The aim of our study was to estimate forest vulnerability and potential distribution of three bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) under current and projected climate conditions for 2020 and 2050. Our study focused on the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis), and pine engraver (Ips pini). This study was conducted across eight states in the Interior West of the US covering approximately 2.2 million km2 and encompassing about 95% of the Rocky Mountains in the contiguous US. Our analyses relied on aerial surveys of bark beetle outbreaks that occurred between 1991 and 2008. Occurrence points for each species were generated within polygons created from the aerial surveys. Current and projected climate scenarios were acquired from the WorldClim database and represented by 19 bioclimatic variables. We used Maxent modeling technique fit with occurrence points and current climate data to model potential beetle distributions and forest vulnerability. Three available climate models, each having two emission scenarios, were modeled independently and results averaged to produce two predictions for 2020 and two predictions for 2050 for each analysis. Environmental parameters defined by current climate models were then used to predict conditions under future climate scenarios, and changes in different species’ ranges were calculated. Our results suggested that the potential distribution for bark beetles under current climate conditions is extensive, which coincides with infestation trends observed in the last decade. Our results predicted that suitable habitats for the mountain pine beetle and pine engraver beetle will stabilize or decrease under future climate conditions, while habitat for the western pine beetle will continue to increase over time. The greatest increase in habitat area was for the western pine beetle, where one climate model predicted a 27% increase by 2050. In contrast, the predicted habitat of the mountain pine beetle from another climate model suggested a decrease in habitat areas as great as 46% by 2050. Generally, 2020 and 2050 models that tested the three climate scenarios independently had similar trends, though one climate scenario for the western pine beetle produced contrasting results. Ranges for all three species of bark beetles shifted considerably geographically suggesting that some host species may become more vulnerable to beetle attack in the future, while others may have a reduced risk over time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.036","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Evangelista, P., Kumar, S., Stohlgren, T.J., and Young, N., 2011, Assessing forest vulnerability and the potential distribution of pine beetles under current and future climate scenarios in the Interior West of the US: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 262, no. 3, p. 307-316, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.036.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216292,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.036"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, 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\"}}]}","volume":"262","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edd4e4b0c8380cd49a30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evangelista, P.H.","contributorId":31708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evangelista","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kumar, S.","contributorId":89843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, N.E.","contributorId":61264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035868,"text":"70035868 - 2011 - Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Overview of scientific and technical program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T21:35:59.592744","indexId":"70035868","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Overview of scientific and technical program","docAbstract":"The Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well was drilled within the Alaska North Slope (ANS) Milne Point Unit (MPU) from February 3 to 19, 2007. The well was conducted as part of a Cooperative Research Agreement (CRA) project co-sponsored since 2001 by BP Exploration (Alaska), Inc. (BPXA) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to help determine whether ANS gas hydrate can become a technically and commercially viable gas resource. Early in the effort, regional reservoir characterization and reservoir simulation modeling studies indicated that up to 0.34 trillion cubic meters (tcm; 12 trillion cubic feet, tcf) gas may be technically recoverable from 0.92 tcm (33 tcf) gas-in-place within the Eileen gas hydrate accumulation near industry infrastructure within ANS MPU, Prudhoe Bay Unit (PBU), and Kuparuk River Unit (KRU) areas. To further constrain these estimates and to enable the selection of a test site for further data acquisition, the USGS reprocessed and interpreted MPU 3D seismic data provided by BPXA to delineate 14 prospects containing significant highly-saturated gas hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs. The “Mount Elbert” site was selected to drill a stratigraphic test well to acquire a full suite of wireline log, core, and formation pressure test data. Drilling results and data interpretation confirmed pre-drill predictions and thus increased confidence in both the prospect interpretation methods and in the wider ANS gas hydrate resource estimates. The interpreted data from the Mount Elbert well provide insight into and reduce uncertainty of key gas hydrate-bearing reservoir properties, enable further refinement and validation of the numerical simulation of the production potential of both MPU and broader ANS gas hydrate resources, and help determine viability of potential field sites for future extended term production testing. Drilling and data acquisition operations demonstrated that gas hydrate scientific research programs can be safely, effectively, and efficiently conducted within ANS infrastructure. The program success resulted in a technical team recommendation to project management to drill and complete a long-term production test within the area of existing ANS infrastructure. If approved by stakeholders, this long-term test would build on prior arctic research efforts to better constrain the potential gas rates and volumes that could be produced from gas hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.015","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Hunter, R., Collett, T.S., Boswell, R., Anderson, B., Digert, S., Pospisil, G., Baker, R., and Weeks, M., 2011, Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Overview of scientific and technical program: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 295-310, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.015.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"310","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216384,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.015"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.6953125,\n 67.47492238478702\n ],\n [\n -140.888671875,\n 67.47492238478702\n ],\n [\n -140.888671875,\n 71.52490903732816\n ],\n [\n -167.6953125,\n 71.52490903732816\n ],\n [\n -167.6953125,\n 67.47492238478702\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e91e4b0c8380cd70b20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, R.B.","contributorId":29538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, B.J.","contributorId":70914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Digert, S.A.","contributorId":60047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Digert","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pospisil, G.","contributorId":77767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pospisil","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baker, R.","contributorId":11542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Weeks, M.","contributorId":62432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70035753,"text":"70035753 - 2011 - Volcanic plume height measured by seismic waves based on a mechanical model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T11:06:38","indexId":"70035753","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic plume height measured by seismic waves based on a mechanical model","docAbstract":"In August 2008 an unmonitored, largely unstudied Aleutian volcano, Kasatochi, erupted catastrophically. Here we use seismic data to infer the height of large eruptive columns such as those of Kasatochi based on a combination of existing fluid and solid mechanical models. In so doing, we propose a connection between a common, observable, short-period seismic wave amplitude to the physics of an eruptive column. To construct a combined model, we estimate the mass ejection rate of material from the vent on the basis of the plume height, assuming that the height is controlled by thermal buoyancy for a continuous plume. Using the estimated mass ejection rate, we then derive the equivalent vertical force on the Earth through a momentum balance. Finally, we calculate the far-field surface waves resulting from the vertical force. The model performs well for recent eruptions of Kasatochi and Augustine volcanoes if v, the velocity of material exiting the vent, is 120-230 m s-1. The consistency between the seismically inferred and measured plume heights indicates that in these cases the far-field ~1 s seismic energy radiated by fluctuating flow in the volcanic jet during the eruption is a useful indicator of overall mass ejection rates. Thus, use of the model holds promise for characterizing eruptions and evaluating ash hazards to aircraft in real time on the basis of far-field short-period seismic data. This study emphasizes the need for better measurements of eruptive plume heights and a more detailed understanding of the full spectrum of seismic energy radiated coeruptively.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007620","isbn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Prejean, S.G., and Brodsky, E.E., 2011, Volcanic plume height measured by seismic waves based on a mechanical model: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. B1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007620.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"B01306","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475203,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007620","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216077,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007620"},{"id":243919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2fee4b08c986b32aec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":452195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brodsky, Emily E.","contributorId":29660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brodsky","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035746,"text":"70035746 - 2011 - Ant-nest ichnofossils in honeycomb calcretes, Neogene Ogallala Formation, High Plains region of western Kansas, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-16T18:20:27.022283","indexId":"70035746","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ant-nest ichnofossils in honeycomb calcretes, Neogene Ogallala Formation, High Plains region of western Kansas, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Two new ant-nest trace fossils are described from calcic sandy paleosols of the Neogene Ogallala Formation in western Kansas. The ichnofossils are preserved within and below calcrete beds weathering in positive relief as carbonate-filled casts or as cavities in negative relief. Daimoniobarax ichnogenus nov. is established for burrow systems composed of vertically tiered, horizontally oriented pancake-shaped chambers connected by predominantly vertical and cylindrical shafts ~ 0.8 cm in diameter. Ichnospecies of Daimoniobarax are differentiated based on differences in the plan view outline of chambers, shaft orientation, and junctions between chambers and shafts.
Daimoniobarax nephroides ichnospecies nov. is composed of an ~ 24–76 cm long vertical sequence of distinctly lobed chambers (~ 2–20 cm wide and ~ 1 cm high) arranged along sinuous to helical shafts. Chamber shape in plan view ranges from small teardrops to larger kidney- and U-shaped forms. Shafts intersect at chamber edges such that chambers appear to bud from the central shafts. Daimoniobarax nephroides is most similar to the nests of extant seed-harvester ants of the New World genus Pogonomyrmex. Such ants are specialized granivores and prefer sandy soils in arid to semi-arid grassland and desert regions.
Daimoniobarax tschinkeli ichnospecies nov. is ~ 30–80 cm in vertical extent. Chambers (~ 2–30 cm wide and ~ 1 cm high) are circular to elongate or pseudopodial in plan view. Vertical shafts are straight to slightly sinuous and intersect most often toward the center of the chambers. The generalized architecture of D. tschinkeli is similar to that of the nests or nest portions of several extant ant genera, though it does not closely resemble any known modern nest.
Ant ichnofossils provide valuable information on hidden biodiversity, paleohydrologic regimes, paleopedogenic processes, and paleoclimate during the time of nest occupation. Depth-related changes in chamber size and vertical spacing may also help interpret paleosurfaces and paleodepths, and serve as geopetal features.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.046","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., Platt, B., Ludvigson, G.A., and Thomasson, J., 2011, Ant-nest ichnofossils in honeycomb calcretes, Neogene Ogallala Formation, High Plains region of western Kansas, U.S.A.: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 308, no. 3-4, p. 383-394, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.046.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"394","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216462,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.046"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"High Plains region of western Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.16259765625,\n 43.03677585761058\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -104.19433593749999,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -102.15087890624999,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -97.31689453125,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -97.734375,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -98.28369140625,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -98.6572265625,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -99.16259765625,\n 43.03677585761058\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"308","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec50e4b0c8380cd491be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J.J.","contributorId":106175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Platt, B.F.","contributorId":21372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platt","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomasson, J.R.","contributorId":83359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomasson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035677,"text":"70035677 - 2011 - Accelerated construction of a regional DNA-barcode reference library: Caddisflies (Trichoptera) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T11:54:08","indexId":"70035677","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accelerated construction of a regional DNA-barcode reference library: Caddisflies (Trichoptera) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park","docAbstract":"Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding is an effective tool for species identification and lifestage association in a wide range of animal taxa. We developed a strategy for rapid construction of a regional DNA-barcode reference library and used the caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) as a model. Nearly 1000 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences, representing 209 caddisfly species previously recorded from GSMNP, were obtained from the global Trichoptera Barcode of Life campaign. Most of these sequences were collected from outside the GSMNP area. Another 645 COI sequences, representing 80 species, were obtained from specimens collected in a 3-d bioblitz (short-term, intense sampling program) in GSMNP. The joint collections provided barcode coverage for 212 species, 91% of the GSMNP fauna. Inclusion of samples from other localities greatly expedited construction of the regional DNA-barcode reference library. This strategy increased intraspecific divergence and decreased average distances to nearest neighboring species, but the DNA-barcode library was able to differentiate 93% of the GSMNP Trichoptera species examined. Global barcoding projects will aid construction of regional DNA-barcode libraries, but local surveys make crucial contributions to progress by contributing rare or endemic species and full-length barcodes generated from high-quality DNA. DNA taxonomy is not a goal of our present work, but the investigation of COI divergence patterns in caddisflies is providing new insights into broader biodiversity patterns in this group and has directed attention to various issues, ranging from the need to re-evaluate species taxonomy with integrated morphological and molecular evidence to the necessity of an appropriate interpretation of barcode analyses and its implications in understanding species diversity (in contrast to a simple claim for barcoding failure).
","language":"English","doi":"10.1899/10-010.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Zhou, X., Robinson, J., Geraci, C., Parker, C., Flint, O., Etnier, D., Ruiter, D., DeWalt, R., Jacobus, L., and Hebert, P., 2011, Accelerated construction of a regional DNA-barcode reference library: Caddisflies (Trichoptera) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 30, no. 1, p. 131-162, https://doi.org/10.1899/10-010.1.","startPage":"131","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475145,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1899/10-010.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216373,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/10-010.1"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e666e4b0c8380cd473c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, X.","contributorId":91330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, J.L.","contributorId":13283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geraci, C.J.","contributorId":38807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geraci","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, C.R.","contributorId":21892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flint, O.S. Jr.","contributorId":98948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"O.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Etnier, D.A.","contributorId":10387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Etnier","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ruiter, D.","contributorId":76966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiter","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"DeWalt, R.E.","contributorId":56405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWalt","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jacobus, L.M.","contributorId":89723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobus","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hebert, P.D.N.","contributorId":60879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hebert","given":"P.D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70035674,"text":"70035674 - 2011 - Environmental controls of wood entrapment in upper Midwestern streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T16:04:38","indexId":"70035674","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental controls of wood entrapment in upper Midwestern streams","docAbstract":"Wood deposited in streams provides a wide variety of ecosystem functions, including enhancing habitat for key species in stream food webs, increasing geomorphic and hydraulic heterogeneity and retaining organic matter. Given the strong role that wood plays in streams, factors that influence wood inputs, retention and transport are critical to stream ecology. Wood entrapment, the process of wood coming to rest after being swept downstream at least 10 m, is poorly understood, yet important for predicting stream function and success of restoration efforts. Data on entrapment were collected for a wide range of natural wood pieces (n = 344), stream geomorphology and hydraulic conditions in nine streams along the north shore of Lake Superior in Minnesota. Locations of pieces were determined in summer 2007 and again following an overbank stormflow event in fall 2007. The ratio of piece length to effective stream width (length ratio) and the weight of the piece were important in a multiple logistic regression model that explained 25% of the variance in wood entrapment. Entrapment remains difficult to predict in natural streams, and often may simply occur wherever wood pieces are located when high water recedes. However, this study can inform stream modifications to discourage entrapment at road crossings or other infrastructure by applying the model formula to estimate the effective width required to pass particular wood pieces. Conversely, these results could also be used to determine conditions (e.g. pre-existing large, stable pieces) that encourage entrapment where wood is valued for ecological functions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7846","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Merten, E.C., Finlay, J., Johnson, L., Newman, R., Stefan, H., and Vondracek, B.C., 2011, Environmental controls of wood entrapment in upper Midwestern streams: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 4, p. 593-602, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7846.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"602","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-018202","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475242,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11299/183601","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216311,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7846"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.2247314453125,\n 46.66828707388311\n ],\n [\n -89.4451904296875,\n 46.66828707388311\n ],\n [\n -89.4451904296875,\n 48.0156497866894\n ],\n [\n -92.2247314453125,\n 48.0156497866894\n ],\n [\n -92.2247314453125,\n 46.66828707388311\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09b5e4b0c8380cd5201c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merten, Eric C.","contributorId":75355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merten","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":451805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finlay, Jacques","contributorId":172286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finlay","given":"Jacques","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Lucinda","contributorId":172287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Lucinda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newman, Raymond","contributorId":172288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"Raymond","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stefan, Heinz","contributorId":172289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stefan","given":"Heinz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vondracek, Bruce C. bcv@usgs.gov","contributorId":904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"Bruce","email":"bcv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035671,"text":"70035671 - 2011 - A reverse genetics system for the Great Lakes strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus: the NV gene is required for pathogenicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-30T18:59:08","indexId":"70035671","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2661,"text":"Marine Biotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reverse genetics system for the Great Lakes strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus: the NV gene is required for pathogenicity","docAbstract":"Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), belonging to the genus Novirhabdovirus in the family of Rhabdoviridae, causes a highly contagious disease of fresh and saltwater fish worldwide. Recently, a novel genotype of VHSV, designated IVb, has invaded the Great Lakes in North America, causing large-scale epidemics in wild fish. An efficient reverse genetics system was developed to generate a recombinant VHSV of genotype IVb from cloned cDNA. The recombinant VHSV (rVHSV) was comparable to the parental wild-type strain both in vitro and in vivo, causing high mortality in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). A modified recombinant VHSV was generated in which the NV gene was substituted with an enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (rVHSV-ΔNV-EGFP), and another recombinant was made by inserting the EGFP gene into the full-length viral clone between the P and M genes (rVHSV-EGFP). The in vitro replication kinetics of rVHSV-EGFP was similar to rVHSV; however, the rVHSV-ΔNV-EGFP grew 2 logs lower. In yellow perch challenges, wtVHSV and rVHSV induced 82-100% cumulative per cent mortality (CPM), respectively, whereas rVHSV-EGFP produced 62% CPM and rVHSV-ΔNV-EGFP caused only 15% CPM. No reversion of mutation was detected in the recovered viruses and the recombinant viruses stably maintained the foreign gene after several passages. These results indicate that the NV gene of VHSV is not essential for viral replication in vitro and in vivo, but it plays an important role in viral replication efficiency and pathogenicity. This system will facilitate studies of VHSV replication, virulence, and production of viral vectored vaccines.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Biotechnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10126-010-9329-4","issn":"14362228","usgsCitation":"Ammayappan, A., Kurath, G., Thompson, T.M., and Vakharia, V.N., 2011, A reverse genetics system for the Great Lakes strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus: the NV gene is required for pathogenicity: Marine Biotechnology, v. 13, no. 4, p. 672-683, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-010-9329-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"672","endPage":"683","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216275,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10126-010-9329-4"},{"id":244138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e300e4b0c8380cd45d90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ammayappan, Arun","contributorId":81716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ammayappan","given":"Arun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Tarin M. tmthompson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Tarin","email":"tmthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vakharia, Vikram N.","contributorId":30846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vakharia","given":"Vikram","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035557,"text":"70035557 - 2011 - Are patterns in nutrient limitation belowground consistent with those aboveground: Results from a 4 million year chronosequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T19:12:59.425482","indexId":"70035557","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are patterns in nutrient limitation belowground consistent with those aboveground: Results from a 4 million year chronosequence","docAbstract":"Accurately predicting the effects of global change on net carbon (C) exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere requires a more complete understanding of how nutrient availability regulates both plant growth and heterotrophic soil respiration. Models of soil development suggest that the nature of nutrient limitation changes over the course of ecosystem development, transitioning from nitrogen (N) limitation in ‘young’ sites to phosphorus (P) limitation in ‘old’ sites. However, previous research has focused primarily on plant responses to added nutrients, and the applicability of nutrient limitation-soil development models to belowground processes has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we assessed the effects of nutrients on soil C cycling in three different forests that occupy a 4 million year substrate age chronosequence where tree growth is N limited at the youngest site, co-limited by N and P at the intermediate-aged site, and P limited at the oldest site. Our goal was to use short-term laboratory soil C manipulations (using 14C-labeled substrates) and longer-term intact soil core incubations to compare belowground responses to fertilization with aboveground patterns. When nutrients were applied with labile C (sucrose), patterns of microbial nutrient limitation were similar to plant patterns: microbial activity was limited more by N than by P in the young site, and P was more limiting than N in the old site. However, in the absence of C additions, increased respiration of native soil organic matter only occurred with simultaneous additions of N and P. Taken together, these data suggest that altered nutrient inputs into ecosystems could have dissimilar effects on C cycling above- and belowground, that nutrients may differentially affect of the fate of different soil C pools, and that future changes to the net C balance of terrestrial ecosystems will be partially regulated by soil nutrient status.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10533-010-9522-6","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Reed, S.C., Vitousek, P., and Cleveland, C., 2011, Are patterns in nutrient limitation belowground consistent with those aboveground: Results from a 4 million year chronosequence: Biogeochemistry, v. 106, no. 3, p. 323-336, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9522-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"336","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216125,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9522-6"}],"volume":"106","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed5ee4b0c8380cd4977f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vitousek, P.M.","contributorId":102208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitousek","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleveland, C.C.","contributorId":62387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035551,"text":"70035551 - 2011 - O2 reduction and denitrification rates in shallow aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T20:12:42.905975","indexId":"70035551","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"O2 reduction and denitrification rates in shallow aquifers","title":"O2 reduction and denitrification rates in shallow aquifers","docAbstract":"O2 reduction and denitrification rates were determined in shallow aquifers of 12 study areas representing a wide range in sedimentary environments and climatic conditions. Zero‐ and first‐order rates were determined by relating reactant or product concentrations to apparent groundwater age. O2 reduction rates varied widely within and between sites, with zero‐order rates ranging from <3 μmol L−1 yr−1 to more than 140 μmol L−1 yr−1 and first‐order rates ranging from 0.02 to 0.27 yr−1. Moderate denitrification rates (10–100 μmol N L−1 yr−1; 0.06–0.30 yr−1) were observed in most areas with O2 concentrations below 60 μmol L−1, while higher rates (>100 μmol N L−1 yr−1; >0.36 yr−1) occur when changes in lithology result in a sharp increase in the supply of electron donors. Denitrification lag times (i.e., groundwater travel times prior to the onset of denitrification) ranged from <20 yr to >80 yr. The availability of electron donors is indicated as the primary factor affecting O2 reduction rates. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and/or sulfate (an indicator of sulfide oxidation) were positively correlated with groundwater age at sites with high O2 reduction rates and negatively correlated at sites with lower rates. Furthermore, electron donors from recharging DOC are not sufficient to account for appreciable O2 and nitrate reduction. These relations suggest that lithologic sources of DOC and sulfides are important sources of electrons at these sites but surface‐derived sources of DOC are not. A review of published rates suggests that denitrification tends to occur more quickly when linked with sulfide oxidation than with carbon oxidation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011WR010471","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Tesoriero, A.J., and Puckett, L., 2011, O2 reduction and denitrification rates in shallow aquifers: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 12, W12522, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010471.","productDescription":"W12522, 17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475560,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr010471","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216506,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010471"}],"country":"United Sates","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -122.78320312499999,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -125.24414062499999,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -125.24414062499999,\n 43.89789239125797\n ],\n [\n -124.365234375,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -117.68554687499999,\n 31.728167146023935\n ],\n [\n -114.345703125,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -110.654296875,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -108.10546875,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -108.10546875,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -106.435546875,\n 31.728167146023935\n ],\n [\n -103.447265625,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -101.953125,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -100.546875,\n 28.07198030177986\n ],\n [\n -99.052734375,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -96.94335937499999,\n 25.720735134412106\n ],\n [\n -79.365234375,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -75.146484375,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -74.35546875,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -70.6640625,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -70.224609375,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -66.70898437499999,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -68.115234375,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -69.9609375,\n 47.338822694822\n ],\n [\n -70.927734375,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -75.322265625,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -77.431640625,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -78.837890625,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -82.177734375,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -84.0234375,\n 46.49839225859763\n ],\n [\n -88.76953125,\n 48.22467264956519\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 48.40003249610685\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 49.03786794532644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a69dfe4b0c8380cd73f3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tesoriero, Anthony J. 0000-0003-4674-7364 tesorier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-7364","contributorId":2693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"Anthony","email":"tesorier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Puckett, Larry J. lpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":31739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Larry J.","email":"lpuckett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":451202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035365,"text":"70035365 - 2011 - Bat ecology and public health surveillance for rabies in an urbanizing region of Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-24T19:55:26.772805","indexId":"70035365","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3669,"text":"Urban Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bat ecology and public health surveillance for rabies in an urbanizing region of Colorado","docAbstract":"We describe use of Fort Collins, Colorado, and nearby areas by bats in 2001–2005, and link patterns in bat ecology with concurrent public health surveillance for rabies. Our analyses are based on evaluation of summary statistics, and information-theoretic support for results of simple logistic regression. Based on captures in mist nets, the city bat fauna differed from that of the adjacent mountains, and was dominated by big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Species, age, and sex composition of bats submitted for rabies testing locally and along the urbanizing Front Range Corridor were similar to those of the mist-net captures and reflected the annual cycle of reproduction and activity of big brown bats. Few submissions occurred November- March, when these bats hibernated elsewhere. In summer females roosted in buildings in colonies and dominated health samples; fledging of young corresponded to a summer peak in health submissions with no increase in rabies prevalence. Roosting ecology of big brown bats in buildings was similar to that reported for natural sites, including colony size, roost-switching behavior, fidelity to roosts in a small area, and attributes important for roost selection. Attrition in roosts occurred from structural modifications of buildings to exclude colonies by citizens, but without major effects on long-term bat reproduction or survival. Bats foraged in areas set aside for nature conservation. A pattern of lower diversity in urban bat communities with dominance by big brown bats may occur widely in the USA, and is consistent with national public health records for rabies surveillance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s11252-011-0182-7","issn":"10838155","usgsCitation":"O’Shea, T.J., Neubaum, D., Neubaum, M., Cryan, P.M., Ellison, L.E., Stanley, T., Rupprecht, C.E., Pape, W., and Bowen, R.A., 2011, Bat ecology and public health surveillance for rabies in an urbanizing region of Colorado: Urban Ecosystems, v. 14, no. 4, p. 665-697, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-011-0182-7.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"665","endPage":"697","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215195,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-011-0182-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Fort Collins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.21881103515625,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -104.8809814453125,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -104.8809814453125,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -105.21881103515625,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -105.21881103515625,\n 40.44694705960048\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eff2e4b0c8380cd4a52a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Shea, Thomas J. osheat@usgs.gov","contributorId":2327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Thomas","email":"osheat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":450343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neubaum, D.J.","contributorId":43720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neubaum","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neubaum, M.A.","contributorId":50866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neubaum","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":2356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellison, Laura E. ellisonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Laura","email":"ellisonl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stanley, T.R.","contributorId":61379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rupprecht, C. E.","contributorId":101602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rupprecht","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pape, W.J.","contributorId":101225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pape","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bowen, R. A.","contributorId":80623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70035325,"text":"70035325 - 2011 - Generalized bootstrap method for assessment of uncertainty in semivariogram inference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T15:28:47","indexId":"70035325","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2701,"text":"Mathematical Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalized bootstrap method for assessment of uncertainty in semivariogram inference","docAbstract":"The semivariogram and its related function, the covariance, play a central role in classical geostatistics for modeling the average continuity of spatially correlated attributes. Whereas all methods are formulated in terms of the true semivariogram, in practice what can be used are estimated semivariograms and models based on samples. A generalized form of the bootstrap method to properly model spatially correlated data is used to advance knowledge about the reliability of empirical semivariograms and semivariogram models based on a single sample. Among several methods available to generate spatially correlated resamples, we selected a method based on the LU decomposition and used several examples to illustrate the approach. The first one is a synthetic, isotropic, exhaustive sample following a normal distribution, the second example is also a synthetic but following a non-Gaussian random field, and a third empirical sample consists of actual raingauge measurements. Results show wider confidence intervals than those found previously by others with inadequate application of the bootstrap. Also, even for the Gaussian example, distributions for estimated semivariogram values and model parameters are positively skewed. In this sense, bootstrap percentile confidence intervals, which are not centered around the empirical semivariogram and do not require distributional assumptions for its construction, provide an achieved coverage similar to the nominal coverage. The latter cannot be achieved by symmetrical confidence intervals based on the standard error, regardless if the standard error is estimated from a parametric equation or from bootstrap.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11004-010-9269-6","issn":"18748961","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., and Pardo-Iguzquiza, E., 2011, Generalized bootstrap method for assessment of uncertainty in semivariogram inference: Mathematical Geosciences, v. 43, no. 2, p. 203-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-010-9269-6.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"228","ipdsId":"IP-013963","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215127,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11004-010-9269-6"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1515e4b0c8380cd54cad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":450190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pardo-Iguzquiza, E.","contributorId":34345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardo-Iguzquiza","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035093,"text":"70035093 - 2011 - Female white-tailed deer survival across ecoregions in Minnesota and South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T12:33:59","indexId":"70035093","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Female white-tailed deer survival across ecoregions in Minnesota and South Dakota","docAbstract":"Survival and cause-specific mortality of female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been well documented in forested and agricultural landscapes, but limited information has been collected in grassland habitats typical of the Northern Great Plains. Our objectives were to document and compare survival and cause-specific mortality of adult female white-tailed deer in four distinct ecoregions. We captured and radiocollared 190 (159 adult, 31 yearling) female white-tailed deer and monitored (including deer from a previous study) a total of 246 (215 adult, 31 yearling) deer from Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2007. We documented 113 mortalities; hunting (including wounding loss) accounted for 69.9% of all mortalities and vehicle collisions accounted for an additional 15.0%. Natural causes (e.g., disease, predation) of mortality were minor compared to human-related causes (e.g., hunting, vehicle collisions). We used known fate modeling in program MARK to estimate survival rates and compare ecoregions and seasons. Model {Sseason (winter = summer)} had the lowest AICc value suggesting that survival differed only between seasons where winter and summer survival was equal and differed with fall season. Annual and seasonal (summer, fall, winter) survival rates using the top model {Sseason (summer = winter)} were 0.76 (95% ci = 0.70–0.80), 0.97 (95% ci = 0.96–0.98), 0.80 (95% ci = 0.76–0.83) and 0.97 (95% ci = 0.96–0.98), respectively. High human-related mortality was likely associated with limited permanent cover, extensive road networks and high hunter density. Deer management in four distinct ecoregions relies on hunter harvest to maintain deer populations within state management goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-165.2.426","issn":"00030031","usgsCitation":"Grovenburg, T., Swanson, C.C., Jacques, C., Deperno, C., Klaver, R., and Jenks, J., 2011, Female white-tailed deer survival across ecoregions in Minnesota and South Dakota: American Midland Naturalist, v. 165, no. 2, p. 426-435, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-165.2.426.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"426","endPage":"435","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, South Dakota","county":"Fillmore County, Lincoln County, Olmsted County, Pipestone County, Redwood County, Renville County, Brookings County, Brown County, Edmunds County, Faulk County, Grant County, McPherson County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-91.7304,43.8503],[-91.7306,43.5023],[-92.0803,43.5021],[-92.0828,43.5021],[-92.4507,43.5026],[-92.4507,43.8361],[-92.6891,43.8368],[-92.6889,43.8514],[-92.6775,43.8518],[-92.6804,44.1972],[-92.5516,44.1972],[-92.3189,44.1954],[-92.3178,44.1101],[-92.0803,44.1087],[-92.0806,43.8508],[-91.7304,43.8503]]],[[[-96.4532,44.6317],[-96.0914,44.631],[-96.0932,44.5456],[-96.0747,44.5455],[-96.0788,44.1993],[-96.0628,44.1987],[-96.0657,43.8527],[-96.4532,43.8515],[-96.4538,44.1983],[-96.8874,44.1965],[-97.1286,44.1965],[-97.1285,44.545],[-96.8874,44.5446],[-96.4534,44.5444],[-96.4533,44.6289],[-96.4533,44.6303],[-96.4532,44.6317]]],[[[-94.8623,44.4977],[-94.8637,44.2829],[-95.1051,44.283],[-95.1062,44.1968],[-95.4633,44.197],[-95.5921,44.1964],[-95.5938,44.5434],[-95.3567,44.5437],[-95.3584,44.6993],[-95.3643,44.7019],[-95.3707,44.7028],[-95.3765,44.7041],[-95.3773,44.7072],[-95.3767,44.71],[-95.3781,44.7122],[-95.3806,44.7122],[-95.3851,44.7131],[-95.3878,44.7153],[-95.3929,44.7152],[-95.3962,44.7165],[-95.395,44.7207],[-95.3951,44.7248],[-95.3991,44.7284],[-95.4049,44.7315],[-95.4107,44.7319],[-95.4165,44.7322],[-95.4192,44.7354],[-95.4219,44.739],[-95.4296,44.7407],[-95.4374,44.7438],[-95.4419,44.7424],[-95.4521,44.7404],[-95.4554,44.7431],[-95.4601,44.7489],[-95.4652,44.7498],[-95.4699,44.7543],[-95.4744,44.7556],[-95.4789,44.7532],[-95.4816,44.891],[-95.2471,44.8925],[-94.7582,44.8929],[-94.4993,44.8942],[-94.4948,44.8938],[-94.4954,44.7194],[-94.6278,44.7193],[-94.6202,44.4566],[-94.7917,44.4574],[-94.7957,44.4642],[-94.799,44.4673],[-94.8054,44.4691],[-94.8074,44.4745],[-94.8126,44.4786],[-94.8166,44.4831],[-94.8281,44.4839],[-94.8365,44.4866],[-94.8391,44.492],[-94.8474,44.4897],[-94.8513,44.4933],[-94.8623,44.4977]]],[[[-98.7273,45.9373],[-98.7267,45.9373],[-98.3537,45.9355],[-98.3472,45.9355],[-98.1849,45.9355],[-98.164,45.9356],[-98.0095,45.9355],[-98.0017,45.9355],[-97.9775,45.9351],[-97.9802,45.5883],[-97.9803,45.2409],[-98.1059,45.2413],[-98.3532,45.2432],[-98.4743,45.2437],[-98.5967,45.2446],[-98.6005,45.2451],[-98.7184,45.2449],[-98.7209,45.1024],[-98.7186,44.8965],[-99.3132,44.8976],[-99.3287,44.8986],[-99.5728,44.8983],[-99.5743,45.0722],[-99.5719,45.1019],[-99.5751,45.2458],[-99.6962,45.2465],[-99.7111,45.2462],[-99.7096,45.5953],[-99.72,45.5958],[-99.7216,45.6786],[-99.7206,45.7673],[-99.7197,45.7902],[-99.7212,45.9421],[-99.0054,45.9393],[-99.0021,45.9393],[-98.7273,45.9373]]],[[[-97.226,45.2996],[-97.0088,45.2992],[-97.0022,45.3141],[-96.995,45.3276],[-96.9872,45.3279],[-96.8632,45.3292],[-96.47,45.3289],[-96.4692,45.3265],[-96.4697,45.3239],[-96.4668,45.3179],[-96.4616,45.3142],[-96.4588,45.3121],[-96.4582,45.3116],[-96.4538,45.3074],[-96.4519,45.3022],[-96.4521,45.2978],[-96.4523,45.2941],[-96.453,45.2802],[-96.4536,45.2695],[-96.4536,45.2693],[-96.4535,45.2678],[-96.453,45.2546],[-96.453,45.2429],[-96.4532,44.9788],[-96.7615,44.9772],[-96.8854,44.9779],[-96.885,45.1533],[-97.0798,45.1534],[-97.226,45.1538],[-97.2251,45.2118],[-97.226,45.2996]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Fillmore\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","volume":"165","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f7de4b0c8380cd53908","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grovenburg, T.W.","contributorId":78163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grovenburg","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, C. C.","contributorId":34238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swanson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacques, C.N.","contributorId":19378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacques","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deperno, C.S.","contributorId":97870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deperno","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klaver, R. W. 0000-0002-3263-9701","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":50267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jenks, J.A.","contributorId":31726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035087,"text":"70035087 - 2011 - Prototyping an online wetland ecosystem services model using open model sharing standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T12:30:28","indexId":"70035087","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prototyping an online wetland ecosystem services model using open model sharing standards","docAbstract":"Great interest currently exists for developing ecosystem models to forecast how ecosystem services may change under alternative land use and climate futures. Ecosystem services are diverse and include supporting services or functions (e.g., primary production, nutrient cycling), provisioning services (e.g., wildlife, groundwater), regulating services (e.g., water purification, floodwater retention), and even cultural services (e.g., ecotourism, cultural heritage). Hence, the knowledge base necessary to quantify ecosystem services is broad and derived from many diverse scientific disciplines. Building the required interdisciplinary models is especially challenging as modelers from different locations and times may develop the disciplinary models needed for ecosystem simulations, and these models must be identified and made accessible to the interdisciplinary simulation. Additional difficulties include inconsistent data structures, formats, and metadata required by geospatial models as well as limitations on computing, storage, and connectivity. Traditional standalone and closed network systems cannot fully support sharing and integrating interdisciplinary geospatial models from variant sources. To address this need, we developed an approach to openly share and access geospatial computational models using distributed Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques and open geospatial standards. We included a means to share computational models compliant with Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Processing Services (WPS) standard to ensure modelers have an efficient and simplified means to publish new models. To demonstrate our approach, we developed five disciplinary models that can be integrated and shared to simulate a few of the ecosystem services (e.g., water storage, waterfowl breeding) that are provided by wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.10.008","issn":"13648152","usgsCitation":"Feng, M., Liu, S., Euliss, N., Young, C., and Mushet, D., 2011, Prototyping an online wetland ecosystem services model using open model sharing standards: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 26, no. 4, p. 458-468, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.10.008.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"458","endPage":"468","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215479,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.10.008"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f98e4b0c8380cd7f860","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feng, M.","contributorId":18195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Euliss, N.H.","contributorId":27836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"N.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, Caitlin","contributorId":30181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Caitlin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mushet, D.M. 0000-0002-5910-2744","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":59377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035057,"text":"70035057 - 2011 - Climate change, atmospheric rivers, and floods in California - a multimodel analysis of storm frequency and magnitude changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-02T19:02:29.171143","indexId":"70035057","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change, atmospheric rivers, and floods in California - a multimodel analysis of storm frequency and magnitude changes","docAbstract":"Recent studies have documented the important role that “atmospheric rivers” (ARs) of concentrated near‐surface water vapor above the Pacific Ocean play in the storms and floods in California, Oregon, and Washington. By delivering large masses of warm, moist air (sometimes directly from the Tropics), ARs establish conditions for the kinds of high snowlines and copious orographic rainfall that have caused the largest historical storms. In many California rivers, essentially all major historical floods have been associated with AR storms. As an example of the kinds of storm changes that may influence future flood frequencies, the occurrence of such storms in historical observations and in a 7‐model ensemble of historical‐climate and projected future climate simulations is evaluated. Under an A2 greenhouse‐gas emissions scenario (with emissions accelerating throughout the 21st Century), average AR statistics do not change much in most climate models; however, extremes change notably. Years with many AR episodes increase, ARs with higher‐than‐historical water‐vapor transport rates increase, and AR storm‐temperatures increase. Furthermore, the peak season within which most ARs occur is commonly projected to lengthen, extending the flood‐hazard season. All of these tendencies could increase opportunities for both more frequent and more severe floods in California under projected climate changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00546.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., 2011, Climate change, atmospheric rivers, and floods in California - a multimodel analysis of storm frequency and magnitude changes: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 3, p. 514-523, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00546.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"514","endPage":"523","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215478,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00546.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.92675781249999,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -123.837890625,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -122.6953125,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -122.25585937500001,\n 36.77409249464195\n ],\n [\n -121.37695312499999,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -120.673828125,\n 34.27083595165\n ],\n [\n -119.970703125,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -117.68554687499999,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -114.47753906249999,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -119.92675781249999,\n 39.13006024213511\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f64fe4b0c8380cd4c69d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":149896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70035055,"text":"70035055 - 2011 - Pennsylvanian coniferopsid forests in sabkha facies reveal the nature of seasonal tropical biome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-02T19:52:43.832278","indexId":"70035055","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pennsylvanian coniferopsid forests in sabkha facies reveal the nature of seasonal tropical biome","docAbstract":"Pennsylvanian fossil forests are known from hundreds of sites across tropical Pangea, but nearly all comprise remains of humid Coal Forests. Here we report a unique occurrence of seasonally dry vegetation, preserved in growth position along >5 km of strike, in the Pennsylvanian (early Kasimovian, Missourian) of New Mexico (United States). Analyses of stump anatomy, diameter, and spatial density, coupled with observations of vascular traces and associated megaflora, show that this was a deciduous, mixed-age, coniferopsid woodland (∼100 trees per hectare) with an open canopy. The coniferopsids colonized coastal sabkha facies and show tree rings, confirming growth under seasonally dry conditions. Such woodlands probably served as the source of coniferopsids that replaced Coal Forests farther east in central Pangea during drier climate phases. Thus, the newly discovered woodland helps unravel biome-scale vegetation dynamics and allows calibration of climate models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America.","doi":"10.1130/G31764.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Falcon-Lang, H.J., Jud, N., John, N.W., DiMichele, W.A., Chaney, D., and Lucas, S.G., 2011, Pennsylvanian coniferopsid forests in sabkha facies reveal the nature of seasonal tropical biome: Geology, v. 39, no. 4, p. 371-374, https://doi.org/10.1130/G31764.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"374","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215446,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G31764.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Socorro","otherGeospatial":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.852783203125,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -106.01806640624999,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -106.01806640624999,\n 34.72355492704221\n ],\n [\n -107.852783203125,\n 34.72355492704221\n ],\n [\n -107.852783203125,\n 33.578014746143985\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7653e4b0c8380cd7804d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falcon-Lang, H. J.","contributorId":41220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcon-Lang","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jud, N.A.","contributorId":97727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jud","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"John, Nelson W.","contributorId":34348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"Nelson","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DiMichele, William A.","contributorId":97631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiMichele","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chaney, D.S.","contributorId":47106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaney","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lucas, S. G.","contributorId":76934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035053,"text":"70035053 - 2011 - Quantifying seascape structure: Extending terrestrial spatial pattern metrics to the marine realm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-02T20:14:16.998241","indexId":"70035053","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying seascape structure: Extending terrestrial spatial pattern metrics to the marine realm","docAbstract":"Spatial pattern metrics have routinely been applied to characterize and quantify structural features of terrestrial landscapes and have demonstrated great utility in landscape ecology and conservation planning. The important role of spatial structure in ecology and management is now commonly recognized, and recent advances in marine remote sensing technology have facilitated the application of spatial pattern metrics to the marine environment. However, it is not yet clear whether concepts, metrics, and statistical techniques developed for terrestrial ecosystems are relevant for marine species and seascapes. To address this gap in our knowledge, we reviewed, synthesized, and evaluated the utility and application of spatial pattern metrics in the marine science literature over the past 30 yr (1980 to 2010). In total, 23 studies characterized seascape structure, of which 17 quantified spatial patterns using a 2-dimensional patch-mosaic model and 5 used a continuously varying 3-dimensional surface model. Most seascape studies followed terrestrial-based studies in their search for ecological patterns and applied or modified existing metrics. Only 1 truly unique metric was found (hydrodynamic aperture applied to Pacific atolls). While there are still relatively few studies using spatial pattern metrics in the marine environment, they have suffered from similar misuse as reported for terrestrial studies, such as the lack of a priori considerations or the problem of collinearity between metrics. Spatial pattern metrics offer great potential for ecological research and environmental management in marine systems, and future studies should focus on (1) the dynamic boundary between the land and sea; (2) quantifying 3-dimensional spatial patterns; and (3) assessing and monitoring seascape change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps09119","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Wedding, L., Christopher, L., Pittman, S., Friedlander, A.M., and Jorgensen, S., 2011, Quantifying seascape structure: Extending terrestrial spatial pattern metrics to the marine realm: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 427, p. 219-232, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09119.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"232","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475057,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09119","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215414,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09119"}],"volume":"427","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91dce4b0c8380cd804e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wedding, L.M.","contributorId":46786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wedding","given":"L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christopher, L.A.","contributorId":18194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christopher","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pittman, S.J.","contributorId":88173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pittman","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedlander, Alan M. afriedlander@usgs.gov","contributorId":4296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedlander","given":"Alan","email":"afriedlander@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jorgensen, S.","contributorId":67301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034753,"text":"70034753 - 2011 - Evaluating impacts of subdivision density on shallow groundwater in Southeastern Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-15T20:23:07.895811","indexId":"70034753","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2261,"text":"Journal of Environmental Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating impacts of subdivision density on shallow groundwater in Southeastern Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"Using simple numerical groundwater flow models, we tested the impacts of suburban developments on groundwater levels and discharge to streams. We used lot sizes of 1, 3 and 5 acres (4000, 12,000 and 20,000 m2) with one domestic well per lot that pumped water from shallow aquifers. Our modelling showed that pumping had little impact on water levels and groundwater discharge to streams if the developed area is of a moderate size. However, domestic wells had the potential to impact local groundwater levels and baseflows in large developments. In township-wide development scenarios of 1-acre (4000 m2) lots, simulated drawdowns beneath developed areas ranged from 1 to 18 ft (0.3 to 5.5 m), and baseflow reductions ranged from 20 to 40%. Impacts generally were inversely proportional to lot size, recharge rate and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer materials. Developments using individual domestic wells have the potential to impact local groundwater levels and surface water features. The impacts can range from negligible to severe, depending on local hydrogeologic conditions and on whether wastewater is recharged onsite or is removed from the basin. An assessment of groundwater impacts should be a part of the planning process for all suburban developments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/09640568.2010.524358","issn":"09640568","usgsCitation":"Rayne, T., and Bradbury, K.R., 2011, Evaluating impacts of subdivision density on shallow groundwater in Southeastern Wisconsin, USA: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, v. 54, no. 5, p. 559-575, https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2010.524358.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"575","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215573,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2010.524358"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Southeastern Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.8082275390625,\n 42.49640294093705\n ],\n [\n -87.81372070312499,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -87.7532958984375,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -87.7532958984375,\n 42.783307077249624\n ],\n [\n -87.8302001953125,\n 42.91218338638015\n ],\n [\n -87.8466796875,\n 42.99259451971113\n ],\n [\n -87.857666015625,\n 43.04480541304369\n ],\n [\n -87.879638671875,\n 43.201171681272456\n ],\n [\n -87.86865234374999,\n 43.34914966389313\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 43.628123412124616\n ],\n [\n -88.6541748046875,\n 43.636075155965784\n ],\n [\n -88.6541748046875,\n 43.337164854911094\n ],\n [\n -88.65966796875,\n 42.49640294093705\n ],\n [\n -87.8082275390625,\n 42.49640294093705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0be7e4b0c8380cd52928","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rayne, T.W.","contributorId":86582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rayne","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, K. R.","contributorId":86070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034733,"text":"70034733 - 2011 - Statistical models of temperature in the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta under climate-change scenarios and ecological implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-08T13:44:54","indexId":"70034733","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical models of temperature in the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta under climate-change scenarios and ecological implications","docAbstract":"Changes in water temperatures caused by climate change in California’s Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta will affect the ecosystem through physiological rates of fishes and invertebrates. This study presents statistical models that can be used to forecast water temperature within the Delta as a response to atmospheric conditions. The daily average model performed well (R 2values greater than 0.93 during verification periods) for all stations within the Delta and San Francisco Bay provided there was at least 1 year of calibration data. To provide long-term projections of Delta water temperature, we forced the model with downscaled data from climate scenarios. Based on these projections, the ecological implications for the delta smelt, a key species, were assessed based on temperature thresholds. The model forecasts increases in the number of days above temperatures causing high mortality (especially along the Sacramento River) and a shift in thermal conditions for spawning to earlier in the year.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-010-9369-z","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Wagner, R., Stacey, M., Brown, L.R., and Dettinger, M., 2011, Statistical models of temperature in the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta under climate-change scenarios and ecological implications: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 34, no. 3, p. 544-556, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9369-z.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"544","endPage":"556","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475211,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9369-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9705e4b08c986b31b834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, R.W.","contributorId":48784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stacey, Mark T.","contributorId":94531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stacey","given":"Mark T.","affiliations":[{"id":12776,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":146383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034727,"text":"70034727 - 2011 - Pressure-gradient-driven nearshore circulation on a beach influenced by a large inlet-tidal shoal system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-04T12:30:40","indexId":"70034727","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pressure-gradient-driven nearshore circulation on a beach influenced by a large inlet-tidal shoal system","docAbstract":"The nearshore circulation induced by a focused pattern of surface gravity waves is studied at a beach adjacent to a major inlet with a large ebb tidal shoal. Using a coupled wave and wave-averaged nearshore circulation model, it is found that the nearshore circulation is significantly affected by the heterogeneous wave patterns caused by wave refraction over the ebb tidal shoal. The model is used to predict waves and currents during field experiments conducted near the mouth of San Francisco Bay and nearby Ocean Beach. The field measurements indicate strong spatial variations in current magnitude and direction and in wave height and direction along Ocean Beach and across the ebb tidal shoal. Numerical simulations suggest that wave refraction over the ebb tidal shoal causes wave focusing toward a narrow region at Ocean Beach. Due to the resulting spatial variation in nearshore wave height, wave-induced setup exhibits a strong alongshore nonuniformity, resulting in a dramatic change in the pressure field compared to a simulation with only tidal forcing. The analysis of momentum balances inside the surf zone shows that, under wave conditions with intensive wave focusing, the alongshore pressure gradient associated with alongshore nonuniform wave setup can be a dominant force driving circulation, inducing heterogeneous alongshore currents. Pressure-gradient- forced alongshore currents can exhibit flow reversals and flow convergence or divergence, in contrast to the uniform alongshore currents typically caused by tides or homogeneous waves.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2010JC006788","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Shi, F., Hanes, D., Kirby, J., Erikson, L., Barnard, P., and Eshleman, J., 2011, Pressure-gradient-driven nearshore circulation on a beach influenced by a large inlet-tidal shoal system: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 116, no. C4, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006788.","productDescription":"18 p.","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215665,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006788"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Ocean Beach","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.568443,37.695373 ], [ -122.568443,37.853431 ], [ -122.451027,37.853431 ], [ -122.451027,37.695373 ], [ -122.568443,37.695373 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"C4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b60e4b0c8380cd7e228","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shi, F.","contributorId":46322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shi","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanes, D.M.","contributorId":22479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanes","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, J.T.","contributorId":79326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erikson, L.","contributorId":37165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barnard, P.","contributorId":18597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eshleman, J.","contributorId":58491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eshleman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034726,"text":"70034726 - 2011 - Fundamental studies on kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of hydrogen isotope fractionation in natural gas systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T11:39:27.797137","indexId":"70034726","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fundamental studies on kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of hydrogen isotope fractionation in natural gas systems","docAbstract":"Based on quantum chemistry calculations for normal octane homolytic cracking, a kinetic hydrogen isotope fractionation model for methane, ethane, and propane formation is proposed. The activation energy differences between D-substitute and non-substituted methane, ethane, and propane are 318.6, 281.7, and 280.2 cal/mol, respectively. In order to determine the effect of the entropy contribution for hydrogen isotopic substitution, a transition state for ethane bond rupture was determined based on density function theory (DFT) calculations. The kinetic isotope effect (KIE) associated with bond rupture in D and H substituted ethane results in a frequency factor ratio of 1.07. Based on the proposed mathematical model of hydrogen isotope fractionation, one can potentially quantify natural gas thermal maturity from measured hydrogen isotope values. Calculated gas maturity values determined by the proposed mathematical model using δD values in ethane from several basins in the world are in close agreement with similar predictions based on the δ13C composition of ethane. However, gas maturity values calculated from field data of methane and propane using both hydrogen and carbon kinetic isotopic models do not agree as closely. It is possible that δD values in methane may be affected by microbial mixing and that propane values might be more susceptible to hydrogen exchange with water or to analytical errors. Although the model used in this study is quite preliminary, the results demonstrate that kinetic isotope fractionation effects in hydrogen may be useful in quantitative models of natural gas generation, and that δD values in ethane might be more suitable for modeling than comparable values in methane and propane.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.016","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Ni, Y., Ma, Q., Ellis, G., Dai, J., Katz, B., Zhang, S., and Tang, Y., 2011, Fundamental studies on kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of hydrogen isotope fractionation in natural gas systems: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 75, no. 10, p. 2696-2707, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.016.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2696","endPage":"2707","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1419e4b0c8380cd548e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ni, Y.","contributorId":49204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ni","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ma, Q.","contributorId":78450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, G.S. 0000-0003-4519-3320","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":91064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"G.S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dai, J.","contributorId":21781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dai","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Katz, Brian","contributorId":33484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhang, S.","contributorId":51064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tang, Y.","contributorId":104199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034516,"text":"70034516 - 2011 - Diffuse Pacific-North American plate boundary: 1000 km of dextral shear inferred from modeling geodetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-20T12:10:44.717204","indexId":"70034516","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diffuse Pacific-North American plate boundary: 1000 km of dextral shear inferred from modeling geodetic data","docAbstract":"Geodetic measurements tell us that the eastern part of the Basin and Range Province expands in an east-west direction relative to stable North America, whereas the western part of the province moves to the northwest. We develop three-dimensional finite element representations of the western United States lithosphere in an effort to understand the global positioning system (GPS) signal. The models are constrained by known bounding-block velocities and topography, and Basin and Range Province deformation is represented by simple plastic (thermal creep) rheology. We show that active Basin and Range spreading by gravity collapse is expected to have a strong southward component that does not match the GPS signal. We can reconcile the gravitational component of displacement with observed velocity vectors if the Pacific plate applies northwest-directed shear stress to the Basin and Range via the Sierra Nevada block. This effect reaches at least 1000 km east of the San Andreas fault in our models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G32176.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., and Thatcher, W., 2011, Diffuse Pacific-North American plate boundary: 1000 km of dextral shear inferred from modeling geodetic data: Geology, v. 39, no. 10, p. 943-946, https://doi.org/10.1130/G32176.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"943","endPage":"946","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.46533203125,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -117.35595703124999,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -117.35595703124999,\n 40.896905775860006\n ],\n [\n -119.46533203125,\n 40.896905775860006\n ],\n [\n -119.46533203125,\n 38.92522904714054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a010de4b0c8380cd4fa8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034515,"text":"70034515 - 2011 - Large shift in source of fine sediment in the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-20T12:12:30.228932","indexId":"70034515","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large shift in source of fine sediment in the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Although sediment is a natural constituent of rivers, excess loading to rivers and streams is a leading cause of impairment and biodiversity loss. Remedial actions require identification of the sources and mechanisms of sediment supply. This task is complicated by the scale and complexity of large watersheds as well as changes in climate and land use that alter the drivers of sediment supply. Previous studies in Lake Pepin, a natural lake on the Mississippi River, indicate that sediment supply to the lake has increased 10-fold over the past 150 years. Herein we combine geochemical fingerprinting and a suite of geomorphic change detection techniques with a sediment mass balance for a tributary watershed to demonstrate that, although the sediment loading remains very large, the dominant source of sediment has shifted from agricultural soil erosion to accelerated erosion of stream banks and bluffs, driven by increased river discharge. Such hydrologic amplification of natural erosion processes calls for a new approach to watershed sediment modeling that explicitly accounts for channel and floodplain dynamics that amplify or dampen landscape processes. Further, this finding illustrates a new challenge in remediating nonpoint sediment pollution and indicates that management efforts must expand from soil erosion to factors contributing to increased water runoff.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es2019109","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Belmont, P., Gran, K., Schottler, S., Wilcock, P., Day, S., Jennings, C., Lauer, J., Viparelli, E., Willenbring, J., Engstrom, D., and Parker, G., 2011, Large shift in source of fine sediment in the upper Mississippi River: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 20, p. 8804-8810, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2019109.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8804","endPage":"8810","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4485e4b0c8380cd66b90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belmont, P.","contributorId":67322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belmont","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gran, K.B.","contributorId":44688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gran","given":"K.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schottler, S.P.","contributorId":20491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schottler","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilcock, P.R.","contributorId":36709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcock","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Day, S.S.","contributorId":42805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jennings, C.","contributorId":78536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lauer, J.W.","contributorId":104303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauer","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Viparelli, E.","contributorId":97344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viparelli","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Willenbring, J.K.","contributorId":107960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willenbring","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Engstrom, D.R.","contributorId":88496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engstrom","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Parker, G.","contributorId":31112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70034514,"text":"70034514 - 2011 - Responses of ecosystem carbon cycling to climate change treatments along an elevation gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-10T16:51:37","indexId":"70034514","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of ecosystem carbon cycling to climate change treatments along an elevation gradient","docAbstract":"Global temperature increases and precipitation changes are both expected to alter ecosystem carbon (C) cycling. We tested responses of ecosystem C cycling to simulated climate change using field manipulations of temperature and precipitation across a range of grass-dominated ecosystems along an elevation gradient in northern Arizona. In 2002, we transplanted intact plant–soil mesocosms to simulate warming and used passive interceptors and collectors to manipulate precipitation. We measured daytime ecosystem respiration (ER) and net ecosystem C exchange throughout the growing season in 2008 and 2009. Warming generally stimulated ER and photosynthesis, but had variable effects on daytime net C exchange. Increased precipitation stimulated ecosystem C cycling only in the driest ecosystem at the lowest elevation, whereas decreased precipitation showed no effects on ecosystem C cycling across all ecosystems. No significant interaction between temperature and precipitation treatments was observed. Structural equation modeling revealed that in the wetter-than-average year of 2008, changes in ecosystem C cycling were more strongly affected by warming-induced reduction in soil moisture than by altered precipitation. In contrast, during the drier year of 2009, warming induced increase in soil temperature rather than changes in soil moisture determined ecosystem C cycling. Our findings suggest that warming exerted the strongest influence on ecosystem C cycling in both years, by modulating soil moisture in the wet year and soil temperature in the dry year.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10021-011-9464-4","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Wu, Z., Koch, G.W., Dijkstra, P., Bowker, M.A., and Hungate, B.A., 2011, Responses of ecosystem carbon cycling to climate change treatments along an elevation gradient: Ecosystems, v. 14, no. 7, p. 1066-1080, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9464-4.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1066","endPage":"1080","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215857,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9464-4"},{"id":243688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.8166,31.3322 ], [ -114.8166,37.0043 ], [ -109.0452,37.0043 ], [ -109.0452,31.3322 ], [ -114.8166,31.3322 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"14","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa96e4b0c8380cd863fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Zhuoting 0000-0001-7393-1832 zwu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-1832","contributorId":4953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Zhuoting","email":"zwu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":498,"text":"Office of Land Remote Sensing (Geography)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koch, George W.","contributorId":7522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dijkstra, Paul","contributorId":28823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dijkstra","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":446155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hungate, Bruce A.","contributorId":100639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hungate","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034503,"text":"70034503 - 2011 - Century-scale variability in global annual runoff examined using a water balance model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T19:06:37.261724","indexId":"70034503","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Century-scale variability in global annual runoff examined using a water balance model","docAbstract":"A monthly water balance model (WB model) is used with CRUTS2.1 monthly temperature and precipitation data to generate time series of monthly runoff for all land areas of the globe for the period 1905 through 2002. Even though annual precipitation accounts for most of the temporal and spatial variability in annual runoff, increases in temperature have had an increasingly negative effect on annual runoff after 1980. Although the effects of increasing temperature on runoff became more apparent after 1980, the relative magnitude of these effects are small compared to the effects of precipitation on global runoff.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/joc.2198","issn":"08998418","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Wolock, D., 2011, Century-scale variability in global annual runoff examined using a water balance model: International Journal of Climatology, v. 31, no. 12, p. 1739-1748, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2198.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1739","endPage":"1748","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475168,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2198","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215711,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.2198"}],"volume":"31","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3f5e4b0c8380cd4ba58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034486,"text":"70034486 - 2011 - Lower crustal relaxation beneath the Tibetan Plateau and Qaidam Basin following the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T20:05:09.902462","indexId":"70034486","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lower crustal relaxation beneath the Tibetan Plateau and Qaidam Basin following the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake","docAbstract":"In 2001 November a magnitude 7.8 earthquake ruptured a 400 km long portion of the Kunlun fault, northeastern Tibet. In this study, we analyse over five years of post-seismic geodetic data and interpret the observed surface deformation in terms of stress relaxation in the thick Tibetan lower crust. We model GPS time-series (first year) and InSAR line of sight measurements (years two to five) and infer that the most likely mechanism of post-seismic stress relaxation is time-dependent distributed creep of viscoelastic material in the lower crust. Since a single relaxation time is not sufficient to model the observed deformation, viscous flow is modelled by a lower crustal Burgers rheology, which has two material relaxation times. The optimum model has a transient viscosity 9 × 1017 Pa s, steady-state viscosity 1 × 1019 Pa s and a ratio of long term to Maxwell shear modulus of 2:3. This model gives a good fit to GPS stations south of the Kunlun Fault, while displacements at stations north of the fault are over-predicted. We attribute this asymmetry in the GPS residual to lateral heterogeneity in rheological structure across the southern margin of the Qaidam Basin, with thinner crust/higher viscosities beneath the basin than beneath the Tibetan Plateau. Deep afterslip localized in a shear zone beneath the fault rupture gives a reasonable match to the observed InSAR data, but the slip model does not fit the earlier GPS data well. We conclude that while some localized afterslip likely occurred during the early post-seismic phase, the bulk of the observed deformation signal is due to viscous flow in the lower crust. To investigate regional variability in rheological structure, we also analyse post-seismic displacements following the 1997 Manyi earthquake that occurred 250 km west of the Kokoxili rupture. We find that viscoelastic properties are the same as for the Kokoxili area except for the transient viscosity, which is 5 × 1017 Pa s. The viscosities estimated for the Manyi and Kokoxili areas are consistent with constraints obtained from other earthquakes in the northwest and south central parts of the Tibetan Plateau.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05179.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Ryder, I., Burgmann, R., and Pollitz, F., 2011, Lower crustal relaxation beneath the Tibetan Plateau and Qaidam Basin following the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake: Geophysical Journal International, v. 187, no. 2, p. 613-630, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05179.x.","startPage":"613","endPage":"630","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475204,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.05179.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215941,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05179.x"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Tibetan Plateau and Qaidam Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 88.59374999999999,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n 96.9873046875,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n 96.9873046875,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n 88.59374999999999,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n 88.59374999999999,\n 35.137879119634185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"187","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a7ce4b0c8380cd68ddc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, I.","contributorId":11422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollitz, F.","contributorId":66449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}