{"pageNumber":"761","pageRowStart":"19000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46882,"records":[{"id":98053,"text":"sir20095206 - 2009 - Regional Curves of Bankfull Channel Geometry for Non-Urban Streams in the Piedmont Physiographic Province, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20095206","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5206","title":"Regional Curves of Bankfull Channel Geometry for Non-Urban Streams in the Piedmont Physiographic Province, Virginia","docAbstract":"Natural-channel design involves constructing a stream channel with the dimensions, slope, and plan-view pattern that would be expected to transport water and sediment and yet maintain habitat and aesthetics consistent with unimpaired stream segments, or reaches. Regression relations for bankfull stream characteristics based on drainage area, referred to as 'regional curves,' are used in natural stream channel design to verify field determinations of bankfull discharge and stream channel characteristics. One-variable, ordinary least-squares regressions relating bankfull discharge, bankfull cross-sectional area, bankfull width, bankfull mean depth, and bankfull slope to drainage area were developed on the basis of data collected at 17 streamflow-gaging stations in rural areas with less than 20 percent urban land cover within the basin area (non-urban areas) of the Piedmont Physiographic Province in Virginia. These regional curves can be used to estimate the bankfull discharge and bankfull channel geometry when the drainage area of a watershed is known.\r\n\r\nData collected included bankfull cross-sectional geometry, flood-plain geometry, and longitudinal profile data. In addition, particle-size distributions of streambed material were determined, and data on basin characteristics were compiled for each reach. Field data were analyzed to determine bankfull cross-sectional area, bankfull width, bankfull mean depth, bankfull discharge, bankfull channel slope, and D50 and D84 particle sizes at each site. The bankfull geometry from the 17 sites surveyed during this study represents the average of two riffle cross sections for each site. Regional curves developed for the 17 sites had coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.950 for bankfull cross-sectional area, 0.913 for bankfull width, 0.915 for bankfull mean depth, 0.949 for bankfull discharge, and 0.497 for bankfull channel slope. \r\n\r\nThe regional curves represent conditions for streams with defined channels and bankfull features in the Piedmont Physiographic Province in Virginia with drainage areas ranging from 0.29 to 111 square miles. All sites included in the development of the regional curves were located on streams with current or historical U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations. These curves can be used to verify bankfull features identified in the field and bankfull stage for ungaged streams in non-urban areas.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095206","isbn":"9781411326187","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Transportation Research Council","usgsCitation":"Lotspeich, R.R., 2009, Regional Curves of Bankfull Channel Geometry for Non-Urban Streams in the Piedmont Physiographic Province, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5206, vi, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095206.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p.","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5206.jpg"},{"id":13287,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5206/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,36 ], [ -81,40 ], [ -76.5,40 ], [ -76.5,36 ], [ -81,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c728","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lotspeich, Robert Russell 0000-0002-5572-9064 rlotspei@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-9064","contributorId":33404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lotspeich","given":"Robert","email":"rlotspei@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Russell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98054,"text":"sir20095235 - 2009 - Quality of Streams in Johnson County, Kansas, and Relations to Environmental Variables, 2003-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20095235","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5235","title":"Quality of Streams in Johnson County, Kansas, and Relations to Environmental Variables, 2003-07","docAbstract":"The quality of streams and relations to environmental variables in Johnson County, northeastern Kansas, were evaluated using water, streambed sediment, land use, streamflow, habitat, algal periphyton (benthic algae), and benthic macroinvertebrate data. Water, streambed sediment, and macroinvertebrate samples were collected in March 2007 during base flow at 20 stream sites that represent 11 different watersheds in the county. In addition, algal periphyton samples were collected twice (spring and summer 2007) at one-half of the sites. Environmental data including water and streambed-sediment chemistry data (primarily nutrients, fecal-indicator bacteria, and organic wastewater compounds), land use, streamflow, and habitat data were used in statistical analyses to evaluate relations between biological conditions and variables that may affect them. This report includes an evaluation of water and streambed-sediment chemistry, assessment of habitat conditions, comparison of biological community attributes (such as composition, diversity, and abundance) among sampling sites, placement of sampling sites into impairment categories, evaluation of biological data relative to environmental variables, and evaluation of changes in biological communities and effects of urbanization. This evaluation is useful for understanding factors that affect stream quality, for improving water-quality management programs, and for documenting changing conditions over time. The information will become increasingly important for protecting streams in the future as urbanization continues.\r\n\r\nResults of this study indicate that the biological quality at nearly all biological sampling sites in Johnson County has some level of impairment. Periphyton taxa generally were indicative of somewhat degraded conditions with small to moderate amounts of organic enrichment. Camp Branch in the Blue River watershed was the only site that met State criteria for full support of aquatic life in 2007. Since 2003, biological quality improved at one rural sampling site, possibly because of changes in wastewater affecting the site, and declined at three urban sites possibly because of the combined effects of ongoing development. Rural streams in the western and southern parts of the county, with land-use conditions similar to those found at the State reference site (Captain Creek), continue to support some organisms normally associated with healthy streams.\r\n\r\nSeveral environmental factors contribute to biological indicators of stream quality. The primary factor explaining biological quality at sites in Johnson County was the amount of urbanization upstream in the watershed. Specific conductance of stream water, which is a measure of dissolved solids in water and is determined primarily by the amount of groundwater contributing to streamflow, the amount of urbanization, and discharges from wastewater and industrial sites, was strongly negatively correlated with biological stream quality as indicated by macroinvertebrate metrics. Concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in streambed sediment also was negatively correlated with biological stream quality. Individual habitat variables that most commonly were positively correlated with biological indicators included stream sinuosity, buffer length, and substrate cover diversity. Riffle substrate embeddedness and sediment deposition commonly were negatively correlated with favorable metric scores. Statistical analysis indicated that specific conductance, impervious surface area (a measure of urbanization), and stream sinuosity explained 85 percent of the variance in macroinvertebrate communities.\r\n\r\nManagement practices affecting environmental variables that appear to be most important for Johnson County streams include protection of stream corridors, measures that reduce the effects of impervious surfaces associated with urbanization, reduction of dissolved solids in stream water, reduction of PAHs entering streams and ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095235","isbn":"9781411326170","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Johnson County Stormwater Management Program","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, T.J., Poulton, B.C., and Graham, J.L., 2009, Quality of Streams in Johnson County, Kansas, and Relations to Environmental Variables, 2003-07: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5235, viii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095235.","productDescription":"viii, 85 p.","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5235.jpg"},{"id":13288,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5235/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.08333333333333,38.666666666666664 ], [ -95.08333333333333,39.083333333333336 ], [ -94.58333333333333,39.083333333333336 ], [ -94.58333333333333,38.666666666666664 ], [ -95.08333333333333,38.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655104","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, Teresa J. 0000-0002-7023-3868 rasmuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-3868","contributorId":3336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Teresa","email":"rasmuss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poulton, Barry C. 0000-0002-7219-4911 bpoulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-4911","contributorId":2421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"Barry","email":"bpoulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98047,"text":"sir20095240 - 2009 - Concentrations, and estimated loads and yields of total nitrogen and total phosphorus at selected water-quality monitoring network stations in Kentucky, 1979-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-27T21:17:45.726514","indexId":"sir20095240","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5240","title":"Concentrations, and estimated loads and yields of total nitrogen and total phosphorus at selected water-quality monitoring network stations in Kentucky, 1979-2004","docAbstract":"<p>To evaluate the State’s water quality, the Kentucky Division of Water collects data from a statewide network of primary ambient stream water-quality monitoring stations and flexible, rotating watershed-monitoring stations. This ambient stream water-quality monitoring network program is directed to assess the conditions of surface waters throughout Kentucky. Water samples were collected monthly for the majority of the stations from 1979 to 1998, which represented agricultural, undeveloped (mainly forested), and areas of mixed land use/land cover. In 1998, the number of water samples collected was reduced to a collection frequency of six times per year (every 2 months) every 4 of 5 years, because a new monitoring network was implemented involving a 5-year rotating Basin Management Unit scheme of monitoring. This report presents the results of a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet–Kentucky Division of Water, to summarize concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus and provide estimates of total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads and yields in 55 selected streams in Kentucky’s ambient stream water-quality monitoring network, which was operated from 1979 through 2004.</p><p>Streams in predominately agricultural basins had higher concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) than streams in predominately undeveloped (forested) basins. Streams in basins in intensely developed karst areas characterized by caves, springs, sinkholes, and sinking streams had a higher median concentration of TN (1.5 milligrams per liter [mg/L]) than streams in basins with limited or no karst areas (0.63 mg/L). As with TN, median concentrations of TP also were higher in areas of intense karst (0.05 mg/L) than in areas with limited or no karst (0.02 mg/L).</p><p>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has recommended ecoregional nutrient water-quality criteria as a starting point for States to establish more precise numeric water-quality criteria for nutrients to protect aquatic life and recreational and other uses of rivers and streams. On the basis of the 25<sup>th</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>percentile of concentration data from reference stations aggregated by ecoregion, the USEPA established recommended water-quality criteria for TN and TP in the two Aggregated Ecoregions (IX and XI) in Kentucky waters. The 25<sup>th</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>percentile median values for TN and TP from this study exceeded the USEPA’s recommendations in both aggregated ecoregions in the agricultural and mixed land-use/land-cover basins, and for TN in the undeveloped land-use/land-cover basins in Aggregated Ecoregion XI. However, the 25<sup>th</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>percentile median values for TN (Aggregated Ecoregion IX) and TP in both aggregated ecoregions did not exceed the USEPA’s recommendations in the undeveloped land-use/land-cover basins.</p><p>Estimated loads and yields of TN and TP varied substantially among the individual stations. Estimated mean annual yields of TN ranged from 0.10 [tons per year per square mile (ton/yr)/mi<sup>2</sup>] to 7.2 (ton/yr)/mi<sup>2</sup>, and estimated mean annual yields of TP ranged from 0.02 (ton/yr)/mi<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 1.4 (ton/yr)/mi<sup>2</sup>. Estimated mean annual yields of TN and TP were generally highest at stations in predominately agricultural basins, and lowest at stations in undeveloped land-use/land-cover basins.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095240","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet-Kentucky Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Crain, A.S., and Martin, G.R., 2009, Concentrations, and estimated loads and yields of total nitrogen and total phosphorus at selected water-quality monitoring network stations in Kentucky, 1979-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5240, vi, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095240.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","temporalStart":"1974-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science 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,{"id":70207238,"text":"70207238 - 2009 - Methodology for an integrative assessment of China's ecological restoration programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T10:09:58","indexId":"70207238","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T14:53:27","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Methodology for an integrative assessment of China's ecological restoration programs","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">While research projects have been conducted to examine the impacts and effectiveness of China's ecological restoration programs, few of them represent integrated, systematic efforts. The objective of this chapter is thus to articulate and outline a methodology for an integrative assessment, which, we believe, should embrace both the environmental and socioeconomic changes and engage investigations at multiple scales. Further, these investigations should be pursued through interdisciplinary collaboration with expertise from ecology, economics, hydrology, and geospatial, climate, and land change sciences. We argue that the deployment of geospatial capability, the use of longitudinal data, and the connection between science and policy should be the hallmarks of an integrative assessment. We also describe our general approach and specific models to quantify the environmental and socioeconomic impacts induced by implementing the restoration programs, and address the issue of how to overcome the challenges in generating the data needed for executing various empirical tasks. We hope that the adoption and application of this methodology will make a valuable contribution to a more robust and timely assessment as well as implementation of the ecological restoration programs in and outside of China.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"An integrated assessment of China's ecological restoration programs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/978-90-481-2655-2_3","usgsCitation":"Yin, R., Rothstein, D., Qi, J., and Liu, S., 2009, Methodology for an integrative assessment of China's ecological restoration programs, chap. 3 <i>of</i> An integrated assessment of China's ecological restoration programs, p. 39-54, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2655-2_3.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"54","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[110.33919,18.6784],[109.47521,18.1977],[108.65521,18.50768],[108.62622,19.36789],[109.11906,19.82104],[110.2116,20.10125],[110.78655,20.07753],[111.01005,19.69593],[110.57065,19.25588],[110.33919,18.6784]]],[[[127.65741,49.76027],[129.39782,49.4406],[130.58229,48.72969],[130.98728,47.79013],[132.50667,47.78897],[133.3736,48.18344],[135.02631,48.47823],[134.50081,47.57844],[134.11236,47.21247],[133.76964,46.11693],[133.09713,45.14407],[131.88345,45.32116],[131.02521,44.96795],[131.28856,44.11152],[131.14469,42.92999],[130.63387,42.90301],[130.64002,42.39501],[129.99427,42.98539],[129.59667,42.42498],[128.05222,41.99428],[128.20843,41.46677],[127.34378,41.50315],[126.86908,41.81657],[126.18205,41.10734],[125.07994,40.56982],[124.26562,39.92849],[122.86757,39.63779],[122.13139,39.17045],[121.05455,38.89747],[121.58599,39.36085],[121.37676,39.75026],[122.1686,40.42244],[121.64036,40.94639],[120.76863,40.59339],[119.6396,39.89806],[119.02346,39.25233],[118.04275,39.20427],[117.5327,38.73764],[118.0597,38.06148],[118.87815,37.89733],[118.91164,37.44846],[119.7028,37.15639],[120.82346,37.87043],[121.71126,37.48112],[122.35794,37.45448],[122.51999,36.93061],[121.10416,36.65133],[120.63701,36.11144],[119.66456,35.60979],[119.15121,34.90986],[120.22752,34.36033],[120.62037,33.37672],[121.22901,32.46032],[121.90815,31.69217],[121.89192,30.94935],[121.26426,30.67627],[121.50352,30.14291],[122.09211,29.83252],[121.93843,29.01802],[121.68444,28.22551],[121.12566,28.13567],[120.39547,27.05321],[119.5855,25.74078],[118.65687,24.54739],[117.28161,23.6245],[115.89074,22.78287],[114.76383,22.66807],[114.15255,22.22376],[113.80678,22.54834],[113.24108,22.05137],[111.84359,21.55049],[110.78547,21.39714],[110.44404,20.34103],[109.88986,20.28246],[109.62766,21.00823],[109.86449,21.39505],[108.52281,21.71521],[108.05018,21.55238],[107.04342,21.8119],[106.56727,22.2182],[106.7254,22.79427],[105.81125,22.97689],[105.32921,23.35206],[104.47686,22.81915],[103.50451,22.70376],[102.70699,22.7088],[102.17044,22.46475],[101.65202,22.3182],[101.80312,21.17437],[101.27003,21.20165],[101.18001,21.43657],[101.15003,21.84998],[100.41654,21.55884],[99.98349,21.74294],[99.2409,22.11831],[99.53199,22.94904],[98.89875,23.14272],[98.66026,24.06329],[97.60472,23.8974],[97.72461,25.08364],[98.67184,25.9187],[98.71209,26.74354],[98.68269,27.50881],[98.24623,27.74722],[97.91199,28.33595],[97.32711,28.26158],[96.24883,28.41103],[96.58659,28.83098],[96.11768,29.4528],[95.4048,29.03172],[94.56599,29.27744],[93.41335,28.64063],[92.50312,27.89688],[91.69666,27.77174],[91.25885,28.04061],[90.73051,28.06495],[90.01583,28.29644],[89.47581,28.04276],[88.81425,27.29932],[88.73033,28.08686],[88.12044,27.87654],[86.95452,27.97426],[85.82332,28.20358],[85.01164,28.64277],[84.23458,28.83989],[83.89899,29.32023],[83.33712,29.46373],[82.32751,30.11527],[81.5258,30.42272],[81.11126,30.18348],[79.72137,30.88271],[78.73889,31.51591],[78.45845,32.61816],[79.17613,32.48378],[79.20889,32.99439],[78.81109,33.5062],[78.91227,34.32194],[77.83745,35.49401],[76.19285,35.8984],[75.8969,36.66681],[75.15803,37.13303],[74.98,37.41999],[74.82999,37.99001],[74.86482,38.37885],[74.25751,38.60651],[73.92885,38.50582],[73.67538,39.43124],[73.96001,39.66001],[73.82224,39.89397],[74.77686,40.36643],[75.46783,40.56207],[76.52637,40.42795],[76.90448,41.06649],[78.1872,41.18532],[78.54366,41.58224],[80.11943,42.12394],[80.25999,42.35],[80.18015,42.92007],[80.86621,43.18036],[79.96611,44.91752],[81.94707,45.31703],[82.45893,45.53965],[83.18048,47.33003],[85.16429,47.00096],[85.72048,47.45297],[85.76823,48.45575],[86.59878,48.54918],[87.35997,49.21498],[87.75126,49.2972],[88.01383,48.59946],[88.8543,48.06908],[90.28083,47.69355],[90.97081,46.88815],[90.58577,45.71972],[90.94554,45.28607],[92.13389,45.11508],[93.48073,44.97547],[94.68893,44.35233],[95.30688,44.24133],[95.76245,43.31945],[96.3494,42.72564],[97.45176,42.74889],[99.51582,42.52469],[100.84587,42.6638],[101.83304,42.51487],[103.31228,41.90747],[104.52228,41.90835],[104.96499,41.59741],[106.12932,42.13433],[107.74477,42.48152],[109.2436,42.51945],[110.4121,42.87123],[111.12968,43.40683],[111.82959,43.74312],[111.66774,44.07318],[111.34838,44.45744],[111.87331,45.10208],[112.43606,45.01165],[113.46391,44.80889],[114.46033,45.33982],[115.9851,45.72724],[116.71787,46.3882],[117.4217,46.67273],[118.87433,46.80541],[119.66327,46.69268],[119.77282,47.04806],[118.86657,47.74706],[118.06414,48.06673],[117.29551,47.69771],[116.30895,47.85341],[115.74284,47.72654],[115.48528,48.13538],[116.1918,49.1346],[116.6788,49.88853],[117.87924,49.51098],[119.28846,50.14288],[119.27937,50.58291],[120.18205,51.64357],[120.73819,51.96412],[1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R.","contributorId":221212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yin","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777395,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Yin, R.","contributorId":221212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yin","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rothstein, D.","contributorId":221213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rothstein","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qi, J.","contributorId":48718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70216673,"text":"70216673 - 2009 - Use of models and observations to assess trends in the 1950–2005 water balance and climate of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T19:26:38.997516","indexId":"70216673","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T13:22:45","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of models and observations to assess trends in the 1950–2005 water balance and climate of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 1‐dimensional surface energy balance model is applied to produce continuous simulations of daily lake evaporation of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon (UKL) for the period 1950–2005. The model is implemented using observed data from land‐based sites and rafts collected during 2005–2006. Progressively longer, temporally overlapping simulations are produced using observed forcing data sets from sites near UKL. Simulation of the entire 56 years is accomplished using forcing data derived from weather station data and a 1949–2007 regional climate simulation over western North America. Simulated mean annual evaporation for 1950–2005 is 1073 mm. The simulated evaporation estimates are an improvement over existing May–September pan‐derived estimates because the latter are not representative of annual evaporation rates and do not span the multidecadal period of interest over which climate‐driven interannual (and longer) variability is evident. Evaporation and the other components of the water balance display statistically significant trends over the past 56 years that are associated with changes in meteorological forcing over the lake and the radiative and moisture balances at higher elevations of the catchment. Trends in the basin are consistent with and imbedded in regional and hemispheric climate trends that have occurred over the last century.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007295","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., 2009, Use of models and observations to assess trends in the 1950–2005 water balance and climate of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 12, W12409, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007295.","productDescription":"W12409, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007295","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.79306030273438,\n              42.203090211380704\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.76971435546874,\n              42.40317854182803\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92901611328125,\n              42.67435857693381\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.08694458007812,\n              42.67536823702857\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.19406127929688,\n              42.48323834594139\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97296142578124,\n              42.29864315010169\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.88507080078125,\n              42.20105559753742\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.79306030273438,\n              42.203090211380704\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207226,"text":"70207226 - 2009 - Quantifying the spatial details of carbon sequestration potential and performance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-19T14:36:55.439039","indexId":"70207226","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T13:20:06","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"7","title":"Quantifying the spatial details of carbon sequestration potential and performance","docAbstract":"<p>Upscaling the spatial and temporal changes of carbon stocks and fluxes from sites to regions is challenging owing to the spatial and temporal variances and covariance of driving variables and the uncertainties in both the model and the input data. Although various modeling approaches have been developed to facilitate the upscaling process, few deal with error transfer from model input to output, and error propagation in time and space. The author has developed the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modelling System (GEMS) for upscaling carbon stocks and fluxes from sites to regions with measures of uncertainty. This chapter describes the GEMS model, its application to regional- and larger-scale areas, and the new results that demonstrate the challenges of upscaling. GEMS relies on site-scale biogeochemical models to simulate carbon dynamics at the site scale. The spatial deployment of the site-scale model in GEMS is based on the spatial and temporal joint frequency distribution of major driving variables (e.g., land cover and land use change, climate, soils, disturbances, and management). At the site scale, GEMS uses stochastic ensemble simulations to incorporate input uncertainty to quantify uncertainty transfer from input to output, and to identify trends in both input data and simulation results. It permits one to simulate the range of possible permutations of input values and identify the trends and variance in both the input data and results. Using data assimilation techniques, GEMS simulations can be constrained by field and satellite observations, including estimates of net primary production (NPP) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), grain yield and cropping practices, and forest inventories. The modeling philosophy embedded in GEMS makes it ideal for assimilating information with various uncertainties to support estimating the spatial details of carbon sequestration potential as well as dynamic monitoring of the performance of carbon sequestration activities over large areas. As a case study, GEMS is applied to simulate the spatial and temporal details of carbon sources, sinks, and uncertainty in the Ridge and Valley ecoregion in the eastern United States</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Carbon sequestration and its role in the global carbon cycle","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2006GM000524","usgsCitation":"Liu, S., 2009, Quantifying the spatial details of carbon sequestration potential and performance, chap. 7 <i>of</i> Carbon sequestration and its role in the global carbon cycle, p. 117-128, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GM000524.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"128","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McPherson, B.","contributorId":86593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777351,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sundquist, Eric T. 0000-0002-1449-8802 esundqui@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1449-8802","contributorId":1922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundquist","given":"Eric","email":"esundqui@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777352,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":149250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98042,"text":"ofr20091252 - 2009 - Sediment-hosted zinc-lead deposits of the world— Database and grade and tonnage models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T19:09:47.57765","indexId":"ofr20091252","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1252","title":"Sediment-hosted zinc-lead deposits of the world— Database and grade and tonnage models","docAbstract":"This report provides information on sediment-hosted zinc-lead mineral deposits based on the geologic settings that are observed on regional geologic maps. The foundation of mineral-deposit models is information about known deposits. The purpose of this publication is to make this kind of information available in digital form for sediment-hosted zinc-lead deposits. \r\n\r\nMineral-deposit models are important in exploration planning and quantitative resource assessments: Grades and tonnages among deposit types are significantly different, and many types occur in different geologic settings that can be identified from geologic maps. Mineral-deposit models are the keystone in combining the diverse geoscience information on geology, mineral occurrences, geophysics, and geochemistry used in resource assessments and mineral exploration. Too few thoroughly explored mineral deposits are available in most local areas for reliable identification of the important geoscience variables, or for robust estimation of undiscovered deposits - thus, we need mineral-deposit models. Globally based deposit models allow recognition of important features because the global models demonstrate how common different features are. Well-designed and -constructed deposit models allow geologists to know from observed geologic environments the possible mineral-deposit types that might exist, and allow economists to determine the possible economic viability of these resources in the region. Thus, mineral-deposit models play the central role in transforming geoscience information to a form useful to policy makers. \r\n\r\nThis publication contains a computer file of information on sediment-hosted zinc-lead deposits from around the world. It also presents new grade and tonnage models for nine types of these deposits and a file allowing locations of all deposits to be plotted in Google Earth. The data are presented in FileMaker Pro, Excel and text files to make the information available to as many as possible. The value of this information and any derived analyses depends critically on the consistent manner of data gathering. For this reason, we first discuss the rules applied in this compilation. Next, the fields of the data file are considered. Finally, we provide new grade and tonnage models that are, for the most part, based on a classification of deposits using observable geologic units from regional-scaled maps.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091252","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C., 2009, Sediment-hosted zinc-lead deposits of the world— Database and grade and tonnage models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1252, v, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091252.","productDescription":"v, 62 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":660,"text":"Western Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388249,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_89328.htm"},{"id":13256,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1252/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1252.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47e3e4b07f02db4baf06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, Vladimir I.","contributorId":15246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moring, Barry C. 0000-0001-6797-9258 moring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-9258","contributorId":2794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"Barry","email":"moring@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98035,"text":"ds452 - 2009 - Groundwater quality data for the northern Sacramento Valley, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-20T21:52:01.334436","indexId":"ds452","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"452","title":"Groundwater quality data for the northern Sacramento Valley, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater quality in the approximately 1,180-square-mile Northern Sacramento Valley study unit (REDSAC) was investigated in October 2007 through January 2008 as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001, and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).</p><p>The study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of the quality of raw groundwater used for public water supplies within REDSAC and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of groundwater quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 66 wells in Shasta and Tehama Counties. Forty-three of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study area (grid wells), and 23 were selected to aid in evaluation of specific water-quality issues (understanding wells).</p><p>The groundwater samples were analyzed for a large number of synthetic organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOC], pesticides and pesticide degradates, and pharmaceutical compounds), constituents of special interest (perchlorate and N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA]), naturally occurring inorganic constituents (nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements), radioactive constituents, and microbial constituents. Naturally occurring isotopes (tritium, and carbon-14, and stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen in nitrate, stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen of water), and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled ground water. In total, over 275 constituents and field water-quality indicators were investigated.</p><p>Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and sampmatrix spikes) were collected at approximately 8 to 11 percent of the wells, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data obtained from the groundwater samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination was not a noticeable source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. Differences between replicate samples were within acceptable ranges for nearly all compounds, indicating acceptably low variability. Matrix-spike recoveries were within acceptable ranges for most compounds.</p><p>This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, raw groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, or blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to water that is served to the consumer, not to raw ground water. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw groundwater were compared with regulatory and nonregulatory health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and with aesthetic and technical thresholds established by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and drinking-water thresholds are for illustrative purposes only and do not indicate compliance or noncompliance with those thresholds.</p><p>The concentrations of most constituents detected in groundwater samples from REDSAC were below drinking-water thresholds. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) and pesticides were detected in less than one-quarter of the samples and were generally less than a hundredth of any health-based thresholds. NDMA was detected in one grid well above the NL-CA. Concentrations of all nutrients and trace elements in samples from REDSAC wells were below the health-based thresholds except those of arsenic in three samples, which were above the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US). However, none of these wells were public-supply wells. Concentrations of all radioactive constituents were below health-based thresholds except radon-222, which was detected above the proposed MCL-US of 300 pCi/L in samples from 11 grid wells. Most of the samples from REDSAC wells had concentrations of major elements, total dissolved solids, and trace elements below the non-enforceable thresholds set for aesthetic or technical concerns. A few samples contained iron, manganese, or pH at levels above the SMCL-CA or SMCL-US thresholds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds452","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board; A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program","usgsCitation":"Bennett, P., Bennett, G.L., and Belitz, K., 2009, Groundwater quality data for the northern Sacramento Valley, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 452, x, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds452.","productDescription":"x, 91 p.","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-01-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_452.jpg"},{"id":404175,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_88758.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13251,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/452/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"northern Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.6272,\n              39.8914\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9456,\n              39.8914\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9456,\n              40.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6272,\n              40.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6272,\n              39.8914\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a1a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, Peter A.","contributorId":25824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Peter A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, George L. V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98036,"text":"ofr20091271 - 2009 - Mineral-resource assessment of northern Nye County, Nevada— A progress report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-27T18:38:21.0262","indexId":"ofr20091271","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1271","title":"Mineral-resource assessment of northern Nye County, Nevada— A progress report","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), and Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology (NBMG), which is a part of the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR), have completed the first year of data collection and analysis in preparation for a new mineral- and energy-resource assessment of northern Nye County, Nevada. This report provides information about work completed before October 1, 2009. \r\n\r\nExisting data are being compiled, including geology, geochemistry, geophysics, and mineral-deposit information. Field studies are underway, which are primarily designed to address issues raised during the review of existing information. In addition, new geochemical studies are in progress, including reanalyzing existing stream-sediment samples with modern methods, and analyzing metalliferous black shales.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091271","usgsCitation":"Ludington, S., John, D.A., Muntean, J.L., Hanson, A.D., Castor, S.B., Henry, C., Wintzer, N., Cline, J.S., and Simon, A.C., 2009, Mineral-resource assessment of northern Nye County, Nevada— A progress report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1271, ii, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091271.","productDescription":"ii, 13 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":660,"text":"Western Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13265,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1271/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388604,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_89327.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119,37 ], [ -119,40 ], [ -114.5,40 ], [ -114.5,37 ], [ -119,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3238","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muntean, John L.","contributorId":27572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muntean","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanson, Andrew D.","contributorId":86867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Castor, Stephen B.","contributorId":57950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castor","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Henry, Christopher D.","contributorId":36556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wintzer, Niki 0000-0003-3085-435X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3085-435X","contributorId":60736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wintzer","given":"Niki","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cline, Jean S.","contributorId":83628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cline","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Simon, Adam C.","contributorId":27573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":98037,"text":"ofr20091246 - 2009 - Holocene core logs and site statistics for modern patch-reef cores: Biscayne National Park, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-18T15:40:51","indexId":"ofr20091246","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1246","title":"Holocene core logs and site statistics for modern patch-reef cores: Biscayne National Park, Florida","docAbstract":"The bedrock in Biscayne National Park (BNP), a 1,730-square kilometer (km2) region off southeast Florida, consists of Pleistocene (1.8 million years ago (Ma) to 10,000 years ago (ka)) and Holocene (10 ka to present) carbonate rocks (Enos and Perkins, 1977; Halley and others, 1997; Multer and others, 2002). Most of the surficial limestone in BNP, including the islands of the Florida Keys, was formed at ~125 ka during the highstand of marine oxygen-isotope substage 5e, when sea level was approximately 6 meters (m) higher than today (Chappell and Shackleton, 1986; Multer and others, 2002; Lidz and others, 2003; Siddall and others, 2003; Balsillie and Donoghue, 2004). During the substage-5e regression, the entire Florida Platform became exposed. Subaerial exposure lasted for approximately 115,000 years (kyr), which resulted in erosion and enhancement of karst-like features (Lidz and others, 2006). As the Holocene transgression began to flood the Florida shelf ~7 to 6 ka, the bedrock depression under Biscayne Bay began to flood, and Holocene coral and reef debris laid the foundation for the present reef system (Enos and Perkins, 1977; Lighty and others, 1982; Toscano and Macintyre, 2003; Lidz and others, 2006).\r\n\r\nMore than 3,000 patch reefs exist within the BNP boundary. Most contain hermatypic corals of various species such as those belonging to Montastrea, Diploria, Siderastrea, Porites, Acropora, and Agaricia. Patch reefs within BNP have two morphologies: pinnacle and flat top. Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) data collected along the offshore BNP coral reef tract show that these two morphologies are clearly defined both in the high-resolution bathymetry maps produced by the Lidar data and by statistical analyses of the Lidar dataset (Brock and others, 2008). Brock and others (2008) also show that the pinnacle patch reefs are deeper than the more shallow, broad, and flat patch reefs. The control for these two patch-reef morphologies is unclear; however, their shapes may be due to a slightly lowered sea level or a stillstand in the middle-Holocene around 4 ka that caused erosion of the shallower reefs and allowed the deeper reefs to remain unaffected. Lidz and others (2006) have suggested a stillstand around 4 ka that carved a 2.5-kilometer (km)-wide nearshore rock ledge into the seaward side of every island in the Florida Keys.\r\n\r\nThe objectives of this study were to sample living corals to understand the more recent (<200 years) changes in climate and environmental conditions of the area and to investigate the Holocene (in this case, <8,000 years in the Florida Keys) depositional history at progressively deeper patch-reef sites. This report provides statistics for the cores and core sites and a basic lithologic description of these Holocene cores.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091246","usgsCitation":"Reich, C.D., Hickey, T.D., DeLong, K.L., Poore, R.Z., and Brock, J., 2009, Holocene core logs and site statistics for modern patch-reef cores: Biscayne National Park, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1246, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091246.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":575,"text":"St. Petersburg Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1246.jpg"},{"id":13252,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1246/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.66666666666667,25.166666666666668 ], [ -80.66666666666667,25.75 ], [ -80,25.75 ], [ -80,25.166666666666668 ], [ -80.66666666666667,25.166666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bfb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reich, Christopher D. 0000-0002-2534-1456 creich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-1456","contributorId":900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"Christopher","email":"creich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickey, T. Don","contributorId":49066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Don","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeLong, Kristine L.","contributorId":19249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98040,"text":"sir20095146 - 2009 - Development, Testing, and Application of a Coupled Hydrodynamic Surface-Water/Groundwater Model (FTLOADDS) with Heat and Salinity Transport in the Ten Thousand Islands/Picayune Strand Restoration Project Area, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:53","indexId":"sir20095146","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5146","title":"Development, Testing, and Application of a Coupled Hydrodynamic Surface-Water/Groundwater Model (FTLOADDS) with Heat and Salinity Transport in the Ten Thousand Islands/Picayune Strand Restoration Project Area, Florida","docAbstract":"A numerical model application was developed for the coastal area inland of the Ten Thousand Islands (TTI) in southwestern Florida using the Flow and Transport in a Linked Overland/Aquifer Density-Dependent System (FTLOADDS) model. This model couples a two-dimensional dynamic surface-water model with a three-dimensional groundwater model, and has been applied to several locations in southern Florida. The model application solves equations for salt transport in groundwater and surface water, and also simulates surface-water temperature using a newly enhanced heat transport algorithm. One of the purposes of the TTI application is to simulate hydrologic factors that relate to habitat suitability for the West Indian Manatee. Both salinity and temperature have been shown to be important factors for manatee survival. The inland area of the TTI domain is the location of the Picayune Strand Restoration Project, which is designed to restore predevelopment hydrology through the filling and plugging of canals, construction of spreader channels, and the construction of levees and pump stations. The effects of these changes are simulated to determine their effects on manatee habitat.\r\n\r\nThe TTI application utilizes a large amount of input data for both surface-water and groundwater flow simulations. These data include topography, frictional resistance, atmospheric data including rainfall and air temperature, aquifer properties, and boundary conditions for tidal levels, inflows, groundwater heads, and salinities. Calibration was achieved by adjusting the parameters having the largest uncertainty: surface-water inflows, the surface-water transport dispersion coefficient, and evapotranspiration. A sensitivity analysis did not indicate that further parameter changes would yield an overall improvement in simulation results. The agreement between field data from GPS-tracked manatees and TTI application results demonstrates that the model can predict the salinity and temperature fluctuations which affect manatee behavior. Comparison of the existing conditions simulation with the simulation incorporating restoration changes indicated that the restoration would increase the period of inundation for most of the coastal wetlands. Generally, surface-water salinity was lowered by restoration changes in most of the wetlands areas, especially during the early dry season. However, the opposite pattern was observed in the primary canal habitat for manatees, namely, the Port of the Islands. Salinities at this location tended to be moderately elevated during the dry season, and unchanged during the wet season. Water temperatures were in close agreement between the existing conditions and restoration simulations, although minimum temperatures at the Port of the Islands were slightly higher in the restoration simulation as a result of the additional surface-water ponding and warming that occurs in adjacent wetlands.\r\n\r\nThe TTI application output was used to generate salinity and temperature time series for comparison to manatee field tracking data and an individually-based manatee-behavior model. Overlaying field data with salinity and temperature results from the TTI application reflects the effect of warm water availability and the periodic need for low-salinity drinking water on manatee movements. The manatee-behavior model uses the TTI application data at specific model nodes along the main manatee travel corridors to determine manatee migration patterns. The differences between the existing conditions and restoration scenarios can then be compared for manatee refugia. The TTI application can be used to test a variety of hydrologic conditions and their effect on important criteria.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095146","isbn":"9781411325975","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystems Science Initiative","usgsCitation":"Swain, E.D., and Decker, J.D., 2009, Development, Testing, and Application of a Coupled Hydrodynamic Surface-Water/Groundwater Model (FTLOADDS) with Heat and Salinity Transport in the Ten Thousand Islands/Picayune Strand Restoration Project Area, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5146, viii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095146.","productDescription":"viii, 42 p.","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5146.jpg"},{"id":13254,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.75,25.916666666666668 ], [ -81.75,26.166666666666668 ], [ -81.41666666666667,26.166666666666668 ], [ -81.41666666666667,25.916666666666668 ], [ -81.75,25.916666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Decker, Jeremy D. 0000-0002-0700-515X jdecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0700-515X","contributorId":514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"Jeremy","email":"jdecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98033,"text":"sir20095158 - 2009 - Magnitude and Frequency of Rural Floods in the Southeastern United States, through 2006: Volume 2, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-04T10:58:36.484661","indexId":"sir20095158","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5158","title":"Magnitude and Frequency of Rural Floods in the Southeastern United States, through 2006: Volume 2, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Reliable estimates of the magnitude and frequency of floods are required for the economical and safe design of transportation and water-conveyance structures. A multistate approach was used to update methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in rural, ungaged basins in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia that are not substantially affected by regulation, tidal fluctuations, or urban development. In North Carolina, annual peak-flow data available through September 2006 were available for 584 sites; 402 of these sites had a total of 10 or more years of systematic record that is required for at-site, flood-frequency analysis. Following data reviews and the computation of 20 physical and climatic basin characteristics for each station as well as at-site flood-frequency statistics, annual peak-flow data were identified for 363 sites in North Carolina suitable for use in this analysis. Among these 363 sites, 19 sites had records that could be divided into unregulated and regulated/ channelized annual peak discharges, which means peak-flow records were identified for a total of 382 cases in North Carolina. Considering the 382 cases, at-site flood-frequency statistics are provided for 333 unregulated cases (also used for the regression database) and 49 regulated/channelized cases. The flood-frequency statistics for the 333 unregulated sites were combined with data for sites from South Carolina, Georgia, and adjacent parts of Alabama, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia to create a database of 943 sites considered for use in the regional regression analysis.\r\n\r\nFlood-frequency statistics were computed by fitting logarithms (base 10) of the annual peak flows to a log-Pearson Type III distribution. As part of the computation process, a new generalized skew coefficient was developed by using a Bayesian generalized least-squares regression model.\r\n\r\nExploratory regression analyses using ordinary least-squares regression completed on the initial database of 943 sites resulted in defining five hydrologic regions for North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Stations with drainage areas less than 1 square mile were removed from the database, and a procedure to examine for basin redundancy (based on drainage area and periods of record) also resulted in the removal of some stations from the regression database.\r\n\r\nFlood-frequency estimates and basin characteristics for 828 gaged stations were combined to form the final database that was used in the regional regression analysis. Regional regression analysis, using generalized least-squares regression, was used to develop a set of predictive equations that can be used for estimating the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent chance exceedance flows for rural ungaged, basins in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The final predictive equations are all functions of drainage area and the percentage of drainage basin within each of the five hydrologic regions. Average errors of prediction for these regression equations range from 34.0 to 47.7 percent.\r\n\r\nDischarge estimates determined from the systematic records for the current study are, on average, larger in magnitude than those from a previous study for the highest percent chance exceedances (50 and 20 percent) and tend to be smaller than those from the previous study for the lower percent chance exceedances when all sites are considered as a group. For example, mean differences for sites in the Piedmont hydrologic region range from positive 0.5 percent for the 50-percent chance exceedance flow to negative 4.6 percent for the 0.2-percent chance exceedance flow when stations are grouped by hydrologic region. Similarly for the same hydrologic region, median differences range from positive 0.9 percent for the 50-percent chance exceedance flow to negative 7.1 percent for the 0.2-percent chance exceedance flow. However, mean and median percentage differences between the estimates from the previous and curre","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095158","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Transportation, Division of Highways (Hydraulics Unit) and the North Carolina Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, Division of Emergency Management (Floodplain Mapping Program)","usgsCitation":"Weaver, J., Feaster, T., and Gotvald, A.J., 2009, Magnitude and Frequency of Rural Floods in the Southeastern United States, through 2006: Volume 2, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5158, Report: vi, 113 p.; Downloadable Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095158.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 113 p.; Downloadable Files","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125618,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5158.jpg"},{"id":416654,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235006","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5006","linkHelpText":"- <strong><em>The methods and statistics from SIR 2009–5158 have been updated in SIR 2023–5006.</em></strong>"},{"id":13249,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.5,30 ], [ -85.5,38.5 ], [ -74.5,38.5 ], [ -74.5,30 ], [ -85.5,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6494db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, J. Curtis","contributorId":42260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"J. Curtis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gotvald, Anthony J. 0000-0002-9019-750X agotvald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-750X","contributorId":1970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotvald","given":"Anthony","email":"agotvald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98031,"text":"ofr20091110 - 2009 - Helicopter Electromagnetic and Magnetic Geophysical Survey Data for Portions of the North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek, Nebraska, June 2008","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":98031,"text":"ofr20091110 - 2009 - Helicopter Electromagnetic and Magnetic Geophysical Survey Data for Portions of the North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek, Nebraska, June 2008","indexId":"ofr20091110","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Helicopter Electromagnetic and Magnetic Geophysical Survey Data for Portions of the North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek, Nebraska, June 2008"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":98928,"text":"ofr20101259 - 2010 - Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, portions of the North Platte and South Platte Natural Resources Districts, western Nebraska, May 2009","indexId":"ofr20101259","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, portions of the North Platte and South Platte Natural Resources Districts, western Nebraska, May 2009"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":98928,"text":"ofr20101259 - 2010 - Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, portions of the North Platte and South Platte Natural Resources Districts, western Nebraska, May 2009","indexId":"ofr20101259","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, portions of the North Platte and South Platte Natural Resources Districts, western Nebraska, May 2009"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"ofr20091110","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1110","title":"Helicopter Electromagnetic and Magnetic Geophysical Survey Data for Portions of the North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek, Nebraska, June 2008","docAbstract":"This report is a release of digital data from a helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic survey that was conducted during June 2008 in areas of western Nebraska as part of a joint hydrologic study by the North Platte Natural Resource District, South Platte Natural Resource District, and U.S. Geological Survey. The objective of the contracted survey, conducted by Fugro Airborne, Ltd., was to improve the understanding of the relationship between surface water and groundwater systems critical to developing groundwater models used in management programs for water resources. The survey covered 1,375 line km (854 line mi). A unique aspect of this survey is the flight line layout. One set of flight lines were flown paralleling each side of the east-west trending North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek. The survey also included widely separated (10 km) perpendicular north-south lines. The success of this survey design depended on a well understood regional hydrogeologic framework and model developed by the Cooperative Hydrologic Study of the Platte River Basin. Resistivity variations along lines could be related to this framework. In addition to these lines, more traditional surveys consisting of parallel flight lines separated by about 270 m were carried out for one block in each of the drainages. These surveys helped to establish the spatial variations of the resistivity of hydrostratigraphic units. The electromagnetic equipment consisted of six different coil-pair orientations that measured resistivity at separated frequencies from about 400 Hz to about 140,000 Hz. The electromagnetic data along flight lines were converted to electrical resistivity. The resulting line data were converted to geo-referenced grids and maps which are included with this report. In addition to the electromagnetic data, total field magnetic data and digital elevation data were collected. Data released in this report consist of data along flight lines, digital grids, and digital maps of the apparent resistivity and total magnetic field. The depth range of the subsurface investigation for the electromagnetic survey (estimated as deep as 60 m) is comparable to the depth of shallow aquifers. The geophysical data and hydrologic information from U.S. Geological Survey and cooperator studies are being used by resource managers to develop groundwater resource plans for the area. In addition, data will be used to refine hydrologic models in western Nebraska.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091110","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resource District, South Platte Natural Resource District, and the Nebraska Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., Abraham, J., Cannia, J.C., and Hill, P., 2009, Helicopter Electromagnetic and Magnetic Geophysical Survey Data for Portions of the North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek, Nebraska, June 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1110, Report: 27 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091110.","productDescription":"Report: 27 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-06-01","temporalEnd":"2008-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1110.jpg"},{"id":13247,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.25,41 ], [ -104.25,42.25 ], [ -102,42.25 ], [ -102,41 ], [ -104.25,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63606f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abraham, Jared D.","contributorId":42630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannia, James C.","contributorId":94356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, Patricia","contributorId":65160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98030,"text":"ofr20091261 - 2009 - The Ecology of Parasite-Host Interactions at Montezuma Well National Monument, Arizona - Appreciating the Importance of Parasites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:54:23","indexId":"ofr20091261","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1261","title":"The Ecology of Parasite-Host Interactions at Montezuma Well National Monument, Arizona - Appreciating the Importance of Parasites","docAbstract":"Although parasites play important ecological roles through the direct interactions they have with their hosts, historically that fact has been underappreciated. Today, scientists have a growing appreciation of the scope of such impacts. Parasites have been reported to dominate food webs, alter predator-prey relationships, act as ecosystem engineers, and alter community structure. In spite of this growing awareness in the scientific community, parasites are still often neglected in the consideration of the management and conservation of resources and ecosystems. Given that at least half of the organisms on earth are probably parasitic, it should be evident that the ecological functions of parasites warrant greater attention. \r\n\r\nIn this report, we explore different aspects of parasite-host relationships found at a desert spring pond within Montezuma Well National Monument, Arizona. In three separate but related chapters, we explore interactions between a novel amphipod host and two parasites. First, we identify how host behavior responds to this association and how this association affects interactions with both invertebrate non-host predators and a vertebrate host predator. Second, we look at the human dimension, investigating how human recreation can indirectly affect patterns of disease by altering patterns of vertebrate host space use. Finally - because parasites and diseases are of increasing importance in the management of wildlife species, especially those that are imperiled or of management concern - the third chapter argues that research would benefit from increased attention to the statistical analysis of wildlife disease studies. This report also explores issues of statistical parasitology, providing information that may better inform those designing research projects and analyzing data from studies of wildlife disease. \r\n\r\nIn investigating the nature of parasite-host interactions, the role that relationships play in ecological communities, and how human activities alter these associations, scientists usually make inferences by methods of statistical hypotheses testing. This type of hypothesis testing places additional importance on the analysis and interpretation of parasite-host interactions. We address these ideas in this report, focusing on the following questions: (1) How do two parasites with complex life cycles alter the behavior of a novel amphipod host, and how do host and non-host predators respond to infected amphipod prey? (2) Does human recreation affect spatial patterns of infection in an otherwise natural ecosystem? (3) How is hypothesis-testing applied in studies of wildlife disease? (4) What conclusions can we make about the relative usefulness of these methodologies? and (5) How can the analysis and interpretation of wildlife disease studies be improved? Each chapter of this report contains its own literature-cited section, with tables included in appendixes at the end of the full report.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091261","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Arizona","usgsCitation":"O’Brien, C., and van Riper, C., 2009, The Ecology of Parasite-Host Interactions at Montezuma Well National Monument, Arizona - Appreciating the Importance of Parasites: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1261, iv, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091261.","productDescription":"iv, 56 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1261.jpg"},{"id":13244,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1261/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.8,34.7 ], [ -111.8,37.6 ], [ -111.7,37.6 ], [ -111.7,34.7 ], [ -111.8,34.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Brien, Chris","contributorId":57176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98024,"text":"sir20095238 - 2009 - Relation Between Flow and Dissolved Oxygen in the Roanoke River Between Roanoke Rapids and Jamesville, North Carolina, 1998-2005","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":98024,"text":"sir20095238 - 2009 - Relation Between Flow and Dissolved Oxygen in the Roanoke River Between Roanoke Rapids and Jamesville, North Carolina, 1998-2005","indexId":"sir20095238","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Relation Between Flow and Dissolved Oxygen in the Roanoke River Between Roanoke Rapids and Jamesville, North Carolina, 1998-2005"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":9001039,"text":"sir20115040 - 2011 - Relation between flows and dissolved oxygen in the Roanoke River between Roanoke Rapids Dam and Jamesville, North Carolina, 2005-2009","indexId":"sir20115040","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Relation between flows and dissolved oxygen in the Roanoke River between Roanoke Rapids Dam and Jamesville, North Carolina, 2005-2009"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":9001039,"text":"sir20115040 - 2011 - Relation between flows and dissolved oxygen in the Roanoke River between Roanoke Rapids Dam and Jamesville, North Carolina, 2005-2009","indexId":"sir20115040","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Relation between flows and dissolved oxygen in the Roanoke River between Roanoke Rapids Dam and Jamesville, North Carolina, 2005-2009"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:26:14","indexId":"sir20095238","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5238","title":"Relation Between Flow and Dissolved Oxygen in the Roanoke River Between Roanoke Rapids and Jamesville, North Carolina, 1998-2005","docAbstract":"Understanding the relation between dam release characteristics and downstream water quality in the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina, is important for natural-resource management and ecosystem protection. Data from four raingages, four water-quality monitoring sites, and one streamflow-measurement site were used to identify statistical relations and discernible quantitative or qualitative patterns linking Roanoke River instream dissolved-oxygen (DO) levels to releases at Roanoke Rapids Dam for the period 1998-2005.\n\nThe time-series DO data, complicated by the occurrence of major hurricanes in the short period of hourly DO data collection at the dam, present a mixed picture of the effects of hydropower peaking (a technique used by hydropower dam operators to produce electricity when consumption is high by passing a large volume of water through the dam turbines, which dramatically increases the volume of flow below the dam) on downstream DO. Other than in 2003 when dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the Roanoke River were likely affected by runoff from Hurricane Isabel rains, there were not consistent, statistically significant differences detected in the annual medians of hourly and(or) daily DO values during peaking versus nonpeaking periods.\n\nAlong the Roanoke River, downstream of Roanoke Rapids Dam at Oak City, North Carolina, using a 95-percent confidence interval, the median value of the May-November daily mean DO concentrations for each year was lower during peaking periods for 2 years, higher for 2 years, and not significantly different for 4 years. Downstream at Jamesville, North Carolina, also using a 95-percent confidence interval, the median value of the annual May-November daily mean DO concentrations during hydropower peaking was lower for 4 years, higher for 2 years, and not significantly different for 2 years. In summary, the effect of hydropower peaking on downstream DO was inconsistent. Conversely, large precipitation events downstream from the dam resulted in consistent, statistically significant decreases in DO in the mainstem of the Roanoke River at Oak City and Jamesville.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095238","collaboration":"The PDF for the publication has been withdrawn","usgsCitation":"Wehmeyer, L.L., and Bales, J.D., 2009, Relation Between Flow and Dissolved Oxygen in the Roanoke River Between Roanoke Rapids and Jamesville, North Carolina, 1998-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5238, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095238.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5238.jpg"},{"id":13222,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Jamesville, Roanoke Rapids","otherGeospatial":"Roanoke River ","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,35 ], [ -81,37.5 ], [ -75.5,37.5 ], [ -75.5,35 ], [ -81,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634c9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wehmeyer, Loren L.","contributorId":90412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehmeyer","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98020,"text":"ofr20091258 - 2009 - A preliminary, full spectrum, magnetic anomaly grid of the United States with improved long wavelengths for studying continental dynamics:  A website for distribution of data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-03T13:47:25.78788","indexId":"ofr20091258","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1258","title":"A preliminary, full spectrum, magnetic anomaly grid of the United States with improved long wavelengths for studying continental dynamics:  A website for distribution of data","docAbstract":"Under an initiative started by Thomas G. Hildenbrand of the U.S. Geological Survey, we have improved the long-wavelength (50-2,500 km) content of the regional magnetic anomaly compilation for the conterminous United States by utilizing a nearly homogeneous set of National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) magnetic surveys flown from 1975 to 1981. The surveys were flown in quadrangles of 2 deg of longitude by 1 deg of latitude with east-west flight lines spaced 4.8 to 9.6 km apart, north-south tie lines variably spaced, and a nominal terrain clearance of 122 m. Many of the surveys used base-station magnetometers to remove external field variations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091258","usgsCitation":"Ravat, D., Finn, C.A., Hill, P., Kucks, R., Phillips, J., Blakely, R., Bouligand, C., Sabaka, T., Elshayat, A., Aref, A., and Elawadi, E., 2009, A preliminary, full spectrum, magnetic anomaly grid of the United States with improved long wavelengths for studying continental dynamics:  A website for distribution of data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1258, Report: 7 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091258.","productDescription":"Report: 7 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and 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,{"id":98021,"text":"ofr20091270 - 2009 - Summary of survival data from juvenile coho salmon in the Klamath River, northern California, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T12:40:12","indexId":"ofr20091270","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1270","title":"Summary of survival data from juvenile coho salmon in the Klamath River, northern California, 2009","docAbstract":"A study of the effects of the discharge from Iron Gate Dam on the Klamath River on juvenile coho salmon during their seaward migration began in 2005. Estimates of fish survival through various reaches of the river downstream of the dam were completed in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009. This report describes the estimates of survival during 2009, and is a complement to similar reports for 2006, 2007, and 2008. For each year, a series of numerical models were evaluated to determine apparent survival and recapture probabilities of radio-tagged fish in several river reaches between Iron Gate Hatchery at river kilometer 309 and a site at river kilometer 33. The evaluations indicate that the primary differences among years are in the survivals through reaches upstream of the confluence of the Scott River with the Klamath River. Data from 2009, one of two years when fish from both hatchery and wild origins were available for analysis, indicate that survival of wild and hatchery fish are similar.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091270","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., and Juhnke, S.D., 2009, Summary of survival data from juvenile coho salmon in the Klamath River, northern California, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1270, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091270.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1270.jpg"},{"id":13219,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1270/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":341845,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1270/pdf/ofr20091270.pdf","text":"Report","size":"415 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.1,\n              41.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.58,\n              41.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.58,\n              41.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1,\n              41.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1,\n              41.1\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6994f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Juhnke, Steven D.","contributorId":14075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juhnke","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156109,"text":"70156109 - 2009 - Coral proxy record of decadal-scale reduction in base flow from Moloka'i, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T10:12:11","indexId":"70156109","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coral proxy record of decadal-scale reduction in base flow from Moloka'i, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Groundwater is a major resource in Hawaii and is the principal source of water for municipal, agricultural, and industrial use. With a growing population, a long-term downward trend in rainfall, and the need for proper groundwater management, a better understanding of the hydroclimatological system is essential. Proxy records from corals can supplement long-term observational networks, offering an accessible source of hydrologic and climate information. To develop a qualitative proxy for historic groundwater discharge to coastal waters, a suite of rare earth elements and yttrium (REYs) were analyzed from coral cores collected along the south shore of Moloka'i, Hawaii. The coral REY to calcium (Ca) ratios were evaluated against hydrological parameters, yielding the strongest relationship to base flow. Dissolution of REYs from labradorite and olivine in the basaltic rock aquifers is likely the primary source of coastal ocean REYs. There was a statistically significant downward trend (&minus;40%) in subannually resolved REY/Ca ratios over the last century. This is consistent with long-term records of stream discharge from Moloka'i, which imply a downward trend in base flow since 1913. A decrease in base flow is observed statewide, consistent with the long-term downward trend in annual rainfall over much of the state. With greater demands on freshwater resources, it is appropriate for withdrawal scenarios to consider long-term trends and short-term climate variability. It is possible that coral paleohydrological records can be used to conduct model-data comparisons in groundwater flow models used to simulate changes in groundwater level and coastal discharge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union and the Geochemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2009GC002714","usgsCitation":"Prouty, N.G., Jupiter, S.D., Field, M.E., and McCulloch, M.T., 2009, Coral proxy record of decadal-scale reduction in base flow from Moloka'i, Hawaii: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 10, no. 12, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002714.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-015328","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository 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,{"id":70259546,"text":"70259546 - 2009 - Coastal sensitivity to sea level rise— A focus on the Mid-Atlantic Region","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70259453,"text":"70259453 - 2009 - Coastal elevations","indexId":"70259453","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"chapter":"2","title":"Coastal elevations"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70259546,"text":"70259546 - 2009 - Coastal sensitivity to sea level rise— A focus on the Mid-Atlantic Region","indexId":"70259546","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Coastal sensitivity to sea level rise— A focus on the Mid-Atlantic Region"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-11T15:05:37.057107","indexId":"70259546","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T09:49:12","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"SAP4-1","title":"Coastal sensitivity to sea level rise— A focus on the Mid-Atlantic Region","docAbstract":"<p>This Synthesis and Assessment Product (SAP), developed as part of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program, examines potential effects of sea-level rise from climate change during the twenty-first century, with a focus on the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. Using scientific literature and policy-related documents, the SAP describes the physical environments; potential changes to coastal environments, wetlands, and vulnerable species; societal impacts and implications of sea-level rise; decisions that may be sensitive to sea-level rise; opportunities for adaptation; and institutional barriers to adaptation. The SAP also outlines the policy context in the mid-Atlantic region and describes the implications of sea-level rise impacts for other regions of the United States. Finally, this SAP discusses ways natural and social science research can improve understanding and prediction of potential impacts to aid planning and decision making. </p><p>Projections of sea-level rise for the twenty-first century vary widely, ranging from several centimeters to more than a meter. Rising sea level can inundate low areas and increase flooding, coastal erosion, wetland loss, and saltwater intrusion into estuaries and freshwater aquifers. Existing elevation data for the mid-Atlantic United States do not provide the degree of confidence needed for local decision making. Systematic nationwide collection of high-resolution elevation data would improve the ability to conduct detailed assessments in support of planning. The coastal zone is dynamic and the response of coastal areas to sea-level rise is more complex than simple inundation. Much of the United States consists of coastal environments and landforms such as barrier islands and wetlands that will respond to sea-level rise by changing shape, size, or position. The combined effects of sea-level rise and other climate change factors such as storms may cause rapid and irreversible coastal change. All these changes will affect coastal habitats and species. Increasing population and development in coastal areas also affects the ability of natural ecosystems to adjust to sea-level rise. </p><p>Coastal communities and property owners have responded to coastal hazards by erecting shore protection structures, elevating land and buildings, or relocating inland. Accelerated sea-level rise would increase the costs and environmental impacts of these responses. Shoreline armoring can eliminate the land along the shore to which the public has access; beach nourishment projects often increase access to the shore. </p><p>Preparing for sea-level rise can be justified in many cases, because the cost of preparing now is small compared to the cost of reacting later. Examples include wetland protection, flood insurance, longlived infrastructure, and coastal land-use planning. Nevertheless, preparing for sea-level rise has been the exception rather than the rule. Most coastal institutions were based on the implicit assumption that sea level and shorelines are stable. Efforts to plan for sea-level rise can be thwarted by several institutional biases, including government policies that encourage coastal development, flood insurance maps that do not consider sea-level rise, federal policies that prefer shoreline armoring over soft shore protection, and lack of plans delineating which areas would be protected or not as sea level rises. </p><p>The prospect of accelerated sea-level rise and increased vulnerability in coastal regions underscores the immediate need for improving our scientific understanding of and ability to predict the effects of sea-level rise on natural systems and society. These actions, combined with development of decision support tools for taking adaptive actions and an effective public education program, can lessen the economic and environmental impacts of sea-level rise.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Titus, J.G., Anderson, K.E., Cahoon, D.R., Gesch, D.B., Gill, S.K., Gutierrez, B.T., Thieler, E.R., and Williams, S.J., 2009, Coastal sensitivity to sea level rise— A focus on the Mid-Atlantic Region, xvi, 298 p.","productDescription":"xvi, 298 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462827,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://toolkit.climate.gov/reports/coastal-sensitivity-sea-level-rise-focus-mid-atlantic-region","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":462828,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, James G.","contributorId":106026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, K. Eric","contributorId":38283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gill, Stephen K.","contributorId":345034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gutierrez, Benjamin T. 0000-0002-1879-7893 bgutierrez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1879-7893","contributorId":2924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"Benjamin","email":"bgutierrez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thieler, E. 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,{"id":70263422,"text":"70263422 - 2009 - GPS: Applications for measuring tectonic and fault-related deformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-11T14:50:15.037774","indexId":"70263422","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T08:46:56","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"GPS: Applications for measuring tectonic and fault-related deformation","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a&nbsp;space-based Global NavigationSatellite System (GNSS). Using signals transmitted by GPS satellites, the positions of ground‐based receivers can be calculated to high precision,making it possible to track the movement of points on the Earth's surface over time. Unlike older geodetic surveying methods which involved periodicallymeasuring angles, distances, or elevations between points, GPS can provide three‐component (latitude, longitude, and altitude) position informationat a&nbsp;range of sampling rates and on a&nbsp;global scale. GPS equipment is easy to use and can be set up to collect data continuously. Since itsearly geophysical applications in the mid-1980s, this versatile tool, which can be used to track displacements over time periods of seconds to decades,has become indispensable for crustal deformation studies, leading to many important insights and some surprising discoveries.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of complexity and systems science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_250","usgsCitation":"Murray, J.R., 2009, GPS: Applications for measuring tectonic and fault-related deformation, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of complexity and systems science, p. 4249-4283, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_250.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"4249","endPage":"4283","ipdsId":"IP-063570","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481922,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Meyers, Robert A.","contributorId":206476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyers","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":927039,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":926947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98016,"text":"fs20093004 - 2009 - The Water Cycle in Volusia County","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"fs20093004","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3004","title":"The Water Cycle in Volusia County","docAbstract":"Earth's water is always in motion. The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface. This fact sheet provides information about how much water moves into and out of Volusia County, and where it is stored. It also illustrates the seasonal variation in water quantity and movement using data from some of the hydrologic data collection sites in or near Volusia County, Florida.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Volusia County","usgsCitation":"German, E.R., 2009, The Water Cycle in Volusia County: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3004, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093004.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":168,"text":"Central Florida Research Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3004.jpg"},{"id":13338,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3004/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.75,28.25 ], [ -81.75,29.75 ], [ -80.5,29.75 ], [ -80.5,28.25 ], [ -81.75,28.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d5bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"German, Edward R.","contributorId":85567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"German","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70037192,"text":"70037192 - 2009 - The geochemistry of environmentally important trace elements in UK coals, with special reference to the Parkgate coal in the Yorkshire–Nottinghamshire Coalfield, UK","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-14T20:29:10.510582","indexId":"70037192","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemistry of environmentally important trace elements in UK coals, with special reference to the Parkgate coal in the Yorkshire–Nottinghamshire Coalfield, UK","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Parkgate coal of Langsettian age in the Yorkshire–Nottinghamshire coalfield is typical of many coals in the UK in that it has a high sulphur (S) content. Detailed information on the distribution of the forms of S, both laterally and vertically through the seam, was known from previous investigations. In the present work, 38 interval samples from five measured sections of the coal were comprehensively analysed for major, minor and trace elements and the significance of the relationships established using both raw and centered log transformed data. The major elements are used to quantify the variations in the inorganic and organic coal components and determine the trace element associations. Pyrite contains nearly all of the Hg, As, Se, Tl and Pb and is also the major source of the Mo, Ni, Cd and Sb. The clays contain the following elements in decreasing order of association: Rb, Cs, Li, Ga, U, Cr, V, Sc, Y, Bi, Cu, Nb, Sn, Te and Th. Nearly all of the Rb is present in the clay fraction, whereas for elements such as V, Cu and U, a significant amount is thought to be present in the organic matter, based on the K vs trace element regression equations. Only Ge, and possibly Be, would appear to have a dominant organic source. The trace element concentrations are calculated for pyrite, the clay fraction and organic matter. For pyrite it is noted that concentrations agree with published data from the Yorkshire–Nottinghamshire coalfield and also that Tl concentrations (median of 0.33</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>ppm) in the pyrite are greater than either Hg or Cd. Unlike these elements, Tl has attracted less attention and possibly more information is needed on its anthropogenic distribution and impacts on man and the environment. A seawater source is thought to be responsible for the high concentrations of S, Cl and the non-detrital trace elements in the Parkgate coal. Indicative of the seawater control is the Th/U ratio, which expresses the detrital to non-detrital element contributions. Using other elements, similar ratios can be calculated, which in combination offer greater interpretative value.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2009.08.010","usgsCitation":"Spears, D., and Tewalt, S., 2009, The geochemistry of environmentally important trace elements in UK coals, with special reference to the Parkgate coal in the Yorkshire–Nottinghamshire Coalfield, UK: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 80, no. 3-4, p. 157-166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.08.010.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"166","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245249,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217312,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.08.010"},{"id":476214,"rank":3,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/10358/1/Spears_10358.pdf","text":"External Repository"}],"country":"United Kingdom","otherGeospatial":"Yorkshire–Nottinghamshire Coalfield","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -1.6862966770993637,\n              53.80516592158588\n            ],\n            [\n              -1.6862966770993637,\n              52.870590231119166\n            ],\n            [\n              -0.6397695998644792,\n              52.870590231119166\n            ],\n            [\n              -0.6397695998644792,\n              53.80516592158588\n            ],\n            [\n              -1.6862966770993637,\n              53.80516592158588\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac4de4b08c986b3233e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spears, D.A.","contributorId":57224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spears","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tewalt, S.J.","contributorId":55838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tewalt","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98018,"text":"sir20095118 - 2009 - Assessment of Local Recharge Area Characteristics of Four Caves in Northern Arkansas and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2004-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"sir20095118","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5118","title":"Assessment of Local Recharge Area Characteristics of Four Caves in Northern Arkansas and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2004-07","docAbstract":"A study was conducted from 2004 to 2007 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to assess the characteristics of the local recharge areas of four caves in northern Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma that provide habitat for a number of unique organisms. Characterization of the local recharge areas are important because the caves occur in a predominately karst system and because land use proximal to the caves, including areas suspected to lie within the local recharge areas, may include activities with potentially deleterious effects to cave water quality.\r\n\r\nAn integrated approach was used to determine the hydrogeologic characteristics and the extent of the local recharge areas of Civil War Cave, January-Stansbury Cave, Nesbitt Spring Cave, and Wasson's Mud Cave. This approach incorporated methods of hydrology, structural geology, geomorphology, and geochemistry. Continuous water-level and water-temperature data were collected at each cave for various periods to determine recharge characteristics. Field investigations were conducted to determine surficial controls affecting the groundwater flow and connections of the groundwater system to land-surface processes in each study area. Qualitative groundwater tracing also was conducted at each cave to help define the local recharge areas. These independent methods of investigation provided multiple lines of evidence for effectively describing the behavior of these complex hydrologic systems.\r\n\r\nCivil War Cave is located near the city of Bentonville in Benton County, Arkansas, and provides habitat for the Ozark cavefish. Civil War Cave is developed entirely within the epikarst of the upper Boone Formation, and recharge to Civil War Cave occurs from the Boone Formation (Springfield Plateau aquifer). The daily mean discharge for the period of study was 0.59 cubic feet per second and ranged from 0.19 to 2.8 cubic feet per second. The mean water temperature for Civil War Cave was 14.0 degrees Celsius. The calculated recharge area for Civil War Cave ranged from 0.13 to 2.5 square miles using the water-balance equation to 3.80 square miles using a normalized base-flow method. Tracer tests indicated a portion of the water within Civil War Cave was from across a major topographic divide located to the southwest.\r\n\r\nJanuary-Stansbury Cave is located in Delaware County in northeastern Oklahoma, and provides habitat for the Oklahoma cave crayfish and the Ozark cavefish. January-Stansbury Cave is developed in the St. Joe Limestone member of the Boone Formation. The daily mean discharge for the period of study was 1.0 cubic foot per second and ranged from 0.35 to 8.7 cubic feet per second. The mean water temperature for January-Stansbury Cave was 14.3 degrees. The calculated recharge area for January-Stansbury Cave using the water-balance equation ranged from approximately 0.04 to 0.83 square miles. Tracer tests generally showed water discharging from January-Stansbury Cave during high flow originates from within the topographic drainage area and from an area outside the topographic drainage area to the southwest.\r\n\r\nNesbitt Spring Cave is located near the city of Mountain View in north-central Arkansas and provides habitat for the Hell Creek cave crayfish. Nesbitt Spring Cave is developed in the Plattin Limestone (Ozark aquifer) and is recharged through the Boone Formation (Springfield Plateau aquifer). The mean daily discharge for the period of study was 4.5 cubic feet per second and ranged from 0.39 to 70.7 cubic feet per second. The mean water temperature for Nesbitt Spring Cave was 14.2 degrees Celsius. The calculated recharge area for Nesbitt Spring Cave using the water-balance equation ranged from 0.49 square mile to 4.0 square miles. Tracer tests generally showed a portion of water discharging from Nesbitt Spring during high flow originates from outside the topographic drainage area.\r\n\r\nWasson's Mud Cave is located near the city of Springtown ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Gillip, J.A., Galloway, J.M., and Hart, R.M., 2009, Assessment of Local Recharge Area Characteristics of Four Caves in Northern Arkansas and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2004-07: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5118, v, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095118.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5118.jpg"},{"id":13209,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95,35.5 ], [ -95,37 ], [ -91.75,37 ], [ -91.75,35.5 ], [ -95,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67296a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillip, Jonathan A. jgillip@usgs.gov","contributorId":3222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillip","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Rheannon M. 0000-0003-4657-5945 rmhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-5945","contributorId":5516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Rheannon","email":"rmhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98015,"text":"ds484 - 2009 - Algal and Water-Quality Data for the Yellowstone River and Tributaries, Montana and Wyoming, 1999-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"ds484","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"484","title":"Algal and Water-Quality Data for the Yellowstone River and Tributaries, Montana and Wyoming, 1999-2000","docAbstract":"Streams of the Yellowstone River Basin in Montana and Wyoming were sampled as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Algal communities were sampled in 1999 in conjunction with other ecological sampling and in 2000 during synoptic sampling. Water-quality measurements related to the algal sampling included light attenuation and dissolved-oxygen concentrations. Sites were sampled on the main-stem Yellowstone River, major tributaries such as the Clarks Fork Yellowstone River and the Bighorn River, and selected minor tributaries. Some of the data collected, such as the phytoplankton chlorophyll-a data, were referenced or summarized in previous U.S. Geological Survey reports but were not previously published in tabular form, and therefore are presented in this report, prepared in cooperation with the Montana Department of Environmental Quality. Data presented in this report include chlorophyll-a concentrations in phytoplankton and periphyton samples, as well as light attenuation and dissolved-oxygen production data from 1999-2000.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds484","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Montana Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.A., 2009, Algal and Water-Quality Data for the Yellowstone River and Tributaries, Montana and Wyoming, 1999-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 484, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds484.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_484.jpg"},{"id":13191,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/484/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.5,44 ], [ -111.5,48 ], [ -103.5,48 ], [ -103.5,44 ], [ -111.5,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68817b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, David A. davep@usgs.gov","contributorId":1742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"davep@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98014,"text":"sir20095228 - 2009 - Sediment Characteristics and Transport in the Kootenai River White Sturgeon Critical Habitat near Bonners Ferry, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-01T14:10:24","indexId":"sir20095228","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5228","title":"Sediment Characteristics and Transport in the Kootenai River White Sturgeon Critical Habitat near Bonners Ferry, Idaho","docAbstract":"Recovery efforts for the endangered Kootenai River population of white sturgeon require an understanding of the characteristics and transport of suspended and bedload sediment in the critical habitat reach of the river. In 2007 and 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho, conducted suspended- and bedload-sediment sampling in the federally designated critical habitat of the endangered Kootenai River white sturgeon population. Three sediment-sampling sites were selected that represent the hydraulic differences in the critical habitat. Suspended- and bedload-sediment samples along with acoustic Doppler current profiles were collected at these sites during specific river discharges. Samples were analyzed to determine suspended- and bedload-sediment characteristics and transport rates. Sediment transport data were analyzed to provide total loading estimates for suspended and bedload sediment in the critical habitat reach.\n\nTotal suspended-sediment discharge primarily occurred as fine material that moved through the system in suspension. Total suspended-sediment discharge ranged from about 300 metric tons per day to more than 23,000 metric tons per day. Total suspended sediment remained nearly equal throughout the critical habitat, with the exception of a few cases where mass wasting of the banks may have caused sporadic spikes in total suspended sediment. \n\nBedload-sediment discharge averaged 0-3 percent of the total loading. These bedload discharges ranged from 0 to 271 tons per day. The bedload discharge in the upper part of the critical habitat primarily consisted of fine to coarse gravel. A decrease in river competence in addition to an armored channel may be the cause of this limited bedload discharge. The bedload discharge in the middle part of the white sturgeon critical habitat varied greatly, depending on the extent of the backwater from Kootenay Lake. A large quantity of fine-to-coarse gravel is present in the braided reach, but the duration of transport for these gravels is limited by the encroaching backwater of Kootenay Lake. Bedload discharge in the lower part of the white sturgeon critical habitat primarily consisted of fine to coarse sand due to decreased velocities as a result of the backwater from Kootenay Lake.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho","usgsCitation":"Fosness, R.L., and Williams, M.L., 2009, Sediment Characteristics and Transport in the Kootenai River White Sturgeon Critical Habitat near Bonners Ferry, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5228, Report: vi, 41 p. (with appendixes), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095228.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 41 p. (with appendixes)","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5228.jpg"},{"id":13190,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5228/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,47.75 ], [ -118,50 ], [ -114.5,50 ], [ -114.5,47.75 ], [ -118,47.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545692","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fosness, Ryan L. 0000-0003-4089-2704 rfosness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-2704","contributorId":2703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosness","given":"Ryan","email":"rfosness@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Marshall L. mlwilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Marshall","email":"mlwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}