Background
Spatio-temporal patterns of movement can characterize relationships between organisms and their surroundings, and address gaps in our understanding of species ecology, activity budgets, bioenergetics, and habitat resource management. Highly mobile waterfowl, which can exploit resources over large spatial extents, are excellent models to understand relationships between movements and resource usage, landscape interactions and specific habitat needs.
Methods
We tracked 3 species of dabbling ducks with GPS-GSM transmitters in 2015–17 to examine fine-scale movement patterns over 24 h periods (30 min interval), dividing movement pathways into temporally continuous segments and spatially contiguous patches. We quantified distances moved, area used and time allocated across the day, using linear and generalized linear mixed models. We investigated behavior through relationships between these variables.
Results
Movements and space-use were small, and varied by species, sex and season. Gadwall (Mareca strepera) generally moved least (FFDs: 0.5–0.7 km), but their larger foraging patches resulted from longer within-area movements. Pintails (Anas acuta) moved most, were more likely to conduct flights > 300 m, had FFDs of 0.8–1.1 km, used more segments and patches per day that they revisited more frequently, resulting in the longest daily total movements. Females and males differed only during the post-hunt season when females moved more. 23.6% of track segments were short duration (1–2 locations), approximately 1/3 more than would be expected if they occurred randomly, and were more dispersed in the landscape than longer segments. Distance moved in 30 min shortened as segment duration increased, likely reflecting phases of non-movement captured within segments.
Conclusions
Pacific Flyway ducks spend the majority of time using smaller foraging and resting areas than expected or previously reported, implying that foraging areas may be highly localized, and nutrients obtainable from smaller areas. Additionally, movement reductions over time demonstrates behavioral adjustments that represent divergent energetic demands, the detection of which is a key advantage of higher frequency data. Ducks likely use less energy for movement than currently predicted and management, including distribution and configuration of essential habitat, may require reconsideration. Our study illustrates how fine-scale movement data from tracking help understand and inform various other fields of research.
The Vilkitskii Basin is a separate petroleum province that lies beneath the continental shelf of the East Siberian Sea east of the New Siberian Islands and northwest of Wrangel Island. It is a basin known only on the basis of gravity data and three seismic profiles. A small, southern part of the basin overlies the Brooks Range–Chukotka late Mesozoic-early Paleogene orogenic belt, but most of the basin lies north of that belt. Its regional setting suggests that it may have similarities to other post-orogenic (successor) basins on the East Siberian Shelf as well as to foreland, rift-sag, and passive margin basins lying north of the orogenic belt such as the North Slope, North Chukchi and Podvodnikov Basins.
Although the basin’s petroleum potential is poorly known, extremely thick sediments, diapiric structures, and gas plumes interpreted from a seismic profile are considered favorable features for petroleum presence and imply that there may be an active petroleum system. An overall probability of about 30 percent of at least one petroleum accumulation >50 MMBOE (million barrels of oil equivalent) was determined based on estimated probabilities of the occurrence of petroleum source, adequate reservoir, trap and seal, and favorable timing. A single assessment unit (AU) was defined and assessed, resulting in mean estimates of undiscovered, technically recoverable resources that include about 100 million barrels of oil and 5,500 billion cubic feet of nonassociated gas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1824Z","usgsCitation":"Bird, K.J., Houseknecht, D.W., and Pitman, J.K., 2019, Geology and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Vilkitskii Basin Province, 2008, chap. Z of Moore, T.E., and Gautier, D.L., eds., The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1824, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1824Z.","productDescription":"Document: vi, 11 p.; Larger Work; Appendix","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050995","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361711,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/z/pp1824z_appendix1.xls","text":"Appendix 1","size":"39 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"PP 1824Z Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Input Data for the Vilkitskii Basin Assessment Unit"},{"id":361710,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/z/pp1824z.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1824Z"},{"id":361709,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/z/coverthb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Vilkitskii Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 160,\n 72\n ],\n [\n 178,\n 72\n ],\n [\n 178,\n 79\n ],\n [\n 160,\n 79\n ],\n [\n 160,\n 72\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
FAX 650-329-4936
In June, 2017, we acquired seismic data along five linear profiles at three British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority (BC Hydro, a Canadian provincial Crown Corporation) dam sites (John Hart, Ladore, and Strathcona Dams) on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. We also attempted to acquire linear seismic profiles at two additional BC Hydro dam sites (Ruskin Dam and Stave Falls Dam) east of the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; however, due to a seismograph programming error, little active-source data from Ruskin Dam and Stave Falls Dam were recorded. Thus, results from Ruskin Dam and Stave Falls Dam are not included in this report. At the three dam sites with successful data acquisition, we acquired both active- and passive-source data. Data acquisition details for each of the three dam sites varied in terms of seismic sources, the number of seismographs, and profile length and orientation. However, for active-source acquisition at each dam site, we acquired one or more linear seismic profiles ranging in length from about 150 to 400 meters (m), and along each profile, seismograph spacing was either 3 m or 5 m (see appendix 1). All data were recorded in three components (vertical and two horizontals). To greatly increase the resolution of the seismic velocity structure along these profiles, we co-located active sources at each seismograph.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191015","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., Addo, K.O., Goldman, M.R., Chan, J.H., Sickler, R.R., and Criley, C.J., 2019, Two-dimensional seismic velocities and structural variations at three British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority (BC Hydro) dam sites, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1015, 125 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191015.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 125 p.; Data release","numberOfPages":"137","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-099439","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1015/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":361738,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1015/ofr20191015.pdf","text":"Report","size":"32.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1015"},{"id":361739,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PRGZ53","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"2017 U.S. Geological Survey/BC Hydro seismic data recorded at three dam sites on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada"}],"country":"Canada","state":"British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Vancouver Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.6036718615,\n 49.90411690637\n ],\n [\n -125.30053124888,\n 49.90411690637\n ],\n [\n -125.30053124888,\n 50.100507966958\n ],\n [\n -125.6036718615,\n 50.100507966958\n ],\n [\n -125.6036718615,\n 49.90411690637\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Earthquake Science Center — Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
The earthquake activity in Oklahoma and Kansas that began in 2008 reflects the most widespread instance of induced seismicity observed to date. We develop a reservoir model to calculate the hydrologic conditions associated with the activity of 902 saltwater disposal wells injecting into the Arbuckle aquifer. Estimates of basement fault stressing conditions inform a rate‐and‐state friction earthquake nucleation model to forecast the seismic response to injection. Our model replicates many salient features of the induced earthquake sequence, including the onset of seismicity, the timing of the peak seismicity rate, and the reduction in seismicity following decreased disposal activity. We present evidence for variable time lags between changes in injection and seismicity rates, consistent with the prediction from rate‐and‐state theory that seismicity rate transients occur over timescales inversely proportional to stressing rate. Given the efficacy of the hydromechanical model, as confirmed through a likelihood statistical test, the results of this study support broader integration of earthquake physics within seismic hazard analysis.
Natural volcanic ashfall samples were examined, and high-current (~100 kA) electrical impulse experiments were conducted to reveal the changes in grain size that can occur during lightning discharge. Experiments on pseudo ash samples manufactured from volcanic deposits of both rhyolitic and basaltic composition show that aggregates of very fine grained ash particles (<32 μm) melt and degas to form vesiculated pumice fragments >100 μm in size. In some cases, bubbles <5 μm in diameter expand and detach from the outer surface of the pumice to form hollow spheres of glass, one type of lightning-induced volcanic spherule, while other bubbles fragment. Volcanic ashfall from the 2009 Redoubt eruption and the 2016 Pavlof eruption contains both pumiceous grains and individual spherules. Results of this study reveal that volcanic lightning will alter the grain size distribution of ash through melting, vesiculation, and fragmentation of individual particles or ash aggregates.
Catchment models are useful tools to help describe and quantify the sources, transport, and fate of sediment, nutrients, and other constituents in a landscape. Results from catchment models are used to quantify and understand existing conditions and used in restoration efforts by defining areas with highest contributions (hotspots, where actions would be most beneficial) and describing the relative importance of various sources (what types of actions would be most beneficial). In practice, a continuum of models exists from simple empirical models to complex process-driven models, each requiring different types and amounts of information. Each of these models has its strengths and weaknesses, which should be considered when deciding which model to apply to a specific area. In many applications, a combination of models can be either coupled or run in series to help describe how nutrients and sediment are transported from the field to downstream receiving water bodies. In this chapter, we describe the continuum of catchment models that exist and provide information for choosing specific models for various management applications. We then provide examples of catchment models used to address a wide range of scientific and policy driven issues: two models commonly applied in New Zealand (CLUES and GLEAMS) and one model (SPARROW) applied to a large river basin in the United States (Mississippi River Basin).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lake restoration handbook","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-93043-5_2","usgsCitation":"Parshotam, A., and Robertson, D.M., 2019, Modelling for catchment management, chap. of Lake restoration handbook, p. 25-65, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93043-5_2.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"65","ipdsId":"IP-074204","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361732,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hamilton, David P.","contributorId":166840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David P.","affiliations":[{"id":24543,"text":"Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3015, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758761,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collier, Kevin J.","contributorId":213943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collier","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758762,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quinn, John M.","contributorId":47469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758763,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howard-Williams, Clive","contributorId":213944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard-Williams","given":"Clive","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758764,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Parshotam, Aroon","contributorId":213925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parshotam","given":"Aroon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38930,"text":"Waikato University, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":204668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202471,"text":"70202471 - 2019 - Patterns of big sagebrush plant community composition and stand structure in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T10:33:26","indexId":"70202471","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-04T15:41:45","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of big sagebrush plant community composition and stand structure in the western United States","docAbstract":"Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) plant communities are found in western North America and comprise a mix of shrubs, forbs, and grasses. Climate, topography, and soil water availability are important factors that shape big sagebrush stand structure and plant community composition; however, most studies have focused on understanding these relationships at sites in a small portion of the big sagebrush region. Our goal was to characterize detailed stand structure and plant composition patterns and identify environmental variables related to those patterns by sampling 15 sites distributed across the western United States. In each site, we characterized stand structure at the individual shrub level and at the site level. We quantified size distributions and assessed relationships among canopy volume, age, and height. We also characterized functional type cover and species composition and related those to climatic, topographic, and edaphic variables. Mean big sagebrush age ranged from 21 (± 8) to 57 (± 22) yr at individual sites, mean height ranged from 0.23 (± 0.12) to 0.67 (± 0.23) m, and mean canopy volume ranged from 0.03 (± 0.04) to 0.62 (± 0.51) m3. Bare ground and litter contributed the most cover (mean = 64%), followed by big sagebrush (mean = 39% of vascular plant cover). There was a negative relationship between big sagebrush cover and grass and forb cover. Species composition was related to both climate and elevation, likely because these variables influence water availability. Although our study was limited to 15 field sites, our detailed descriptions of widely distributed sites provide insight into the magnitude of variability in big sagebrush plant community structure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2018.11.013","usgsCitation":"Pennington, V.E., Bradford, J.B., Palmquist, K.A., Renne, R.R., and Lauenroth, W.K., 2019, Patterns of big sagebrush plant community composition and stand structure in the western United States: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 72, no. 3, p. 505-514, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2018.11.013.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"505","endPage":"514","ipdsId":"IP-093250","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pennington, Victoria E.","contributorId":138850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pennington","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmquist, Kyle A.","contributorId":169517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmquist","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Renne, Rachel R.","contributorId":213935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renne","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38934,"text":"School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lauenroth, William K.","contributorId":80982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70202470,"text":"70202470 - 2019 - Trends in landbird density at two national parks in fragmented, mixed-use landscapes of the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T15:39:41","indexId":"70202470","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-04T15:39:34","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2901,"text":"Northwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in landbird density at two national parks in fragmented, mixed-use landscapes of the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"National parks play a key role in conserving species by providing landscapes where threats from anthropogenic disturbance are reduced. In a recent study of 3 large wilderness parks in the Pacific Northwest, nearly all landbird species were found to be stable or increasing. Nonetheless, contemporary results from the Breeding Bird Survey and mark-recapture studies fuel concerns that some landbirds in the Pacific Northwest are trending in sync with many North America species in widespread decline. Although landbird populations might be thriving in large parks with extensive old-growth forest, those in smaller parks with less intact wilderness and higher ratios of edge-to-interior habitat might reflect the stressors inherent in more human-dominated landscapes. We conducted landbird point-count surveys from 2005 to 2016 in 2 national historical parks situated in the more human-dominated landscapes of this region, San Juan Island National Historical Park and Lewis and Clark National Historical Park. Established primarily to protect cultural resources, these parks lack old-growth forest and consist of relatively small parcels embedded in fragmented, multi-use landscapes. Here, we apply recent developments in point-count analysis to estimate trends in population density for 50 landbird species commonly detected in these small parks, including lagged effects of precipitation and temperature on the annual density of each species, and effects of survey conditions on species detection. All but 3 species exhibited stable densities in both parks, and more than half of the populations analyzed clearly increased in density over the study period. Notable exceptions were single-park declines in Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi), Northern Flicker (Colaptes anratus), and Hutton's Vireo (Vireo huttoni). Annual variation in population density was often related to climate, with generally positive responses to a recent deficit in annual precipitation-as-snow, and more variable responses to higher mean spring temperature. These results reinforce trends estimated for 3 large national parks in the Pacific Northwest, suggesting recent stability of landbird populations in parks of this region, independent of park size or setting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology","doi":"10.1898/NWN18-11","usgsCitation":"Ray, C., Holmgren, M., Wilkerson, R.L., Siegel, R.B., Boetsch, J.R., Jenkins, K.J., and Ransom, J.I., 2019, Trends in landbird density at two national parks in fragmented, mixed-use landscapes of the Pacific Northwest: Northwestern Naturalist, v. 100, no. 1, p. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1898/NWN18-11.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-098175","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Holmgren, M.","contributorId":213930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmgren","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34260,"text":"Institute for Bird Populations","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758714,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilkerson, R.","contributorId":213931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkerson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34260,"text":"Institute for Bird Populations","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758715,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siegel, R.","contributorId":213932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siegel","given":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":34260,"text":"Institute for Bird Populations","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758716,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ransom, J.","contributorId":213933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ransom","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758717,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758719,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Boetsch, J.","contributorId":213934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boetsch","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758718,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Ray, Chris","contributorId":150148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ray","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17921,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmgren, Mandy","contributorId":195413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holmgren","given":"Mandy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilkerson, Robert L.","contributorId":56320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkerson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siegel, Rodney B.","contributorId":37019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boetsch, John R.","contributorId":36236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boetsch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ransom, Jason I.","contributorId":139841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ransom","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70202465,"text":"70202465 - 2019 - Physical, biogeochemical, and meteorological factors responsible for interannual changes in cyanobacterial community composition and biovolume over two decades in a eutrophic lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T15:28:51","indexId":"70202465","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-04T15:28:45","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical, biogeochemical, and meteorological factors responsible for interannual changes in cyanobacterial community composition and biovolume over two decades in a eutrophic lake","docAbstract":"This study used a 20-year dataset (1995–2014) to identify factors affecting cyanobacterial community composition (CCC) and abundance in a eutrophic lake. We hypothesized that differences in thermal structure, nutrients, and meteorology drive interannual variability in CCC and abundance. Cluster analysis differentiated dominant cyanobacteria into rare, low abundance, or sporadically occurring taxa. The bloom-forming genera were Microcystis and Aphanizomenon, accounting for ~ 70% of total cyanobacterial biovolume (BV) on average, whereas unusually high abundance of Planktothrix, Synechococcus, and Oscillatoria were clear outliers in three of the years. Variability in CCC was significantly correlated (P < 0.05, R > 0.3) with ice duration, Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and spring nitrite + nitrate (NO2+3); ice duration and TKN were associated with the occurrence of primarily non-bloom-forming genera. Pairwise correlations tested linear, exponential, and polynomial correlates of absolute and relative total Cyanophyta, Microcystis, or Aphanizomenon BV. TKN, total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP), TN:TP ratio, Schmidt stability, and rainfall correlated with total Cyanophyta, Microcystis, and Aphanizomenon BV, whereas ice cover, NO2+3, and TKN correlated with relative Microcystis and Aphanizomenon BV. Despite increasing TN:TP ratio over two decades, cyanobacterial abundance had not changed significantly. These data suggest differing responses of cyanobacterial genera to important environmental factors over two decades.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-018-3810-x","usgsCitation":"Weirich, C.A., Robertson, D.M., and Miller, T.R., 2019, Physical, biogeochemical, and meteorological factors responsible for interannual changes in cyanobacterial community composition and biovolume over two decades in a eutrophic lake: Hydrobiologia, v. 828, no. 1, p. 165-182, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3810-x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"182","ipdsId":"IP-095911","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361713,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"828","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weirich, Chelsea A. 0000-0002-2481-4987","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2481-4987","contributorId":213923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weirich","given":"Chelsea","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":204668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Todd R. 0000-0002-2113-1662","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2113-1662","contributorId":213924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202464,"text":"70202464 - 2019 - Isotopic and petrologic investigation, and a thermomechanical model of genesis of large-volume rhyolites in arc environments: Karymshina Volcanic Complex, Kamchatka, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-15T11:51:18","indexId":"70202464","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-04T15:25:29","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic and petrologic investigation, and a thermomechanical model of genesis of large-volume rhyolites in arc environments: Karymshina Volcanic Complex, Kamchatka, Russia","docAbstract":"The Kamchatka Peninsula of eastern Russia is currently one of the most volcanically active areas on Earth where a combination of >8 cm/yr subduction convergence rate and thick continental crust generates large silicic magma chambers, reflected by abundant large calderas and caldera complexes. This study examines the largest center of silicic 4-0.5 Ma Karymshina Volcanic Complex, which includes the 25 × 15 km Karymshina caldera, the largest in Kamchatka. A series of rhyolitic tuff eruptions at 4 Ma were followed by the main eruption at 1.78 Ma and produced an estimated 800 km3 of rhyolitic ignimbrites followed by high-silica rhyolitic post-caldera extrusions. The postcaldera domes trace the 1.78 Ma right fracture and form a continuous compositional series with ignimbrites. We here present results of a geologic, petrologic, and isotopic study of the Karymshina eruptive complex, and present new Ar-Ar ages, and isotopic values of rocks for the oldest pre- 1.78 Ma caldera ignimbrites and intrusions, which include a diversity of compositions from basalts to rhyolites. Temporal trends in δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr, and 144Nd/143Nd indicate values comparable to neighboring volcanoes, increase in homogeneity, and temporal increase in mantle-derived Sr and Nd with increasing differentiation over the last 4 million years. Data are consistent with a batholithic scale magma chamber formed by primarily fractional crystallization of mantle derived composition and assimilation of Cretaceous and younger crust, driven by basaltic volcanism and mantle delaminations. All rocks have 35–45% quartz, plagioclase, biotite, and amphibole phenocrysts. Rhyolite-MELTS crystallization models favor shallow (2 kbar) differentiation conditions and varying quantities of assimilated amphibolite partial melt and hydrothermally-altered silicic rock. Thermomechanical modeling with a typical 0.001 km3/yr eruption rate of hydrous basalt into a 38 km Kamchatkan arc crust produces two magma bodies, one near the Moho and the other engulfing the entire section of upper crust. Rising basalts are trapped in the lower portion of an upper crustal magma body, which exists in a partially molten to solid state. Differentiation products of basalt periodically mix with the resident magma diluting its crustal isotopic signatures. At the end of the magmatism crust is thickened by 8 km. Thermomechanical modeling show that the most likely way to generate large spikes of rhyolitic magmatism is through delamination of cumulates and mantle lithosphere after many millions of years of crustal thickening. The paper also presents a chemical dataset for Pacific ashes from ODDP 882 and 883 and compares them to Karymshina ignimbrites and two other Pleistocene calderas studied by us in earlier works.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/feart.2018.00238","usgsCitation":"Bindeman, I.N., Leonov, V.L., Colon, D.P., Rogozin, A.N., Shipley, N., Jicha, B., Loewen, M.W., and Gerya, T.V., 2019, Isotopic and petrologic investigation, and a thermomechanical model of genesis of large-volume rhyolites in arc environments: Karymshina Volcanic Complex, Kamchatka, Russia: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 6, 238; 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00238.","productDescription":"238; 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-102469","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00238","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361712,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Kamchatka","volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bindeman, Ilya N.","contributorId":175500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bindeman","given":"Ilya","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leonov, Vladimir L.","contributorId":213917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leonov","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38929,"text":"Institute of Volcanology and Seismology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colon, Dylan P.","contributorId":213918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colon","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rogozin, Aleksey N.","contributorId":213919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogozin","given":"Aleksey","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":38929,"text":"Institute of Volcanology and Seismology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shipley, Niccole","contributorId":213921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shipley","given":"Niccole","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jicha, Brian","contributorId":213920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jicha","given":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Loewen, Matthew W. 0000-0002-5621-285X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-285X","contributorId":213321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loewen","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gerya, Taras V.","contributorId":213922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerya","given":"Taras","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12483,"text":"ETH Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70202460,"text":"70202460 - 2019 - Influenza A prevalence and subtype diversity in migrating teal sampled along the United States Gulf Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T10:31:03","indexId":"70202460","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-04T15:18:53","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influenza A prevalence and subtype diversity in migrating teal sampled along the United States Gulf Coast","docAbstract":"Wild birds in the order Anseriformes are important reservoirs for influenza A viruses (IAV); however, IAV prevalence and subtype diversity may vary by season, even at the same location. To better understand the ecology of IAV during waterfowl migration through the Gulf Coast of the United States (Louisiana and Texas), surveillance of blue-winged (Spatula discors) and American green-winged (Anas carolinensis) teal was conducted annually during the spring (live-capture; 2012-2017) and fall (hunter-harvested; 2007-2017) at times inferred to coincide with northward and southward movements, respectively, for these waterfowl species. During spring migration, 266 low pathogenicity (LP) IAV positive samples were recovered from 7,547 paired cloacal/oropharyngeal (COP) samples (prevalence: 3.5%; annual range: 1.3%-8.4%). During fall migration, 650 LP IAV positive samples were recovered from 9,493 COP samples (prevalence: 6.8%; annual range: 0.4%-23.5%). Overall, 34 and 20 different IAV subtypes were recovered during fall and spring sampling, respectively. Consistent with previous results for fall migrating ducks, H3 and H4 HA subtypes were most common; however, H4 subtype viruses predominated every year. This is in contrast to the predominance of LP H7 and H10 HA subtype viruses in both species during spring. The N6 and N8 NA subtypes, which were usually associated with H4, were most common during fall; the N6 subtype was not recovered in the spring. These consistent seasonal trends in IAV subtype detection in both species are currently not understood and highlight the need for further research regarding potential drivers of spatiotemporal patterns of infection such as population immunity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.1637/11850-041918-Reg.1","usgsCitation":"Carter, D., Link, P.T., Walther, P., Ramey, A.M., Stallknecht, D.E., and Poulson, R., 2019, Influenza A prevalence and subtype diversity in migrating teal sampled along the United States Gulf Coast: Avian Diseases, v. 63, no. SP1, p. 165-171, https://doi.org/10.1637/11850-041918-Reg.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"171","ipdsId":"IP-097180","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11312343","text":"External Repository"},{"id":361708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"SP1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Deborah","contributorId":213914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"Deborah","affiliations":[{"id":38928,"text":"University of Georgia Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, Paul T.","contributorId":53611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Link","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walther, Patrick","contributorId":213915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walther","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stallknecht, David E.","contributorId":14323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stallknecht","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7125,"text":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Poulson, Rebecca L.","contributorId":198807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poulson","given":"Rebecca L.","affiliations":[{"id":7125,"text":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70202870,"text":"70202870 - 2019 - Carbon accumulation and vertical accretion in a restored vs. historic salt marsh in southern Puget Sound, Washington, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-16T11:51:50","indexId":"70202870","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-04T14:52:44","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon accumulation and vertical accretion in a restored vs. historic salt marsh in southern Puget Sound, Washington, United States","docAbstract":"Few comparisons exist between vertical accretion (VA) and carbon accumulation rates (CARs), in restored vs. historic (i.e., reference) marshes. Here we compare these processes in a formerly diked, sparsely vegetated, restored salt marsh (Six Gill Slough, SG), whose surface is subsided relative to the tidal frame, to an adjacent, relatively pristine, historic salt marsh (Animal Slough, AS). Six sediment cores were collected at both AS and SG ~six years after restoration. Cores were analyzed for bulk density, % loss of ignition, % organic carbon, and 210Pb. We found that sharp changes in bulk density in surface layers of SG cores were highly reliable markers for the onset of restoration. The mean VA since restoration at SG (0.79 (sd=0.29) cm yr-1) was ~twice that of AS (0.41 (sd=0.16) cm yr-1). In comparison, the VA at AS over 50 years was 0.30 (sd=0.09) cm yr-1. VA consisted almost entirely of inorganic sediment at SG whereas at AS it was ~55%. Mean CARs at SG were somewhat greater than at AS, but the difference was not significant due to high variability (SG: 81 - 210 g C m-2 yr-1; AS: 115 - 168 g C m-2 yr-1). The mean CAR at AS over the past 50 years was 118 (sd=23) g C m-2 yr-1. This study demonstrates that a sparsely vegetated, restored salt marsh can quickly begin to accumulate carbon and that historic and restored marshes can have similar CARs despite highly divergent formation processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Ecological Research","doi":"10.1111/rec.12941","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J.Z., Woo, I., Fuller, C.C., and Nakai, G., 2019, Carbon accumulation and vertical accretion in a restored vs. historic salt marsh in southern Puget Sound, Washington, United States: Restoration Ecology, v. 27, no. 5, p. 1117-1127, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12941.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1117","endPage":"1127","ipdsId":"IP-104450","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362664,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington ","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.71393775939941,\n 47.06579564376744\n ],\n [\n -122.67788887023924,\n 47.06579564376744\n ],\n [\n -122.67788887023924,\n 47.09694798930915\n ],\n [\n -122.71393775939941,\n 47.09694798930915\n ],\n [\n -122.71393775939941,\n 47.06579564376744\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":167492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woo, Isa 0000-0002-8447-9236 iwoo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8447-9236","contributorId":2524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woo","given":"Isa","email":"iwoo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nakai, Glynnis","contributorId":172123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nakai","given":"Glynnis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26986,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service, Nisqually Nat'l Wildlife Refuge, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70215596,"text":"70215596 - 2019 - Unprocessed atmospheric nitrate in waters of the Northern Forest Region in the USA and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-25T18:19:51.970621","indexId":"70215596","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-04T13:16:41","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unprocessed atmospheric nitrate in waters of the Northern Forest Region in the USA and Canada","docAbstract":"Little is known about the regional extent and variability of nitrate from atmospheric deposition that is transported to streams without biological processing in forests. We measured water chemistry and isotopic tracers (δ18O and δ15N) of nitrate sources across the Northern Forest Region of the U.S. and Canada and reanalyzed data from other studies to determine when, where, and how unprocessed atmospheric nitrate was transported in catchments. These inputs were more widespread and numerous than commonly recognized, but with high spatial and temporal variability. Only 6 of 32 streams had high fractions (>20%) of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate during baseflow. Seventeen had high fractions during stormflow or snowmelt, which corresponded to large fractions in near-surface soil waters or groundwaters, but not deep groundwater. The remaining 10 streams occasionally had some (<20%) unprocessed atmospheric nitrate during stormflow or baseflow. Large, sporadic events may continue to be cryptic due to atmospheric deposition variation among storms and a near complete lack of monitoring for these events. A general lack of observance may bias perceptions of occurrence; sustained monitoring of chronic nitrogen pollution effects on forests with nitrate source apportionments may offer insights needed to advance the science as well as assess regulatory and management schemes.
The mission of Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center is to provide scientific information needed to conserve and manage the Nation’s natural capital for current and future generations, with an emphasis on migratory birds, Department of the Interior trust resources, and ecosystems of the Nation’s interior. This report provides an overview of the studies conducted at Northern Prairie during fiscal year 2017 in pursuit of this mission. Studies are organized under a framework developed by the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area, identifying primary and secondary alignment with focal areas of research, and summarizing recent scientific products resulting from these studies. Partnerships with Federal, State, and non-Governmental organizations are essential to a robust program of applied ecological research, and we thank our many collaborators and colleagues whose contributions made this work possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1451","usgsCitation":"Sherfy, M.H., ed., 2019, U.S. Geological Survey—Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center 2017 research activity report: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1451, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1451.","productDescription":"viii, 63 p.","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-095300","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361657,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1451/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":361658,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1451/circ1451.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Circular 1451"}],"contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
Climate change is an increasing concern for wildlife managers across the United States and Canada. Because climate change may alter populations and harvest dynamics of key species in the region, midwestern states have identified the effects of climate change on ungulates as a priority research area. We conducted a literature review of projected climate change in the Midwest and the potential effects on white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and moose (Alces alces). Warmer temperatures and decreasing snowpack in the region favor survival of white‐tailed deer. In contrast, moose may become physiologically stressed in response to warming, and increasing deer populations spreading disease will exacerbate the problem. Although there is some uncertainty about exactly how the climate will change, and to what degree, robust projections suggest that deer populations will increase in response to climate change and moose populations will decrease. Managers can begin preparing for these changes by proactively creating management plans that take this into account.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21649","usgsCitation":"Weiskopf, S.R., LeDee, O., and Thompson, L.M., 2019, Climate change effects on deer and moose in the midwest: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 83, no. 4, p. 769-781, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21649.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"769","endPage":"781","ipdsId":"IP-092479","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21649","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361676,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiskopf, Sarah R. 0000-0002-5933-8191","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5933-8191","contributorId":207699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskopf","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeDee, Olivia E. 0000-0002-7791-5829","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-5829","contributorId":199985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeDee","given":"Olivia E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Laura M. 0000-0002-7884-6001 lthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7884-6001","contributorId":5366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Laura","email":"lthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202449,"text":"70202449 - 2019 - The plant diversity sampling design for The National Ecological Observatory Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T10:31:49","indexId":"70202449","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-04T10:31:45","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The plant diversity sampling design for The National Ecological Observatory Network","docAbstract":"The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) is designed to facilitate an understanding of the impact of environmental change on ecological systems. Observations of plant diversity—responsive to changes in climate, disturbance, and land use, and ecologically linked to soil, biogeochemistry, and organisms—result in NEON data products that cross a range of organizational levels. Collections include samples of plant tissue to enable investigations of genetics, plot‐based observations of incidence and cover of native and non‐native species, observations of plant functional traits, archived vouchers of plants, and remote sensing airborne observations. Spatially integrating many ecological observations allows a description of the relationship of plant diversity to climate, land use, organisms, and substrates. Repeating the observations over decades and across the United States will iteratively improve our understanding of those relationships and allow for the testing of system‐level hypotheses as well as the development of predictions of future conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2603","usgsCitation":"Barnett, D.T., Adler, P.B., Chemel, B.R., Duffy, P.A., Enquist, B.J., Grace, J.B., Harrison, S.P., Peet, R.K., Schimel, D.S., Stohlgren, T.J., and Vellend, M., 2019, The plant diversity sampling design for The National Ecological Observatory Network: Ecosphere, v. 10, no. 2, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2603.","productDescription":"e02603; 18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","ipdsId":"IP-093102","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2603","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnett, David T.","contributorId":213893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnett","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":38923,"text":"National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adler, Peter B.","contributorId":64789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adler","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chemel, Benjamin R.","contributorId":213894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chemel","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38924,"text":"Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duffy, Paul A.","contributorId":148013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duffy","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16973,"text":"Neptune and Company Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Enquist, Brian J.","contributorId":177416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Enquist","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harrison, Susan P.","contributorId":147735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16917,"text":"Dept. of Env. Sci. and Policy, University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Peet, Robert K.","contributorId":12711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peet","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schimel, David S.","contributorId":211508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimel","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J.","contributorId":213895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38925,"text":"Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Vellend, Mark","contributorId":213896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vellend","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38926,"text":"De´partement de biologie, Universite´ de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70202455,"text":"70202455 - 2019 - Heat and mass transport in a vapor-dominated hydrothermal area in Yellowstone National Park, USA: Inferences from magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, subsurface temperature and diffuse CO2 flux measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T10:29:35","indexId":"70202455","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-04T10:29:31","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Heat and mass transport in a vapor-dominated hydrothermal area in Yellowstone National Park, USA: Inferences from magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, subsurface temperature and diffuse CO2 flux measurements","title":"Heat and mass transport in a vapor-dominated hydrothermal area in Yellowstone National Park, USA: Inferences from magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, subsurface temperature and diffuse CO2 flux measurements","docAbstract":"Vapor‐dominated hydrothermal systems are characterized by localized and elevated heat and gas flux. In these systems, steam and gas ascend from a boiling water reservoir, steam condenses beneath a low‐permeability cap layer, and liquid water descends, driven by gravity (“heat pipe” model). We combine magnetic, electromagnetic, and geoelectrical methods and CO2 flux and subsurface temperature measurements in the Solfatara Plateau Thermal Area in the Yellowstone Caldera to address several fundamental questions: (1) What are the structural and/or lithological controls on heat and mass transport in vapor‐dominated areas? (2) What is the geometry and size of convecting multiphase thermal plumes? (3) Are thermal plumes associated with subsurface rock alteration and demagnetization? Magnetic and electromagnetic data inversions suggest an asymmetric 50‐ to 100‐m thick basin of glacial deposits with the thickest part adjacent to the margin of a rhyolite flow. The 3‐D electrical conductivity model in the glacial basin reveals a narrow vertical conductor interpreted as a focused multiphase plume, which coincides at the ground surface with the heat and CO2 flux maxima. The magnetic data suggest that destruction of magnetic minerals due to rock alteration associated with the hydrothermal plume occurs mainly near the ground surface. We propose a model where the buoyant multiphase plume forms in response to decompression, boiling, and phase separation of pressurized thermal groundwater that discharges from the brecciated base of a rhyolite flow into the basin of glacial deposits. Results from multiphase groundwater flow and heat transport numerical simulations corroborate the first‐order characteristics of this model.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018JB016202","usgsCitation":"Bouligand, C., Hurwitz, S., Vandemeulebrouck, J., Byrdina, S., Kass, M.A., and Lewicki, J.L., 2019, Heat and mass transport in a vapor-dominated hydrothermal area in Yellowstone National Park, USA: Inferences from magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, subsurface temperature and diffuse CO2 flux measurements: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 124, no. 1, p. 291-309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016202.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"309","ipdsId":"IP-098703","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/e8f358ca-154d-4c4f-a21a-cd87db837f8c","text":"External Repository"},{"id":361674,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.75,\n 44.5833\n ],\n [\n -110.5,\n 44.5833\n ],\n [\n -110.5,\n 44.75\n ],\n [\n -110.75,\n 44.75\n ],\n [\n -110.75,\n 44.5833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouligand, Claire","contributorId":71662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouligand","given":"Claire","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vandemeulebrouck, Jean","contributorId":101973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandemeulebrouck","given":"Jean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byrdina, Svetlana","contributorId":213911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrdina","given":"Svetlana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kass, Mason A. 0000-0001-6119-2593 mkass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6119-2593","contributorId":613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kass","given":"Mason","email":"mkass@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lewicki, Jennifer L. 0000-0003-1994-9104 jlewicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-9104","contributorId":5071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewicki","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlewicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70201030,"text":"sir20185161 - 2019 - Assessment of Columbia and Willamette River flood stage on the Columbia Corridor Levee System at Portland, Oregon, in a future climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T09:26:09","indexId":"sir20185161","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-04T10:11:16","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5161","displayTitle":"Assessment of Columbia and Willamette River Flood Stage on the Columbia Corridor Levee System at Portland, Oregon, in a Future Climate","title":"Assessment of Columbia and Willamette River flood stage on the Columbia Corridor Levee System at Portland, Oregon, in a future climate","docAbstract":"To support Levee Ready Columbia’s (LRC’s) effort to re-certify levees along the Columbia and Willamette Rivers and remain accredited, two 2-dimensional hydraulic models, Adaptive Hydraulics and Delft3D-Flexible Mesh, were used to simulate the effects of plausible extreme high water during the 2030 to 2059 period. The Columbia River was simulated from Bonneville Dam, situated at river mile (RM) 145, to the mouth of Columbia River, and the Willamette River was simulated from Willamette Falls, RM 26.2, to the Columbia River confluence. Inputs to the models included light detection and ranging (lidar) and bathymetric mapping data to determine bed level, and boundary conditions in the form of daily inflow hydrographs and water levels in the ocean offshore of the mouth of the Columbia River.
Future conditions were based on climate science data developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and others. These conditions included future streamflow and coastal ocean water levels. The hypothetical, extreme but plausible, upstream boundary was based on scaling up the hydrographs from the 1996 flood. Scaling factors were determined by comparing the peak flow rankings determined from flood frequency analyses of historical unregulated periods and 2040s simulated unregulated winter streamflow. The comparison resulted in scaling up the Columbia River hydrograph by 40-percent and scaling up the Willamette River and Lower Columbia River tributaries hydrographs by 20-percent. The downstream ocean boundary was based on a combination of sea-level change, high tide, and storm surge.
The models were calibrated for two historical periods: (1) from January 15 to February 28, 1996, and (2) from April 12 to July 12, 1997. The two models compared well to the measured water-surface elevation over the historical periods and had good performance statistics, with root-mean square error ranging from 0.085 to 0.32 meters, Nash-Sutcliffe values greater than 0.96, and bias ranging from -0.03 to 0.28 meters. The simulated peak stage in the Columbia River at Vancouver, Washington, for 1996 was 9.60 and 9.98 meters (31.5 and 32.7 feet) compared to the measured peak of 9.89 meters (32.5 feet). Future peak stage then was simulated with boundary conditions representing extreme but plausible future conditions at the inflow sites and the ocean boundary.
The two calibrated models compared well in their simulations of extreme but plausible future conditions. For the 0-meter sea-level change scenario, the simulated peak stage in the Columbia River at Vancouver was 11.15 and 11.39 meters (36.6 and 37.4 feet); and for the 1-meter sea-level change scenario, the simulated peak stage in the Columbia River was 11.25 and 11.54 meters (36.9 and 37.9 feet). The total increase in stage as compared to the 1996 measured peak stage ranged from 1.26 to 1.65 meters (4.13 to 5.40 feet).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185161","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Levee Ready Columbia","usgsCitation":"Wherry, S.A., Wood, T.M., Moritz, H.R., and Duffy, K.B., 2019, Assessment of Columbia and Willamette River flood stage on the Columbia Corridor Levee System at Portland, Oregon, in a future climate: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018-5161, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185161.","productDescription":"vii, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-096367","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5161/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":361539,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5161/sir20185161.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5161"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.112548828125,\n 44.953136827528816\n ],\n [\n -119.9981689453125,\n 44.953136827528816\n ],\n [\n -119.9981689453125,\n 46.5172957536981\n ],\n [\n -124.112548828125,\n 46.5172957536981\n ],\n [\n -124.112548828125,\n 44.953136827528816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
The Arizona hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. arizonicus) is endemic to central Arizona in Gila and Pinal Counties, and has been federally listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) since 1979. Mining, mineral exploration, and highway development have resulted in habitat degradation and loss of individual plants. Therefore, decreases in the population of the cactus are expected to continue. In response to a request from FWS to compile, evaluate, and synthesize data for the cactus, we identified and evaluated existing survey and monitoring data for the cactus and conducted a demographic analysis with suitable data.
Systematic surveys for the Arizona hedgehog cactus did not begin until the late 1970s. Early surveys generally were anecdotal descriptions of cactus populations and precisely georeferenced records of individual cactus occurrence did not occur until global positioning systems were widely used. Much of the georeferenced data have been collected by consultants for mining operations, the Arizona Department of Transportation, the U.S. Forest Service, and independent surveyors. Occurrence records have been compiled by the Arizona Game and Fish Department Heritage Data Management System, but submission of these data may be incomplete, and the attributes reported have varied among the contributing entities. The compilation and management of survey data is essential for field-based evidence of the size, distribution, and range extent of the cactus. In support of consistency in future survey data collection, this report makes several suggestions for future surveys.
Monitoring for the Arizona hedgehog cactus, defined as repeat observations of the status of cactus individuals, has been done by consulting companies for three mines. Demographic monitoring further involves marking individual cacti in consistently defined plots and recording the fate of each cacti through time, including birth, growth, reproduction, and death. We were able to use demographic monitoring data provided by two consulting companies to calculate survival and population growth rates, using several statistical approaches. Resulting models indicate that larger cacti, as measured by their number of stems, have greater survival rates. Larger individuals also had higher probability of producing more flowers. Small cacti had the lowest survivorship, with potentially only 15–20 percent reaching large size. Most populations monitored by the two companies were stable to increasing. However, there were differences in the growth rates among plots and some plots had negative population growth rates. The demographic monitoring data we used represented relatively dense populations of undisturbed cacti. Hence, overall positive population growth rates were not influenced by any large-scale disturbances. Previous analyses with cacti and other species suggest that more than 10 years of data are necessary to accurately forecast long-term population trajectories. As the monitoring intervals we evaluated were shorter, they represent short-term dynamics only. Several suggestions are made in the report to improve collection of monitoring data to support evidence-based estimates of demographic characteristics of the Arizona hedgehog cactus.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arizona Ecological Services","usgsCitation":"Thomas, K.A., Shryock, D.F., and Esque, T.C., 2019, Arizona hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. arizonicus)—A systematic data assessment in support of recovery: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019-1004, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191004.","productDescription":"viii, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-099658","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361617,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1004/ofr20191004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1004"},{"id":361616,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1004/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Gila County, Pinal County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.22421264648438,\n 33.25534082823907\n ],\n [\n -110.9014892578125,\n 33.25534082823907\n ],\n [\n -110.9014892578125,\n 33.48070852506531\n ],\n [\n -111.22421264648438,\n 33.48070852506531\n ],\n [\n -111.22421264648438,\n 33.25534082823907\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Southwest Biological Science Center
520 N. Park Avenue, Suite 221
University of Arizona, Building 120
Tucson, Arizona 85719
Age variation in reproductive performance is well-documented but the mechanisms underlying this variation remain unclear. Foraging efficiency is likely to be a key source of demographic variation as it determines the amount of energy that can be invested in fitness-related activities. Evidence of age-related changes in the foraging efficiency of adult seabirds is scarce and inconsistent. We investigated the effects of age on the foraging efficiency of breeding Adélie penguins, a relatively short-lived seabird species, in order to gain a broader perspective on the processes driving variation in ageing rates. We found support for a positive effect of age, either linear or levelling off at old ages, on both our proxies for daily catch rate and catch per unit effort. Across all age classes, males were more performant foragers than females. We found no strong evidence for differing ageing patterns between sexes or individual quality levels, and no evidence for senescence. We infer that continuous individual improvement could be responsible for a larger amount of the variation in foraging efficiency with age at our study site, compared with selective disappearance of underperforming phenotypes. The different results reported by other studies highlight the need to conduct longitudinal studies across a range of species in different environments.
Sucralose is an increasingly popular artificial sweetener and has been found in the environment in groundwater, surface water, and wastewater treatment plant effluent. Its chemical properties make it strongly recalcitrant in the environment and it has been used as a conservative tracer of human wastewater in recent years. Most current methods of sucralose analysis use high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) instrumentation. In this study, we describe an analytical method using silylation derivatization and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the quantification of sucralose in groundwater samples. This method employs a deuterium-labeled internal standard to account for reaction and sample processing imprecision. The deuterated internal standard as well as experiments using negative ion chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry strongly indicate that sucralose is derivatized at all five hydroxyl positions with trimethyl silyl groups. A previously developed GC-MS method with derivatization of sucralose in environmental samples did not employ an internal standard for quantification. As such, this method represents a more robust methodological approach for sucralose quantification in environmental samples. The method detection limit based on a set of 15 method blanks was calculated to be 21.8 ng L−1, which is competitive with most methods in the published literature and sufficient to detect sucralose in water with ∼0.1% wastewater contribution. The method was applied to 37 groundwater samples from drinking water wells in California's Central Valley, in which five samples (13.5%) were found to contain sucralose at concentrations greater than the 21.8 ng L−1 detection limit.
Ecologists use classifications of individuals in categories to understand composition of populations and communities. These categories might be defined by demographics, functional traits, or species. Assignment of categories is often imperfect, but frequently treated as observations without error. When individuals are observed but not classified, these “partial” observations must be modified to include the missing data mechanism to avoid spurious inference.
We developed two hierarchical Bayesian models to overcome the assumption of perfect assignment to mutually exclusive categories in the multinomial distribution of categorical counts, when classifications are missing. These models incorporate auxiliary information to adjust the posterior distributions of the proportions of membership in categories. In one model, we use an empirical Bayes approach, where a subset of data from one year serves as a prior for the missing data the next. In the other approach, we use a small random sample of data within a year to inform the distribution of the missing data.
We performed a simulation to show the bias that occurs when partial observations were ignored and demonstrated the altered inference for the estimation of demographic ratios. We applied our models to demographic classifications of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) to demonstrate improved inference for the proportions of sex and stage classes.
We developed multiple modeling approaches using a generalizable nested multinomial structure to account for partially observed data that were missing not at random for classification counts. Accounting for classification uncertainty is important to accurately understand the composition of populations and communities in ecological studies.
This postcard provides details about the \"Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program—2018 Year in Review,\" U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1452, now available at https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1452. In this report, you will find details about the Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units (CRU) program relating to its background, fish and wildlife science, students, staffing, vacancies, research funding, outreach and training, science themes, accolades, and professional services. You will see snapshots of CRU projects with information on how results have been or are being applied by cooperators. This is the essence of what we do: science that matters.
Throughout the year, keep up with CRU research projects at http://www.coopunits.org.
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