{"pageNumber":"763","pageRowStart":"19050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40778,"records":[{"id":70034053,"text":"70034053 - 2011 - Paleoceanographic changes on the Farallon Escarpment off central California during the last 16,000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034053","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoceanographic changes on the Farallon Escarpment off central California during the last 16,000 years","docAbstract":"New benthic and planktic foraminiferal assemblage census data and Benthic Foraminiferal Oxygen Index (BFOI) values, previously published marine climate proxy data (stable isotopes and Ca/Cd), and unpublished results of total carbon, organic carbon, and calcium carbonate analyses of sediments recovered off central California on the Farallon Escarpment (1605m water depth; 37??13.4???N, 123??14.6???W; core F-8-90-G21) document paleoceanographic changes during the latest Quaternary which reflect the intensity and source of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) and surface productivity. Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates of both benthic and planktic species provide an excellent age-depth model for the last 16,000 years, covering the latest glacial, B??lling-Aller??d, Younger Dryas, and early, middle, and late Holocene intervals. A Q-mode cluster analysis separated the benthic fauna into three clusters, one Pleistocene and two Holocene, whereas the planktic fauna was divided only into Pleistocene and Holocene clusters. Stable oxygen isotope values show an increase in water temperature of ~1??C from the late glacial to late Holocene and a change in faunal composition of the planktic assemblage implies surface waters warmed as well. A general trend of decreasing dissolved oxygen concentration from the Pleistocene (high oxic; 3.0-6.0+ ml/l O2) to the Holocene (low oxic; 1.5-3.0ml/l O2) suggested by the BFOI and Cd/Ca data reflect decreased ventilation as the source of the NPIW shifted from the Sea of Okhotsk to the tropical east Pacific at ~11,000 cal BP. The middle Holocene cooling reported in other central and northern California margin studies is not apparent in F-8-90-G21, which compares more favorably with studies from southern California and British Columbia. Total carbon and organic carbon values are highest in the B??lling-Aller??d, early Holocene, and late Holocene. Similarly, calcium carbonate values are high in the B??lling-Aller??d and peak in the early Holocene, but decrease significantly in the latest middle and late Holocene which coincides with a depauparate planktic foraminiferal fauna in the upper 60cm (~70000-0 cal BP) of the core and poor preservation of the benthic foraminiferal fauna at 40cm (~3000 cal BP). Decoupling is evident between the planktic and benthic faunal response to changing climatic conditions, with the surface-dwelling assemblage often leading the bottom-dwelling assemblage by several millennia. ?? 2010.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2010.09.005","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"McGann, M., 2011, Paleoceanographic changes on the Farallon Escarpment off central California during the last 16,000 years: Quaternary International, v. 235, no. 1-2, p. 26-39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2010.09.005.","startPage":"26","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216629,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2010.09.005"}],"volume":"235","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73b4e4b0c8380cd771c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGann, M. 0000-0002-3057-2945","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":49125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034055,"text":"70034055 - 2011 - LiDAR-Assisted identification of an active fault near Truckee, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T11:12:17","indexId":"70034055","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"LiDAR-Assisted identification of an active fault near Truckee, California","docAbstract":"We use high-resolution (1.5-2.4 points/m2) bare-earth airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) imagery to identify, map, constrain, and visualize fault-related geomorphology in densely vegetated terrain surrounding Martis Creek Dam near Truckee, California. Bare-earth LiDAR imagery reveals a previously unrecognized and apparently youthful right-lateral strike-slip fault that exhibits laterally continuous tectonic geomorphic features over a 35-km-long zone. If these interpretations are correct, the fault, herein named the Polaris fault, may represent a significant seismic hazard to the greater Truckee-Lake Tahoe and Reno-Carson City regions. Three-dimensional modeling of an offset late Quaternary terrace riser indicates a minimum tectonic slip rate of 0.4 ?? 0.1 mm/yr.Mapped fault patterns are fairly typical of regional patterns elsewhere in the northern Walker Lane and are in strong coherence with moderate magnitude historical seismicity of the immediate area, as well as the current regional stress regime. Based on a range of surface-rupture lengths and depths to the base of the seismogenic zone, we estimate a maximum earthquake magnitude (M) for the Polaris fault to be between 6.4 and 6.9.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120090261","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hunter, L.E., Howle, J., Rose, R., and Bawden, G., 2011, LiDAR-Assisted identification of an active fault near Truckee, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 3, p. 1162-1181, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090261.","startPage":"1162","endPage":"1181","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216657,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120090261"}],"volume":"101","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4748e4b0c8380cd677f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, L. E.","contributorId":100207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howle, J. F. 0000-0003-0491-6203","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":66294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, R.S.","contributorId":31231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bawden, G.W.","contributorId":61139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034056,"text":"70034056 - 2011 - Modeling routes of chronic wasting disease transmission: Environmental prion persistence promotes deer population decline and extinction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:28:10","indexId":"70034056","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling routes of chronic wasting disease transmission: Environmental prion persistence promotes deer population decline and extinction","docAbstract":"<p>Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal disease of deer, elk, and moose transmitted through direct, animal-to-animal contact, and indirectly, via environmental contamination. Considerable attention has been paid to modeling direct transmission, but despite the fact that CWD prions can remain infectious in the environment for years, relatively little information exists about the potential effects of indirect transmission on CWD dynamics. In the present study, we use simulation models to demonstrate how indirect transmission and the duration of environmental prion persistence may affect epidemics of CWD and populations of North American deer. Existing data from Colorado, Wyoming, and Wisconsin's CWD epidemics were used to define plausible short-term outcomes and associated parameter spaces. Resulting long-term outcomes range from relatively low disease prevalence and limited host-population decline to host-population collapse and extinction. Our models suggest that disease prevalence and the severity of population decline is driven by the duration that prions remain infectious in the environment. Despite relatively low epidemic growth rates, the basic reproductive number, R0, may be much larger than expected under the direct-transmission paradigm because the infectious period can vastly exceed the host's life span. High prion persistence is expected to lead to an increasing environmental pool of prions during the early phases (i.e. approximately during the first 50 years) of the epidemic. As a consequence, over this period of time, disease dynamics will become more heavily influenced by indirect transmission, which may explain some of the observed regional differences in age and sex-specific disease patterns. This suggests management interventions, such as culling or vaccination, will become increasingly less effective as CWD epidemics progress.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0019896","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Almberg, E., Cross, P.C., Johnson, C.J., Heisey, D.M., and Richards, B.J., 2011, Modeling routes of chronic wasting disease transmission: Environmental prion persistence promotes deer population decline and extinction: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 5, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019896.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475253,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019896","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Wisconsin, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.791015625,\n              42.4639928001706\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.659912109375,\n              42.45588764197166\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.791748046875,\n              43.20517581723733\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.62695312499999,\n              43.874138181474734\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.38525390624999,\n              44.37098696297173\n            ],\n 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,{"id":70034058,"text":"70034058 - 2011 - A decision-analytic approach to the optimal allocation of resources for endangered species consultation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T13:06:27","indexId":"70034058","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A decision-analytic approach to the optimal allocation of resources for endangered species consultation","docAbstract":"<p>The resources available to support conservation work, whether time or money, are limited. Decision makers need methods to help them identify the optimal allocation of limited resources to meet conservation goals, and decision analysis is uniquely suited to assist with the development of such methods. In recent years, a number of case studies have been described that examine optimal conservation decisions under fiscal constraints; here we develop methods to look at other types of constraints, including limited staff and regulatory deadlines. In the US, Section Seven consultation, an important component of protection under the federal Endangered Species Act, requires that federal agencies overseeing projects consult with federal biologists to avoid jeopardizing species. A benefit of consultation is negotiation of project modifications that lessen impacts on species, so staff time allocated to consultation supports conservation. However, some offices have experienced declining staff, potentially reducing the efficacy of consultation. This is true of the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Washington Fish and Wildlife Office (WFWO) and its consultation work on federally-threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). To improve effectiveness, WFWO managers needed a tool to help allocate this work to maximize conservation benefits. We used a decision-analytic approach to score projects based on the value of staff time investment, and then identified an optimal decision rule for how scored projects would be allocated across bins, where projects in different bins received different time investments. We found that, given current staff, the optimal decision rule placed 80% of informal consultations (those where expected effects are beneficial, insignificant, or discountable) in a short bin where they would be completed without negotiating changes. The remaining 20% would be placed in a long bin, warranting an investment of seven days, including time for negotiation. For formal consultations (those where expected effects are significant), 82% of projects would be placed in a long bin, with an average time investment of 15. days. The WFWO is using this decision-support tool to help allocate staff time. Because workload allocation decisions are iterative, we describe a monitoring plan designed to increase the tool's efficacy over time. This work has general application beyond Section Seven consultation, in that it provides a framework for efficient investment of staff time in conservation when such time is limited and when regulatory deadlines prevent an unconstrained approach. ?? 2010.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.009","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Converse, S.J., Shelley, K.J., Morey, S., Chan, J., LaTier, A., Scafidi, C., Crouse, D.T., and Runge, M.C., 2011, A decision-analytic approach to the optimal allocation of resources for endangered species consultation: Biological Conservation, v. 144, no. 1, p. 319-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.009.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"329","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216717,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.009"}],"volume":"144","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3aae4b0c8380cd46174","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":3513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":443857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelley, Kevin J.","contributorId":173713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shelley","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morey, Steve","contributorId":147048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morey","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":443862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chan, Jeffrey","contributorId":173712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chan","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LaTier, Andrea","contributorId":173711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaTier","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scafidi, Carolyn","contributorId":173710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scafidi","given":"Carolyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crouse, Deborah T.","contributorId":173709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crouse","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032677,"text":"70032677 - 2011 - Cougar space use and movements in the wildland-urban landscape of western Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70032677","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cougar space use and movements in the wildland-urban landscape of western Washington","docAbstract":"The wildland-urban interface lies at the confluence of human-dominated and wild landscapes, creating a number of management and conservation challenges. Because wildlife ecology, behavior, and evolution at this interface are shaped by both natural and human phenomena, this requires greater understanding of how diverse factors affect ecosystem and population processes. We illustrate the challenge of understanding and managing a frequent and often undesired inhabitant of the wildland-urban landscape, the cougar (Puma concolor). In wildland and residential areas of western Washington State, USA, we captured and radiotracked 27 cougars to model space use and understand the role of landscape features in interactions (sightings, encounters, and depredations) between cougars and humans. Resource utilization functions (RUFs) identified cougar use of areas with features that were probably attractive to prey, influential on prey vulnerability, and associated with limited or no residential development. Early-successional forest (+), conifer forest (+), distance to road (-), residential density (-), and elevation (-) were significant positive and negative predictors of use for the population, whereas use of other landscape features was highly variable. Space use and movement rates in wildland and residential areas were similar because cougars used wildland-like forest patches, reserves, and corridors in residential portions of their home range. The population RUF was a good predictor of confirmed cougar interactions, with 72% of confirmed reports occurring in the 50% of the landscape predicted to be medium-high and high cougar use areas. We believe that there is a threshold residential density at which the level of development modifies the habitat but maintains enough wildland characteristics to encourage moderate levels of cougar use and maximize the probability of interaction. Wildlife managers trying to reduce interactions between cougars and people should incorporate information on spatial ecology and landscape characteristics to identify areas with the highest overlap of human and cougar use to focus management, education, and landscape planning. Resource utilization functions provide a proactive tool to guide these activities for improved coexistence with wildlife using both wildland and residential portions of the landscape. ??2011 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/11-0947.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Kertson, B., Spencer, R., Marzluff, J., Hepinstall-Cymerman, J., and Grue, C., 2011, Cougar space use and movements in the wildland-urban landscape of western Washington: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 8, p. 2866-2881, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0947.1.","startPage":"2866","endPage":"2881","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214079,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-0947.1"}],"volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc81e4b0c8380cd4e2b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kertson, B.N.","contributorId":37969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kertson","given":"B.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spencer, R.D.","contributorId":58064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marzluff, J.M.","contributorId":15152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marzluff","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hepinstall-Cymerman, Jeffrey","contributorId":51998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hepinstall-Cymerman","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grue, C.E.","contributorId":86446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grue","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034066,"text":"70034066 - 2011 - Wave constraints for Titan's Jingpo Lacus and Kraken Mare from VIMS specular reflection lightcurves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034066","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave constraints for Titan's Jingpo Lacus and Kraken Mare from VIMS specular reflection lightcurves","docAbstract":"Stephan et al. (Stephan, K. et al. [2010]. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, 7104-+.) first saw the glint of sunlight specularly reflected off of Titan's lakes. We develop a quantitative model for analyzing the photometric lightcurve generated during a flyby in which the specularly reflected light flux depends on the fraction of the solar specular footprint that is covered by liquid. We allow for surface waves that spread out the geographic specular intensity distribution. Applying the model to the VIMS T58 observations shows that the waves on Jingpo Lacus must have slopes of no greater than 0.15??, two orders of magnitude flatter than waves on Earth's oceans. Combining the model with theoretical estimates of the intensity of the specular reflection allows a tighter constraint on the waves: <0.05?? Residual specular signal while the specular point lies on land implies that either the land is wetted, the wave slope distribution is non-Gaussian, or that 5% of the land off the southwest edge of Jingpo Lacus is covered in puddles. Another specular sequence off of Kraken Mare acquired during Cassini's T59 flyby shows rapid flux changes that the static model cannot reproduce. Points just 1. min apart vary in flux by more than a factor of two. The present dataset does not uniquely determine the mechanism causing these rapid changes. We suggest that changing wind conditions, kilometer-wavelength waves, or moving clouds could account for the variability. Future specular observations should be designed with a fast cadence, at least 6 points per minute, in order to differentiate between these hypotheses. Such new data will further constrain the nature of Titan's lakes and their interactions with Titan's atmosphere. ?? 2010 Elsevier Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.022","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Barnes, J.W., Soderblom, J., Brown, R.H., Soderblom, L., Stephan, K., Jaumann, R., Le Mouélic, S., Rodriguez, S., Sotin, C., Buratti, B.J., Baines, K.H., Clark, R.N., and Nicholson, P.D., 2011, Wave constraints for Titan's Jingpo Lacus and Kraken Mare from VIMS specular reflection lightcurves: Icarus, v. 211, no. 1, p. 722-731, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.022.","startPage":"722","endPage":"731","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216838,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.022"}],"volume":"211","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf8ee4b08c986b32e984","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, J. W.","contributorId":14554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soderblom, J.M.","contributorId":31097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stephan, K.","contributorId":8976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephan","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Le Mouélic, Stéphane","contributorId":99400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Mouélic","given":"Stéphane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rodriguez, S.","contributorId":54329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70034079,"text":"70034079 - 2011 - Secondary chaotic terrain formation in the higher outflow channels of southern circum-Chryse, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034079","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Secondary chaotic terrain formation in the higher outflow channels of southern circum-Chryse, Mars","docAbstract":"Higher outflow channel dissection in the martian region of southern circum-Chryse appears to have extended from the Late Hesperian to the Middle Amazonian Epoch. These outflow channels were excavated within the upper 1. km of the cryolithosphere, where no liquid water is expected to have existed during these geologic epochs. In accordance with previous work, our examination of outflow channel floor morphologies suggests the upper crust excavated by the studied outflow channels consisted of a thin (a few tens of meters) layer of dry geologic materials overlying an indurated zone that extends to the bases of the investigated outflow channels (1. km in depth). We find that the floors of these outflow channels contain widespread secondary chaotic terrains (i.e., chaotic terrains produced by the destruction of channel-floor materials). These chaotic terrains occur within the full range of outflow channel dissection and tend to form clusters. Our examination of the geology of these chaotic terrains suggests that their formation did not result in the generation of floods. Nevertheless, despite their much smaller dimensions, these chaotic terrains are comprised of the same basic morphologic elements (e.g., mesas, knobs, and smooth deposits within scarp-bound depressions) as those located in the initiation zones of the outflow channels, which suggests that their formation must have involved the release of ground volatiles. We propose that these chaotic terrains developed not catastrophically but gradually and during multiple episodes of nested surface collapse. In order to explain the formation of secondary chaotic terrains within zones of outflow channel dissection, we propose that the regional Martian cryolithosphere contained widespread lenses of volatiles in liquid form. In this model, channel floor collapse and secondary chaotic terrain formation would have taken place as a consequence of instabilities arising during their exhumation by outflow channel dissection. Within relatively warm upper crustal materials in volcanic settings, or within highly saline crustal materials where cryopegs developed, lenses of volatiles in liquid form within the cryolithosphere could have formed, and/or remained stable.In addition, our numerical simulations suggest that low thermal conductivity, dry fine-grained porous geologic materials just a few tens of meters in thickness (e.g., dunes, sand sheets, some types of regolith materials), could have produced high thermal anomalies resulting in subsurface melting. The existence of a global layer of dry geologic materials overlying the cryolithosphere would suggest that widespread lenses of fluids existed (and may still exist) at shallow depths wherever these materials are fine-grained and porous. The surface ages of the investigated outflow channels and chaotic terrains span a full 500 to 700. Myr. Chaotic terrains similar in dimensions and morphology to secondary chaotic terrains are not observed conspicuously throughout the surface of Mars, suggesting that intra-cryolithospheric fluid lenses may form relatively stable systems. The existence of widespread groundwater lenses at shallow depths of burial has tremendous implications for exobiological studies and future human exploration. We find that the clear geomorphologic anomaly that the chaotic terrains and outflow channels of southern Chryse form within the Martian landscape could have been a consequence of large-scale resurfacing resulting from anomalously extensive subsurface melt in this region of the planet produced by high concentrations of salts within the regional upper crust. Crater count statistics reveal that secondary chaotic terrains and the outflow channels within which they occur have overlapping ages, suggesting that the instabilities leading to their formation rapidly dissipated, perhaps as the thickness of the cryolithosphere was reset following the disruption of the upper crustal thermal structure produced during outflow channel ex","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.027","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, J., Kargel, J., Tanaka, K.L., Crown, D., Berman, D., Fairen, A., Baker, V., Furfaro, R., Candelaria, P., and Sasaki, S., 2011, Secondary chaotic terrain formation in the higher outflow channels of southern circum-Chryse, Mars: Icarus, v. 213, no. 1, p. 150-194, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.027.","startPage":"150","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216543,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.027"}],"volume":"213","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8919e4b08c986b316d16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, J.A.P.","contributorId":55948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"J.A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crown, D.A.","contributorId":107918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crown","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Berman, D.C.","contributorId":82557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fairen, A.G.","contributorId":25335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairen","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baker, V.R.","contributorId":47079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Furfaro, R.","contributorId":92887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furfaro","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Candelaria, P.","contributorId":63647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Candelaria","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sasaki, S.","contributorId":78534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasaki","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70034081,"text":"70034081 - 2011 - Terrestrial sensitivity to abrupt cooling recorded by aeolian activity in northwest Ohio, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034081","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrestrial sensitivity to abrupt cooling recorded by aeolian activity in northwest Ohio, USA","docAbstract":"Optically stimulated luminescence dated sand dunes and Pleistocene beach ridges in northwest Ohio are used to reconstruct landscape modification more than 5000. yr after deglaciation. Four of the OSL ages (13.3-11.1. ka) cluster around the Younger Dryas cold event, five ages (10.8-8.2. ka) cluster around the Preboreal, one young age (0.9-0.7. ka) records more recent aeolian activity, and one age of 15.1-13.1. ka dates a barrier spit in Lake Warren. In northwest Ohio, both landscape instability recorded by aeolian activity and a vegetation response recorded by pollen are coeval with the Younger Dryas. However, the climate conditions during the Preboreal resulting in aeolian activity are not recorded in the available pollen records. From this, we conclude that aeolian dunes and surfaces susceptible to deflation are sensitive to cooler, drier episodes of climate and can complement pollen data. Younger Dryas and Preboreal aged aeolian activity in northwestern Ohio coincides with aeolian records elsewhere in the Great Lakes region east of the prairie-forest ecotone. ?? 2011 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2011.01.009","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Campbell, M., Fisher, T., and Goble, R., 2011, Terrestrial sensitivity to abrupt cooling recorded by aeolian activity in northwest Ohio, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 75, no. 3, p. 411-416, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.01.009.","startPage":"411","endPage":"416","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216574,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.01.009"}],"volume":"75","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba563e4b08c986b3209f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, M.C.","contributorId":97348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, T.G.","contributorId":67754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goble, R.J.","contributorId":21265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goble","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034083,"text":"70034083 - 2011 - Toward a consistent model for strain accrual and release for the New Madrid Seismic Zone, central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-30T12:38:09","indexId":"70034083","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward a consistent model for strain accrual and release for the New Madrid Seismic Zone, central United States","docAbstract":"At the heart of the conundrum of seismogenesis in the New Madrid Seismic Zone is the apparently substantial discrepancy between low strain rate and high recent seismic moment release. In this study we revisit the magnitudes of the four principal 1811–1812 earthquakes using intensity values determined from individual assessments from four experts. Using these values and the grid search method of Bakun and Wentworth (1997), we estimate magnitudes around 7.0 for all four events, values that are significantly lower than previously published magnitude estimates based on macroseismic intensities. We further show that the strain rate predicted from postglacial rebound is sufficient to produce a sequence with the moment release of one M<sub>max</sub>6.8 every 500 years, a rate that is much lower than previous estimates of late Holocene moment release. However, M<sub>w</sub>6.8 is at the low end of the uncertainty range inferred from analysis of intensities for the largest 1811–1812 event. We show that M<sub>w</sub>6.8 is also a reasonable value for the largest main shock given a plausible rupture scenario. One can also construct a range of consistent models that permit a somewhat higher M<sub>max</sub>, with a longer average recurrence rate. It is thus possible to reconcile predicted strain and seismic moment release rates with alternative models: one in which 1811–1812 sequences occur every 500 years, with the largest events being M<sub>max</sub>∼6.8, or one in which sequences occur, on average, less frequently, with Mmax of ∼7.0. Both models predict that the late Holocene rate of activity will continue for the next few to 10 thousand years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007783","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., and Page, M., 2011, Toward a consistent model for strain accrual and release for the New Madrid Seismic Zone, central United States: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007783.","costCenters":[{"id":151,"text":"California Field Office","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475250,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007783","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216602,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007783"},{"id":244482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New Madrid Seismic Zone","volume":"116","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5b0e4b08c986b32681f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, M.","contributorId":67649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034086,"text":"70034086 - 2011 - Lunar mare deposits associated with the Orientale impact basin: New insights into mineralogy, history, mode of emplacement, and relation to Orientale Basin evolution from Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) data from Chandrayaan-1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T10:13:58","indexId":"70034086","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lunar mare deposits associated with the Orientale impact basin: New insights into mineralogy, history, mode of emplacement, and relation to Orientale Basin evolution from Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) data from Chandrayaan-1","docAbstract":"Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) image and spectral reflectance data are combined to analyze mare basalt units in and adjacent to the Orientale multiring impact basin. Models are assessed for the relationships between basin formation and mare basalt emplacement. Mare basalt emplacement on the western nearside limb began prior to the Orientale event as evidenced by the presence of cryptomaria. The earliest post-Orientale-event mare basalt emplacement occurred in the center of the basin (Mare Orientale) and postdated the formation of the Orientale Basin by about 60-100 Ma. Over the next several hundred million years, basalt patches were emplaced first along the base of the Outer Rook ring (Lacus Veris) and then along the base of the Cordillera ring (Lacus Autumni), with some overlap in ages. The latest basalt patches are as young as some of the youngest basalt deposits on the lunar nearside. M3 data show several previously undetected mare patches on the southwestern margins of the basin interior. Regardless, the previously documented increase in mare abundance from the southwest toward the northeast is still prominent. We attribute this to crustal and lithospheric trends moving from the farside to the nearside, with correspondingly shallower density and thermal barriers to basaltic magma ascent and eruption toward the nearside. The wide range of model ages for Orientale mare deposits (3.70-1.66 Ga) mirrors the range of nearside mare ages, indicating that the small amount of mare fill in Orientale is not due to early cessation of mare emplacement but rather to limited volumes of extrusion for each phase during the entire period of nearside mare basalt volcanism. This suggests that nearside and farside source regions may be similar but that other factors, such as thermal and crustal thickness barriers to magma ascent and eruption, may be determining the abundance of surface deposits on the limbs and farside. The sequence, timing, and elevation of mare basalt deposits suggest that regional basin-related stresses exerted control on their distribution. Our analysis clearly shows that Orientale serves as an excellent example of the early stages of the filling of impact basins with mare basalt. Copyright ?? 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003736","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Whitten, J., Head, J., Staid, M., Pieters, C., Mustard, J., Clark, R., Nettles, J., Klima, R., and Taylor, L., 2011, Lunar mare deposits associated with the Orientale impact basin: New insights into mineralogy, history, mode of emplacement, and relation to Orientale Basin evolution from Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) data from Chandrayaan-1: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. 4, p. 1-33, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003736.","productDescription":"33 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"33","ipdsId":"IP-024817","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216658,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003736"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a92e4b0c8380cd68e92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitten, J.","contributorId":100649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitten","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Head, J.W.","contributorId":67982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Staid, M.","contributorId":68561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staid","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pieters, C.M.","contributorId":48733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pieters","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16929,"text":"Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":444006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mustard, J.","contributorId":103458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mustard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clark, R.","contributorId":100780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nettles, J.","contributorId":108340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nettles","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Klima, R.L.","contributorId":29238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klima","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Taylor, L.","contributorId":71417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70034093,"text":"70034093 - 2011 - Past and ongoing shifts in Joshua tree distribution support future modeled range contraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-14T10:00:44","indexId":"70034093","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Past and ongoing shifts in Joshua tree distribution support future modeled range contraction","docAbstract":"The future distribution of the Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) is projected by combining a geostatistical analysis of 20th-century climates over its current range, future modeled climates, and paleoecological data showing its response to a past similar climate change. As climate rapidly warmed ;11 700 years ago, the range of Joshua tree contracted, leaving only the populations near what had been its northernmost limit. Its ability to spread northward into new suitable habitats after this time may have been inhibited by the somewhat earlier extinction of megafaunal dispersers, especially the Shasta ground sloth. We applied a model of climate suitability for Joshua tree, developed from its 20th-century range and climates, to future climates modeled through a set of six individual general circulation models (GCM) and one suite of 22 models for the late 21st century. All distribution data, observed climate data, and future GCM results were scaled to spatial grids of ;1 km and ;4 km in order to facilitate application within this topographically complex region. All of the models project the future elimination of Joshua tree throughout most of the southern portions of its current range. Although estimates of future monthly precipitation differ between the models, these changes are outweighed by large increases in temperature common to all the models. Only a few populations within the current range are predicted to be sustainable. Several models project significant potential future expansion into new areas beyond the current range, but the species' Historical and current rates of dispersal would seem to prevent natural expansion into these new areas. Several areas are predicted to be potential sites for relocation/ assisted migration. This project demonstrates how information from paleoecology and modern ecology can be integrated in order to understand ongoing processes and future distributions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/09-1800.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Cole, K.L., Ironside, K., Eischeid, J.K., Garfin, G., Duffy, P., and Toney, C., 2011, Past and ongoing shifts in Joshua tree distribution support future modeled range contraction: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 1, p. 137-149, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1800.1.","startPage":"137","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216754,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-1800.1"},{"id":244640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a757fe4b0c8380cd77ba4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Kenneth L.","contributorId":48533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ironside, Kirsten","contributorId":19808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ironside","given":"Kirsten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eischeid, Jon K.","contributorId":70214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eischeid","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garfin, Gregg","contributorId":97740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garfin","given":"Gregg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duffy, Phil","contributorId":50756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"Phil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Toney, Chris","contributorId":86598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toney","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032678,"text":"70032678 - 2011 - A data-driven approach for modeling post-fire debris-flow volumes and their uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T13:36:07","indexId":"70032678","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A data-driven approach for modeling post-fire debris-flow volumes and their uncertainty","docAbstract":"<p>This study demonstrates the novel application of genetic programming to evolve nonlinear post-fire debris-flow volume equations from variables associated with a data-driven conceptual model of the western United States. The search space is constrained using a multi-component objective function that simultaneously minimizes root-mean squared and unit errors for the evolution of fittest equations. An optimization technique is then used to estimate the limits of nonlinear prediction uncertainty associated with the debris-flow equations. In contrast to a published multiple linear regression three-variable equation, linking basin area with slopes greater or equal to 30 percent, burn severity characterized as area burned moderate plus high, and total storm rainfall, the data-driven approach discovers many nonlinear and several dimensionally consistent equations that are unbiased and have less prediction uncertainty. Of the nonlinear equations, the best performance (lowest prediction uncertainty) is achieved when using three variables: average basin slope, total burned area, and total storm rainfall. Further reduction in uncertainty is possible for the nonlinear equations when dimensional consistency is not a priority and by subsequently applying a gradient solver to the fittest solutions. The data-driven modeling approach can be applied to nonlinear multivariate problems in all fields of study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.07.014","issn":"13648152","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M.J., 2011, A data-driven approach for modeling post-fire debris-flow volumes and their uncertainty: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 26, no. 12, p. 1583-1598, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.07.014.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1583","endPage":"1598","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3a6e4b0c8380cd4615a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034098,"text":"70034098 - 2011 - Hierarchical modeling of an invasive spread: The eurasian collared-dove streptopelia decaocto in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034098","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical modeling of an invasive spread: The eurasian collared-dove streptopelia decaocto in the United States","docAbstract":"Invasive species are regularly claimed as the second threat to biodiversity. To apply a relevant response to the potential consequences associated with invasions (e.g., emphasize management efforts to prevent new colonization or to eradicate the species in places where it has already settled), it is essential to understand invasion mechanisms and dynamics. Quantifying and understanding what influences rates of spatial spread is a key research area for invasion theory. In this paper, we develop a model to account for occupancy dynamics of an invasive species. Our model extends existing models to accommodate several elements of invasive processes; we chose the framework of hierarchical modeling to assess site occupancy status during an invasion. First, we explicitly accounted for spatial structure and how distance among sites and position relative to one another affect the invasion spread. In particular, we accounted for the possibility of directional propagation and provided a way of estimating the direction of this possible spread. Second, we considered the influence of local density on site occupancy. Third, we decided to split the colonization process into two subprocesses, initial colonization and recolonization, which may be ground-breaking because these subprocesses may exhibit different relationships with environmental variations (such as density variation) or colonization history (e.g., initial colonization might facilitate further colonization events). Finally, our model incorporates imperfection in detection, which might be a source of substantial bias in estimating population parameters. We focused on the case of the Eurasian Collared-Dove (Streptopelia decaocto) and its invasion of the United States since its introduction in the early 1980s, using data from the North American BBS (Breeding Bird Survey). The Eurasian Collared-Dove is one of the most successful invasive species, at least among terrestrial vertebrates. Our model provided estimation of the spread direction consistent with empirical observations. Site persistence probability exhibits a quadratic response to density. We also succeeded at detecting differences in the relationship between density and initial colonization vs. recolonization probabilities. We provide a map of sites that may be colonized in the future as an example of possible practical application of our work. ?? 2011 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/09-1877.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Bled, F., Royle, J., and Cam, E., 2011, Hierarchical modeling of an invasive spread: The eurasian collared-dove streptopelia decaocto in the United States: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 1, p. 290-302, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1877.1.","startPage":"290","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216840,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-1877.1"},{"id":244736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a309ce4b0c8380cd5d7bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bled, F.","contributorId":41676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bled","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cam, E.","contributorId":12952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cam","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034106,"text":"70034106 - 2011 - Anthropogenic influences on shoreline and nearshore evolution in the San Francisco Bay coastal system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T12:59:27","indexId":"70034106","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic influences on shoreline and nearshore evolution in the San Francisco Bay coastal system","docAbstract":"Analysis of four historical bathymetric surveys over a 132-year period has revealed significant changes to the morphology of the San Francisco Bar, an ebb-tidal delta at the mouth of San Francisco Bay estuary. From 1873 to 2005 the San Francisco Bar vertically-eroded an average of 80 cm over a 125 km<sup>2</sup> area, which equates to a total volume loss of 100 ± 52 million m<sup>3</sup> of fine- to coarse-grained sand. Comparison of the surveys indicates the entire ebb-tidal delta contracted radially, with the crest moving landward an average of 1 km. Long-term erosion of the ebb-tidal delta is hypothesized to be due to a reduction in the tidal prism of San Francisco Bay and a decrease in coastal sediment supply, both as a result of anthropogenic activities. Prior research indicates that the tidal prism of the estuary was reduced by 9% from filling, diking, and sedimentation. Compilation of historical records dating back to 1900 reveals that a minimum of 200 million m3 of sediment has been permanently removed from the San Francisco Bay coastal system through dredging, aggregate mining, and borrow pit mining. Of this total, ~54 million m<sup>3</sup> of sand-sized or coarser sediment was removed from central San Francisco Bay. With grain sizes comparable to the ebb-tidal delta, and its direct connection to the bay mouth, removal of sediments from central San Francisco Bay may limit the sand supply to the delta and open coast beaches.\n\nSWAN wave modeling illustrates that changes to the morphology of the San Francisco Bar have altered the alongshore wave energy distribution at adjacent Ocean Beach, and thus may be a significant factor in a persistent beach erosion ‘hot spot’ occurring in the area. Shoreline change analyses show that the sandy shoreline in the shadow of the ebb-tidal delta experienced long-term (1850s/1890s to 2002) and short-term (1960s/1980s to 2002) accretion while the adjacent sandy shoreline exposed to open-ocean waves experienced long-term and short-term erosion. Therefore, the recently observed accelerating rates of bay sediment removal, ebb-tidal delta erosion, and open coast beach erosion are all correlated temporally.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2010.12.031","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Dallas, K., and Barnard, P., 2011, Anthropogenic influences on shoreline and nearshore evolution in the San Francisco Bay coastal system: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 92, no. 1, p. 195-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.12.031.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"204","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.4985,37.4477 ], [ -122.4985,37.9649 ], [ -122.0419,37.9649 ], [ -122.0419,37.4477 ], [ -122.4985,37.4477 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec5ae4b0c8380cd49201","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dallas, K.L.","contributorId":85013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dallas","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnard, P.L.","contributorId":20527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034110,"text":"70034110 - 2011 - Managing and learning with multiple models: Objectives and optimization algorithms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70034110","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing and learning with multiple models: Objectives and optimization algorithms","docAbstract":"The quality of environmental decisions should be gauged according to managers' objectives. Management objectives generally seek to maximize quantifiable measures of system benefit, for instance population growth rate. Reaching these goals often requires a certain degree of learning about the system. Learning can occur by using management action in combination with a monitoring system. Furthermore, actions can be chosen strategically to obtain specific kinds of information. Formal decision making tools can choose actions to favor such learning in two ways: implicitly via the optimization algorithm that is used when there is a management objective (for instance, when using adaptive management), or explicitly by quantifying knowledge and using it as the fundamental project objective, an approach new to conservation.This paper outlines three conservation project objectives - a pure management objective, a pure learning objective, and an objective that is a weighted mixture of these two. We use eight optimization algorithms to choose actions that meet project objectives and illustrate them in a simulated conservation project. The algorithms provide a taxonomy of decision making tools in conservation management when there is uncertainty surrounding competing models of system function. The algorithms build upon each other such that their differences are highlighted and practitioners may see where their decision making tools can be improved. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2010.07.031","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Probert, W., Hauser, C., McDonald-Madden, E., Runge, M., Baxter, P., and Possingham, H., 2011, Managing and learning with multiple models: Objectives and optimization algorithms: Biological Conservation, v. 144, no. 4, p. 1237-1245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.07.031.","startPage":"1237","endPage":"1245","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216513,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.07.031"},{"id":244390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c89e4b0c8380cd69d0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Probert, William J. M.","contributorId":44759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Probert","given":"William J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hauser, C.E.","contributorId":82430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauser","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald-Madden, E.","contributorId":40043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald-Madden","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runge, M.C. 0000-0002-8081-536X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":49312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baxter, P.W.J.","contributorId":90566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baxter","given":"P.W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Possingham, H.P.","contributorId":67839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Possingham","given":"H.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034115,"text":"70034115 - 2011 - Assessment of field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl exposures and sorbent amendment using polychaete bioassays and passive sampler measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:20:13","indexId":"70034115","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl exposures and sorbent amendment using polychaete bioassays and passive sampler measurements","docAbstract":"<p>Field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure were evaluated by employing caged deposit-feeders, Neanthes arenaceodentata, along with polyoxymethylene (POM) samplers using parallel in situ and ex situ bioassays with homogenized untreated or activated carbon (AC) amended sediment. The AC amendment achieved a remedial efficiency in reducing bioaccumulation by 90% in the laboratory and by 44% in the field transplants. In situ measurements showed that PCB uptake by POM samplers was greater for POM placed in the surface sediment compared with the underlying AC amendment, suggesting that tidal exchange of surrounding material with similar PCB availability as untreated sediment was redeposited in the cages. Polychlorinated biphenyls bioaccumulation with caged polychaetes from untreated sediment was half as large under field conditions compared with laboratory conditions. A biodynamic model was used to confirm and quantify the different processes that could have influenced these results. Three factors appeared most influential in the bioassays: AC amendment significantly reduces bioavailability under laboratory and field conditions; sediment deposition within test cages in the field partially masks the remedial benefit of underlying AC-amended sediment; and deposit-feeders exhibit less PCB uptake from untreated sediment when feeding is reduced. Ex situ and in situ experiments inevitably show some differences that are associated with measurement methods and effects of the environment. Parallel ex situ and in situ bioassays, passive sampler measurements, and quantifying important processes with a model can tease apart these field influences.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.367","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Janssen, E., Oen, A., Luoma, S.N., and Luthy, R., 2011, Assessment of field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl exposures and sorbent amendment using polychaete bioassays and passive sampler measurements: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 1, p. 173-180, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.367.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee30e4b0c8380cd49bf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janssen, E.M.","contributorId":78582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oen, A.M.","contributorId":87782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oen","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luthy, R.G.","contributorId":36335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luthy","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034121,"text":"70034121 - 2011 - Estimating equivalence with quantile regression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034121","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating equivalence with quantile regression","docAbstract":"Equivalence testing and corresponding confidence interval estimates are used to provide more enlightened statistical statements about parameter estimates by relating them to intervals of effect sizes deemed to be of scientific or practical importance rather than just to an effect size of zero. Equivalence tests and confidence interval estimates are based on a null hypothesis that a parameter estimate is either outside (inequivalence hypothesis) or inside (equivalence hypothesis) an equivalence region, depending on the question of interest and assignment of risk. The former approach, often referred to as bioequivalence testing, is often used in regulatory settings because it reverses the burden of proof compared to a standard test of significance, following a precautionary principle for environmental protection. Unfortunately, many applications of equivalence testing focus on establishing average equivalence by estimating differences in means of distributions that do not have homogeneous variances. I discuss how to compare equivalence across quantiles of distributions using confidence intervals on quantile regression estimates that detect differences in heterogeneous distributions missed by focusing on means. I used one-tailed confidence intervals based on inequivalence hypotheses in a two-group treatment-control design for estimating bioequivalence of arsenic concentrations in soils at an old ammunition testing site and bioequivalence of vegetation biomass at a reclaimed mining site. Two-tailed confidence intervals based both on inequivalence and equivalence hypotheses were used to examine quantile equivalence for negligible trends over time for a continuous exponential model of amphibian abundance. ?? 2011 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/09-2060.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Cade, B., 2011, Estimating equivalence with quantile regression: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 1, p. 281-289, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-2060.1.","startPage":"281","endPage":"289","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216722,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-2060.1"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b19e4b0c8380cd52582","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032682,"text":"70032682 - 2011 - The importance of warm season warming to western U.S. streamflow changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032682","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of warm season warming to western U.S. streamflow changes","docAbstract":"Warm season climate warming will be a key driver of annual streamflow changes in four major river basins of the western U.S., as shown by hydrological model simulations using fixed precipitation and idealized seasonal temperature changes based on climate projections with SRES A2 forcing. Warm season (April-September) warming reduces streamflow throughout the year; streamflow declines both immediately and in the subsequent cool season. Cool season (October-March) warming, by contrast, increases streamflow immediately, partially compensating for streamflow reductions during the subsequent warm season. A uniform warm season warming of 3C drives a wide range of annual flow declines across the basins: 13.3%, 7.2%, 1.8%, and 3.6% in the Colorado, Columbia, Northern and Southern Sierra basins, respectively. The same warming applied during the cool season gives annual declines of only 3.5%, 1.7%, 2.1%, and 3.1%, respectively. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011GL049660","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Das, T., Pierce, D., Cayan, D., Vano, J., and Lettenmaier, D., 2011, The importance of warm season warming to western U.S. streamflow changes: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049660.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475219,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl049660","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213671,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049660"},{"id":241322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad02e4b08c986b3238f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Das, T.","contributorId":99383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, D.W.","contributorId":23342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vano, J.A.","contributorId":73018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vano","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lettenmaier, D.P.","contributorId":61175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034132,"text":"70034132 - 2011 - Changes in agricultural cropland areas between a water-surplus year and a water-deficit year impacting food security, determined using MODIS 250 m time-series data and spectral matching techniques, in the Krishna river basin (India)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T16:16:51","indexId":"70034132","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in agricultural cropland areas between a water-surplus year and a water-deficit year impacting food security, determined using MODIS 250 m time-series data and spectral matching techniques, in the Krishna river basin (India)","docAbstract":"<p>The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in cropland areas as a result of water availability using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250 m time-series data and spectral matching techniques (SMTs). The study was conducted in the Krishna River basin in India, a very large river basin with an area of 265 752 km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(26 575 200 ha), comparing a water-surplus year (2000–2001) and a water-deficit year (2002–2003). The MODIS 250&nbsp;m time-series data and SMTs were found ideal for agricultural cropland change detection over large areas and provided fuzzy classification accuracies of 61–100% for various land‐use classes and 61–81% for the rain-fed and irrigated classes. The most mixing change occurred between rain-fed cropland areas and informally irrigated (e.g. groundwater and small reservoir) areas. Hence separation of these two classes was the most difficult. The MODIS 250 m-derived irrigated cropland areas for the districts were highly correlated with the Indian Bureau of Statistics data, with<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2</sup>-values between 0.82 and 0.86.</p><p>The change in the net area irrigated was modest, with an irrigated area of 8&nbsp;669&nbsp;881 ha during the water-surplus year, as compared with 7&nbsp;718&nbsp;900 ha during the water-deficit year. However, this is quite misleading as most of the major changes occurred in cropping intensity, such as changing from higher intensity to lower intensity (e.g. from double crop to single crop). The changes in cropping intensity of the agricultural cropland areas that took place in the water-deficit year (2002–2003) when compared with the water-surplus year (2000–2001) in the Krishna basin were: (a) 1&nbsp;078&nbsp;564 ha changed from double crop to single crop, (b) 1&nbsp;461&nbsp;177 ha changed from continuous crop to single crop, (c) 704&nbsp;172 ha changed from irrigated single crop to fallow and (d) 1&nbsp;314&nbsp;522 ha changed from minor irrigation (e.g. tanks, small reservoirs) to rain-fed. These are highly significant changes that will have strong impact on food security. Such changes may be expected all over the world in a changing climate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161003749485","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Gumma, M., Thenkabail, P.S., Muralikrishna, I., Velpuri, N.M., Gangadhararao, P., Dheeravath, V., Biradar, C., Nalan, S., and Gaur, A., 2011, Changes in agricultural cropland areas between a water-surplus year and a water-deficit year impacting food security, determined using MODIS 250 m time-series data and spectral matching techniques, in the Krishna river basin (India): International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 32, no. 12, p. 3495-3520, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161003749485.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"3495","endPage":"3520","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216904,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161003749485"},{"id":244805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f409e4b0c8380cd4bad7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gumma, Murali Krishna","contributorId":50426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumma","given":"Murali Krishna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muralikrishna, I.V.","contributorId":31234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muralikrishna","given":"I.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926 nvelpuri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":4441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"nvelpuri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":444251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gangadhararao, P.T.","contributorId":19406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gangadhararao","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dheeravath, V.","contributorId":55234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dheeravath","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Biradar, C.M.","contributorId":35563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biradar","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nalan, S.A.","contributorId":7110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalan","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gaur, A.","contributorId":74603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaur","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70034133,"text":"70034133 - 2011 - Probabilistic estimates of number of undiscovered deposits and their total tonnages in permissive tracts using deposit densities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T14:22:12","indexId":"70034133","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic estimates of number of undiscovered deposits and their total tonnages in permissive tracts using deposit densities","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Empirical evidence indicates that processes affecting number and quantity of resources in geologic settings are very general across deposit types. Sizes of permissive tracts that geologically could contain the deposits are excellent predictors of numbers of deposits. In addition, total ore tonnage of mineral deposits of a particular type in a tract is proportional to the type’s median tonnage in a tract. Regressions using size of permissive tracts and median tonnage allow estimation of number of deposits and of total tonnage of mineralization. These powerful estimators, based on 10 different deposit types from 109 permissive worldwide control tracts, generalize across deposit types. Estimates of number of deposits and of total tonnage of mineral deposits are made by regressing permissive area, and mean (in logs) tons in deposits of the type, against number of deposits and total tonnage of deposits in the tract for the 50th percentile estimates. The regression equations (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">R</i><sup>2</sup>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.91 and 0.95) can be used for all deposit types just by inserting logarithmic values of permissive area in square kilometers, and mean tons in deposits in millions of metric tons. The regression equations provide estimates at the 50th percentile, and other equations are provided for 90% confidence limits for lower estimates and 10% confidence limits for upper estimates of number of deposits and total tonnage. Equations for these percentile estimates along with expected value estimates are presented here along with comparisons with independent expert estimates. Also provided are the equations for correcting for the known well-explored deposits in a tract. These deposit-density models require internally consistent grade and tonnage models and delineations for arriving at unbiased estimates.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-011-9137-1","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., and Kouda, R., 2011, Probabilistic estimates of number of undiscovered deposits and their total tonnages in permissive tracts using deposit densities: Natural Resources Research, v. 20, no. 2, p. 89-93, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-011-9137-1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-025512","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216936,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-011-9137-1"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c7ae4b0c8380cd7e6f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":444255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kouda, Ryoichi","contributorId":198036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kouda","given":"Ryoichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034134,"text":"70034134 - 2011 - Terrestrial, benthic, and pelagic resource use in lakes: Results from a three-isotope Bayesian mixing model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034134","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrestrial, benthic, and pelagic resource use in lakes: Results from a three-isotope Bayesian mixing model","docAbstract":"Fluxes of organic matter across habitat boundaries are common in food webs. These fluxes may strongly influence community dynamics, depending on the extent to which they are used by consumers. Yet understanding of basal resource use by consumers is limited, because describing trophic pathways in complex food webs is difficult. We quantified resource use for zooplankton, zoobenthos, and fishes in four low-productivity lakes, using a Bayesian mixing model and measurements of hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. Multiple sources of uncertainty were explicitly incorporated into the model. As a result, posterior estimates of resource use were often broad distributions; nevertheless, clear patterns were evident. Zooplankton relied on terrestrial and pelagic primary production, while zoobenthos and fishes relied on terrestrial and benthic primary production. Across all consumer groups terrestrial reliance tended to be higher, and benthic reliance lower, in lakes where light penetration was low due to inputs of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon. These results support and refine an emerging consensus that terrestrial and benthic support of lake food webs can be substantial, and they imply that changes in the relative availability of basal resources drive the strength of cross-habitat trophic connections. ?? 2011 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/i0012-9658-92-5-1115","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Solomon, C., Carpenter, S., Clayton, M., Cole, J.J., Coloso, J., Pace, M.L., Vander Zanden, M.J., and Weidel, B., 2011, Terrestrial, benthic, and pelagic resource use in lakes: Results from a three-isotope Bayesian mixing model: Ecology, v. 92, no. 5, p. 1115-1125, https://doi.org/10.1890/i0012-9658-92-5-1115.","startPage":"1115","endPage":"1125","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487954,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Terrestrial_benthic_and_pelagic_resource_use_in_lakes_results_from_a_three-isotope_Bayesian_mixing_model/24728529","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216937,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/i0012-9658-92-5-1115"},{"id":244839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba565e4b08c986b320a06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solomon, C.T.","contributorId":79728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, S.R.","contributorId":84534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clayton, M.K.","contributorId":38365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cole, J. J.","contributorId":25746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cole","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coloso, J.J.","contributorId":30849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coloso","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pace, M. L.","contributorId":72542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pace","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vander Zanden, M. J.","contributorId":30832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vander Zanden","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Weidel, B.C.","contributorId":47978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"B.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70034136,"text":"70034136 - 2011 - Equilibrium shoreline response of a high wave energy beach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034136","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Equilibrium shoreline response of a high wave energy beach","docAbstract":"Four years of beach elevation surveys at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California, are used to extend an existing equilibrium shoreline change model, previously calibrated with fine sand and moderate energy waves, to medium sand and higher-energy waves. The shoreline, characterized as the cross-shore location of the mean high water contour, varied seasonally by between 30 and 60 m, depending on the alongshore location. The equilibrium shoreline change model relates the rate of horizontal shoreline displacement to the hourly wave energy E and the wave energy disequilibrium, the difference between E and the equilibrium wave energy that would cause no change in the present shoreline location. Values for the model shoreline response coefficients are tuned to fit the observations in 500 m alongshore segments and averaged over segments where the model has good skill and the estimated effects of neglected alongshore sediment transport are relatively small. Using these representative response coefficients for 0.3 mm sand from Ocean Beach and driving the model with much lower-energy winter waves observed at San Onofre Beach (also 0.3 mm sand) in southern California, qualitatively reproduces the small seasonal shoreline fluctuations at San Onofre. This consistency suggests that the shoreline model response coefficients depend on grain size and may be constant, and thus transportable, between sites with similar grain size and different wave climates. The calibrated model response coefficients predict that for equal fluctuations in wave energy, changes in shoreline location on a medium-grained (0.3 mm) beach are much smaller than on a previously studied fine-grained (0.2 mm) beach. Copyright ?? 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010JC006681","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Yates, M., Guza, R., O’Reilly, W.C., Hansen, J., and Barnard, P., 2011, Equilibrium shoreline response of a high wave energy beach: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 116, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006681.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475564,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jc006681","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216967,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006681"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a29e4b0c8380cd52216","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yates, M.L.","contributorId":101116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guza, R.T.","contributorId":11854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guza","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Reilly, W. C.","contributorId":36780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, J.E.","contributorId":11855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barnard, P.L.","contributorId":20527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034138,"text":"70034138 - 2011 - Mapping irrigated areas of Ghana using fusion of 30 m and 250 m resolution remote-sensing data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70034138","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping irrigated areas of Ghana using fusion of 30 m and 250 m resolution remote-sensing data","docAbstract":"Maps of irrigated areas are essential for Ghana's agricultural development. The goal of this research was to map irrigated agricultural areas and explain methods and protocols using remote sensing. Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) data and time-series Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data were used to map irrigated agricultural areas as well as other land use/land cover (LULC) classes, for Ghana. Temporal variations in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) pattern obtained in the LULC class were used to identify irrigated and non-irrigated areas. First, the temporal variations in NDVI pattern were found to be more consistent in long-duration irrigated crops than with short-duration rainfed crops due to more assured water supply for irrigated areas. Second, surface water availability for irrigated areas is dependent on shallow dug-wells (on river banks) and dug-outs (in river bottoms) that affect the timing of crop sowing and growth stages, which was in turn reflected in the seasonal NDVI pattern. A decision tree approach using Landsat 30 m one time data fusion with MODIS 250 m time-series data was adopted to classify, group, and label classes. Finally, classes were tested and verified using ground truth data and national statistics. Fuzzy classification accuracy assessment for the irrigated classes varied between 67 and 93%. An irrigated area derived from remote sensing (32,421 ha) was 20-57% higher than irrigated areas reported by Ghana's Irrigation Development Authority (GIDA). This was because of the uncertainties involved in factors such as: (a) absence of shallow irrigated area statistics in GIDA statistics, (b) non-clarity in the irrigated areas in its use, under-development, and potential for development in GIDA statistics, (c) errors of omissions and commissions in the remote sensing approach, and (d) comparison involving widely varying data types, methods, and approaches used in determining irrigated area statistics using GIDA and remote sensing. Extensive field campaigns to help in better classification and validation of irrigated areas using high (30 m ) to very high (<5 m) resolution remote sensing data that are fused with multi temporal data like MODIS are the way forward. This is especially true in accounting for small yet contiguous patches of irrigated areas from dug-wells and dug-outs. ?? 2011 by the authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3390/rs3040816","issn":"20724292","usgsCitation":"Gumma, M., Thenkabail, P., Hideto, F., Nelson, A., Dheeravath, V., Busia, D., and Rala, A., 2011, Mapping irrigated areas of Ghana using fusion of 30 m and 250 m resolution remote-sensing data: Remote Sensing, v. 3, no. 4, p. 816-835, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3040816.","startPage":"816","endPage":"835","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475249,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3040816","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs3040816"},{"id":244392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a505de4b0c8380cd6b64a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gumma, M.K.","contributorId":12286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumma","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, P.S.","contributorId":66071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hideto, F.","contributorId":37567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hideto","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, A.","contributorId":50343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dheeravath, V.","contributorId":55234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dheeravath","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Busia, D.","contributorId":60471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busia","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rala, A.","contributorId":58119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rala","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036361,"text":"70036361 - 2011 - Improving occupancy estimation when two types of observational error occur: Non-detection and species misidentification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-18T19:05:27.584579","indexId":"70036361","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving occupancy estimation when two types of observational error occur: Non-detection and species misidentification","docAbstract":"<p><span>Efforts to draw inferences about species occurrence frequently account for false negatives, the common situation when individuals of a species are not detected even when a site is occupied. However, recent studies suggest the need to also deal with false positives, which occur when species are misidentified so that a species is recorded as detected when a site is unoccupied. Bias in estimators of occupancy, colonization, and extinction can be severe when false positives occur. Accordingly, we propose models that simultaneously account for both types of error. Our approach can be used to improve estimates of occupancy for study designs where a subset of detections is of a type or method for which false positives can be assumed to not occur. We illustrate properties of the estimators with simulations and data for three species of frogs. We show that models that account for possible misidentification have greater support (lower AIC for two species) and can yield substantially different occupancy estimates than those that do not. When the potential for misidentification exists, researchers should consider analytical techniques that can account for this source of error, such as those presented here.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Ecological  Society of America","doi":"10.1890/10-1396.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., Nichols, J.D., McClintock, B., Campbell Grant, E.H., Bailey, L., and Weir, L., 2011, Improving occupancy estimation when two types of observational error occur: Non-detection and species misidentification: Ecology, v. 92, no. 7, p. 1422-1428, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1396.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1422","endPage":"1428","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475542,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1396.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218435,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1396.1"}],"volume":"92","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3978e4b0c8380cd61925","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David 0000-0002-3011-3677 davidmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3011-3677","contributorId":200215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"davidmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":455731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McClintock, B.T.","contributorId":29108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClintock","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bailey, L.L. 0000-0002-5959-2018","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-2018","contributorId":61006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weir, L.A.","contributorId":20855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weir","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034165,"text":"70034165 - 2011 - Economic impacts of the ShakeOut scenario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T22:19:37","indexId":"70034165","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Economic impacts of the ShakeOut scenario","docAbstract":"For the ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario, we estimate $68 billion in direct and indirect business interruption (BI) and $11 billion in related costs in addition to the $113 billion in property damage in an eight-county Southern California region. The modeled conduits of shock to the economy are property damage and lifeline service outages that affect the economy’s ability to produce. Property damage from fire is 50% greater than property damage from shaking because fire is more devastating. BI from water service disruption and fire each represent around one-third of total BI losses because of the long duration of service outage or long restoration and reconstruction periods. Total BI losses are 4.3% of annual gross output in the affected region, an impact far larger than most conventional economic recessions. These losses are still much lower than they potentially could be due to the resilience of the economy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"EERI","doi":"10.1193/1.3587204","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Rose, A., Wei, D., and Wein, A., 2011, Economic impacts of the ShakeOut scenario: Earthquake Spectra, v. 27, no. 2, p. 539-557, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3587204.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"557","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3587204"},{"id":244773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a058be4b0c8380cd50e34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, A.","contributorId":6689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wei, D.","contributorId":99801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wein, A.","contributorId":53177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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