{"pageNumber":"763","pageRowStart":"19050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68924,"records":[{"id":70041354,"text":"70041354 - 2010 - Röthlisberger channel theory: its origins and consequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-07T15:09:00","indexId":"70041354","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Röthlisberger channel theory: its origins and consequences","docAbstract":"The theory of channelized water flow through glaciers, most commonly associated with the names of Hans Röthlisberger and Ron Shreve and their 1972 papers in the Journal of Glaciology, was developed at a time when interest in glacier-bed processes was expanding, and the possible relationship between glacier sliding and water at the bed was becoming of keen interest. The R-channel theory provided for the first time a physically based conceptual model of water flow through glaciers. The theory also marks the emergence of glacier hydrology as a glaciological discipline with goals and methods distinct from those of surface-water hydrology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IngentaConnect","publisherLocation":"http://www.ingentaconnect.com/","doi":"10.3189/002214311796406031","usgsCitation":"Walder, J.S., 2010, Röthlisberger channel theory: its origins and consequences: Journal of Glaciology, v. 56, no. 200, p. 1079-1086, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796406031.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1079","endPage":"1086","ipdsId":"IP-026300","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796406031","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263845,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214311796406031"}],"volume":"56","issue":"200","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31e76e4b0b57f2415d20e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walder, Joseph S. jswalder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"Joseph","email":"jswalder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70041711,"text":"70041711 - 2010 - Wind-enhanced resuspension in the shallow waters of South San Francisco Bay: Mechanisms and potential implications for cohesive sediment transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T22:21:46","indexId":"70041711","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wind-enhanced resuspension in the shallow waters of South San Francisco Bay: Mechanisms and potential implications for cohesive sediment transport","docAbstract":"We investigated the driving forces of sediment dynamics at the shoals in South San Francisco Bay. Two stations were deployed along a line perpendicular to a 14 m deep channel, 1000 and 2000 m from the middle of the channel. Station depths were 2.59 and 2.19 m below mean lower low water, respectively. We used acoustic Doppler velocimeters for the simultaneous determination of current velocities, turbulence, sediment concentration and fluxes. Maximum current shear velocities were 0.015 m s−1 at the station further from the channel (closer to the shore) and 0.02 m s−1 at the station closer to the channel. Peak wave-induced shear velocities exceeded 0.015 m s−1 at both stations. Maximum sediment concentrations were around 30 g m−3 during calm periods (root mean square wave height <0.15 m). During wavy periods, sediment concentrations increased to 100 g m−3 and sediment fluxes were 5 times higher than in calm conditions (0.02 g m−2 s−1 versus >0.10 g m−2 s−1) at the station further from the channel 0.36 m above the bed. Closer to the channel, sediment concentrations and vertical fluxes due to wind wave resuspension were persistently lower (maximum concentrations around 50 g m−3 and maximum fluxes around 0.04 g m−2 s−1). Most resuspension events occurred during flood tides that followed wave events during low water. Although wave motions are able to resuspend sediment into the wave boundary layer at low tide, the observed large increases in sediment fluxes are due to the nonlinear interaction of wind waves and the tidal currents.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010JC006172","usgsCitation":"Brand, A., Lacy, J.R., Hsu, K., Hoover, D., Gladding, S., and Stacey, M., 2010, Wind-enhanced resuspension in the shallow waters of South San Francisco Bay: Mechanisms and potential implications for cohesive sediment transport: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 115, no. C11, 15 p.; C11024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006172.","productDescription":"15 p.; C11024","ipdsId":"IP-022689","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jc006172","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263961,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006172"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.4098,37.4844 ], [ -122.4098,37.8223 ], [ -122.1102,37.8223 ], [ -122.1102,37.4844 ], [ -122.4098,37.4844 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","issue":"C11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c86479e4b03bc63bd67a30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brand, Andreas","contributorId":32415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12775,"text":"Department of Surface Waters – Research and Management, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172 jlacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":3158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"jlacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hsu, Kevin","contributorId":43246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsu","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoover, Daniel","contributorId":79841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gladding, Steve","contributorId":54481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gladding","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12776,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stacey, Mark T.","contributorId":13367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"Mark T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003409,"text":"70003409 - 2010 - The aquatic turtle assemblage inhabiting a highly altered landscape in southeast Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T12:54:01","indexId":"70003409","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The aquatic turtle assemblage inhabiting a highly altered landscape in southeast Missouri","docAbstract":"Turtles are linked to energetic food webs as both consumers of plants and animals and prey for many species. Turtle biomass in freshwater systems can be an order of magnitude greater than that of endotherms. Therefore, declines in freshwater turtle populations can change energy transfer in freshwater systems. Here we report on a mark–recapture study at a lake and adjacent borrow pit in a relict tract of bottomland hardwood forest in the Mississippi River floodplain in southeast Missouri, which was designed to gather baseline data, including sex ratio, size structure, and population size, density, and biomass, for the freshwater turtle population. Using a variety of capture methods, we captured seven species of freshwater turtles (snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina; red-eared slider Trachemys scripta; southern painted turtle Chrysemys dorsalis; river cooter Pseudemys concinna; false map turtle Graptemys pseudogeographica; eastern musk turtle Sternotherus odoratus; spiny softshell Apalone spinifera) comprising four families (Chelydridae, Emydidae, Kinosternidae, Trinoychidae). With the exception of red-eared sliders, nearly all individuals captured were adults. Most turtles were captured by baited hoop-nets, and this was the only capture method that caught all seven species. The unbaited fyke net was very successful in the borrow pit, but only captured four of the seven species. Basking traps and deep-water crawfish nets had minimal success. Red-eared sliders had the greatest population estimate (2,675), density (205/ha), and biomass (178 kg/ha). Two species exhibited a sex-ratio bias: snapping turtles C. serpentina in favor of males, and spiny softshells A. spinifera in favor of females.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.3996/072010-JFWM-020","usgsCitation":"Glorioso, B.M., Vaughn, A.J., and Waddle, J., 2010, The aquatic turtle assemblage inhabiting a highly altered landscape in southeast Missouri: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 1, no. 2, p. 161-168, https://doi.org/10.3996/072010-JFWM-020.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"168","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475530,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/072010-jfwm-020","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269326,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3996/072010-JFWM-020"},{"id":204187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Floodplain","volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9cce4b08c986b322505","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glorioso, Brad M. 0000-0002-5400-7414 gloriosob@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5400-7414","contributorId":4241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glorioso","given":"Brad","email":"gloriosob@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vaughn, Allison J.","contributorId":57200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waddle, J. Hardin 0000-0003-1940-2133","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2133","contributorId":89982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"J. Hardin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003698,"text":"70003698 - 2010 - The effects of simulated solar UVB radiation on early developmental stages of the Northwestern Salamander (Ambystoma gracile) from three lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T14:49:52.920547","indexId":"70003698","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-25T13:19:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The effects of simulated solar UVB radiation on early developmental stages of the Northwestern Salamander (Ambystoma gracile) from three lakes","title":"The effects of simulated solar UVB radiation on early developmental stages of the Northwestern Salamander (Ambystoma gracile) from three lakes","docAbstract":"Solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) has received much attention as a factor that could play a role in amphibian population declines. UV can be hazardous to some amphibians, but the resultant effects depend on a variety of environmental and behavioral factors. In this study, the potential effects of UV on the Northwestern Salamander, Ambystoma gracile, from three lakes were assessed in the laboratory using a solar simulator. We measured the survival of embryos and the survival and growth of larvae exposed to four UV treatments in controlled laboratory studies, the UV absorbance of egg jelly, oviposition depths in the lakes, and UV absorbance in water samples from the three lakes. Hatching success of embryos decreased in the higher UV treatments as compared to the control treatments, and growth of surviving larvae was significantly reduced in the higher UVB irradiance treatments. The egg jelly exhibited a small peak of absorbance within the UVB range (290–320 nm). The magnitude of UV absorbance differed among egg jellies from the three lakes. Oviposition depths at the three sites averaged 1.10 m below the water surface. Approximately 66% of surface UVB radiation was attenuated at 10-cm depth in all three lakes. Results of this study indicate that larvae may be sensitive to UVB exposure under laboratory conditions; however, in field conditions the depths of egg deposition in the lakes, absorbance of UV radiation by the water column, and the potential for behavioral adjustments may mitigate severe effects of UV radiation.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/09-061.1","usgsCitation":"Calfee, R.D., Little, E.E., Pearl, C., and Hoffman, R.L., 2010, The effects of simulated solar UVB radiation on early developmental stages of the Northwestern Salamander (Ambystoma gracile) from three lakes: Journal of Herpetology, v. 44, no. 4, p. 572-580, https://doi.org/10.1670/09-061.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"572","endPage":"580","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Dick Lake, Harry Lake, Mount Ranier National Park, Sunrise Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.76010131835938,\n 46.81086929621387\n ],\n [\n -121.51359558105469,\n 46.81086929621387\n ],\n [\n -121.51359558105469,\n 46.991494313050424\n ],\n [\n -121.76010131835938,\n 46.991494313050424\n ],\n [\n -121.76010131835938,\n 46.81086929621387\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab9be4b08c986b322f55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calfee, Robin D. 0000-0001-6056-7023 rcalfee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6056-7023","contributorId":1841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calfee","given":"Robin","email":"rcalfee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","contributorId":145515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","email":"christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, Robert L.","contributorId":52931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003603,"text":"70003603 - 2010 - Temperature inverted haloclines provide winter warm-water refugia for manatees in southwest Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-15T13:42:38.483245","indexId":"70003603","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-18T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature inverted haloclines provide winter warm-water refugia for manatees in southwest Florida","docAbstract":"

Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) overwintering in the Ten Thousand Islands and western Everglades have no access to power plants or major artesian springs that provide warm-water refugia in other parts of Florida. Instead, hundreds of manatees aggregate at artificial canals, basins, and natural deep water sites that act as passive thermal refugia (PTR). Monitoring at two canal sites revealed temperature inverted haloclines, which provided warm salty bottom layers that generally remained above temperatures considered adverse for manatees. At the largest PTR, the warmer bottom layer disappeared unless significant salt stratification was maintained by upstream freshwater inflow over a persistent tidal wedge. A detailed three-dimensional hydrology model showed that salinity stratification inhibited vertical convection induced by atmospheric cooling. Management or creation of temperature inverted haloclines may be a feasible and desirable option for resource managers to provide passive thermal refugia for manatees and other temperature sensitive aquatic species.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-010-9286-1","usgsCitation":"Stith, B., Reid, J.P., Langtimm, C.A., Swain, E.D., Doyle, T.J., Slone, D., Decker, J.D., and Soderqvist, L.E., 2010, Temperature inverted haloclines provide winter warm-water refugia for manatees in southwest Florida: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 34, no. 1, p. 106-119, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9286-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9286-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Ten Thousand Islands;Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.990966796875,\n 25.898761936567023\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 25.898761936567023\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 26.254009699865737\n ],\n [\n -81.990966796875,\n 26.254009699865737\n ],\n [\n -81.990966796875,\n 25.898761936567023\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4c8e4b08c986b3205a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stith, Bradley bstith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stith","given":"Bradley","email":"bstith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, James P. 0000-0002-8497-1132 jreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":3460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"James","email":"jreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langtimm, Catherine A. 0000-0001-8499-5743 clangtimm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":3045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langtimm","given":"Catherine","email":"clangtimm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doyle, Terry J.","contributorId":85706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Slone, Daniel H. 0000-0002-9903-9727 dslone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9903-9727","contributorId":1749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slone","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dslone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Decker, Jeremy D. 0000-0002-0700-515X jdecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0700-515X","contributorId":514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"Jeremy","email":"jdecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Soderqvist, Lars E.","contributorId":92358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderqvist","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70003466,"text":"70003466 - 2010 - Suspended-sediment concentration regimes for two biological reference streams in Middle Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-11T22:24:58","indexId":"70003466","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspended-sediment concentration regimes for two biological reference streams in Middle Tennessee","docAbstract":"Temporal patterns of suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) duration and frequency (SSC regimes) were characterized and compared with biological impairment thresholds for two headwater streams in the Western Highland Rim of Tennessee. The SSC regimes were plotted as curves showing concentrations and durations of the annual longest and tenth-longest SSC excursions above 18 concentrations for water years 2005-2008 in Copperas Branch and water years 2006 and 2008 in Kelley Creek. Both streams have fish communities remarkably diverse for their small drainage basin areas (420 and 565 ha, respectively), and represent biological reference conditions with respect to SSC. SSC-regime curves were similar for the two sites across water years. The measured SSC regimes reached or exceeded published experimentally based SSC impairment thresholds and plotted below a proposed long-term SSC reference regime for the Interior Plateau ecoregion (Ecoregion 71), suggesting that neither the experimentally based thresholds nor the proposed SSC reference regime adequately reflect the relation between SSC and biological impairment for Western Highland Rim headwater streams. The SSC regimes of the two study streams were similar to the estimated SSC regime of an unimpaired East Tennessee trout stream. Additional field studies are needed to describe SSC regimes in streams of varying basin scale, level of impairment, and region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Middleburg, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00460.x","usgsCitation":"Diehl, T.H., and Wolfe, W., 2010, Suspended-sediment concentration regimes for two biological reference streams in Middle Tennessee: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 46, no. 4, p. 824-837, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00460.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"824","endPage":"837","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475555,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00460.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269119,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00460.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba311e4b08c986b31fb6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diehl, Timothy H. 0000-0001-9691-2212 thdiehl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9691-2212","contributorId":546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"Timothy","email":"thdiehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, William J. wjwolfe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William J.","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003827,"text":"70003827 - 2010 - Modeling seasonal dynamics of small fish cohorts in fluctuating freshwater marsh landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T15:39:07.140549","indexId":"70003827","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling seasonal dynamics of small fish cohorts in fluctuating freshwater marsh landscapes","docAbstract":"

Small-bodied fishes constitute an important assemblage in many wetlands. In wetlands that dry periodically except for small permanent waterbodies, these fishes are quick to respond to change and can undergo large fluctuations in numbers and biomasses. An important aspect of landscapes that are mixtures of marsh and permanent waterbodies is that high rates of biomass production occur in the marshes during flooding phases, while the permanent waterbodies serve as refuges for many biotic components during the dry phases. The temporal and spatial dynamics of the small fishes are ecologically important, as these fishes provide a crucial food base for higher trophic levels, such as wading birds. We develop a simple model that is analytically tractable, describing the main processes of the spatio-temporal dynamics of a population of small-bodied fish in a seasonal wetland environment, consisting of marsh and permanent waterbodies. The population expands into newly flooded areas during the wet season and contracts during declining water levels in the dry season. If the marsh dries completely during these times (a drydown), the fish need refuge in permanent waterbodies. At least three new and general conclusions arise from the model: (1) there is an optimal rate at which fish should expand into a newly flooding area to maximize population production; (2) there is also a fluctuation amplitude of water level that maximizes fish production, and (3) there is an upper limit on the number of fish that can reach a permanent waterbody during a drydown, no matter how large the marsh surface area is that drains into the waterbody. Because water levels can be manipulated in many wetlands, it is useful to have an understanding of the role of these fluctuations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-010-9478-x","usgsCitation":"Jopp, F., DeAngelis, D., and Trexler, J.C., 2010, Modeling seasonal dynamics of small fish cohorts in fluctuating freshwater marsh landscapes: Landscape Ecology, v. 25, no. 7, p. 1041-1054, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-010-9478-x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1041","endPage":"1054","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382885,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c28e4b0c8380cd6faa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jopp, Fred","contributorId":62336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jopp","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":88015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trexler, Joel C.","contributorId":36267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trexler","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70007122,"text":"70007122 - 2010 - A role for analytical chemistry in advancing our understanding of the occurrence, fate, and effects of Corexit Oil Dispersants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T15:15:31.942135","indexId":"70007122","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T20:41:10","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A role for analytical chemistry in advancing our understanding of the occurrence, fate, and effects of Corexit Oil Dispersants","docAbstract":"On April 24, 2010, the sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig resulted in the release of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. As of July 19, 2010, the federal government's Deepwater Horizon Incident Joint Information Center estimates the cumulative range of oil released is 3,067,000 to 5,258,000 barrels, with a relief well to be completed in early August. By comparison, the Exxon Valdez oil spill released a total of 260,000 barrels of crude oil into the environment. As of June 9, BP has used over 1 million gallons of Corexit oil dispersants to solubilize oil and help prevent the development of a surface oil slick. Oil dispersants are mixtures containing solvents and surfactants that can exhibit toxicity toward aquatic life and may enhance the toxicity of components of weathered crude oil. Detailed knowledge of the composition of both Corexit formulations and other dispersants applied in the Gulf will facilitate comprehensive monitoring programs for determining the occurrence, fate, and biological effects of the dispersant chemicals. The lack of information on the potential impacts of oil dispersants has caught industry, federal, and state officials off guard. Until compositions of Corexit 9500 and 9527 were released by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency online, the only information available consisted of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), patent documentation, and a National Research Council report on oil dispersants. Several trade and common names are used for the components of the Corexits. For example, Tween 80 and Tween 85 are oligomeric mixtures.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es102319w","usgsCitation":"Place, B., Anderson, B., Mekebri, A., Furlong, E.T., Gray, J.L., Tjeerdema, R., and Field, J., 2010, A role for analytical chemistry in advancing our understanding of the occurrence, fate, and effects of Corexit Oil Dispersants: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 16, p. 6016-6018, https://doi.org/10.1021/es102319w.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"6016","endPage":"6018","costCenters":[{"id":140,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (National Water Quality Laboratory)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e565e4b0c8380cd46d32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Place, Ben","contributorId":103791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Place","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Brian","contributorId":55573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mekebri, Abdou","contributorId":41587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mekebri","given":"Abdou","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tjeerdema, Ron","contributorId":83661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tjeerdema","given":"Ron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Field, Jennifer","contributorId":34650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70003982,"text":"70003982 - 2010 - Source and fate of inorganic solutes in the Gibbon River, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. II. Trace element chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T10:14:55","indexId":"70003982","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T16:34:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source and fate of inorganic solutes in the Gibbon River, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. II. Trace element chemistry","docAbstract":"The Gibbon River in Yellowstone National Park receives inflows from several geothermal areas, and consequently the concentrations of many trace elements are elevated compared to rivers in non-geothermal watersheds. Water samples and discharge measurements were obtained from the Gibbon River and its major tributaries near Norris Geyser Basin under the low-flow conditions of September 2006 allowing for the identification of solute sources and their downstream fate. Norris Geyser Basin, and in particular Tantalus Creek, is the largest source of many trace elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Br, Cs, Hg, Li, Sb, Tl, W, and REEs) to the Gibbon River. The Chocolate Pots area is a major source of Fe and Mn, and the lower Gibbon River near Terrace Spring is the major source of Be and Mo. Some of the elevated trace elements are aquatic health concerns (As, Sb, and Hg) and knowing their fate is important. Most solutes in the Gibbon River, including As and Sb, behave conservatively or are minimally attenuated over 29 km of fluvial transport. Some small attenuation of Al, Fe, Hg, and REEs occurs but primarily there is a transformation from the dissolved state to suspended particles, with most of these elements still being transported to the Madison River. Dissolved Hg and REEs loads decrease where the particulate Fe increases, suggesting sorption onto suspended particulate material. Attenuation from the water column is substantial for Mn, with little formation of Mn as suspended particulates.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.05.004","usgsCitation":"McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., Susong, D.D., Ball, J.W., and Taylor, H.E., 2010, Source and fate of inorganic solutes in the Gibbon River, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. II. Trace element chemistry: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 196, no. 3-4, p. 139-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.05.004.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"155","temporalStart":"2006-09-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Gibbon River;Yellowstone National Park","volume":"196","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b931ce4b08c986b31a2c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ball, James W.","contributorId":38946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70007514,"text":"70007514 - 2010 - Aquifer Storage Recovery (ASR) of chlorinated municipal drinking water in a confined aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T15:03:49.77048","indexId":"70007514","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T15:07:08","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquifer Storage Recovery (ASR) of chlorinated municipal drinking water in a confined aquifer","docAbstract":"

About 1.02 × 106 m3 of chlorinated municipal drinking water was injected into a confined aquifer, 94–137 m below Roseville, California, between December 2005 and April 2006. The water was stored in the aquifer for 438 days, and 2.64 × 106 m3 of water were extracted between July 2007 and February 2008. On the basis of Cl− data, 35% of the injected water was recovered and 65% of the injected water and associated disinfection by-products (DBPs) remained in the aquifer at the end of extraction. About 46.3 kg of total trihalomethanes (TTHM) entered the aquifer with the injected water and 37.6 kg of TTHM were extracted. As much as 44 kg of TTHMs remained in the aquifer at the end of extraction because of incomplete recovery of injected water and formation of THMs within the aquifer by reactions with free-chlorine in the injected water. Well-bore velocity log data collected from the Aquifer Storage Recovery (ASR) well show as much as 60% of the injected water entered the aquifer through a 9 m thick, high-permeability layer within the confined aquifer near the top of the screened interval. Model simulations of ground-water flow near the ASR well indicate that (1) aquifer heterogeneity allowed injected water to move rapidly through the aquifer to nearby monitoring wells, (2) aquifer heterogeneity caused injected water to move further than expected assuming uniform aquifer properties, and (3) physical clogging of high-permeability layers is the probable cause for the observed change in the distribution of borehole flow. Aquifer heterogeneity also enhanced mixing of native anoxic ground water with oxic injected water, promoting removal of THMs primarily through sorption. A 3 to 4-fold reduction in TTHM concentrations was observed in the furthest monitoring well 427 m downgradient from the ASR well, and similar magnitude reductions were observed in depth-dependent water samples collected from the upper part of the screened interval in the ASR well near the end of the extraction phase. Haloacetic acids (HAAs) were completely sorbed or degraded within 10 months of injection.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.04.017","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Petersen, C.E., Glotzbach, K.J., Metzger, L.F., Christensen, A.H., Smith, G.A., O’Leary, D.R., Fram, M.S., Joseph, T., and Shannon, H., 2010, Aquifer Storage Recovery (ASR) of chlorinated municipal drinking water in a confined aquifer: Applied Geochemistry, v. 25, no. 8, p. 1133-1152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.04.017.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1133","endPage":"1152","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382031,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Roseville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.55548095703125,\n 39.081040177486095\n ],\n [\n -121.54449462890625,\n 38.67264490154078\n ],\n [\n -121.43463134765625,\n 38.62116234642254\n ],\n [\n -121.23138427734375,\n 38.76693348394693\n ],\n [\n -121.3275146484375,\n 38.88889501576177\n ],\n [\n -121.39068603515625,\n 38.99997583555929\n ],\n [\n -121.55548095703125,\n 39.081040177486095\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed1be4b0c8380cd49624","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Christen E.","contributorId":17761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Christen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glotzbach, Kenneth J.","contributorId":35873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glotzbach","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Metzger, Loren F. 0000-0003-2454-2966 lmetzger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2454-2966","contributorId":1378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"Loren","email":"lmetzger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christensen, Allen H. 0000-0002-7061-5591 ahchrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-5591","contributorId":1510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Allen","email":"ahchrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Gregory A. 0000-0001-8170-9924 gasmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-9924","contributorId":1520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gregory","email":"gasmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O’Leary, David R. 0000-0001-9888-1739 doleary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9888-1739","contributorId":2143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"David","email":"doleary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Joseph, Trevor","contributorId":97629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"Trevor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shannon, Heather","contributorId":45052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shannon","given":"Heather","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70004064,"text":"70004064 - 2010 - Simulated impacts of artificial groundwater recharge and discharge of the source area and source volume of an Atlantic Coastal Plain Stream, Delaware, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"70004064","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T14:34:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated impacts of artificial groundwater recharge and discharge of the source area and source volume of an Atlantic Coastal Plain Stream, Delaware, USA","docAbstract":"A numerical groundwater-flow model was used to characterize the source area and volume of Phillips Branch, a baseflow-dominated stream incising a highly permeable unconfined aquifer on the low relief Delmarva Peninsula, USA. Particle-tracking analyses indicate that the source area (5.51 km2) is ~20% smaller than the topographically defined watershed (6.85 km2), and recharge entering ~37% of the surface watershed does not discharge to Phillips Branch. Groundwater residence time within the source volume ranges from a few days to almost 100 years, with 95% of the volume \"flushing\" within 50 years. Artificial discharge from groundwater pumping alters the shape of the source area and reduces baseflow due to the interception of stream flow paths, but has limited impacts on the residence time of groundwater discharged as baseflow. In contrast, artificial recharge from land-based wastewater disposal substantially reduces the source area, lowers the range in residence time due to the elimination of older flow paths to the stream, and leads to increased discharge to adjacent surface-water bodies. This research suggests that, in this and similar hydrogeologic settings, the \"watershed\" approach to water-resource management may be limited, particularly where anthropogenic stresses alter the transport of soluble contaminants through highly permeable unconfined aquifers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Kasper, J.W., Denver, J.M., McKenna, T.E., and Ullman, W.J., 2010, Simulated impacts of artificial groundwater recharge and discharge of the source area and source volume of an Atlantic Coastal Plain Stream, Delaware, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 18, no. 8, p. 1855-1866.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1855","endPage":"1866","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21778,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/20256m4261v57154","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Coastal Plain;Delmarva Peninsula","volume":"18","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fb2e4b08c986b3190ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasper, Joshua W.","contributorId":83802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kasper","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denver, Judish M.","contributorId":71840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"Judish","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKenna, Thomas E.","contributorId":80793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ullman, William J.","contributorId":103149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ullman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003763,"text":"70003763 - 2010 - Spatial variability in growth-increment chronologies of long-lived freshwater mussels: Implications for climate impacts and reconstructions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-15T13:07:56.626704","indexId":"70003763","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T11:22:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1474,"text":"Écoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variability in growth-increment chronologies of long-lived freshwater mussels: Implications for climate impacts and reconstructions","docAbstract":"

Estimates of historical variability in river ecosystems are often lacking, but long-lived freshwater mussels could provide unique opportunities to understand past conditions in these environments. We applied dendrochronology techniques to quantify historical variability in growth-increment widths in valves (shells) of western pearlshell freshwater mussels (Margaritifera falcata). A total of 3 growth-increment chronologies, spanning 19 to 26 y in length, were developed. Growth was highly synchronous among individuals within each site, and to a lesser extent, chronologies were synchronous among sites. All 3 chronologies negatively related to instrumental records of stream discharge, while correlations with measures of water temperature were consistently positive but weaker. A reconstruction of stream discharge was performed using linear regressions based on a mussel growth chronology and the regional Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Models based on mussel growth and PDSI yielded similar coefficients of prediction (R2Pred) of 0.73 and 0.77, respectively, for predicting out-of-sample observations. From an ecological perspective, we found that mussel chronologies provided a rich source of information for understanding climate impacts. Responses of mussels to changes in climate and stream ecosystems can be very site- and process-specific, underscoring the complex nature of biotic responses to climate change and the need to understand both regional and local processes in projecting climate impacts on freshwater species.

","language":"English","publisher":"University Laval","doi":"10.2980/17-3-3353","usgsCitation":"Black, B.A., Dunham, J., Blundon, B.W., Raggon, M.F., and Zima, D., 2010, Spatial variability in growth-increment chronologies of long-lived freshwater mussels: Implications for climate impacts and reconstructions: Écoscience, v. 17, no. 3, p. 240-250, https://doi.org/10.2980/17-3-3353.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"240","endPage":"250","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94b0e4b08c986b31abf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Black, Bryan A.","contributorId":68448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Black","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":348759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B.","contributorId":64791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blundon, Brett W.","contributorId":26805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blundon","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":348756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raggon, Mark F.","contributorId":74499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raggon","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zima, Daniela","contributorId":27994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zima","given":"Daniela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70004682,"text":"70004682 - 2010 - Spatial dynamics of bar-headed geese migration in the context of H5N1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T16:46:55","indexId":"70004682","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T09:20:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2567,"text":"Journal of the Royal Society Interface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial dynamics of bar-headed geese migration in the context of H5N1","docAbstract":"Virulent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) since 2005 have raised the question about the roles of migratory and wild birds in the transmission of HPAI. Despite increased monitoring, the role of wild waterfowl as the primary source of the highly pathogenic H5N1 has not been clearly established. The impact of outbreaks of HPAI among species of wild birds which are already endangered can nevertheless have devastating consequences for the local and non-local ecology where migratory species are established. Understanding the entangled dynamics of migration and the disease dynamics will be key to prevention and control measures for humans, migratory birds and poultry. Here, we present a spatial dynamic model of seasonal migration derived from first principles and linking the local dynamics during migratory stopovers to the larger scale migratory routes. We discuss the effect of repeated epizootic at specific migratory stopovers for bar-headed geese (Anser indicus). We find that repeated deadly outbreaks of H5N1 on stopovers during the autumn migration of bar-headed geese could lead to a larger reduction in the size of the equilibrium bird population compared with that obtained after repeated outbreaks during the spring migration. However, the opposite is true during the first few years of transition to such an equilibrium. The age-maturation process of juvenile birds which are more susceptible to H5N1 reinforces this result.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Royal Society Interface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society Publishing","publisherLocation":"London, England","usgsCitation":"Bourouiba, L., Wu, J., Newman, S., Takekawa, J.Y., Natdorj, T., Batbayar, N., Bishop, C., Hawkes, L., Butler, P., and Wikelski, M., 2010, Spatial dynamics of bar-headed geese migration in the context of H5N1: Journal of the Royal Society Interface, v. 7, no. 52, p. 1627-1639.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1627","endPage":"1639","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21912,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/7/52/1627.short","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"7","issue":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9474e4b08c986b31aac7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bourouiba, L.","contributorId":98870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourouiba","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, Jianhong","contributorId":92413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Jianhong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newman, S.","contributorId":7678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Natdorj, T.","contributorId":58763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Natdorj","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Batbayar, N.","contributorId":47074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batbayar","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bishop, C.M.","contributorId":31103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hawkes, L.A.","contributorId":59551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkes","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Butler, P.J.","contributorId":55142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wikelski, M.","contributorId":95188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wikelski","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70006201,"text":"mineral2010 - 2010 - Mineral Commodity Summaries 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-04T10:57:27","indexId":"mineral2010","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":323,"text":"Mineral Commodity Summaries","code":"MCS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010","title":"Mineral Commodity Summaries 2010","docAbstract":"Each chapter of the 2010 edition of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Commodity Summaries (MCS) includes information on events, trends, and issues for each mineral commodity as well as discussions and tabular presentations on domestic industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, 5-year salient statistics, and world production and resources. The MCS is the earliest comprehensive source of 2009 mineral production data for the world. More than 90 individual minerals and materials are covered by two-page synopses. For mineral commodities for which there is a Government stockpile, detailed information concerning the stockpile status is included in the two-page synopsis. National reserves information for most mineral commodities found in this report, including those for the United States, are derived from a variety of sources. The ideal source of such information would be comprehensive evaluations that apply the same criteria to deposits in different geographic areas and report the results by country. In the absence of such evaluations, national reserves estimates compiled by countries for selected mineral commodities are a primary source of national reserves information. Lacking national assessment information by governments, sources such as academic articles, company reports, presentations by company representatives, and trade journal articles, or a combination of these, serve as the basis for national reserves information reported in the mineral commodity sections of this publication. A national estimate may be assembled from the following: historically reported reserves information carried for years without alteration because no new information is available; historically reported reserves reduced by the amount of historical production; and company reported reserves. International minerals availability studies conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM), before 1996, and estimates of identified resources by an international collaborative effort (the International Strategic Minerals Inventory) are the basis for some reserves estimates. The USGS collects information about the quantity and quality of mineral resources but does not directly measure reserves, and companies or governments do not directly report reserves to the USGS. Reassessment of reserves is a continuing process, and the intensity of this process differs for mineral commodities, countries, and time period. Throughout the history of Mineral Commodity Summaries and its predecessor prior to 1978, Commodity Data Summaries, the presentation of resource data has evolved. Although world resources have been discussed each year, presentation of reserves and reserve base data varied. From 1957 through 1979, only reserves information was published in the reports, but from 1980 through 1987, only estimates of reserve base, a concept introduced by the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) and the USGS in 1980, were published. Beginning in 1988, both reserves and reserve base information were listed for each mineral commodity where applicable and available. Prior to 1996, the minerals availability studies conducted by the USBM and work with international collaborators were the basis for reserve base data reported in Mineral Commodity Summaries. When the USBM was closed in 1996, this function was discontinued. Since that time, reserve base estimates have been updated to be consistent with changes in reserves, but the nonreserves component of the information upon which the reserve base data were estimated is not current enough to support defensible reserve base estimates. For that reason, publication of reserve base estimates was discontinued for Mineral Commodity Summaries 2010. Abbreviations and units of measure, and definitions of selected terms used in the report, are in Appendix A and Appendix B, respectively. A resource/reserve classification for minerals, based on USGS Circular 831 (published with the U.S. Bureau of Mines) is Appendix C, and a directory of USGS minerals information country specialists and their responsibilities is Appendix D. The USGS continually strives to improve the value of its publications to users. Constructive comments and suggestions by readers of the MCS 2010 are welcomed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mineral2010","isbn":"9781411326668","usgsCitation":"Mineral Commodity Summaries 2010; 2010; MINERAL; 2010; U.S. Geological Survey","productDescription":"193 p; 4 Appendixes (6 p.); Individual Commodity Data Sheets; Available Online, Printed, and on CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112028,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mineral_2010.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a574de4b0c8380cd6dbb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70003372,"text":"70003372 - 2010 - Saltwater intrusion in coastal regions of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-20T07:52:09","indexId":"70003372","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saltwater intrusion in coastal regions of North America","docAbstract":"Saltwater has intruded into many of the coastal aquifers of the United States, Mexico, and Canada, but the extent of saltwater intrusion varies widely among localities and hydrogeologic settings. In many instances, the area contaminated by saltwater is limited to small parts of an aquifer and to specific wells and has had little or no effect on overall groundwater supplies; in other instances, saltwater contamination is of regional extent and has resulted in the closure of many groundwater supply wells. The variability of hydrogeologic settings, three-dimensional distribution of saline water, and history of groundwater withdrawals and freshwater drainage has resulted in a variety of modes of saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers. These include lateral intrusion from the ocean; upward intrusion from deeper, more saline zones of a groundwater system; and downward intrusion from coastal waters. Saltwater contamination also has occurred along open boreholes and within abandoned, improperly constructed, or corroded wells that provide pathways for vertical migration across interconnected aquifers. Communities within the coastal regions of North America are taking actions to manage and prevent saltwater intrusion to ensure a sustainable source of groundwater for the future. These actions can be grouped broadly into scientific monitoring and assessment, engineering techniques, and regulatory approaches.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-009-0514-3","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P.M., and Reichard, E.G., 2010, Saltwater intrusion in coastal regions of North America: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 18, no. 1, p. 247-260, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-009-0514-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdebf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reichard, Eric G. 0000-0002-7310-3866 egreich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-3866","contributorId":1207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichard","given":"Eric","email":"egreich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":347044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006107,"text":"ofr20091275 - 2010 - Groundwater conditions and studies in the Brunswick–Glynn County area, Georgia, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T13:26:41","indexId":"ofr20091275","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1275","title":"Groundwater conditions and studies in the Brunswick–Glynn County area, Georgia, 2008","docAbstract":"The Upper Floridan aquifer is contaminated with saltwater in a 2-square-mile area of downtown Brunswick, Georgia. This contamination has limited development of the groundwater supply in the Glynn County area. Hydrologic, geologic, and water-quality data are needed to effectively manage water resources. Since 1959, the U.S. Geological Survey has conducted a cooperative water program with the City of Brunswick to monitor and assess the effect of groundwater development on saltwater contamination of the Floridan aquifer system. During calendar year 2008, the cooperative water program included continuous water-level recording of 12 wells completed in the Floridan, Brunswick, and surficial aquifer systems; collecting water levels from 21 wells to map the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer during July 2008; and collecting and analyzing water samples from 26 wells to map chloride concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer during July 2008. Equipment was installed on 3 wells for real-time water level and specific conductance monitoring. In addition, work was continued to refine an existing groundwater-flow model for evaluation of water-management scenarios.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091275","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Brunswick and Glynn County","usgsCitation":"Cherry, G.S., Peck, M., Painter, J.A., and Stayton, W.L., 2010, Groundwater conditions and studies in the Brunswick–Glynn County area, Georgia, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1275, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091275.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"60","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1275.jpg"},{"id":110960,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1275/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Glynn County","city":"Brunswick","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.87973022460938,\n 30.85625820510563\n ],\n [\n -81.87973022460938,\n 31.399363152588798\n ],\n [\n -81.15188598632812,\n 31.399363152588798\n ],\n [\n -81.15188598632812,\n 30.85625820510563\n ],\n [\n -81.87973022460938,\n 30.85625820510563\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db64140b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherry, Gregory S. 0000-0002-5567-1587 gccherry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-1587","contributorId":1567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"Gregory","email":"gccherry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peck, Michael F. mfpeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Michael F.","email":"mfpeck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stayton, Welby L.","contributorId":19573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stayton","given":"Welby","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006093,"text":"sir20105209 - 2010 - Occurrence of organic wastewater-indicator compounds in urban streams of the Atlanta area, Georgia, 2003-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:41:43","indexId":"sir20105209","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5209","title":"Occurrence of organic wastewater-indicator compounds in urban streams of the Atlanta area, Georgia, 2003-2006","docAbstract":"Between March 2003 and January 2006, 863 water samples were collected from streams in seven urban watersheds with varying land uses within or near the City of Atlanta, Georgia. Sixty-four sampling sites representing three site types were established in those watersheds. The first type consisted of sites within three watersheds not affected by combined sewer overflows; these were designated as the control basins. The second and third site types were established in four watersheds and were designated as sites upstream or downstream from combined sewer outfalls.\nStream samples collected during the study were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, trace metals, and 60 organic compounds commonly found in wastewater (organic wastewater-indicator compounds, OWICs). Inorganic constituents were analyzed to discern possible relations between OWICs and urban runoff, sewage effluent, or combined sewer overflows (CSOs). The OWICs were grouped into nine compound classes based either on an already accepted class of compounds (such as pesticide) or the manner in which the compounds are used (such as automotive uses). The compounds benzo(a)pyrene, 4-cumylphenol, 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA), isophorone, isoquinoline, metolachlor, metalaxyl, and 4-octylphenol were not detected in any sample collected during the study.\nAs many as 33 OWICs were detected above study reporting levels in water samples collected from streams in the Intrenchment Creek, Peachtree Creek, Proctor Creek, and South River watersheds (basins with CSOs), a number markedly higher than the number detected in water samples from the control basins (watersheds without CSOs). Several compounds known to disrupt the endocrine systems of aquatic biota were among the compounds detected.\nThe median numbers of OWICs detected in base-flow samples from the control basins ranged from 3 to 4 and 7 to 9 in stormflow samples, while the median in base-flow samples from the four CSO-affected watersheds ranged from 4 to 16 and 11 to 19 in stormflow samples. The detection frequencies and concentrations of OWICs in water samples varied depending on flow conditions during sample collection; however, regardless of flow condition, the total OWICs concentrations were strongly related to the numbers of OWICs detected in these samples. In addition, the median number of detectable OWICs and total OWIC concentrations increased linearly with increasing impervious area and stream flashiness (flashiness indicates the rapidity with which streamflow responds to high rainfall amounts).\nFour compounds-tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), bromacil, and cholesterol-were detected at concentrations greater than study reporting levels in at least 45 percent of all samples collected during the study. On a broad scale, the seasonal distributions of OWICs detected in samples collected during the study period were consistent with use patterns or urban activity, but were markedly different and more variable within individual watersheds.\nSeven of the nine OWIC classes were detected with greater frequency in base-flow samples from sites downstream from CSOs than from those upstream from CSOs or from control-basin sites; these OWICs also were detected in a greater percentage of base-flow samples from upstream than control-basin sites. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and automotive-use compounds were detected with similar frequency in base-flow samples from all sites. The pesticides and industrial-use compounds were detected with similar frequency in base-flow samples from sites upstream and downstream from CSOs. The compounds 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN), 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl cyclopenta-g-2-benzopyran (HHCB), and triclosan were detected with greater frequency in base-flow than in stormflow samples from all sites. The detection frequencies of these three compounds were particularly high in base-flow samples from downstream sites, especially those from the Intrenchment Creek watershed.\nIn stormflow samples, only the industrial-use compounds were detected with similar frequency among samples from control basins, and upstream and downstream sites. Caffeine, camphor, and menthol were detected in a greater percentage of stormflow than base-flow samples from all sites. The disinfectant byproduct bromoform was detected with the highest frequency in base-flow samples from the upstream sites, particularly those from the South River watershed.\nTypically, compounds in the pesticide class were detected with similar frequency in base-flow and stormflow samples from upstream and downstream sites, although bromacil and carbaryl were the exceptions. Bromacil was detected with greatest frequency in base-flow samples from all sites, but was detected in a larger percentage of base-flow samples from upstream and downstream sites, especially upstream and downstream sites in the Proctor Creek and South River watersheds. Carbaryl, however, was detected in a greater percentage of stormflow samples from all sites. Although collectively the industrial-use compounds were detected in more stormflow than base-flow samples, tetrachloroethene (PCE) was detected in more base-flow than stormflow samples at all sites. More specifically, PCE was detected with the highest frequency in samples from the upstream sites, particularly those from the Proctor Creek watershed.\nThe similarity in the pattern and distribution of OWICs in samples at sites upstream and downstream from known CSO outfalls indicates that CSOs were not the dominant source of OWICs during the study period. Other sources may include non-sewage discharges-both permitted, permitted but out of compliance, and non-permitted, contaminated groundwater from leaking sewer lines or septic systems, sanitary-sewer overflows, or dry-weather runoff from outdoor water use. These OWICs may be better suited for identifying sewage-contaminated groundwater than sewage-contaminated surface water because groundwater is not typically affected by the OWICs that are more common in urban runoff.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105209","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Atlanta","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, S.J., and LaFontaine, J.H., 2010, Occurrence of organic wastewater-indicator compounds in urban streams of the Atlanta area, Georgia, 2003-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5209, x, 110 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105209.","productDescription":"x, 110 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5209.jpg"},{"id":110947,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5209/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Atlanta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.5675,33.583333333333336 ], [ -84.5675,33.916666666666664 ], [ -84.3,33.916666666666664 ], [ -84.3,33.583333333333336 ], [ -84.5675,33.583333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478be4b07f02db488034","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, Stephen J. slawrenc@usgs.gov","contributorId":1885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Stephen","email":"slawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaFontaine, Jacob H. 0000-0003-4923-2630 jlafonta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4923-2630","contributorId":2258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaFontaine","given":"Jacob","email":"jlafonta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006094,"text":"sir20105244 - 2010 - Analysis and simulation of water-level, specific conductance, and total phosphorus dynamics of the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, 1995-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sir20105244","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5244","title":"Analysis and simulation of water-level, specific conductance, and total phosphorus dynamics of the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, 1995-2006","docAbstract":"The Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee Wildlife Refuge (Refuge) was established in 1951 through a license agreement between the South Florida Water Management District and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) as part of the Migratory Bird Conservation Act. Under the license agreement, the State of Florida owns the land of the Refuge and the USFWS manages the land. Fifty-seven miles of levees and borrow canals surround the Refuge. Water in the canals surrounding the marsh is controlled by inflows and outflows through control structures. The transport of canal water with higher specific conductance and nutrient concentrations to the interior marsh has the potential to alter critical ecosystem functions of the marsh.\nData-mining techniques were applied to 12 years (1995-2006) of historical data to systematically synthesize and analyze the dataset to enhance the understanding of the hydrology and water quality of the Refuge. From the analysis, empirical models, including artificial neural network (ANN) models, were developed to answer critical questions related to the relative effects of controlled releases, precipitation, and meteorological forcing on water levels, specific conductance, and phosphorous concentrations of the interior marsh. Data mining is a powerful tool for converting large databases into information to solve complex problems resulting from large numbers of explanatory variables or poorly understood process physics. For the application of the linear regression and ANN models to the Refuge, data-mining methods were applied to maximize the information content in the raw data. Signal processing techniques used in the data analysis and model development included signal decomposition, digital filtering, time derivatives, time delays, and running averages. Inputs to the empirical models included time series, or signals, of inflows and outflows from the control structures, precipitation, and evapotranspiration. For a complex hydrologic system like the Refuge, the statistical accuracy of the models and predictive capability were good. The water-level models have coefficient of determination (R2 values ranging from 0.90 to 0.98. The R2 for the specific conductance model is 0.82, and the R2 for the total phosphorus model is 0.51. The accuracy of the models was attributable to the quantity and quality of the available data.\nTo make the models directly available to all stakeholders, an easy-to-use decision support system (DSS) called the Loxahatchee Artificial Neural Network Model (LOXANN) DSS was developed as a spreadsheet application that integrates the historical database, linear regression and ANN models, model controls, streaming graphics, and model output. The LOXANN DSS allows Refuge managers and other users to easily execute the water level, specific conductance, and phosphorous models to evaluate various water-resource management scenarios. The user is able to choose from three options in setting the control-structure flows: as a percentage of historical flow, as a constant flow, or as a user-defined hydrograph. Output from the LOXANN DSS includes tabular time series of predictions of the measured data and predictions of the user-specified conditions. A three-dimensional visualization routine also was developed that displays longitudinal specific conductance conditions.\nTwo scenarios were simulated with the LOXANN DSS. One scenario increased the historical flows at four control structures by 40 percent. The second scenario used a user-defined hydrograph to set the outflow from the Refuge to the weekly average inflow to the Refuge delayed by 2 days. Both scenarios decreased the potential of canal water intruding into the marsh by decreasing the slope of the water level between the canals and the marsh.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105244","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., and Roehl, E.A., 2010, Analysis and simulation of water-level, specific conductance, and total phosphorus dynamics of the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, 1995-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5244, viii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105244.","productDescription":"viii, 42 p.","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5244.jpg"},{"id":110948,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5244/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Florida","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaf7e4b0c8380cd48b24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A. Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006096,"text":"ofr20101305 - 2010 - Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Broad River basin through March 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T14:23:45","indexId":"ofr20101305","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1305","title":"Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Broad River basin through March 2008","docAbstract":"In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, initiated a study to update low-flow statistics at continuous-record streamgaging stations operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in South Carolina. This report presents the low-flow statistics for 23 selected streamgaging stations in the Broad River basin in South Carolina, and includes flow durations of 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 75-, 90-, and 95-percent probability of exceedance and the annual minimum 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 30-, 60-, and 90-day mean flows with recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 years, depending on the length of record available at the streamgaging station. The low-flow statistics were computed from records available through March 31, 2008. In addition, flow duration information is presented for one streamgaging station 021556525, Pacolet River below Lake Blalock near Cowpens, SC, where recurrence interval computations were not appropriate.\nOf the 23 streamgaging stations for which recurrence interval computations were made, 14 had low-flow statistics that were published in previous U.S. Geological Survey reports. A comparison of the low-flow statistics for the minimum mean flow for a 7-consecutive-day period with a 10-year recurrence interval (7Q10) from this study with the most recently published values indicated that 8 of the 14 streamgaging stations had values that were within plus or minus 25 percent of the previous value. Ten of the 14 streamgaging stations had negative percent differences indicating the low-flow statistic had decreased since the previous study, and 4 streamgaging stations had positive percent differences indicating that the low-flow statistic had increased since the previous study. The low-flow statistics are influenced by length of record, hydrologic regime under which the record was collected, techniques used to do the analysis, and other changes, such as urbanization, diversions, and so on, that may have occurred in the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101305","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control","usgsCitation":"Guimaraes, W.B., and Feaster, T., 2010, Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Broad River basin through March 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1305, vi, 47p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101305.","productDescription":"vi, 47p.","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1305.jpg"},{"id":110950,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1305/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.5,34 ], [ -82.5,36 ], [ -80.5,36 ], [ -80.5,34 ], [ -82.5,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guimaraes, Wladmir B. wbguimar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guimaraes","given":"Wladmir","email":"wbguimar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006081,"text":"ofr20101226 - 2010 - Public water-supply systems and associated water use in Tennessee, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"ofr20101226","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1226","title":"Public water-supply systems and associated water use in Tennessee, 2005","docAbstract":"Public water-supply systems in Tennessee provide water to for domestic, industrial, and commercial uses, and municipal services. In 2005, more than 569 public water-supply systems distributed about 920 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of non-purchased surface water and groundwater to a population of nearly 6 million in Tennessee. Surface-water sources provided 64 percent (about 591 Mgal/d) of the State's water supplies. Groundwater produced from wells and springs in Middle and East Tennessee and from wells in West Tennessee provided 36 percent (about 329 Mgal/d) of the public water supplies. Gross per capita water use for Tennessee in 2005 was about 171 gallons per day. Water withdrawals by public water-supply systems in Tennessee have increased from 250 Mgal/d in 1955 to 920 Mgal/d in 2005. Tennessee public water-supply systems withdraw less groundwater than surface water, and surface-water use has increased at a faster rate than groundwater use. However, 34 systems reported increased groundwater withdrawals during 2000–2005, and 15 of these 34 systems reported increases of 1 Mgal/d or more. The county with the largest surface-water withdrawal rate (130 Mgal/d) was Davidson County. Each of Tennessee's 95 counties was served by at least one public water-supply system in 2005. The largest groundwater withdrawal rate (about 167 Mgal/d) by a single public water-supply system was reported by Memphis Light, Gas and Water, which served 654,267 people in Shelby County in 2005.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101226","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Division of Water Supply","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J.A., and Brooks, J.M., 2010, Public water-supply systems and associated water use in Tennessee, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1226, iv, 14 p.; Supplements A-C; Index, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101226.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.; Supplements A-C; Index","startPage":"i","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"104","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1226.jpg"},{"id":110940,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1226/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90,35 ], [ -90,36.75 ], [ -81.5,36.75 ], [ -81.5,35 ], [ -90,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668090","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, John A. 0000-0001-8002-4237 jarobin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8002-4237","contributorId":1105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"John","email":"jarobin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":353776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Jaala M.","contributorId":70105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Jaala","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006084,"text":"ofr20101263 - 2010 - Surface-water quality-assurance plan for the USGS Georgia Water Science Center, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T14:21:58","indexId":"ofr20101263","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1263","title":"Surface-water quality-assurance plan for the USGS Georgia Water Science Center, 2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey requires that each Water Science Center prepare a surface-water quality-assurance plan to describe policies and procedures that ensure high quality surface-water data collection, processing, analysis, computer storage, and publication. The Georgia Water Science Center's standards, policies, and procedures for activities related to the collection, processing, analysis, computer storage, and publication of surface-water data are documented in this Surface-Water Quality-Assurance Plan for 2010.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101263","usgsCitation":"Gotvald, A.J., 2010, Surface-water quality-assurance plan for the USGS Georgia Water Science Center, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1263, vi, 32 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101263.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"49","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1263.jpg"},{"id":110942,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1263/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a570","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gotvald, Anthony J. 0000-0002-9019-750X agotvald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-750X","contributorId":1970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotvald","given":"Anthony","email":"agotvald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006085,"text":"sir20105084 - 2010 - Aquatic assessment of the Ely Copper Mine Superfund site, Vershire, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-08T12:38:35","indexId":"sir20105084","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5084","title":"Aquatic assessment of the Ely Copper Mine Superfund site, Vershire, Vermont","docAbstract":"The Ely Mine, which operated from 1821 to 1905, and its area of downstream impact constitute the Ely Copper Mine Superfund site. The site was placed on the National Priorities List in 2001. The mine comprises underground workings, foundations from historical structures, several waste-rock piles, roast beds associated with the smelting operation, and slag piles resulting from the smelting. The mine site is drained by Ely Brook, which includes several tributaries, one of which drains a series of six ponds. Ely Brook empties into Schoolhouse Brook, which flows 3.3 kilometers and joins the Ompompanoosuc River.\nThe aquatic ecosystem at the site was assessed using a variety of approaches that investigated surface-water quality, sediment quality, and various ecological indicators of stream-ecosystem health. The degradation of surface-water quality is dominated by copper with localized effects caused by iron, aluminum, cadmium, and zinc. Chronic water-quality criteria for copper are exceeded in the surface water of four of the six ponds on the Ely Brook tributary, and all of Ely Brook and Schoolhouse Brook, and of the Ompompanoosuc River downstream of the confluence with Schoolhouse Brook. Comparison of hardness-based and Biotic Ligand Model-based water-quality criteria for copper yields similar results with respect to extent of impairment. However, the Biotic Ligand Model criteria are mostly lower than the hardness-based criteria and thus suggest a greater degree of impairment, particularly in the Ely Brook watershed, where dissolved organic carbon concentrations and pH values are lower. Surface-water toxicity testing correlates strongly with the extent of impact. Likewise, riffle-habitat benthic invertebrate richness and abundance data support these results through the stream environment. Similarly, the index of biotic integrity for the fish community in Schoolhouse Brook and the Ompompanoosuc River document degraded habitats throughout Schoolhouse Brook from Ely Brook down to the Ompompanoosuc River.\nThe sediment environment shows similar extents of impairment also dominated by copper, although localized degradation due to chromium, nickel, lead, and zinc was documented on the basis of probable effects concentrations. In contrast, equilibrium-partitioning sediment benchmarks indicate no toxic effects would be expected in sediments at the reference sites, and uncertain toxic effects throughout Ely Brook and Schoolhouse Brook, except for the reference sites and site EB-600M. The results for site EB-600M indicate predicted toxic effects. Acute toxicity testing of in situ pore waters using Hyalella azteca indicates severe impacts in Ely Brook reaching 100 percent lethality at site EB-90M. Acute toxicity testing of in situ pore waters using Chironomus dilutus shows similar, but not as severe, toxicity. Neither set of in situ pore-water toxicity tests showed significant impairment in Schoolhouse Brook or the Ompompanoosuc River. Chronic sediment toxicity testing using Hyalella azteca indicated significant toxicity in Ely Brook, except at site EB-90M, and in Schoolhouse Brook. The low toxicity of EB-90M may be a reflection of the low lability of copper in that sediment as indicated by a low proportion of extractable copper (1.1 percent). Depositional-targeted habitat invertebrate richness and abundance data support these conclusions for the entire watershed, as do the index of biotic integrity data from the fish community.\nThe information was used to develop an overall assessment of the impact on the aquatic system that appears to be a result of the acid rock drainage at the Ely Mine. More than 700 meters of Ely Brook, including two of the six ponds, were found to be severely impacted, on the basis of water-quality data and biological assessments. The reference location was of good quality based on the water quality and biological assessment. More than 3,125 meters of Schoolhouse Brook are also severely impacted, on the basis of water-quality data and biological assessments. The biological community begins to recover near the confluence with the Ompompanoosuc River. The evidence is less conclusive regarding the Ompompanoosuc River. The sediment data suggest that the sediments could be a source of toxicity in Ely Brook and Schoolhouse Brook. The surface-water assessment is consistent with the outcome of a surface-water toxicity testing program performed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for Ely Brook and Schoolhouse Brook and a surface-water toxicity testing program and in situ amphibian testing program for the ponds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105084","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Seal, R., Kiah, R.G., Piatak, N., Besser, J.M., Coles, J.F., Hammarstrom, J.M., Argue, D.M., Levitan, D.M., Deacon, J.R., and Ingersoll, C.G., 2010, Aquatic assessment of the Ely Copper Mine Superfund site, Vershire, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5084, xiv, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105084.","productDescription":"xiv, 76 p.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5084.jpg"},{"id":110943,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5084/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Vermont","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4783e4b07f02db483774","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiah, Richard G. 0000-0001-6236-2507 rkiah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6236-2507","contributorId":2637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiah","given":"Richard","email":"rkiah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M.","contributorId":23621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Besser, John M. 0000-0002-9464-2244 jbesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-2244","contributorId":2073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"John","email":"jbesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coles, James F. 0000-0002-1953-012X jcoles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-012X","contributorId":2239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coles","given":"James","email":"jcoles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane M. 0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Argue, Denise M. 0000-0002-1096-5362 dmargue@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-5362","contributorId":2636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argue","given":"Denise","email":"dmargue@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Levitan, Denise M.","contributorId":77798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levitan","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Deacon, Jeffrey R. 0000-0001-5793-6940 jrdeacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-6940","contributorId":2786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deacon","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrdeacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70006086,"text":"sir20105086 - 2010 - Contamination movement around a permeable reactive barrier at Solid Waste Management Unit 12, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:36:55","indexId":"sir20105086","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5086","title":"Contamination movement around a permeable reactive barrier at Solid Waste Management Unit 12, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, 2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southeast investigated natural and engineered remediation of chlorinated volatile organic compound groundwater contamination at Solid Waste Management Unit 12 at the Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, beginning in 2000. In early 2004, groundwater contaminants began moving around the southern end of a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) installed by a consultant in December 2002. The PRB is a 130-foot-long and 3-foot-wide barrier consisting of varying amounts of zero-valent iron with or without sand mixture. Contamination moving around the PRB probably has been transported at least 75 feet downgradient from the PRB at a rate of about 15 to 29 feet per year.\nThe diversion of contamination around the southern end of the PRB may be due to construction difficulties associated with the PRB installation or to reduced permeability in the PRB. An event that took place during installation of the PRB, which may have caused permeability loss, was the collapse and subsequent abandonment of a 110-foot-long trench originally designed to be the PRB on November 11, 2002, approximately 25 feet upgradient (west) from the final PRB. Guar gum with antimicrobial preservative in a polymer slurry had been used to stabilize the abandoned trench prior to collapse and was only partially recovered. Residual guar gum can cause permeability reduction in a PRB. It also is possible that permeability reduction took place within the PRB by slow degradation of the guar gum slurry or mineral precipitation. Despite the likely permeability reduction in and near the PRB immediately following installation, there is evidence that contaminants moved through the PRB and were degraded, consistent with the planned purpose of the PRB.\nVolatile organic compound contamination in groundwater downgradient from the PRB is subject to attenuation by phytovolatilization, sorption, and biodegradation. Pulses of contamination increases have been observed in some monitoring wells downgradient from the PRB. The pulses may reflect downgradient transport of contaminant pulses; however, lateral shifting of the plume is a more likely explanation for the concentration changes at well 12MW-12S.\nThe ability to monitor the fate and behavior of the plume in the forest is severely limited because the present axis of maximum contamination in that area bypasses all but one of the existing monitoring wells (12MW-12S). Moreover, the 2009 data indicate that there are no optimally placed sentinel wells in the probable path of contaminant transport. Thus the monitoring network is no longer adequate to monitor the groundwater contamination downgradient from the PRB.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southeast","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., Petkewich, M.D., and Conlon, K.J., 2010, Contamination movement around a permeable reactive barrier at Solid Waste Management Unit 12, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5086, vi, 30 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105086.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5086.jpg"},{"id":110944,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"North Charleston","otherGeospatial":"Naval Weapons Station Charleston","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.05,32.86666666666667 ], [ -80.05,33.083333333333336 ], [ -79.88333333333334,33.083333333333336 ], [ -79.88333333333334,32.86666666666667 ], [ -80.05,32.86666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4799e4b07f02db48fbb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conlon, Kevin J. 0000-0003-0798-368X kjconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0798-368X","contributorId":2561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Kevin","email":"kjconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006087,"text":"sir20105099 - 2010 - Nitrate-N movement in groundwater from the land application of treated municipal wastewater and other sources in the Wakulla Springs springshed, Leon and Wakulla Counties, Florida, 1966-2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"sir20105099","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5099","title":"Nitrate-N movement in groundwater from the land application of treated municipal wastewater and other sources in the Wakulla Springs springshed, Leon and Wakulla Counties, Florida, 1966-2018","docAbstract":"The City of Tallahassee began a pilot study in 1966 at the Southwest Farm sprayfield to determine whether disposal of treated municipal wastewater using center pivot irrigation techniques to uptake nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate-N) is feasible. Based on the early success of this project, a new, larger Southeast Farm sprayfield was opened in November 1980. However, a recent 2002 study indicated that nitrate-N from these operations may be moving through the Upper Floridan aquifer to Wakulla Springs, thus causing nitrate-N concentrations to increase in the spring water. The increase in nitrate-N combined with the generally clear spring water and abundant sunshine may be encouraging invasive plant species growth. Determining the link between the nitrate-N application at the sprayfields and increased nitrate-N levels is complicated because there are other sources of nitrate-N in the Wakulla Springs springshed, including atmospheric deposition, onsite sewage disposal systems, disposal of biosolids by land spreading, creeks discharging into sinks, domestic fertilizer application, and livestock wastes.\nGroundwater flow and fate and transport modeling were conducted to simulate the effect of all of the nitrate-N sources on Wakulla Springs from January 1, 1966, through December 31, 2018. The total simulated nitrate-N load to Wakulla Springs in 1967 was a relatively modest 69,000 kilograms per year (kg/yr). The major sources of the nitrate-N load in 1967 were determined to be:\n1. Inflow to the study area across the lateral model boundaries at 31,000 kg/yr (45 percent),\n2. Biosolids disposal by land spreading at 14,000 kg/yr (20 percent),\n3. Creeks discharging into sinks at 7,800 kg/yr (11 percent), and\n4. The Southwest Farm sprayfield at 4,500 kg/yr (7 percent).\nThe total simulated nitrate-N load to Wakulla Springs in 1987 had increased dramatically to 297,000 kg/yr. The major sources of nitrate-N load in 1987 were determined to be:\n1. The Southeast Farm sprayfield at 186,000 kg/yr (63 percent),\n2. Biosolids at 37,000 kg/yr (12 percent), and\n3. Inflow to the study area across the lateral model boundaries at 36,000 at kg/yr (12 percent). All of the other sources were 5 percent or less.\nThe Wakulla Springs discharge can change rapidly, even during periods of little or no rainfall. This rapid change is probably the result of Wakulla Springs intermittently capturing groundwater that has been going to the Spring Creek Springs Group. This spring group is located in a marine estuary and is affected by tidally influenced saltwater intrusion. Two modeling scenarios were simulated and results are presented for 2007 and 2018 in an effort to bracket the range of possible current and future changes in the flow of Wakulla Springs. In scenario 1, it was assumed that Wakulla Springs was not capturing Spring Creek Springs Group flow. In scenario 2, it was assumed that Wakulla Springs was capturing Spring Creek Springs Group flow.\nUnder the assumptions of scenario 1, the total simulated nitrate-N load to Wakulla Springs in 2007 was 207,200 kg/yr. The major sources of nitrate-N load were determined to be:\n1. The Southeast Farm sprayfield at 111,000 kg/yr 53 percent),\n2. Inflow to the study area across the lateral model boundaries at 44,000 at kg/yr (21 percent), and\n3. Onsite sewage disposal systems at 24,000 kg/yr (12 percent).\nAll of the other sources contributed 6 percent or less. Under the assumptions of scenario 2, the total simulated nitrate-N load to Wakulla Springs was 294,000 kg/yr. The major sources of nitrate-N load were determined to be:\n1. The Southeast Farm sprayfield at 111,000 kg/yr (38 percent),\n2. Onsite sewage disposal systems at 56,000 kg/yr (19 percent),\n3. Inflow to the study area across the lateral model boundaries at 52,000 at kg/yr (18 percent), and\n4. Creeks discharging into sinks at 31,000 kg/yr (11 percent).\nAll of the other sources contributed 8 percent or less.\nThe nitrate-N loads to Wakulla Springs from the Southeast Farm sprayfield for scenarios 1 and 2 were both 111,000 kg/yr. These amounts were the same because most of the water from the Southeast Farm sprayfield went into Wakulla Springs in both simulations. In contrast, the nitrate-N loads from onsite sewage disposal systems for scenarios 1 and 2 were 24,000 kg/yr and 56,000 kg/yr, respectively. The additional water captured by Wakulla Springs in scenario 2 came from an area that had a high density of residential and commercial sites using onsite sewage disposal systems\nUnder the assumptions of scenario 1, the total simulated nitrate-N load to Wakulla Springs in 2018 will be 156,000 kg/yr. The major sources of nitrate-N load for scenario 1 are anticipated to be:\n1. Inflow to the study area across the lateral model boundaries at 48,000 at kg/yr (31 percent),\n2. The Southeast Farm sprayfield at 42,000 kg/yr (27 percent),\n3. Onsite sewage disposal systems at 32,000 kg/yr (21 percent), and\n4. Fertilizer at 17,000 kg/yr (11 percent).\nAll of the other sources will contribute 5 percent or less. Under the assumptions of scenario 2, the total simulated nitrate-N load to Wakulla Springs in 2018 will be 266,000 kg/yr. The major sources of nitrate-N load for scenario 2 are anticipated to be:\n1. Onsite sewage disposal systems at 80,000 kg/yr (30 percent),\n2. Inflow to the study area across the lateral model boundaries at 57,000 at kg/yr (21 percent),\n3. The Southeast Farm sprayfield at 43,000 kg/yr (16 percent),\n4. Creeks discharging into sinks at 31,000 kg/yr (12 percent), and\n5. Fertilizer at 32,000 kg/yr (12 percent).\nAll of the other sources will contribute 6 percent or less.\nThe simulated nitrate-N load from the Southeast Farm sprayfield to Wakulla Springs during 2007 through 2018 decreases from 111,000 kg/yr to 42,000 kg/yr in scenario 1 and decreases from 111,000 kg/yr to 43,000 kg/yr in scenario 2. Both scenarios show these decreases because of the simulated planned reduction in the concentration of nitrate-N in the wastewater used for irrigation from approximately 12 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in 2007 to 3 mg/L in 2018. In contrast, the simulated nitrate-N load from onsite sewage disposal systems to Wakulla Springs from 2007 through 2018 increases from 24,000 kg/yr to 32,000 kg/yr in scenario 1, and increases from 56,000 kg/yr to 80,000 kg/yr in scenario 2. Both scenarios show increases respective to the increases in population and residential and commercial sites using onsite sewage disposal systems. In addition, the simulated nitrate-N load to Wakulla Springs from 2007 through 2018 from inflow to the study area across the lateral model boundaries increases from 44,000 kg/yr to 48,000 kg/yr in scenario 1, and increases from 54,000 kg/yr to 57,000 kg/yr in scenario 2. Both scenarios show increases due to increasing nitrate-N levels upgradient in Leon County.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105099","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with City of Tallahassee","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Katz, B.G., and Griffin, D.W., 2010, Nitrate-N movement in groundwater from the land application of treated municipal wastewater and other sources in the Wakulla Springs springshed, Leon and Wakulla Counties, Florida, 1966-2018: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5099, ix, 86 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105099.","productDescription":"ix, 86 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":116709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5099.jpg"},{"id":110945,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5099/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Florida","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e479de4b07f02db491d31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J. Hal","contributorId":53832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J. Hal","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katz, Brian G. bkatz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","email":"bkatz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006089,"text":"sir20105206 - 2010 - Occurrence and distribution of organic chemicals and nutrients and comparison of water-quality data from public drinking-water supplies in the Columbia aquifer in Delaware, 2000-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T12:40:21.808021","indexId":"sir20105206","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5206","title":"Occurrence and distribution of organic chemicals and nutrients and comparison of water-quality data from public drinking-water supplies in the Columbia aquifer in Delaware, 2000-08","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control and the Delaware Geological Survey, conducted a groundwater-quality investigation to (a) describe the occurrence and distribution of selected contaminants, and (b) document any changes in groundwater quality in the Columbia aquifer public water-supply wells in the Coastal Plain in Delaware between 2000 and 2008. Thirty public water-supply wells located throughout the Columbia aquifer of the Delaware Coastal Plain were sampled from August through November of 2008. Twenty-two of the wells in the sampling network for this project were previously sampled in 2000. Eight new wells were selected to replace wells no longer in use. Groundwater collected from the wells was analyzed for the occurrence and distribution of selected pesticides, pesticide degradates, volatile organic compounds, nutrients, and major inorganic ions. Nine of the wells were analyzed for radioactive elements (radium-226, radium-228, and radon). Groundwater-quality data were compared for sites sampled in both 2000 and 2008 to document any changes in water quality. One or more pesticides were detected in samples from 29 of the 30 wells. There were no significant differences in pesticide and pesticide degradate concentrations and similar compounds were detected when comparing sampling results from 2000 and 2008. Pesticide and pesticide degradate concentrations were generally less than 1 microgram per liter. Twenty-four compounds, 14 pesticides, and 10 pesticide degradates were detected in at least one sample; the pesticide degradates, metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid, deethylatrazine, and alachlor ethanesulfonic acid were the most frequently detected compounds, each found in more than 50 percent of samples. Almost 80 percent of the detected pesticides were agricultural herbicides, which reflects the prevalence and wide distribution of agriculture in sampled areas, as well the dominance of agricultural pesticides among the target analytes for this study. No concentration of a pesticide or pesticide degradate exceeded any regulatory standard. Dieldrin, an insecticide that has been banned for several decades, was detected at a concentration that exceeded a non-regulatory health-based screening level of 0.002 micrograms per liter at nine sites. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were generally detected at concentrations of less than 1 microgram per liter, although 7 of the 31 detected VOCs had concentrations greater than 1 microgram per liter. There were no significant differences in VOC concentrations from 2000 to 2008; however, among the resampled wells, the mean number of VOCs detected per well was significantly different over the 8-year period. The number of VOCs detected per well decreased in 73 percent of the resampled wells; the decrease ranged from one to eight fewer detections in 2008 than in 2000. Chloroform and methyl tert-butyl ether were the most frequently detected VOCs, at 90 percent and 63 percent, respectively, among the 30 wells. Solvents were the most frequently detected class of VOCs. All measured concentrations of VOCs in groundwater were below established standards for drinking water and below other health-based guidelines. There were no significant differences in nutrient or major-ion concentrations between 2000 and 2008, however, the medians of two field measurements, pH and dissolved oxygen, were significantly higher in 2008 than in 2000 in the resampled wells. Although pH and dissolved oxygen were higher, water was still acidic and predominantly oxic. Nitrate was the predominant nutrient species in the Columbia aquifer, with a 90-percent detection frequency. The median nitrate concentration in groundwater was 4.88 milligrams per liter, which was slightly lower than, but not significantly different from, the median of 5.23 milligrams per liter for the 2000 samples. Concentrations of nitrate exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant Level or Federal drinking-water standard of 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen in samples from two wells. Eight of the 30 wells sampled had iron or manganese concentrations that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level; nine samples exceeded the Health Advisory Limit set by the Delaware Division of Public Health of 20 milligrams per liter for sodium in drinking water. Two radiochemical isotopes, radium-226 and radon-222, were detected in all nine groundwater samples analyzed; five samples had detectable levels of radium-228 activity. None of the samples exceeded the U.S Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant Level for radium or radon in drinking water. Although radioactive elements were more frequently detected in 2008 than in 2000, this increased detection frequency is more likely due to lower detection levels in 2008 than 2000. The average age of groundwater entering the screens of the production wells sampled in 2008 ranged from 6 to 35 years, with a median groundwater age of 22 years. Groundwater age was positively correlated with well depth and negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen. Data from the 22 resampled wells indicate a significant positive difference in the average modeled groundwater-sample-age results. The average groundwater age from samples collected in 2008 was generally 7 years older than the average groundwater age from samples collected in 2000.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105206","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control and the Delaware Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Reyes, B., 2010, Occurrence and distribution of organic chemicals and nutrients and comparison of water-quality data from public drinking-water supplies in the Columbia aquifer in Delaware, 2000-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5206, Report: vii, 37 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105206.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 37 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116710,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5206.gif"},{"id":110946,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5206/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,38.46666666666667 ], [ -76,40 ], [ -74.83333333333333,40 ], [ -74.83333333333333,38.46666666666667 ], [ -76,38.46666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4799e4b07f02db48faba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reyes, Betzaida 0000-0002-1398-0824 breyes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-0824","contributorId":2250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes","given":"Betzaida","email":"breyes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}