{"pageNumber":"765","pageRowStart":"19100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40778,"records":[{"id":70034303,"text":"70034303 - 2011 - Calibration of Nu-Instruments Noblesse multicollector mass spectrometers for argon isotopic measurements using a newly developed reference gas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T20:24:55.156752","indexId":"70034303","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration of Nu-Instruments Noblesse multicollector mass spectrometers for argon isotopic measurements using a newly developed reference gas","docAbstract":"<p><span>The greatest challenge limiting&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar multicollection measurements is the availability of appropriate standard gasses to intercalibrate detectors. In particular, use of zoom lens ion-optics to steer and focus ion beams into a fixed detector array (i.e., Nu Instruments Noblesse) makes intercalibration of multiple detectors challenging because different ion-optic tuning conditions are required for optimal peak shape and sensitivity at different mass stations. We have found that detector efficiency and mass discrimination are affected by changes in ion-optic tuning parameters. Reliance upon an atmospheric Ar standard to calibrate the Noblesse is problematic because there is no straightforward way to relate atmospheric&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar and&nbsp;</span><sup>36</sup><span>Ar to measurements of&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar and&nbsp;</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar if they are measured on separate detectors. After exploring alternative calibration approaches, we have concluded that calibration of the Noblesse is best performed using exactly the same source, detector, and ion-optic tuning settings as those used in routine&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar analysis. To accomplish this, we have developed synthetic reference gasses containing&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar,&nbsp;</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar and&nbsp;</span><sup>38</sup><span>Ar produced by mixing gasses derived from neutron-irradiated sanidine with an enriched&nbsp;</span><sup>38</sup><span>Ar spike. We present a new method for calibrating the Noblesse based on use of both atmospheric Ar and the synthetic reference gasses. By combining atmospheric Ar and synthetic reference gas in different ways, we can directly measure&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar,&nbsp;</span><sup>38</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar, and&nbsp;</span><sup>36</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar correction factors over ratios that vary from 0.5 to 460. These correction factors are reproducible to better than ±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.5‰ (2σ standard error) over intervals spanning ~</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>24</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>h but can vary systematically by ~</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>4% over 2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>weeks of continuous use when electron multiplier settings are held constant. Monitoring this variation requires daily calibration of the instrument. Application of the calibration method to&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar multicollection measurements of widely used sanidine reference materials ACs-2, FCs-2, and TCs-2 demonstrate that calculated&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar*/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar</span><sub>K</sub><span>&nbsp;can be accurately corrected to yield model&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar ages consistent with those reported by Earthtime&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar laboratories. Replicate analyses of 8–12 single-crystal sanidine ages are reproduced to within 1–2‰ (2σ standard error) under optimal analytical conditions. This calibration technique is applicable over a wide range of isotopic ratios and signal sizes. Finally, the reference gas has the added advantage of facilitating straightforward characterization of electron multiplier dead time over a wide dynamic range.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.09.003","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Coble, M., Grove, M., and Calvert, A., 2011, Calibration of Nu-Instruments Noblesse multicollector mass spectrometers for argon isotopic measurements using a newly developed reference gas: Chemical Geology, v. 290, no. 1-2, p. 75-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.09.003.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"87","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216947,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.09.003"}],"volume":"290","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f311e4b0c8380cd4b5a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coble, M.A.","contributorId":52012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coble","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grove, M.","contributorId":65271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvert, A.T.","contributorId":49969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034305,"text":"70034305 - 2011 - Modeled sources, transport, and accumulation of dissolved solids in water resources of the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-23T12:37:59.70788","indexId":"70034305","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeled sources, transport, and accumulation of dissolved solids in water resources of the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Information on important source areas for dissolved solids in streams of the southwestern United States, the relative share of deliveries of dissolved solids to streams from natural and human sources, and the potential for salt accumulation in soil or groundwater was developed using a SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes model. Predicted area‐normalized reach‐catchment delivery rates of dissolved solids to streams ranged from &lt;10 (kg/year)/km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;for catchments with little or no natural or human‐related solute sources in them to 563,000 (kg/year)/km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;for catchments that were almost entirely cultivated land. For the region as a whole, geologic units contributed 44% of the dissolved‐solids deliveries to streams and the remaining 56% of the deliveries came from the release of solutes through irrigation of cultivated and pasture lands, which comprise only 2.5% of the land area. Dissolved‐solids accumulation is manifested as precipitated salts in the soil or underlying sediments, and (or) dissolved salts in soil‐pore or sediment‐pore water, or groundwater, and therefore represents a potential for aquifer contamination. Accumulation rates were &lt;10,000 (kg/year)/km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;for many hydrologic accounting units (large river basins), but were more than 40,000 (kg/year)/km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;for the Middle Gila, Lower Gila‐Agua Fria, Lower Gila, Lower Bear, Great Salt Lake accounting units, and 247,000 (kg/year)/km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;for the Salton Sea accounting unit.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00579.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Anning, D., 2011, Modeled sources, transport, and accumulation of dissolved solids in water resources of the southwestern United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 1087-1109, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00579.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1087","endPage":"1109","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475328,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00579.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.2919921875,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.017578125,\n              31.39115752282472\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.2373046875,\n              31.914867503276223\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.1171875,\n              31.952162238024975\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.1171875,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.478515625,\n              42.90816007196054\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.56347656249999,\n              42.06560675405716\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.33300781249999,\n              38.65119833229951\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.95996093749999,\n              35.639441068973944\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.89355468749999,\n              34.45221847282654\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.16894531249999,\n              33.87041555094183\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.93847656250001,\n              32.76880048488168\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.20214843749999,\n              32.39851580247402\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.6533203125,\n              32.65787573695528\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.91796875,\n              31.316101383495624\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.2919921875,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bbae4b0c8380cd6f775","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anning, D.W.","contributorId":6905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anning","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034310,"text":"70034310 - 2011 - Wave characteristic and morphologic effects on the onshore hydrodynamic response of tsunamis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-16T11:04:17","indexId":"70034310","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1262,"text":"Coastal Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave characteristic and morphologic effects on the onshore hydrodynamic response of tsunamis","docAbstract":"While the destruction caused by a tsunami can vary significantly owing to near- and onshore controls, we have only a limited quantitative understanding of how different local parameters influence the onshore response of tsunamis. Here, a numerical model based on the non-linear shallow water equations is first shown to agree well with analytical expressions developed for periodic long waves inundating over planar slopes. More than 13,000 simulations are then conducted to examine the effects variations in the wave characteristics, bed slopes, and bottom roughness have on maximum tsunami run-up and water velocity at the still water shoreline. While deviations from periodic waves and planar slopes affect the onshore dynamics, the details of these effects depend on a combination of factors. In general, the effects differ for breaking and non-breaking waves, and are related to the relative shift of the waves along the breaking–non-breaking wave continuum. Variations that shift waves toward increased breaking, such as steeper wave fronts, tend to increase the onshore impact of non-breaking waves, but decrease the impact of already breaking waves. The onshore impact of a tsunami composed of multiple waves can be different from that of a single wave tsunami, with the largest difference occurring on long, shallow onshore topographies. These results demonstrate that the onshore response of a tsunami is complex, and that using analytical expressions derived from simplified conditions may not always be appropriate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.06.002","issn":"03783839","usgsCitation":"Apotsos, A., Jaffe, B., and Gelfenbaum, G., 2011, Wave characteristic and morphologic effects on the onshore hydrodynamic response of tsunamis: Coastal Engineering, v. 58, no. 11, p. 1034-1048, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.06.002.","startPage":"1034","endPage":"1048","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216585,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.06.002"},{"id":244465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf8be4b08c986b32e96e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apotsos, A.","contributorId":68989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apotsos","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, B.","contributorId":78517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034311,"text":"70034311 - 2011 - Bedform response to flow variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T19:04:41.185246","indexId":"70034311","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bedform response to flow variability","docAbstract":"<p><span>Laboratory observations and computational results for the response of bedform fields to rapid variations in discharge are compared and discussed. The simple case considered here begins with a relatively low discharge over a flat bed on which bedforms are initiated, followed by a short high‐flow period with double the original discharge, during which the morphology of the bedforms adjusts, followed in turn by a relatively long period of the original low discharge. For the grain size and hydraulic conditions selected, the Froude number remains subcritical during the experiment, and sediment moves predominantly as bedload. Observations show rapid development of quasi‐two‐dimensional bedforms during the initial period of low flow with increasing wavelength and height over the initial low‐flow period. When the flow increases, the bedforms rapidly increase in wavelength and height, as expected from other empirical results. When the flow decreases back to the original discharge, the height of the bedforms quickly decreases in response, but the wavelength decreases much more slowly. Computational results using an unsteady two‐dimensional flow model coupled to a disequilibrium bedload transport model for the same conditions simulate the formation and initial growth of the bedforms fairly accurately and also predict an increase in dimensions during the high‐flow period. However, the computational model predicts a much slower rate of wavelength increase, and also performs less accurately during the final low‐flow period, where the wavelength remains essentially constant, rather than decreasing. In addition, the numerical results show less variability in bedform wavelength and height than the measured values; the bedform shape is also somewhat different. Based on observations, these discrepancies may result from the simplified model for sediment particle step lengths used in the computational approach. Experiments show that the particle step length varies spatially and temporally over the bedforms during the evolution process. Assuming a constant value for the step length neglects the role of flow alterations in the bedload sediment‐transport process, which appears to result in predicted bedform wavelength changes smaller than those observed. However, observations also suggest that three‐dimensional effects play at least some role in the decrease of bedform wavelength, so incorporating better models for particle hop lengths alone may not be sufficient to improve model predictions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.2212","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Nelson, J.M., Logan, B., Kinzel, P., Shimizu, Y., Giri, S., Shreve, R., and McLean, S., 2011, Bedform response to flow variability: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 36, no. 14, p. 1938-1947, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2212.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1938","endPage":"1947","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216586,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.2212"}],"volume":"36","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f041e4b0c8380cd4a69f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, J. M.","contributorId":68687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Logan, B.L.","contributorId":17349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kinzel, P.J.","contributorId":27834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shimizu, Y.","contributorId":88177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shimizu","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Giri, S.","contributorId":32749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shreve, R.L.","contributorId":105536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shreve","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McLean, S.R.","contributorId":84937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"S.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034312,"text":"70034312 - 2011 - Natural and human dimensions of a quasi-wild species: The case of kudzu","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T18:59:28.274512","indexId":"70034312","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural and human dimensions of a quasi-wild species: The case of kudzu","docAbstract":"<p><span>The human dimensions of biotic invasion are generally poorly understood, even among the most familiar invasive species. Kudzu (</span><i>Pueraria montana</i><span>&nbsp;(Lour.) Merr.) is a prominent invasive plant and an example of quasi-wild species, which has experienced repeated introduction, cultivation, and escape back to the wild. Here, we review a large body of primary scientific and historic records spanning thousands of years to characterize the complex relationships among kudzu, its natural enemies, and humans, and provide a synthesis and conceptual model relevant to the ecology and management of quasi-wild invasive species. We documented over 350, mostly insect, natural enemy species and their impacts on kudzu in its native East Asian range. These natural enemies play a minor role in limiting kudzu in its native range, rarely generating severe impacts on populations of wild kudzu. We identified a number of significant influences of humans including dispersal, diverse cultural selection, and facilitation through disturbances, which catalyzed the expansion and exuberance of kudzu. On the other hand, harvest by humans appears to be the major control mechanism in its native areas. Humans thus have a complex relationship with kudzu. They have acted as both friend and foe, affecting the distribution and abundance of kudzu in ways that vary across its range and over time. Our conceptual model of kudzu emphasizes the importance of multiple human dimensions in shaping the biogeography of a species and illustrates how kudzu and other quasi-wild species are more likely to be successful invaders.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10530-011-0042-7","issn":"13873547","usgsCitation":"Li, Z., Dong, Q., Albright, T.P., and Guo, Q., 2011, Natural and human dimensions of a quasi-wild species: The case of kudzu: Biological Invasions, v. 13, no. 10, p. 2167-2179, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0042-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2167","endPage":"2179","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216613,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0042-7"}],"volume":"13","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a62d7e4b0c8380cd7213a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Z.","contributorId":29160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dong, Q.","contributorId":39152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albright, Thomas P.","contributorId":78114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albright","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034313,"text":"70034313 - 2011 - Predicting breeding habitat for amphibians: A spatiotemporal analysis across Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T17:01:03.465858","indexId":"70034313","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting breeding habitat for amphibians: A spatiotemporal analysis across Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ability to predict amphibian breeding across landscapes is important for informing land management decisions and helping biologists better understand and remediate factors contributing to declines in amphibian populations. We built geospatial models of likely breeding habitats for each of four amphibian species that breed in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). We used field data collected in 2000–2002 from 497 sites among 16 basins and predictor variables from geospatial models produced from remotely sensed data (e.g., digital elevation model, complex topographic index, landform data, wetland probability, and vegetative cover). Except for 31 sites in one basin that were surveyed in both 2000 and 2002, all sites were surveyed once. We used polytomous regression to build statistical models for each species of amphibian from (1) field survey site data only, (2) field data combined with data from geospatial models, and (3) data from geospatial models only. Based on measures of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) scores, models of the second type best explained likely breeding habitat because they contained the most information (ROC values ranged from 0.70 to 0.88). However, models of the third type could be applied to the entire YNP landscape and produced maps that could be verified with reserve field data. Accuracy rates for models built for single years were highly variable, ranging from 0.30 to 0.78. Accuracy rates for models built with data combined from multiple years were higher and less variable, ranging from 0.60 to 0.80. Combining results from the geospatial multiyear models yielded maps of “core” breeding areas (areas with high probability values for all three years) surrounded by areas that scored high for only one or two years, providing an estimate of variability among years. Such information can highlight landscape options for amphibian conservation. For example, our models identify alternative areas that could be protected for each species, including 6828–10 764 ha for tiger salamanders, 971–3017 ha for western toads, 4732–16 696 ha for boreal chorus frogs, and 4940–19 690 ha for Columbia spotted frogs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/10-1261.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Bartelt, P.E., Gallant, A.L., Klaver, R.W., Wright, C., Patla, D.A., and Peterson, C.R., 2011, Predicting breeding habitat for amphibians: A spatiotemporal analysis across Yellowstone National Park: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 7, p. 2530-2547, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1261.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2530","endPage":"2547","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475420,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1261.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216614,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1261.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.0772705078125,\n              44.18614312298759\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.8907470703125,\n              44.18614312298759\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.8907470703125,\n              45.092913646051144\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0772705078125,\n              45.092913646051144\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0772705078125,\n              44.18614312298759\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81aae4b0c8380cd7b670","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartelt, Paul E.","contributorId":18895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartelt","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, C.K.","contributorId":25780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patla, Debra A.","contributorId":40059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patla","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Charles R.","contributorId":95738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034314,"text":"70034314 - 2011 - Mars: the evolutionary history of the northern lowlands based on crater counting and geologic mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-06T09:58:39","indexId":"70034314","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mars: the evolutionary history of the northern lowlands based on crater counting and geologic mapping","docAbstract":"<p>The geologic history of planetary surfaces is most effectively determined by joining geologic mapping and crater counting which provides an iterative, qualitative and quantitative method for defining relative ages and absolute model ages. Based on this approach, we present spatial and temporal details regarding the evolution of the Martian northern plains and surrounding regions.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The highland–lowland boundary (HLB) formed during the pre-Noachian and was subsequently modified through various processes. The Nepenthes Mensae unit along the northern margins of the cratered highlands, was formed by HLB scarp-erosion, deposition of sedimentary and volcanic materials, and dissection by surface runoff between 3.81 and 3.65 Ga. Ages for giant polygons in Utopia and Acidalia Planitiae are ~ 3.75 Ga and likely reflect the age of buried basement rocks. These buried lowland surfaces are comparable in age to those located closer to the HLB, where a much thinner, post-HLB deposit is mapped. The emplacement of the most extensive lowland surfaces ended between 3.75 and 3.4 Ga, based on densities of craters generally View the MathML source> 3 km in diameter. Results from the polygonal terrain support the existence of a major lowland depocenter shortly after the pre-Noachian formation of the northern lowlands. In general, northern plains surfaces show gradually younger ages at lower elevations, consistent local to regional unit emplacement and resurfacing between 3.6 and 2.6 Ga. Elevation levels and morphology are not necessarily related, and variations in ages within the mapped units are found, especially in units formed and modified by multiple geological processes. Regardless, most of the youngest units in the northern lowlands are considered to be lavas, polar ice, or thick mantle deposits, arguing against the ocean theory during the Amazonian Period (younger than about 3.15 Ga).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>All ages measured in the closest vicinity of the steep dichotomy escarpment are also 3.7 Ga or older. The formation ages of volcanic flanks at the HLB (e.g., Alba Mons (3.6–3.4 Ga) and the last fan at Apollinaris Mons, 3.71 Ga) may give additional temporal constraint for the possible existence of any kind of Martian ocean before about 3.7 Ga. It seems to reflect the termination of a large-scale, precipitation-based hydrological cycle and major geologic processes related to such cycling.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2011.03.022","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Werner, S., Tanaka, K.L., and Skinner, J., 2011, Mars: the evolutionary history of the northern lowlands based on crater counting and geologic mapping: Planetary and Space Science, v. 59, no. 11-12, p. 1143-1165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2011.03.022.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1165","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2011.03.022"},{"id":244524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"59","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a522ae4b0c8380cd6c1ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werner, S.C.","contributorId":22170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skinner, J.A. Jr.","contributorId":80395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034326,"text":"70034326 - 2011 - Characteristics of foraging sites and protein status in wintering muskoxen: insights from isotopes of nitrogen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T10:13:21","indexId":"70034326","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of foraging sites and protein status in wintering muskoxen: insights from isotopes of nitrogen","docAbstract":"<p><span>Identifying links between nutritional condition of individuals and population trajectories greatly enhances our understanding of the ecology, conservation, and management of wildlife. For northern ungulates, the potential impacts of a changing climate to populations are predicted to be nutritionally mediated through an increase in the severity and variance in winter conditions. Foraging conditions and the availability of body protein as a store for reproduction in late winter may constrain productivity in northern ungulates, yet the link between characteristics of wintering habitats and protein status has not been established for a wild ungulate. We used a non‐invasive proxy of protein status derived from isotopes of N in excreta to evaluate the influence of winter habitats on the protein status of muskoxen in three populations in Alaska (2005–2008). Multiple regression and an information‐theoretic approach were used to compare models that evaluated the influence of population, year, and characteristics of foraging sites (components of diet and physiography) on protein status for groups of muskoxen. The observed variance in protein status among groups of muskoxen across populations and years was partially explained (45%) by local foraging conditions that affected forage availability. Protein status improved for groups of muskoxen as the amount of graminoids in the diet increased (−0.430 ± 0.31, β± 95% CI) and elevation of foraging sites decreased (0.824 ± 0.67). Resources available for reproduction in muskoxen are highly dependent upon demographic, environmental, and physiographic constraints that affect forage availability in winter. Due to their very sedentary nature in winter, muskoxen are highly susceptible to localized foraging conditions; therefore, the spatial variance in resource availability may exert a strong effect on productivity. Consequently, there is a clear need to account for climate–topography effects in winter at multiple scales when predicting the potential impacts of climatic shifts on population trajectories of muskoxen.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19215.x","usgsCitation":"Gustine, D.D., Barboza, P.S., Lawler, J.P., Arthur, S.M., Shults, B.S., Persons, K., and Adams, L., 2011, Characteristics of foraging sites and protein status in wintering muskoxen: insights from isotopes of nitrogen: Oikos, v. 120, no. 10, p. 1546-1556, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19215.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1546","endPage":"1556","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f498e4b0c8380cd4bde6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gustine, David D. dgustine@usgs.gov","contributorId":3776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustine","given":"David","email":"dgustine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barboza, Perry S.","contributorId":36454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barboza","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawler, James P.","contributorId":140458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawler","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arthur, Stephen M.","contributorId":189438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arthur","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shults, Brad S.","contributorId":46413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shults","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Persons, Kate","contributorId":203273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Persons","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034334,"text":"70034334 - 2011 - Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-07T14:07:06","indexId":"70034334","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change","docAbstract":"Broad-scale studies of climate change effects on freshwater species have focused mainly on temperature, ignoring critical drivers such as flow regime and biotic interactions. We use downscaled outputs from general circulation models coupled with a hydrologic model to forecast the effects of altered flows and increased temperatures on four interacting species of trout across the interior western United States (1.01 million km<sup>2</sup>), based on empirical statistical models built from fish surveys at 9,890 sites. Projections under the 2080s A1B emissions scenario forecast a mean 47% decline in total suitable habitat for all trout, a group of fishes of major socioeconomic and ecological significance. We project that native cutthroat trout <i>Oncorhynchus clarkii</i>, already excluded from much of its potential range by nonnative species, will lose a further 58% of habitat due to an increase in temperatures beyond the species' physiological optima and continued negative biotic interactions. Habitat for nonnative brook trout <i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i> and brown trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> is predicted to decline by 77% and 48%, respectively, driven by increases in temperature and winter flood frequency caused by warmer, rainier winters. Habitat for rainbow trout, <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>, is projected to decline the least (35%) because negative temperature effects are partly offset by flow regime shifts that benefit the species. These results illustrate how drivers other than temperature influence species response to climate change. Despite some uncertainty, large declines in trout habitat are likely, but our findings point to opportunities for strategic targeting of mitigation efforts to appropriate stressors and locations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1103097108","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Wenger, S., Isaak, D., Luce, C., Neville, H., Fausch, K., Dunham, J., Dauwalter, D., Young, M., Elsner, M., Rieman, B., Hamlet, A., and Williams, J., 2011, Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 108, no. 34, p. 14175-14180, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1103097108.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"14175","endPage":"14180","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475397,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3161569","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216976,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1103097108"},{"id":244881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"108","issue":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a124ee4b0c8380cd5425f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wenger, S.J.","contributorId":51883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenger","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isaak, D.J.","contributorId":77326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaak","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luce, C.H.","contributorId":81057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luce","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neville, H.M.","contributorId":79836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neville","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fausch, K.D. 0000-0001-5825-7560","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5825-7560","contributorId":84097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fausch","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dunham, J. B. 0000-0002-6268-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":96637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dauwalter, D.C.","contributorId":91687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dauwalter","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Young, M.K.","contributorId":62038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Elsner, M.M.","contributorId":43202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elsner","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rieman, B.E.","contributorId":67283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieman","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hamlet, A.F.","contributorId":81723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlet","given":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Williams, J.E.","contributorId":14768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70034336,"text":"70034336 - 2011 - Population viability analysis to identify management priorities for reintroduced elk in the Cumberland Mountains, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T11:58:34","indexId":"70034336","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population viability analysis to identify management priorities for reintroduced elk in the Cumberland Mountains, Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p>We used an individual-based population model to perform a viability analysis to simulate population growth (&lambda;) of 167 elk (<i>Cervus elaphus manitobensis</i>; 71 male and 96 female) released in the Cumberland Mountains, Tennessee, to estimate sustainability (i.e., &lambda;&thinsp;&gt;&thinsp;1.0) and identify the most appropriate options for managing elk restoration. We transported elk from Elk Island National Park, Alberta, Canada, and from Land Between the Lakes, Kentucky, and reintroduced them beginning in December 2000 and ending in February 2003. We estimated annual survival rates for 156 radio-collared elk from December 2000 until November 2004. We used data from a nearby elk herd in Great Smoky Mountains National Park to simulate pessimistic and optimistic recruitment and performed population viability analyses to evaluate sustainability over a 25-year period. Annual survival averaged 0.799 (Total SE&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.023). The primary identifiable sources of mortality were poaching, disease from meningeal worm (<i>Parelaphostrongylus tenuis</i>), and accidents (environmental causes and unintentional harvest). Population growth given pessimistic recruitment rates averaged 0.895 over 25 years (0.955 in year 1 to 0.880 in year 25); population growth was not sustainable in 100% of the runs. With the most optimistic estimates of recruitment, mean &lambda; increased to 0.967 (1.038 in year 1 to 0.956 in year 25) with 99.6% of the runs failing to be sustainable. We suggest that further translocation efforts to increase herd size will be ineffective unless survival rates are increased in the Cumberland Mountains.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.226","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Kindall, J., Muller, L., Clark, J.D., Lupardus, J., and Murrow, J., 2011, Population viability analysis to identify management priorities for reintroduced elk in the Cumberland Mountains, Tennessee: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 8, p. 1745-1752, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.226.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1745","endPage":"1752","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216526,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.226"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Cumberland Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.4464111328125,\n              36.600094165941144\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.53155517578124,\n              36.53391577198655\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.55352783203125,\n              36.461054075054314\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.5947265625,\n              36.37043347989971\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.63592529296875,\n              36.30627216957992\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.6771240234375,\n              36.219902972702606\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.67987060546874,\n              36.18887535558557\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.65789794921875,\n              36.13787471840729\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.60296630859375,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.55078125,\n              36.05798104702501\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.375,\n              36.033552893400376\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2926025390625,\n              36.029110596631874\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2486572265625,\n              36.060201412392914\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.19921875,\n              36.113471382052175\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.15252685546875,\n              36.17779108329074\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.144287109375,\n              36.23762751669998\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.14703369140625,\n              36.29077703961915\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.18548583984375,\n              36.33504067209607\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.232177734375,\n              36.39475669987383\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.28985595703124,\n              36.4477991295848\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.13604736328125,\n              36.53170884914869\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.07012939453125,\n              36.58906837139909\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.4464111328125,\n              36.600094165941144\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7dbfe4b0c8380cd7a127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kindall, J.L.","contributorId":47200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindall","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muller, L.I.","contributorId":11448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"L.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, J. D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lupardus, J.L.","contributorId":85796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lupardus","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murrow, J.L.","contributorId":101490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murrow","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034339,"text":"70034339 - 2011 - Where the wild things are: Predicting hotspots of seabird aggregations in the California Current System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T15:49:26.236168","indexId":"70034339","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Where the wild things are: Predicting hotspots of seabird aggregations in the California Current System","docAbstract":"<p><span>Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) provide an important tool for conservation of marine ecosystems. To be most effective, these areas should be strategically located in a manner that supports ecosystem function. To inform marine spatial planning and support strategic establishment of MPAs within the California Current System, we identified areas predicted to support multispecies aggregations of seabirds (“hotspots”). We developed habitat‐association models for 16 species using information from at‐sea observations collected over an 11‐year period (1997–2008), bathymetric data, and remotely sensed oceanographic data for an area from north of Vancouver Island, Canada, to the USA/Mexico border and seaward 600 km from the coast. This approach enabled us to predict distribution and abundance of seabirds even in areas of few or no surveys. We developed single‐species predictive models using a machine‐learning algorithm: bagged decision trees. Single‐species predictions were then combined to identify potential hotspots of seabird aggregation, using three criteria: (1) overall abundance among species, (2) importance of specific areas (“core areas”) to individual species, and (3) predicted persistence of hotspots across years. Model predictions were applied to the entire California Current for four seasons (represented by February, May, July, and October) in each of 11 years. Overall, bathymetric variables were often important predictive variables, whereas oceanographic variables derived from remotely sensed data were generally less important. Predicted hotspots often aligned with currently protected areas (e.g., National Marine Sanctuaries), but we also identified potential hotspots in Northern California/Southern Oregon (from Cape Mendocino to Heceta Bank), Southern California (adjacent to the Channel Islands), and adjacent to Vancouver Island, British Columbia, that are not currently included in protected areas. Prioritization and identification of multispecies hotspots will depend on which group of species is of highest management priority. Modeling hotspots at a broad spatial scale can contribute to MPA site selection, particularly if complemented by fine‐scale information for focal areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/10-1460.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Nur, N., Jahncke, J., Herzog, M., Howar, J., Hyrenbach, K., Zamon, J., Ainley, D., Wiens, J.A., Morgan, K., Balance, L., and Stralberg, D., 2011, Where the wild things are: Predicting hotspots of seabird aggregations in the California Current System: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 6, p. 2241-2257, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1460.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2241","endPage":"2257","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216587,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1460.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"California Current system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -131.1328125,\n              46.255846818480315\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.3046875,\n              46.195042108660154\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.48046875,\n              26.667095801104814\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.400390625,\n              27.916766641249065\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.125,\n              32.84267363195431\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.46484375,\n              34.813803317113155\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.892578125,\n              39.30029918615029\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.068359375,\n              42.293564192170095\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.18945312500001,\n              46.01222384063236\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.1328125,\n              46.255846818480315\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd05fe4b08c986b32edff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nur, N.","contributorId":13576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nur","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jahncke, J.","contributorId":74192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahncke","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herzog, M.P.","contributorId":37865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howar, J.","contributorId":66940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howar","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hyrenbach, K.D.","contributorId":87394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyrenbach","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zamon, J.E.","contributorId":8697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamon","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ainley, D. G.","contributorId":77870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ainley","given":"D. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wiens, J. A.","contributorId":43453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiens","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Morgan, K.","contributorId":18556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Balance, L.T.","contributorId":55239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balance","given":"L.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Stralberg, D.","contributorId":19807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stralberg","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70034340,"text":"70034340 - 2011 - Native and exotic plants of fragments of sagebrush steppe produced by geomorphic processes versus land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-23T12:26:41.741319","indexId":"70034340","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Native and exotic plants of fragments of sagebrush steppe produced by geomorphic processes versus land use","docAbstract":"<p><span>Habitat fragmentation and invasion by exotic species are regarded as major threats to the biodiversity of many ecosystems. We surveyed the plant communities of two types of remnant sagebrush-steppe fragments from nearby areas on the Snake River Plain of southeastern Idaho, USA. One type resulted from land use (conversion to dryland agriculture; hereafter AG Islands) and the other from geomorphic processes (Holocene volcanism; hereafter kipukas). We assessed two predictions for the variation in native plant species richness of these fragments, using structural equation models (SEM). First, we predicted that the species richness of native plants would follow the MacArthur–Wilson (M–W) hypothesis of island biogeography, as often is expected for the communities of habitat fragments. Second, we predicted a negative relationship between native and exotic plants, as would be expected if exotic plants are decreasing the diversity of native plants. Finally, we assessed whether exotic species were more strongly associated with the fragments embedded in the agricultural landscape, as would be expected if agriculture had facilitated the introduction and naturalization of non-native species, and whether the communities of the two types of fragments were distinct. Species richness of native plants was not strongly correlated with M–W characteristics for either the AG Islands or the **kipukas. The AG Islands had more species and higher cover of exotics than the kipukas, and exotic plants were good predictors of native plant species richness. Our results support the hypothesis that proximity to agriculture can increase the diversity and abundance of exotic plants in native habitat. In combination with other information, the results also suggest that agriculture and exotic species have caused loss of native diversity and reorganization of the sagebrush-steppe plant community.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11258-011-9930-2","issn":"13850237","usgsCitation":"Huntly, N., Bangert, R., and Hanser, S., 2011, Native and exotic plants of fragments of sagebrush steppe produced by geomorphic processes versus land use: Plant Ecology, v. 212, no. 9, p. 1549-1561, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-011-9930-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1549","endPage":"1561","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.02636718749999,\n              44.512176171071054\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.0703125,\n              43.46886761482925\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.54296874999999,\n              42.98857645832184\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.224609375,\n              42.52069952914966\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.6865234375,\n              42.47209690919285\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.236328125,\n              42.79540065303723\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.22558593749999,\n              43.30919109985686\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9619140625,\n              44.29240108529005\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.763671875,\n              44.32384807250689\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.5986328125,\n              43.8186748554532\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.67529296874999,\n              43.18114705939968\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.8837890625,\n              43.70759350405294\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.02636718749999,\n              44.512176171071054\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"212","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a62bee4b0c8380cd720aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntly, N.","contributorId":39611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntly","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bangert, R.","contributorId":7938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bangert","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanser, S.E.","contributorId":13823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanser","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034349,"text":"70034349 - 2011 - The role of model dynamics in ensemble Kalman filter performance for chaotic systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T12:22:03.942129","indexId":"70034349","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3527,"text":"Tellus, Series A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of model dynamics in ensemble Kalman filter performance for chaotic systems","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is susceptible to losing track of observations, or ‘diverging’, when applied to large chaotic systems such as atmospheric and ocean models. Past studies have demonstrated the adverse impact of sampling error during the filter’s update step. We examine how system dynamics affect EnKF performance, and whether the absence of certain dynamic features in the ensemble may lead to divergence. The EnKF is applied to a simple chaotic model, and ensembles are checked against singular vectors of the tangent linear model, corresponding to short-term growth and Lyapunov vectors, corresponding to long-term growth. Results show that the ensemble strongly aligns itself with the subspace spanned by unstable Lyapunov vectors. Furthermore, the filter avoids divergence only if the full linearized long-term unstable subspace is spanned. However, short-term dynamics also become important as nonlinearity in the system increases. Non-linear movement prevents errors in the long-term stable subspace from decaying indefinitely. If these errors then undergo linear intermittent growth, a small ensemble may fail to properly represent all important modes, causing filter divergence. A combination of long and short-term growth dynamics are thus critical to EnKF performance. These findings can help in developing practical robust filters based on model dynamics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0870.2011.00539.x","issn":"02806495","usgsCitation":"Ng, G., McLaughlin, D., Entekhabi, D., and Ahanin, A., 2011, The role of model dynamics in ensemble Kalman filter performance for chaotic systems: Tellus, Series A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, v. 63, no. 5, p. 958-977, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0870.2011.00539.x.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"958","endPage":"977","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475225,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0870.2011.00539.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf85e4b08c986b32486b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ng, G.-H.C.","contributorId":45929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ng","given":"G.-H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLaughlin, D.","contributorId":60883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Entekhabi, D.","contributorId":64062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Entekhabi","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ahanin, A.","contributorId":106344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahanin","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034351,"text":"70034351 - 2011 - Simulation of branched serial first-order decay of atrazine and metabolites in adapted and nonadapted soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:37:52.160923","indexId":"70034351","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of branched serial first-order decay of atrazine and metabolites in adapted and nonadapted soils","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the present study a branched serial first‐order decay (BSFOD) model is presented and used to derive transformation rates describing the decay of a common herbicide, atrazine, and its metabolites observed in unsaturated soils adapted to previous atrazine applications and in soils with no history of atrazine applications. Calibration of BSFOD models for soils throughout the country can reduce the uncertainty, relative to that of traditional models, in predicting the fate and transport of pesticides and their metabolites and thus support improved agricultural management schemes for reducing threats to the environment. Results from application of the BSFOD model to better understand the degradation of atrazine supports two previously reported conclusions: atrazine (6‐chloro‐</span><i>N</i><span>‐ethyl‐</span><i>N</i><span>′‐(1‐methylethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine) and its primary metabolites are less persistent in adapted soils than in nonadapted soils; and hydroxyatrazine was the dominant primary metabolite in most of the soils tested. In addition, a method to simulate BSFOD in a one‐dimensional solute‐transport unsaturated zone model is also presented.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.597","usgsCitation":"Webb, R.M., Sandstrom, M.W., Krutz, L., and Shaner, D., 2011, Simulation of branched serial first-order decay of atrazine and metabolites in adapted and nonadapted soils: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 9, p. 1973-1981, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.597.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1973","endPage":"1981","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9014e4b08c986b3192e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, R. M.","contributorId":97065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krutz, L.J.","contributorId":22605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krutz","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaner, D. L.","contributorId":70215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaner","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034360,"text":"70034360 - 2011 - Analysis of dispersion and attenuation of surface waves in poroelastic media in the exploration-seismic frequency band","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T12:21:15.950809","indexId":"70034360","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of dispersion and attenuation of surface waves in poroelastic media in the exploration-seismic frequency band","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">We analyse dispersion and attenuation of surface waves at free surfaces of possible vacuum/poroelastic media: permeable-‘open pore’, impermeable-‘closed pore’ and partially permeable boundaries, which have not been previously reported in detail by researchers, under different surface-permeable, viscous-damping, elastic and fluid-flowing conditions. Our discussion is focused on their characteristics in the exploration-seismic frequency band (a few through 200 Hz) for near-surface applications. We find two surface-wave modes exist,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i>1 waves for all conditions, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i>2 waves for closed-pore and partially permeable conditions. For<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i>1 waves, velocities disperse most under partially permeable conditions and least under the open-pore condition. High-coupling damping coefficients move the main dispersion frequency range to high frequencies. There is an<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><sup>1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>frequency dependence as a constant-<i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>model for attenuation at high frequencies.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i>1 waves for the open pore are most sensitive to elastic modulus variation, but least sensitive to tortuosities variation.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i>1 waves for partially permeable surface radiate as non-physical waves (Im(<i>k</i>) &lt; 0) at low frequencies. For<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i>2 waves, velocities are slightly lower than the bulk slow<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i>2 waves. At low frequencies, both velocity and attenuation are diffusive of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><sup>1/2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>frequency dependence, as<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i>2 waves. It is found that for partially permeable surfaces, the attenuation displays -<i>f</i><sup>1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>frequency dependence as frequency increasing. High surface permeability, low-coupling damping coefficients, low Poisson′s ratios, and low tortuosities increase the slope of the -<i>f</i><sup>1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>dependence. When the attenuation coefficients reach 0,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i>2 waves for partially permeable surface begin to radiate as non-physical waves.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05168.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., Xu, Y., and Xia, J., 2011, Analysis of dispersion and attenuation of surface waves in poroelastic media in the exploration-seismic frequency band: Geophysical Journal International, v. 187, no. 2, p. 871-888, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05168.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"871","endPage":"888","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475223,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.05168.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"187","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb10e4b0c8380cd48bb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Y.","contributorId":59969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034361,"text":"70034361 - 2011 - Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T15:31:19","indexId":"70034361","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source","docAbstract":"The light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) oil pool in an aquifer that resulted from a pipeline spill near Bemidji, Minnesota, was analyzed for volatile hydrocarbons (VHCs) to determine if the composition of the oil remains constant over time. Oil samples were obtained from wells at five locations in the oil pool in an anaerobic part of the glacial outwash aquifer. Samples covering a 21-year period were analyzed for 25 VHCs. Compared to the composition of oil from the pipeline source, VHCs identified in oil from wells sampled in 2008 were 13 to 64% depleted. The magnitude of loss for the VHCs analyzed was toluene ≫ o-xylene, benzene, C<sub>6</sub> and C<sub>10–12</sub>n-alkanes > C<sub>7</sub>–C<sub>9</sub>n-alkanes > m-xylene, cyclohexane, and 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene > 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and ethylbenzene. Other VHCs including p-xylene, 1,3,5- and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzenes, the tetramethylbenzenes, methyl- and ethyl-cyclohexane, and naphthalene were not depleted during the time of the study. Water–oil and air–water batch equilibration simulations indicate that volatilization and biodegradation is most important for the C<sub>6</sub>–C<sub>9</sub>n-alkanes and cyclohexanes; dissolution and biodegradation is important for most of the other hydrocarbons. Depletion of the hydrocarbons in the oil pool is controlled by: the lack of oxygen and nutrients, differing rates of recharge, and the spatial distribution of oil in the aquifer. The mass loss of these VHCs in the 5 wells is between 1.6 and 7.4% in 29 years or an average annual loss of 0.06–0.26%/year. The present study shows that the composition of LNAPL changes over time and that these changes are spatially variable. This highlights the importance of characterizing the temporal and spatial variabilities of the source term in solute-transport models.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.06.006","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, M.J., Eganhouse, R., Bekins, B.A., and Delin, G.N., 2011, Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 126, no. 3-4, p. 140-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.06.006.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.0373,47.3762 ], [ -95.0373,47.6177 ], [ -94.6844,47.6177 ], [ -94.6844,47.3762 ], [ -95.0373,47.3762 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"126","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49dee4b0c8380cd68956","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, Mary Jo 0000-0002-4865-1043 mjbaedec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-1043","contributorId":197793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary","email":"mjbaedec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eganhouse, Robert P. eganhous@usgs.gov","contributorId":2031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"Robert P.","email":"eganhous@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delin, Geoffrey N. 0000-0001-7991-6158 delin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7991-6158","contributorId":2610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"Geoffrey","email":"delin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":5063,"text":"Central Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034362,"text":"70034362 - 2011 - Geochemistry of environmentally sensitive trace elements in Permian coals from the Huainan coalfield, Anhui, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T20:37:54.805955","indexId":"70034362","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of environmentally sensitive trace elements in Permian coals from the Huainan coalfield, Anhui, China","docAbstract":"<p><span>To study the geochemical characteristics of 11 environmentally sensitive trace elements in the coals of the&nbsp;Permian Period&nbsp;from the Huainan coalfield, Anhui province, China,&nbsp;borehole&nbsp;samples of 336 coals, two partings, and four roof and floor&nbsp;mudstones&nbsp;were collected from mineable&nbsp;coal seams. Major elements and selected trace elements were determined by&nbsp;inductively coupled plasma&nbsp;optical emission&nbsp;spectrometry&nbsp;(ICP-OES),&nbsp;inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry&nbsp;(ICP-MS), and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HAAS). The&nbsp;depositional environment, abundances, distribution, and modes of occurrence of trace elements were investigated. Results show that clay and&nbsp;carbonate minerals&nbsp;are the principal&nbsp;</span>inorganic constituents<span>&nbsp;in the coals. A lower deltaic plain, where fluvial channel systems developed successively, was the likely depositional environment of the&nbsp;Permian&nbsp;coals in the Huainan coalfield. All major elements have wider variation ranges than those of Chinese coals except for Mg and Fe. The contents of Cr, Co, Ni, and Se are higher than their averages for Chinese coals and world coals. Vertical variations of trace elements in different formations are not significant except for B and Ba. Certain roof and partings are distinctly higher in trace elements than underlying coal bench samples. The modes of occurrence of trace elements vary in different coal seams as a result of different coal-forming environments. Vanadium, Cr, and Th are associated with&nbsp;aluminosilicate&nbsp;minerals, Ba with carbonate minerals, and Cu, Zn, As, Se, and Pb mainly with&nbsp;sulfide&nbsp;minerals.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2011.08.002","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Chen, J., Liu, G., Jiang, M., Chou, C.L., Li, H., Wu, B., Zheng, L., and Jiang, D., 2011, Geochemistry of environmentally sensitive trace elements in Permian coals from the Huainan coalfield, Anhui, China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 88, no. 1, p. 41-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2011.08.002.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216888,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2011.08.002"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Huainan coalfield","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              114.873046875,\n              32.35212281198644\n            ],\n            [\n              115.42236328124999,\n              31.62532121329918\n            ],\n            [\n              118.267822265625,\n              31.793555207271424\n            ],\n            [\n              119.15771484375,\n              33.47727218776036\n            ],\n            [\n              118.23486328125,\n              34.551811369170494\n            ],\n            [\n              116.90551757812499,\n              34.94899072578227\n            ],\n            [\n              115.49926757812499,\n              34.6060845921693\n            ],\n            [\n              114.42260742187499,\n              33.706062655101206\n            ],\n            [\n              114.620361328125,\n              32.35212281198644\n            ],\n            [\n              114.873046875,\n              32.35212281198644\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16f3e4b0c8380cd5531a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, J.","contributorId":104634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jiang, M.","contributorId":103062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, H.","contributorId":44338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wu, B.","contributorId":23362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zheng, Lingyun","contributorId":68495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Lingyun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jiang, D.","contributorId":58869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70034366,"text":"70034366 - 2011 - Mortality of Siberian polecats and black-footed ferrets released onto prairie dog colonies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T20:09:47.111367","indexId":"70034366","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality of Siberian polecats and black-footed ferrets released onto prairie dog colonies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Black-footed ferrets (</span><i>Mustela nigripes</i><span>) likely were extirpated from the wild in 1985–1986, and their repatriation depends on captive breeding and reintroduction. Postrelease survival of animals can be affected by behavioral changes induced by captivity. We released neutered Siberian polecats (</span><i>M. eversmanii</i><span>), close relatives of ferrets, in 1989–1990 on black-tailed prairie dog (</span><i>Cynomys ludovicianus</i><span>) colonies in Colorado and Wyoming initially to test rearing and reintroduction techniques. Captive-born polecats were reared in cages or cages plus outdoor pens, released from elevated cages or into burrows, and supplementally fed or not fed. We also translocated wild-born polecats from China in 1990 and released captive-born, cage-reared black-footed ferrets in 1991, the 1st such reintroduction of black-footed ferrets. We documented mortality for 55 of 92 radiotagged animals in these studies, mostly due to predation (46 cases). Coyotes (</span><i>Canis latrans</i><span>) killed 31 ferrets and polecats. Supplementally fed polecats survived longer than nonprovisioned polecats. With a model based on deaths per distance moved, survival was highest for wild-born polecats, followed by pen-experienced, then cage-reared groups. Indexes of abundance (from spotlight surveys) for several predators were correlated with mortality rates of polecats and ferrets due to those predators. Released black-footed ferrets had lower survival rates than their ancestral population in Wyoming, and lower survival than wild-born and translocated polecats, emphasizing the influence of captivity. Captive-born polecats lost body mass more rapidly postrelease than did captive-born ferrets. Differences in hunting efficiency and prey selection provide further evidence that these polecats and ferrets are not ecological equivalents in the strict sense.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/10-MAMM-S-115.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Biggins, E., Miller, B., Hanebury, L.R., and Powell, R.A., 2011, Mortality of Siberian polecats and black-footed ferrets released onto prairie dog colonies: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 92, no. 4, p. 721-731, https://doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-S-115.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"721","endPage":"731","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487180,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/10-mamm-s-115.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216950,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-S-115.1"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e75e4b0c8380cd70a62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, E.","contributorId":88303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, B.J.","contributorId":17173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanebury, Louis R.","contributorId":47544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanebury","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, R. A.","contributorId":41789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034373,"text":"70034373 - 2011 - Implementation and modification of a three-dimensional radiation stress formulation for surf zone and rip-current applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T19:47:50.843561","indexId":"70034373","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1262,"text":"Coastal Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implementation and modification of a three-dimensional radiation stress formulation for surf zone and rip-current applications","docAbstract":"<p><span>Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS v 3.0), a three-dimensional numerical ocean model, was previously enhanced for shallow water applications by including wave-induced radiation stress forcing provided through coupling to wave propagation models (SWAN, REF/DIF). This enhancement made it suitable for surf zone applications as demonstrated using examples of obliquely incident waves on a planar beach and rip current formation in longshore bar trough morphology (Haas and Warner, 2009). In this contribution, we present an update to the coupled model which implements a wave roller model and also a modified method of the radiation stress term based on Mellor (2008, 2011a,b,in press) that includes a vertical distribution which better simulates non-conservative (i.e., wave breaking) processes and appears to be more appropriate for sigma coordinates in very shallow waters where wave breaking conditions dominate. The improvements of the modified model are shown through simulations of several cases that include: (a) obliquely incident spectral waves on a planar beach; (b) obliquely incident spectral waves on a natural barred beach (DUCK'94 experiment); (c) alongshore variable offshore wave forcing on a planar beach; (d) alongshore varying bathymetry with constant offshore wave forcing; and (e) nearshore barred morphology with rip-channels. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons to previous analytical, numerical, laboratory studies and field measurements show that the modified model replicates surf zone recirculation patterns (onshore drift at the surface and undertow at the bottom) more accurately than previous formulations based on radiation stress (Haas and Warner, 2009). The results of the model and test cases are further explored for identifying the forces operating in rip current development and the potential implication for sediment transport and rip channel development. Also, model analysis showed that rip current strength is higher when waves approach at angles of 5° to 10° in comparison to normally incident waves.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.06.009","issn":"03783839","usgsCitation":"Kumar, N., Voulgaris, G., and Warner, J., 2011, Implementation and modification of a three-dimensional radiation stress formulation for surf zone and rip-current applications: Coastal Engineering, v. 58, no. 12, p. 1097-1117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.06.009.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1117","numberOfPages":"21","ipdsId":"IP-022281","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216589,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.06.009"}],"volume":"58","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a390be4b0c8380cd617a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kumar, N.","contributorId":55227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voulgaris, G.","contributorId":73701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voulgaris","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034376,"text":"70034376 - 2011 - Comparison of two methods used to model shape parameters of Pareto distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T12:04:15.361576","indexId":"70034376","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2701,"text":"Mathematical Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of two methods used to model shape parameters of Pareto distributions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two methods are compared for estimating the shape parameters of Pareto field-size (or pool-size) distributions for petroleum resource assessment. Both methods assume mature exploration in which most of the larger fields have been discovered. Both methods use the sizes of larger discovered fields to estimate the numbers and sizes of smaller fields: (1)&nbsp;the tail-truncated method uses a plot of field size versus size rank, and (2)&nbsp;the log–geometric method uses data binned in field-size classes and the ratios of adjacent bin counts. Simulation experiments were conducted using discovered oil and gas pool-size distributions from four petroleum systems in Alberta, Canada and using Pareto distributions generated by Monte Carlo simulation. The estimates of the shape parameters of the Pareto distributions, calculated by both the tail-truncated and log–geometric methods, generally stabilize where discovered pool numbers are greater than 100. However, with fewer than 100 discoveries, these estimates can vary greatly with each new discovery. The estimated shape parameters of the tail-truncated method are more stable and larger than those of the log–geometric method where the number of discovered pools is more than 100. Both methods, however, tend to underestimate the shape parameter. Monte Carlo simulation was also used to create sequences of discovered pool sizes by sampling from a Pareto distribution with a discovery process model using a defined exploration efficiency (in order to show how biased the sampling was in favor of larger fields being discovered first). A&nbsp;higher (more biased) exploration efficiency gives better estimates of the Pareto shape parameters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11004-011-9361-6","issn":"18748961","usgsCitation":"Liu, C., Charpentier, R., and Su, J., 2011, Comparison of two methods used to model shape parameters of Pareto distributions: Mathematical Geosciences, v. 43, no. 7, p. 847-859, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-011-9361-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"847","endPage":"859","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f848e4b0c8380cd4cfc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, C.","contributorId":67755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R.","contributorId":33674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Su, J.","contributorId":39187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034382,"text":"70034382 - 2011 - Controls on large landslide distribution and implications for the geomorphic evolution of the southern interior Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T12:00:12.727323","indexId":"70034382","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on large landslide distribution and implications for the geomorphic evolution of the southern interior Columbia River basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Large landslides (&gt;0.1 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) are important agents of geomorphic change. While most common in rugged mountain ranges, large landslides can also be widespread in relatively low-relief (several 100 m) terrain, where their distribution has been relatively little studied. A fuller understanding of the role of large landslides in landscape evolution requires addressing this gap, since the distribution of large landslides may affect broad regions through interactions with channel processes, and since the dominant controls on landslide distribution might be expected to vary with tectonic setting. We documented &gt;400 landslides between 0.1 and ∼40 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;across ∼140,000 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;of eastern Oregon, in the semiarid, southern interior Columbia River basin. The mapped landslides cluster in a NW-SE–trending band that is 50–100 km wide. Landslides predominantly occur where even modest local relief (∼100 m) exists near key contacts between weak sedimentary or volcaniclastic rock and coherent cap rock. Fault density exerts no control on landslide distribution, while ∼10% of mapped landslides cluster within 3–10 km of mapped fold axes. Landslide occurrence is curtailed to the NE by thick packages of coherent basalt and to the SW by limited local relief. Our results suggest that future mass movements will localize in areas stratigraphically preconditioned for landsliding by a geologic history of fluviolacustrine and volcaniclastic sedimentation and episodic capping by coherent lava flows. In such areas, episodic landsliding may persist for hundreds of thousands of years or more, producing valley wall slopes of ∼7°–13° and impacting local channels with an evolving array of mass movement styles.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America.","doi":"10.1130/B30061.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Safran, E., Anderson, S., Mills-Novoa, M., House, P., and Ely, L., 2011, Controls on large landslide distribution and implications for the geomorphic evolution of the southern interior Columbia River basin: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 123, no. 9-10, p. 1851-1862, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30061.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1851","endPage":"1862","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Southern interior Columbia River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.00488281250001,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.15869140624999,\n              42.52069952914966\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.52099609375,\n              43.40504748787035\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.44384765625,\n              44.69989765840318\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.08056640625,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.75048828124999,\n              44.88701247981298\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92626953124999,\n              43.929549935614595\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.728515625,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.00488281250001,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"123","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbd0e4b0c8380cd4df9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safran, E.B.","contributorId":76970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safran","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, S.W.","contributorId":25628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mills-Novoa, M.","contributorId":33143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills-Novoa","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"House, P.K.","contributorId":25755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ely, L.","contributorId":105944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034385,"text":"70034385 - 2011 - An equation of state for hypersaline water in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T11:59:28.876478","indexId":"70034385","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An equation of state for hypersaline water in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Great Salt Lake (GSL) is one of the largest and most saline lakes in the world. In order to accurately model limnological processes in GSL, hydrodynamic calculations require the precise estimation of water density (</span><i>ρ</i><span>) under a variety of environmental conditions. An equation of state was developed with water samples collected from GSL to estimate density as a function of salinity and water temperature. The&nbsp;</span><i>ρ</i><span>&nbsp;of water samples from the south arm of GSL was measured as a function of temperature ranging from 278 to 323 degrees Kelvin (</span><sup>o</sup><span>K) and conductivity salinities ranging from 23 to 182&nbsp;g L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;using an Anton Paar density meter. These results have been used to develop the following equation of state for GSL (σ&nbsp;=&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.32&nbsp;kg&nbsp;m</span><sup>−3</sup><span>):</span></p><p><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mi\">ρ</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mo\">−</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mi\">ρ<sup>0</sup></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mo\">=</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"mn\">184</span></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mn\">.0</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"mn\">10</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mn\">6</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"mn\">2</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"mrow\"></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-20\" class=\"mo\">+</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-21\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-22\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-23\" class=\"mn\">1</span></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-24\" class=\"mn\">.0</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-25\" class=\"mn\">4</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-26\" class=\"mn\">70</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-27\" class=\"mn\">8</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-28\" class=\"mo\">∗</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-29\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-30\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-31\" class=\"mtext\">S</span></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-32\" class=\"mo\">−</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-33\" class=\"mn\">1.</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-34\" class=\"mn\">2</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-35\" class=\"mn\">10</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-36\" class=\"mn\">6</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-37\" class=\"mn\">1</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-38\" class=\"mo\">∗</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-39\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-40\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-41\" class=\"mtext\">T&nbsp;</span></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-42\" class=\"mo\">+</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-43\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-44\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-45\" class=\"mn\">3</span></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-46\" class=\"mo\">.</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-47\" class=\"mn\">1</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-48\" class=\"mn\">4</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-49\" class=\"mn\">7</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-50\" class=\"mn\">2</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-51\" class=\"mn\">1</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-52\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-53\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-54\" class=\"mtext\">E</span></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-55\" class=\"mo\">−</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-56\" class=\"mn\">4</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-57\" class=\"mo\">∗</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-58\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-59\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-60\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-61\" class=\"mtext\">S<sup>2</sup></span></span></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-65\" class=\"mo\">+</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-66\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-67\" class=\"mn\">0.00</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-68\" class=\"mn\">1</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-69\" class=\"mn\">9</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-70\" class=\"mn\">9</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-71\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-72\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-73\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-74\" class=\"mtext\">T<span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><sup>2</sup></span></span></span></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-78\" class=\"mo\">−</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-79\" class=\"mn\">0.00</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-80\" class=\"mn\">1</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-81\" class=\"mn\">1</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-82\" class=\"mn\">2</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-83\" class=\"mo\">∗</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-84\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-85\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-86\" class=\"mtext\">S</span></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-87\" class=\"mo\">∗</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-88\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-89\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-90\" class=\"mtext\">T</span></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-91\" class=\"mo\">,</span></span></p><p><span><span class=\"mo\">where&nbsp;<i>ρ</i>&nbsp;<sup>0</sup>&nbsp;is the density of pure water in kg&nbsp;m<sup>−3</sup>, S is conductivity salinity g L<sup>−1</sup>, and T is water temperature in degrees Kelvin.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10498-011-9138-z","issn":"13806165","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., Millero, F., Jones, B., and Green, W.R., 2011, An equation of state for hypersaline water in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 17, no. 6, p. 809-820, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-011-9138-z.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"809","endPage":"820","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":438835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MNH8J","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Density and salinity data to validate an equation of state for hypersaline water in Great Salt Lake, Utah, 2021&amp;amp;amp;amp;ndash;2022"},{"id":244659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.9010009765625,\n              40.68063802521456\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.7529296875,\n              40.68063802521456\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.7529296875,\n              41.335575973123916\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.9010009765625,\n              41.335575973123916\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.9010009765625,\n              40.68063802521456\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9d3e4b0c8380cd484aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millero, F.J.","contributorId":106345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millero","given":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Green, W. R.","contributorId":68354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034389,"text":"70034389 - 2011 - Short-term survival and effects of transmitter implantation into western grebes using a modified surgical procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-13T11:44:10","indexId":"70034389","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term survival and effects of transmitter implantation into western grebes using a modified surgical procedure","docAbstract":"Two pilot trials and one study in a closely related grebe species suggest that Western grebes (<i>Aechmophorus occidentalis</i>) will not tolerate intracoelomic transmitter implantation with percutaneous antennae and often die within days of surgery. Wild Western grebes (n = 21) were captured to evaluate a modified surgical technique. Seven birds were surgically implanted with intracoelomic transmitters with percutaneous antennae by using the modified technique (transmitter group), 7 received the same surgery without transmitter implantation (celiotomy group), and 7 served as controls (only undergoing anesthesia). Modifications included laterally offsetting the body wall incision from the skin incision, application of absorbable cyanoacrylate tissue glue to the subcutaneous space between the body wall and skin incisions, application of a waterproof sealant to the skin incision after suture closure, and application of a piece of porcine small intestine submucosa to the antenna egress. Survival did not differ among the 3 groups with 7 of 7 control, 6 of 7 celiotomy, and 6 of 7 transmitter birds surviving the 9-day study. Experimental birds were euthanized at the end of the study, and postmortem findings indicated normal healing. Significant differences in plasma chemistry or immune function were not detected among the 3 groups, and only minor differences were detected in red blood cell indices and plasma proteins. After surgery, the birds in the transmitter group spent more time preening tail feathers than those in the control and celiotomy groups. These results demonstrate that, in a captive situation, celiotomy and intracoelomic transmitter implantation caused minimal detectable homeostatic disturbance in this species and that Western grebes can survive implantation of intracoelomic transmitters with percutaneous antennae. It remains to be determined what potential this modified surgical procedure has to improve postoperative survival of Western grebes that are intracelomically implanted with transmitters with percutaneous antennae and released into the wild.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/2010-0233.1","issn":"10427260","usgsCitation":"Gaydos, J.K., Massey, J.G., Mulcahy, D.M., Gaskins, L.A., Nysewander, D., Evenson, J., Siegel, P.B., and Ziccardi, M.H., 2011, Short-term survival and effects of transmitter implantation into western grebes using a modified surgical procedure: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 42, no. 3, p. 414-425, https://doi.org/10.1638/2010-0233.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"414","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216829,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2010-0233.1"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ec7e4b08c986b318b3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaydos, Joseph K.","contributorId":28456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Massey, J. Gregory","contributorId":101054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaskins, Lori A.","contributorId":6288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaskins","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nysewander, David","contributorId":57298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nysewander","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Evenson, Joseph","contributorId":19809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Siegel, Paul B.","contributorId":44763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ziccardi, Michael H.","contributorId":16677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziccardi","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036356,"text":"70036356 - 2011 - Impacts of past climate and sea level change on Everglades wetlands: placing a century of anthropogenic change into a late-Holocene context","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T23:38:31","indexId":"70036356","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of past climate and sea level change on Everglades wetlands: placing a century of anthropogenic change into a late-Holocene context","docAbstract":"We synthesize existing evidence on the ecological history of the Florida Everglades since its inception ~7 ka (calibrated kiloannum) and evaluate the relative impacts of sea level rise, climate variability, and human alteration of Everglades hydrology on wetland plant communities. Initial freshwater peat accumulation began between 6 and 7 ka on the platform underlying modern Florida Bay when sea level was ~6.2 m below its current position. By 5 ka, sawgrass and waterlily peats covered the area bounded by Lake Okeechobee to the north and the Florida Keys to the south. Slower rates of relative sea level rise ~3 ka stabilized the south Florida coastline and initiated transitions from freshwater to mangrove peats near the coast. Hydrologic changes in freshwater marshes also are indicated ~3 ka. During the last ~2 ka, the Everglades wetland was affected by a series of hydrologic fluctuations related to regional to global-scale fluctuations in climate and sea level. Pollen evidence indicates that regional-scale droughts lasting two to four centuries occurred ~1 ka and ~0.4 ka, altering wetland community composition and triggering development of characteristic Everglades habitats such as sawgrass ridges and tree islands. Intercalation of mangrove peats with estuarine muds ~1 ka indicates a temporary slowing or stillstand of sea level. Although sustained droughts and Holocene sea level rise played large roles in structuring the greater Everglades ecosystem, twentieth century reductions in freshwater flow, compartmentalization of the wetland, and accelerated rates of sea level rise had unprecedented impacts on oxidation and subsidence of organic soils, changes/loss of key Everglades habitats, and altered distribution of coastal vegetation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-011-0078-9","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Willard, D., and Bernhardt, C., 2011, Impacts of past climate and sea level change on Everglades wetlands: placing a century of anthropogenic change into a late-Holocene context: Climatic Change, v. 107, no. 1, p. 59-80, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0078-9.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"80","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218372,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0078-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.52,24.85 ], [ -81.52,25.89 ], [ -80.39,25.89 ], [ -80.39,24.85 ], [ -81.52,24.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"107","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38f2e4b0c8380cd6174b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willard, Debra  A. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":85982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra  A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernhardt, C.E.","contributorId":65554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034393,"text":"70034393 - 2011 - A multispecies framework for landscape conservation planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T11:55:34.984718","indexId":"70034393","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multispecies framework for landscape conservation planning","docAbstract":"<p>&nbsp;Rapidly changing landscapes have spurred the need for quantitative methods for conservation assessment and planning that encompass large spatial extents. We devised and tested a multispecies framework for conservation planning to complement single‐species assessments and ecosystem‐level approaches. Our framework consisted of 4 elements: sampling to effectively estimate population parameters, measuring how human activity affects landscapes at multiple scales, analyzing the relation between landscape characteristics and individual species occurrences, and evaluating and comparing the responses of multiple species to landscape modification. We applied the approach to a community of terrestrial birds across 25,000 km<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;with a range of intensities of human development. Human modification of land cover, road density, and other elements of the landscape, measured at multiple spatial extents, had large effects on occupancy of the 67 species studied. Forest composition within 1 km of points had a strong effect on occupancy of many species and a range of negative, intermediate, and positive associations. Road density within 1 km of points, percent evergreen forest within 300 m, and distance from patch edge were also strongly associated with occupancy for many species. We used the occupancy results to group species into 11 guilds that shared patterns of association with landscape characteristics. Our multispecies approach to conservation planning allowed us to quantify the trade‐offs of different scenarios of land‐cover change in terms of species occupancy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01723.x","issn":"08888892","usgsCitation":"Schwenk, W., and Donovan, T., 2011, A multispecies framework for landscape conservation planning: Conservation Biology, v. 25, no. 5, p. 1010-1021, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01723.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1010","endPage":"1021","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2eee4b0c8380cd45d33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwenk, W.S.","contributorId":19405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwenk","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donovan, T.M.","contributorId":91602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}