{"pageNumber":"765","pageRowStart":"19100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46689,"records":[{"id":70198228,"text":"70198228 - 2009 - Continuing inflation at Three Sisters volcanic center, central Oregon Cascade Range, USA, from GPS, leveling, and InSAR observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-11T10:54:58","indexId":"70198228","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continuing inflation at Three Sisters volcanic center, central Oregon Cascade Range, USA, from GPS, leveling, and InSAR observations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Uplift of a broad area centered ~6&nbsp;km west of the summit of South Sister volcano started in September 1997 (onset estimated from model discussed in this paper) and was continuing when surveyed in August 2006. Surface displacements were measured whenever possible since August 1992 with satellite radar interferometry (InSAR), annually since August 2001 with GPS and leveling surveys, and with continuous GPS since May 2001. The average maximum displacement rate from InSAR decreased from 3–5&nbsp;cm/yr during 1998–2001 to ~1.4&nbsp;cm/yr during 2004–2006. The other datasets show a similar pattern, i.e., surface uplift and extension rates decreased over time but deformation continued through August 2006. Our best-fit model to the deformation data is a vertical, prolate, spheroidal point-pressure source located 4.9–5.4&nbsp;km below the surface. The source inflation rate decreased exponentially during 2001–2006 with a 1/</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">e</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>decay time of 5.3 ± 1.1&nbsp;years. The net increase in source volume from September 1997 to August 2006 was 36.5–41.9 x 10</span><sup>6</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>m</span><sup>3</sup><span>. A swarm of ~300 small (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">M</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><sub>max</sub><span> = 1.9) earthquakes occurred beneath the deforming area in March 2004; no other unusual seismicity has been noted. Similar deformation episodes in the past probably would have gone unnoticed if, as we suspect, most are small intrusions that do not culminate in eruptions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-009-0296-4","usgsCitation":"Dzurisin, D., Lisowski, M., and Wicks, C., 2009, Continuing inflation at Three Sisters volcanic center, central Oregon Cascade Range, USA, from GPS, leveling, and InSAR observations: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 71, p. 1091-1110, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-009-0296-4.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1091","endPage":"1110","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.55249023437501,\n              45.62940492064501\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.55224609375,\n              42.39912215986002\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.08007812499999,\n              42.285437007491545\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.14624023437499,\n              45.637087095718734\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.55249023437501,\n              45.62940492064501\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b9bbe4b0702d0e8451f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wicks, Charles W. Jr. cwicks@usgs.gov","contributorId":3476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cwicks@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":740655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97609,"text":"ofr20091120 - 2009 - Estimation of Missing Water-Level Data for the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:30","indexId":"ofr20091120","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1120","title":"Estimation of Missing Water-Level Data for the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN)","docAbstract":"The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) is an integrated network of real-time water-level gaging stations, ground-elevation models, and water-surface elevation models designed to provide scientists, engineers, and water-resource managers with current (2000-2009) water-depth information for the entire freshwater portion of the greater Everglades. The U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science provides support for EDEN and their goal of providing quality-assured monitoring data for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. To increase the accuracy of the daily water-surface elevation model, water-level estimation equations were developed to fill missing data. To minimize the occurrences of no estimation of data due to missing data for an input station, a minimum of three linear regression equations were developed for each station using different input stations. Of the 726 water-level estimation equations developed to fill missing data at 239 stations, more than 60 percent of the equations have coefficients of determination greater than 0.90, and 92 percent have an coefficient of determination greater than 0.70.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091120","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., and Petkewich, M.D., 2009, Estimation of Missing Water-Level Data for the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1120, iv, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091120.","productDescription":"iv, 54 p.","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12752,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1120/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97596,"text":"fs20093022 - 2009 - Web-Based Geospatial Tools to Address Hazard Mitigation, Natural Resource Management, and Other Societal Issues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"fs20093022","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3022","title":"Web-Based Geospatial Tools to Address Hazard Mitigation, Natural Resource Management, and Other Societal Issues","docAbstract":"Federal, State, and local government agencies in the United States face a broad range of issues on a daily basis. Among these are natural hazard mitigation, homeland security, emergency response, economic and community development, water supply, and health and safety services. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) helps decision makers address these issues by providing natural hazard assessments, information on energy, mineral, water and biological resources, maps, and other geospatial information.\r\n\r\nIncreasingly, decision makers at all levels are challenged not by the lack of information, but by the absence of effective tools to synthesize the large volume of data available, and to utilize the data to frame policy options in a straightforward and understandable manner. While geographic information system (GIS) technology has been widely applied to this end, systems with the necessary analytical power have been usable only by trained operators. The USGS is addressing the need for more accessible, manageable data tools by developing a suite of Web-based geospatial applications that will incorporate USGS and cooperating partner data into the decision making process for a variety of critical issues. Examples of Web-based geospatial tools being used to address societal issues follow.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093022","usgsCitation":"Hearn, 2009, Web-Based Geospatial Tools to Address Hazard Mitigation, Natural Resource Management, and Other Societal Issues: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3022, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093022.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3022.jpg"},{"id":12740,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad2e4b07f02db681985","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, Jr. phearn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","suffix":"Jr.","email":"phearn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97598,"text":"ds425 - 2009 - Map Database for Surficial Materials in the Conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"ds425","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"425","title":"Map Database for Surficial Materials in the Conterminous United States","docAbstract":"The Earth's bedrock is overlain in many places by a loosely compacted and mostly unconsolidated blanket of sediments in which soils commonly are developed. These sediments generally were eroded from underlying rock, and then were transported and deposited. In places, they exceed 1000 ft (330 m) in thickness. Where the sediment blanket is absent, bedrock is either exposed or has been weathered to produce a residual soil. For the conterminous United States, a map by Soller and Reheis (2004, scale 1:5,000,000; http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-275/) shows these sediments and the weathered, residual material; for ease of discussion, these are referred to as 'surficial materials'. That map was produced as a PDF file, from an Adobe Illustrator-formatted version of the provisional GIS database. The provisional GIS files were further processed without modifying the content of the published map, and are here published.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds425","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., Reheis, M., Garrity, C.P., and Van Sistine, D., 2009, Map Database for Surficial Materials in the Conterminous United States (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 425, Report: 12 p.; ReadMe; Metadata; GIS Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds425.","productDescription":"Report: 12 p.; ReadMe; Metadata; GIS Data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":238,"text":"Eastern Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12742,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/425/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aefa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, David R. 0000-0001-6177-8332 drsoller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-8332","contributorId":2700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"David","email":"drsoller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reheis, Marith C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":101244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garrity, Christopher P. 0000-0002-5565-1818 cgarrity@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1818","contributorId":644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrity","given":"Christopher","email":"cgarrity@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Sistine, D. R.","contributorId":48661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Sistine","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97597,"text":"sir20095108 - 2009 - Flood of April 2007 and flood-frequency estimates at streamflow-gaging stations in western Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-14T21:46:03.816285","indexId":"sir20095108","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5108","title":"Flood of April 2007 and flood-frequency estimates at streamflow-gaging stations in western Connecticut","docAbstract":"<p>A spring nor’easter affected the East Coast of the United States from April 15 to 18, 2007. In Connecticut, rainfall varied from 3 inches to more than 7 inches. The combined effects of heavy rainfall over a short duration, high winds, and high tides led to widespread flooding, storm damage, power outages, evacuations, and disruptions to traffic and commerce. The storm caused at least 18 fatalities (none in Connecticut). A Presidential Disaster Declaration was issued on May 11, 2007, for two counties in western Connecticut—Fairfield and Litchfield. This report documents hydrologic and meteorologic aspects of the April 2007 flood and includes estimates of the magnitude of the peak discharges and peak stages during the flood at 28 streamflow-gaging stations in western Connecticut. These data were used to perform flood-frequency analyses. Flood-frequency estimates provided in this report are expressed in terms of exceedance probabilities (the probability of a flood reaching or exceeding a particular magnitude in any year). Flood-frequency estimates for the 0.50, 0.20, 0.10, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.002 exceedance probabilities (also expressed as 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2- percent exceedance probability, respectively) were computed for 24 of the 28 streamflow-gaging stations. Exceedance probabilities can further be expressed in terms of recurrence intervals (2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence interval, respectively). Flood-frequency estimates computed in this study were compared to the flood-frequency estimates used to derive the water-surface profiles in previously published Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Studies. The estimates in this report update and supersede previously published flood-frequency estimates for streamflowgaging stations in Connecticut by incorporating additional years of annual peak discharges, including the peaks for the April 2007 flood.</p><p>In the southwest coastal region of Connecticut, the April 2007 peak discharges for streamflow-gaging stations with records extending back to 1955 were the second highest peak discharges on record; the 1955 annual peak discharges are the highest peak discharges in the station records. In the Housatonic and South Central Coast Basins, the April 2007 peak discharges for streamflow-gaging stations with records extending back to 1930 or earlier ranked between the fourth and eighth highest discharges on record, with the 1936, 1938, and 1955 floods as the largest floods in the station records.</p><p>The peak discharges for the April 2007 flood have exceedance probabilities ranging between 0.10 to 0.02 (a 10- to 2-percent chance of being exceeded in a given year, respectively) with the majority (80 percent) of the stations having exceedance probabilities between 0.10 to 0.04. At three stations—Norwalk River at South Wilton, Pootatuck River at Sandy Hook, and Still River at Robertsville—the April 2007 peak discharges have an exceedance probability of 0.02.</p><p>Flood-frequency estimates made after the April 2007 flood were compared to flood-frequency estimates used to derive the water-surface profiles (also called flood profiles) in FEMA Flood Insurance Studies developed for communities. In general, the comparison indicated that at the 0.10 exceedance probability (a 10-percent change of being exceeded in a given year), the discharges from the current (2007) flood-frequency analysis are larger than the discharges in the FEMA Flood Insurance Studies, with a median change of about +10 percent. In contrast, at the 0.01 exceedance probability (a 1-percent change of being exceeded in a year), the discharges from the current flood-frequency analysis are smaller than the discharges in the FEMA Flood Insurance Studies, with a median change of about -13 percent.</p><p>Several stations had more than + 25 percent change in discharges at the 0.10 exceedance probability and are in the following communities: Winchester (Still River at Robertsville, +50 percent change); Hamden (Mill River near Hamden, +46 percent change); Woodbury (Weekeepeemee River at Hotchkissville, +29 percent change); and Newtown (Pootatuck River at Sandy Hook , +28 percent change). Although the majority of the streamflow-gaging stations had discharges at the 0.01 exceedance probability smaller than in the Flood Insurance Studies, the (2007) flood-frequency estimates were larger than in the Flood Insurance Studies for stations in the following communities: Hamden (Mill River near Hamden, +53 percent change); Thomaston (Naugatuck River at Thomaston, +27 percent change); Newtown (Pootatuck River at Sandy Hook, +18 percent change); and Wallingford (Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, +13 percent change). The 1-percent exceedance probability (100-year flood) elevations at streamflow-gaging stations exceeded the FEMA projected 100-year flood elevations by more than +0.5 feet in two Flood Insurance Studies in the communities of Wallingford (Quinnipiac River at Wallingford, +0.6 feet change) and Hamden (Mill River near Hamden, + 2.3 feet change).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095108","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Ahearn, E.A., 2009, Flood of April 2007 and flood-frequency estimates at streamflow-gaging stations in western Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5108, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095108.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-04-15","temporalEnd":"2007-04-18","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12741,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5108/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195506,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":430246,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86730.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.75,41 ], [ -73.75,42.05 ], [ -72.5,42.05 ], [ -72.5,41 ], [ -73.75,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eec94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahearn, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-5633-2640 eaahearn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-2640","contributorId":194658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahearn","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eaahearn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97593,"text":"ds442 - 2009 - Geochemical data for Upper Mineral Creek, Colorado, under existing ambient conditions and during an experimental pH modification, August 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T08:32:55","indexId":"ds442","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"442","title":"Geochemical data for Upper Mineral Creek, Colorado, under existing ambient conditions and during an experimental pH modification, August 2005","docAbstract":"Mineral Creek, an acid mine drainage stream in south-western Colorado, was the subject of a water-quality study that employed a paired synoptic approach. Under the paired synoptic approach, two synoptic sampling campaigns were conducted on the same study reach. The initial synoptic campaign, conducted August 22, 2005, documented stream-water quality under existing ambient conditions. A second synoptic campaign, conducted August 24, 2005, documented stream-water quality during a pH-modification experiment that elevated the pH of Mineral Creek. The experimental pH modification was designed to determine the potential reductions in dissolved constituent concentrations that would result from the implementation of an active treatment system for acid mine drainage. During both synoptic sampling campaigns, a solution containing lithium bromide was injected continuously to allow for the calculation of streamflow using the tracer-dilution method. Synoptic water-quality samples were collected from 30 stream sites and 11 inflow locations along the 2-kilometer study reach. Data from the study provide spatial profiles of pH, concentration, and streamflow under both existing and experimentally-altered conditions. This report presents the data obtained August 21-24, 2005, as well as the methods used for sample collection and data analysis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds442","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with San Juan County San Juan Resource Conservation and Development Council U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., Kimball, B.A., Steiger, J.I., and Walton-Day, K., 2009, Geochemical data for Upper Mineral Creek, Colorado, under existing ambient conditions and during an experimental pH modification, August 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 442, vi, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds442.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-08-21","temporalEnd":"2005-08-24","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12737,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/442/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.73333333333333,37.86805555555556 ], [ -107.73333333333333,37.9 ], [ -107.7,37.9 ], [ -107.7,37.86805555555556 ], [ -107.73333333333333,37.86805555555556 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2a59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steiger, Judy I. jsteiger@usgs.gov","contributorId":3689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiger","given":"Judy","email":"jsteiger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":302618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70208392,"text":"70208392 - 2009 - Review of FEWS NET biophysical monitoring requirements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T10:14:52","indexId":"70208392","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-12T15:49:57","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review of FEWS NET biophysical monitoring requirements","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS NET) provides monitoring and early warning support to decision makers responsible for responding to famine and food insecurity. FEWS NET transforms satellite remote sensing data into rainfall and vegetation information that can be used by these decision makers. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has recently funded activities to enhance remote sensing inputs to FEWS NET. To elicit Earth observation requirements, a professional review questionnaire was disseminated to FEWS NET expert end-users; it focused upon operational requirements to determine additional useful remote sensing data and, subsequently, to assess whether such data would be beneficial as FEWS NET biophysical supplementary inputs. The review was completed by over 40 experts from around the world. Reviewers were asked to evaluate the relative importance of environmental variables and spatio-temporal requirements for Earth science data products, in particular for rainfall and vegetation products. The results showed that spatio-temporal resolution requirements are complex and need to vary according to place, time, and hazard; that high resolution remote sensing products continue to be in demand; and that rainfall and vegetation products are valued as data that provide actionable food security information.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"IOPscience","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/4/2/024009","usgsCitation":"Ross, K.W., Brown, M., Verdin, J.P., and Underwood, L.W., 2009, Review of FEWS NET biophysical monitoring requirements: Environmental Research Letters, v. 4, no. 2, 024009, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/4/2/024009.","productDescription":"024009, 10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/4/2/024009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, K. W.","contributorId":222256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, M.E.","contributorId":99680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":781706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Underwood, L. W.","contributorId":222257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Underwood","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97590,"text":"sir20095122 - 2009 - Navigability potential of Washington rivers and streams determined with hydraulic geometry and a geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-15T18:30:11.775464","indexId":"sir20095122","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5122","displayTitle":"Navigability Potential of Washington Rivers and Streams Determined with Hydraulic Geometry and a Geographic Information System","title":"Navigability potential of Washington rivers and streams determined with hydraulic geometry and a geographic information system","docAbstract":"Using discharge and channel geometry measurements from U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations and data from a geographic information system, regression relations were derived to predict river depth, top width, and bottom width as a function of mean annual discharge for rivers in the State of Washington. A new technique also was proposed to determine bottom width in channels, a parameter that has received relatively little attention in the geomorphology literature. These regression equations, when combined with estimates of mean annual discharge available in the National Hydrography Dataset, enabled the prediction of hydraulic geometry for any stream or river in the State of Washington.\r\n\r\nPredictions of hydraulic geometry can then be compared to thresholds established by the Washington State Department of Natural Resources to determine navigability potential of rivers. Rivers with a mean annual discharge of 1,660 cubic feet per second or greater are 'probably navigable' and rivers with a mean annual discharge of 360 cubic feet per second or less are 'probably not navigable'. Variance in the dataset, however, leads to a relatively wide range of prediction intervals. For example, although the predicted hydraulic depth at a mean annual discharge of 1,660 cubic feet per second is 3.5 feet, 90-percent prediction intervals indicate that the actual hydraulic depth may range from 1.8 to 7.0 feet. This methodology does not determine navigability - a legal concept determined by federal common law - instead, this methodology is a tool for predicting channel depth, top width, and bottom width for rivers and streams in Washington.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Magirl, C.S., and Olsen, T.D., 2009, Navigability potential of Washington rivers and streams determined with hydraulic geometry and a geographic information system: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5122, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095122.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5122/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,45 ], [ -125,49 ], [ -116,49 ], [ -116,45 ], [ -125,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"plainLanguageSummary":"<p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Theresa D. 0000-0003-4099-4057 tdolsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-4057","contributorId":1644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Theresa","email":"tdolsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97592,"text":"ofr20081278 - 2009 - The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) Version 4.0 - An ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-06T08:19:02","indexId":"ofr20081278","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1278","title":"The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) Version 4.0 - An ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change","docAbstract":"The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.0 is a software extension to ESRI ArcGIS v.9.2 and above that enables a user to calculate shoreline rate-of-change statistics from multiple historic shoreline positions. A user-friendly interface of simple buttons and menus guides the user through the major steps of shoreline change analysis. Components of the extension and user guide include (1) instruction on the proper way to define a reference baseline for measurements, (2) automated and manual generation of measurement transects and metadata based on user-specified parameters, and (3) output of calculated rates of shoreline change and other statistical information. DSAS computes shoreline rates of change using four different methods: (1) endpoint rate, (2) simple linear regression, (3) weighted linear regression, and (4) least median of squares. The standard error, correlation coefficient, and confidence interval are also computed for the simple and weighted linear-regression methods. The results of all rate calculations are output to a table that can be linked to the transect file by a common attribute field.  DSAS is intended to facilitate the shoreline change-calculation process and to provide rate-of-change information and the statistical data necessary to establish the reliability of the calculated results. The software is also suitable for any generic application that calculates positional change over time, such as assessing rates of change of glacier limits in sequential aerial photos, river edge boundaries, land-cover changes, and so on.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081278","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Innovate! Inc.","usgsCitation":"Thieler, E.R., Himmelstoss, E., Zichichi, J.L., and Ergul, A., 2009, The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) Version 4.0 - An ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1278, User Guide; Installer; Installer Package; Sample Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081278.","productDescription":"User Guide; Installer; Installer Package; Sample Data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12736,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/publications/DSAS/of2008-1278/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelstoss, Emily A.","contributorId":24736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelstoss","given":"Emily A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zichichi, Jessica L.","contributorId":49473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zichichi","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ergul, Ayhan","contributorId":12140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ergul","given":"Ayhan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97589,"text":"fs20093019 - 2009 - SPARROW MODELING - Enhancing Understanding of the Nation's Water Quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:32","indexId":"fs20093019","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3019","title":"SPARROW MODELING - Enhancing Understanding of the Nation's Water Quality","docAbstract":"The information provided here is intended to assist water-resources managers with interpretation of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) SPARROW model and its products. SPARROW models can be used to explain spatial patterns in monitored stream-water quality in relation to human activities and natural processes as defined by detailed geospatial information. Previous SPARROW applications have identified the sources and transport of nutrients in the Mississippi River basin, Chesapeake Bay watershed, and other major drainages of the United States. New SPARROW models with improved accuracy and interpretability are now being developed by the USGS National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program for six major regions of the conterminous United States. These new SPARROW models are based on updated geospatial data and stream-monitoring records from local, State, and other federal agencies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093019","usgsCitation":"Preston, S.D., Alexander, R.B., Woodside, M., and Hamilton, P.A., 2009, SPARROW MODELING - Enhancing Understanding of the Nation's Water Quality: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3019, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093019.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3019.jpg"},{"id":12733,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe15d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Preston, Stephen D. 0000-0003-1515-6692 spreston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-6692","contributorId":1463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Stephen","email":"spreston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodside, Michael D. mdwoodsi@usgs.gov","contributorId":2903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodside","given":"Michael D.","email":"mdwoodsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, Pixie A. pahamilt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Pixie","email":"pahamilt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":302604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70197559,"text":"70197559 - 2009 - An integrated approach to benthic habitat mapping using remote sensing and GIS: An example from the Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-27T16:02:10","indexId":"70197559","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"An integrated approach to benthic habitat mapping using remote sensing and GIS: An example from the Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"<p>This chapter documents our effort to map benthic habitats within the KalokoHonokohau National Historic Park, Hawai`i, USA. We produce detailed benthichabitat maps by using a combination of color aerial photography, high-resolution bathymetry, and georeferenced underwater video and still photography. We classify individual habitat polygons using five basic attributes and additional information regarding geology, morphology, and coral species. Derivative data sets including isobaths, hillshades, and slope maps are also generated. The mapping shows that benthic habitat and seafloor morphology varies greatly throughout the study area. Nearly 73% of the study area consists of a hardbottom structure that is potentially available for coral habitation; the remaining 27% includes unconsolidated sediment and artificial or historical features. Coral cover is generally low and increases with water depth. The offshore geology is predominantly composed of smooth to undulating pahoehoe-type basalt flows that form flat to gently sloping benches, vertical walls, and steep escarpments. In some locations the basalt surface is irregular and mounded into ridges, pinnacles, and arches. Large rounded basaltic boulders and smaller scattered rocks are common throughout the marine portions of the park. Coral or accreted carbonate reef obscures the underlying volcanic surface in only a few areas. The underlying geologic framework and morphology of the submerged volcanic flows within Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park provide the primary control on benthic habitats within the park. The habitat maps and associated data can be used as a stand-alone product or in a GIS to provide useful baseline information to scientists, managers and the general public.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing and geospatial technologies for coastal ecosystem assessment and management: Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag Press","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-88183-4_9","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, A.E., and Cochran, S., 2009, An integrated approach to benthic habitat mapping using remote sensing and GIS: An example from the Hawaiian Islands, chap. <i>of</i> Remote sensing and geospatial technologies for coastal ecosystem assessment and management: Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, p. 211-231, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88183-4_9.","productDescription":"21 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E.","contributorId":54229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A. 0000-0002-2442-8787 scochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-8787","contributorId":2062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","email":"scochran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":737665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97586,"text":"pp1761 - 2009 - Geophysical Interpretations of the Southern Espanola Basin, New Mexico, That Contribute to Understanding Its Hydrogeologic Framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:54","indexId":"pp1761","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1761","title":"Geophysical Interpretations of the Southern Espanola Basin, New Mexico, That Contribute to Understanding Its Hydrogeologic Framework","docAbstract":"The southern Espanola basin consists of a westward- and northward-thickening wedge of rift fill, composed primarily of Santa Fe Group sediments, that serves as an important aquifer for the city of Santa Fe and surrounding areas.  Detailed aeromagnetic surveys were flown to better understand ground-water resources in this aquifer.  This report presents a synthesis of these data with gravity data and other constraints.  The interpretations were accomplished using qualitative interpretation, state-of-art data analysis techniques, and two- and three-dimensional modeling.  The results depict the presence of and depth to many geologic features that have hydrogeologic significance, including shallow faults, different types of igneous units, and basement rocks.  The results are presented as map interpretations, geophysical profile models, and a digital surface that represents the base and thickness of Santa Fe Group sediments, as well as vector files of some volcanic features and faults.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1761","isbn":"9781411323650","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Mexico Office of the State Engineer","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., Phillips, J.D., Koning, D., Johnson, P.S., and Bankey, V., 2009, Geophysical Interpretations of the Southern Espanola Basin, New Mexico, That Contribute to Understanding Its Hydrogeologic Framework: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1761, Report: vi, 88 p.; 2 Plates: Plate 1 - 23 x 37.5 inches, Plate 2 - 23 x 38 inches; Also available on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1761.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 88 p.; 2 Plates: Plate 1 - 23 x 37.5 inches, Plate 2 - 23 x 38 inches; Also available on CD-ROM","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1761.gif"},{"id":12730,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1761/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.28416666666666,35.3675 ], [ -106.28416666666666,36.1175 ], [ -105.86749999999999,36.1175 ], [ -105.86749999999999,35.3675 ], [ -106.28416666666666,35.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c468","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey D. 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":1572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koning, Daniel","contributorId":58355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koning","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Peggy S.","contributorId":85689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Peggy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bankey, Viki viki@usgs.gov","contributorId":1238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bankey","given":"Viki","email":"viki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":302576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":97580,"text":"ofr20091073 - 2009 - The framework of a coastal hazards model: A tool for predicting the impact of severe storms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T21:23:20.449234","indexId":"ofr20091073","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1073","title":"The framework of a coastal hazards model: A tool for predicting the impact of severe storms","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project in Southern California (Jones and others, 2007) is a five-year project (FY2007-FY2011) integrating multiple USGS research activities with the needs of external partners, such as emergency managers and land-use planners, to produce products and information that can be used to create more disaster-resilient communities. The hazards being evaluated include earthquakes, landslides, floods, tsunamis, wildfires, and coastal hazards.\r\n\r\nFor the Coastal Hazards Task of the Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project in Southern California, the USGS is leading the development of a modeling system for forecasting the impact of winter storms threatening the entire Southern California shoreline from Pt. Conception to the Mexican border. The modeling system, run in real-time or with prescribed scenarios, will incorporate atmospheric information (that is, wind and pressure fields) with a suite of state-of-the-art physical process models (that is, tide, surge, and wave) to enable detailed prediction of currents, wave height, wave runup, and total water levels. Additional research-grade predictions of coastal flooding, inundation, erosion, and cliff failure will also be performed. Initial model testing, performance evaluation, and product development will be focused on a severe winter-storm scenario developed in collaboration with the Winter Storm Working Group of the USGS Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project in Southern California. Additional offline model runs and products will include coastal-hazard hindcasts of selected historical winter storms, as well as additional severe winter-storm simulations based on statistical analyses of historical wave and water-level data. The coastal-hazards model design will also be appropriate for simulating the impact of storms under various sea level rise and climate-change scenarios. The operational capabilities of this modeling system are designed to provide emergency planners with the critical information they need to respond quickly and efficiently and to increase public safety and mitigate damage associated with powerful coastal storms. For instance, high resolution local models will predict detailed wave heights, breaking patterns, and current strengths for use in warning systems for harbor-mouth navigation and densely populated coastal regions where beach safety is threatened. The offline applications are intended to equip coastal managers with the information needed to manage and allocate their resources effectively to protect sections of coast that may be most vulnerable to future severe storms.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091073","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P., O’Reilly, B., van Ormondt, M., Elias, E., Ruggiero, P., Erikson, L., Hapke, C., Collins, B., Guza, R.T., Adams, P.N., and Thomas, J., 2009, The framework of a coastal hazards model: A tool for predicting the impact of severe storms (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1073, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091073.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402650,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86720.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12723,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1073/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.5914306640625,\n              32.722598604044066\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.65283203124999,\n              32.722598604044066\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.65283203124999,\n              34.66032236481892\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5914306640625,\n              34.66032236481892\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5914306640625,\n              32.722598604044066\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c761","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L.","contributorId":54936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Reilly, Bill","contributorId":11299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Bill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Ormondt, Maarten","contributorId":50181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Ormondt","given":"Maarten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elias, Edwin","contributorId":50615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruggiero, Peter","contributorId":15709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":302550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erikson, Li H.","contributorId":10880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl","contributorId":89846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Collins, Brian D.","contributorId":71641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Guza, Robert T.","contributorId":74095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guza","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Adams, Peter N.","contributorId":64361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Thomas, Julie","contributorId":107007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":97584,"text":"ds435 - 2009 - Global Positioning System surveys of storm-surge sensors deployed during Hurricane Ike, Seadrift, Texas, to Lake Charles, Louisiana, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-18T17:51:04.341594","indexId":"ds435","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"435","title":"Global Positioning System surveys of storm-surge sensors deployed during Hurricane Ike, Seadrift, Texas, to Lake Charles, Louisiana, 2008","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey installed a network of pressure sensors at 65 sites along the Gulf Coast from Seadrift, Texas, northeast to Lake Charles, Louisiana, to record the timing, areal extent, and magnitude of inland storm surge and coastal flooding caused by Hurricane Ike in September 2008. A Global Positioning System was used to obtain elevations of reference marks near each sensor. A combination of real-time kinematic (RTK) and static Global Positioning System surveys were done to obtain elevations of reference marks. Leveling relative to reference marks was done to obtain elevations of sensor orifices above the reference marks. This report summarizes the Global Positioning System data collected and processed to obtain reference mark and storm-sensor-orifice elevations for 59 storm-surge sensors recovered from the original 65 installed as a necessary prelude to computation of storm-surge elevations. National Geodetic Survey benchmarks were used for RTK surveying. Where National Geodetic Survey benchmarks were not within 12 kilometers of a sensor site, static surveying was done. Additional control points for static surveying were in the form of newly established benchmarks or reestablished existing benchmarks. RTK surveying was used to obtain positions and elevations of reference marks for 29 sensor sites. Static surveying was used to obtain positions and elevations of reference marks for 34 sensor sites; four sites were surveyed using both methods. Multiple quality checks on the RTK-survey and static-survey data were applied. The results of all quality checks indicate that the desired elevation accuracy for the surveys of this report, less than 0.1-meter error, was achieved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds435","usgsCitation":"Payne, J., Woodward, B.K., and Storm, J.B., 2009, Global Positioning System surveys of storm-surge sensors deployed during Hurricane Ike, Seadrift, Texas, to Lake Charles, Louisiana, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 435, Report: iv, 17 p., Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds435.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 17 p., Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-09-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds435.gif"},{"id":405312,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86717.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12727,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/435/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97,27 ], [ -97,31 ], [ -92,31 ], [ -92,27 ], [ -97,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674bb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, Jason  0000-0003-4294-7924 jdpayne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-7924","contributorId":1062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Jason ","email":"jdpayne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodward, Brenda K.","contributorId":106985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storm, John B. 0000-0002-5657-536X jbstorm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5657-536X","contributorId":3684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storm","given":"John","email":"jbstorm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97585,"text":"ofr20091100 - 2009 - High-Resolution Seismic-Reflection and Marine Magnetic Data Along the Hosgri Fault Zone, Central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"ofr20091100","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1100","title":"High-Resolution Seismic-Reflection and Marine Magnetic Data Along the Hosgri Fault Zone, Central California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected high-resolution shallow seismic-reflection and marine magnetic data in June 2008 in the offshore areas between the towns of Cayucos and Pismo Beach, Calif., from the nearshore (~6-m depth) to just west of the Hosgri Fault Zone (~200-m depth). These data are in support of the California State Waters Mapping Program and the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between the Pacific Gas & Electric Co. and the U.S. Geological Survey. \r\n\r\nSeismic-reflection and marine magnetic data were acquired aboard the R/V Parke Snavely, using a SIG 2Mille minisparker seismic source and a Geometrics G882 cesium-vapor marine magnetometer. More than 550 km of seismic and marine magnetic data was collected simultaneously along shore-perpendicular transects spaced 800 m apart, with an additional 220 km of marine magnetometer data collected across the Hosgri Fault Zone, resulting in spacing locally as smallas 400 m. \r\n\r\nThis report includes maps of the seismic-survey sections, linked to Google Earth software, and digital data files showing images of each transect in SEG-Y, JPEG, and TIFF formats, as well as preliminary gridded marine-magnetic-anomaly and residual-magnetic-anomaly (shallow magnetic source) maps.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091100","collaboration":"2009, revised 2010","usgsCitation":"Sliter, R.W., Triezenberg, P., Hart, P.E., Watt, J.T., Johnson, S.Y., and Scheirer, D., 2009, High-Resolution Seismic-Reflection and Marine Magnetic Data Along the Hosgri Fault Zone, Central California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1100, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091100.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-06-10","temporalEnd":"2008-06-26","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12729,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1100/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.08333333333333,35 ], [ -121.08333333333333,35.5 ], [ -120.58333333333333,35.5 ], [ -120.58333333333333,35 ], [ -121.08333333333333,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Triezenberg, Peter J.","contributorId":32625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triezenberg","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watt, Janet T. 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":8564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scheirer, Daniel S. dscheirer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheirer","given":"Daniel S.","email":"dscheirer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70198248,"text":"70198248 - 2009 - New and revised 14C dates for Hawaiian surface lava flows: Paleomagnetic and geomagnetic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T08:54:22","indexId":"70198248","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"subseriesTitle":"Solid Earth","title":"New and revised 14C dates for Hawaiian surface lava flows: Paleomagnetic and geomagnetic implications","docAbstract":"<p><span>Radiocarbon dates have been obtained for 30 charcoal samples corresponding to 27 surface lava flows from the Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes on the Island of Hawaii. The submitted charcoal was a mixture of fresh and archived material. Preparation and analysis was undertaken at the NERC Radiocarbon Laboratory in Glasgow, Scotland, and the associated SUERC Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility. The resulting dates range from 390 years B.P. to 12,910 years B.P. with corresponding error bars an order of magnitude smaller than previously obtained using the gas‐counting method. The new and revised&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C data set can aid hazard and risk assessment on the island. The data presented here also have implications for geomagnetic modelling, which at present is limited by large dating errors.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2009GL037792","usgsCitation":"Pressling, N., Trusdell, F., and Gubbins, D., 2009, New and revised 14C dates for Hawaiian surface lava flows: Paleomagnetic and geomagnetic implications: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 36, no. 11, L11306; 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL037792.","productDescription":"L11306; 5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl037792","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":355905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.51123046874997,\n              18.760712758499565\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.566650390625,\n              18.760712758499565\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.566650390625,\n              20.416716988945712\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.51123046874997,\n              20.416716988945712\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.51123046874997,\n              18.760712758499565\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b9d4e4b0702d0e84523c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pressling, Nicola","contributorId":43963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pressling","given":"Nicola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trusdell, Frank A. 0000-0002-0681-0528 trusdell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-0528","contributorId":754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"Frank A.","email":"trusdell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gubbins, David","contributorId":72998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gubbins","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5211456,"text":"5211456 - 2009 - Exploring extensions to multi-state models with multiple unobservable states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5211456","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"3","title":"Exploring extensions to multi-state models with multiple unobservable states","docAbstract":"Many biological systems include a portion of the target population that is unobservable during certain life history stages.  Transition to and from an unobservable state may be of primary interest in many ecological studies and such movements are easily incorporated into multi-state models.  Several authors have investigated properties of open-population multi-state mark-recapture models with unobservable states, and determined the scope and constraints under which parameters are identifiable (or, conversely, are redundant), but only in the context of a single observable and a single unobservable state (Schmidt et al. 2002; Kendall and Nichols 2002; Schaub et al. 2004; Kendall 2004).  Some of these constraints can be relaxed if data are collected under a version of the robust design (Kendall and Bjorkland 2001; Kendall and Nichols 2002; Kendall 2004; Bailey et al. 2004), which entails >1 capture period per primary period of interest (e.g., 2 sampling periods within a breeding season).  The critical assumption shared by all versions of the robust design is that the state of the individual (e.g. observable or unobservable) remains static for the duration of the primary period (Kendall 2004).  In this paper, we extend previous work by relaxing this assumption to allow movement among observable states within primary periods while maintaining static observable or unobservable states.  Stated otherwise, both demographic and geographic closure assumptions are relaxed, but all individuals are either observable or unobservable within primary periods.  Within these primary periods transitions are possible among multiple observable states, but transitions are not allowed among the corresponding unobservable states.  Our motivation for this work is exploring potential differences in population parameters for pond-breeding amphibians, where the quality of habitat surrounding the pond is not spatially uniform.  The scenario is an example of a more general case where individuals move between habitats both during the breeding season (within primary periods; transitions among observable states only) and during the non-breeding season (between primary periods; transitions between observable and unobservable states).  Presumably, habitat quality affects demographic parameters (e.g. survival and breeding probabilities).  Using this model we are able to test this prediction for amphibians and determine if individuals move to more favorable habitats to increase survival and breeding probabilities.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling demographic processes in marked populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York and London","collaboration":"Proceedings of the 2007 EURING Technical Meeting and Workshop held January 14-20, 2007 in Dunedin, New Zealand.  OCLC: 213382236  PDF on file: 7056_Bailey.pdf","usgsCitation":"Bailey, L., Kendall, W., and Church, D., 2009, Exploring extensions to multi-state models with multiple unobservable states, chap. <i>of</i> Modeling demographic processes in marked populations, p. 693-709.","productDescription":"xxiv, 1136","startPage":"693","endPage":"709","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbee4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thomson, David L.","contributorId":114050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508167,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooch, Evan G.","contributorId":100673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508166,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, Michael J.","contributorId":20871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conroy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":508165,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, L.L. 0000-0002-5959-2018","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-2018","contributorId":61006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":331110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Church, D.R.","contributorId":51884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5211457,"text":"5211457 - 2009 - A traditional and a less-invasive robust design: choices in optimizing effort allocation for seabird population studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T13:57:00","indexId":"5211457","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A traditional and a less-invasive robust design: choices in optimizing effort allocation for seabird population studies","docAbstract":"<p>For many animal populations, one or more life stages are not accessible to sampling, and therefore an unobservable state is created. For colonially-breeding populations, this unobservable state could represent the subset of adult breeders that have foregone breeding in a given year. This situation applies to many seabird populations, notably albatrosses, where skipped breeders are either absent from the colony, or are present but difficult to capture or correctly assign to breeding state. Kendall et al. have proposed design strategies for investigations of seabird demography where such temporary emigration occurs, suggesting the use of the robust design to permit the estimation of time-dependent parameters and to increase the precision of estimates from multi-state models. A traditional robust design, where animals are subject to capture multiple times in a sampling season, is feasible in many cases. However, due to concerns that multiple captures per season could cause undue disturbance to animals, Kendall et al. developed a less-invasive robust design (LIRD), where initial captures are followed by an assessment of the ratio of marked-to-unmarked birds in the population or sampled plot. This approach has recently been applied in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands to populations of Laysan (Phoebastria immutabilis) and black-footed (P. nigripes) albatrosses. In this paper, we outline the LIRD and its application to seabird population studies. We then describe an approach to determining optimal allocation of sampling effort in which we consider a non-robust design option (nRD), and variations of both the traditional robust design (RD), and the LIRD. Variations we considered included the number of secondary sampling occasions for the RD and the amount of total effort allocated to the marked-to-unmarked ratio assessment for the LIRD. We used simulations, informed by early data from the Hawaiian study, to address optimal study design for our example cases. We found that the LIRD performed as well or nearly as well as certain variations of the RD in terms of root mean square error, especially when relatively little of the total effort was allocated to the assessment of the marked-to-unmarked ratio versus to initial captures. For the RD, we found no clear benefit of using 2, 4, or 6 secondary sampling occasions per year, though this result will depend on the relative effort costs of captures versus recaptures and on the length of the study. We also found that field-readable bands, which may be affixed to birds in addition to standard metal bands, will be beneficial in longer-term studies of albatrosses in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Field-readable bands reduce the effort cost of recapturing individuals, and in the long-term this cost reduction can offset the additional effort expended in affixing the bands. Finally, our approach to determining optimal study design can be generally applied by researchers, with little seed data, to design their studies at the outset.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling demographic processes in marked populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Converse, S.J., Kendall, W., Doherty, P., Naughton, M., and Hines, J., 2009, A traditional and a less-invasive robust design: choices in optimizing effort allocation for seabird population studies, chap. <i>of</i> Modeling demographic processes in marked populations, p. 727-744.","productDescription":"xxiv, 1131 p.","startPage":"727","endPage":"744","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a556c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thomson, David L.","contributorId":114050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508170,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooch, Evan G.","contributorId":100673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508169,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, Michael J.","contributorId":20871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conroy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":508168,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Converse, S. J.","contributorId":43475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":331113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, P.F. Jr.","contributorId":74096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"P.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naughton, M.B.","contributorId":104194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naughton","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":331114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5211453,"text":"5211453 - 2009 - A generalized mixed effects model of abundance for mark-resight data when sampling is without replacement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5211453","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"3","title":"A generalized mixed effects model of abundance for mark-resight data when sampling is without replacement","docAbstract":"In recent years, the mark-resight method for estimating abundance when the number of marked individuals is known has become increasingly popular.  By using field-readable bands that may be resighted from a distance, these techniques can be applied to many species, and are particularly useful for relatively small, closed populations.  However, due to the different assumptions and general rigidity of the available estimators, researchers must often commit to a particular model without rigorous quantitative justification for model selection based on the data.  Here we introduce a nonlinear logit-normal mixed effects model addressing this need for a more generalized framework.  Similar to models available for mark-recapture studies, the estimator allows a wide variety of sampling conditions to be parameterized efficiently under a robust sampling design.  Resighting rates may be modeled simply or with more complexity by including fixed temporal and random individual heterogeneity effects.  Using information theory, the model(s) best supported by the data may be selected from the candidate models proposed.  Under this generalized framework, we hope the uncertainty associated with mark-resight model selection will be reduced substantially.  We compare our model to other mark-resight abundance estimators when applied to mainland New Zealand robin (Petroica australis) data recently collected in Eglinton Valley, Fiordland National Park and summarize its performance in simulation experiments. ","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling demographic processes in marked populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York and London","collaboration":"Proceedings of the 2007 EURING Technical Meeting and Workshop held January 14-20, 2007 in Dunedin, New Zealand.  OCLC: 213382236  PDF on file: 7052_McClintock.pdf","usgsCitation":"McClintock, B., White, G.C., Burnham, K., and Pryde, M., 2009, A generalized mixed effects model of abundance for mark-resight data when sampling is without replacement, chap. <i>of</i> Modeling demographic processes in marked populations, p. 271-289.","productDescription":"xxiv, 1136","startPage":"271","endPage":"289","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea2f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thomson, David L.","contributorId":114050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508158,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooch, Evan G.","contributorId":100673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508157,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, Michael J.","contributorId":20871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conroy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":508156,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"McClintock, B.T.","contributorId":29108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClintock","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pryde, M.A.","contributorId":47894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pryde","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5211455,"text":"5211455 - 2009 - Inference about species richness and community structure using species-specific occupancy models in the National Swiss Breeding Bird Survey MUB","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5211455","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"3","title":"Inference about species richness and community structure using species-specific occupancy models in the National Swiss Breeding Bird Survey MUB","docAbstract":"Species richness is the most widely used biodiversity measure.  Virtually always, it cannot be observed but needs to be estimated because some species may be present but remain undetected.  This fact is commonly ignored in ecology and management, although it will bias estimates of species richness and related parameters such as occupancy, turnover or extinction rates.  We describe a species community modeling strategy based on species-specific models of occurrence, from which estimates of important summaries of community structure, e.g., species richness, occupancy, or measures of similarity among species or sites, are derived by aggregating indicators of occurrence for all species observed in the sample, and for the estimated complement of unobserved species.  We use data augmentation for an efficient Bayesian approach to estimation and prediction under this model based on MCMC in WinBUGS.  For illustration, we use the Swiss breeding bird survey (MHB) that conducts 2?3 territory-mapping surveys in a systematic sample of 267 1 km2 units on quadrat-specific routes averaging 5.1 km to obtain species-specific estimates of occupancy, and estimates of species richness of all diurnal species free of distorting effects of imperfect detectability.  We introduce into our model species-specific covariates relevant to occupancy (elevation, forest cover, route length) and sampling (season, effort).  From 1995 to 2004, 185 diurnal breeding bird species were known in Switzerland, and an additional 13 bred 1?3 times since 1900.  134 species were observed during MHB surveys in 254 quadrats surveyed in 2001, and our estimate of 169.9 (95% CI 151?195) therefore appeared sensible.  The observed number of species ranged from 4 to 58 (mean 32.8), but with an estimated 0.7?11.2 (mean 2.6) further, unobserved species, the estimated proportion of detected species was 0.48?0.98 (mean 0.91).  As is well known, species richness declined at higher elevation and fell above the timberline, and most species showed some preferred elevation.  Route length had clear effects on occupancy, suggesting it is a proxy for the size of the effectively sampled area.  Detection probability of most species showed clear seasonal patterns and increased with greater survey effort; these are important results for the planning of focused surveys.  The main benefit of our model, and its implementation in WinBUGS for which we provide code, is its conceptual simplicity.  Species richness is naturally expressed as the sum of occurrences of individual species.  Information about species is combined across sites, which yields greater efficiency or may even enable estimation for sites with very few observed species in the first place.  At the same time, species detections are clearly segregated into a true state process (occupancy) and an observation process (detection, given occupancy), and covariates can be readily introduced, which provides for efficient introduction of such additional information as well as sharp testing of such relationships. ","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling demographic processes in marked populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York and London","collaboration":"Proceedings of the 2007 EURING Technical Meeting and Workshop held January 14-20, 2007 in Dunedin, New Zealand.  OCLC: 213382236  PDF on file: 7055_Kery.pdf","usgsCitation":"Kery, M., and Royle, J., 2009, Inference about species richness and community structure using species-specific occupancy models in the National Swiss Breeding Bird Survey MUB, chap. <i>of</i> Modeling demographic processes in marked populations, p. 639-656.","productDescription":"xxiv, 1136","startPage":"639","endPage":"656","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee81a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thomson, David L.","contributorId":114050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508164,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooch, Evan G.","contributorId":100673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508163,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, Michael J.","contributorId":20871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conroy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":508162,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5211458,"text":"5211458 - 2009 - One size does not fit all: Adapting mark-recapture and occupancy models for state uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:26","indexId":"5211458","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"3","title":"One size does not fit all: Adapting mark-recapture and occupancy models for state uncertainty","docAbstract":"Multistate capture?recapture models continue to be employed with greater frequency to test hypotheses about metapopulation dynamics and life history, and more recently disease dynamics.  In recent years efforts have begun to adjust these models for cases where there is uncertainty about an animal?s state upon capture.  These efforts can be categorized into models that permit misclassification between two states to occur in either direction or one direction, where state is certain for a subset of individuals or is always uncertain, and where estimation is based on one sampling occasion per period of interest or multiple sampling occasions per period.  State uncertainty also arises in modeling patch occupancy dynamics.  I consider several case studies involving bird and marine mammal studies that illustrate how misclassified states can arise, and outline model structures for properly utilizing the data that are produced.  In each case misclassification occurs in only one direction (thus there is a subset of individuals or patches where state is known with certainty), and there are multiple sampling occasions per period of interest.  For the cases involving capture?recapture data I allude to a general model structure that could include each example as a special case.  However, this collection of cases also illustrates how difficult it is to develop a model structure that can be directly useful for answering every ecological question of interest and account for every type of data from the field.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling demographic processes in marked populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York and London","collaboration":"Proceedings of the 2007 EURING Technical Meeting and Workshop held January 14-20, 2007 in Dunedin, New Zealand.  OCLC: 213382236  PDF on file: 7058_Kendall.pdf","usgsCitation":"Kendall, W., 2009, One size does not fit all: Adapting mark-recapture and occupancy models for state uncertainty, chap. <i>of</i> Modeling demographic processes in marked populations, p. 765-780.","productDescription":"xxiv, 1136","startPage":"765","endPage":"780","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691a10","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thomson, David L.","contributorId":114050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508173,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooch, Evan G.","contributorId":100673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508172,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, Michael J.","contributorId":20871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conroy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":508171,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":331118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5211448,"text":"5211448 - 2009 - Filling a void: abundance estimation of North American populations of arctic geese using hunter recoveries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5211448","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"3","title":"Filling a void: abundance estimation of North American populations of arctic geese using hunter recoveries","docAbstract":"We consider use of recoveries of marked birds harvested by hunters, in conjunction with continental harvest estimates, for drawing inferences about continental abundance of a select number of goose species.  We review assumptions of this method, a version of the Lincoln?Petersen approach, and consider its utility as a tool for making decisions about harvest management in comparison to current sources of information.  Finally, we compare such estimates with existing count data, photographic estimates, or other abundance estimates.  In most cases, Lincoln estimates are far higher than abundances assumed or perhaps accepted by many waterfowl biologists and managers.  Nevertheless, depending on the geographic scope of inference, we suggest that this approach for abundance estimation of arctic geese may have usefulness for retrospective purposes or to assist with harvest management decisions for some species.  Lincoln?s estimates may be as close or closer to truth than count, index, or photo data, and can be used with marking efforts currently in place for estimation of survival and harvest rates.  Although there are bias issues associated with estimates of both harvest and harvest rate, some of the latter can be addressed with proper allocation of marks to spatially structured populations if subpopulations show heterogeneity in harvest rates.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling demographic processes in marked populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York and London","collaboration":"Proceedings of the 2007 EURING Technical Meeting and Workshop held January 14-20, 2007 in Dunedin, New Zealand.  OCLC: 213382236   Section V, Wildlife and Conservation Management   PDF on file: 7053_Alisauskas.pdf","usgsCitation":"Alisauskas, R., Drake, K., and Nichols, J., 2009, Filling a void: abundance estimation of North American populations of arctic geese using hunter recoveries, chap. <i>of</i> Modeling demographic processes in marked populations, p. 463-489.","productDescription":"xxiv, 1136","startPage":"463","endPage":"489","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4894","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thomson, David L.","contributorId":114050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508144,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooch, Evan G.","contributorId":100673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508143,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, Michael J.","contributorId":20871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conroy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":508142,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Alisauskas, R.T.","contributorId":89645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alisauskas","given":"R.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, K.L.","contributorId":10005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5211446,"text":"5211446 - 2009 - Inferences about landbird abundance from count data: recent advances and future directions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:28","indexId":"5211446","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"3","title":"Inferences about landbird abundance from count data: recent advances and future directions","docAbstract":"We summarize results of a November 2006 workshop dealing with recent research on the estimation of landbird abundance from count data.  Our conceptual framework includes a decomposition of the probability of detecting a bird potentially exposed to sampling efforts into four separate probabilities.  Primary inference methods are described and include distance sampling, multiple observers, time of detection, and repeated counts.  The detection parameters estimated by these different approaches differ, leading to different interpretations of resulting estimates of density and abundance.  Simultaneous use of combinations of these different inference approaches can not only lead to increased precision but also provides the ability to decompose components of the detection process.  Recent efforts to test the efficacy of these different approaches using natural systems and a new bird radio test system provide sobering conclusions about the ability of observers to detect and localize birds in auditory surveys.  Recent research is reported on efforts to deal with such potential sources of error as bird misclassification, measurement error, and density gradients.  Methods for inference about spatial and temporal variation in avian abundance are outlined.  Discussion topics include opinions about the need to estimate detection probability when drawing inference about avian abundance, methodological recommendations based on the current state of knowledge and suggestions for future research.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling demographic processes in marked populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York and London","collaboration":"Proceedings of the 2007 EURING Technical Meeting and Workshop held January 14-20, 2007 in Dunedin, New Zealand.  OCLC: 213382236  PDF on file: 7051_Nichols.pdf","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Thomas, L., and Conn, P., 2009, Inferences about landbird abundance from count data: recent advances and future directions, chap. <i>of</i> Modeling demographic processes in marked populations, p. 201-235.","productDescription":"xxiv, 1136","startPage":"201","endPage":"235","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db6720f8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thomson, David L.","contributorId":114050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508138,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooch, Evan G.","contributorId":100673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508137,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, Michael J.","contributorId":20871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conroy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":508136,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, L.","contributorId":37678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conn, P.B.","contributorId":73974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97573,"text":"gip87 - 2009 - Sea Floor off San Diego, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"gip87","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87","title":"Sea Floor off San Diego, California","docAbstract":"Ocean-floor image generated from multibeam-bathymetry data acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; California State University, Monterey Bay; and Fugro Pelagos. To learn more, visit http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2959/.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gip87","usgsCitation":"Dartnell, P., and Gibbons, H., 2009, Sea Floor off San Diego, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 87, Postcard: 2 sided, https://doi.org/10.3133/gip87.","productDescription":"Postcard: 2 sided","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_87.jpg"},{"id":12716,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/87/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc6a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbons, Helen hgibbons@usgs.gov","contributorId":912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"Helen","email":"hgibbons@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97576,"text":"ofr20091105 - 2009 - Klamath River Water Quality Data from Link River Dam to Keno Dam, Oregon, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"ofr20091105","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1105","title":"Klamath River Water Quality Data from Link River Dam to Keno Dam, Oregon, 2008","docAbstract":"This report documents sampling and analytical methods and presents field data from a second year of an ongoing study on the Klamath River from Link River Dam to Keno Dam in south central Oregon; this dataset will form the basis of a hydrodynamic and water quality model. Water quality was sampled weekly at six mainstem and two tributary sites from early April through early November, 2008. Constituents reported herein include field-measured water-column parameters (water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, specific conductance); total nitrogen and phosphorus; particulate carbon and nitrogen; total iron; filtered orthophosphate, nitrite, nitrite plus nitrate, ammonia, organic carbon, and iron; specific UV absorbance at 254 nanometers; chlorophyll a; phytoplankton and zooplankton enumeration and species identification; and bacterial abundance and morphological subgroups. Sampling program results indicated:\r\n\r\n*Most nutrient and carbon concentrations were lowest in spring, increased starting in mid-June, remained elevated in the summer, and decreased in fall. Dissolved nitrite plus nitrate had a different seasonal cycle and was below detection or at low concentration in summer. \r\n*Although total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations did not show large differences from upstream to downstream, filtered ammonia and orthophosphate concentrations increased in the downstream direction and particulate carbon and particulate nitrogen generally decreased in the downstream direction. \r\n*Large bacterial cells made up most of the bacteria biovolume, though cocci were the most numerous bacteria type. Cocci, with diameters of 0.1 to 0.2 micrometers, were smaller than the filter pore sizes used to separate dissolved from particulate matter. \r\n*Phytoplankton biovolumes were dominated by diatoms in spring and by the blue-green alga Aphanizomenon flos-aquae after mid-June. Another blue-green, Anabaena flos-aquae, was noted in samples from late May to late June. Phytoplankton biovolumes generally were highest at the upstream Link River and Railroad Bridge sites and decreased in the downstream direction. \r\n*Zooplankton densities were largest in late April. Populations were dominated by rotifers and copepods in early spring, and by rotifers and cladocerans in summer, with cladocerans most common at the most upstream site.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091105","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, A.B., Deas, M., Asbill, J., Kirshtein, J.D., Butler, K.D., and Vaughn, J., 2009, Klamath River Water Quality Data from Link River Dam to Keno Dam, Oregon, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1105, Report: vi, 25 p.; Appendixes (Zip), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091105.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 25 p.; Appendixes (Zip)","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-04-01","temporalEnd":"2008-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12719,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1105/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122,42 ], [ -122,42.333333333333336 ], [ -121.66666666666667,42.333333333333336 ], [ -121.66666666666667,42 ], [ -122,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b47c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Annett B. 0000-0001-7783-3906 annett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-3906","contributorId":56317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Annett","email":"annett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deas, Michael L.","contributorId":98830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deas","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asbill, Jessica","contributorId":79575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asbill","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirshtein, Julie D.","contributorId":26033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshtein","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. kebutler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vaughn, Jennifer","contributorId":33009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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