The small‐strain mechanical properties (e.g., seismic velocities) of hydrate‐bearing sediments measured under laboratory conditions provide reference values for calibration of logging and seismic exploration results acquired in hydrate‐bearing formations. Instrumented cells were designed for measuring the compressional (P) and shear (S) velocities of sand, silts, and clay with and without hydrate and subject to vertical effective stresses of 0.01 to 2 MPa. Tetrahydrofuran (THF), which is fully miscible in water, was used as the hydrate former to permit close control over the hydrate saturation Shyd and to produce hydrate from dissolved phase, as methane hydrate forms in most natural marine settings. The results demonstrate that laboratory hydrate formation technique controls the pattern of P and S velocity changes with increasing Shyd and that the small‐strain properties of hydrate‐bearing sediments are governed by effective stress, σ′v and sediment specific surface. The S velocity increases with hydrate saturation owing to an increase in skeletal shear stiffness, particularly when hydrate saturation exceeds Shyd≈ 0.4. At very high hydrate saturations, the small strain shear stiffness is determined by the presence of hydrates and becomes insensitive to changes in effective stress. The P velocity increases with hydrate saturation due to the increases in both the shear modulus of the skeleton and the bulk modulus of pore‐filling phases during fluid‐to‐hydrate conversion. Small‐strain Poisson's ratio varies from 0.5 in soft sediments lacking hydrates to 0.25 in stiff sediments (i.e., subject to high vertical effective stress or having high Shyd). At Shyd ≥ 0.5, hydrate hinders expansion and the loss of sediment stiffness during reduction of vertical effective stress, meaning that hydrate‐rich natural sediments obtained through pressure coring should retain their in situ fabric for some time after core retrieval if the cores are maintained within the hydrate stability field.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009JB006670","usgsCitation":"Lee, J., Francisca, F., Santamarina, J., and Ruppel, C., 2010, Parametric study of the physical properties of hydrate‐bearing sand, silt, and clay sediments: 2. Small‐strain mechanical properties: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 115, B11105, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006670.","productDescription":"B11105, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jb006670","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68931f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J.Y.","contributorId":20061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Francisca, F.M.","contributorId":106253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francisca","given":"F.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santamarina, J.C.","contributorId":50283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santamarina","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruppel, C.","contributorId":82050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003524,"text":"70003524 - 2010 - Pathways for arsenic from sediments to groundwater to streams: Biogeochemical processes in the Inner Coastal Plain, New Jersey, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-11T18:02:42.280467","indexId":"70003524","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathways for arsenic from sediments to groundwater to streams: Biogeochemical processes in the Inner Coastal Plain, New Jersey, USA","docAbstract":"The Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments that underlie the Inner Coastal Plain of New Jersey contain the arsenic-rich mineral glauconite. Streambed sediments in two Inner Coastal Plain streams (Crosswicks and Raccoon Creeks) that traverse these glauconitic deposits are enriched in arsenic (15–25 mg/kg), and groundwater discharging to the streams contains elevated levels of arsenic (>80 μg/L at a site on Crosswicks Creek) with arsenite generally the dominant species. Low dissolved oxygen, low or undetectable levels of nitrate and sulfate, detectable sulfide concentrations, and high concentrations of iron and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the groundwater indicate that reducing environments are present beneath the streambeds and that microbial activity, fueled by the DOC, is involved in releasing arsenic and iron from the geologic materials. In groundwater with the highest arsenic concentrations at Crosswicks Creek, arsenic respiratory reductase gene (arrA) indicated the presence of arsenic-reducing microbes. From extracted DNA, 16s rRNA gene sequences indicate the microbial community may include arsenic-reducing bacteria that have not yet been described. Once in the stream, iron is oxidized and precipitates as hydroxide coatings on the sediments. Arsenite also is oxidized and co-precipitates with or is sorbed to the iron hydroxides. Consequently, dissolved arsenic concentrations are lower in streamwater than in the groundwater, but the arsenic contributed by groundwater becomes part of the arsenic load in the stream when sediments are suspended during high flow. A strong positive relation between concentrations of arsenic and DOC in the groundwater samples indicates that any process—natural or anthropogenic—that increases the organic carbon concentration in the groundwater could stimulate microbial activity and thus increase the amount of arsenic that is released from the geologic materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.047","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., Mumford, A., Young, L.Y., Reilly, P.A., Bonin, J., and Rosman, R., 2010, Pathways for arsenic from sediments to groundwater to streams: Biogeochemical processes in the Inner Coastal Plain, New Jersey, USA: Water Research, v. 44, no. 19, p. 5532-5544, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.047.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"5532","endPage":"5544","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Crosswicks Creek, Inner Coastal Plain, Raccoon Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.86358642578125,\n 40.136890695345905\n ],\n [\n -74.62188720703125,\n 40.136890695345905\n ],\n [\n -74.62188720703125,\n 40.32351403031129\n ],\n [\n -74.86358642578125,\n 40.32351403031129\n ],\n [\n -74.86358642578125,\n 40.136890695345905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.3936767578125,\n 39.51887357127223\n ],\n [\n -75.01739501953125,\n 39.51887357127223\n ],\n [\n -75.01739501953125,\n 39.774769485295465\n ],\n [\n -75.3936767578125,\n 39.774769485295465\n ],\n [\n -75.3936767578125,\n 39.51887357127223\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae97f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia L.","contributorId":59419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mumford, Adam","contributorId":76457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mumford","given":"Adam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Lily Y.","contributorId":19697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Lily","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reilly, Pamela A. 0000-0002-2937-4490 jankowsk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-4490","contributorId":653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Pamela","email":"jankowsk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonin, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-7631-9734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-9734","contributorId":59404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonin","given":"Jennifer L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosman, Robert 0000-0001-5042-1872 rrosman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5042-1872","contributorId":2846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosman","given":"Robert","email":"rrosman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70005463,"text":"70005463 - 2010 - Changes of freshwater-lens thickness in basaltic island aquifers overlain by thick coastal sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T19:31:31.370574","indexId":"70005463","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes of freshwater-lens thickness in basaltic island aquifers overlain by thick coastal sediments","docAbstract":"Freshwater-lens thickness and long-term changes in freshwater volume in coastal aquifers are commonly assessed through repeated measurement of salinity profiles from monitor wells that penetrate into underlying salt water. In Hawaii, the thickest measured freshwater lens is currently 262 m in dike-free, volcanic-rock aquifers that are overlain by thick coastal sediments. The midpoint depth (depth where salinity is 50% salt water) between freshwater and salt water can serve as an indicator for freshwater thickness. Most measured midpoints have risen over the past 40 years, indicating a shrinking lens. The mean rate of rise of the midpoint from 1999–2009 varied locally, with faster rates in highly developed areas (1.0 m/year) and slower rates in less developed areas (0.5 m/year). The thinning of the freshwater lenses is the result of long-term groundwater withdrawal and reduced recharge. Freshwater/salt-water interface locations predicted from measured water levels and the Ghyben-Herzberg principle may be deeper than measured midpoints during some periods and shallower during other periods, although depths may differ up to 100 m in some cases. Moreover, changes in the midpoint are slower than changes in water level. Thus, water levels may not be a reliable indicator of the amount of freshwater in a coastal aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-010-0602-4","usgsCitation":"Rotzoll, K., Oki, D.S., and El-Kadi, A.I., 2010, Changes of freshwater-lens thickness in basaltic island aquifers overlain by thick coastal sediments: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 18, no. 6, p. 1425-1436, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0602-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1425","endPage":"1436","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94222,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/5l464400tu175261/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -158.16666666666666,21.25 ], [ -158.16666666666666,21.733333333333334 ], [ -157.66666666666666,21.733333333333334 ], [ -157.66666666666666,21.25 ], [ -158.16666666666666,21.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e67aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rotzoll, Kolja 0000-0002-5910-888X kolja@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-888X","contributorId":3325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotzoll","given":"Kolja","email":"kolja@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oki, Delwyn S. 0000-0002-6913-8804 dsoki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-8804","contributorId":1901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"Delwyn","email":"dsoki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"El-Kadi, Aly I.","contributorId":41702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El-Kadi","given":"Aly","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003446,"text":"70003446 - 2010 - Parametric study of the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sand, silt, and clay sediments: 1. Electromagnetic properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-01T14:40:17.477806","indexId":"70003446","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parametric study of the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sand, silt, and clay sediments: 1. Electromagnetic properties","docAbstract":"The marked decrease in bulk electrical conductivity of sediments in the presence of gas hydrates has been used to interpret borehole electrical resistivity logs and, to a lesser extent, the results of controlled source electromagnetic surveys to constrain the spatial distribution and predicted concentration of gas hydrate in natural settings. Until now, an exhaustive laboratory data set that could be used to assess the impact of gas hydrate on the electromagnetic properties of different soils (sand, silt, and clay) at different effective stress and with different saturations of hydrate has been lacking. The laboratory results reported here are obtained using a standard geotechnical cell and the hydrate-formed tetrahydrofuran (THF), a liquid that is fully miscible in water and able to produce closely controlled saturations of hydrate from dissolved phase. Both permittivity and electrical conductivity are good indicators of the volume fraction of free water in the sediment, which is in turn dependent on hydrate saturation. Permittivity in the microwave frequency range is particularly predictive of free water content since it is barely affected by ionic concentration, pore structure, and surface conduction. Electrical conductivity (or resistivity) is less reliable for constraining water content or hydrate saturation: In addition to fluid-filled porosity, other factors, such as the ionic concentration of the pore fluid and possibly other conduction effects (e.g., surface conduction in high specific surface soils having low conductivity pore fluid), also influence electrical conductivity.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009JB006669","usgsCitation":"Lee, J., Santamarina, J., and Ruppel, C., 2010, Parametric study of the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sand, silt, and clay sediments: 1. Electromagnetic properties: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 115, B11104, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006669.","productDescription":"B11104, 9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jb006669","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689303","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J.Y.","contributorId":20061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santamarina, J.C.","contributorId":50283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santamarina","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruppel, C.","contributorId":82050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003418,"text":"70003418 - 2010 - Observed and predicted reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia exposed to chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:32:14","indexId":"70003418","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observed and predicted reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia exposed to chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate","docAbstract":"Chronic toxicities of Cl-, SO42-, and HCO3- to Ceriodaphnia dubia were evaluated in low- and moderate-hardness waters using a three-brood reproduction test method. Toxicity tests of anion mixtures were used to determine interaction effects and to produce models predicting C. dubia reproduction. Effluents diluted with low- and moderate-hardness waters were tested with animals acclimated to low- and moderate-hardness conditions to evaluate the models and to assess the effects of hardness and acclimation. Sulfate was significantly less toxic than Cl- and HCO3- in both types of water. Chloride and HCO3- toxicities were similar in low-hardness water, but HCO3- was the most toxic in moderate-hardness water. Low acute-to-chronic ratios indicate that toxicities of these anions will decrease quickly with dilution. Hardness significantly reduced Cl- and SO42- toxicity but had little effect on HCO3-. Chloride toxicity decreased with an increase in Na+ concentration, and CO3- toxicity may have been reduced by the dissolved organic carbon in effluent. Multivariate models using measured anion concentrations in effluents with low to moderate hardness levels provided fairly accurate predictions of reproduction. Determinations of toxicity for several effluents differed significantly depending on the hardness of the dilution water and the hardness of the water used to culture test animals. These results can be used to predict the contribution of elevated anion concentrations to the chronic toxicity of effluents; to identify effluents that are toxic due to contaminants other than Cl-, SO42-, and HCO3-; and to provide a basis for chemical substitutions in manufacturing processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/etc.29","usgsCitation":"Lasier, P.J., and Hardin, I.R., 2010, Observed and predicted reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia exposed to chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 29, no. 2, p. 347-358, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.29.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"358","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lasier, Peter J. 0000-0002-8961-0061 plasier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8961-0061","contributorId":3457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasier","given":"Peter","email":"plasier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardin, Ian R.","contributorId":14261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardin","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003764,"text":"70003764 - 2010 - Non-native salmonids affect amphibian occupancy at multiple spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"70003764","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-native salmonids affect amphibian occupancy at multiple spatial scales","docAbstract":"Aim The introduction of non-native species into aquatic environments has been linked with local extinctions and altered distributions of native species. We investigated the effect of non-native salmonids on the occupancy of two native amphibians, the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) and Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris), across three spatial scales: water bodies, small catchments and large catchments. Location Mountain lakes at ≥ 1500 m elevation were surveyed across the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Methods We surveyed 2267 water bodies for amphibian occupancy (based on evidence of reproduction) and fish presence between 1986 and 2002 and modelled the probability of amphibian occupancy at each spatial scale in relation to habitat availability and quality and fish presence. Results After accounting for habitat features, we estimated that A. macrodactylum was 2.3 times more likely to breed in fishless water bodies than in water bodies with fish. Ambystoma macrodactylum also was more likely to occupy small catchments where none of the water bodies contained fish than in catchments where at least one water body contained fish. However, the probability of salamander occupancy in small catchments was also influenced by habitat availability (i.e. the number of water bodies within a catchment) and suitability of remaining fishless water bodies. We found no relationship between fish presence and salamander occupancy at the large-catchment scale, probably because of increased habitat availability. In contrast to A. macrodactylum, we found no relationship between fish presence and R. luteiventris occupancy at any scale. Main conclusions Our results suggest that the negative effects of non-native salmonids can extend beyond the boundaries of individual water bodies and increase A. macrodactylum extinction risk at landscape scales. We suspect that niche overlap between non-native fish and A. macrodactylum at higher elevations in the northern Rocky Mountains may lead to extinction in catchments with limited suitable habitat.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","usgsCitation":"Pilliod, D., Hossack, B.R., Bahls, P.F., Bull, E.L., Corn, P., Hokit, G., Maxell, B.A., Munger, J.C., and Wyrick, A., 2010, Non-native salmonids affect amphibian occupancy at multiple spatial scales: Diversity and Distributions, v. 16, no. 6, p. 959-974.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"959","endPage":"974","temporalStart":"1986-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":485,"text":"Northwest Watershed Institute","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92208,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00699.x/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northern Rocky Mountains","volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db69712b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilliod, David S.","contributorId":101760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bahls, Peter F.","contributorId":74500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahls","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bull, Evelyn L.","contributorId":31104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bull","given":"Evelyn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hokit, Grant","contributorId":80402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hokit","given":"Grant","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Maxell, Bryce A.","contributorId":100113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxell","given":"Bryce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Munger, James C.","contributorId":29377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wyrick, Aimee","contributorId":102997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyrick","given":"Aimee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70005324,"text":"sir20105211 - 2010 - Approaches to highly parameterized inversion: A guide to using PEST for model-parameter and predictive-uncertainty analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20105211","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5211","title":"Approaches to highly parameterized inversion: A guide to using PEST for model-parameter and predictive-uncertainty analysis","docAbstract":"Analysis of the uncertainty associated with parameters used by a numerical model, and with predictions that depend on those parameters, is fundamental to the use of modeling in support of decisionmaking. Unfortunately, predictive uncertainty analysis with regard to models can be very computationally demanding, due in part to complex constraints on parameters that arise from expert knowledge of system properties on the one hand (knowledge constraints) and from the necessity for the model parameters to assume values that allow the model to reproduce historical system behavior on the other hand (calibration constraints). Enforcement of knowledge and calibration constraints on parameters used by a model does not eliminate the uncertainty in those parameters. In fact, in many cases, enforcement of calibration constraints simply reduces the uncertainties associated with a number of broad-scale combinations of model parameters that collectively describe spatially averaged system properties. The uncertainties associated with other combinations of parameters, especially those that pertain to small-scale parameter heterogeneity, may not be reduced through the calibration process. To the extent that a prediction depends on system-property detail, its postcalibration variability may be reduced very little, if at all, by applying calibration constraints; knowledge constraints remain the only limits on the variability of predictions that depend on such detail. Regrettably, in many common modeling applications, these constraints are weak. Though the PEST software suite was initially developed as a tool for model calibration, recent developments have focused on the evaluation of model-parameter and predictive uncertainty. As a complement to functionality that it provides for highly parameterized inversion (calibration) by means of formal mathematical regularization techniques, the PEST suite provides utilities for linear and nonlinear error-variance and uncertainty analysis in these highly parameterized modeling contexts. Availability of these utilities is particularly important because, in many cases, a significant proportion of the uncertainty associated with model parameters-and the predictions that depend on them-arises from differences between the complex properties of the real world and the simplified representation of those properties that is expressed by the calibrated model. This report is intended to guide intermediate to advanced modelers in the use of capabilities available with the PEST suite of programs for evaluating model predictive error and uncertainty. A brief theoretical background is presented on sources of parameter and predictive uncertainty and on the means for evaluating this uncertainty. Applications of PEST tools are then discussed for overdetermined and underdetermined problems, both linear and nonlinear. PEST tools for calculating contributions to model predictive uncertainty, as well as optimization of data acquisition for reducing parameter and predictive uncertainty, are presented. The appendixes list the relevant PEST variables, files, and utilities required for the analyses described in the document.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105211","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program, Global Change Research & Development","usgsCitation":"Doherty, J.E., Hunt, R.J., and Tonkin, M.J., 2010, Approaches to highly parameterized inversion: A guide to using PEST for model-parameter and predictive-uncertainty analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5211, v, 39 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105211.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5211.gif"},{"id":92098,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5211/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.85,42.95 ], [ -84.85,42.9675 ], [ -84.81694444444445,42.9675 ], [ -84.81694444444445,42.95 ], [ -84.85,42.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a344","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doherty, John E.","contributorId":8817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7046,"text":"Watermark Numerical Computing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":352295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tonkin, Matthew J.","contributorId":26376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonkin","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003832,"text":"70003832 - 2010 - Low genetic variation and evidence of limited dispersal in the regionally important Belize manatee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-08T16:34:06.439753","indexId":"70003832","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low genetic variation and evidence of limited dispersal in the regionally important Belize manatee","docAbstract":"The Antillean subspecies of the West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus is found throughout Central and South America and the Caribbean. Because of severe hunting pressure during the 17th through 19th centuries, only small populations of the once widespread aquatic mammal remain. Fortunately, protections in Belize reduced hunting in the 1930s and allowed the country's manatee population to become the largest breeding population in the Wider Caribbean. However, increasing and emerging anthropogenic threats such as coastal development, pollution, watercraft collision and net entanglement represent challenges to this ecologically important population. To inform conservation and management decisions, a comprehensive molecular investigation of the genetic diversity, relatedness and population structure of the Belize manatee population was conducted using mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA. Compared with other mammal populations, a low degree of genetic diversity was detected (HE=0.455; NA=3.4), corresponding to the small population size and long-term exploitation. Manatees from the Belize City Cayes and Southern Lagoon system were genetically different, with microsatellite and mitochondrial FST values of 0.029 and 0.078, respectively (P≤0.05). This, along with the distinct habitats and threats, indicates that separate protection of these two groups would best preserve the region's diversity. The Belize population and Florida subspecies appear to be unrelated with microsatellite and mitochondrial FST values of 0.141 and 0.63, respectively (P≤0.001), supporting the subspecies designations and suggesting low vagility throughout the northern Caribbean habitat. Further monitoring and protection may allow an increase in the Belize manatee genetic diversity and population size. A large and expanding Belize population could potentially assist in the recovery of other threatened or functionally extinct Central American Antillean manatee populations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00383.x","usgsCitation":"Hunter, M., Auil-Gomez, N., Tucker, K., Bonde, R., Powell, J., and McGuire, P., 2010, Low genetic variation and evidence of limited dispersal in the regionally important Belize manatee: Animal Conservation, v. 13, no. 6, p. 592-602, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00383.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"592","endPage":"602","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Belize","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.4619140625,\n 18.458768120015126\n ],\n [\n -89.09912109375,\n 17.97873309555617\n ],\n [\n -89.2529296875,\n 15.876809064146757\n ],\n [\n -88.87939453125,\n 15.982453522973508\n ],\n [\n -88.1982421875,\n 16.88865978738161\n ],\n [\n -88.08837890625,\n 18.312810846425442\n ],\n [\n -88.4619140625,\n 18.458768120015126\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db644939","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, M.E.","contributorId":87672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auil-Gomez, N. E.","contributorId":94781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auil-Gomez","given":"N. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, K.P.","contributorId":98449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Powell, J.","contributorId":30952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGuire, P.M.","contributorId":80624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003784,"text":"70003784 - 2010 - Microbial degradation of plant leachate alters lignin phenols and trihalomethane precursors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:30:28","indexId":"70003784","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial degradation of plant leachate alters lignin phenols and trihalomethane precursors","docAbstract":"Although the importance of vascular plant-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in freshwater systems has been studied, the role of leached DOC as precursors of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during drinking water treatment is not well known. Here we measured the propensity of leachates from four crops and four aquatic macrophytes to form trihalomethanes (THMs)—a regulated class of DBPs—before and after 21 d of microbial degradation. We also measured lignin phenol content and specific UV absorbance (SUVA254) to test the assumption that aromatic compounds from vascular plants are resistant to microbial degradation and readily form DBPs. Leaching solubilized 9 to 26% of total plant carbon, which formed 1.93 to 6.72 mmol THM mol C-1 However, leachate DOC concentrations decreased by 85 to 92% over the 21-d incubation, with a concomitant decrease of 67 to 92% in total THM formation potential. Carbon-normalized THM yields in the residual DOC pool increased by 2.5 times on average, consistent with the preferential uptake of nonprecursor material. Lignin phenol concentrations decreased by 64 to 96% over 21 d, but a lack of correlation between lignin content and THM yields or SUVA254 suggested that lignin-derived compounds are not the source of increased THM precursor yields in the residual DOC pool. Our results indicate that microbial carbon utilization alters THM precursors in ecosystems with direct plant leaching, but more work is needed to identify the specific dissolved organic matter components with a greater propensity to form DBPs and affect watershed management, drinking water quality, and human health.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/jeq2009.0487","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B., Hernes, P.J., Saraceno, J., Spencer, R., and Bergamaschi, B., 2010, Microbial degradation of plant leachate alters lignin phenols and trihalomethane precursors: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 39, no. 3, p. 946-954, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2009.0487.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"946","endPage":"954","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62df4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A.","contributorId":58385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hernes, Peter J.","contributorId":85311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saraceno, John Franco 0000-0003-0064-1820","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-1820","contributorId":71686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saraceno","given":"John Franco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G.M.","contributorId":76061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":73241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003551,"text":"70003551 - 2010 - Long-term persistence of spent lead shot in tundra wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-13T18:19:56","indexId":"70003551","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term persistence of spent lead shot in tundra wetlands","docAbstract":"We seeded experimental plots with number 4 lead pellets and sampled these plots for 10 years to assess the settlement rate of pellets in tundra wetland types commonly used by foraging waterfowl. After 10 years, about 10% of pellets remained within 6 cm of the surface, but >50% remained within 10 cm. We predict that spent lead pellets will eventually become unavailable to waterfowl; however, it will likely require >25 years for all pellets to exceed depths at which waterfowl species may forage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2193/2008-494","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., and Schamber, J.L., 2010, Long-term persistence of spent lead shot in tundra wetlands: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 74, no. 1, p. 148-151, https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-494.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"148","endPage":"151","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"74","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63ef54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schamber, Jason L.","contributorId":72512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schamber","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003351,"text":"70003351 - 2010 - Formation of the Wiesloch Mississippi Valley-type Zn-Pb-Ag deposit in the extensional setting of the Upper Rhinegraben, SW Germany","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T22:34:25.545132","indexId":"70003351","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of the Wiesloch Mississippi Valley-type Zn-Pb-Ag deposit in the extensional setting of the Upper Rhinegraben, SW Germany","docAbstract":"The Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Zn–Pb–Ag deposit in the Wiesloch area, Southwest Germany, is controlled by graben-related faults of the Upper Rhinegraben. Mineralization occurs as vein fillings and irregular replacement ore bodies consisting of sphalerite, banded sphalerite, galena, pyrite, sulfosalts (jordanite and geocronite), barite, and calcite in the Middle Triassic carbonate host rock. Combining paragenetic information, fluid inclusion investigations, stable isotope and mineral chemistry with thermodynamic modeling, we have derived a model for the formation of the Wiesloch deposit. This model involves fluid mixing between ascending hot brines (originating in the crystalline basement) with sedimentary formation waters. The ascending brines originally had a near-neutral pH (around 6) and intermediate oxidation state, reflecting equilibrium with granites and gneisses in the basement. During fluid ascent and cooling, the pH of the brine shifted towards more acidic (around 4) and the oxidation state increased to conditions above the hematite-magnetite buffer. These chemical characteristics contrast strongly with those of the pore and fracture fluid residing in the limestone aquifer, which had a pH between 8 and 9 in equilibrium with calcite and was rather reduced due to the presence of organic matter in the limestone. Mixing between these two fluids resulted in a strong decrease in the solubility of silver-bearing sphalerite and galena, and calcite. Besides Wiesloch, several Pb–Zn deposits are known along the Upper Rhinegraben, including hydrothermal vein-type deposits like Badenweiler and the Michael mine near Lahr. They all share the same fluid origin and formation process and only differ in details of their host rock and fluid cooling paths. The mechanism of fluid mixing also seems to be responsible for the formation of other MVT deposits in Europe (e.g., Réocin, Northern Spain; Trèves, Southern France; and Cracow-Silesia, Poland), which show notable similarities in terms of their age, mineralogy. and mineral chemistry to the MVT deposit near Wiesloch.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-010-0296-5","usgsCitation":"Pfaff, K., Hildebrandt, L.H., Leach, D.L., Jacob, D.E., and Markl, G., 2010, Formation of the Wiesloch Mississippi Valley-type Zn-Pb-Ag deposit in the extensional setting of the Upper Rhinegraben, SW Germany: Mineralium Deposita, v. 45, no. 7, p. 647-666, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-010-0296-5.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"647","endPage":"666","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Germany","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 9.063720703124998,\n 50.38050249104245\n ],\n [\n 8.0419921875,\n 50.15578588538455\n ],\n [\n 7.646484374999999,\n 48.63290858589535\n ],\n [\n 7.130126953125,\n 47.73932336136857\n ],\n [\n 8.10791015625,\n 47.70976154266637\n ],\n [\n 9.173583984375,\n 50.366488762738264\n ],\n [\n 9.063720703124998,\n 50.38050249104245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae419","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pfaff, Katharina","contributorId":49916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfaff","given":"Katharina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildebrandt, Ludwig H.","contributorId":101375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildebrandt","given":"Ludwig","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leach, David L.","contributorId":83902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacob, Dorrit E.","contributorId":51008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacob","given":"Dorrit","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Markl, Gregor","contributorId":73732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markl","given":"Gregor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003821,"text":"70003821 - 2010 - Flood hydrology and methylmercury availability in Coastal Plain rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T10:15:50","indexId":"70003821","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flood hydrology and methylmercury availability in Coastal Plain rivers","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) burdens in top-predator fish differ substantially between adjacent South Carolina Coastal Plain river basins with similar wetlands coverage. In the Congaree River, floodwaters frequently originate in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont regions, where wetlands coverage and surface water dissolved methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations are low. Piedmont-driven flood events can lead to downward hydraulic gradients in the Coastal Plain riparian wetland margins, inhibiting MeHg transport from wetland sediments, and decreasing MeHg availability in the Congaree River habitat. In the adjacent Edisto River basin, floodwaters originate only within Coastal Plain sediments, maintaining upward hydraulic gradients even during flood events, promoting MeHg transport to the water column, and enhancing MeHg availability in the Edisto River habitat. These results indicate that flood hydrodynamics contribute to the variability in Hg vulnerability between Coastal Plain rivers and that comprehensive regional assessment of the relationship between flood hydrodynamics and Hg risk in Coastal Plain streams is warranted.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es102917j","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., Journey, C.A., Chapelle, F.H., Lowery, M.A., and Conrads, P., 2010, Flood hydrology and methylmercury availability in Coastal Plain rivers: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 24, p. 9285-9290, https://doi.org/10.1021/es102917j.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"9285","endPage":"9290","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"44","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef17d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":349025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowery, Mark A.","contributorId":77872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowery","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 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wetland","docAbstract":"Small fishes in seasonally flooded environments such as the Everglades are capable of spreading into newly flooded areas and building up substantial biomass. Passive drift cannot account for the rapidity of observed population expansions. To test the reaction-diffusion mechanism for spread of the fish, we estimated their diffusion coefficient and applied a reaction-diffusion model. This mechanism was also too weak to account for the spatial dynamics. Two other hypotheses were tested through modeling. The first--the 'refuge mechanism--hypothesizes that small remnant populations of small fishes survive the dry season in small permanent bodies of water (refugia), sites where the water level is otherwise below the surface. The second mechanism, which we call the 'dynamic ideal free distribution mechanism' is that consumption by the fish creates a prey density gradient and that fish taxis along this gradient can lead to rapid population expansion in space. We examined the two alternatives and concluded that although refugia may play an important role in recolonization by the fish population during reflooding, only the second, taxis in the direction of the flooding front, seems capable of matching empirical observations. This study has important implications for management of wetlands, as fish biomass is an essential support of higher trophic levels.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.12.021","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., Trexler, J.C., Cosner, C., Obaza, A., and Jopp, F., 2010, Fish population dynamics in a seasonally varying wetland: Ecological Modelling, v. 221, no. 8, p. 1131-1137, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.12.021.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1131","endPage":"1137","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.815185546875,\n 25.095548539604252\n ],\n [\n -80.474853515625,\n 25.095548539604252\n ],\n [\n -80.474853515625,\n 26.175158990178133\n ],\n [\n -81.815185546875,\n 26.175158990178133\n ],\n [\n -81.815185546875,\n 25.095548539604252\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"221","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":88015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trexler, Joel C.","contributorId":36267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trexler","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":348602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cosner, Chris","contributorId":38698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosner","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Obaza, Adam","contributorId":14099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obaza","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jopp, Fred","contributorId":62336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jopp","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003992,"text":"70003992 - 2010 - Factors controlling the regional distribution of vanadium in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-16T13:37:46.061871","indexId":"70003992","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors controlling the regional distribution of vanadium in ground water","docAbstract":"Although the ingestion of vanadium (V) in drinking water may have possible adverse health effects, there have been relatively few studies of V in groundwater. Given the importance of groundwater as a source of drinking water in many areas of the world, this study examines the potential sources and geochemical processes that control the distribution of V in groundwater on a regional scale. Potential sources of V to groundwater include dissolution of V rich rocks, and waste streams from industrial processes. Geochemical processes such as adsorption/desorption, precipitation/dissolution, and chemical transformations control V concentrations in groundwater. Based on thermodynamic data and laboratory studies, V concentrations are expected to be highest in samples collected from oxic and alkaline groundwater. However, the extent to which thermodynamic data and laboratory results apply to the actual distribution of V in groundwater is not well understood. More than 8400 groundwater samples collected in California were used in this study. Of these samples, high (≥50 µg/L) and moderate (25 to 49 µg/L) V concentrations were most frequently detected in regions where both source rock and favorable geochemical conditions occurred. The distribution of V concentrations in groundwater samples suggests that significant sources of V are mafic and andesitic rock. Anthropogenic activities do not appear to be a significant contributor of V to groundwater in this study. High V concentrations in groundwater samples analyzed in this study were almost always associated with oxic and alkaline groundwater conditions, which is consistent with predictions based on thermodynamic data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00666.x","usgsCitation":"Wright, M.T., and Belitz, K., 2010, Factors controlling the regional distribution of vanadium in ground water: Ground Water, v. 48, no. 4, p. 515-525, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00666.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"525","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southeast California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.400390625,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -118.69628906249999,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -120.58593749999999,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -120.62988281249999,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -118.47656249999999,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -116.27929687499999,\n 33.8339199536547\n ],\n [\n -115.400390625,\n 34.994003757575776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d0e4b07f02db5465e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Michael T. 0000-0003-0653-6466 mtwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466","contributorId":1508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Michael","email":"mtwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003527,"text":"70003527 - 2010 - Identifying sources of dissolved organic carbon in agriculturally dominated rivers using radiocarbon age dating: Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T16:40:08","indexId":"70003527","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying sources of dissolved organic carbon in agriculturally dominated rivers using radiocarbon age dating: Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin, California","docAbstract":"We used radiocarbon measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to resolve sources of riverine carbon within agriculturally dominated landscapes in California. During 2003 and 2004, average Δ14C for DOC was −254‰ in agricultural drains in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, −218‰ in the San Joaquin River, −175‰ in the California State Water Project and −152‰ in the Sacramento River. The age of bulk DOC transiting the rivers of California’s Central Valley is the oldest reported for large rivers and suggests wide-spread loss of soil organic matter caused by agriculture and urbanization. Using DAX 8 adsorbent, we isolated and measured 14C concentrations in hydrophobic acid fractions (HPOA); river samples showed evidence of bomb-pulse carbon with average Δ14C of 91 and 76‰ for the San Joaquin and Sacramento Rivers, respectively, with older HPOA, −204‰, observed in agricultural drains. An operationally defined non-HPOA fraction of DOC was observed in the San Joaquin River with seasonally computed Δ14C values of between −275 and −687‰; the source of this aged material was hypothesized to be physically protected organic-matter in high clay-content soils and agrochemicals (i.e., radiocarbon-dead material) applied to farmlands. Mixing models suggest that the Sacramento River contributes about 50% of the DOC load in the California State Water Project, and agricultural drains contribute approximately one-third of the load. In contrast to studies showing stabilization of soil carbon pools within one or two decades following land conversion, sustained loss of soil organic matter, occurring many decades after the initial agricultural-land conversion, was observed in California’s Central Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-009-9391-z","usgsCitation":"Sickman, J.O., DiGiorgio, C.L., Davisson, M.L., Lucero, D.M., and Bergamaschi, B., 2010, Identifying sources of dissolved organic carbon in agriculturally dominated rivers using radiocarbon age dating: Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin, California: Biogeochemistry, v. 99, no. 1, p. 79-96, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9391-z.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"96","ipdsId":"IP-012067","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475577,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9391-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Joaquin;Sacramento;Contra Costa;Solano","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Delta;San Joaquin River;Sacramento River;Twitchell Island;Bouldin Island;Bacon Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.11666666666666,37.5 ], [ -122.11666666666666,38.5 ], [ -121.25,38.5 ], [ -121.25,37.5 ], [ -122.11666666666666,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"99","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9d91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sickman, James O.","contributorId":30741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DiGiorgio, Carol L.","contributorId":88071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiorgio","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davisson, M. Lee","contributorId":106248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davisson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lucero, Delores M.","contributorId":88865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucero","given":"Delores","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70004062,"text":"70004062 - 2010 - Hydrogeologic framework of fractured sedimentary rock, Newark Basin, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T10:16:23","indexId":"70004062","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeologic framework of fractured sedimentary rock, Newark Basin, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The hydrogeologic framework of fractured sedimentary bedrock at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), Trenton, New Jersey, a trichloroethylene (TCE)-contaminated site in the Newark Basin, is developed using an understanding of the geologic history of the strata, gamma-ray logs, and rock cores. NAWC is the newest field research site established as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, and DoD Environmental Security Technology Certification Program to investigate contaminant remediation in fractured rock.\n\nSedimentary bedrock at the NAWC research site comprises the Skunk Hollow, Byram, and Ewing Creek Members of the Lockatong Formation and Raven Rock Member of the Stockton Formation. Muds of the Lockatong Formation that were deposited in Van Houten cycles during the Triassic have lithified to form the bedrock that is typical of much of the Newark Basin. Four lithotypes formed from the sediments include black, carbon-rich laminated mudstone, dark-gray laminated mudstone, light-gray massive mudstone, and red massive mudstone. Diagenesis, tectonic compression, off-loading, and weathering have altered the rocks to give some strata greater hydraulic conductivity than other strata. Each stratum in the Lockatong Formation is 0.3 to 8 m thick, strikes N65 degrees E, and dips 25 degrees to 70 degrees NW. The black, carbon-rich laminated mudstone tends to fracture easily, has a relatively high hydraulic conductivity and is associated with high natural gamma-ray count rates. The dark-gray laminated mudstone is less fractured and has a lower hydraulic conductivity than the black carbon-rich laminated mudstone. The light-gray and the red massive mudstones are highly indurated and tend to have the least fractures and a low hydraulic conductivity.\n\nThe differences in gamma-ray count rates for different mudstones allow gamma-ray logs to be used to correlate and delineate the lithostratigraphy from multiple wells. Gamma-ray logs and rock cores were correlated to develop a 13-layer gamma-ray stratigraphy and 41-layer lithostratigraphy throughout the fractured sedimentary rock research site.\n\nDetailed hydrogeologic framework shows that black carbon-rich laminated mudstones are the most hydraulically conductive. Water-quality and aquifer-test data indicate that groundwater flow is greatest and TCE contamination is highest in the black, carbon- and clay-rich laminated mudstones. Large-scale groundwater flow at the NAWC research site can be modeled as highly anisotropic with the highest component of permeability occurring along bedding planes.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2010.01275.x","usgsCitation":"Lacombe, P., and Burton, W.C., 2010, Hydrogeologic framework of fractured sedimentary rock, Newark Basin, New Jersey: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 30, no. 2, p. 35-45, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2010.01275.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Newark Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 40.38839687388361\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -73.85009765625,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -73.85009765625,\n 40.38839687388361\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 40.38839687388361\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627a4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre J. placombe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre J.","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003487,"text":"70003487 - 2010 - Hydrogeology of the potsdam sandstone in northern New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-08T20:27:05.52498","indexId":"70003487","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1180,"text":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeology of the potsdam sandstone in northern New York","docAbstract":"The Potsdam Sandstone of Cambrian age forms a transboundary aquifer that extends across northern New York and into southern Quebec. The Potsdam Sandstone is a gently dipping sequence of arkose, subarkose, and orthoquartzite that unconformably overlies Precambrian metamorphic bedrock. The Potsdam irregularly grades upward over a thickness of 450 m from a heterogeneous feldspathic and argillaceous rock to a homogeneous, quartz-rich and matrix-poor rock. The hydrogeological framework of the Potsdam Sandstone was investigated through an analysis of records from 1,500 wells and geophysical logs from 40 wells, and through compilation of GIS coverages of bedrock and surficial geology, examination of bedrock cores, and construction of hydrogeological sections. The upper several metres of the sandstone typically is weathered and fractured and, where saturated, readily transmits groundwater. Bedding-related fractures in the sandstone commonly form sub-horizontal flow zones of relatively high transmissivity. The vertical distribution of sub-horizontal flow zones is variable; spacings of less than 10 m are common. Transmissivity of individual flow zones may be more than 100 m2/d but typically is less than 10 m2/d. High angle fractures, including joints and faults, locally provide vertical hydraulic connection between flow zones. Hydraulic head gradients in the aquifer commonly are downward; a laterally extensive series of sub-horizontal flow zones serve as drains for the groundwater flow system. Vertical hydraulic head differences between shallow and deep flow zones range from 1 m to more than 20 m. The maximum head differences are in recharge areas upgradient from the area where the Chateauguay and Chazy Rivers, and their tributaries, have cut into till and bedrock. Till overlies the sandstone in much of the study area; its thickness is generally greatest in the western part, where it may exceed 50 m. A discontinuous belt of bedrock pavements stripped of glacial drift extends across the eastern part of the study area; the largest of these is Altona Flat Rock. Most recharge to the sandstone aquifer occurs in areas of thin, discontinuous till and exposed bedrock; little recharge occurs in areas where this unit is overlain by thick till and clay. Discharge from the sandstone aquifer provides stream and river baseflow and is the source of many springs. A series of springs that are used for municipal bottled water and fish-hatchery supply discharge from 1,000 to 5,000 L/min adjacent to several tributaries east of the Chateauguay River. The major recharge areas for the Chateauguay springs are probably upgradient to the southeast, where the till cover is thin or absent.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Water Resources Association","doi":"10.4296/cwrj3504399","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., Reynolds, R.J., Franzi, D.A., Romanowicz, E.A., and Paillet, F.L., 2010, Hydrogeology of the potsdam sandstone in northern New York: Canadian Water Resources Journal, v. 35, no. 4, p. 399-416, https://doi.org/10.4296/cwrj3504399.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"416","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.5,44.61666666666667 ], [ -74.5,45.05 ], [ -73.5,45.05 ], [ -73.5,44.61666666666667 ], [ -74.5,44.61666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db614ee1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franzi, David A.","contributorId":51894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franzi","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romanowicz, Edwin A.","contributorId":68870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanowicz","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":38191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003502,"text":"70003502 - 2010 - Divergent movements of walrus and sea ice in the northern Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-14T12:19:31.404041","indexId":"70003502","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Divergent movements of walrus and sea ice in the northern Bering Sea","docAbstract":"The Pacific walrus Odobenus rosmarus divergens is a large Arctic pinniped of the Chukchi and Bering Seas. Reductions of sea ice projected to occur in the Arctic by mid-century raise concerns for conservation of the Pacific walrus. To understand the significance of sea ice loss to the viability of walruses, it would be useful to better understand the spatial associations between the movements of sea ice and walruses. We investigated whether local-scale (~1 to 100 km) walrus movements correspond to movements of sea ice in the Bering Sea in early spring, using locations from radio-tracked walruses and measures of ice floe movements from processed synthetic aperture radar satellite imagery. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models to analyze the angle between walrus and ice floe movement vectors and the distance between the final geographic position of walruses and their associated ice floes (displacement), as functions of observation duration, proportion of time the walrus was in water, and geographic region. Analyses were based on 121 walrus-ice vector pairs and observations lasting 12 to 36 h. Angles and displacements increased with observation duration, proportion of time the walrus spent in the water, and varied among regions (regional mean angles ranged from 40° to 81° and mean displacements ranged from 15 to 35 km). Our results indicated a lack of correspondence between walruses and their initially associated ice floes, suggesting that local areas of walrus activities were independent of the movement of ice floes.","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","publisherLocation":"Luneburg, Germany","doi":"10.3354/meps08575","usgsCitation":"Jay, C.V., Udevitz, M.S., Kwok, R., Fischbach, A.S., and Douglas, D.C., 2010, Divergent movements of walrus and sea ice in the northern Bering Sea: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 407, p. 293-302, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08575.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"302","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475580,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08575","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea","volume":"407","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6347b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwok, Ron","contributorId":94026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwok","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":2865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003333,"text":"70003333 - 2010 - Assessment of PDMS-water partition coefficients: implications for passive environmental sampling of hydrophobic organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:56:21","indexId":"70003333","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of PDMS-water partition coefficients: implications for passive environmental sampling of hydrophobic organic compounds","docAbstract":"Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has shown potential as an in situ passive-sampling technique in aquatic environments. The reliability of this method depends upon accurate determination of the partition coefficient between the fiber coating and water (Kf). For some hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), Kf values spanning 4 orders of magnitude have been reported for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and water. However, 24% of the published data examined in this review did not pass the criterion for negligible depletion, resulting in questionable Kf values. The range in reported Kf is reduced to just over 2 orders of magnitude for some polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) when these questionable values are removed. Other factors that could account for the range in reported Kf, such as fiber-coating thickness and fiber manufacturer, were evaluated and found to be insignificant. In addition to accurate measurement of Kf, an understanding of the impact of environmental variables, such as temperature and ionic strength, on partitioning is essential for application of laboratory-measured Kf values to field samples. To date, few studies have measured Kf for HOCs at conditions other than at 20 degrees or 25 degrees C in distilled water. The available data indicate measurable variations in Kf at different temperatures and different ionic strengths. Therefore, if the appropriate environmental variables are not taken into account, significant error will be introduced into calculated aqueous concentrations using this passive sampling technique. A multiparameter linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) was developed to estimate log Kf in distilled water at 25 degrees C based on published physicochemical parameters. This method provided a good correlation (R2 = 0.94) between measured and predicted log Kf values for several compound classes. Thus, an LSER approach may offer a reliable means of predicting log Kf for HOCs whose experimental log Kf values are presently unavailable. Future research should focus on understanding the impact of environmental variables on Kf. Obtaining the data needed for an LSER approach to estimate Kf for all environmentally relevant HOCs would be beneficial to the application of SPME as a passive-sampling technique.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es101103x","usgsCitation":"DiFilippo, E.L., and Eganhouse, R., 2010, Assessment of PDMS-water partition coefficients: implications for passive environmental sampling of hydrophobic organic compounds: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 18, p. 6917-6925, https://doi.org/10.1021/es101103x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6917","endPage":"6925","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67291f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiFilippo, Erica L.","contributorId":90449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiFilippo","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eganhouse, Robert P. eganhous@usgs.gov","contributorId":2031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"Robert P.","email":"eganhous@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003602,"text":"70003602 - 2010 - Are mangroves in the tropical Atlantic ripe for invasion? Exotic mangrove trees in the forests of South Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-19T17:40:23","indexId":"70003602","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are mangroves in the tropical Atlantic ripe for invasion? Exotic mangrove trees in the forests of South Florida","docAbstract":"Two species of mangrove trees of Indo-Pacific origin have naturalized in tropical Atlantic mangrove forests in South Florida after they were planted and nurtured in botanic gardens. Two Bruguiera gymnorrhiza trees that were planted in the intertidal zone in 1940 have given rise to a population of at least 86 trees growing interspersed with native mangrove species Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa along 100 m of shoreline; the population is expanding at a rate of 5.6% year−1. Molecular genetic analyses confirm very low genetic diversity, as expected from a population founded by two individuals. The maximum number of alleles at any locus was three, and we measured reduced heterozygosity compared to native-range populations. Lumnitzera racemosa was introduced multiple times during the 1960s and 1970s, it has spread rapidly into a forest composed of native R. mangle, A. germinans, Laguncularia racemosa and Conocarpus erectus and now occupies 60,500 m2 of mangrove forest with stem densities of 24,735 ha−1. We estimate the population growth rate of Lumnitzera racemosa to be between 17 and 23% year−1. Populations of both species of naturalized mangroves are dominated by young individuals. Given the long life and water-dispersed nature of propagules of the two exotic species, it is likely that they have spread beyond our survey area. We argue that the species-depauperate nature of tropical Atlantic mangrove forests and close taxonomic relatives in the more species-rich Indo-Pacific region result in the susceptibility of tropical Atlantic mangrove forests to invasion by Indo-Pacific mangrove species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-009-9660-8","usgsCitation":"Fourqurean, J.W., Smith, T.J., Possley, J., Collins, T.M., Lee, D., and Namoff, S., 2010, Are mangroves in the tropical Atlantic ripe for invasion? Exotic mangrove trees in the forests of South Florida: Biological Invasions, v. 12, no. 8, p. 2509-2522, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-009-9660-8.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2509","endPage":"2522","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"12","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db674134","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fourqurean, James W.","contributorId":84491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fourqurean","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Possley, Jennifer","contributorId":9761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Possley","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collins, Timothy M.","contributorId":60760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, David","contributorId":97236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Namoff, Sandra","contributorId":19691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Namoff","given":"Sandra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70004017,"text":"70004017 - 2010 - Arsenic management through well modification and simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T17:06:06.169253","indexId":"70004017","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic management through well modification and simulation","docAbstract":"Arsenic concentrations can be managed with a relatively simple strategy of grouting instead of completely destroying a selected interval of well. The strategy of selective grouting was investigated in Antelope Valley, California, where groundwater supplies most of the water demand. Naturally occurring arsenic typically exceeds concentrations of 10 (mu or u)g/L in the water produced from these long-screened wells. The vertical distributions of arsenic concentrations in intervals of the aquifer contributing water to selected supply wells were characterized with depth-dependent water-quality sampling and flow logs. Arsenic primarily entered the lower half of the wells where lacustrine clay deposits and a deeper aquifer occurred. Five wells were modified by grouting from below the top of the lacustrine clay deposits to the bottom of the well, which reduced produced arsenic concentrations to less than 2 (mu or u)g/L in four of the five wells. Long-term viability of well modification and reduction of specific capacity was assessed for well 4-54 with AnalyzeHOLE, which creates and uses axisymmetric, radial MODFLOW models. Two radial models were calibrated to observed borehole flows, drawdowns, and transmissivity by estimating hydraulicconductivity values in the aquifer system and gravel packs of the original and modified wells. Lithology also constrained hydraulic-conductivity estimates as regularization observations. Well encrustations caused as much as 2 (mu or u)g/L increase in simulated arsenic concentration by reducing the contribution of flow from the aquifer system above the lacustrine clay deposits. Simulated arsenic concentrations in the modified well remained less than 3 (mu or u)g/L over a 20-year period.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00670.x","usgsCitation":"Halford, K.J., Stamos, C., Nishikawa, T., and Martin, P., 2010, Arsenic management through well modification and simulation: Ground Water, v. 48, no. 4, p. 526-537, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00670.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"537","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e59ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halford, Keith J. 0000-0002-7322-1846 khalford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":1374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Keith","email":"khalford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stamos, Christina L. 0000-0002-1007-9352","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-9352","contributorId":19593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamos","given":"Christina L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003884,"text":"70003884 - 2010 - Developing an ecosystem services online decision support tool to assess the impacts of climate change and urban growth in the Santa Cruz watershed: Where we live, work, and play","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:31:23","indexId":"70003884","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3504,"text":"Sustainability","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing an ecosystem services online decision support tool to assess the impacts of climate change and urban growth in the Santa Cruz watershed: Where we live, work, and play","docAbstract":"Using respective strengths of the biological, physical, and social sciences, we are developing an online decision support tool, the Santa Cruz Watershed Ecosystem Portfolio Model (SCWEPM), to help promote the use of information relevant to water allocation and land management in a binational watershed along the U.S.-Mexico border. The SCWEPM will include an ES valuation system within a suite of linked regional driver-response models and will use a multicriteria scenario-evaluation framework that builds on GIS analysis and spatially-explicit models that characterize important ecological, economic, and societal endpoints and consequences that are sensitive to climate patterns, regional water budgets, and regional LULC change in the SCW.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/su2072044","usgsCitation":"Norman, L.M., Tallent-Halsell, N., Labiosa, W., Weber, M., McCoy, A., Hirschboeck, K., Callegary, J.B., van Riper, C., and Gray, F., 2010, Developing an ecosystem services online decision support tool to assess the impacts of climate change and urban growth in the Santa Cruz watershed: Where we live, work, and play: Sustainability, v. 2, no. 7, p. 2044-2069, https://doi.org/10.3390/su2072044.","productDescription":"26 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}","volume":"2","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688278","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406 lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tallent-Halsell, Nita","contributorId":101795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tallent-Halsell","given":"Nita","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Labiosa, 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jcallega@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-0517","contributorId":2171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callegary","given":"James","email":"jcallega@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":349290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gray, Floyd 0000-0002-0223-8966 fgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-8966","contributorId":603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Floyd","email":"fgray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70003920,"text":"70003920 - 2010 - Development and characterization of 17 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the faucet snail, Bithynia tentaculata (Gastroposa: Caenogastropoda; Bithyniidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T10:35:24","indexId":"70003920","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and characterization of 17 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the faucet snail, Bithynia tentaculata (Gastroposa: Caenogastropoda; Bithyniidae)","docAbstract":"Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758), a snail native to Europe, was introduced into the US Great Lakes in the 1870's and has spread to rivers throughout the Northeastern US and Upper Mississippi River (UMR). Trematode parasites, for which B. tentaculata is a host, have also been introduced and are causing widespread waterfowl mortality in the UMR. Waterfowl mortality is caused by ingestion of trematode-infected B. tentaculata or insects infected with parasites released from the snails. We isolated and characterized 17 microsatellite loci from the invasive faucet snail, B. tentaculata (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Bithyniidae). Loci were screened in 24 individuals of B. tentaculata. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 6, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.050 to 0.783, and the probability of identity values ranged from 0.10 to 0.91. These new loci provide tools for examining the origin and spread of invasive populations in the US and management activities to prevent waterfowl mortality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12686-010-9255-9","usgsCitation":"Henningsen, J.P., Lance, S., Jones, K., Hagen, C., Laurila, J., Cole, R.A., and Perez, K.E., 2010, Development and characterization of 17 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the faucet snail, Bithynia tentaculata (Gastroposa: Caenogastropoda; Bithyniidae): Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 2, no. 1, p. 247-250, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-010-9255-9.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"250","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6672c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henningsen, Justin P.","contributorId":86885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henningsen","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lance, Stacey L.","contributorId":65976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lance","given":"Stacey L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Kenneth L.","contributorId":72112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Kenneth L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hagen, Chris","contributorId":42340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagen","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Laurila, Joshua","contributorId":47511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laurila","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622 rcole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":2873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"rcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Perez, Kathryn E.","contributorId":14102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70003566,"text":"70003566 - 2010 - Contribution of PAHs from coal-tar pavement sealcoat and other sources to 40 U.S. lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"70003566","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contribution of PAHs from coal-tar pavement sealcoat and other sources to 40 U.S. lakes","docAbstract":"Contamination of urban lakes and streams by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has increased in the United States during the past 40 years. We evaluated sources of PAHs in post-1990 sediments in cores from 40 lakes in urban areas across the United States using a contaminant mass-balance receptor model and including as a potential source coal-tar-based (CT) sealcoat, a recently recognized source of urban PAH. Other PAH sources considered included several coal- and vehicle-related sources, wood combustion, and fuel-oil combustion. The four best modeling scenarios all indicate CT sealcoat is the largest PAH source when averaged across all 40 lakes, contributing about one-half of PAH in sediment, followed by vehicle-related sources and coal combustion. PAH concentrations in the lakes were highly correlated with PAH loading from CT sealcoat (Spearman's rho=0.98), and the mean proportional PAH profile for the 40 lakes was highly correlated with the PAH profile for dust from CT-sealed pavement (r=0.95). PAH concentrations and mass and fractional loading from CT sealcoat were significantly greater in the central and eastern United States than in the western United States, reflecting regional differences in use of different sealcoat product types. The model was used to calculate temporal trends in PAH source contributions during the last 40 to 100 years to eight of the 40 lakes. In seven of the lakes, CT sealcoat has been the largest source of PAHs since the 1960s, and in six of those lakes PAH trends are upward. Traffic is the largest source to the eighth lake, located in southern California where use of CT sealcoat is rare.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., and Mahler, B., 2010, Contribution of PAHs from coal-tar pavement sealcoat and other sources to 40 U.S. lakes: Science of the Total Environment, v. 409, no. 2, p. 334-344.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"334","endPage":"344","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21720,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00489697","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"409","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a80ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003395,"text":"70003395 - 2010 - Conservation planning for imperiled aquatic species in an urbanizing environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"70003395","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation planning for imperiled aquatic species in an urbanizing environment","docAbstract":"As the global area devoted to urban uses grows, an increasing number of freshwater species will face imperilment due to urbanization effects. Management of these impacts on both private and public lands is necessary to ensure species persistence. Such management entails several hallenges: (1) development of a management policy appropriate to the stressors; (2) linking stressor levels to species population attributes; (3) forecasting the effects of alternative management policy decisions on the species, and (4) using adaptive management to adjust the policy in the future. We illustrate how these challenges were addressed under the Etowah Habitat Conservation Plan (Etowah HCP), a management plan for three federally protected fish species in Georgia, USA. The plan involved the creation of a management policy to address the impacts of the greatest stressor, stormwater runoff, as well as other stressors. Models were constructed to link population indices of the three species with a key indicator of stormwater runoff, effective impervious area (EIA). Then, models were applied to projected levels of EIA under full watershed buildout to fine-tune the parameters of the management policy. Forecasting indicated that the most sensitive species, the Etowah darter, was likely to decline by 84% in the absence of the Etowah HCP, but only 23% if the Etowah HCP were implemented. Although there was substantial uncertainty in model predictions, an adaptive management plan was established to incorporate new data and to adjust management policies as necessary.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape and Urban Planning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.04.006","usgsCitation":"Wenger, S.J., Freeman, M., Fowler, L.A., Freeman, B.J., and Peterson, J., 2010, Conservation planning for imperiled aquatic species in an urbanizing environment: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 97, no. 1, p. 11-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.04.006.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21674,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.04.006","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"97","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697678","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wenger, Seth J.","contributorId":64786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenger","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Mary 0000-0001-7615-6923 mcfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":3528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"mcfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fowler, Laurie A.","contributorId":44277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, Byron J.","contributorId":49782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"Byron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":347116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}