{"pageNumber":"768","pageRowStart":"19175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40778,"records":[{"id":70046617,"text":"70046617 - 2011 - GAGES-II: Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T09:22:06","indexId":"70046617","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"GAGES-II: Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow","docAbstract":"This dataset, termed \"GAGES II\", an acronym for Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow, version II, provides geospatial data and classifications for 9,322 stream gages maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). It is an update to the original GAGES, which was published as a Data Paper on the journal Ecology's website (Falcone and others, 2010b) in 2010. The GAGES II dataset consists of gages which have had either 20+ complete years (not necessarily continuous) of discharge record since 1950, or are currently active, as of water year 2009, and whose watersheds lie within the United States, including Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. Reference gages were identified based on indicators that they were the least-disturbed watersheds within the framework of broad regions, based on 12 major ecoregions across the United States. Of the 9,322 total sites, 2,057 are classified as reference, and 7,265 as non-reference. Of the 2,057 reference sites, 1,633 have (through 2009) 20+ years of record since 1950. Some sites have very long flow records: a number of gages have been in continuous service since 1900 (at least), and have 110 years of complete record (1900-2009) to date. The geospatial data include several hundred watershed characteristics compiled from national data sources, including environmental features (e.g. climate – including historical precipitation, geology, soils, topography) and anthropogenic influences (e.g. land use, road density, presence of dams, canals, or power plants). The dataset also includes comments from local USGS Water Science Centers, based on Annual Data Reports, pertinent to hydrologic modifications and influences. The data posted also include watershed boundaries in GIS format. This overall dataset is different in nature to the USGS Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN; Slack and Landwehr 1992), whose data evaluation ended with water year 1988. The HCDN identifies stream gages which at some point in their history had periods which represented natural flow, and the years in which those natural flows occurred were identified (i.e. not all HCDN sites were in reference condition even in 1988, for example, 02353500). The HCDN remains a valuable indication of historic natural streamflow data. However, the goal of this dataset was to identify watersheds which currently have near-natural flow conditions, and the 2,057 reference sites identified here were derived independently of the HCDN. A subset, however, noted in the BasinID worksheet as “HCDN-2009”, has been identified as an updated list of 743 sites for potential hydro-climatic study. The HCDN-2009 sites fulfill all of the following criteria: (a) have 20 years of complete and continuous flow record in the last 20 years (water years 1990-2009), and were thus also currently active as of 2009, (b) are identified as being in current reference condition according to the GAGES-II classification, (c) have less than 5 percent imperviousness as measured from the NLCD 2006, and (d) were not eliminated by a review from participating state Water Science Center evaluators. The data posted here consist of the following items:- This point shapefile, with summary data for the 9,322 gages.- A zip file containing basin characteristics, variable definitions, and a more detailed report.- A zip file containing shapefiles of basin boundaries, organized by classification and aggregated ecoregion.- A zip file containing mainstem stream lines (Arc line coverages) for each gage.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046617","usgsCitation":"Falcone, J.A., 2011, GAGES-II: Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046617.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273765,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/gagesII_Sept2011.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.000000,5.402082 ], [ -180.000000,90.000000 ], [ 180.000000,90.000000 ], [ 180.000000,5.402082 ], [ -180.000000,5.402082 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02feae4b0ee1529ed3cdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falcone, James A. 0000-0001-7202-3592 jfalcone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7202-3592","contributorId":614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"James","email":"jfalcone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70036437,"text":"70036437 - 2011 - Petroleum prospectivity of the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-11T18:17:37.774139","indexId":"70036437","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Petroleum prospectivity of the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"

Reconnaissance seismic reflection data indicate that Canada Basin is a >700,000 sq. km. remnant of the Amerasia Basin of the Arctic Ocean that lies south of the Alpha-Mendeleev Large Igneous Province, which was constructed across the northern part of the Amerasia Basin between about 127 and 89–83.5 Ma. Canada Basin was filled by Early Jurassic to Holocene detritus from the Beaufort–Mackenzie Deltaic System, which drains the northern third of interior North America, with sizable contributions from Alaska and Northwest Canada. The basin contains roughly 5 or 6 million cubic km of sediment. Three fourths or more of this volume generates low amplitude seismic reflections, interpreted to represent hemipelagic deposits, which contain lenses to extensive interbeds of moderate amplitude reflections interpreted to represent unconfined turbidite and amalgamated channel deposits.

Extrapolation from Arctic Alaska and Northwest Canada suggests that three fourths of the section in Canada Basin is correlative with stratigraphic sequences in these areas that contain intervals of hydrocarbon source rocks. In addition, worldwide heat flow averages suggest that about two thirds of Canada Basin lies in the oil or gas windows. Structural, stratigraphic and combined structural and stratigraphic features of local to regional occurrence offer exploration targets in Canada Basin, and at least one of these contains bright spots. However, deep water (to almost 4000 m), remoteness from harbors and markets, and thick accumulations of seasonal to permanent sea ice (until its possible removal by global warming later this century) will require the discovery of very large deposits for commercial success in most parts of Canada Basin.

","largerWorkTitle":"Society of Petroleum Engineers - Arctic Technology Conference 2011","conferenceTitle":"Arctic Technology Conference 2011","conferenceDate":"February 2-7, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.11.001","isbn":"9781618390561","usgsCitation":"Grantz, A., and Hart, P.E., 2011, Petroleum prospectivity of the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean, in Society of Petroleum Engineers - Arctic Technology Conference 2011, v. 1, Houston, TX, February 2-7, 2011, p. 261-286, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.11.001.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"286","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a77fde4b0c8380cd785eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grantz, Arthur agrantz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"Arthur","email":"agrantz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034618,"text":"70034618 - 2011 - From deposition to erosion: Spatial and temporal variability of sediment sources, storage, and transport in a small agricultural watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T12:54:01","indexId":"70034618","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From deposition to erosion: Spatial and temporal variability of sediment sources, storage, and transport in a small agricultural watershed","docAbstract":"The spatial and temporal variability of sediment sources, storage, and transport were investigated in a small agricultural watershed draining the Coast Ranges and Sacramento Valley in central California. Results of field, laboratory, and historical data analysis in the Willow Slough fluvial system document changes that transformed a transport-limited depositional system to an effective erosion and transport system, despite a large sediment supply. These changes were caused by a combination of factors: (i) an increase in transport capacity, and (ii) hydrologic alteration. Alteration of the riparian zone and drainage network pattern during the past ~ 150 years included a twofold increase in straightened channel segments along with a baselevel change from excavation that increased slope, and increased sediment transport capacity by ~ 7%. Hydrologic alteration from irrigation water contributions also increased transport capacity, by extending the period with potential for sediment transport and erosion by ~ 6 months/year. Field measurements document Quaternary Alluvium as a modern source of fine sediment with grain size distributions characterized by 5 to 40% fine material. About 60% of an upland and 30% of a lowland study reach incised into this deposit exhibit bank erosion. During this study, the wet 2006 and relatively dry 2007 water years exhibited a range of total annual suspended sediment load spanning two orders of magnitude: ~ 108,500 kg/km2/year during 2006 and 5,950 kg/km2/year during 2007, only 5% of that during the previous year. Regional implications of this work are illustrated by the potential for a small tributary such as Willow Slough to contribute sediment – whereas large dams limit sediment supply from larger tributaries – to the Sacramento River and San Francisco Bay Delta and Estuary. This work is relevant to lowland agricultural river–floodplain systems globally in efforts to restore aquatic and riparian functions and where water quality management includes reducing fine sediment contributions that can couple with other pollutants.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.04.037","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Florsheim, J., Pellerin, B., Oh, N., Ohara, N., Bachand, P., Bachand, S., Bergamaschi, B., Hernes, P., and Kavvas, M., 2011, From deposition to erosion: Spatial and temporal variability of sediment sources, storage, and transport in a small agricultural watershed: Geomorphology, v. 132, no. 3-4, p. 272-286, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.04.037.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"272","endPage":"286","ipdsId":"IP-027109","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.0 ], [ -114.13,42.0 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"132","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13f8e4b0c8380cd5484e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Florsheim, J.L.","contributorId":101876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Florsheim","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pellerin, B.A.","contributorId":81233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oh, N.H.","contributorId":22987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oh","given":"N.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ohara, N.","contributorId":60045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohara","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bachand, P.A.M.","contributorId":9857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachand","given":"P.A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bachand, Sandra M.","contributorId":45542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachand","given":"Sandra M.","affiliations":[{"id":12526,"text":"Bachand & Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":446689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hernes, P.J.","contributorId":89651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernes","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kavvas, M.L.","contributorId":63642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kavvas","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70044482,"text":"70044482 - 2011 - U.S. Geological Survey: A synopsis of Three-dimensional Modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T11:47:27","indexId":"70044482","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey: A synopsis of Three-dimensional Modeling","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is a multidisciplinary agency that provides assessments of natural resources (geological, hydrological, biological), the disturbances that affect those resources, and the disturbances that affect the built environment, natural landscapes, and human society. Until now, USGS map products have been generated and distributed primarily as 2-D maps, occasionally providing cross sections or overlays, but rarely allowing the ability to characterize and understand 3-D systems, how they change over time (4-D), and how they interact. And yet, technological advances in monitoring natural resources and the environment, the ever-increasing diversity of information needed for holistic assessments, and the intrinsic 3-D/4-D nature of the information obtained increases our need to generate, verify, analyze, interpret, confirm, store, and distribute its scientific information and products using 3-D/4-D visualization, analysis, modeling tools, and information frameworks. Today, USGS scientists use 3-D/4-D tools to (1) visualize and interpret geological information, (2) verify the data, and (3) verify their interpretations and models. 3-D/4-D visualization can be a powerful quality control tool in the analysis of large, multidimensional data sets. USGS scientists use 3-D/4-D technology for 3-D surface (i.e., 2.5-D) visualization as well as for 3-D volumetric analyses. Examples of geological mapping in 3-D include characterization of the subsurface for resource assessments, such as aquifer characterization in the central United States, and for input into process models, such as seismic hazards in the western United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 13 in Synopsis of Current Three-dimensional Geological Mapping and Modeling in Geological Survey Organizations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Illinois State Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Jacobsen, L.J., Glynn, P.D., Phelps, G.A., Orndorff, R.C., Bawden, G.W., and Grauch, V.J., 2011, U.S. Geological Survey: A synopsis of Three-dimensional Modeling, chap. of Chapter 13 in Synopsis of Current Three-dimensional Geological Mapping and Modeling in Geological Survey Organizations, p. 69-79.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"79","ipdsId":"IP-024495","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273202,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/proj.bib/Publications/2011/jacobsen_glynn_etal_2011.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c72e4b08a3322c2c372","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobsen, Linda J.","contributorId":9159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobsen","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phelps, Geoff A.","contributorId":59328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Geoff","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bawden, Gerald W. gbawden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"Gerald","email":"gbawden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034493,"text":"70034493 - 2011 - Dynamic habitat selection by two wading bird species with divergent foraging strategies in a seasonally fluctuating wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T13:44:04","indexId":"70034493","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic habitat selection by two wading bird species with divergent foraging strategies in a seasonally fluctuating wetland","docAbstract":"

Seasonal and annual variation in food availability during the breeding season plays an influential role in the population dynamics of many avian species. In highly dynamic ecosystems like wetlands, finding and exploiting food resources requires a flexible behavioral response that may produce different population trends that vary with a species' foraging strategy. We quantified dynamic foraging-habitat selection by breeding and radiotagged White Ibises (Eudocimus albus) and Great Egrets (Ardea alba) in the Florida Everglades, where fluctuation in food resources is pronounced because of seasonal drying and flooding. The White Ibis is a tactile “searcher” species in population decline that specializes on highly concentrated prey, whereas the Great Egret, in a growing population, is a visual “exploiter” species that requires lower prey concentrations. In a year with high food availability, resource-selection functions for both species included variables that changed over multiannual time scales and were associated with increased prey production. In a year with low food availability, resource-selection functions included short-term variables that concentrated prey (e.g., water recession rates and reversals in drying pattern), which suggests an adaptive response to poor foraging conditions. In both years, the White Ibis was more restricted in its use of habitats than the Great Egret. Real-time species—habitat suitability models were developed to monitor and assess the daily availability and quality of spatially explicit habitat resources for both species. The models, evaluated through hindcasting using independent observations, demonstrated that habitat use of the more specialized White Ibis was more accurately predicted than that of the more generalist Great Egret.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2011.10165","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Beerens, J.M., Gawlik, D.E., Herring, G., and Cook, M.I., 2011, Dynamic habitat selection by two wading bird species with divergent foraging strategies in a seasonally fluctuating wetland: The Auk, v. 128, no. 4, p. 651-662, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2011.10165.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"662","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2011.10165","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0425e4b0c8380cd507f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beerens, James M. 0000-0001-8143-916X jbeerens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-916X","contributorId":143722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beerens","given":"James","email":"jbeerens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gawlik, Dale E.","contributorId":88055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gawlik","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herring, Garth 0000-0003-1106-4731 gherring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4731","contributorId":4403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"Garth","email":"gherring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cook, Mark I.","contributorId":7104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":7036,"text":"South Florida Water Management District","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":446066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032616,"text":"70032616 - 2011 - Porphyry Cu indicator minerals in till as an exploration tool: Example from the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-25T13:52:16.829561","indexId":"70032616","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Porphyry Cu indicator minerals in till as an exploration tool: Example from the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"Porphyry Cu indicator minerals are mineral species in clastic sediments that indicate the presence of mineralization and hydrothermal alteration associated with porphyry Cu and associated skarn deposits. Porphyry Cu indicator minerals recovered from shallow till samples near the giant Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit in SW Alaska, USA, include apatite, andradite garnet, Mn-epidote, visible gold, jarosite, pyrite, and cinnabar. Sulphide minerals other than pyrite are absent from till, most likely due to the oxidation of the till. The distribution of till samples with abundant apatite and cinnabar suggest sources other than the Pebble deposit. With three exceptions, all till samples up-ice of the Pebble deposit contain <10 grains/10kg of garnet (0.25-0.5 mm). Samples in the immediate vicinity of the Pebble deposit contain 10-20 grains, whereas samples with the most grains (>40grains/10kg) are in close proximity to smaller porphyry and skarn occurrences in the region. The distribution of Mn-epidote closely mimics the distribution of garnet in the till samples and further supports the interpretation that these minerals most likely reflect skarns associated with the porphyry deposits. All but two till samples, including those up-ice from the deposit, contain some gold grains. However, tills immediately west and down-ice of Pebble contain more abundant gold grains, and the overall number of grains decreases in the down-ice direction. Furthermore, all samples in the immediate vicinity of Pebble contain more than 65% pristine and modified grains compared to mostly re-shaped grains in distal samples. The pristine gold in till reflects short transport distances and/or liberation of gold during in-situ weathering of transported chalcopyrite grains. Jarosite is also abundant (1-2 500 grains/10kg) in samples adjacent to and up to 7 km down-ice from the deposit. Most jarosite grains are rounded and preliminary Ar/Ar dates suggest the jarosite formed prior to glaciation and it implies that a supergene cap existed over Pebble West. Assuming this interpretation is accurate, it suggests a shallow level of erosion of the Pebble deposit by glacial processes. Overall the results of this study indicate that porphyry Cu indicator minerals in till samples may be useful in the exploration for porphyry deposits in SW Alaska.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/1467-7873/10-IM-041","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K.D., Eppinger, R.G., Lang, J., Smith, S.M., and Fey, D.L., 2011, Porphyry Cu indicator minerals in till as an exploration tool: Example from the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Alaska, USA: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 11, no. 4, p. 321-334, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/10-IM-041.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"334","ipdsId":"IP-011917","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Pebble porphyry deposit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158,\n 59.21531159041328\n ],\n [\n -153.731689453125,\n 59.21531159041328\n ],\n [\n -153.731689453125,\n 60.354130331374286\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 60.354130331374286\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 59.21531159041328\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7de3e4b0c8380cd7a208","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. kdkelley@usgs.gov","contributorId":431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen","email":"kdkelley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lang, J.","contributorId":87377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Steven M. 0000-0003-3591-5377 smsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-5377","contributorId":1460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"smsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70044509,"text":"70044509 - 2011 - Measurement of net nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization in wetland soils using a modification of the resin-core technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T10:58:54","indexId":"70044509","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of net nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization in wetland soils using a modification of the resin-core technique","docAbstract":"A modification of the resin-core method was developed and tested for measuring in situ soil N and P net mineralization rates in wetland soils where temporal variation in bidirectional vertical water movement and saturation can complicate measurement. The modified design includes three mixed-bed ion-exchange resin bags located above and three resin bags located below soil incubating inside a core tube. The two inner resin bags adjacent to the soil capture NH4+, NO3-, and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) transported out of the soil during incubation; the two outer resin bags remove inorganic nutrients transported into the modified resin core; and the two middle resin bags serve as quality-control checks on the function of the inner and outer resin bags. Modified resin cores were incubated monthly for a year along the hydrogeomorphic gradient through a floodplain wetland. Only small amounts of NH4+, NO3-, and SRP were found in the two middle resin bags, indicating that the modified resin-core design was effective. Soil moisture and pH inside the modified resin cores typically tracked changes in the surrounding soil abiotic environment. In contrast, use of the closed polyethylene bag method provided substantially different net P and N mineralization rates than modified resin cores and did not track changes in soil moisture or pH. Net ammonification, nitrifi cation, N mineralization, and P mineralization rates measured using modified resin cores varied through space and time associated with hydrologic, geomorphic, and climatic gradients in the floodplain wetland. The modified resin-core technique successfully characterized spatiotemporal variation of net mineralization fluxes in situ and is a viable technique for assessing soil nutrient availability and developing ecosystem budgets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2010.0289","usgsCitation":"Noe, G., 2011, Measurement of net nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization in wetland soils using a modification of the resin-core technique: Biogeochemistry, v. 75, no. 2, p. 760-770, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0289.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"760","endPage":"770","numberOfPages":"5","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-018892","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269134,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0289"},{"id":269135,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51404e7fe4b089809dbf4482","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noe, Gregory B.","contributorId":77805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032330,"text":"70032330 - 2011 - Field tracer investigation of unsaturated zone flow paths and mechanisms in agricultural soils of northwestern Mississippi, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032330","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field tracer investigation of unsaturated zone flow paths and mechanisms in agricultural soils of northwestern Mississippi, USA","docAbstract":"In many farmed areas, intensive application of agricultural chemicals and withdrawal of groundwater for irrigation have led to water quality and supply issues. Unsaturated-zone processes, including preferential flow, play a major role in these effects but are not well understood. In the Bogue Phalia basin, an intensely agricultural area in the Delta region of northwestern Mississippi, the fine-textured soils often exhibit surface ponding and runoff after irrigation and rainfall as well as extensive surface cracking during prolonged dry periods. Fields are typically land-formed to promote surface flow into drainage ditches and streams that feed into larger river ecosystems. Downward flow of water below the root zone is considered minimal; regional groundwater models predict only 5% or less of precipitation recharges the heavily used alluvial aquifer. In this study transport mechanisms within and below the root zone of a fallow soybean field were assessed by performing a 2-m ring infiltration test with tracers and subsurface monitoring instruments. Seven months after tracer application, 48 continuous cores were collected for tracer extraction to define the extent of water movement and quantify preferential flow using a mass-balance approach. Vertical water movement was rapid below the pond indicating the importance of vertical preferential flow paths in the shallow unsaturated zone, especially to depths where agricultural disturbance occurs. Lateral flow of water at shallow depths was extensive and spatially non-uniform, reaching up to 10. m from the pond within 2. months. Within 1. month, the wetting front reached a textural boundary at 4-5. m between the fine-textured soil and sandy alluvium, now a potential capillary barrier which, prior to extensive irrigation withdrawals, was below the water table. Within 10. weeks, tracer was detectable at the water table which is presently about 12. m below land surface. Results indicate that 43% of percolation may be through preferential flow paths and that any water breaking through the capillary barrier (as potential recharge) likely does so in fingers which are difficult to detect with coring methods. In other areas where water levels have declined and soils have similar properties, the potential for transport of agricultural chemicals to the aquifer may be greater than previously assumed. ?? 2010 .","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.09.009","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Perkins, K., Nimmo, J., Rose, C., and Coupe, R., 2011, Field tracer investigation of unsaturated zone flow paths and mechanisms in agricultural soils of northwestern Mississippi, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 396, no. 1-2, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.09.009.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214951,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.09.009"},{"id":242712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"396","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fe3e4b0c8380cd53a64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, K. S. 0000-0001-8349-447X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":77557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"K. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, C.E.","contributorId":63233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coupe, R.H.","contributorId":84778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036241,"text":"70036241 - 2011 - Estimating California ecosystem carbon change using process model and land cover disturbance data: 1951-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T11:44:32","indexId":"70036241","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating California ecosystem carbon change using process model and land cover disturbance data: 1951-2000","docAbstract":"

Land use change, natural disturbance, and climate change directly alter ecosystem productivity and carbon stock level. The estimation of ecosystem carbon dynamics depends on the quality of land cover change data and the effectiveness of the ecosystem models that represent the vegetation growth processes and disturbance effects. We used the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) and a set of 30- to 60-m resolution fire and land cover change data to examine the carbon changes of California's forests, shrublands, and grasslands. Simulation results indicate that during 1951–2000, the net primary productivity (NPP) increased by 7%, from 72.2 to 77.1 Tg C yr−1 (1 teragram = 1012 g), mainly due to CO2 fertilization, since the climate hardly changed during this period. Similarly, heterotrophic respiration increased by 5%, from 69.4 to 73.1 Tg C yr−1, mainly due to increased forest soil carbon and temperature. Net ecosystem production (NEP) was highly variable in the 50-year period but on average equalled 3.0 Tg C yr−1 (total of 149 Tg C). As with NEP, the net biome production (NBP) was also highly variable but averaged −0.55 Tg C yr−1 (total of –27.3 Tg C) because NBP in the 1980s was very low (–5.34 Tg C yr−1). During the study period, a total of 126 Tg carbon were removed by logging and land use change, and 50 Tg carbon were directly removed by wildland fires. For carbon pools, the estimated total living upper canopy (tree) biomass decreased from 928 to 834 Tg C, and the understory (including shrub and grass) biomass increased from 59 to 63 Tg C. Soil carbon and dead biomass carbon increased from 1136 to 1197 Tg C.

Our analyses suggest that both natural and human processes have significant influence on the carbon change in California. During 1951–2000, climate interannual variability was the key driving force for the large interannual changes of ecosystem carbon source and sink at the state level, while logging and fire were the dominant driving forces for carbon balances in several specific ecoregions. From a long-term perspective, CO2fertilization plays a key role in maintaining higher NPP. However, our study shows that the increase in C sequestration by CO2 fertilization is largely offset by logging/land use change and wildland fires.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.03.042","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Liu, J., Vogelmann, J., Zhu, Z., Key, C.H., Sleeter, B.M., Price, D., Chen, J.M., Cochrane, M.A., Eidenshink, J.C., Howard, S.M., Bliss, N.B., and Jiang, H., 2011, Estimating California ecosystem carbon change using process model and land cover disturbance data: 1951-2000: Ecological Modelling, v. 222, no. 14, p. 2333-2341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.03.042.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2333","endPage":"2341","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218574,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.03.042"}],"volume":"222","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0afce4b0c8380cd524f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Jinxun 0000-0003-0561-8988 jxliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-8988","contributorId":3414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinxun","email":"jxliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":16604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Key, Carl H. carl_key@usgs.gov","contributorId":4138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"Carl","email":"carl_key@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":455065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Price, D.T.","contributorId":6651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chen, Jing M.","contributorId":202730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Jing","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cochrane, Mark A.","contributorId":20884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeffery C. eidenshink@usgs.gov","contributorId":1352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeffery","email":"eidenshink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":455058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Howard, Stephen M. 0000-0001-5255-5882 smhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-5882","contributorId":3483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Stephen","email":"smhoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jiang, Hong","contributorId":175217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Hong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27538,"text":"International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, Nanjing 210093","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":455066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70036236,"text":"70036236 - 2011 - Oligocene and Miocene arc volcanism in northeastern California: evidence for post-Eocene segmentation of the subducting Farallon plate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-23T09:31:15","indexId":"70036236","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oligocene and Miocene arc volcanism in northeastern California: evidence for post-Eocene segmentation of the subducting Farallon plate","docAbstract":"The Warner Range in northeastern California exposes a section of Tertiary rocks over 3 km thick, offering a unique opportunity to study the long-term history of Cascade arc volcanism in an area otherwise covered by younger volcanic rocks. The oldest locally sourced volcanic rocks in the Warner Range are Oligocene (28–24 Ma) and include a sequence of basalt and basaltic andesite lava flows overlain by hornblende and pyroxene andesite pyroclastic flows and minor lava flows. Both sequences vary in thickness (0–2 km) along strike and are inferred to be the erosional remnants of one or more large, partly overlapping composite volcanoes. No volcanic rocks were erupted in the Warner Range between ca. 24 and 16 Ma, although minor distally sourced silicic tuffs were deposited during this time. Arc volcanism resumed ca. 16 Ma with eruption of basalt and basaltic andesite lavas sourced from eruptive centers 5–10 km south of the relict Oligocene centers. Post–16 Ma arc volcanism continued until ca. 8 Ma, forming numerous eroded but well-preserved shield volcanoes to the south of the Warner Range. Oligocene to Late Miocene volcanic rocks in and around the Warner Range are calc-alkaline basalts to andesites (48%–61% SiO2) that display negative Ti, Nb, and Ta anomalies in trace element spider diagrams, consistent with an arc setting. Middle Miocene lavas in the Warner Range are distinctly different in age, composition, and eruptive style from the nearby Steens Basalt, with which they were previously correlated. Middle to Late Miocene shield volcanoes south of the Warner Range consist of homogeneous basaltic andesites (53%–57% SiO2) that are compositionally similar to Oligocene rocks in the Warner Range. They are distinctly different from younger (Late Miocene to Pliocene) high-Al, low-K olivine tholeiites, which are more mafic (46%–49% SiO2), did not build large edifices, and are thought to be related to backarc extension. The Warner Range is ∼100 km east of the axis of the modern arc in northeastern California, suggesting that the Cascade arc south of modern Mount Shasta migrated west during the Late Miocene and Pliocene, while the arc north of Mount Shasta remained in essentially the same position. We interpret these patterns as evidence for an Eocene to Miocene tear in the subducting slab, with a more steeply dipping plate segment to the north, and an initially more gently dipping segment to the south that gradually steepened from the Middle Miocene to the present.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00650.1","issn":"1553040X","usgsCitation":"Colgan, J., Egger, A., John, D., Cousens, B., Fleck, R., and Henry, C., 2011, Oligocene and Miocene arc volcanism in northeastern California: evidence for post-Eocene segmentation of the subducting Farallon plate: Geosphere, v. 7, no. 3, p. 733-755, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00650.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"733","endPage":"755","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218487,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00650.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d5fe4b0c8380cd750db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colgan, J.P.","contributorId":71678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Egger, A.E.","contributorId":70159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Egger","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"John, D. A.","contributorId":43748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cousens, B.","contributorId":61683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cousens","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fleck, R.J.","contributorId":25147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Henry, C.D.","contributorId":58306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032351,"text":"70032351 - 2011 - Duration and severity of Medieval drought in the Lake Tahoe Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-02T15:37:35","indexId":"70032351","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Duration and severity of Medieval drought in the Lake Tahoe Basin","docAbstract":"Droughts in the western U.S. in the past 200 years are small compared to several megadroughts that occurred during Medieval times. We reconstruct duration and magnitude of extreme droughts in the northern Sierra Nevada from hydroclimatic conditions in Fallen Leaf Lake, California. Stands of submerged trees rooted in situ below the lake surface were imaged with sidescan sonar and radiocarbon analysis yields an age estimate of ∼1250 AD. Tree-ring records and submerged paleoshoreline geomorphology suggest a Medieval low-stand of Fallen Leaf Lake lasted more than 220 years. Over eighty more trees were found lying on the lake floor at various elevations above the paleoshoreline. Water-balance calculations suggest annual precipitation was less than 60% normal from late 10th century to early 13th century AD. Hence, the lake’s shoreline dropped 40–60 m below its modern elevation. Stands of pre-Medieval trees in this lake and in Lake Tahoe suggest the region experienced severe drought at least every 650–1150 years during the mid- and late-Holocene. These observations quantify paleo-precipitation and recurrence of prolonged drought in the northern Sierra Nevada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.08.015","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Kleppe, J., Brothers, D., Kent, G., Biondi, F., Jensen, S., and Driscoll, N.W., 2011, Duration and severity of Medieval drought in the Lake Tahoe Basin: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 30, no. 23-24, p. 3269-3279, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.08.015.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3269","endPage":"3279","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475363,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4953","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213778,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.08.015"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.375,38.625 ], [ -120.375,39.375 ], [ -119.75,39.375 ], [ -119.75,38.625 ], [ -120.375,38.625 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"30","issue":"23-24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0418e4b0c8380cd507a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleppe, J.A.","contributorId":72212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleppe","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brothers, D.S.","contributorId":76953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kent, G.M.","contributorId":34729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biondi, F.","contributorId":48769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biondi","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jensen, S.","contributorId":47590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Driscoll, N. W.","contributorId":41093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70044014,"text":"70044014 - 2011 - Earthquake casualty models within the USGS Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-16T10:18:04","indexId":"70044014","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Earthquake casualty models within the USGS Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) system","docAbstract":"

Since the launch of the USGS’s Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) system in fall of 2007, the time needed for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to determine and comprehend the scope of any major earthquake disaster anywhere in the world has been dramatically reduced to less than 30 min. PAGER alerts consist of estimated shaking hazard from the ShakeMap system, estimates of population exposure at various shaking intensities, and a list of the most severely shaken cities in the epicentral area. These estimates help government, scientific, and relief agencies to guide their responses in the immediate aftermath of a significant earthquake. To account for wide variability and uncertainty associated with inventory, structural vulnerability and casualty data, PAGER employs three different global earthquake fatality/loss computation models. This article describes the development of the models and demonstrates the loss estimation capability for earthquakes that have occurred since 2007. The empirical model relies on country-specific earthquake loss data from past earthquakes and makes use of calibrated casualty rates for future prediction. The semi-empirical and analytical models are engineering-based and rely on complex datasets including building inventories, time-dependent population distributions within different occupancies, the vulnerability of regional building stocks, and casualty rates given structural collapse.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Human casualties in earthquakes: progress in modelling and mitigation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-90-481-9455-1_6","usgsCitation":"Jaiswal, K., Wald, D.J., Earle, P.S., Porter, K.A., and Hearne, M., 2011, Earthquake casualty models within the USGS Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) system, chap. of Human casualties in earthquakes: progress in modelling and mitigation, v. 29, p. 83-94, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9455-1_6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007955","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271421,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5178fee7e4b0d842c705f6fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaiswal, Kishor kjaiswal@usgs.gov","contributorId":861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"Kishor","email":"kjaiswal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Earle, Paul S. pearle@usgs.gov","contributorId":840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"Paul","email":"pearle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Porter, Keith A.","contributorId":28883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hearne, Mike 0000-0002-8225-2396 mhearne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8225-2396","contributorId":4659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearne","given":"Mike","email":"mhearne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036079,"text":"70036079 - 2011 - Alaska North Slope regional gas hydrate production modeling forecasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T20:40:58.45809","indexId":"70036079","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alaska North Slope regional gas hydrate production modeling forecasts","docAbstract":"

A series of gas hydrate development scenarios were created to assess the range of outcomes predicted for the possible development of the “Eileen” gas hydrate accumulation, North Slope, Alaska. Production forecasts for the “reference case” were built using the 2002 Mallik production tests, mechanistic simulation, and geologic studies conducted by the US Geological Survey. Three additional scenarios were considered: A “downside-scenario” which fails to identify viable production, an “upside-scenario” describes results that are better than expected. To capture the full range of possible outcomes and balance the downside case, an “extreme upside scenario” assumes each well is exceptionally productive.

Starting with a representative type-well simulation forecasts, field development timing is applied and the sum of individual well forecasts creating the field-wide production forecast. This technique is commonly used to schedule large-scale resource plays where drilling schedules are complex and production forecasts must account for many changing parameters. The complementary forecasts of rig count, capital investment, and cash flow can be used in a pre-appraisal assessment of potential commercial viability.

Since no significant gas sales are currently possible on the North Slope of Alaska, typical parameters were used to create downside, reference, and upside case forecasts that predict from 0 to 71 BM3 (2.5 tcf) of gas may be produced in 20 years and nearly 283 BM3 (10 tcf) ultimate recovery after 100 years.

Outlining a range of possible outcomes enables decision makers to visualize the pace and milestones that will be required to evaluate gas hydrate resource development in the Eileen accumulation. Critical values of peak production rate, time to meaningful production volumes, and investments required to rule out a downside case are provided. Upside cases identify potential if both depressurization and thermal stimulation yield positive results. An “extreme upside” case captures the full potential of unconstrained development with widely spaced wells. The results of this study indicate that recoverable gas hydrate resources may exist in the Eileen accumulation and that it represents a good opportunity for continued research.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.03.007","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Wilson, S., Hunter, R., Collett, T.S., Hancock, S., Boswell, R., and Anderson, B., 2011, Alaska North Slope regional gas hydrate production modeling forecasts: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 460-477, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.03.007.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"460","endPage":"477","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218448,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.03.007"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.255859375,\n 67.90861918215302\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 67.90861918215302\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 72.18180355624855\n ],\n [\n -167.255859375,\n 72.18180355624855\n ],\n [\n -167.255859375,\n 67.90861918215302\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e932e4b0c8380cd48157","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, S.J.","contributorId":93734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunter, R.B.","contributorId":29538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hancock, S.","contributorId":71742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hancock","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, B.J.","contributorId":70914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033854,"text":"70033854 - 2011 - Polar bear population status in the northern Beaufort Sea, Canada, 1971-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T12:54:58","indexId":"70033854","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polar bear population status in the northern Beaufort Sea, Canada, 1971-2006","docAbstract":"

Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the northern Beaufort Sea (NB) population occur on the perimeter of the polar basin adjacent to the northwestern islands of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Sea ice converges on the islands through most of the year. We used open-population capture–recapture models to estimate population size and vital rates of polar bears between 1971 and 2006 to: (1) assess relationships between survival, sex and age, and time period; (2) evaluate the long-term importance of sea ice quality and availability in relation to climate warming; and (3) note future management and conservation concerns. The highest-ranking models suggested that survival of polar bears varied by age class and with changes in the sea ice habitat. Model-averaged estimates of survival (which include harvest mortality) for senescent adults ranged from 0.37 to 0.62, from 0.22 to 0.68 for cubs of the year (COY) and yearlings, and from 0.77 to 0.92 for 2–4 year-olds and adults. Horvtiz-Thompson (HT) estimates of population size were not significantly different among the decades of our study. The population size estimated for the 2000s was 980 ± 155 (mean and 95% CI). These estimates apply primarily to that segment of the NB population residing west and south of Banks Island. The NB polar bear population appears to have been stable or possibly increasing slightly during the period of our study. This suggests that ice conditions have remained suitable and similar for feeding in summer and fall during most years and that the traditional and legal Inuvialuit harvest has not exceeded sustainable levels. However, the amount of ice remaining in the study area at the end of summer, and the proportion that continues to lie over the biologically productive continental shelf (<300 m water depth) has declined over the 35-year period of this study. If the climate continues to warm as predicted, we predict that the polar bear population in the northern Beaufort Sea will eventually decline. Management and conservation practices for polar bears in relation to both aboriginal harvesting and offshore industrial activity will need to adapt.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/10-0849.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Stirling, I., McDonald, T.L., Richardson, E., Regehr, E., and Amstrup, S.C., 2011, Polar bear population status in the northern Beaufort Sea, Canada, 1971-2006: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 3, p. 859-876, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0849.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"859","endPage":"876","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214150,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-0849.1"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7cc1e4b0c8380cd79b76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stirling, I.","contributorId":103615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, T. L.","contributorId":101211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richardson, E.S.","contributorId":47991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regehr, E.V.","contributorId":90937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regehr","given":"E.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":442846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034823,"text":"70034823 - 2011 - Modeling hot spring chemistries with applications to martian silica formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T11:53:26.05945","indexId":"70034823","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling hot spring chemistries with applications to martian silica formation","docAbstract":"

Many recent studies have implicated hydrothermal systems as the origin of martian minerals across a wide range of martian sites. Particular support for hydrothermal systems include silica (SiO2) deposits, in some cases >90% silica, in the Gusev Crater region, especially in the Columbia Hills and at Home Plate. We have developed a model called CHEMCHAU that can be used up to 100 °C to simulate hot springs associated with hydrothermal systems. The model was partially derived from FREZCHEM, which is a colder temperature model parameterized for broad ranges of temperature (<−70 to 25 °C), pressure (1–1000 bars), and chemical composition. We demonstrate the validity of Pitzer parameters, volumetric parameters, and equilibrium constants in the CHEMCHAU model for the Na–K–Mg–Ca–H–Cl–ClO4–SO4–OH–HCO3–CO3–CO2–O2–CH4–Si–H2O system up to 100 °C and apply the model to hot springs and silica deposits.

A theoretical simulation of silica and calcite equilibrium shows how calcite is least soluble with high pH and high temperatures, while silica behaves oppositely. Such influences imply that differences in temperature and pH on Mars could lead to very distinct mineral assemblages. Using measured solution chemistries of Yellowstone hot springs and Icelandic hot springs, we simulate salts formed during the evaporation of two low pH cases (high and low temperatures) and a high temperature, alkaline (high pH) sodic water. Simulation of an acid-sulfate case leads to precipitation of Fe and Al minerals along with silica. Consistency with martian mineral assemblages suggests that hot, acidic sulfate solutions are plausibility progenitors of minerals in the past on Mars. In the alkaline pH (8.45) simulation, formation of silica at high temperatures (355 K) led to precipitation of anhydrous minerals (CaSO4, Na2SO4) that was also the case for the high temperature (353 K) low pH case where anhydrous minerals (NaCl, CaSO4) also precipitated. Thus we predict that secondary minerals associated with massive silica deposits are plausible indicators on Mars of precipitation environments and aqueous chemistry. Theoretical model calculations are in reasonable agreement with independent experimental silica concentrations, which strengthens the validity of the new CHEMCHAU model.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2011.01.035","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Marion, G., Catling, D., Crowley, J., and Kargel, J., 2011, Modeling hot spring chemistries with applications to martian silica formation: Icarus, v. 212, no. 2, p. 629-642, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.01.035.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"642","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"212","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c00e4b0c8380cd6f972","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marion, G.M.","contributorId":44691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catling, D.C.","contributorId":78135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catling","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crowley, J.K.","contributorId":103690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032355,"text":"70032355 - 2011 - Origin of minor and trace element compositional diversity in anorthitic feldspar phenocrysts and melt inclusions from the Juan de Fuca Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T11:20:43","indexId":"70032355","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of minor and trace element compositional diversity in anorthitic feldspar phenocrysts and melt inclusions from the Juan de Fuca Ridge","docAbstract":"Melt inclusions trapped in phenocryst phases are important primarily due to their potential of preserving a significant proportion of the diversity of magma composition prior to modification of the parent magma array during transport through the crust. The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of formational and post-entrapment processes on the composition of melt inclusions hosted in high anorthite plagioclase in MORB. Our observations from three plagioclase ultra-phyric lavas from the Endeavor Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge document a narrow range of major elements and a dramatically greater range of minor and trace elements within most host plagioclase crystals. Observed host/inclusion partition coefficients for Ti are consistent with experimental determinations. In addition, observed values of DTi are independent of inclusion size and inclusion TiO2 content of the melt inclusion. These observations preclude significant effects from the re-homogenization process, entrapment of incompatible element boundary layers or dissolution/precipitation. The observed wide range of TiO2 contents in the host feldspar, and between bands of melt inclusions within individual crystals rule out modification of TiO contents by diffusion, either pre-eruption or due to re-homogenization. However, we do observe comparatively small ranges for values of K2O and Sr compared to P2O5 and TiO2 in both inclusions and crystals that can be attributed to diffusive processes that occurred prior to eruption.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1029/2011GC003778","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Adams, D.T., Nielsen, R.L., Kent, A., and Tepley, F.J., 2011, Origin of minor and trace element compositional diversity in anorthitic feldspar phenocrysts and melt inclusions from the Juan de Fuca Ridge: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 12, no. 12, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003778.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497373,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://admin.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/84f8e296-ef7b-4ddd-9885-f77ea5aff6f5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213841,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003778"}],"otherGeospatial":"Juan De Fuca Ridge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -130.233333,44.816667 ], [ -130.233333,48.310000 ], [ -130.100000,48.310000 ], [ -130.100000,44.816667 ], [ -130.233333,44.816667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"12","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70e7e4b0c8380cd7631f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, David T. 0000-0003-2679-2344","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2679-2344","contributorId":25531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, Roger L.","contributorId":32045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kent, Adam J. R.","contributorId":99842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Adam J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tepley, Frank J. III","contributorId":56112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tepley","given":"Frank","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033997,"text":"70033997 - 2011 - Understanding interaction effects of climate change and fire management on bird distributions through combined process and habitat models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T14:30:04.625608","indexId":"70033997","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding interaction effects of climate change and fire management on bird distributions through combined process and habitat models","docAbstract":"

Avian conservation efforts must account for changes in vegetation composition and structure associated with climate change. We modeled vegetation change and the probability of occurrence of birds to project changes in winter bird distributions associated with climate change and fire management in the northern Chihuahuan Desert (southwestern U.S.A.). We simulated vegetation change in a process-based model (Landscape and Fire Simulator) in which anticipated climate change was associated with doubling of current atmospheric carbon dioxide over the next 50 years. We estimated the relative probability of bird occurrence on the basis of statistical models derived from field observations of birds and data on vegetation type, topography, and roads. We selected 3 focal species, Scaled Quail (Callipepla squamata), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), and Rock Wren (Salpinctes obsoletus), that had a range of probabilities of occurrence for our study area. Our simulations projected increases in relative probability of bird occurrence in shrubland and decreases in grassland and Yucca spp. and ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens) vegetation. Generally, the relative probability of occurrence of all 3 species was highest in shrubland because leaf-area index values were lower in shrubland. This high probability of occurrence likely is related to the species' use of open vegetation for foraging. Fire suppression had little effect on projected vegetation composition because as climate changed there was less fuel and burned area. Our results show that if future water limits on plant type are considered, models that incorporate spatial data may suggest how and where different species of birds may respond to vegetation changes. 

","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01684.x","issn":"08888892","usgsCitation":"White, J., Gutzwiller, K.J., Barrow, W., Johnson-Randall, L., Zygo, L., and Swint, P., 2011, Understanding interaction effects of climate change and fire management on bird distributions through combined process and habitat models: Conservation Biology, v. 25, no. 3, p. 536-546, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01684.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"536","endPage":"546","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216808,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01684.x"},{"id":244700,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chihuahuan Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.533203125,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -111.533203125,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -101.337890625,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -101.337890625,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -111.533203125,\n 28.92163128242129\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc4be4b08c986b328b52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Joseph D.","contributorId":56077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Joseph D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutzwiller, Kevin J.","contributorId":101923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutzwiller","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie C. 0000-0003-4671-2823 barroww@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":1988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie C.","email":"barroww@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":443571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson-Randall, Lori 0000-0003-0100-994X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0100-994X","contributorId":43604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson-Randall","given":"Lori","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":443573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zygo, Lisa","contributorId":9898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zygo","given":"Lisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swint, Pamela","contributorId":32765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swint","given":"Pamela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034115,"text":"70034115 - 2011 - Assessment of field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl exposures and sorbent amendment using polychaete bioassays and passive sampler measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:20:13","indexId":"70034115","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl exposures and sorbent amendment using polychaete bioassays and passive sampler measurements","docAbstract":"

Field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure were evaluated by employing caged deposit-feeders, Neanthes arenaceodentata, along with polyoxymethylene (POM) samplers using parallel in situ and ex situ bioassays with homogenized untreated or activated carbon (AC) amended sediment. The AC amendment achieved a remedial efficiency in reducing bioaccumulation by 90% in the laboratory and by 44% in the field transplants. In situ measurements showed that PCB uptake by POM samplers was greater for POM placed in the surface sediment compared with the underlying AC amendment, suggesting that tidal exchange of surrounding material with similar PCB availability as untreated sediment was redeposited in the cages. Polychlorinated biphenyls bioaccumulation with caged polychaetes from untreated sediment was half as large under field conditions compared with laboratory conditions. A biodynamic model was used to confirm and quantify the different processes that could have influenced these results. Three factors appeared most influential in the bioassays: AC amendment significantly reduces bioavailability under laboratory and field conditions; sediment deposition within test cages in the field partially masks the remedial benefit of underlying AC-amended sediment; and deposit-feeders exhibit less PCB uptake from untreated sediment when feeding is reduced. Ex situ and in situ experiments inevitably show some differences that are associated with measurement methods and effects of the environment. Parallel ex situ and in situ bioassays, passive sampler measurements, and quantifying important processes with a model can tease apart these field influences. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.367","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Janssen, E., Oen, A., Luoma, S.N., and Luthy, R., 2011, Assessment of field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl exposures and sorbent amendment using polychaete bioassays and passive sampler measurements: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 1, p. 173-180, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.367.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee30e4b0c8380cd49bf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janssen, E.M.","contributorId":78582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oen, A.M.","contributorId":87782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oen","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luthy, R.G.","contributorId":36335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luthy","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032472,"text":"70032472 - 2011 - Three-dimensional surface deformation mapping by convensional interferometry and multiple aperture interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70032472","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Three-dimensional surface deformation mapping by convensional interferometry and multiple aperture interferometry","docAbstract":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique has been successfully used for mapping surface deformations [1-2], but it has been normally limited to a measurement along the radar line-of-sight (LOS) direction. For this reason, it is impossible to determine the north (N-S) component of surface deformation because of using data from near-polar orbiting satellites, and it is not sufficient to resolve the parameters of models for earthquakes and volcanic activities because there is a marked trade-off among model parameters [3]. ?? 2011 KIEES.","largerWorkTitle":"2011 3rd International Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, APSAR 2011","conferenceTitle":"2011 3rd International Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, APSAR 2011","conferenceDate":"26 September 2011 through 30 September 2011","conferenceLocation":"Seoul","language":"English","isbn":"9788993246179","usgsCitation":"Jung, H., Lu, Z., and Lee, C., 2011, Three-dimensional surface deformation mapping by convensional interferometry and multiple aperture interferometry, in 2011 3rd International Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, APSAR 2011, Seoul, 26 September 2011 through 30 September 2011, p. 30-31.","startPage":"30","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb34ae4b08c986b325cd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jung, H.-S.","contributorId":41068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"H.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, C.-W.","contributorId":31901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"C.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034401,"text":"70034401 - 2011 - Fluoride geochemistry of thermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: I. Aqueous fluoride speciation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T16:41:22","indexId":"70034401","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluoride geochemistry of thermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: I. Aqueous fluoride speciation","docAbstract":"

Thermal water samples from Yellowstone National Park (YNP) have a wide range of pH (1–10), temperature, and high concentrations of fluoride (up to 50 mg/l). High fluoride concentrations are found in waters with field pH higher than 6 (except those in Crater Hills) and temperatures higher than 50 °C based on data from more than 750 water samples covering most thermal areas in YNP from 1975 to 2008. In this study, more than 140 water samples from YNP collected in 2006–2009 were analyzed for free-fluoride activity by ion-selective electrode (ISE) method as an independent check on the reliability of fluoride speciation calculations. The free to total fluoride concentration ratio ranged from <1% at low pH values to >99% at high pH. The wide range in fluoride activity can be explained by strong complexing with H+ and Al3+ under acidic conditions and lack of complexing under basic conditions. Differences between the free-fluoride activities calculated with the WATEQ4F code and those measured by ISE were within 0.3–30% for more than 90% of samples at or above 10−6 molar, providing corroboration for chemical speciation models for a wide range of pH and chemistry of YNP thermal waters. Calculated speciation results show that free fluoride, F−, and major complexes (HF(aq)0\">HF(aq)0, AlF2+, AlF2+\">AlF2+and AlF30\">AlF30) account for more than 95% of total fluoride. Occasionally, some complex species like AlF4-\">AlF4-, FeF2+, FeF2+\">FeF2+, MgF+ and BF2(OH)2-\">BF2(OH)2- may comprise 1–10% when the concentrations of the appropriate components are high. According to the simulation results by PHREEQC and calculated results, the ratio of main fluoride species to total fluoride varies as a function of pH and the concentrations and ratios of F and Al.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.028","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Deng, Y., Nordstrom, D.K., and McCleskey, R.B., 2011, Fluoride geochemistry of thermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: I. Aqueous fluoride speciation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 75, no. 16, p. 4476-4489, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.028.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"4476","endPage":"4489","ipdsId":"IP-023276","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.05255126953125,\n 44.1151978766043\n ],\n [\n -110.12695312499999,\n 44.1151978766043\n ],\n [\n -110.12695312499999,\n 44.990055522906864\n ],\n [\n -111.05255126953125,\n 44.990055522906864\n ],\n [\n -111.05255126953125,\n 44.1151978766043\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1288e4b0c8380cd54343","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deng, Y.","contributorId":57686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deng","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036376,"text":"70036376 - 2011 - Sedimentary response to orogenic exhumation in the northern Rocky Mountain Basin and Range province, Flint Creek basin, west-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T14:31:52.912121","indexId":"70036376","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary response to orogenic exhumation in the northern Rocky Mountain Basin and Range province, Flint Creek basin, west-central Montana","docAbstract":"Middle Eocene through Upper Miocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Flint Creek basin in western Montana accumulated during a period of significant paleoclimatic change and extension across the northern Rocky Mountain Basin and Range province. Gravity modelling, borehole data, and geologic mapping from the Flint Creek basin indicate that subsidence was focused along an extensionally reactivated Sevier thrust fault, which accommodated up to 800 m of basin fill while relaying stress between the dextral transtensional Lewis and Clark lineament to the north and the Anaconda core complex to the south. Northwesterly paleocurrent indicators, foliated metamorphic lithics, 64 Ma (40Ar/39Ar) muscovite grains, and 76 Ma (U-Pb) zircons in a ca. 27 Ma arkosic sandstone are consistent with Oligocene exhumation and erosion of the Anaconda core complex. The core complex and volcanic and magmatic rocks in its hangingwall created an important drainage divide during the Paleogene shedding detritus to the NNW and ESE. Following a major period of Early Miocene tectonism and erosion, regional drainage networks were reorganized such that paleoflow in the Flint Creek basin flowed east into an internally drained saline lake system. Renewed tectonism during Middle to Late Miocene time reestablished a west-directed drainage that is recorded by fluvial strata within a Late Miocene paleovalley. These tectonic reorganizations and associated drainage divide explain observed discrepancies in provenance studies across the province. Regional correlation of unconformities and lithofacies mapping in the Flint Creek basin suggest that localized tectonism and relative base level fluctuations controlled lithostratigraphic architecture.","language":"English, French","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e10-107","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Portner, R., Hendrix, M., Stalker, J., Miggins, D.P., and Sheriff, S., 2011, Sedimentary response to orogenic exhumation in the northern Rocky Mountain Basin and Range province, Flint Creek basin, west-central Montana: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 48, no. 7, p. 1131-1153, https://doi.org/10.1139/e10-107.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1131","endPage":"1153","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a38e4b08c986b3170bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Portner, R.A.","contributorId":41685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Portner","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendrix, M.S.","contributorId":6300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendrix","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stalker, J.C.","contributorId":90143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stalker","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miggins, D. P.","contributorId":32367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miggins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sheriff, S.D.","contributorId":101001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheriff","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032362,"text":"70032362 - 2011 - Linking landscape characteristics to local grizzly bear abundance using multiple detection methods in a hierarchical model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T13:35:21","indexId":"70032362","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking landscape characteristics to local grizzly bear abundance using multiple detection methods in a hierarchical model","docAbstract":"

Few studies link habitat to grizzly bear Ursus arctos abundance and these have not accounted for the variation in detection or spatial autocorrelation. We collected and genotyped bear hair in and around Glacier National Park in northwestern Montana during the summer of 2000. We developed a hierarchical Markov chain Monte Carlo model that extends the existing occupancy and count models by accounting for (1) spatially explicit variables that we hypothesized might influence abundance; (2) separate sub-models of detection probability for two distinct sampling methods (hair traps and rub trees) targeting different segments of the population; (3) covariates to explain variation in each sub-model of detection; (4) a conditional autoregressive term to account for spatial autocorrelation; (5) weights to identify most important variables. Road density and per cent mesic habitat best explained variation in female grizzly bear abundance; spatial autocorrelation was not supported. More female bears were predicted in places with lower road density and with more mesic habitat. Detection rates of females increased with rub tree sampling effort. Road density best explained variation in male grizzly bear abundance and spatial autocorrelation was supported. More male bears were predicted in areas of low road density. Detection rates of males increased with rub tree and hair trap sampling effort and decreased over the sampling period. We provide a new method to (1) incorporate multiple detection methods into hierarchical models of abundance; (2) determine whether spatial autocorrelation should be included in final models. Our results suggest that the influence of landscape variables is consistent between habitat selection and abundance in this system.

","language":"English","publisher":"ZSL","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00471.x","issn":"13679430","usgsCitation":"Graves, T., Kendall, K.C., Royle, J., Stetz, J., and Macleod, A., 2011, Linking landscape characteristics to local grizzly bear abundance using multiple detection methods in a hierarchical model: Animal Conservation, v. 14, no. 6, p. 652-664, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00471.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"652","endPage":"664","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-016643","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213936,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00471.x"}],"volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47d6e4b0c8380cd679f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graves, T.A.","contributorId":93286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, Katherine C. 0000-0002-4831-2287 kkendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-2287","contributorId":3081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Katherine","email":"kkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":138865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stetz, J.B.","contributorId":74207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetz","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Macleod, A.C.","contributorId":41660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macleod","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034058,"text":"70034058 - 2011 - A decision-analytic approach to the optimal allocation of resources for endangered species consultation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T13:06:27","indexId":"70034058","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A decision-analytic approach to the optimal allocation of resources for endangered species consultation","docAbstract":"

The resources available to support conservation work, whether time or money, are limited. Decision makers need methods to help them identify the optimal allocation of limited resources to meet conservation goals, and decision analysis is uniquely suited to assist with the development of such methods. In recent years, a number of case studies have been described that examine optimal conservation decisions under fiscal constraints; here we develop methods to look at other types of constraints, including limited staff and regulatory deadlines. In the US, Section Seven consultation, an important component of protection under the federal Endangered Species Act, requires that federal agencies overseeing projects consult with federal biologists to avoid jeopardizing species. A benefit of consultation is negotiation of project modifications that lessen impacts on species, so staff time allocated to consultation supports conservation. However, some offices have experienced declining staff, potentially reducing the efficacy of consultation. This is true of the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Washington Fish and Wildlife Office (WFWO) and its consultation work on federally-threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). To improve effectiveness, WFWO managers needed a tool to help allocate this work to maximize conservation benefits. We used a decision-analytic approach to score projects based on the value of staff time investment, and then identified an optimal decision rule for how scored projects would be allocated across bins, where projects in different bins received different time investments. We found that, given current staff, the optimal decision rule placed 80% of informal consultations (those where expected effects are beneficial, insignificant, or discountable) in a short bin where they would be completed without negotiating changes. The remaining 20% would be placed in a long bin, warranting an investment of seven days, including time for negotiation. For formal consultations (those where expected effects are significant), 82% of projects would be placed in a long bin, with an average time investment of 15. days. The WFWO is using this decision-support tool to help allocate staff time. Because workload allocation decisions are iterative, we describe a monitoring plan designed to increase the tool's efficacy over time. This work has general application beyond Section Seven consultation, in that it provides a framework for efficient investment of staff time in conservation when such time is limited and when regulatory deadlines prevent an unconstrained approach. ?? 2010.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.009","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Converse, S.J., Shelley, K.J., Morey, S., Chan, J., LaTier, A., Scafidi, C., Crouse, D.T., and Runge, M.C., 2011, A decision-analytic approach to the optimal allocation of resources for endangered species consultation: Biological Conservation, v. 144, no. 1, p. 319-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.009.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"329","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216717,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.009"}],"volume":"144","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3aae4b0c8380cd46174","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":3513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":443857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelley, Kevin J.","contributorId":173713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shelley","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morey, Steve","contributorId":147048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morey","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":443862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chan, Jeffrey","contributorId":173712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chan","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LaTier, Andrea","contributorId":173711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaTier","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scafidi, Carolyn","contributorId":173710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scafidi","given":"Carolyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crouse, Deborah T.","contributorId":173709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crouse","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034132,"text":"70034132 - 2011 - Changes in agricultural cropland areas between a water-surplus year and a water-deficit year impacting food security, determined using MODIS 250 m time-series data and spectral matching techniques, in the Krishna river basin (India)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T16:16:51","indexId":"70034132","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in agricultural cropland areas between a water-surplus year and a water-deficit year impacting food security, determined using MODIS 250 m time-series data and spectral matching techniques, in the Krishna river basin (India)","docAbstract":"

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in cropland areas as a result of water availability using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250 m time-series data and spectral matching techniques (SMTs). The study was conducted in the Krishna River basin in India, a very large river basin with an area of 265 752 km2 (26 575 200 ha), comparing a water-surplus year (2000–2001) and a water-deficit year (2002–2003). The MODIS 250 m time-series data and SMTs were found ideal for agricultural cropland change detection over large areas and provided fuzzy classification accuracies of 61–100% for various land‐use classes and 61–81% for the rain-fed and irrigated classes. The most mixing change occurred between rain-fed cropland areas and informally irrigated (e.g. groundwater and small reservoir) areas. Hence separation of these two classes was the most difficult. The MODIS 250 m-derived irrigated cropland areas for the districts were highly correlated with the Indian Bureau of Statistics data, with R 2-values between 0.82 and 0.86.

The change in the net area irrigated was modest, with an irrigated area of 8 669 881 ha during the water-surplus year, as compared with 7 718 900 ha during the water-deficit year. However, this is quite misleading as most of the major changes occurred in cropping intensity, such as changing from higher intensity to lower intensity (e.g. from double crop to single crop). The changes in cropping intensity of the agricultural cropland areas that took place in the water-deficit year (2002–2003) when compared with the water-surplus year (2000–2001) in the Krishna basin were: (a) 1 078 564 ha changed from double crop to single crop, (b) 1 461 177 ha changed from continuous crop to single crop, (c) 704 172 ha changed from irrigated single crop to fallow and (d) 1 314 522 ha changed from minor irrigation (e.g. tanks, small reservoirs) to rain-fed. These are highly significant changes that will have strong impact on food security. Such changes may be expected all over the world in a changing climate.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161003749485","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Gumma, M., Thenkabail, P.S., Muralikrishna, I., Velpuri, N.M., Gangadhararao, P., Dheeravath, V., Biradar, C., Nalan, S., and Gaur, A., 2011, Changes in agricultural cropland areas between a water-surplus year and a water-deficit year impacting food security, determined using MODIS 250 m time-series data and spectral matching techniques, in the Krishna river basin (India): International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 32, no. 12, p. 3495-3520, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161003749485.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"3495","endPage":"3520","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216904,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161003749485"},{"id":244805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f409e4b0c8380cd4bad7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gumma, Murali Krishna","contributorId":50426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumma","given":"Murali Krishna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muralikrishna, I.V.","contributorId":31234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muralikrishna","given":"I.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926 nvelpuri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":4441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"nvelpuri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":444251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gangadhararao, P.T.","contributorId":19406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gangadhararao","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dheeravath, V.","contributorId":55234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dheeravath","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Biradar, C.M.","contributorId":35563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biradar","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nalan, S.A.","contributorId":7110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalan","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gaur, A.","contributorId":74603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaur","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70192879,"text":"70192879 - 2011 - The regionalization of national-scale SPARROW models for stream nutrients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T10:26:55","indexId":"70192879","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The regionalization of national-scale SPARROW models for stream nutrients","docAbstract":"

This analysis modifies the parsimonious specification of recently published total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) national-scale SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes models to allow each model coefficient to vary geographically among three major river basins of the conterminous United States. Regionalization of the national models reduces the standard errors in the prediction of TN and TP loads, expressed as a percentage of the predicted load, by about 6 and 7%. We develop and apply a method for combining national-scale and regional-scale information to estimate a hybrid model that imposes cross-region constraints that limit regional variation in model coefficients, effectively reducing the number of free model parameters as compared to a collection of independent regional models. The hybrid TN and TP regional models have improved model fit relative to the respective national models, reducing the standard error in the prediction of loads, expressed as a percentage of load, by about 5 and 4%. Only 19% of the TN hybrid model coefficients and just 2% of the TP hybrid model coefficients show evidence of substantial regional specificity (more than ±100% deviation from the national model estimate). The hybrid models have much greater precision in the estimated coefficients than do the unconstrained regional models, demonstrating the efficacy of pooling information across regions to improve regional models.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00581.x","usgsCitation":"Schwarz, G., Alexander, R.B., Smith, R.A., and Preston, S.D., 2011, The regionalization of national-scale SPARROW models for stream nutrients: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 1151-1172, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00581.x.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1172","ipdsId":"IP-023218","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00581.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6107fee4b06e28e9c25640","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":717280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Richard A. 0000-0003-2117-2269 rsmith1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-2269","contributorId":580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rsmith1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Preston, Stephen D. 0000-0003-1515-6692 spreston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-6692","contributorId":1463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Stephen","email":"spreston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}