{"pageNumber":"769","pageRowStart":"19200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40778,"records":[{"id":70033785,"text":"70033785 - 2011 - Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California's Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T13:34:13","indexId":"70033785","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California's Central Valley","docAbstract":"Mass loadings were calculated for four pesticides in two watersheds with different land uses in the Central Valley, California, by using two parametric models: (1) the Seasonal Wave model (SeaWave), in which a pulse signal is used to describe the annual cycle of pesticide occurrence in a stream, and (2) the Sine Wave model, in which first-order Fourier series sine and cosine terms are used to simulate seasonal mass loading patterns. The models were applied to data collected during water years 1997 through 2005. The pesticides modeled were carbaryl, diazinon, metolachlor, and molinate. Results from the two models show that the ability to capture seasonal variations in pesticide concentrations was affected by pesticide use patterns and the methods by which pesticides are transported to streams. Estimated seasonal loads compared well with results from previous studies for both models. Loads estimated by the two models did not differ significantly from each other, with the exceptions of carbaryl and molinate during the precipitation season, where loads were affected by application patterns and rainfall. However, in watersheds with variable and intermittent pesticide applications, the SeaWave model is more suitable for use on the basis of its robust capability of describing seasonal variation of pesticide concentrations. ?? 2010 American Water Resources Association. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Saleh, D., Lorenz, D., and Domagalski, J.L., 2011, Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California's Central Valley: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 2, p. 254-264, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x.","startPage":"254","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214529,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f849e4b0c8380cd4cfc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saleh, D.K. 0000-0002-1406-9303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-9303","contributorId":82748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saleh","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, D. L.","contributorId":10776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036109,"text":"70036109 - 2011 - No correlation between Anderson Reservoir stage level and underlying Calaveras fault seismicity despite calculated differential stress increases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T19:19:03.490885","indexId":"70036109","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2626,"text":"Lithosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"No correlation between Anderson Reservoir stage level and underlying Calaveras fault seismicity despite calculated differential stress increases","docAbstract":"<p><span>Concerns have been raised that stresses from reservoir impoundment may trigger damaging earthquakes because rate changes have been associated with reservoir impoundment or stage-level changes globally. Here, the idea is tested blindly using Anderson Reservoir, which lies atop the seismically active Calaveras fault. The only knowledge held by the author going into the study was the expectation that reservoir levels change cyclically because of seasonal rainfall. Examination of seismicity rates near the reservoir reveals variability, but no correlation with stage-level changes. Three-dimensional finite-element modeling shows stress changes sufficient for earthquake triggering along the Calaveras fault zone. Since many of the reported cases of induced triggering come from low-strain settings, it is speculated that gradual stressing from stage-level changes in high-strain settings may not be significant. From this study, it can be concluded that reservoirs are not necessarily risky in active tectonic settings.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Lithosphere","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/L148.1","issn":"19418264","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., 2011, No correlation between Anderson Reservoir stage level and underlying Calaveras fault seismicity despite calculated differential stress increases: Lithosphere, v. 3, no. 4, p. 261-264, https://doi.org/10.1130/L148.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475442,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/l148.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218389,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/L148.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Anderson Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.958984375,\n              36.84446074079564\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.89355468749999,\n              36.84446074079564\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.89355468749999,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.958984375,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.958984375,\n              36.84446074079564\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6708e4b0c8380cd73136","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036816,"text":"70036816 - 2011 - New aerial survey and hierarchical model to estimate manatee abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-16T19:11:32.387533","indexId":"70036816","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New aerial survey and hierarchical model to estimate manatee abundance","docAbstract":"<p>Monitoring the response of endangered and protected species to hydrological restoration is a major component of the adaptive management framework of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. The endangered Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) lives at the marine-freshwater interface in southwest Florida and is likely to be affected by hydrologic restoration. To provide managers with prerestoration information on distribution and abundance for postrestoration comparison, we developed and implemented a new aerial survey design and hierarchical statistical model to estimate and map abundance of manatees as a function of patch-specific habitat characteristics, indicative of manatee requirements for offshore forage (seagrass), inland fresh drinking water, and warm-water winter refuge. We estimated the number of groups of manatees from dual-observer counts and estimated the number of individuals within groups by removal sampling. Our model is unique in that we jointly analyzed group and individual counts using assumptions that allow probabilities of group detection to depend on group size. Ours is the first analysis of manatee aerial surveys to model spatial and temporal abundance of manatees in association with habitat type while accounting for imperfect detection. We conducted the study in the Ten Thousand Islands area of southwestern Florida, USA, which was expected to be affected by the Picayune Strand Restoration Project to restore hydrology altered for a failed real-estate development. We conducted 11 surveys in 2006, spanning the cold, dry season and warm, wet season. To examine short-term and seasonal changes in distribution we flew paired surveys 1–2 days apart within a given month during the year. Manatees were sparsely distributed across the landscape in small groups. Probability of detection of a group increased with group size; the magnitude of the relationship between group size and detection probability varied among surveys. Probability of detection of individual manatees within a group also differed among surveys, ranging from a low of 0.27 on 11 January to a high of 0.73 on 8 August. During winter surveys, abundance was always higher inland at Port of the Islands (POI), a manatee warm-water aggregation site, than in the other habitat types. During warm-season surveys, highest abundances were estimated in offshore habitat where manatees forage on seagrass. Manatees continued to use POI in summer, but in lower numbers than in winter, possibly to drink freshwater. Abundance in other inland systems and inshore bays was low compared to POI in winter and summer, possibly because of low availability of freshwater. During cold weather, maps of patch abundance of paired surveys showed daily changes in manatee distribution associated with rapid changes in air and water temperature as manatees sought warm water with falling temperatures and seagrass areas with increasing temperatures. Within a habitat type, some patches had higher manatee abundance suggesting differences in quality, possibly due to freshwater flow. If hydrological restoration alters the location of quality habitat, postrestoration comparisons using our methods will document how manatees adjust to new resources, providing managers with information on spatial needs for further monitoring or management. Total abundance for the entire area was similar among survey dates. Credible intervals however were large on a few surveys, and may limit our ability to statistically detect trends in total abundance. Additional modeling of abundance with time- and patch-specific covariates of salinity, water temperature, and seagrass abundance will directly link manatee abundance with physical and biological changes due to restoration and should decrease uncertainty of estimates</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.41","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Langtimm, C.A., Dorazio, R., Stith, B., and Doyle, T., 2011, New aerial survey and hierarchical model to estimate manatee abundance: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 2, p. 399-412, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.41.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"412","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217457,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.41"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Ten Thousand Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.76986694335938,\n              25.81101826700782\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.45263671875,\n              25.81101826700782\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.45263671875,\n              26.061717616104055\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.76986694335938,\n              26.061717616104055\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.76986694335938,\n              25.81101826700782\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6550e4b0c8380cd72b68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langtimm, Catherine A. 0000-0001-8499-5743 clangtimm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":3045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langtimm","given":"Catherine","email":"clangtimm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":172151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stith, B.M.","contributorId":53741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stith","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doyle, T.J.","contributorId":103489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036441,"text":"70036441 - 2011 - High-resolution three-dimensional imaging and analysis of rock falls in Yosemite valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T11:03:37","indexId":"70036441","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution three-dimensional imaging and analysis of rock falls in Yosemite valley, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present quantitative analyses of recent large rock falls in Yosemite Valley, California, using integrated high-resolution imaging techniques. Rock falls commonly occur from the glacially sculpted granitic walls of Yosemite Valley, modifying this iconic landscape but also posing significant potential hazards and risks. Two large rock falls occurred from the cliff beneath Glacier Point in eastern Yosemite Valley on 7 and 8 October 2008, causing minor injuries and damaging structures in a developed area. We used a combination of gigapixel photography, airborne laser scanning (ALS) data, and ground-based terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data to characterize the rock-fall detachment surface and adjacent cliff area, quantify the rock-fall volume, evaluate the geologic structure that contributed to failure, and assess the likely failure mode. We merged the ALS and TLS data to resolve the complex, vertical to overhanging topography of the Glacier Point area in three dimensions, and integrated these data with gigapixel photographs to fully image the cliff face in high resolution. Three-dimensional analysis of repeat TLS data reveals that the cumulative failure consisted of a near-planar rock slab with a maximum length of 69.0 m, a mean thickness of 2.1 m, a detachment surface area of 2750 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>, and a volume of 5663 ± 36 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>. Failure occurred along a surface-parallel, vertically oriented sheeting joint in a clear example of granitic exfoliation. Stress concentration at crack tips likely propagated fractures through the partially attached slab, leading to failure. Our results demonstrate the utility of high-resolution imaging techniques for quantifying far-range (&gt;1 km) rock falls occurring from the largely inaccessible, vertical rock faces of Yosemite Valley, and for providing highly accurate and precise data needed for rock-fall hazard assessment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00617.1","issn":"1553040X","usgsCitation":"Stock, G.M., Bawden, G.W., Green, J., Hanson, E., Downing, G., Collins, B.D., Bond, S., and Leslar, M., 2011, High-resolution three-dimensional imaging and analysis of rock falls in Yosemite valley, California: Geosphere, v. 7, no. 2, p. 573-581, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00617.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"581","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475299,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00617.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218177,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00617.1"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a313ae4b0c8380cd5dd3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stock, Gregory M.","contributorId":7493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bawden, Gerald W. gbawden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"Gerald","email":"gbawden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, J.K.","contributorId":93746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanson, E.","contributorId":23796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Downing, G.","contributorId":69828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Collins, Brian D. 0000-0003-4881-5359 bcollins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4881-5359","contributorId":149278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bond, Sandra 0000-0003-0522-5287 sbond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-5287","contributorId":3328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"Sandra","email":"sbond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Leslar, M.","contributorId":17862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslar","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036439,"text":"70036439 - 2011 - Location and agricultural practices influence spring use of harvested cornfields by cranes and geese in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-11T17:41:48.795813","indexId":"70036439","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Location and agricultural practices influence spring use of harvested cornfields by cranes and geese in Nebraska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Millions of ducks, geese, and sandhill cranes (</span><i>Grus canadensis</i><span>; hereafter cranes) stop in the Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) of Nebraska to store nutrients for migration and reproduction by consuming corn remaining in fields after harvest. We examined factors that influence use of cornfields by cranes and geese (all mid‐continent species combined; e.g.,&nbsp;</span><i>Anser</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Chen</i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>Branta</i><span>&nbsp;spp.) because it is a key step to efficient conservation planning aimed at ensuring that adequate food resources are available to migratory birds stopping in the CPRV. Distance to night‐time roost site, segment of the CPRV (west to east), and agricultural practices (post‐harvest treatment of cornfields: idle, grazed, mulched, mulched and grazed, and tilled) were the most important and influential variables in our models for geese and cranes. Probability of cornfield use by geese and cranes decreased with increasing distance from the closest potential roosting site. The use of cornfields by geese increased with the density of corn present there during the early migration period, but field use by cranes appeared not to be influenced by early migration corn density. However, probability of cornfield use by cranes did increase with the amount of wet grassland habitat within 4.8 km of the field. Geese were most likely to use fields that were tilled and least likely to use fields that were mulched and grazed. Cranes were most likely to use fields that were mulched and least likely to use fields that were tilled, but grazing appeared not to influence the likelihood of field use by cranes. Geese were more likely to use cornfields in western segments of the CPRV, but cranes were more likely to use cornfields in eastern segments. Our data suggest that managers could favor crane use of fields and reduce direct competition with geese by reducing fall and spring tilling and increasing mulching. Moreover, crane conservation efforts would be most beneficial if they were focused in the eastern portions of the CPRV and in fields as close as possible to both known roosting and large amounts of wet grassland habitats.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.135","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Anteau, M.J., Sherfy, M.H., and Bishop, A., 2011, Location and agricultural practices influence spring use of harvested cornfields by cranes and geese in Nebraska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 5, p. 1004-1011, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.135.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1004","endPage":"1011","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218147,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.135"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Central Platte River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.6240234375,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.55810546875,\n              40.56389453066509\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.41552734375,\n              40.56389453066509\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.06396484375,\n              40.730608477796636\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.02001953125,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.6572265625,\n              40.93011520598305\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.6240234375,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4903e4b0c8380cd682d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherfy, Mark H. 0000-0003-3016-4105 msherfy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-4105","contributorId":125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherfy","given":"Mark","email":"msherfy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, A.A.","contributorId":48423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036114,"text":"70036114 - 2011 - Channel morphometry, sediment transport, and implications for tectonic activity and surficial ages of Titan basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T18:02:51.794264","indexId":"70036114","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel morphometry, sediment transport, and implications for tectonic activity and surficial ages of Titan basins","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fluvial features on Titan and drainage basins on Earth are remarkably similar despite differences in gravity and surface composition. We determined network bifurcation (</span><i>R<sub>b</sub></i><span>) ratios for five Titan and three terrestrial analog basins. Tectonically-modified Earth basins have&nbsp;</span><i>R<sub>b</sub></i><span>&nbsp;values greater than the expected range (3.0–5.0) for dendritic networks; comparisons with&nbsp;</span><i>R<sub>b</sub></i><span>&nbsp;values determined for Titan basins, in conjunction with similarities in network patterns, suggest that portions of Titan’s north polar region are modified by tectonic forces. Sufficient elevation data existed to calculate bed slope and potential fluvial sediment transport rates in at least one Titan basin, indicating that 75</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mm water ice grains (observed at the Huygens landing site) should be readily entrained given sufficient flow depths of liquid hydrocarbons. Volumetric sediment transport estimates suggest that ∼6700–10,000 Titan years (∼2.0–3.0</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>×</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>10</span><sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;Earth years) are required to erode this basin to its minimum relief (assuming constant 1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m and 1.5</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m flows); these lowering rates increase to ∼27,000–41,000 Titan years (∼8.0–12.0</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>×</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>10</span><sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;Earth years) when flows in the north polar region are restricted to summer months.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.011","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Cartwright, R., Clayton, J., and Kirk, R.L., 2011, Channel morphometry, sediment transport, and implications for tectonic activity and surficial ages of Titan basins: Icarus, v. 214, no. 2, p. 561-570, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.011.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"570","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218478,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.011"}],"volume":"214","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f458e4b0c8380cd4bc97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cartwright, R.","contributorId":54838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clayton, J.A.","contributorId":71799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035429,"text":"70035429 - 2011 - Invertebrate availability and vegetation characteristics explain use of nonnesting cover types by mature-forest songbirds during the postfledging period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-24T18:56:16.347009","indexId":"70035429","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invertebrate availability and vegetation characteristics explain use of nonnesting cover types by mature-forest songbirds during the postfledging period","docAbstract":"<p><span>Some species of mature‐forest‐nesting songbirds use regenerating clearcuts and forested wetlands during the postfledging period (between nesting and migration). Relatively dense vegetation structure and abundant food resources in non‐mature‐forest cover types have been hypothesized to explain this phenomenon. We examined the relative importance of vegetation structure and invertebrate availability on use of nonnesting cover types by adult and hatch‐year Ovenbirds (</span><i>Seiurus aurocapilla</i><span>) and American Redstarts (</span><i>Setophaga ruticilla</i><span>) during the postfledging period of 2009 in northern Minnesota. We used mist nets to sample bird use of forested wetlands and regenerating clearcuts of three age groups: 1–6, 7–12, and 16–19 yr after harvest. We modeled captures of birds using vegetation characteristics and invertebrate availability sampled around nets as explanatory variables. For all birds studied, captures were best explained by food availability and secondarily by vegetation characteristics including litter depth and woody debris for Ovenbirds and canopy height for American Redstarts. Shrub‐level invertebrate availability received a cumulative weight of 0.74–0.99 in Akaike's information criterion corrected ranked models for adult and hatch‐year birds of both species. Vegetation density and variation in vegetation density explained almost no variation in captures of either species. We conclude that both invertebrate availability and some vegetation characteristics influence use of nonnesting cover types by Ovenbirds and American Redstarts during the postfledging period, but that invertebrate availability is generally the stronger predictor of that use.</span></p>","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00343.x","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Streby, H.M., Peterson, S.M., and Andersen, D., 2011, Invertebrate availability and vegetation characteristics explain use of nonnesting cover types by mature-forest songbirds during the postfledging period: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 82, no. 4, p. 406-414, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00343.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"406","endPage":"414","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215381,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00343.x"}],"volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e59e4b0c8380cd63cdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Streby, Henry M.","contributorId":11024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streby","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":450621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Sean M.","contributorId":9354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13013,"text":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":450620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":450622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036418,"text":"70036418 - 2011 - Patterns of coral disease across the Hawaiian Archipelago: Relating disease to environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:02:25","indexId":"70036418","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of coral disease across the Hawaiian Archipelago: Relating disease to environment","docAbstract":"<p>In Hawaii, coral reefs occur across a gradient of biological (host abundance), climatic (sea surface temperature anomalies) and anthropogenic conditions from the human-impacted reefs of the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) to the pristine reefs of the northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Coral disease surveys were conducted at 142 sites from across the Archipelago and disease patterns examined. Twelve diseases were recorded from three coral genera (Porites, Montipora, Acropora) with Porites having the highest prevalence. Porites growth anomalies (PorGAs) were significantly more prevalent within and indicative of reefs in the MHI and Porites trematodiasis (PorTrm) was significantly more prevalent within and indicative of reefs in the NWHI. Porites tissue loss syndrome (PorTLS) was also important in driving regional differences but that relationship was less clear. These results highlight the importance of understanding disease ecology when interpreting patterns of disease occurrence. PorTrm is caused by a parasitic flatworm that utilizes multiple hosts during its life cycle (fish, mollusk and coral). All three hosts must be present for the disease to occur and higher host abundance leads to higher disease prevalence. Thus, a high prevalence of PorTrm on Hawaiian reefs would be an indicator of a healthy coral reef ecosystem. In contrast, the high occurrence of PorGAs within the MHI suggests that PorGAs are related, directly or indirectly, to some environmental co-factor associated with increased human population sizes. Focusing on the three indicator diseases (PorGAs, PorTrm, PorTLS) we used statistical modeling to examine the underlying associations between disease prevalence and 14 different predictor variables (biotic and abiotic). All three diseases showed positive associations with host abundance and negative associations with thermal stress. The association with human population density differed among disease states with PorGAs showing a positive and PorTrm showing a negative association, but no significant explanatory power was offered for PorTLS.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0020370","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Aeby, G., Williams, G., Franklin, E., Kenyon, J., Cox, E., Coles, S., and Work, T.M., 2011, Patterns of coral disease across the Hawaiian Archipelago: Relating disease to environment: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 5, e20370; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020370.","productDescription":"e20370; 13 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475093,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020370","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218317,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020370"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -178.8134765625,\n              28.14950321154457\n            ],\n            [\n              -177.275390625,\n              27.60567082646547\n            ],\n            [\n              -175.693359375,\n              27.21555620902969\n            ],\n            [\n              -174.0673828125,\n              25.522614647623293\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.4306640625,\n              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J.","contributorId":85447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenyon","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cox, E.F.","contributorId":50271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coles, S.","contributorId":25805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coles","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":34078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035527,"text":"70035527 - 2011 - Passage and behaviour of cultured Lake Sturgeon in a prototype side-baffle fish ladder: I. Ladder hydraulics and fish ascent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T20:26:15.705117","indexId":"70035527","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Passage and behaviour of cultured Lake Sturgeon in a prototype side-baffle fish ladder: I. Ladder hydraulics and fish ascent","docAbstract":"<p><span>Research and development of a fish ladder for sturgeons requires understanding ladder hydraulics and sturgeon behaviour in the ladder to insure the ladder is safe and provides effective passage. After years of research and development, we designed and constructed a full‐scale prototype side‐baffle ladder inside a spiral flume (38.3 m long × 1 m wide × 1 m high) on a 6% (1 : 16.5) slope with a 1.92‐m rise in elevation (bottom to top) to test use by sturgeons. Twenty‐eight triangular side baffles, each extending part way across the flume, alternated from inside wall to outside wall down the ladder creating two major flow habitats: a continuous, sinusoidal flow down the ladder through the vertical openings of side‐baffles and an eddy below each side baffle. Ascent and behaviour was observed on 22 cultured Lake Sturgeon = LS (</span><i>Acipenser fulvescens</i><span>) repeatedly tested in groups as juveniles (as small as 105.1 cm TL, mean) or as adults (mean TL, 118 cm) during four periods (fall 2002 and 2003; spring 2003 and 2007). Percent of juveniles entering the ladder that ascended to the top was greater in spring (72.7%) than in fall (40.9–45.5%) and 90.9% of 11 adults, which ascended as juveniles, ascended to the top. Six LS (27.3%) never swam to the top and seven (31.8%) swam to the top in all tests, indicating great variability among individuals for ascent drive. Some LS swam directly to the top in &lt;1 min, but most rested in an eddy during ascent. Juveniles swimming through outside wall baffle slots (mean velocity, 1.2 m s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) swam at 1.8–2.2 body lengths s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;and 3.2–3.3 tail beats s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, either at or approaching prolonged swimming speed. The side‐baffle ladder was stream‐like and provided key factors for a sturgeon ladder: a continuous flow and no full cross‐channel walls, abundant eddies for resting, an acceptable water depth, and a water velocity fish could ascend swimming 2 bl s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. A side‐baffle ladder passes LS and other moderate‐swimming fishes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01831.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Kynard, B., Pugh, D., and Parker, T., 2011, Passage and behaviour of cultured Lake Sturgeon in a prototype side-baffle fish ladder: I. Ladder hydraulics and fish ascent: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 27, no. SUPPL. 2, p. 77-88, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01831.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"88","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475622,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01831.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216154,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01831.x"}],"volume":"27","issue":"SUPPL. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a756fe4b0c8380cd77b4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pugh, D.","contributorId":99367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugh","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, T.","contributorId":90901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036416,"text":"70036416 - 2011 - Transitions of interaction outcomes in a uni-directional consumer-resource system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-12T17:24:25.30292","indexId":"70036416","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2475,"text":"Journal of Theoretical Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transitions of interaction outcomes in a uni-directional consumer-resource system","docAbstract":"<p><span>A uni-directional&nbsp;consumer–resource system&nbsp;of two species is analyzed. Our aim is to understand the mechanisms that determine how the interaction outcomes depend on the context of the interaction; that is, on the model parameters. The dynamic behavior of the model is described and, in particular, it is demonstrated that no periodic orbits exist. Then the parameter (factor) space is shown to be divided into four regions, which correspond to the four forms of interaction outcomes; i.e.&nbsp;</span>mutualism<span>,&nbsp;commensalism,&nbsp;parasitism&nbsp;and amensalism. It is shown that the interaction outcomes of the system transition smoothly among these four forms when the parameters of the system are varied continuously. Varying each parameter individually or varying pairs of parameters can also lead to smooth transitions between the interaction outcomes. The analysis leads to both conditions for which each species achieves its maximal density, and situations in which periodic oscillations of the interaction outcomes emerge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.03.038","issn":"00225193","usgsCitation":"Wang, Y., and DeAngelis, D.L., 2011, Transitions of interaction outcomes in a uni-directional consumer-resource system: Journal of Theoretical Biology, v. 280, no. 1, p. 43-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.03.038.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"49","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218286,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.03.038"}],"volume":"280","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb716e4b08c986b327056","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Y.","contributorId":64213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":148065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035705,"text":"70035705 - 2011 - Critical nitrogen deposition loads in high-elevation lakes of the western US inferred from paleolimnological records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-16T21:05:54.464629","indexId":"70035705","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Critical nitrogen deposition loads in high-elevation lakes of the western US inferred from paleolimnological records","docAbstract":"<p><span>Critical loads of nitrogen (N) from atmospheric deposition were determined for alpine lake ecosystems in the western US using fossil diatom assemblages in lake sediment cores. Changes in diatom species over the last century were indicative of N enrichment in two areas, the eastern Sierra Nevada, starting between 1960 and 1965, and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, starting in 1980. In contrast, no changes in diatom community structure were apparent in lakes of Glacier National Park. To determine critical N loads that elicited these community changes, we modeled wet nitrogen deposition rates for the period in which diatom shifts first occurred in each area using deposition data spanning from 1980 to 2007. We determined a critical load of 1.4&nbsp;kg N ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;wet N deposition to elicit key nutrient enrichment effects on diatom communities in both the eastern Sierra Nevada and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s11270-010-0526-6","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Saros, J., Clow, D.W., Blett, T., and Wolfe, A., 2011, Critical nitrogen deposition loads in high-elevation lakes of the western US inferred from paleolimnological records: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 216, no. 1-4, p. 193-202, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0526-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"202","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475312,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.600.6954","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216312,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0526-6"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Lakes of the Western US","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.94873046875,\n              38.95940879245423\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.4873046875,\n              37.92686760148135\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.47656249999999,\n              37.142803443716836\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.125,\n              37.61423141542417\n            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            48.019324184801185\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.3681640625,\n              48.96579381461063\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"216","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcb3e4b0c8380cd4e3bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saros, J.E.","contributorId":13833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saros","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blett, T.","contributorId":67828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blett","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfe, A.P.","contributorId":46445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036353,"text":"70036353 - 2011 - Management intensity alters decomposition via biological pathways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-14T12:24:51","indexId":"70036353","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Management intensity alters decomposition via biological pathways","docAbstract":"Current conceptual models predict that changes in plant litter chemistry during decomposition are primarily regulated by both initial litter chemistry and the stage-or extent-of mass loss. Far less is known about how variations in decomposer community structure (e.g., resulting from different ecosystem management types) could influence litter chemistry during decomposition. Given the recent agricultural intensification occurring globally and the importance of litter chemistry in regulating soil organic matter storage, our objectives were to determine the potential effects of agricultural management on plant litter chemistry and decomposition rates, and to investigate possible links between ecosystem management, litter chemistry and decomposition, and decomposer community composition and activity. We measured decomposition rates, changes in litter chemistry, extracellular enzyme activity, microarthropod communities, and bacterial versus fungal relative abundance in replicated conventional-till, no-till, and old field agricultural sites for both corn and grass litter. After one growing season, litter decomposition under conventional-till was 20% greater than in old field communities. However, decomposition rates in no-till were not significantly different from those in old field or conventional-till sites. After decomposition, grass residue in both conventional- and no-till systems was enriched in total polysaccharides relative to initial litter, while grass litter decomposed in old fields was enriched in nitrogen-bearing compounds and lipids. These differences corresponded with differences in decomposer communities, which also exhibited strong responses to both litter and management type. Overall, our results indicate that agricultural intensification can increase litter decomposition rates, alter decomposer communities, and influence litter chemistry in ways that could have important and long-term effects on soil organic matter dynamics. We suggest that future efforts to more accurately predict soil carbon dynamics under different management regimes may need to explicitly consider how changes in litter chemistry during decomposition are influenced by the specific metabolic capabilities of the extant decomposer communities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10533-010-9510-x","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Wickings, K., Grandy, A.S., Reed, S., and Cleveland, C., 2011, Management intensity alters decomposition via biological pathways: Biogeochemistry, v. 104, no. 1-3, p. 365-379, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9510-x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"379","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218315,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9510-x"},{"id":246314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"104","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c68e4b0c8380cd69c2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wickings, Kyle","contributorId":106355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickings","given":"Kyle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grandy, A. Stuart","contributorId":48009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grandy","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Stuart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha","contributorId":70630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cleveland, Cory","contributorId":60478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Cory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036352,"text":"70036352 - 2011 - The significance of turbulent flow representation in single-continuum models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:03","indexId":"70036352","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The significance of turbulent flow representation in single-continuum models","docAbstract":"Karst aquifers exhibit highly conductive features caused from rock dissolution processes. Flow within these structures can become turbulent and therefore can be expressed by nonlinear gradient functions. One way to account for these effects is by coupling a continuum model with a conduit network. Alternatively, turbulent flow can be considered by adapting the hydraulic conductivity within the continuum model. Consequently, the significance of turbulent flow on the dynamic behavior of karst springs is investigated by an enhanced single-continuum model that results in conduit-type flow in continuum cells (CTFC). The single-continuum approach CTFC represents laminar and turbulent flow as well as more complex hybrid models that require additional programming and numerical efforts. A parameter study is conducted to investigate the effects of turbulent flow on the response of karst springs to recharge events using the new CTFC approach, existing hybrid models, and MODFLOW-2005. Results reflect the importance of representing (1) turbulent flow in karst conduits and (2) the exchange between conduits and continuum cells. More specifically, laminar models overestimate maximum spring discharge and underestimate hydraulic gradients within the conduit. It follows that aquifer properties inferred from spring hydrographs are potentially impaired by ignoring flow effects due to turbulence. The exchange factor used for hybrid models is necessary to account for the scale dependency between hydraulic properties of the matrix continuum and conduits. This functionality, which is not included in CTFC, can be mimicked by appropriate use of the Horizontal Flow Barrier package for MODFLOW. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010WR010133","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Reimann, T., Rehrl, C., Shoemaker, W., Geyer, T., and Birk, S., 2011, The significance of turbulent flow representation in single-continuum models: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010133.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218314,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010133"},{"id":246313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb034e4b08c986b324ccb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimann, Thomas","contributorId":45536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimann","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rehrl, C.","contributorId":33938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehrl","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shoemaker, W.B. 0000-0002-7680-377X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-377X","contributorId":51889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geyer, T.","contributorId":87791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geyer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Birk, S.","contributorId":41182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birk","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036350,"text":"70036350 - 2011 - Biogeochemistry of a temperate forest nitrogen gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T13:58:43","indexId":"70036350","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemistry of a temperate forest nitrogen gradient","docAbstract":"Wide natural gradients of soil nitrogen (N) can be used to examine fundamental relationships between plant–soil–microbial N cycling and hydrologic N loss, and to test N-saturation theory as a general framework for understanding ecosystem N dynamics. We characterized plant production, N uptake and return in litterfall, soil gross and net N mineralization rates, and hydrologic N losses of nine Douglas-fir (<i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>) forests across a wide soil N gradient in the Oregon Coast Range (USA). Surface mineral soil N (0–10 cm) ranged nearly three-fold from 0.29% to 0.78% N, and in contrast to predictions of N-saturation theory, was linearly related to 10-fold variation in net N mineralization, from 8 to 82 kg N·ha<sup>−1</sup>·yr<sup>−1</sup>. Net N mineralization was unrelated to soil C:N, soil texture, precipitation, and temperature differences among sites. Net nitrification was negatively related to soil pH, and accounted for <20% of net N mineralization at low-N sites, increasing to 85–100% of net N mineralization at intermediate- and high-N sites. The ratio of net : gross N mineralization and nitrification increased along the gradient, indicating progressive saturation of microbial N demands at high soil N. Aboveground N uptake by plants increased asymptotically with net N mineralization to a peak of 35 kg N·ha<sup>−1</sup>·yr<sup>−1</sup>. Aboveground net primary production per unit net N mineralization varied inversely with soil N, suggesting progressive saturation of plant N demands at high soil N. Hydrologic N losses were dominated by dissolved organic N at low-N sites, with increased nitrate loss causing a shift to dominance by nitrate at high-N sites, particularly where net nitrification exceeded plant N demands. With the exception of N mineralization patterns, our results broadly support the application of the N-saturation model developed from studies of anthropogenic N deposition to understand N cycling and saturation of plant and microbial sinks along natural soil N gradients. This convergence of behavior in unpolluted and polluted forest N cycles suggests that where future reductions in deposition to polluted sites do occur, symptoms of N saturation are most likely to persist where soil N content remains elevated.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/10-1642.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Perakis, S., and Sinkhorn, E.R., 2011, Biogeochemistry of a temperate forest nitrogen gradient: Ecology, v. 92, no. 7, p. 1481-1491, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1642.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1481","endPage":"1491","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70036349,"text":"70036349 - 2011 - Complex mean circulation over the inner shelf south of Martha's Vineyard revealed by observations and a high-resolution model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-28T11:57:59","indexId":"70036349","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2321,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex mean circulation over the inner shelf south of Martha's Vineyard revealed by observations and a high-resolution model","docAbstract":"Inner-shelf circulation is governed by the interaction between tides, baroclinic forcing, winds, waves, and frictional losses; the mean circulation ultimately governs exchange between the coast and ocean. In some cases, oscillatory tidal currents interact with bathymetric features to generate a tidally rectified flow. Recent observational and modeling efforts in an overlapping domain centered on the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) provided an opportunity to investigate the spatial and temporal complexity of circulation on the inner shelf. ADCP and surface radar observations revealed a mean circulation pattern that was highly variable in the alongshore and cross-shore directions. Nested modeling incrementally improved representation of the mean circulation as grid resolution increased and indicated tidal rectification as the generation mechanism of a counter-clockwise gyre near the MVCO. The loss of model skill with decreasing resolution is attributed to insufficient representation of the bathymetric gradients (Δh/h), which is important for representing nonlinear interactions between currents and bathymetry. The modeled momentum balance was characterized by large spatial variability of the pressure gradient and horizontal advection terms over short distances, suggesting that observed inner-shelf momentum balances may be confounded. Given the available observational and modeling data, this work defines the spatially variable mean circulation and its formation mechanism&mdash;tidal rectification&mdash;and illustrates the importance of model resolution for resolving circulation and constituent exchange near the coast. The results of this study have implications for future observational and modeling studies near the MVCO and other inner-shelf locations with alongshore bathymetric variability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JC007035","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ganju, N., Lentz, S.J., Kirincich, A.R., and Farrar, J.T., 2011, Complex mean circulation over the inner shelf south of Martha's Vineyard revealed by observations and a high-resolution model: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, v. 116, no. C10036, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007035.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":187,"text":"Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475415,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jc007035","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":218257,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007035"},{"id":246252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.75,41.15 ], [ -70.75,41.4 ], [ -70.4,41.4 ], [ -70.4,41.15 ], [ -70.75,41.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"C10036","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f90fe4b0c8380cd4d3e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":93543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lentz, Steven J.","contributorId":41687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lentz","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":455679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirincich, Anthony R.","contributorId":20195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirincich","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farrar, J. Thomas","contributorId":108354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036346,"text":"70036346 - 2011 - Dust: Small-scale processes with global consequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T20:14:35.175749","indexId":"70036346","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dust: Small-scale processes with global consequences","docAbstract":"<p><span>Desert dust, both modern and ancient, is a critical component of the Earth system. Atmospheric dust has important effects on climate by changing the atmospheric radiation budget, while deposited dust influences biogeochemical cycles in the oceans and on land. Dust deposited on snow and ice decreases its albedo, allowing more light to be trapped at the surface, thus increasing the rate of melt and influencing energy budgets and river discharge. In the human realm, dust contributes to the transport of allergens and pathogens and when inhaled can cause or aggravate respiratory diseases. Dust storms also represent a significant hazard to road and air travel. Because it affects so many Earth processes, dust is studied from a variety of perspectives and at multiple scales, with various disciplines examining emissions for different purposes using disparate strategies. Thus, the range of objectives in studying dust, as well as experimental approaches and results, has not yet been systematically integrated. Key research questions surrounding the production and sources of dust could benefit from improved collaboration among different research communities. These questions involve the origins of dust, factors that influence dust production and emission, and methods through which dust can be monitored.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011EO290001","usgsCitation":"Okin, G., Bullard, J.E., Reynolds, R.L., Ballantine, J.#., Schepanski, K., Todd, M.C., Belnap, J., Baddock, M.C., Gill, T.E., and Miller, M.E., 2011, Dust: Small-scale processes with global consequences: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 29, p. 241-242, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO290001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011eo290001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"South Australia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              136.7578125,\n              -32.76880048488168\n            ],\n            [\n              140.2734375,\n              -32.76880048488168\n            ],\n            [\n              140.2734375,\n              -27.449790329784214\n            ],\n            [\n              136.7578125,\n              -27.449790329784214\n            ],\n            [\n              136.7578125,\n              -32.76880048488168\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a041ee4b0c8380cd507ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Okin, G. S.","contributorId":97361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Okin","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullard, J. E.","contributorId":9901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bullard","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ballantine, J. #NAME?","contributorId":44399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballantine","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schepanski, K.","contributorId":91344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schepanski","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Todd, M. C.","contributorId":20583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Todd","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Baddock, M. C.","contributorId":50764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baddock","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gill, T. E.","contributorId":66003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Miller, M. E.","contributorId":104003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70032577,"text":"70032577 - 2011 - Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032577","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change","docAbstract":"Soil water content strongly affects permafrost dynamics by changing the soil thermal properties. However, the movement of liquid water, which plays an important role in the heat transport of temperate soils, has been under-represented in boreal studies. Two different heat transport models with and without convective heat transport were compared to measurements of soil temperatures in four boreal sites with different stand ages and drainage classes. Overall, soil temperatures during the growing season tended to be over-estimated by 2-4??C when movement of liquid water and water vapor was not represented in the model. The role of heat transport in water has broad implications for site responses to warming and suggests reduced vulnerability of permafrost to thaw at drier sites. This result is consistent with field observations of faster thaw in response to warming in wet sites compared to drier sites over the past 30. years in Canadian boreal forests. These results highlight that representation of water flow in heat transport models is important to simulate future soil thermal or permafrost dynamics under a changing climate. ?? 2011 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.009","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Fan, Z., Neff, J.C., Harden, J., Zhang, T., Veldhuis, H., Czimczik, C., Winston, G., and O'Donnell, J., 2011, Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change: Science of the Total Environment, v. 409, no. 10, p. 1836-1842, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.009.","startPage":"1836","endPage":"1842","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475068,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/40r7c46p","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213609,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.009"}],"volume":"409","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc79fe4b08c986b32c545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fan, Z.","contributorId":31211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neff, J. C.","contributorId":29935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, T.","contributorId":61536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Veldhuis, H.","contributorId":64410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veldhuis","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Czimczik, C.I.","contributorId":57274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czimczik","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Winston, G.C.","contributorId":106274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winston","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"O'Donnell, J. A.","contributorId":85367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032576,"text":"70032576 - 2011 - A predator-prey model with a holling type I functional response including a predator mutual interference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032576","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2401,"text":"Journal of Nonlinear Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A predator-prey model with a holling type I functional response including a predator mutual interference","docAbstract":"The most widely used functional response in describing predator-prey relationships is the Holling type II functional response, where per capita predation is a smooth, increasing, and saturating function of prey density. Beddington and DeAngelis modified the Holling type II response to include interference of predators that increases with predator density. Here we introduce a predator-interference term into a Holling type I functional response. We explain the ecological rationale for the response and note that the phase plane configuration of the predator and prey isoclines differs greatly from that of the Beddington-DeAngelis response; for example, in having three possible interior equilibria rather than one. In fact, this new functional response seems to be quite unique. We used analytical and numerical methods to show that the resulting system shows a much richer dynamical behavior than the Beddington-DeAngelis response, or other typically used functional responses. For example, cyclic-fold, saddle-fold, homoclinic saddle connection, and multiple crossing bifurcations can all occur. We then use a smooth approximation to the Holling type I functional response with predator mutual interference to show that these dynamical properties do not result from the lack of smoothness, but rather from subtle differences in the functional responses. ?? 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Nonlinear Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00332-011-9101-6","issn":"09388974","usgsCitation":"Seo, G., and DeAngelis, D., 2011, A predator-prey model with a holling type I functional response including a predator mutual interference: Journal of Nonlinear Science, v. 21, no. 6, p. 811-833, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-011-9101-6.","startPage":"811","endPage":"833","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213608,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00332-011-9101-6"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4eae4b0c8380cd46a0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seo, G.","contributorId":29225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seo","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032484,"text":"70032484 - 2011 - Microtopography enhances nitrogen cycling and removal in created mitigation wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032484","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microtopography enhances nitrogen cycling and removal in created mitigation wetlands","docAbstract":"Natural wetlands often have a heterogeneous soil surface topography, or microtopography (MT), that creates microsites of variable hydrology, vegetation, and soil biogeochemistry. Created mitigation wetlands are designed to mimic natural wetlands in structure and function, and recent mitigation projects have incorporated MT as one way to attain this goal. Microtopography may influence nitrogen (N) cycling in wetlands by providing adjacent areas of aerobic and anaerobic conditions and by increasing carbon storage, which together facilitate N cycling and removal. This study investigated three created wetlands in the Virginia Piedmont that incorporated disking-induced MT during construction. One site had paired disked and undisked plots, allowing an evaluation of the effects of this design feature on N flux rates. Microtopography was measured using conventional survey equipment along a 1-m circular transect and was described using two indices: tortuosity (T), describing soil surface roughness and relief, and limiting elevation difference (LD), describing soil surface relief. Ammonification, nitrification, and net N mineralization were determined with in situ incubation of modified ion-exchange resin cores and denitrification potential was determined using denitrification enzyme assay (DEA). Results demonstrated that disked plots had significantly greater LD than undisked plots one year after construction. Autogenic sources of MT (e.g. tussock-forming vegetation) in concert with variable hydrology and sedimentation maintained and in some cases enhanced MT in study wetlands. Tortuosity and LD values remained the same in one wetland when compared over a two-year period, suggesting a dynamic equilibrium of MT-forming and -eroding processes at play. Microtopography values also increased when comparing the original induced MT of a one-year old wetland with MT of older created wetlands (five and eight years old) with disking-induced MT, indicating that MT can increase by natural processes over time. When examined along a hydrologic gradient, LD increased with proximity to an overflow point as a result of differential sediment deposition and erosion during flood events. Nitrification increased with T and denitrification potential increased with LD, indicating that microtopographic heterogeneity enhances coupled N fluxes. The resulting N flux patterns may be explained by the increase in oxygen availability elicited by greater T (enhancing nitrification) and by the adjacent zones of aerobic and anaerobic conditions elicited by greater LD (enhancing coupled nitrification and denitrification potential). Findings of this study support the incorporation of MT into the design and regulatory evaluation of created wetlands in order to enhance N cycling and removal. ?? 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.013","issn":"09258574","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., Ahn, C., and Noe, G., 2011, Microtopography enhances nitrogen cycling and removal in created mitigation wetlands: Ecological Engineering, v. 37, no. 9, p. 1398-1406, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.013.","startPage":"1398","endPage":"1406","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213786,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.013"},{"id":241444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56abe4b0c8380cd6d73a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.L.","contributorId":37547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ahn, C.","contributorId":22589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahn","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noe, G.B.","contributorId":66464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032264,"text":"70032264 - 2011 - Evidence for the contemporary magmatic system beneath Long Valley Caldera from local earthquake tomography and receiver function analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-07T13:09:19","indexId":"70032264","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for the contemporary magmatic system beneath Long Valley Caldera from local earthquake tomography and receiver function analysis","docAbstract":"We present a new <i>P</i> wave and <i>S</i> wave velocity model for the upper crust beneath Long Valley Caldera obtained using local earthquake tomography and receiver function analysis. We computed the tomographic model using both a graded inversion scheme and a traditional approach. We complement the tomographic I/<sub><i>P</i></sub> model with a teleseismic receiver function model based on data from broadband seismic stations (MLAC and MKV) located on the SE and SW margins of the resurgent dome inside the caldera. The inversions resolve (1) a shallow, high-velocity <i>P</i> wave anomaly associated with the structural uplift of a resurgent dome; (2) an elongated, WNW striking low-velocity anomaly (8%–10 % reduction in I/<sub><i>P</i></sub>) at a depth of 6 km (4 km below mean sea level) beneath the southern section of the resurgent dome; and (3) a broad, low-velocity volume (&ndash;5% reduction in I/<sub><i>P</i></sub> and as much as 40% reduction in I/<sub><i>S</i></sub>) in the depth interval 8–14 km (6–12 km below mean sea level) beneath the central section of the caldera. The two low-velocity volumes partially overlap the geodetically inferred inflation sources that drove uplift of the resurgent dome associated with caldera unrest between 1980 and 2000, and they likely reflect the ascent path for magma or magmatic fluids into the upper crust beneath the caldera.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008471","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Seccia, D., Chiarabba, C., De Gori, P., Bianchi, I., and Hill, D., 2011, Evidence for the contemporary magmatic system beneath Long Valley Caldera from local earthquake tomography and receiver function analysis: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 12, 22 p.; B12314, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008471.","productDescription":"22 p.; B12314","costCenters":[{"id":367,"text":"Long Valley Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487055,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008471","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214914,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008471"},{"id":242674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.3236,36.0389 ], [ -119.3236,38.1445 ], [ -117.965,38.1445 ], [ -117.965,36.0389 ], [ -119.3236,36.0389 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d54e4b0c8380cd52f61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seccia, D.","contributorId":81323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seccia","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chiarabba, C.","contributorId":39994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiarabba","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Gori, P.","contributorId":69377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Gori","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bianchi, I.","contributorId":22165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bianchi","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hill, D.P.","contributorId":27432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036283,"text":"70036283 - 2011 - Relationship of external fish condition to pathogen prevalence and out-migration survival in juvenile steelhead","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-21T13:06:48.811575","indexId":"70036283","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship of external fish condition to pathogen prevalence and out-migration survival in juvenile steelhead","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding how the external condition of juvenile salmonids is associated with internal measures of health and subsequent out‐migration survival can be valuable for population monitoring programs. This study investigated the use of a rapid, nonlethal, external examination to assess the condition of run‐of‐the‐river juvenile steelhead&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;migrating from the Snake River to the Pacific Ocean. We compared the external condition (e.g., body injuries, descaling, external signs of disease, fin damage, and ectoparasite infestations) with (1) the internal condition of a steelhead as measured by the presence of selected pathogens detected by histopathology and polymerase chain reaction analysis and (2) out‐migration survival through the Snake and Columbia rivers as determined by passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag technology. The results from steelhead captured and euthanized (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 222) at Lower Monumental Dam on the lower Snake River in 2008 indicated that external condition was significantly correlated with selected measures of internal condition. The odds of testing positive for a pathogen were 39.2, 24.3, and 5.6 times greater for steelhead with severe or moderate external signs of disease or more than 20% descaling, respectively. Capture–recapture models of 22,451 PIT‐tagged steelhead released at Lower Monumental Dam in 2007–2009 indicated that external condition was significantly correlated with juvenile survival. The odds of out‐migration survival for steelhead with moderate or severe external signs of disease, more than 20% descaling, or severe fin damage were 5.7, 4.9, 1.6, and 1.3 times lower, respectively, than those for steelhead without these external conditions. This study effectively demonstrated that specific measures of external condition were associated with both the internal condition and out‐migration survival of juvenile steelhead.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.613303","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Hostetter, N.J., Evans, A., Roby, D.D., Collis, K., Hawbecker, M., Sandford, B., Thompson, D., and Loge, F., 2011, Relationship of external fish condition to pathogen prevalence and out-migration survival in juvenile steelhead: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 140, no. 5, p. 1158-1171, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.613303.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1158","endPage":"1171","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Snake River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.99169921875,\n              46.10370875598026\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.15673828124999,\n              46.08847179577592\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.89306640624999,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.45361328124999,\n              45.29034662473613\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.62988281249999,\n              45.42929873257377\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.71826171875,\n              45.72152152227954\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.69628906249999,\n              46.118941506107056\n            ],\n            [\n 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A.F.","contributorId":34749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roby, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9844-0992 droby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":3702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel","email":"droby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collis, K.","contributorId":90910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collis","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hawbecker, M.","contributorId":52441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbecker","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sandford, B.P.","contributorId":27234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandford","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thompson, D.E.","contributorId":50766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Loge, F.J.","contributorId":29677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loge","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035650,"text":"70035650 - 2011 - An Analysis of the Published Mineral Resource Estimates of the Haji-Gak Iron Deposit, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-23T16:24:38.902248","indexId":"70035650","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An Analysis of the Published Mineral Resource Estimates of the Haji-Gak Iron Deposit, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Haji-Gak iron deposit of eastern Bamyan Province, eastern Afghanistan, was studied extensively and resource calculations were made in the 1960s by Afghan and Russian geologists. Recalculation of the resource estimates verifies the original estimates for categories A (in-place resources known in detail), B (in-place resources known in moderate detail), and C</span><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;(in-place resources estimated on sparse data), totaling 110.8&nbsp;Mt, or about 6% of the resources as being supportable for the methods used in the 1960s. C</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;(based on a loose exploration grid with little data) resources are based on one ore grade from one drill hole, and P</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;(prognosis) resources are based on field observations, field measurements, and an ore grade derived from averaging grades from three better sampled ore bodies. C</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and P</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;resources are 1,659.1&nbsp;Mt or about 94% of the total resources in the deposit. The vast P</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;resources have not been drilled or sampled to confirm their extent or quality. The purpose of this article is to independently evaluate the resources of the Haji-Gak iron deposit by using the available geologic and mineral resource information including geologic maps and cross sections, sampling data, and the analog-estimating techniques of the 1960s to determine the size and tenor of the deposit.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s11053-011-9154-0","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Sutphin, D., Renaud, K., and Drew, L., 2011, An Analysis of the Published Mineral Resource Estimates of the Haji-Gak Iron Deposit, Afghanistan: Natural Resources Research, v. 20, no. 4, p. 329-353, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-011-9154-0.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"353","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216399,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-011-9154-0"}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"Haji-Gak iron deposit in Eastern Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              67.91748046874999,\n              34.00713506435885\n            ],\n            [\n              69.3511962890625,\n              34.00713506435885\n            ],\n            [\n              69.3511962890625,\n              35.250105158539355\n            ],\n            [\n              67.91748046874999,\n              35.250105158539355\n            ],\n            [\n              67.91748046874999,\n              34.00713506435885\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9d0e4b0c8380cd48491","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutphin, David M.","contributorId":53769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Renaud, Karine krenaud@usgs.gov","contributorId":195405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renaud","given":"Karine","email":"krenaud@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drew, Lawrence J. ldrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":190730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"ldrew@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032232,"text":"70032232 - 2011 - Incorporating biodiversity into rangeland health: Plant species richness and diversity in great plains grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T16:44:04","indexId":"70032232","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating biodiversity into rangeland health: Plant species richness and diversity in great plains grasslands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Indicators of rangeland health generally do not include a measure of biodiversity. Increasing attention to maintaining biodiversity in rangelands suggests that this omission should be reconsidered, and plant species richness and diversity are two metrics that may be useful and appropriate. Ideally, their response to a variety of anthropogenic and natural drivers in the ecosystem of interest would be clearly understood, thereby providing a means to diagnose the cause of decline in an ecosystem. Conceptual ecological models based on ecological principles and hypotheses provide a framework for this understanding, but these models must be supported by empirical evidence if they are to be used for decision making. To that end, we synthesize results from published studies regarding the responses of plant species richness and diversity to drivers that are of management concern in Great Plains grasslands, one of North America's most imperiled ecosystems. In the published literature, moderate grazing generally has a positive effect on these metrics in tallgrass prairie and a neutral to negative effect in shortgrass prairie. The largest published effects on richness and diversity were caused by moderate grazing in tallgrass prairies and nitrogen fertilization in shortgrass prairies. Although weather is often cited as the reason for considerable annual fluctuations in richness and diversity, little information about the responses of these metrics to weather is available. Responses of the two metrics often diverged, reflecting differences in their sensitivity to different types of changes in the plant community. Although sufficient information has not yet been published for these metrics to meet all the criteria of a good indicator in Great Plains Grasslands, augmenting current methods of evaluating rangeland health with a measure of plant species richness would reduce these shortcomings and provide information critical to managing for biodiversity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.2111/REM-D-10-00136.1","issn":"15507424","usgsCitation":"Symstad, A., and Jonas, J.L., 2011, Incorporating biodiversity into rangeland health: Plant species richness and diversity in great plains grasslands: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 64, no. 6, p. 555-572, https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-10-00136.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"555","endPage":"572","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487854,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/642903","text":"External Repository"},{"id":242672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214912,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-10-00136.1"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39e6e4b0c8380cd61a95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Symstad, Amy J. 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":2611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy J.","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jonas, Jayne L.","contributorId":22680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonas","given":"Jayne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032231,"text":"70032231 - 2011 - Sexing young snowy owls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:57:09","indexId":"70032231","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sexing young snowy owls","docAbstract":"We predicted sex of 140 Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus) nestlings out of 34 nests at our Barrow, Alaska, study area to develop a technique for sexing these owls in the field. We primarily sexed young, flightless owls (3844 d old) by quantifying plumage markings on the remiges and tail, predicting sex, and collecting blood samples to test our field predictions using molecular sexing techniques. We categorized and quantified three different plumage markings: two types of bars (defined as markings that touch the rachis) and spots (defined as markings that do not touch the rachis). We predicted sex in the field assuming that males had more spots than bars and females more bars than spots on the remiges and rectrices. Molecular data indicated that we correctly sexed 100% of the nestlings. We modeled the data using random forests and classification trees. Both models indicated that the number and type of markings on the secondary feathers were the most important in classifying nestling sex. The statistical models verified our initial qualitative prediction that males have more spots than bars and females more bars than spots on flight feathers P6P10 for both wings and tail feathers T1 and T2. This study provides researchers with an easily replicable and highly accurate method for sexing young Snowy Owls in the field, which should aid further studies of sex-ratios and sex-related variation in behavior and growth of this circumpolar owl species. ?? 2011 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","language":"English","publisher":"The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","doi":"10.3356/JRR-11-02.1","usgsCitation":"Seidensticker, M.T., Holt, D.W., Detienne, J., Talbot, S.L., and Gray, K., 2011, Sexing young snowy owls: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 45, no. 4, p. 281-289, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-11-02.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"289","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-11-02.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8db7e4b08c986b318506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seidensticker, Mathew T.","contributorId":99792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seidensticker","given":"Mathew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holt, Denver W.","contributorId":70609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holt","given":"Denver","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Detienne, Jennifer","contributorId":35968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Detienne","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gray, Kathy","contributorId":62949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"Kathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70192687,"text":"70192687 - 2011 - Wilcox group (Paleocene to Eocene) coals of the Sabine Uplift area, Texas and Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T16:20:39.315301","indexId":"70192687","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"5","title":"Wilcox group (Paleocene to Eocene) coals of the Sabine Uplift area, Texas and Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p>The Wilcox Group (Paleocene to Eocene) of the Sabine uplift, a structural arch in northeastern Texas and northwestern Louisiana (Figure 1), has lignite zones that approach subbituminous rank (see Chapter 4, this publication). These coals are among the highest quality resources known within the Gulf Coastal Plain because of their low ash yield and sulfur content. The surface expression of the Sabine uplift is defined by the contact between coal-bearing rocks of the Wilcox Group and overlying fluvial rocks of the Carrizo Sand, which is the basal unit of the Claiborne Group (Figures 2, 3). The Sabine uplift study area includes parts of Harrison, Marion, Nacogdoches, Panola, Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, and Shelby Counties in Texas and Bossier, Caddo, De Soto, Natchitoches, Red River, and Sabine Parishes in Louisiana (Figure 1). Adjacent counties and parishes that include the subsurface Wilcox Group extend the regional Sabine uplift area. The Wilcox in the subsurface is underlain by the Midway Group (Figure 3), a mudstone-dominated marine sequence of Paleocene age. Quaternary alluvium and terrace deposits overlying the Wilcox Group at the surface are limited to areas of modern drainage.</p><p>The total thickness of the Wilcox Group within the Sabine uplift area ranges from approximately 400 ft on outcrop to 2500 ft in subsurface (Kaiser, 1990). In a few places, the contact between the overlying Carrizo Sand and Wilcox Group is erosional, but in other places, the contact is gradational.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Hook, R.W., Warwick, P.D., and SanFilipo, J., 2011, Wilcox group (Paleocene to Eocene) coals of the Sabine Uplift area, Texas and Louisiana, chap. 5 <i>of</i> Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 95-108.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"108","ipdsId":"IP-020031","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350905,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/1259/chapter/107079193/wilcox-group-paleocene-to-eocene-coals-of-the"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Sabine Uplift area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.140625,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7138671875,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7138671875,\n              33.687781758439364\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.140625,\n              33.687781758439364\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.140625,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a743589e4b0a9a2e9e25ccf","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726418,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander K.","contributorId":44089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726419,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":2584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726420,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726421,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Hook, Robert W.","contributorId":26006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"SanFilipo, John R. 0000-0002-8739-5628 jsan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628","contributorId":2385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"SanFilipo","given":"John R.","email":"jsan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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