{"pageNumber":"769","pageRowStart":"19200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46700,"records":[{"id":97451,"text":"ds420 - 2009 - Archive of digital boomer and CHIRP seismic reflection data collected during USGS field activity 08LCA03 in Lake Panasoffkee, Florida, May 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T16:08:56.268076","indexId":"ds420","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"420","title":"Archive of digital boomer and CHIRP seismic reflection data collected during USGS field activity 08LCA03 in Lake Panasoffkee, Florida, May 2008","docAbstract":"In May of 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted geophysical surveys in Lake Panasoffkee, located in central Florida, as part of the USGS Lakes and Coastal Aquifers (LCA) study. This report serves as an archive of unprocessed digital boomer and Compressed High Intensity Radar Pulse (CHIRP)* seismic reflection data, trackline maps, navigation files, Field Activity Collection System (FACS) logs, Geographic Information System (GIS) files, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata. Filtered and gained (a relative increase in signal amplitude) digital images of the seismic profiles and geospatially corrected interactive profiles are also provided. Refer to the Acronyms page for expansions of acronyms and abbreviations used in this report. *Due to poor data acquisition conditions associated with the lake bottom sediments, only two CHIRP tracklines were collected during this field activity.\r\n\r\nThe archived trace data are in standard Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) SEG-Y format (Barry and others, 1975) and may be downloaded and processed with commercial or public domain software such as Seismic Unix (SU). Example SU processing scripts and USGS software for viewing the SEG-Y files (Zihlman, 1992) are provided.\r\n\r\nThe USGS Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC) - St. Petersburg assigns a unique identifier to each cruise or field activity. For example, 08LCA03 tells us the data were collected in 2008 for the Lakes and Coastal Aquifers (LCA) study and the data were collected during the third field activity for that study in that calendar year. Refer to http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/programs/html/definition/activity.html for a detailed description of the method used to assign the field activity ID. The naming convention used for each seismic line is as follows: yye##a, where 'yy' are the last two digits of the year in which the data were collected, 'e' is a 1-letter abbreviation for the equipment type (for example, b for boomer and c for CHIRP), '##' is a 2-digit number representing a specific track, and 'a' is a letter representing the section of a line if recording was prematurely terminated or rerun for quality or acquisition problems.\r\n\r\nThe boomer plate is an acoustic energy source that consists of capacitors charged to a high voltage and discharged through a transducer in the water. The transducer is towed on a sled floating on the water surface and, when discharged, emits a short acoustic pulse, or shot, which propagates through the water, sediment column, or rock beneath. The acoustic energy is reflected at density boundaries (such as the seafloor, sediment, or rock layers beneath the seafloor), detected by the receiver, and recorded by a PC-based seismic acquisition system. This process is repeated at timed intervals (for example, 0.5 s) and recorded for specific intervals of time (for example, 100 ms). In this way, a two-dimensional (2-D) vertical profile of the shallow geologic structure beneath the ship track is produced. Figure 1 displays the boomer acquisition geometry. \r\n\r\nThe EdgeTech SB-424 CHIRP system used for this survey has a vertical resolution of 4 - 8 cm, a penetration depth that is usually less than 2 m beneath the seafloor, and uses a signal of continuously varying frequency. The towfish is a sound source and receiver, which is typically towed 2 - 5 m above the seafloor. The acoustic energy is reflected at density boundaries (such as the seafloor or sediment layers beneath the seafloor), detected by a receiver, and recorded by a PC-based seismic acquisition system. This process is repeated at timed intervals (for example, 0.125 s) and recorded for specific intervals of time (for example, 50 ms); the resulting profile is a two-dimensional vertical image of the shallow geologic structure beneath the ship track. Figure 2 displays the acquisition geometry for the CHIRP system. Refer to table 1 for a summary of acquisition parameters and table 2 for trackline statistics.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds420","usgsCitation":"Harrison, A.S., Dadisman, S.V., McBride, W., Flocks, J.G., and Wiese, D.S., 2009, Archive of digital boomer and CHIRP seismic reflection data collected during USGS field activity 08LCA03 in Lake Panasoffkee, Florida, May 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 420, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds420.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-05-13","temporalEnd":"2008-05-14","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423301,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_97321.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12590,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/420/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196424,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lake Panasoffkee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.15670456847309,\n              28.840833035568238\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.15670456847309,\n              28.76151526340054\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.09104056486755,\n              28.76151526340054\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.09104056486755,\n              28.840833035568238\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.15670456847309,\n              28.840833035568238\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679e09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, Arnell S. 0000-0002-5581-2255","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-2255","contributorId":35021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Arnell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dadisman, Shawn V. sdadisman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dadisman","given":"Shawn","email":"sdadisman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":302176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McBride, W. Scott","contributorId":15293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"W. Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wiese, Dana S. dwiese@usgs.gov","contributorId":2476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"Dana","email":"dwiese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":97446,"text":"ofr20091051 - 2009 - Transient electromagnetic soundings near Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, San Luis Valley, Colorado (2006 field season)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-15T14:08:27.651497","indexId":"ofr20091051","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1051","displayTitle":"Transient Electromagnetic Soundings Near Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, San Luis Valley, Colorado (2006 Field Season)","title":"Transient electromagnetic soundings near Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, San Luis Valley, Colorado (2006 field season)","docAbstract":"Time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) soundings were made near Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in the San Luis Valley of southern Colorado to obtain subsurface information of use to hydrologic modeling. Seventeen soundings were made to the east and north of the sand dunes. Using a small loop TEM system, maximum exploration depths of about 75 to 150 m were obtained. In general, layered earth interpretations of the data found that resistivity decreases with depth. Comparison of soundings with geologic logs from nearby wells found that zones logged as having increased clay content usually corresponded with a significant resistivity decrease in the TEM determined model. This result supports the use of TEM soundings to map the location of the top of the clay unit deposited at the bottom of the ancient Lake Alamosa that filled the San Luis Valley from Pliocene to middle Pleistocene time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091051","usgsCitation":"Fitterman, D.V., and de Souza Filho, O.A., 2009, Transient electromagnetic soundings near Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, San Luis Valley, Colorado (2006 field season): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1051, Report: vi, 55 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091051.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 55 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385124,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1051/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":385123,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1051/downloads/OF09-1051.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":195501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1051/images/coverthb.gif"},{"id":12585,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1051/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.7706298828125,\n              37.22595454983972\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.545654296875,\n              37.22595454983972\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.545654296875,\n              38.55246141354153\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.7706298828125,\n              38.55246141354153\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.7706298828125,\n              37.22595454983972\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db626e2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitterman, David V. dfitterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"David","email":"dfitterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Souza Filho, Oderson A.","contributorId":88620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Souza Filho","given":"Oderson","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97455,"text":"ofr20091061 - 2009 - Hurricane Ike: Observations and analysis of coastal change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-14T13:19:35.634939","indexId":"ofr20091061","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1061","title":"Hurricane Ike: Observations and analysis of coastal change","docAbstract":"Understanding storm-induced coastal change and forecasting these changes require knowledge of the physical processes associated with the storm and the geomorphology of the impacted coastline. The primary physical processes of interest are the wind field, storm surge, and wave climate. Not only does wind cause direct damage to structures along the coast, but it is ultimately responsible for much of the energy that is transferred to the ocean and expressed as storm surge, mean currents, and large waves. Waves and currents are the processes most responsible for moving sediments in the coastal zone during extreme storm events. Storm surge, the rise in water level due to the wind, barometric pressure, and other factors, allows both waves and currents to attack parts of the coast not normally exposed to those processes.\r\n\r\nCoastal geomorphology, including shapes of the shoreline, beaches, and dunes, is equally important to the coastal change observed during extreme storm events. Relevant geomorphic variables include sand dune elevation, beach width, shoreline position, sediment grain size, and foreshore beach slope. These variables, in addition to hydrodynamic processes, can be used to predict coastal vulnerability to storms\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards Project (http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/hurricanes), strives to provide hazard information to those interested in the Nation's coastlines, including residents of coastal areas, government agencies responsible for coastal management, and coastal researchers. As part of the National Assessment, observations were collected to measure coastal changes associated with Hurricane Ike, which made landfall near Galveston, Texas, on September 13, 2008. Methods of observation included aerial photography and airborne topographic surveys. This report documents these data-collection efforts and presents qualitative and quantitative descriptions of hurricane-induced changes to the shoreline, beaches, dunes, and infrastructure in the region that was heavily impacted by Hurricane Ike.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091061","usgsCitation":"Doran, K., Plant, N.G., Stockdon, H.F., Sallenger, A., and Serafin, K.A., 2009, Hurricane Ike: Observations and analysis of coastal change: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1061, vi, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091061.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p.","temporalStart":"2008-09-13","temporalEnd":"2008-09-13","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12595,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403718,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86529.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.4,\n              28.8417\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.3667,\n              28.8417\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.3667,\n              29.775\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.4,\n              29.775\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.4,\n              28.8417\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doran, Kara S. 0000-0001-8050-5727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-5727","contributorId":33010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Kara S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockdon, Hilary F. 0000-0003-0791-4676 hstockdon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":2153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"Hilary","email":"hstockdon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury H. Jr.","contributorId":27458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury H.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Serafin, Katherine A.","contributorId":84466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serafin","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":97452,"text":"ds421 - 2009 - Archive of digital boomer seismic reflection data collected during USGS field activity 08LCA01 in 10 central Florida lakes, March 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-02T15:20:17.815115","indexId":"ds421","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"421","displayTitle":"Archive of Digital Boomer Seismic Reflection Data Collected During USGS Field Activity 08LCA01 in 10 Central Florida Lakes, March 2008","title":"Archive of digital boomer seismic reflection data collected during USGS field activity 08LCA01 in 10 central Florida lakes, March 2008","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds421","usgsCitation":"Harrison, A.S., Dadisman, S.V., Davis, J.B., Flocks, J.G., and Wiese, D.S., 2009, Archive of digital boomer seismic reflection data collected during USGS field activity 08LCA01 in 10 central Florida lakes, March 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 421, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds421.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-03-24","temporalEnd":"2008-03-28","ipdsId":"IP-009856","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195597,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12591,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/421/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":97450,"text":"ds401 - 2009 - EAARL topography - George Washington Birthplace National Monument 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T20:28:17.004286","indexId":"ds401","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"401","title":"EAARL topography - George Washington Birthplace National Monument 2008","docAbstract":"These remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements of Lidar-derived bare earth (BE) and first surface (FS) topography were produced as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC), St. Petersburg, FL; the National Park Service (NPS), Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network, Kingston, RI; and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Wallops Flight Facility, VA.\r\n\r\nThis project provides highly detailed and accurate datasets of the George Washington Birthplace National Monument in Virginia, acquired on March 26, 2008. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural resource managers. An innovative airborne Lidar instrument originally developed at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, and known as the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) was used during data acquisition. The EAARL system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nanometer) Lidar designed to map near-shore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive Lidar, a down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera, a high-resolution multi-spectral color infrared (CIR) camera, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit, which provide for submeter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL platform is a twin-engine Cessna 310 aircraft, but the instrument may be deployed on a range of light aircraft. A single pilot, a Lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys. \r\n\r\nElevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL system, and the resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of Lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for presurvey flight line definition, flight path plotting, Lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. ALPS is routinely used to create maps that represent submerged or first surface topography. 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,{"id":97448,"text":"ds399 - 2009 - EAARL Coastal Topography - Northern Gulf of Mexico, 2007: First surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T20:34:31.078402","indexId":"ds399","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"399","title":"EAARL Coastal Topography - Northern Gulf of Mexico, 2007: First surface","docAbstract":"These remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements of Lidar-derived first surface (FS) elevation data were produced as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC), St. Petersburg, FL; the National Park Service (NPS), Gulf Coast Network, Lafayette, LA; and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Wallops Flight Facility, VA.\r\n\r\nThe project provides highly detailed and accurate datasets of select barrier islands and peninsular regions of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, acquired June 27-30, 2007. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural resource managers. An innovative airborne Lidar instrument originally developed at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, and known as the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), was used during data acquisition. The EAARL system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nanometer) Lidar designed to map near-shore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive Lidar, a down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera, a high-resolution multi-spectral color infrared (CIR) camera, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit which provide for submeter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL platform is a twin-engine Cessna 310 aircraft, but the instrument may be deployed on a range of light aircraft. A single pilot, a Lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys.\r\n\r\nElevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL system, and the resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of Lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for presurvey flight line definition, flight path plotting, Lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. ALPS is used routinely to create maps that represent submerged or sub-aerial topography. 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,{"id":97447,"text":"tm2A9 - 2009 - Quantifying Equid Behavior - A Research Ethogram for Free-Roaming Feral Horses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"tm2A9","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2-A9","title":"Quantifying Equid Behavior - A Research Ethogram for Free-Roaming Feral Horses","docAbstract":"Feral horses (Equus caballus) are globally distributed in free-roaming populations on all continents except Antarctica and occupy a wide range of habitats including forest, grassland, desert, and montane environments. The largest populations occur in Australia and North America and have been the subject of scientific study for decades, yet guidelines and ethograms for feral horse behavioral research are largely absent in the scientific literature. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fort Collins Science Center conducted research on the influences of the immunocontraceptive porcine zona pellucida (PZP) on feral horse behavior from 2003-2006 in three discrete populations in the American west. These populations were the Little Book Cliffs Wild Horse Range in Colorado, McCullough Peaks Herd Management Area in Wyoming, and Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range in Montana; the research effort included over 1,800 hours of behavioral observations of 317 adult free-roaming feral horses. An ethogram was developed during the course of this study to facilitate accurate scientific data collection on feral horse behavior, which is often challenging to quantify. By developing this set of discrete behavioral definitions and a set of strict research protocols, scientists were better able to address both applied questions, such as behavioral changes related to fertility control, and theoretical questions, such as understanding networks and dominance hierarchies within social groups of equids.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm2A9","usgsCitation":"Ransom, J.I., and Cade, B.S., 2009, Quantifying Equid Behavior - A Research Ethogram for Free-Roaming Feral Horses: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 2-A9, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm2A9.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12586,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/02a09/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486fe4b07f02db50d488","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ransom, Jason I. 0000-0002-5930-4004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-4004","contributorId":71645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97432,"text":"tm2A8 - 2009 - Forest Vegetation Monitoring Protocol for National Parks in the North Coast and Cascades Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"tm2A8","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2-A8","title":"Forest Vegetation Monitoring Protocol for National Parks in the North Coast and Cascades Network","docAbstract":"Plant communities are the foundation for terrestrial trophic webs and animal habitat, and their structure and species composition are an integrated result of biological and physical drivers (Gates, 1993). Additionally, they have a major role in geologic, geomorphologic and soil development processes (Jenny, 1941; Stevens and Walker, 1970). Throughout most of the Pacific Northwest, environmental conditions support coniferous forests as the dominant vegetation type. In the face of anthropogenic climate change, forests have a global role as potential sinks for atmospheric carbon (Goodale and others, 2002). Consequently, knowledge of the status of forests in the three large parks of the NCCN [that is, Mount Rainier (MORA), North Cascades (NOCA), and Olympic (OLYM) National Parks] is fundamental to understanding the condition of Pacific Northwest ecosystems. Diverse climate and soil properties across the Pacific Northwest result in a variety of forest types (Franklin and Dyrness, 1973; Franklin and others, 1988; Henderson and others, 1989, 1992). The mountainous terrain of Mount Rainier, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks create steep elevational and precipitation gradients within and among the parks: collectively, these parks span from sea level to more than 4,200 m; and include areas with precipitation from 90 to more than 500 cm. The resulting forests range from coastal rainforests with dense understories and massive trees draped with epiphytes; to areas with drought-adapted Ponderosa pines; to high-elevation subalpine fir forests interspersed with meadows just below treeline (table 1). These forests, in turn, are the foundation for other biotic communities constituting Pacific Northwest ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 8 of Section A, Biological Science; Book 2, Collection of Environmental Data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm2A8","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Coast and Cascades Network, National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Woodward, A., Hutten, K.M., Boetsch, J.R., Acker, S.A., Rochefort, R.M., Bivin, M.M., and Kurth, L.L., 2009, Forest Vegetation Monitoring Protocol for National Parks in the North Coast and Cascades Network (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 2-A8, vi, 229 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm2A8.","productDescription":"vi, 229 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_2_a8.gif"},{"id":12569,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm2a8/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, Andrea 0000-0003-0604-9115 awoodward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0604-9115","contributorId":3028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Andrea","email":"awoodward@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutten, Karen M.","contributorId":98839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutten","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boetsch, John R.","contributorId":36236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boetsch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Acker, Steven A.","contributorId":75248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acker","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rochefort, Regina M.","contributorId":91459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochefort","given":"Regina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bivin, Mignonne M.","contributorId":95978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bivin","given":"Mignonne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kurth, Laurie L.","contributorId":47050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurth","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":97445,"text":"ofr20091059 - 2009 - St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project— A progress report-November 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T19:05:54.84121","indexId":"ofr20091059","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1059","title":"St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project— A progress report-November 2008","docAbstract":"St. Louis has experienced minor earthquake damage at least 12 times in the past 200 years. Because of this history and its proximity to known active earthquake zones, the St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project (SLAEHMP) is producing digital maps that show variability of earthquake hazards, including liquefaction and ground shaking, in the St. Louis area. The maps will be available free via the internet. Although not site specific enough to indicate the hazard at a house-by-house resolution, they can be customized by the user to show specific areas of interest, such as neighborhoods or transportation routes.\r\n\r\nEarthquakes currently cannot be predicted, but scientists can estimate how strongly the ground is likely to shake as the result of an earthquake. Earthquake hazard maps provide one way of conveying such estimates. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), which produces earthquake hazard maps for the Nation, is working with local partners to develop detailed maps for urban areas vulnerable to strong ground shaking. These partners, which along with the USGS comprise the SLAEHMP, include the Missouri University of Science and Technology-Rolla (Missouri S&T), Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS), Saint Louis University, Missouri State Emergency Management Agency, and URS Corporation. Preliminary hazard maps covering a test portion of the 29-quadrangle St. Louis study area have been produced and are currently being evaluated by the SLAEHMP. A USGS Fact Sheet summarizing this project was produced and almost 1000 copies have been distributed at several public outreach meetings and field trips that have featured the SLAEHMP (Williams and others, 2007). In addition, a USGS website focusing on the SLAEHMP, which provides links to project results and relevant earthquake hazard information, can be found at: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/ceus/urban_map/st_louis/index.php. This progress report summarizes the methodology and data used to generate these preliminary maps. For more details about many of the topics in this summary the reader is referred to the Karadeniz (2007) and Chung (2007) Ph.D. theses.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091059","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project (SLAEHMP)","usgsCitation":"Karadeniz, D., Rogers, J., Williams, R.A., Cramer, C., Bauer, R., Hoffman, D., Chung, J., Hempen, G., Steckel, P., Boyd, O., Watkins, C., McCallister, N., and Schweig, E., 2009, St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project— A progress report-November 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1059, iii, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091059.","productDescription":"iii, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-11-01","temporalEnd":"2008-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12582,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1059/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388248,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86521.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Missouri","city":"St. Louis","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.33233642578124,\n              38.51808630316305\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9560546875,\n              38.51808630316305\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9560546875,\n              38.905995699991145\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.33233642578124,\n              38.905995699991145\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.33233642578124,\n              38.51808630316305\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4900","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karadeniz, D.","contributorId":91590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karadeniz","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, J.D.","contributorId":63501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cramer, C.H.","contributorId":100012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bauer, R.A.","contributorId":102599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoffman, D.","contributorId":72895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chung, J.","contributorId":100971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chung","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hempen, G.L.","contributorId":59532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hempen","given":"G.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Steckel, P.H.","contributorId":79199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steckel","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Boyd, O.L.","contributorId":6162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"O.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Watkins, C.M.","contributorId":101766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"McCallister, N.S.","contributorId":92777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCallister","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Schweig, E.","contributorId":91203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweig","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":97435,"text":"sim3066 - 2009 - Water-Table and Potentiometric-Surface Altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd Aquifers beneath Long Island, New York, March-April 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"sim3066","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3066","title":"Water-Table and Potentiometric-Surface Altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd Aquifers beneath Long Island, New York, March-April 2006","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with State and local agencies, systematically collects ground-water data at varying measurement frequencies to monitor the hydrologic situation on Long Island, New York. Each year during March and April, the USGS conducts a synoptic survey of hydrologic conditions to define the spatial distribution of the water table and potentiometric surfaces within the three main water-bearing units underlying Long Island - the upper glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers. These data and the maps constructed from them are commonly used in studies of Long Island's hydrology, and by water managers and suppliers for aquifer management and planning purposes.\r\n\r\nWater-level measurements made in 502 wells across Long Island during March-April 2006, were used to prepare the maps in this report. Measurements were made by the wetted-tape method to the nearest hundredth of a foot. Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes in these aquifers were contoured using these measurements. The water-table contours were interpreted using water-level data collected from 341 wells screened in the upper glacial aquifer and (or) shallow Magothy aquifer; the Magothy aquifer's potentiometric-surface contours were interpreted from measurements at 102 wells screened in the middle to deep Magothy aquifer and (or) contiguous and hydraulically connected Jameco aquifer; and the Lloyd aquifer's potentiometric-surface contours were interpreted from measurements at 59 wells screened in the Lloyd aquifer or contiguous and hydraulically connected North Shore aquifer. Many of the supply wells are in continuous operation and, therefore, were turned off for a minimum of 24 hours before measurements were made so that the water levels in the wells could recover to the level of the potentiometric head in the surrounding aquifer. Full recovery time at some of these supply wells can exceed 24 hours; therefore, water levels measured at these wells are assumed to be less accurate than those measured at observation wells, which are not pumped. In this report, all water-level altitudes are referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3066","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nassau County Department of Public Works, New York City Department of Environmental Protection, New York City Department of Environmental Conservation, Suffolk County Department of Health Services, Suffolk County Water Authority, Town of East Hampton, Town of North Hempstead, Town of Shelter Island, Town of South Hampton, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Monti, J., and Busciolano, R.J., 2009, Water-Table and Potentiometric-Surface Altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd Aquifers beneath Long Island, New York, March-April 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3066, 4 Map Sheets: each 72 x 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3066.","productDescription":"4 Map Sheets: each 72 x 34 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-03-01","temporalEnd":"2006-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110811,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86506.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"86506"},{"id":195733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12572,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3066/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.25,40.416666666666664 ], [ -74.25,41 ], [ -71.75,41 ], [ -71.75,40.416666666666664 ], [ -74.25,40.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ee028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monti, Jack Jr. jmonti@usgs.gov","contributorId":1185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monti","given":"Jack","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jmonti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busciolano, Ronald J. 0000-0002-9257-8453 rjbuscio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9257-8453","contributorId":55530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busciolano","given":"Ronald","email":"rjbuscio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97433,"text":"sir20095035 - 2009 - Inventory and Statistical Analysis of Sediment Data for Streams in Kentucky, 1950-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20095035","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5035","title":"Inventory and Statistical Analysis of Sediment Data for Streams in Kentucky, 1950-2008","docAbstract":"Suspended sediment is a constituent of water that is monitored because of concerns about accelerated erosion, nonpoint contamination of water resources, and degradation of aquatic environments. Understanding the availability of monitored sediment data for streams in Kentucky is critical to planning future modeling and monitoring efforts. In order to assess the availability of sediment data for Kentucky, long-term records were obtained from the National Water Information System (NWIS) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), the parameter traditionally measured and reported by the USGS, was statistically compared to turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS), two parameters that are considered surrogate data. Coincident observations of SSC with either turbidity or TSS were available for 42 sites. In combination with instantaneous streamflow, turbidity and TSS both proved to be significant indicators of SSC when data from all sites were used. Because of the perceived link between sediment and nutrient abundance in streams, sediment-parameter data at these sites were correlated to total-nitrogen and total-phosphorus concentrations. A significant relation (p-value < 0.05) was found between monitored nutrient concentrations and coincident sediment abundance, although there were no clear linear relations.\r\n\r\nThis compilation of data showed that SSC was monitored at 118 sites in Kentucky at some time between 1950 and 2008. As of March 2008, 9 sites were monitored for SSC in Kentucky (8 of which are new) down from a high of more than 60 SSC sites during the 1980s. Of these 118 SSC sites, 21 sites were also monitored for TSS; there are coincident records for both SSC and TSS at 6 sites. Forty-seven of these long-term water-quality sites were also monitored for turbidity; there are coincident records for SSC and turbidity at 42 sites, including all of those at which there are coincident data for TSS. The number of sites at which SSC and at least one other sediment parameter (TSS or turbidity) were monitored decreased from a high of 27 in 1987 to zero during the period 2001-2005.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Williamson, T., 2009, Inventory and Statistical Analysis of Sediment Data for Streams in Kentucky, 1950-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5035, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095035.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1950-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12570,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5035/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.8,36.083333333333336 ], [ -89.8,40.166666666666664 ], [ -81.6,40.166666666666664 ], [ -81.6,36.083333333333336 ], [ -89.8,36.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cf4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williamson, Tanja N. tnwillia@usgs.gov","contributorId":452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Tanja N.","email":"tnwillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97439,"text":"sir20085239 - 2009 - Geospatial data to support analysis of water-quality conditions in basin-fill aquifers in the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T14:08:33","indexId":"sir20085239","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5239","title":"Geospatial data to support analysis of water-quality conditions in basin-fill aquifers in the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"The Southwest Principal Aquifers study area consists of most of California and Nevada and parts of Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado; it is about 409,000 square miles. The Basin-fill aquifers extend through about 201,000 square miles of the study area and are the primary source of water for cities and agricultural communities in basins in the arid and semiarid southwestern United States (Southwest). The demand on limited ground-water resources in areas in the southwestern United States has increased significantly. This increased demand underscores the importance of understanding factors that affect the water quality in basin-fill aquifers in the region, which are being studied through the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. As a part of this study, spatial datasets of natural and anthropogenic factors that may affect ground-water quality of the basin-fill aquifers in the southwestern United States were developed. These data include physical characteristics of the region, such as geology, elevation, and precipitation, as well as anthropogenic factors, including population, land use, and water use. Spatial statistics for the alluvial basins in the Southwest have been calculated using the datasets. This information provides a foundation for the development of conceptual and statistical models that relate natural and anthropogenic factors to ground-water quality across the Southwest.\r\n\r\nA geographic information system (GIS) was used to determine and illustrate the spatial distribution of these basin-fill variables across the region. One hundred-meter resolution raster data layers that represent the spatial characteristics of the basins' boundaries, drainage areas, population densities, land use, and water use were developed for the entire Southwest.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085239","usgsCitation":"McKinney, T., and Anning, D.W., 2009, Geospatial data to support analysis of water-quality conditions in basin-fill aquifers in the southwestern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5239, Report: iv, 16 p.; HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085239.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 16 p.; HTML","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12576,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-109.050076,41.000659],[-102.051718,41.002377],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-103.002199,37.000104],[-103.002434,36.500397],[-103.041924,36.500439],[-103.043531,34.018014],[-103.064625,32.999899],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-106.618486,32.000495],[-106.639529,31.980348],[-106.618745,31.966955],[-106.625123,31.954531],[-106.616136,31.948439],[-106.629747,31.92657],[-106.611846,31.920003],[-106.645479,31.89867],[-106.629197,31.883717],[-106.635926,31.866235],[-106.605845,31.846305],[-106.605267,31.827912],[-106.577244,31.810406],[-106.547144,31.807305],[-106.528543,31.783907],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-111.074825,31.332239],[-112.246102,31.704195],[-114.813613,32.494277],[-114.803883,32.548002],[-114.791551,32.557023],[-114.810517,32.563828],[-114.799737,32.592178],[-114.809393,32.617119],[-114.781872,32.62505],[-114.764382,32.642666],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-116.04662,32.623353],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.192967,32.687751],[-117.213068,32.687751],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25757,32.72605],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.280971,32.822247],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.28077,33.012343],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.359484,33.164231],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.726486,33.483427],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.87679,33.592322],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-118.029694,33.676418],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.1755,33.763617],[-118.187701,33.749218],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.317205,33.712818],[-118.360505,33.736817],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.783433,34.021543],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.227743,34.161728],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.088591,34.460208],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.295051,34.470623],[-120.341369,34.458789],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.47661,34.475131],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.645739,34.581035],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.639283,34.880413],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.630957,35.101941],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.704203,35.173206],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.756086,35.160459],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.866099,35.393045],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-120.946546,35.446715],[-120.969436,35.460197],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.126027,35.593058],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.251034,35.656641],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.315786,35.75252],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.388053,35.823483],[-121.413146,35.855316],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.4862,35.970348],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.717176,36.195146],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.892917,36.340428],[-121.905446,36.358269],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.914378,36.404344],[-121.91474,36.42589],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.928769,36.523147],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.957335,36.564482],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.929666,36.636959],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.831995,36.644856],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.805643,36.750239],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.894667,36.961851],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.023373,36.96215],[-122.027174,36.95115],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.306139,37.116383],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.344029,37.144099],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.467888,37.49814],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.385323,37.790724],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.72950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,{"id":97444,"text":"fs20083078 - 2009 - Hazards management in Grand County, Colorado— Fire fuels characterization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-07T20:06:43.463855","indexId":"fs20083078","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3078","title":"Hazards management in Grand County, Colorado— Fire fuels characterization","docAbstract":"The USGS Fire Science Initiative is designed to identify potential wildfire risks and related hazards and to mitigate their effects on people, property, and natural resources. The USGS Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center (RMGSC) plays an integral role in the fire science demonstration project targeting Grand County, Colo., which uses remote sensing imagery, other geospatial data, and advanced classification techniques to produce inventories and assessments of the current state of the ecosystem. The data gathered - extent of tree mortality and insect infestation, changes in fire fuels, susceptibility to post-fire effects, distribution of wildland-urban interface areas, etc. - will give much needed information to decisionmakers on the Federal, State, and local levels.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20083078","usgsCitation":"Cole, C., Lile, E., and Briggs, J., 2009, Hazards management in Grand County, Colorado— Fire fuels characterization: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3078, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083078.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388918,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86516.htm"},{"id":12581,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":97442,"text":"sir20095058 - 2009 - Hydrodynamic simulations of physical aquatic habitat availability for Pallid Sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River, at Yankton, South Dakota, Kenslers Bend, Nebraska, Little Sioux, Iowa, and Miami, Missouri, 2006-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T14:38:54","indexId":"sir20095058","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5058","title":"Hydrodynamic simulations of physical aquatic habitat availability for Pallid Sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River, at Yankton, South Dakota, Kenslers Bend, Nebraska, Little Sioux, Iowa, and Miami, Missouri, 2006-07","docAbstract":"<p>The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity of habitat availability in the Lower Missouri River to discharge variation, with emphasis on habitats that might support spawning of the endangered pallid sturgeon. We constructed computational hydrodynamic models for four reaches that were selected because of evidence that sturgeon have spawned in them. The reaches are located at Miami, Missouri (river mile 259.6–263.5), Little Sioux, Iowa (river mile 669.6–673.5), Kenslers Bend, Nebraska (river mile 743.9–748.1), and Yankton, South Dakota reach (river mile 804.8–808.4). The models were calibrated for a range of measured flow conditions, and run for a range of discharges that might be affected by flow modifications from Gavins Point Dam. Model performance was assessed by comparing modeled and measured water velocities.</p><p>A selection of derived habitat units was assessed for sensitivity to hydraulic input parameters (drag coefficient and lateral eddy viscosity). Overall, model results were minimally sensitive to varying eddy viscosity; varying lateral eddy viscosity by 20 percent resulted in maximum change in habitat units of 5.4 percent. Shallow-water habitat units were most sensitive to variation in drag coefficient with 42 percent change in unit area resulting from 20 percent change in the parameter value; however, no habitat unit value changed more than 10 percent for a 10 percent variation in drag coefficient. Sensitivity analysis provides guidance for selecting habitat metrics that maximize information content while minimizing model uncertainties.</p><p>To assess model sensitivities arising from topographic variation from sediment transport on an annual time scale, we constructed separate models from two complete independent surveys in 2006 and 2007. The net topographic change was minimal at each site; the ratio of net topographic change to water volume in the reaches at 95 percent exceedance flow was less than 5 percent, indicating that on a reach-average basis, annual topographic change contributed little to habitat area variation. Net erosion occurred at Yankton (the upstream reach) and because erosion was distributed uniformly, there was little affect on many habitat metrics. Topographic change was spatially nonuniform at Little Sioux and Kenslers Bend reaches. Shallow water habitat units and some reach-scale patch statistics (edge density, patch density, and Simpson’s Diversity Index) were affected by these changes. Erosion dominated at the downstream reach but habitat metrics did not vary substantially from 2006 to 2007.</p><p>Among habitat metrics that were explored, zones of convergent flow were identified as areas that most closely correspond to spawning habitats of other sturgeon species, as identified in the scientific literature, and that are consistent with sparse data on pallid sturgeon spawning locations in the Lower Missouri River. Areas of convergent zone habitat varied little with discharges that would be associated with spring pulsed flows, and relations with discharge changed negligibly between 2006 and 2007.</p><p>Other habitat measures show how physical habitat varies with discharge and among the four reaches. Wake habitats defined by velocity gradients seem to correspond with migration pathways of adult pallid sturgeon. Habitats with low Froude-number correspond to low energy areas that may accumulate passively transporting particles, organic matter, and larval fish. Among the modeled reaches, Yankton had substantially longer water residence time for equivalent flow exceedances than the other three modeled reaches. Longer residence times result from greater flow resistance in the relatively wide, shallow channel and may be associated with longer residence times of passively transported particulate materials.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095058","collaboration":"Prepared for the Missouri River Recovery-Integrated Science Program U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Yankton, South Dakota","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Johnson, H.E., and Dietsch, B.J., 2009, Hydrodynamic simulations of physical aquatic habitat availability for Pallid Sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River, at Yankton, South Dakota, Kenslers Bend, Nebraska, Little Sioux, Iowa, and Miami, Missouri, 2006-07: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5058, vi, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095058.","productDescription":"vi, 68 p.","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341671,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5058/pdf/sir2009-5058.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12579,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5058/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100,38 ], [ -100,44 ], [ -88,44 ], [ -88,38 ], [ -100,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628e80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Harold E. III","contributorId":47470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Harold","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietsch, Benjamin J. 0000-0003-1090-409X bdietsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-409X","contributorId":1346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietsch","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdietsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97438,"text":"sir20095069 - 2009 - Evaluation of Sources of Nitrate Beneath Food Processing Wastewater-Application Sites near Umatilla, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20095069","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5069","title":"Evaluation of Sources of Nitrate Beneath Food Processing Wastewater-Application Sites near Umatilla, Oregon","docAbstract":"Water samples from wells were collected beneath and downgradient of two food-processing wastewater-application sites near Umatilla, Oregon. These samples were analyzed for nitrate stable isotopes, nutrients, major ions, and age-dating constituents to determine if nitrate-stable isotopes can be used to differentiate food-processing waste from other potential sources of nitrate. Major-ion data from each site were used to determine which samples were associated with the recharge of the food-processing wastewater. End-member mixing analysis was used to determine the relative amounts of each identified end member within the samples collected from the Terrace Farm site. The delta nitrogen-15 (delta 15N) of nitrate generally ranged between +2 and +9 parts per thousand and the delta oxygen-18 (delta 18O) of nitrate generally ranged between -2 and -7 parts per thousand. None of the samples that were determined to be associated with the wastewater were different from the samples that were not affected by the wastewater. The nitrate isotope values measured in this study are also characteristic of ammonium fertilizer, animal and human waste, and soil nitrate; therefore, it was not possible to differentiate between food-processing wastewater and the other nitrate sources. Values of delta 15N and delta 18O of nitrate provided no more information about the sources of nitrate in the Umatilla River basin than did a hydrologic and geochemical understanding of the ground-water system derived from interpreting water-level and major-ion chemistry data.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095069","usgsCitation":"Frans, L., Paulson, A., Richerson, P., Striz, E., and Black, C., 2009, Evaluation of Sources of Nitrate Beneath Food Processing Wastewater-Application Sites near Umatilla, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5069, vi, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095069.","productDescription":"vi, 15 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12575,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5069/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5dd866","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frans, Lonna","contributorId":79577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"Lonna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paulson, Anthony","contributorId":48660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulson","given":"Anthony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richerson, Phil","contributorId":45027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richerson","given":"Phil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Striz, Elise","contributorId":16948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striz","given":"Elise","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Black, Curt","contributorId":8581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Curt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":97441,"text":"fs20093020 - 2009 - National Streamflow Information Program: Implementation Status Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"fs20093020","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3020","title":"National Streamflow Information Program: Implementation Status Report","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operates and maintains a nationwide network of about 7,500 streamgages designed to provide and interpret long-term, accurate, and unbiased streamflow information to meet the multiple needs of many diverse national, regional, state, and local users. The National Streamflow Information Program (NSIP) was initiated in 2003 in response to Congressional and stakeholder concerns about (1) the decrease in the number of operating streamgages, including a disproportionate loss of streamgages with a long period of record; (2) the inability of the USGS to continue operating high-priority streamgages in an environment of reduced funding through partnerships; and (3) the increasing demand for streamflow information due to emerging resource-management issues and new data-delivery capabilities. The NSIP's mission is to provide the streamflow information and understanding required to meet national, regional, state, and local needs.\r\n\r\nMost of the existing streamgages are funded through partnerships with more than 850 other Federal, state, tribal, and local agencies. Currently, about 90 percent of the streamgages send data to the World Wide Web in near-real time (some information is transmitted within 15 minutes, whereas some lags by about 4 hours). The streamflow information collected at USGS streamgages is used for many purposes:\r\n\r\n\r\n*In water-resource appraisals and allocations - to determine how much water is available and how it is being allocated; \r\n*To provide streamflow information required by interstate agreements, compacts, and court decrees; \r\n*For engineering design of reservoirs, bridges, roads, culverts, and treatment plants; \r\n*For the operation of reservoirs, the operation of locks and dams for navigation purposes, and power production; \r\n*To identify changes in streamflow resulting from changes in land use, water use, and climate; \r\n*For streamflow forecasting, flood planning, and flood forecasting; \r\n*To support water-quality programs by allowing determination of constituent loads and fluxes; and \r\n*For characterizing and evaluating instream conditions for habitat assessments, instream-flow requirements, and recreation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093020","usgsCitation":"Norris, J.M., 2009, National Streamflow Information Program: Implementation Status Report: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3020, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093020.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3020.jpg"},{"id":12578,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b4154","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, J. Michael 0000-0002-7480-0161 mnorris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-0161","contributorId":1625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"J.","email":"mnorris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97428,"text":"ds439 - 2009 - Geochemical database for igneous rocks of the ancestral Cascades Arc— Southern segment, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-25T20:00:59.633971","indexId":"ds439","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"439","title":"Geochemical database for igneous rocks of the ancestral Cascades Arc— Southern segment, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"Volcanic rocks that form the southern segment of the Cascades magmatic arc are an important manifestation of Cenozoic subduction and associated magmatism in western North America. Until recently, these rocks had been little studied and no systematic compilation of existing composition data had been assembled. This report is a compilation of all available chemical data for igneous rocks that constitute the southern segment of the ancestral Cascades magmatic arc and complement a previously completed companion compilation that pertains to rocks that constitute the northern segment of the arc. Data for more than 2,000 samples from a diversity of sources were identified and incorporated in the database. The association between these igneous rocks and spatially and temporally associated mineral deposits is well established and suggests a probable genetic relationship. The ultimate goal of the related research is an evaluation of the time-space-compositional evolution of magmatism associated with the southern Cascades arc segment and identification of genetic associations between magmatism and mineral deposits in this region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds439","isbn":"9781411324053","usgsCitation":"du Bray, E.A., John, D.A., Putirka, K., and Cousens, B., 2009, Geochemical database for igneous rocks of the ancestral Cascades Arc— Southern segment, California and Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 439, CD-ROM; HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds439.","productDescription":"CD-ROM; HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388504,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86500.htm"},{"id":197773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12565,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/439/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.5,\n              37.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.5,\n              37.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.5,\n              42.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5,\n              42.0\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5,\n              37.0\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae9bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"du Bray, Edward A. 0000-0002-4383-8394 edubray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8394","contributorId":755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Bray","given":"Edward","email":"edubray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Putirka, Keith","contributorId":12950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Putirka","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cousens, Brian L.","contributorId":84038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cousens","given":"Brian L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97427,"text":"ofr20091058 - 2009 - Comparison of NLCD with NWI Classifications of Baldwin and Mobile Counties, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"ofr20091058","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1058","title":"Comparison of NLCD with NWI Classifications of Baldwin and Mobile Counties, Alabama","docAbstract":"An assessment of the accuracy of National Land Cover Data 2001 as compared to National Wetlands Inventory mapping of Mobile and Baldwin Counties conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Wetlands Research Center (NWRC). Both classifications were checked against stratified randomly selected ground-based sites and with each other to compare the accuracy of the NLCD with NWI classification methods. For this accuracy comparison, numerous visits were made by photointerpreters to the Mobile Bay area to establish signatures for the modified NWI mapping. After all of the quadrangles in Baldwin and Mobile Counties were mapped, an accuracy assessment of those maps was conducted by field-checking the mapped classes with ground-based check sites. These same sites were used to check the accuracy of the NLCD and also as the basis for cross-walking the NLCD and NWI classification systems for direct comparison of the two methods. This accuracy assessment is dependent on a methodology and analysis developed for the unique characteristics and properties of NWI classification, which is mapped to polygon, as compared to NLCD, which uses raster classification and mapping. This cartographic presentation results in fundamentally different classification boundaries. Overlaying these map types cannot prevent boundary differences resulting in a tremendous proliferation of sliver polygons. The intersection of both maps resulted in three-quarters of a million polygons, nearly half of which were less than the 900-m2 pixel size used in NLCD mapping (the smaller of the minimum mapping units of NWI and NLCD versus NWI mapping was about 0.5 ha). It is the authors' opinion that this cartographic difference needs to be more fully explored before accepting the accuracy difference between NWI and NLCD presented here at face value.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091058","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Mobile Bay National Estuary Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Handley, L., and Wells, C., 2009, Comparison of NLCD with NWI Classifications of Baldwin and Mobile Counties, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1058, iv, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091058.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12564,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1058/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handley, Larry","contributorId":66803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handley","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, Chris","contributorId":80382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97429,"text":"ds419 - 2009 - PRISM3/GISS Topographic Reconstruction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"ds419","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"419","title":"PRISM3/GISS Topographic Reconstruction","docAbstract":"The PRISM3/GISS topographic reconstruction is one of the global data sets incorporated into a new reconstruction for the mid-Piacenzian warm interval of the Pliocene, at about 3.3 to 3.0 Ma. The PRISM3/GISS topography-gridded data set is a digitization of a graphical reconstruction, provided at 2 deg x 2 deg resolution and based on updated paleoaltimetry data and a refined land/ocean mask. Mid-Piacenzian topography as shown in this data set is generally quite similar to modern topography, with three notable differences: (1) the coastline as shown is 25 meters higher than modern sea level, reflecting the hypothesized reduction in ice sheet volume; (2) Hudson Bay is filled in to low elevation, in the absence of evidence for submergence at that time; and (3) the West Antarctic ice sheet is absent, permitting open seaways to exist in Ellsworth and Marie Byrd Lands. Two alternate ice sheet configurations with corresponding vegetation schemes are available; one is a minor modification of the PRISM2 ice reconstruction, and one is derived from the British Antarctic Survey Ice Sheet Model (BAS ISM).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds419","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, and the Center for Climate Systems Research at Columbia University","usgsCitation":"Sohl, L.E., Chandler, M.A., Schmunk, R.B., Mankoff, K., Jonas, J.A., Foley, K.M., and Dowsett, H.J., 2009, PRISM3/GISS Topographic Reconstruction: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 419, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds419.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12566,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/419/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689de3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sohl, Linda E.","contributorId":48281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chandler, Mark A.","contributorId":101768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmunk, Robert B.","contributorId":106604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmunk","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mankoff, Ken","contributorId":26396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankoff","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jonas, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":12148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonas","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":97426,"text":"fs20093017 - 2009 - The National Geospatial Technical Operations Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:32","indexId":"fs20093017","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3017","title":"The National Geospatial Technical Operations Center","docAbstract":"The United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Geospatial Technical Operations Center (NGTOC) provides geospatial technical expertise in support of the National Geospatial Program in its development of The National Map, National Atlas of the United States, and implementation of key components of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093017","usgsCitation":"Craun, K.J., Constance, E.W., Donnelly, J., and Newell, M.R., 2009, The National Geospatial Technical Operations Center: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3017, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093017.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":425,"text":"National Geospatial Technical Operations Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3017.jpg"},{"id":12563,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bd30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craun, Kari J. 0000-0001-7875-2809 kcraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7875-2809","contributorId":3526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craun","given":"Kari","email":"kcraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constance, Eric W. 0000-0001-9687-7066 econstance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9687-7066","contributorId":2056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constance","given":"Eric","email":"econstance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donnelly, Jay","contributorId":78430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newell, Mark R. mnewell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Mark","email":"mnewell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":302076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97423,"text":"ds441 - 2009 - Hydrographs Showing Ground-Water Level Changes for Selected Wells in the Lower Skagit River Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:45","indexId":"ds441","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"441","title":"Hydrographs Showing Ground-Water Level Changes for Selected Wells in the Lower Skagit River Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"Hydrographs for selected wells in the Lower Skagit River basin, Washington, are presented in an interactive web-based map to illustrate monthly and seasonal changes in ground-water levels in the study area. Ground-water level data and well information were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey using standard techniques and were stored in the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS), Ground-Water Site-Inventory (GWSI) System.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds441","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Skagit County, Washington, and Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Fasser, E., and Julich, R.J., 2009, Hydrographs Showing Ground-Water Level Changes for Selected Wells in the Lower Skagit River Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 441, Available online, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds441.","productDescription":"Available online","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12559,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/441/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.53333333333333,48.25 ], [ -122.53333333333333,48.5 ], [ -122.06666666666666,48.5 ], [ -122.06666666666666,48.25 ], [ -122.53333333333333,48.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db61466e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fasser, E.T.","contributorId":81589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fasser","given":"E.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Julich, R. J.","contributorId":85666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julich","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97420,"text":"sir20095059 - 2009 - Hydrologic characterization for Spring Creek and hydrologic budget and model scenarios for Sheridan Lake, South Dakota, 1962-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T12:10:58","indexId":"sir20095059","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5059","title":"Hydrologic characterization for Spring Creek and hydrologic budget and model scenarios for Sheridan Lake, South Dakota, 1962-2007","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey cooperated with South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks to characterize hydrologic information relevant to management of water resources associated with Sheridan Lake, which is formed by a dam on Spring Creek. This effort consisted primarily of characterization of hydrologic data for a base period of 1962 through 2006, development of a hydrologic budget for Sheridan Lake for this timeframe, and development of an associated model for simulation of storage deficits and drawdown in Sheridan Lake for hypothetical release scenarios from the lake. Historically, the dam has been operated primarily as a 'pass-through' system, in which unregulated outflows pass over the spillway; however, the dam recently was retrofitted with an improved control valve system that would allow controlled releases of about 7 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) or less from a fixed depth of about 60 feet (ft).\r\n\r\nDevelopment of a hydrologic budget for Sheridan Lake involved compilation, estimation, and characterization of data sets for streamflow, precipitation, and evaporation. The most critical data need was for extrapolation of available short-term streamflow records for Spring Creek to be used as the long-term inflow to Sheridan Lake. Available short-term records for water years (WY) 1991-2004 for a gaging station upstream from Sheridan Lake were extrapolated to WY 1962-2006 on the basis of correlations with streamflow records for a downstream station and for stations located along two adjacent streams. Comparisons of data for the two streamflow-gaging stations along Spring Creek indicated that tributary inflow is approximately proportional to the intervening drainage area, which was used as a means of estimating tributary inflow for the hydrologic budget. Analysis of evaporation data shows that sustained daily rates may exceed maximum monthly rates by a factor of about two.\r\n\r\nA long-term (1962-2006) hydrologic budget was developed for computation of reservoir outflow from Sheridan Lake for the historical pass-through operating system. Two inflow components (stream inflow and precipitation) and one outflow component (evaporation) were considered. The hydrologic budget uses monthly time steps within a computational year that includes two 6-month periods - May through October, for which evaporation is accounted for, and November through April, when evaporation is considered negligible. Results indicate that monthly evaporation rates can substantially exceed inflow during low-flow periods, and potential exists for outflows to begin approaching zero-flow conditions substantially prior to the onset of zero-inflow conditions, especially when daily inflow and evaporation are considered. Results also indicate that September may be the month for greatest potential benefit for enhancing fish habitat and other ecosystem values in downstream reaches of Spring Creek with managed releases of cool water. Computed monthly outflows from Sheridan Lake for September are less than 1.0 ft3/s for 8 of the 44 years (18 percent) and are less than 2.0 ft3/s for 14 of the 44 years (32 percent). Conversely, none of the computed outflows for May are less than 2.0 ft3/s.\r\n\r\nA short-term (July through September 2007) data set was used to calculate daily evaporation from Sheridan Lake and to evaluate the applicability of published pan coefficients. Computed values of pan coefficients of approximately 1.0 and 1.1 for two low-flow periods are larger than the mean annual pan coefficient of 0.74 for the area that is reported in the literature; however, the computed values are consistent with pan coefficients reported elsewhere for similar late summer and early fall periods. Thus, these results supported the use of variable monthly pan coefficients for the long-term hydrologic budget.\r\n\r\nA hydrologic model was developed using the primary components of the hydrologic budget and was used to simulate monthly storage deficits and drawdown for Sheridan Lake using hypothetical ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095059","isbn":"9781411323988","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks","usgsCitation":"Driscoll, D.G., and Norton, P.A., 2009, Hydrologic characterization for Spring Creek and hydrologic budget and model scenarios for Sheridan Lake, South Dakota, 1962-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5059, viii, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095059.","productDescription":"viii, 81 p.","temporalStart":"1962-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12556,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5059/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Sheridan Lake, Spring Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.86749999999999,43.75 ], [ -103.86749999999999,44.25 ], [ -103.25,44.25 ], [ -103.25,43.75 ], [ -103.86749999999999,43.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6144aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driscoll, Daniel G. dgdrisco@usgs.gov","contributorId":1558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Daniel","email":"dgdrisco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norton, Parker A. 0000-0002-4638-2601 pnorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-2601","contributorId":2257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"Parker","email":"pnorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97417,"text":"fs20093012 - 2009 - Assessment of in-place oil shale resources of the Green River Formation, Piceance Basin, western Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-28T15:47:30","indexId":"fs20093012","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3012","title":"Assessment of in-place oil shale resources of the Green River Formation, Piceance Basin, western Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recently completed a reassessment of in-place oil shale resources, regardless of richness, in the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin, western Colorado. A considerable amount of oil-yield data has been collected after previous in-place assessments were published, and these data were incorporated into this new assessment. About twice as many oil-yield data points were used, and several additional oil shale intervals were included that were not assessed previously for lack of data. Oil yields are measured using the Fischer assay method. The Fischer assay method is a standardized laboratory test for determining the oil yield from oil shale that has been almost universally used to determine oil yields for Green River Formation oil shales. Fischer assay does not necessarily measure the maximum amount of oil that an oil shale can produce, and there are retorting methods that yield more than the Fischer assay yield. However, the oil yields achieved by other technologies are typically reported as a percentage of the Fischer assay oil yield, and thus Fischer assay is still considered the standard by which other methods are compared.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093012","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.C., Mercier, T.J., Brownfield, M.E., Pantea, M.P., and Self, J.G., 2009, Assessment of in-place oil shale resources of the Green River Formation, Piceance Basin, western Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3012, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093012.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3012.jpg"},{"id":12553,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3012/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,39 ], [ -109,40.25 ], [ -107.5,40.25 ], [ -107.5,39 ], [ -109,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b1e4b07f02db530840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mercier, Tracey J. 0000-0002-8232-525X tmercier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-525X","contributorId":2847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercier","given":"Tracey","email":"tmercier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pantea, Michael P. mpantea@usgs.gov","contributorId":1549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pantea","given":"Michael","email":"mpantea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Self, Jesse G.","contributorId":29459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":97418,"text":"sir20095031 - 2009 - Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to Simulate Runoff in Mustang Creek Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20095031","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5031","title":"Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to Simulate Runoff in Mustang Creek Basin, California","docAbstract":"This study is an evaluation of the calibration and validation of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) version 2005 watershed model for the Mustang Creek Basin, San Joaquin Valley, California. The study is part of a national study on the process of agricultural chemical movement through the hydrologic system, which is being done by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment program. The SWAT model was used to simulate streamflow in the Mustang Creek Basin on the basis of a set of model inputs derived and modified from various data sources.\r\n\r\nThe 2005 version of the model was calibrated for 29 days in February 2004, and validated for 58 days in January and February 2005. Measured streamflow for a USGS gaging station was used for model calibration and validation. Results of the simulated monthly streamflow had a Nash Sutcliffe efficiency value of 0.72 during the calibration period. The 2005 version of the model was unsuccessful in simulating streamflow during the validation period, as indicated by a Nash Sutcliffe efficiency value of 0.33. This lack of a successful simulation probably is due to the limited amount of measured streamflow data available for calibration, the ephemeral nature of flows in Mustang Creek, and the fact that the SWAT model was developed primarily for long time period (2 years and more) simulations and not for limited monthly simulations as used in Mustang Creek.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095031","usgsCitation":"Saleh, D.K., Kratzer, C.R., Green, C.H., and Evans, D.G., 2009, Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to Simulate Runoff in Mustang Creek Basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5031, vii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095031.","productDescription":"vii, 30 p.","temporalStart":"2003-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5031.jpg"},{"id":12554,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,37.25 ], [ -121,38 ], [ -119.25,38 ], [ -119.25,37.25 ], [ -121,37.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a2e4b07f02db5beb6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saleh, Dina K. 0000-0002-1406-9303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-9303","contributorId":24737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saleh","given":"Dina","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16706,"text":"California State University, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":302043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kratzer, Charles R.","contributorId":30619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, Colleen H.","contributorId":74103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Colleen","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, David G.","contributorId":80787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97419,"text":"gap16 - 2009 - Gap Analysis -A geographic approach to planning for biological diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T13:08:06","indexId":"gap16","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":30,"text":"GAP Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"16","title":"Gap Analysis -A geographic approach to planning for biological diversity","docAbstract":"<p>The Mission of the Gap Analysis Project (GAP)<span>&nbsp;</span>is to promote conservation by providing broad geographic information on biological diversity to resource managers, planners, and policy makers who can use the information to make informed decisions.</p><p>As part of the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII)<span>&nbsp;</span>—a collaborative program to provide increased access to data and information on the nation’s biological resources--GAP data and analytical tools have been used in hundreds of applications: from basic research to comprehensive state wildlife plans; from educational projects in schools to ecoregional assessments of biodiversity.</p><p>The challenge: keeping common species common means protecting them BEFORE they become threatened. To do this on a state or regional basis requires key information such as land cover descriptions, predicted distribution maps for native animals, and an assessment of the level of protection currently given to those plants and animals.</p><p>GAP works cooperatively with Federal, state, and local natural resource professionals and academics to provide this kind of information. GAP activities focus on the creation of state and regional databases and maps that depict patterns of land management, land cover, and biodiversity. These data can be used to identify “gaps” in conservation--instances where an animal or plant community is not adequately represented on the existing network of conservation lands.</p><p>GAP is administered through the U.S. Geological Survey. Through building partnerships among disparate groups, GAP hopes to foster the kind of collaboration that is needed to address conservation issues on a broad scale.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"2009, Gap Analysis -A geographic approach to planning for biological diversity: GAP Bulletin 16, 104 p.","productDescription":"104 p.","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38315,"text":"GAP Analysis Project","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12555,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gap/gap16/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1397","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Maxwell, Jill","contributorId":19650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"Jill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742257,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gergely, Kevin J. 0000-0002-4379-2189 gergely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4379-2189","contributorId":2706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gergely","given":"Kevin","email":"gergely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742258,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aycrigg, Jocelyn","contributorId":76422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aycrigg","given":"Jocelyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742259,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davidson, Anne","contributorId":48268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742260,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}}
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