{"pageNumber":"769","pageRowStart":"19200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68924,"records":[{"id":70193895,"text":"70193895 - 2010 - Comparison of atmospheric mercury speciation and deposition at nine sites across central and eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T20:10:12.434219","indexId":"70193895","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of atmospheric mercury speciation and deposition at nine sites across central and eastern North America","docAbstract":"This study presents >5 cumulative years of tropospheric mercury (Hg) speciation measurements, over the period of 2003–2009, for eight sites in the central and eastern United States and one site in coastal Puerto Rico. The purpose of this research was to identify local and regional processes that impact Hg speciation and deposition (wet + dry) across a large swath of North America. Sites sampled were selected to represent both\na wide range of mercury exposure and environmental conditions. Seasonal mean concentrations of elemental Hg (1.27 ± 0.31 to 2.94 ± 1.57 ng m−3; x ± s), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM; 1.5 ± 1.6 to 63.3 ± 529 pg m−3), and fine particulate Hg\n(1.2 ± 1.4 to 37.9 ± 492 pg m−3) were greatest at sites impacted by Hg point sources. Diel bin plots of Hgo and RGM suggest control by a variety of local/regional processes including impacts from Hg point sources and boundary layer/free tropospheric interactions as well as from larger‐scale processes affecting Hg speciation (i.e., input of the global Hg pool, RGM formed from oxidation of Hgo by photochemical compounds at coastal sites, and elemental Hg depletion during periods of dew formation). Comparison of wet Hg deposition (measured), RGM and fine particulate Hg dry deposition (calculated using a multiple resistance model), and anthropogenic point source emissions varied significantly between sites. Significant correlation between emission sources and dry deposition\nwas observed but was highly dependant upon inclusion of data from two sites with exceptionally high deposition. Findings from this study highlight the importance of environmental setting on atmospheric Hg cycling and deposition rates.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JD014064","usgsCitation":"Engle, M.A., Tate, M., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Schauer, J.J., Kolker, A., Shanley, J.B., and Bothner, M., 2010, Comparison of atmospheric mercury speciation and deposition at nine sites across central and eastern North America: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 115, no. D18, D18306; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014064.","productDescription":"D18306; 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-016936","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475628,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/3949","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348432,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.908203125,\n              24.046463999666567\n            ],\n            [\n              -57.65624999999999,\n              24.046463999666567\n            ],\n            [\n              -57.65624999999999,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.908203125,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.908203125,\n              24.046463999666567\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"D18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425f2e4b0dc0b45b456fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tate, Michael T. 0000-0003-1525-1219 mttate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1525-1219","contributorId":3144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"Michael T.","email":"mttate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schauer, James J","contributorId":200131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schauer","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bothner, Michael mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":200130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70160571,"text":"70160571 - 2010 - Distribution of Escherichia coli and Enterococci in water, sediments, and bank soils along North Shore Channel between Bridge Street and Wilson Avenue, Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T14:16:09","indexId":"70160571","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Distribution of Escherichia coli and Enterococci in water, sediments, and bank soils along North Shore Channel between Bridge Street and Wilson Avenue, Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago","docAbstract":"The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC) wished to know the distribution and potential sources of fecal indicator bacteria, E. coli and enterococci, in water, sediments, and upland soils along an upstream and downstream portion of the North Shore Channel (NSC) that is the receiving stream for the District’s North Side Water Reclamation Plant (NSWRP) outfall.  Biweekly water and sediment samples were collected between August and October 2008 and included the following locations upstream of the outfall: Bridge Street (UPS-1), Oakton Street (UPS-2), the NSWRP outfall (OF), and downstream: Foster Avenue (DNS-1), and Wilson Avenue (DNS-2).  E. coli and enterococci were consistently found in water and sediments at all sampling locations, with bacterial densities in water increasing below the NSWRP outfall; bacterial densities in sediment were more variable.  On a relative measurement basis (i.e., 100 ml=100 g), both E. coli and enterococci densities were significantly higher in sediments than water.  E. coli and enterococci were consistently recovered from bank soil along wooded, grassy, erosional, and depositional areas at two recreational parks, as well as other riparian areas along the river. Thus, soils along the river basin are likely sources of these bacteria to the NSC channel, introduced through runoff or other physical processes.  Tributaries, such as the North Branch of the Chicago River (NBCR) that flow into NSC near Albany Ave, may provide a constant source of E. coli and enterococci to the NSC.  Additionally, storm sewer outfalls may increase E. coli loadings to NSC during wet weather conditions.  Our findings suggest that the abundance of nonpoint sources contributing to the overall fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) load in the NSC channel may complicate bacteria source determination and remediation efforts to protect the stream water quality.","language":"English","publisher":"Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago Research and Development","usgsCitation":"Byappanahalli, M., Whitman, R.L., Shively, D., Przybyla-Kelly, K., and Lukasik, A.M., 2010, Distribution of Escherichia coli and Enterococci in water, sediments, and bank soils along North Shore Channel between Bridge Street and Wilson Avenue, Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, i, 42 p.","productDescription":"i, 42 p.","ipdsId":"IP-018276","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312773,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.mwrd.org/pv_obj_cache/pv_obj_id_85503FDE5AC97438028182B0D9D1FB3BB8B00600/filename/USGS-MWRD_Project_Report_Final.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Chicago","otherGeospatial":"North Shore Channel","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.82230377197266,\n              41.940339655623845\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.60395050048828,\n              41.940339655623845\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.60395050048828,\n              42.08115224423561\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.82230377197266,\n              42.08115224423561\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.82230377197266,\n              41.940339655623845\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1c0e4b0c2e071a99bbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara 0000-0001-5376-597X byappan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5376-597X","contributorId":147923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara","email":"byappan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shively, Dawn","contributorId":93014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"Dawn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Przybyla-Kelly, Katarzyna kprzybyla-kelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":3613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Przybyla-Kelly","given":"Katarzyna","email":"kprzybyla-kelly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lukasik, Ashley M.","contributorId":32421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lukasik","given":"Ashley","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70192423,"text":"70192423 - 2010 - GAGES: A stream gage database for evaluating natural and alteredflow conditions in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T12:12:51","indexId":"70192423","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GAGES: A stream gage database for evaluating natural and alteredflow conditions in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Stream flow is a controlling element in the ecology of rivers and streams. Knowledge of the natural flow regime facilitates the assessment of whether specific hydrologic attributes have been altered by humans in a particular stream and the establishment of specific goals for stream-flow restoration. Because most streams are ungaged or have been altered by human influences, characterizing the natural flow regime is often only possible by estimating flow characteristics based on nearby stream gages of reference quality, i.e., gaged locations that are least disturbed by human influences. The ability to evaluate natural stream flow, that which is not altered by human activities, would be enhanced by the existence of a nationally consistent and up-to-date database of gages in relatively undisturbed watersheds.\nAs part of a national effort to characterize stream-flow effects on ecological condition, data for 6785 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gages and their upstream watersheds were compiled. The sites comprise all USGS stream gages in the conterminous United States with at least 20 years of complete-year flow record from 1950–2007, and for which watershed boundaries could reliably be delineated (median size ¼ 578 km2). Several hundred watershed and site characteristics were calculated or compiled from national data sources, including environmental features (e.g., climate, geology, soils, topography) and anthropogenic influences (e.g., land use, roads, presence of dams, or canals).\nIn addition, watersheds were assessed for their reference quality within nine broad regions for use in studies intended to characterize stream flows under conditions minimally influenced by human activities. Three primary criteria were used to assess reference quality: (1) a quantitative index of anthropogenic modification within the watershed based on GIS-derived variables, (2) visual inspection of every stream gage and drainage basin from recent high-resolution imagery and topographic maps, and (3) information about man-made influences from USGS Annual Water Data Reports. From the set of 6785 sites, we identified 1512 as reference-quality stream gages. All data derived for these watersheds as well as the reference condition evaluation are provided as an online data set termed GAGES (geospatial attributes of gages for evaluating stream flow).","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/09-0889.1","usgsCitation":"Falcone, J.A., Carlisle, D.M., Wolock, D.M., and Meador, M., 2010, GAGES: A stream gage database for evaluating natural and alteredflow conditions in the conterminous United States: Ecology, v. 91, no. 2, p. 621-621, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0889.1.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"621","ipdsId":"IP-010360","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0889.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"91","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610a96e4b06e28e9c256b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falcone, James A. 0000-0001-7202-3592 jfalcone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7202-3592","contributorId":173496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"James","email":"jfalcone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":715776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meador, Michael R. mrmeador@usgs.gov","contributorId":615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael R.","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70173884,"text":"70173884 - 2010 - Influence of drought conditions on brown trout biomass and size structure in the Black Hills, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-15T13:30:17","indexId":"70173884","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of drought conditions on brown trout biomass and size structure in the Black Hills, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p><span>We evaluated the influence of drought conditions on the biomass of brown trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salmo trutta</i><span>&nbsp;in Spearfish Creek, upper Rapid Creek, and lower Rapid Creek in the Black Hills of western South Dakota. Stream discharge, mean summer water temperature, the biomass of juvenile and adult brown trout, and brown trout size structure were compared between two time periods: early (2000&ndash;2002) and late drought (2005&ndash;2007). Mean summer water temperatures were similar between the early- and late-drought periods in Spearfish Creek (12.4&deg;C versus 11.5&deg;C), lower Rapid Creek (19.2&deg;C versus 19.3&deg;C), and upper Rapid Creek (9.8&deg;C in both periods). In contrast, mean annual discharge differed significantly between the two time periods in Spearfish Creek (1.95 versus 1.50 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s), lower Rapid Creek (2.01 versus 0.94 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s), and upper Rapid Creek (1.41 versus 0.84 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s). The mean biomass of adult brown trout in all three stream sections was significantly higher in the early-drought than in the late-drought period (238 versus 69 kg/ha in Spearfish Creek, 272 versus 91 kg/ha in lower Rapid Creek, and 159 versus 32 kg/ha in upper Rapid Creek). The biomass of juvenile brown trout was similar (43 versus 23 kg/ha) in Spearfish Creek in the two periods, declined from 136 to 45 kg/ha in lower Rapid Creek, and increased from 14 to 73 kg/ha in upper Rapid Creek. Size structure did not differ between the early- and late-drought periods in lower Rapid and Spearfish creeks, but it did in upper Rapid Creek. In addition to drought conditions, factors such as angler harvest, fish movements, and the nuisance algal species&nbsp;</span><i>Didymosphenia geminata</i><span>&nbsp;are discussed as possible contributors to the observed changes in brown trout biomass and size structure in Black Hills streams.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/M09-199.1","usgsCitation":"James, D.A., Wilhite, J.W., and Chipps, S.R., 2010, Influence of drought conditions on brown trout biomass and size structure in the Black Hills, South Dakota: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 30, no. 3, p. 791-798, https://doi.org/10.1577/M09-199.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"798","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022492","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.05975341796875,\n              44.54154764174371\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.68896484375,\n              44.48866833139467\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.42529296875,\n              44.31795304574349\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.2220458984375,\n              44.17629471627438\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.1396484375,\n              44.089557802247725\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.128662109375,\n              43.92757183247523\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0570068359375,\n              43.92559366355069\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.05975341796875,\n              44.54154764174371\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57627c33e4b07657d19a69f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, Daniel A.","contributorId":41737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilhite, Jerry W.","contributorId":171897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilhite","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98975,"text":"sir20105198 - 2010 - Streamflow gain-loss characteristics of Elkhead Creek downstream from Elkhead Reservoir near Craig, Colorado, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:06","indexId":"sir20105198","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5198","title":"Streamflow gain-loss characteristics of Elkhead Creek downstream from Elkhead Reservoir near Craig, Colorado, 2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board, the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program (UCREFRP), Colorado Division of Water Resources, and City of Craig studied the gain-loss characteristics of Elkhead Creek downstream from Elkhead Reservoir to the confluence with the Yampa River during August through October 2009. Earlier qualitative interpretation of streamflow data downstream from the reservoir indicated that there could be a transit loss of nearly 10 percent. This potential loss could be a significant portion of the releases from Elkhead Reservoir requested by UCREFRP during late summer and early fall for improving critical habitat for endangered fish downstream in the Yampa River. Information on the gain-loss characteristics was needed for the effective management of the reservoir releases.\r\n\r\nIn order to determine streamflow gain-loss characteristics for Elkhead Creek, eight measurement sets were made at four strategic instream sites and at one diversion from August to early October 2009. An additional measurement set was made after the study period during low-flow conditions in November 2009. Streamflow measurements were made using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter to provide high accuracy and consistency, especially at low flows. During this study, streamflow ranged from about 5 cubic feet per second up to more than 90 cubic feet per second with step increments in between. Measurements were made at least 24 hours after a change in reservoir release (streamflow) during steady-state conditions.\r\n\r\nThe instantaneous streamflow measurements and the streamflow volume comparisons show the reach of Elkhead Creek immediately downstream from Elkhead Reservoir to the streamflow-gaging station 09246500, Elkhead Creek near Craig, CO, is neither a gaining nor losing reach. The instantaneous measurements immediately downstream from the dam and the combined measurements of Norvell ditch plus streamflow-gaging station 09246500 are mostly within the plus or minus 5-percent measurement error of each other. The variability of data is such that sometimes the streamflow is greater upstream than downstream and sometimes the streamflow is greater downstream than upstream. Streamflow volumes were calculated for multiple time periods as determined by a change in release from the reservoir. Streamflow volumes were greater downstream than upstream for all but one time period. The predominance of greater streamflows downstream is due to the difference between the USGS instantaneous measurements and record computation with the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) record at the dam. Immediately following an increase in streamflow from the reservoir, the downstream volume was smaller than the upstream volume, but this was an artifact of the traveltime between the two sites and possibly small amounts of water entering the streambank. Traveltimes were shorter at higher streamflows and when streamflow was increasing.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program, Colorado Division of Water Resources, and City of Craig\r\n","usgsCitation":"Ruddy, B.C., 2010, Streamflow gain-loss characteristics of Elkhead Creek downstream from Elkhead Reservoir near Craig, Colorado, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5198, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105198.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5198.bmp"},{"id":14408,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.43416666666667,40.516666666666666 ], [ -107.43416666666667,40.56666666666667 ], [ -107.36749999999999,40.56666666666667 ], [ -107.36749999999999,40.516666666666666 ], [ -107.43416666666667,40.516666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4ddb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruddy, Barbara C. bcruddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":4163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruddy","given":"Barbara","email":"bcruddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70192277,"text":"70192277 - 2010 - Effects of groundwater-flow paths on nitrate concentrations across two riparian forest corridors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T10:12:54","indexId":"70192277","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of groundwater-flow paths on nitrate concentrations across two riparian forest corridors","docAbstract":"Groundwater levels, apparent age, and chemistry from field sites and groundwater-flow modeling of hypothetical aquifers collectively indicate that groundwater-flow paths contribute to differences in nitrate concentrations across riparian corridors. At sites in Virginia (one coastal and one Piedmont), lowland forested wetlands separate upland fields from nearby surface waters (an estuary and a stream). At the coastal site, nitrate concentrations near the water table decreased from more than 10 mg/L beneath fields to 2 mg/L beneath a riparian forest buffer because recharge through the buffer forced water with concentrations greater than 5 mg/L to flow deeper beneath the buffer. Diurnal changes in groundwater levels up to 0.25 meters at the coastal site reflect flow from the water table into unsaturated soil where roots remove water and nitrate dissolved in it. Decreases in aquifer thickness caused by declines in the water table and decreases in horizontal hydraulic gradients from the uplands to the wetlands indicate that more than 95% of the groundwater discharged to the wetlands. Such discharge through organic soil can reduce nitrate concentrations by denitrification. Model simulations are consistent with field results, showing downward flow approaching toe slopes and surface waters to which groundwater discharges. These effects show the importance of buffer placement over use of fixed-width, streamside buffers to control nitrate concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00427.x","usgsCitation":"Speiran, G.K., 2010, Effects of groundwater-flow paths on nitrate concentrations across two riparian forest corridors: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 46, no. 2, p. 246-260, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00427.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"260","ipdsId":"IP-011818","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.973607,37.835817],[-75.971705,37.830928],[-75.977301,37.825821],[-75.982158,37.806226],[-75.987301,37.804917],[-75.9983,37.812626],[-75.999658,37.848198],[-75.992556,37.848889],[-75.988018,37.841085],[-75.973607,37.835817]]],[[[-76.029405,37.953776],[-75.994739,37.953501],[-76.017592,37.935161],[-76.032491,37.915008],[-76.04653,37.953586],[-76.029405,37.953776]]],[[[-75.242266,38.027209],[-75.296871,37.959043],[-75.334296,37.893477],[-75.359036,37.864143],[-75.374642,37.859454],[-75.40054,37.874865],[-75.437868,37.872324],[-75.467951,37.851328],[-75.514921,37.799149],[-75.581333,37.683593],[-75.586136,37.660653],[-75.610808,37.605909],[-75.612237,37.585602],[-75.608123,37.578018],[-75.595716,37.576657],[-75.594044,37.569698],[-75.63337,37.52214],[-75.666178,37.472124],[-75.66179,37.455028],[-75.665957,37.439209],[-75.697914,37.405301],[-75.720739,37.373129],[-75.727335,37.360346],[-75.726691,37.350127],[-75.735829,37.335426],[-75.765401,37.305596],[-75.778817,37.297176],[-75.784634,37.300976],[-75.798448,37.296285],[-75.79083,37.276207],[-75.799343,37.251779],[-75.789929,37.228134],[-75.804446,37.208011],[-75.800755,37.197297],[-75.897298,37.118037],[-75.912308,37.115154],[-75.92552,37.133601],[-75.945872,37.120514],[-75.97043,37.118608],[-75.978083,37.157338],[-76.013071,37.205366],[-76.010535,37.231579],[-76.025753,37.257407],[-76.023664,37.268971],[-76.015507,37.280874],[-76.023475,37.289067],[-76.018645,37.31782],[-76.014251,37.331943],[-75.987122,37.368548],[-75.97997,37.404608],[-75.983105,37.415802],[-75.981624,37.434116],[-75.960877,37.467562],[-75.963326,37.481785],[-75.958966,37.500133],[-75.940318,37.534582],[-75.937665,37.549652],[-75.941182,37.563839],[-75.924756,37.600215],[-75.909586,37.622671],[-75.868481,37.668224],[-75.868355,37.687609],[-75.859262,37.703111],[-75.837685,37.712985],[-75.827922,37.737986],[-75.812155,37.749502],[-75.803041,37.762464],[-75.818125,37.791698],[-75.784599,37.806826],[-75.743097,37.806656],[-75.73588,37.816561],[-75.723224,37.820124],[-75.71659,37.826696],[-75.709114,37.8477],[-75.689837,37.861817],[-75.685293,37.873341],[-75.687584,37.88634],[-75.709626,37.900622],[-75.753048,37.896605],[-75.758796,37.897615],[-75.757694,37.903912],[-75.712065,37.936082],[-75.704318,37.92901],[-75.693942,37.930362],[-75.669711,37.950796],[-75.655681,37.945435],[-75.647606,37.947027],[-75.648229,37.966775],[-75.638221,37.979397],[-75.629532,37.975966],[-75.633712,37.983057],[-75.624342,37.994208],[-75.242266,38.027209]]],[[[-77.041898,38.741514],[-77.041398,38.724515],[-77.045498,38.714315],[-77.053199,38.709915],[-77.079499,38.709515],[-77.1059,38.696815],[-77.132501,38.673816],[-77.135901,38.649817],[-77.1302,38.635017],[-77.157501,38.636417],[-77.174902,38.624217],[-77.202002,38.617217],[-77.216303,38.637817],[-77.240604,38.638917],[-77.246704,38.635217],[-77.247003,38.590618],[-77.26443,38.582845],[-77.26083,38.56533],[-77.276603,38.54712],[-77.276303,38.53962],[-77.283503,38.525221],[-77.310334,38.493926],[-77.322622,38.467131],[-77.32544,38.44885],[-77.310719,38.397669],[-77.317288,38.383576],[-77.296077,38.369797],[-77.279633,38.339444],[-77.265295,38.333165],[-77.240072,38.331598],[-77.162692,38.345994],[-77.138224,38.367917],[-77.08481,38.368297],[-77.069956,38.377895],[-77.056032,38.3962],[-77.043526,38.400548],[-77.011827,38.374554],[-77.016932,38.341697],[-77.030683,38.311623],[-77.026304,38.302685],[-76.99767,38.278047],[-76.981372,38.274214],[-76.96215,38.256486],[-76.957417,38.236341],[-76.967335,38.227185],[-76.962311,38.214075],[-76.937134,38.202384],[-76.910832,38.197073],[-76.875272,38.172207],[-76.838795,38.163476],[-76.788445,38.169199],[-76.760241,38.166581],[-76.743064,38.156988],[-76.738938,38.14651],[-76.721722,38.137635],[-76.704048,38.149264],[-76.701297,38.155718],[-76.684892,38.156497],[-76.665127,38.147638],[-76.643448,38.14825],[-76.629476,38.15305],[-76.613939,38.148587],[-76.604131,38.128771],[-76.600937,38.110084],[-76.579497,38.09487],[-76.543155,38.076971],[-76.535919,38.069532],[-76.516547,38.026566],[-76.469343,38.013544],[-76.462542,37.998572],[-76.416299,37.966828],[-76.343848,37.947345],[-76.265998,37.91138],[-76.236725,37.889174],[-76.251358,37.833072],[-76.275178,37.812664],[-76.282592,37.814109],[-76.284904,37.822308],[-76.293525,37.822717],[-76.307482,37.81235],[-76.310307,37.794849],[-76.306489,37.788646],[-76.312108,37.750522],[-76.304917,37.729913],[-76.312858,37.720338],[-76.300067,37.695364],[-76.302545,37.689],[-76.324808,37.676983],[-76.339892,37.655966],[-76.332562,37.645817],[-76.292534,37.636098],[-76.279447,37.618225],[-76.28037,37.613715],[-76.309174,37.621892],[-76.36232,37.610368],[-76.381106,37.627003],[-76.390054,37.630326],[-76.399236,37.628636],[-76.472392,37.665772],[-76.489576,37.666201],[-76.497564,37.647056],[-76.510187,37.642324],[-76.536548,37.663574],[-76.537228,37.698892],[-76.560476,37.727827],[-76.584289,37.76889],[-76.602024,37.772731],[-76.651413,37.796239],[-76.680197,37.825654],[-76.701606,37.822677],[-76.72718,37.842263],[-76.747552,37.875864],[-76.765711,37.879274],[-76.784618,37.869569],[-76.766328,37.840437],[-76.723863,37.788503],[-76.689773,37.78519],[-76.683775,37.781391],[-76.683372,37.765507],[-76.677002,37.7561],[-76.61971,37.744795],[-76.61997,37.731271],[-76.597213,37.717269],[-76.597868,37.702918],[-76.579591,37.671508],[-76.583143,37.661986],[-76.574049,37.646781],[-76.542666,37.616857],[-76.527188,37.611315],[-76.435474,37.612807],[-76.420252,37.598686],[-76.410781,37.581815],[-76.383188,37.573056],[-76.357835,37.573699],[-76.300144,37.561734],[-76.29796,37.557636],[-76.302762,37.551295],[-76.330598,37.536391],[-76.348992,37.536548],[-76.360474,37.51924],[-76.352678,37.504913],[-76.32947,37.49492],[-76.306952,37.497488],[-76.297739,37.506863],[-76.297651,37.515424],[-76.293599,37.516499],[-76.281043,37.507821],[-76.265056,37.481365],[-76.252415,37.447274],[-76.245283,37.386839],[-76.24846,37.375135],[-76.264847,37.357399],[-76.272888,37.335174],[-76.275552,37.309964],[-76.282555,37.319107],[-76.308581,37.329366],[-76.31205,37.338088],[-76.337476,37.364014],[-76.387112,37.385061],[-76.393958,37.39594],[-76.415167,37.402133],[-76.418719,37.3978],[-76.418176,37.385064],[-76.437525,37.37975],[-76.445333,37.36646],[-76.406388,37.332924],[-76.38777,37.30767],[-76.381075,37.28534],[-76.369029,37.279311],[-76.352556,37.278334],[-76.349489,37.273963],[-76.392788,37.264973],[-76.417173,37.26395],[-76.421765,37.255198],[-76.429141,37.25331],[-76.475927,37.250543],[-76.48284,37.254831],[-76.493302,37.24947],[-76.50364,37.233856],[-76.494008,37.225408],[-76.471799,37.216016],[-76.394132,37.22515],[-76.389793,37.222981],[-76.396052,37.201087],[-76.389284,37.193503],[-76.391252,37.179887],[-76.399659,37.160272],[-76.381379,37.155711],[-76.35969,37.16858],[-76.348658,37.170655],[-76.343234,37.166207],[-76.34405,37.160367],[-76.334017,37.144223],[-76.311088,37.138495],[-76.292344,37.126615],[-76.271262,37.084544],[-76.304272,37.001378],[-76.315008,37.001683],[-76.318065,37.013846],[-76.34011,37.015212],[-76.348066,37.006747],[-76.383367,36.993347],[-76.411768,36.962847],[-76.428869,36.969947],[-76.452118,36.998163],[-76.452461,37.004603],[-76.448231,37.007705],[-76.464471,37.027547],[-76.518242,37.055351],[-76.526273,37.062947],[-76.526203,37.077773],[-76.536875,37.083942],[-76.555066,37.075859],[-76.564219,37.077507],[-76.579499,37.096627],[-76.618252,37.119347],[-76.62478,37.127091],[-76.622252,37.142146],[-76.604476,37.160034],[-76.606684,37.166674],[-76.610972,37.166994],[-76.623292,37.198738],[-76.649869,37.220914],[-76.689166,37.222866],[-76.730951,37.213813],[-76.74,37.195379],[-76.75047,37.190098],[-76.757765,37.191658],[-76.780532,37.209336],[-76.801023,37.206043],[-76.802511,37.198308],[-76.796905,37.189404],[-76.756899,37.161582],[-76.747632,37.150548],[-76.73032,37.145395],[-76.715295,37.148035],[-76.696735,37.174403],[-76.691918,37.195731],[-76.685614,37.198851],[-76.663774,37.173875],[-76.67147,37.158739],[-76.671588,37.14206],[-76.666542,37.138179],[-76.656894,37.109843],[-76.669822,37.06426],[-76.662558,37.045748],[-76.646013,37.036228],[-76.612124,37.035604],[-76.586491,37.02874],[-76.562923,37.003796],[-76.524853,36.983833],[-76.521006,36.973187],[-76.513363,36.968057],[-76.500355,36.965212],[-76.487559,36.952372],[-76.482407,36.917364],[-76.483369,36.896239],[-76.469914,36.882898],[-76.454692,36.884077],[-76.453941,36.89274],[-76.441605,36.906116],[-76.407507,36.897444],[-76.387567,36.899547],[-76.385867,36.923247],[-76.345569,36.924531],[-76.344663,36.919313],[-76.328864,36.918447],[-76.330765,36.938647],[-76.327365,36.959447],[-76.315867,36.955351],[-76.297663,36.968147],[-76.267962,36.964547],[-76.22166,36.939547],[-76.139557,36.923047],[-76.095508,36.908817],[-76.058154,36.916947],[-76.033454,36.931946],[-76.013753,36.930746],[-75.996252,36.922047],[-75.94955,36.76115],[-75.921748,36.692051],[-75.890946,36.630753],[-75.874145,36.583853],[-75.867044,36.550754],[-76.915897,36.552093],[-76.916048,36.543815],[-77.152691,36.544078],[-77.16966,36.547315],[-77.205156,36.544581],[-78.245462,36.544411],[-78.529722,36.540981],[-80.122183,36.542646],[-80.295243,36.543973],[-80.704831,36.562319],[-80.837089,36.559154],[-81.003802,36.563629],[-81.176712,36.571926],[-81.442228,36.576822],[-81.600934,36.587019],[-81.677535,36.588117],[-81.6469,36.611918],[-81.922644,36.616213],[-81.934144,36.594213],[-83.248933,36.593827],[-83.2763,36.598187],[-83.55681,36.597384],[-83.675413,36.600814],[-83.649513,36.616683],[-83.645213,36.624183],[-83.628913,36.624083],[-83.607913,36.637083],[-83.577312,36.641784],[-83.562612,36.651284],[-83.541812,36.656584],[-83.529612,36.666184],[-83.498011,36.670485],[-83.466483,36.6647],[-83.423707,36.667385],[-83.395806,36.676786],[-83.386099,36.686589],[-83.307103,36.711387],[-83.194597,36.739487],[-83.136395,36.743088],[-83.127833,36.750828],[-83.126719,36.761],[-83.132477,36.764398],[-83.128494,36.775588],[-83.131694,36.781488],[-83.103092,36.806689],[-83.098492,36.814289],[-83.101792,36.829089],[-83.07519,36.840889],[-83.07259,36.854589],[-83.047589,36.851789],[-83.026887,36.855489],[-83.021887,36.849989],[-83.009222,36.847295],[-82.998376,36.85663],[-82.970253,36.857686],[-82.951685,36.866152],[-82.907774,36.874706],[-82.906325,36.87974],[-82.879492,36.889085],[-82.870068,36.901735],[-82.877473,36.90796],[-82.858635,36.927785],[-82.861282,36.944848],[-82.856099,36.952471],[-82.87023,36.965498],[-82.868455,36.976481],[-82.862926,36.979975],[-82.857936,36.978276],[-82.853729,36.985178],[-82.845002,36.983812],[-82.836008,36.988837],[-82.830802,36.993445],[-82.828592,37.005707],[-82.782144,37.008242],[-82.759175,37.027333],[-82.747981,37.025214],[-82.743684,37.041397],[-82.722472,37.045101],[-82.727022,37.073019],[-82.718353,37.075706],[-82.717204,37.079544],[-82.724954,37.091905],[-82.721617,37.101276],[-82.726449,37.114985],[-82.722097,37.120168],[-82.684601,37.135835],[-82.676765,37.134965],[-82.651646,37.151908],[-82.633493,37.154264],[-82.592451,37.182847],[-82.550372,37.204458],[-82.531576,37.209163],[-82.528746,37.213742],[-82.520117,37.212906],[-82.498858,37.227044],[-82.491486,37.225086],[-82.487317,37.230578],[-82.457016,37.238288],[-82.449164,37.243908],[-82.350948,37.267077],[-82.342068,37.274109],[-82.341849,37.280886],[-82.324619,37.28318],[-82.309415,37.300066],[-81.968297,37.537798],[-81.969279,37.534325],[-81.959362,37.53522],[-81.953524,37.528056],[-81.943981,37.5303],[-81.94766,37.52508],[-81.943693,37.521212],[-81.944756,37.513657],[-81.938749,37.512902],[-81.933088,37.518968],[-81.926391,37.514207],[-81.941151,37.509483],[-81.943912,37.502929],[-81.951831,37.50205],[-81.953264,37.491763],[-81.964986,37.493488],[-81.977593,37.484603],[-81.992916,37.482969],[-81.995649,37.469833],[-81.987006,37.454878],[-81.976176,37.457186],[-81.965582,37.446918],[-81.949367,37.445687],[-81.945765,37.440214],[-81.935621,37.438397],[-81.940553,37.429058],[-81.93695,37.41992],[-81.923481,37.411379],[-81.930042,37.405291],[-81.928778,37.393845],[-81.936744,37.38073],[-81.926697,37.364618],[-81.928497,37.360645],[-81.916678,37.349346],[-81.899495,37.341102],[-81.893773,37.330105],[-81.880886,37.331146],[-81.860267,37.315715],[-81.865429,37.31012],[-81.859624,37.304765],[-81.856032,37.306742],[-81.853551,37.287701],[-81.849949,37.285227],[-81.838762,37.286343],[-81.834432,37.285416],[-81.83447,37.281763],[-81.819625,37.279411],[-81.805382,37.285622],[-81.793595,37.284838],[-81.793639,37.282188],[-81.789294,37.284416],[-81.774747,37.274847],[-81.76022,37.275254],[-81.745505,37.26133],[-81.744291,37.244178],[-81.739277,37.238837],[-81.723061,37.240493],[-81.716248,37.234321],[-81.71573,37.228771],[-81.695113,37.21357],[-81.683544,37.211452],[-81.683268,37.205649],[-81.678603,37.202467],[-81.5536,37.208443],[-81.545211,37.220165],[-81.508786,37.232564],[-81.498874,37.258025],[-81.492287,37.25096],[-81.480144,37.251121],[-81.449068,37.269583],[-81.416663,37.273214],[-81.40506,37.298794],[-81.398185,37.302965],[-81.394287,37.316411],[-81.388132,37.319903],[-81.374455,37.318614],[-81.362156,37.337687],[-81.320105,37.299323],[-81.225104,37.234874],[-81.167029,37.262881],[-81.112596,37.278497],[-80.979589,37.302279],[-80.981322,37.293465],[-80.966556,37.292158],[-80.947896,37.295872],[-80.900535,37.315],[-80.868986,37.338573],[-80.849451,37.346909],[-80.883248,37.383933],[-80.862761,37.411829],[-80.865148,37.419927],[-80.859563,37.429558],[-80.846324,37.423394],[-80.837678,37.425658],[-80.808769,37.406271],[-80.806129,37.398074],[-80.784188,37.394587],[-80.770082,37.372363],[-80.705203,37.394618],[-80.645893,37.422147],[-80.63439,37.431227],[-80.622664,37.433307],[-80.552036,37.473563],[-80.511391,37.481672],[-80.492981,37.457749],[-80.49728,37.444779],[-80.494867,37.43507],[-80.475601,37.422949],[-80.371952,37.474069],[-80.36317,37.480001],[-80.366838,37.484879],[-80.309331,37.50288],[-80.299789,37.508271],[-80.282385,37.533517],[-80.291644,37.536505],[-80.309346,37.527381],[-80.330306,37.536244],[-80.312393,37.546239],[-80.328504,37.564315],[-80.258919,37.595499],[-80.240272,37.606961],[-80.220984,37.627767],[-80.267228,37.646011],[-80.279372,37.657077],[-80.296138,37.691783],[-80.253077,37.725899],[-80.252024,37.729825],[-80.262765,37.738336],[-80.257411,37.756084],[-80.251622,37.755866],[-80.246902,37.768309],[-80.230458,37.778305],[-80.217634,37.776775],[-80.215892,37.781989],[-80.227965,37.791714],[-80.227092,37.798886],[-80.218611,37.809783],[-80.206482,37.81597],[-80.199633,37.827507],[-80.179391,37.839751],[-80.183062,37.850646],[-80.176712,37.854029],[-80.162202,37.875122],[-80.148951,37.886892],[-80.141947,37.882616],[-80.12362,37.897943],[-80.117747,37.89772],[-80.118967,37.903614],[-80.102931,37.918911],[-80.096563,37.918112],[-80.074514,37.942221],[-80.04841,37.957481],[-79.999384,37.995842],[-79.995901,38.005791],[-79.973701,38.032556],[-79.954369,38.080397],[-79.92633,38.107151],[-79.938051,38.110759],[-79.944843,38.131585],[-79.933751,38.135508],[-79.925512,38.150237],[-79.918662,38.15479],[-79.914884,38.167524],[-79.917924,38.168399],[-79.916622,38.177994],[-79.921026,38.179954],[-79.91441,38.188418],[-79.898426,38.193045],[-79.888045,38.20736],[-79.850324,38.233329],[-79.846445,38.240003],[-79.835124,38.241892],[-79.830882,38.249687],[-79.817149,38.249511],[-79.811987,38.260401],[-79.806333,38.259193],[-79.790134,38.267654],[-79.789791,38.281167],[-79.795448,38.290228],[-79.802778,38.292073],[-79.810115,38.305037],[-79.808711,38.309429],[-79.79655,38.32348],[-79.77309,38.335529],[-79.764432,38.356514],[-79.740615,38.354101],[-79.725973,38.363229],[-79.72679,38.370832],[-79.730494,38.372217],[-79.72635,38.38707],[-79.706634,38.41573],[-79.689675,38.431439],[-79.691478,38.446282],[-79.688365,38.45687],[-79.698929,38.469869],[-79.693424,38.481011],[-79.697572,38.487223],[-79.692273,38.496474],[-79.682974,38.501317],[-79.680374,38.510617],[-79.670474,38.507717],[-79.663474,38.514117],[-79.662974,38.518717],[-79.672974,38.528717],[-79.666874,38.538317],[-79.669275,38.549516],[-79.665075,38.560916],[-79.659275,38.562416],[-79.659375,38.572616],[-79.649075,38.591515],[-79.53827,38.551817],[-79.521469,38.533918],[-79.476638,38.457228],[-79.312276,38.411876],[-79.288432,38.42096],[-79.282971,38.418095],[-79.279678,38.424173],[-79.282762,38.431647],[-79.267414,38.438322],[-79.254435,38.455949],[-79.242641,38.454168],[-79.240059,38.469841],[-79.225669,38.476471],[-79.219067,38.487441],[-79.210591,38.492913],[-79.206959,38.503522],[-79.210959,38.507422],[-79.205859,38.524521],[-79.176658,38.56552],[-79.170958,38.56812],[-79.170858,38.574119],[-79.158657,38.592319],[-79.159158,38.601219],[-79.151257,38.620618],[-79.131057,38.653217],[-79.122256,38.659817],[-79.106356,38.656217],[-79.092955,38.659517],[-79.084355,38.686516],[-79.090755,38.692515],[-79.092755,38.702315],[-79.072555,38.747513],[-79.057554,38.760213],[-79.055654,38.770913],[-79.051554,38.772613],[-79.054954,38.785713],[-79.046554,38.792113],[-79.029253,38.791013],[-79.023053,38.798613],[-79.024053,38.809212],[-79.019553,38.817912],[-79.006152,38.824512],[-78.998171,38.847353],[-78.993997,38.850102],[-78.869276,38.762991],[-78.786025,38.887187],[-78.759085,38.900529],[-78.738921,38.927283],[-78.718482,38.934267],[-78.71981,38.905907],[-78.717178,38.904296],[-78.704323,38.915231],[-78.69738,38.915602],[-78.670679,38.9338],[-78.646589,38.968138],[-78.638423,38.966819],[-78.625672,38.982575],[-78.620453,38.982601],[-78.618676,38.974082],[-78.611184,38.976134],[-78.601655,38.964603],[-78.570462,39.001552],[-78.550467,39.018065],[-78.571901,39.031995],[-78.540216,39.060631],[-78.522714,39.071062],[-78.495984,39.09898],[-78.478426,39.109843],[-78.475376,39.107469],[-78.459869,39.113351],[-78.439429,39.132146],[-78.427294,39.152726],[-78.403697,39.167451],[-78.426315,39.182762],[-78.428697,39.187217],[-78.424292,39.192156],[-78.438651,39.198049],[-78.405585,39.231176],[-78.404214,39.241214],[-78.399669,39.243874],[-78.418584,39.256065],[-78.414204,39.26391],[-78.367242,39.310148],[-78.364686,39.317312],[-78.35894,39.319484],[-78.346301,39.339108],[-78.347634,39.34272],[-78.339284,39.348605],[-78.34048,39.353492],[-78.366867,39.35929],[-78.343214,39.388807],[-78.350014,39.392861],[-78.349436,39.397252],[-78.359918,39.409028],[-78.346718,39.427618],[-78.353227,39.436792],[-78.346061,39.445613],[-78.345143,39.459484],[-78.349476,39.462205],[-78.347087,39.466012],[-77.828157,39.132329],[-77.822182,39.139985],[-77.821413,39.15241],[-77.805991,39.172421],[-77.793631,39.210125],[-77.771415,39.236776],[-77.767277,39.24938],[-77.770589,39.249393],[-77.770669,39.255262],[-77.762844,39.258445],[-77.747287,39.295001],[-77.730047,39.315666],[-77.719029,39.321125],[-77.692984,39.31845],[-77.677123,39.324077],[-77.650997,39.310784],[-77.615939,39.302722],[-77.592739,39.30129],[-77.566596,39.306121],[-77.561826,39.301913],[-77.560854,39.286152],[-77.540581,39.264947],[-77.486813,39.247586],[-77.45812,39.22614],[-77.459883,39.218682],[-77.47361,39.208407],[-77.477362,39.190495],[-77.505162,39.18205],[-77.516426,39.170891],[-77.527282,39.146236],[-77.524559,39.127821],[-77.519929,39.120925],[-77.4858,39.109303],[-77.458202,39.073723],[-77.38568,39.061987],[-77.340287,39.062991],[-77.293105,39.046508],[-77.274706,39.034091],[-77.248403,39.026909],[-77.244603,39.020109],[-77.255703,39.002409],[-77.249203,38.993709],[-77.249803,38.985909],[-77.234803,38.97631],[-77.232268,38.979502],[-77.221502,38.97131],[-77.197502,38.96681],[-77.183002,38.96881],[-77.148179,38.965002],[-77.1034,38.912911],[-77.0902,38.904211],[-77.067299,38.899211],[-77.058254,38.880069],[-77.049099,38.870712],[-77.046599,38.874912],[-77.039099,38.868112],[-77.031698,38.850512],[-77.032798,38.841712],[-77.044199,38.840212],[-77.044899,38.834712],[-77.039199,38.832212],[-77.035798,38.814913],[-77.041898,38.741514]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Virginia\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"46","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05126e4b0220bbd9a1dcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speiran, Gary K. 0000-0002-6505-1170 gspeiran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6505-1170","contributorId":3233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speiran","given":"Gary","email":"gspeiran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70193263,"text":"70193263 - 2010 - Storm surge modeling and applications in coastal areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-05T15:14:28","indexId":"70193263","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Storm surge modeling and applications in coastal areas","docAbstract":"<p>This chapter introduces the reader to a wide spectrum of storm surge modeling systems used to assess the impact of tropical cyclones, covering a range of numerical methods, model domains, forcing and boundary conditions, and purposes. New technologies to obtain data such as deployment of temporary sensors and remote sensing practices to support modeling are also presented. Extensive storm surge modeling applications have been made with existing modeling systems and some of them are described in this chapter.</p><p>The authors recognize the importance of evaluating river-ocean interactions in coastal environments during tropical cyclones. Therefore, the coupling of hydraulic (riverine) and storm surge models is discussed. In addition, results from studies performed in the coast of India are shown which generated maps to help emergency managers and reduce risk due to coastal inundation.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"World Scientific Series on Asia-Pacific Weather and Climate","language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific Publishing Co","doi":"10.1142/9789814293488_0012","usgsCitation":"Dube, S.K., Murty, T.S., Feyen, J.C., Cabrera, R., Harper, B.A., Bales, J.D., and Amer, S., 2010, Storm surge modeling and applications in coastal areas, chap. <i>of</i> World Scientific Series on Asia-Pacific Weather and Climate, v. 4, p. 363-406, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814293488_0012.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"406","ipdsId":"IP-008464","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610a95e4b06e28e9c256b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dube, Shisir K.","contributorId":199237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dube","given":"Shisir","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murty, Tad S.","contributorId":199238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murty","given":"Tad","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feyen, Jesse C.","contributorId":199236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feyen","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cabrera, Reggina","contributorId":201161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cabrera","given":"Reggina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harper, Bruce A.","contributorId":201162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harper","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Amer, Saud A. samer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amer","given":"Saud A.","email":"samer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":349,"text":"International Water Resources Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70189957,"text":"70189957 - 2010 - Methods based on surface-water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T17:29:14.385031","indexId":"70189957","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Methods based on surface-water data","docAbstract":"<p>Streamflow data are commonly used to estimate recharge rates in humid and subhumid regions, in part because of the abundance of streamflow data and the availability of computer programs for analyzing those data. Most of the methods described in this chapter are easy to use, but application of any of the methods should be accompanied by a careful analysis of the underlying assumptions. The methods estimate exchange rates between groundwater and surface-water bodies. That exchange can represent focused recharge from a losing stream, or, as in the case of groundwater discharge to a stream, the exchange can reflect diffuse recharge that occurs over widespread areas. Some of these methods may be unfamiliar to groundwater hydrologists because they were not developed specifically for the study of groundwater recharge; instead, they were developed for purposes such as sizing of culverts and bridge openings, predicting low-flow rates in streams, or developing an understanding of stream-water quality and the ability of a stream to assimilate solutes and contaminants. The fact that base-flow or recharge estimates are generated as byproducts of these methods does not diminish the usefulness or applicability of the methods in recharge studies.</p><p>Techniques presented herein include the stream water-budget method, seepage meters, Darcy methods, streamflow duration curves, traditional streamflow hydrograph analyses (including hydrograph separation and recession-curve displacement), and chemical and isotopic hydrograph separation techniques. Some of these methods are designed specifically for estimating focused recharge; others are for estimating diffuse recharge. Discussions are centered on groundwater movement to or from streams, but the principles discussed and the methods described are equally applicable for groundwater exchange with other surface-water bodies, such as lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands. Proper application of any method requires a good conceptual model of the hydrologic system and a solid understanding of underlying assumptions. Prior to presentation of individual methods, background discussions are given on the exchange of groundwater and surface water and on the relationship between base flow and recharge. These discussions illustrate assumptions inherent to the methods and provide some guidelines for assessing the validity of those assumptions.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating groundwater recharge","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511780745.005","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., 2010, Methods based on surface-water data, chap. 4 <i>of</i> Estimating groundwater recharge, p. 74-96, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511780745.005.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"96","ipdsId":"IP-012364","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59819317e4b0e2f5d463b7ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70003516,"text":"70003516 - 2010 - Estimating carcass persistence and scavenging bias in a human‐influenced landscape in western Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T20:19:33.552485","indexId":"70003516","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating carcass persistence and scavenging bias in a human‐influenced landscape in western Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>&nbsp;We examined variation in persistence rates of waterfowl carcasses placed along a series of transects in tundra habitats in western Alaska. This study was designed to assess the effects of existing tower structures and was replicated with separate trials in winter, summer and fall as both the resident avian population and the suite of potential scavengers varied seasonally. Carcass persistence rates were uniformly low, with &lt;50% of carcasses persisting for more than a day on average. Persistence rate varied by carcass age, carcass size, among transects and was lowest in the fall and highest in the summer. We found little support for models where persistence varied in relation to the presence of tower structures. We interpret this as evidence that scavengers were not habituated to searching for carcasses near these structures. Our data demonstrate that only a small fraction of bird carcasses are likely to persist between searches, and if not appropriately accounted for, scavenging bias could significantly influence bird mortality estimates. The variation that we documented suggests that persistence rates should not be extrapolated among tower locations or across time periods as the variation in carcass persistence will result in biased estimates of total bird strike mortality.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00262.x","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Lance, E.W., Sowl, K.M., and Donnelly, T.F., 2010, Estimating carcass persistence and scavenging bias in a human‐influenced landscape in western Alaska: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 81, no. 2, p. 206-214, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00262.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"214","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383174,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cold Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -163.25958251953128,\n              54.930298209559496\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.257080078125,\n              54.930298209559496\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.257080078125,\n              55.3978314593603\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.25958251953128,\n              55.3978314593603\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.25958251953128,\n              54.930298209559496\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fca05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lance, Ellen W.","contributorId":53517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lance","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sowl, Kristine M.","contributorId":60372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sowl","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12598,"text":"Izembek National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":347604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donnelly, Tyrone F. tfdonnelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":4369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"Tyrone","email":"tfdonnelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70229032,"text":"70229032 - 2010 - Topographic complexity and roughness of a tropical benthic seascape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-25T23:12:29.385847","indexId":"70229032","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-29T16:52:53","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Topographic complexity and roughness of a tropical benthic seascape","docAbstract":"<p><span>Topographic complexity is a fundamental structural property of benthic marine ecosystems that exists across all scales and affects a multitude of processes. Coral reefs are a prime example, for which this complexity has been found to impact water flow, species diversity, nutrient uptake, and wave-energy dissipation, among other properties. Despite its importance, only limited assessments are available regarding the distribution or range of topographic complexity within or between benthic communities. Here, we show substantial variability in topographic complexity over the entire inner-shelf seascape of a tropical island. Roughness, estimated in terms of fractal dimension, served as a proxy for topographic complexity, and was computed for linear transects (D</span><sub>T</sub><span>), as well as the benthic surface (D</span><sub>S</sub><span>). Spatial variability in both D</span><sub>T</sub><span>&nbsp;and D</span><sub>S</sub><span>&nbsp;was correlated with the known distribution of benthic cover types in the seascape. Transect roughness values ranged from 1.0 to 1.7, with features along the shelf edge being markedly anisotropic with an along-shore bias, whereas regions with high scleractinian coral cover were nearly isotropic and exhibited minimal directional bias. Surface-roughness values ranged from 2.0 in predominantly hardbottom areas with low coral cover to 2.5 in areas with high coral cover. Quantifying roughness across the substrates and biological communities for an entire seascape provides a synoptic view of its spatial variability at scales appropriate for numerous research efforts, including ecosystem studies, parameterizing hydrodynamic models, and designing monitoring programs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010GL043789","usgsCitation":"Zawada, D., Hearn, C., and Piniak, G., 2010, Topographic complexity and roughness of a tropical benthic seascape: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 37, L14604, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043789.","productDescription":"L14604, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-012117","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Navassa Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.00022888183594,\n              18.393298112384137\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.00263214111328,\n              18.409749388401245\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.00606536865234,\n              18.41219251316819\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.03044128417969,\n              18.41577570009489\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.03061294555664,\n              18.41170389098899\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.02014160156249,\n              18.39346100400673\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.01001358032227,\n              18.389388667246656\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.00022888183594,\n              18.393298112384137\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zawada, David G. 0000-0003-4547-4878 dzawada@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-4878","contributorId":1898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zawada","given":"David G.","email":"dzawada@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hearn, Clifford J.","contributorId":286277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hearn","given":"Clifford J.","affiliations":[{"id":61079,"text":"ETI Professionals, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Piniak, Gregory","contributorId":286278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piniak","given":"Gregory","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":98974,"text":"fs20103112 - 2010 - Forecasting the effects of land-use and climate change on wildlife communities and habitats in the lower Mississippi Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T12:09:37.315699","indexId":"fs20103112","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3112","title":"Forecasting the effects of land-use and climate change on wildlife communities and habitats in the lower Mississippi Valley","docAbstract":"Landscape patterns and processes reflect both natural ecosystem attributes and the policy and management decisions of individual Federal, State, county, and private organizations. Land-use regulation, water management, and habitat conservation and restoration efforts increasingly rely on landscape-level approaches that incorporate scientific information into the decision-making process. Since management actions are implemented to affect future conditions, decision-support models are necessary to forecast potential future conditions resulting from these decisions. Spatially explicit modeling approaches enable testing of different scenarios and help evaluate potential outcomes of management actions in conjunction with natural processes such as climate change. The ability to forecast the effects of changing land use and climate is critically important to land and resource managers since their work is inherently site specific, yet conservation strategies and practices are expressed at higher spatial and temporal scales that must be considered in the decisionmaking process.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103112","usgsCitation":"Faulkner, S.P., 2010, Forecasting the effects of land-use and climate change on wildlife communities and habitats in the lower Mississippi Valley (-=): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3112, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103112.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126058,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3112.bmp"},{"id":14407,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3112/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"-=","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e492ae4b07f02db57d1aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faulkner, Stephen P. 0000-0001-5295-1383 faulkners@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-1383","contributorId":374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"Stephen","email":"faulkners@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98972,"text":"ofr20101298 - 2010 - Geochemical data for core and bottom-sediment samples collected in 2007 from Grand Lake O' the Cherokees, northeast Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-05T10:03:32","indexId":"ofr20101298","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1298","title":"Geochemical data for core and bottom-sediment samples collected in 2007 from Grand Lake O' the Cherokees, northeast Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Grand Lake O' the Cherokees is a large reservoir in northeast Oklahoma, below the confluence of the Neosho and Spring Rivers, both of which drain the Tri-State Mining District to the north. The Tri-State district covers an area of 1,200 mi<sup>2</sup> (3,100 km<sup>2</sup>) and comprises Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits. A result of 120 years of mining activity is an estimated 75 million tons of processed mine tailings (chat) remaining in the district. Concerns of sediment quality and the possibility of human exposure to cadmium and lead through eating fish have led to several studies of the sediments in the Tri-State district.\r\n\r\nIn order to record the transport and deposition of metals from the Tri-State district by the Spring and Neosho Rivers into Grand Lake O' the Cherokees, the U.S. Geological Survey collected 11 sediment cores and 15 bottom-sediment samples in September 2007. Subsamples from five selected cores and the bottom-sediment samples were analyzed for major and trace elements and forms of carbon.\r\n\r\nThe sediment samples collected from the sediment-water interface had larger average concentrations of zinc, cadmium, and lead than local background. The core collected from the Spring River had the largest concentrations of mining-related elements. A core collected just south of Twin Bridges State Park, at the confluence of the Spring and Neosho Rivers, showed a mixing zone with more mining-related elements coming from the Spring River side. The element zinc showed the most definitive patterns in graphs depicting concentration-versus-depth profiles. A core collected from the main body of the reservoir showed affected sediment down to a depth of 85 cm (33 in). This core and two others appear to have penetrated to below mining-affected sediment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101298","usgsCitation":"Fey, D.L., Becker, M.F., and Smith, K.S., 2010, Geochemical data for core and bottom-sediment samples collected in 2007 from Grand Lake O' the Cherokees, northeast Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1298, vi, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101298.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1298.png"},{"id":14404,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1298/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.08333333333333,36.4 ], [ -95.08333333333333,36.86666666666667 ], [ -94.63333333333334,36.86666666666667 ], [ -94.63333333333334,36.4 ], [ -95.08333333333333,36.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae74b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becker, Mark F.","contributorId":40180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Kathleen S. 0000-0001-8547-9804 ksmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044753,"text":"70044753 - 2010 - Two mechanisms of aquatic and terrestrial habitat change along an Alaskan Arctic coastline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-29T15:06:20","indexId":"70044753","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two mechanisms of aquatic and terrestrial habitat change along an Alaskan Arctic coastline","docAbstract":"Arctic habitats at the interface between land and sea are particularly vulnerable to climate change. The northern Teshekpuk Lake Special Area (N-TLSA), a coastal plain ecosystem along the Beaufort Sea in northern Alaska, provides habitat for migratory waterbirds, caribou, and potentially, denning polar bears. The 60-km coastline of N-TLSA is experiencing increasing rates of coastline erosion and storm surge flooding far inland resulting in lake drainage and conversion of freshwater lakes to estuaries. These physical mechanisms are affecting upland tundra as well. To better understand how these processes are affecting habitat, we analyzed long-term observational records coupled with recent short-term monitoring. Nearly the entire coastline has accelerating rates of erosion ranging from 6 m/year from 1955 to 1979 and most recently peaking at 17 m/year from 2007 to 2009, yet an intensive monitoring site along a higher bluff (3–6 masl) suggested high interannual variability. The frequency and magnitude of storm events appears to be increasing along this coastline and these patterns correspond to a greater number of lake tapping and flooding events since 2000. For the entire N-TLSA, we estimate that 6% of the landscape consists of salt-burned tundra, while 41% is prone to storm surge flooding. This offset may indicate the relative frequency of low-magnitude flood events along the coastal fringe. Monitoring of coastline lakes confirms that moderate westerly storms create extensive flooding, while easterly storms have negligible effects on lakes and low-lying tundra. This study of two interacting physical mechanisms, coastal erosion and storm surge flooding, provides an important example of the complexities and data needs for predicting habitat change and biological responses along Arctic land–ocean interfaces.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00300-010-0800-5","usgsCitation":"Arp, C.D., Jones, B.M., Schmutz, J.A., Urban, F., and Jorgenson, M., 2010, Two mechanisms of aquatic and terrestrial habitat change along an Alaskan Arctic coastline: Polar Biology, v. 33, no. 12, p. 1629-1640, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0800-5.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1629","endPage":"1640","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-020828","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0800-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270396,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0800-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Northern Teshekpuk Lake Special Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.015,0.0016666666666666668 ], [ -0.015,0.0019444444444444444 ], [ -0.015555555555555555,0.0019444444444444444 ], [ -0.015555555555555555,0.0016666666666666668 ], [ -0.015,0.0016666666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"33","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5156b7eee4b06ea905cdc043","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":476283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Urban, Frank E. 0000-0002-1329-1703","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1703","contributorId":80918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"Frank E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":40486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. Torre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":9000523,"text":"ofr20101304 - 2010 - Reducing Uncertainty in the Distribution of Hydrogeologic Units within Volcanic Composite Units of Pahute Mesa Using High-Resolution 3-D Resistivity Methods, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:57","indexId":"ofr20101304","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1304","title":"Reducing Uncertainty in the Distribution of Hydrogeologic Units within Volcanic Composite Units of Pahute Mesa Using High-Resolution 3-D Resistivity Methods, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) at their Nevada Site Office (NSO) are addressing groundwater contamination resulting from historical underground nuclear testing through the Environmental Management program and, in particular, the Underground Test Area (UGTA) project. From 1951 to 1992, 828 underground nuclear tests were conducted at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) northwest of Las Vegas (DOE UGTA, 2003). Most of these tests were conducted hundreds of feet above the groundwater table; however, more than 200 of the tests were near, or within, the water table. This underground testing was limited to specific areas of the NTS including Pahute Mesa, Rainier Mesa/Shoshone Mountain, Frenchman Flat, and Yucca Flat. Volcanic composite units make up much of the area within the Pahute Mesa Corrective Action Unit (CAU) at the NTS, Nevada. The extent of many of these volcanic composite units extends throughout and south of the primary areas of past underground testing at Pahute and Rainier Mesas. As situated, these units likely influence the rate and direction of groundwater flow and radionuclide transport. Currently, these units are poorly resolved in terms of their hydrologic properties introducing large uncertainties into current CAU-scale flow and transport models. In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with DOE and NNSA-NSO acquired three-dimensional (3-D) tensor magnetotelluric data at the NTS in Area 20 of Pahute Mesa CAU. A total of 20 magnetotelluric recording stations were established at about 600-m spacing on a 3-D array and were tied to ER20-6 well and other nearby well control (fig. 1). The purpose of this survey was to determine if closely spaced 3-D resistivity measurements can be used to characterize the distribution of shallow (600- to 1,500-m-depth range) devitrified rhyolite lava-flow aquifers (LFA) and zeolitic tuff confining units (TCU) in areas of limited drill hole control on Pahute Mesa within the Calico Hills zeolitic volcanic composite unit (VCU), an important hydrostratigraphic unit in Area 20. The resistivity response was evaluated and compared with existing well data and hydrogeologic unit tops from the current Pahute Mesa framework model. In 2008, the USGS processed and inverted the magnetotelluric data into a 3-D resistivity model. We interpreted nine depth slices and four west-east profile cross sections of the 3-D resistivity inversion model. This report documents the geologic interpretation of the 3-D resistivity model. Expectations are that spatial variations in the electrical properties of the Calico Hills zeolitic VCU can be detected and mapped with 3-D resistivity, and that these changes correlate to differences in rock permeability. With regard to LFA and TCU, electrical resistivity and permeability are typically related. Tuff confining units will typically have low electrical resistivity and low permeability, whereas LFA will have higher electrical resistivity and zones of higher fracture-related permeability. If expectations are shown to be correct, the method can be utilized by the UGTA scientists to refine the hydrostratigraphic unit (HSU) framework in an effort to more accurately predict radionuclide transport away from test areas on Pahute and Rainier Mesas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101304","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, B.D., Sweetkind, D., and Burton, B., 2010, Reducing Uncertainty in the Distribution of Hydrogeologic Units within Volcanic Composite Units of Pahute Mesa Using High-Resolution 3-D Resistivity Methods, Nevada Test Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1304, v, 32 p.; Appendices; Figures; Tables   , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101304.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.; Appendices; Figures; Tables   ","numberOfPages":"498","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1304.png"},{"id":19182,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1304/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.45,37.25 ], [ -116.45,37.28333333333333 ], [ -116.4,37.28333333333333 ], [ -116.4,37.25 ], [ -116.45,37.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63527c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sweetkind, Don","contributorId":28725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":9000522,"text":"ofr20101280 - 2010 - CO2calc: A User-Friendly Seawater Carbon Calculator for Windows, Mac OS X, and iOS (iPhone)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:35","indexId":"ofr20101280","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1280","title":"CO2calc: A User-Friendly Seawater Carbon Calculator for Windows, Mac OS X, and iOS (iPhone)","docAbstract":"A user-friendly, stand-alone application for the calculation of carbonate system parameters was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey Florida Shelf Ecosystems Response to Climate Change Project in response to its Ocean Acidification Task. The application, by Mark Hansen and Lisa Robbins, USGS St. Petersburg, FL, Joanie Kleypas, NCAR, Boulder, CO, and Stephan Meylan, Jacobs Technology, St. Petersburg, FL, is intended as a follow-on to CO2SYS, originally developed by Lewis and Wallace (1998) and later modified for Microsoft Excel? by Denis Pierrot (Pierrot and others, 2006). Besides eliminating the need for using Microsoft Excel on the host system, CO2calc offers several improvements on CO2SYS, including: An improved graphical user interface for data entry and results Additional calculations of air-sea CO2 fluxes (for surface water calculations) The ability to tag data with sample name, comments, date, time, and latitude/longitude The ability to use the system time and date and latitude/ longitude (automatic retrieval of latitude and longitude available on iPhone? 3, 3GS, 4, and Windows? hosts with an attached National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA)-enabled GPS) The ability to process multiple files in a batch processing mode An option to save sample information, data input, and calculated results as a comma-separated value (CSV) file for use with Microsoft Excel, ArcGIS,? or other applications An option to export points with geographic coordinates as a KMZ file for viewing and editing in Google EarthTM","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101280","collaboration":"Florida Shelf Ecosystems Response to Climate Change Project\r\n","usgsCitation":"Robbins, L.L., Hansen, M.E., Kleypas, J., and Meylan, S., 2010, CO2calc: A User-Friendly Seawater Carbon Calculator for Windows, Mac OS X, and iOS (iPhone): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1280, iv, 17 p.; PC zip file; Macintosh disk image file; iTunes link , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101280.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.; PC zip file; Macintosh disk image file; iTunes link ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1280.bmp"},{"id":19181,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1280/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, L. L.","contributorId":71156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, M. E.","contributorId":71157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleypas, J.A.","contributorId":13221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleypas","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meylan, S.C.","contributorId":13964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meylan","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98970,"text":"sir20105226 - 2010 - Quantifying canal leakage rates using a mass-balance approach and heat-based hydraulic conductivity estimates in selected irrigation canals, western Nebraska, 2007 through 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sir20105226","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5226","title":"Quantifying canal leakage rates using a mass-balance approach and heat-based hydraulic conductivity estimates in selected irrigation canals, western Nebraska, 2007 through 2009","docAbstract":"The water supply in areas of the North Platte River Basin in the Nebraska Panhandle has been designated as fully appropriated or overappropriated by the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources (NDNR). Enacted legislation (Legislative Bill 962) requires the North Platte Natural Resources District (NPNRD) and the NDNR to develop an Integrated Management Plan (IMP) to balance groundwater and surface-water supply and demand in the NPNRD. A clear understanding of the groundwater and surface-water systems is critical for the development of a successful IMP. The primary source of groundwater recharge in parts of the NPNRD is from irrigation canal leakage. Because canal leakage constitutes a large part of the hydrologic budget, spatially distributing canal leakage to the groundwater system is important to any management strategy. Surface geophysical data collected along selected reaches of irrigation canals has allowed for the spatial distribution of leakage on a relative basis; however, the actual magnitude of leakage remains poorly defined. To address this need, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the NPNRD, established streamflow-gaging stations at upstream and downstream ends from two selected canal reaches to allow a mass-balance approach to be used to calculate daily leakage rates. Water-level and sediment temperature data were collected and simulated at three temperature monitoring sites to allow the use of heat as a tracer to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of canal bed sediment. Canal-leakage rates were estimated by applying Darcy's Law to modeled vertical hydraulic conductivity and either the estimated or measured hydraulic gradient. This approach will improve the understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of canal leakage in varying geologic settings identified in capacitively coupled resistivity surveys.\r\n\r\nThe high-leakage potential study reach of the Tri-State Canal had two streamflow-gaging stations and two temperature monitoring sites along its length. Calculated leakage rates from the mass-balance approach varied from year to year and were generally dependent on local climatic conditions, and the timing and magnitude of the initial seasonal diversion into the Tri-State Canal. Leakage rates ranged from 0.98 meter per day (m/d) on June 22, 2007, to about to 0 m/d during July 2009. Drier conditions generally resulted in higher leakage rates because of reduced flow from Spottedtail Creek, lower groundwater levels near Spottedtail Creek, and no unmeasured flow entering the reach. Of the three years studied (2007-09), 2007 was the driest, and therefore had the highest canal leakage rates.\r\n\r\nThe moderately low leakage potential study reach of Interstate Canal had two streamflow-gaging stations and one temperature monitoring site along its length. Excluding the leakage calculations from early May 2007, leakage rates ranged from 0.08 to 0.7 m/d. Less variability in leakage from year to year indicates that climatic conditions may have less of an effect for Interstate Canal compared to Tri-State Canal. This may be because Interstate Canal was cut into the northern edge of the North Platte alluvial valley and consequently the canal bed is well above the local groundwater table resulting in a constant (1 meter per meter [m/m]) hydraulic gradient. Interstate Canal also does not receive any captured flow that can vary substantially year to year.\r\n\r\nTwo temperature monitoring sites were installed within the high-leakage potential reach of Tri-State Canal. Site TCTEMP1 was established in 2007 where the water table was well below the canal bed surface. The vertical hydraulic conductivity of the poorly sorted sand and gravel beneath site TCTEMP1 was estimated using a calibrated one-dimensional VS2DH model. Using a trial-and-error approach, the best-fit vertical hydraulic conductivity for the site TCTEMP1 model domain was 1.1 m/d. Site TCTEMP2 was established at the mouth of Spottedtail Creek where a shallow ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105226","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"Hobza, C.M., and Andersen, M.J., 2010, Quantifying canal leakage rates using a mass-balance approach and heat-based hydraulic conductivity estimates in selected irrigation canals, western Nebraska, 2007 through 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5226, viii, 38 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105226.","productDescription":"viii, 38 p.; Appendix","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5226.jpg"},{"id":14402,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5226/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.25,41.25 ], [ -104.25,42.25 ], [ -102.5,42.25 ], [ -102.5,41.25 ], [ -104.25,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a86e4b07f02db64db68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, Michael J. 0009-0006-5600-6032 mjanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5600-6032","contributorId":1442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Michael","email":"mjanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98969,"text":"sim3138 - 2010 - Water-level altitudes 2010 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973-2009 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T16:53:29","indexId":"sim3138","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3138","title":"Water-level altitudes 2010 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973-2009 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Most of the subsidence in the Houston-Galveston region has occurred as a direct result of groundwater withdrawals for municipal supply, industrial use, and irrigation that depressured and dewatered the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers causing compaction of the clay layers of the aquifer sediments. This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, City of Houston, Fort Bend Subsidence District, and Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, is one in an annual series of reports depicting water-level altitudes and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in the Houston-Galveston region. The report contains maps showing 2010 water-level altitudes for the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers, respectively; maps showing 1-year (2009-10) water-level-altitude changes for each aquifer; maps showing 5-year (2005-10) water-level-altitude changes for each aquifer; maps showing long-term (1990-2010 and 1977-2010) water-level-altitude changes for the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers; a map showing long-term (2000-10) water-level-altitude change for the Jasper aquifer; a map showing locations of borehole extensometer sites; and graphs showing measured compaction of subsurface material at the extensometers from 1973, or later, through 2009. Tables listing the data used to construct each aquifer-data map and the compaction graphs are included. Water levels in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers were measured during December 2009-March 2010. In 2010, water-level-altitude contours for the Chicot aquifer ranged from 200 feet below National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 or North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (hereinafter, datum) in a small area in southwestern Harris County to 200 feet above datum in central to southwestern Montgomery County. Water-level-altitude changes in the Chicot aquifer ranged from a 49-foot decline to a 67-foot rise (2009-10), from a 25-foot decline to a 35-foot rise (2005-10), from a 40-foot decline to an 80-foot rise (1990-2010), and from a 140-foot decline to a 200-foot rise (1977-2010). In 2010, water-level-altitude contours for the Evangeline aquifer ranged from 300 feet below datum in north-central Harris County to 200 feet above datum at the boundary of Waller, Montgomery, and Grimes Counties. Water-level-altitude changes in the Evangeline aquifer ranged from a 58-foot decline to a 69-foot rise (2009-10), from an 80-foot decline to an 80-foot rise (2005-10), from a 200-foot decline to a 220-foot rise (1990-2010), and from a 320-foot decline to a 220-foot rise (1977-2010). In 2010, water-level-altitude contours for the Jasper aquifer ranged from 200 feet below datum in south-central Montgomery County to 250 feet above datum in eastern-central Grimes County. Water-level-altitude changes in the Jasper aquifer ranged from a 39-foot decline to a 39-foot rise (2009-10), from a 110-foot decline to no change (2005-10), and from a 180-foot decline to no change (2000-10). Compaction of subsurface materials (mostly in the clay layers) composing the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers was recorded continuously at 13 borehole extensometers at 11 sites. For the period of record beginning in 1973, or later, and ending in December 2009, cumulative clay compaction data measured by 12 extensometers ranged from 0.088 foot at the Texas City-Moses Lake site to 3.559 foot at the Addicks site. The rate of compaction varies from site to site because of differences in groundwater withdrawals near each site and differences among sites in the clay-to-sand ratio in the subsurface materials. Therefore, it is not possible to extrapolate or infer a rate of clay compaction for an area based on the rate of compaction measured at a nearby extensometer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/sim3138","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, City of Houston, Fort Bend Subsidence District, and Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Kasmarek, M.C., Johnson, M., and Ramage, J.K., 2010, Water-level altitudes 2010 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers and compaction 1973-2009 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3138, vii, 17 p.; Downloads: Sheet 1: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 2: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 3: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 4: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 5: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 6: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 7: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 8: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 9: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 10: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 11: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 12: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 13: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 14: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 15: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 16: 22.01 inches x 17 inches; Appendices; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3138.","productDescription":"vii, 17 p.; Downloads: Sheet 1: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 2: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 3: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 4: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 5: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 6: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 7: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 8: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 9: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 10: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 11: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 12: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 13: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 14: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 15: 17 inches x 22 inches; Sheet 16: 22.01 inches x 17 inches; Appendices; Tables","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1973-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3138.png"},{"id":14400,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3138/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Houston-Galveston region study area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.3505859375,\n              29.554345125748267\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.52636718749999,\n              30.031055426540206\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7021484375,\n              30.29701788337205\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.976806640625,\n              30.675715404167743\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.07568359375,\n              30.829139422013956\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.25970458984374,\n              30.954057859276126\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.614013671875,\n              30.95876857077987\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.064453125,\n              30.798474179567823\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.2841796875,\n              30.64027517241868\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.3446044921875,\n              30.462879341709886\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.2237548828125,\n              30.073847754270204\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.03149414062499,\n              29.410890376109\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.82275390625,\n              29.080175989623203\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.6304931640625,\n              28.9072060763367\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.3558349609375,\n              28.8831596093235\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7515869140625,\n              29.291189838184863\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.3505859375,\n              29.554345125748267\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5454e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasmarek, Mark C. 0000-0003-2808-2506 mckasmar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-2506","contributorId":1968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"Mark","email":"mckasmar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramage, Jason K. 0000-0001-8014-2874 jkramage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8014-2874","contributorId":3856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramage","given":"Jason","email":"jkramage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98967,"text":"ofr20101275 - 2010 - Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"ofr20101275","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1275","title":"Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2009","docAbstract":"Streamflow and water-quality data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) or the Providence Water Supply Board (PWSB), Rhode Island's largest drinking-water supplier. Streamflow was measured or estimated by the USGS following standard methods at 23 streamgage stations; 13 of these stations were also equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance and water temperature. Streamflow and concentrations of sodium and chloride estimated from records of specific conductance were used to calculate loads of sodium and chloride during water year (WY) 2009 (October 1, 2008, to September 30, 2009). Water-quality samples also were collected at 37 sampling stations by the PWSB and at 14 monitoring stations by the USGS during WY 2009 as part of a long-term sampling program; all stations are in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area. Water-quality data collected by PWSB are summarized by using values of central tendency and are used, in combination with measured (or estimated) streamflows, to calculate loads and yields (loads per unit area) of selected water-quality constituents for WY 2009.\r\n\r\nThe largest tributary to the reservoir (the Ponaganset River, which was monitored by the USGS) contributed a mean streamflow of about 27 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) to the reservoir during WY 2009. For the same time period, annual mean1 streamflows measured (or estimated) for the other monitoring stations in this study ranged from about 0.50 to 17 ft3/s. Together, tributary streams (equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance) transported about 1,400,000 kilograms (kg) of sodium and 2,200,000 kg of chloride to the Scituate Reservoir during WY 2009; sodium and chloride yields for the tributaries ranged from 10,000 to 64,000 kilograms per square mile (kg/mi2) and from 15,000 to 110,000 kg/mi2, respectively.\r\n\r\nAt the stations where water-quality samples were collected by the PWSB, the median of the median chloride concentrations was 21.7 milligrams per liter (mg/L), median nitrite concentration was 0.001 mg/L as N, median nitrate concentration was 0.02 mg/L as N, median orthophosphate concentration was 0.09 mg/L as P, and median concentrations of total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria were 61 and 16 colony forming units per 100 milliliters (CFU/100 mL), respectively. The medians of the median daily loads (and yields) of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and total coliform and E. coli bacteria were 190 kg/d (61 kg/d/mi2), 12 g/d (4.5 g/d/mi2), 93 g/d (32 g/d/mi2), 420 g/d (290 g/d/mi2), 6,200 million colony forming units per day (CFU?106/d) (2,600 CFU?106/d/mi2), and 1,100 CFU?106/d (340 CFU?106/d/mi2), respectively.\r\n\r\n  1The arithmetic mean of the individual daily mean discharges for the year noted or for the designated period. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101275","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Providence Water Supply Board \r\n","usgsCitation":"Breault, R., and Smith, K.P., 2010, Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1275, iv, 24 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101275.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":544,"text":"Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1275.bmp"},{"id":14398,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1275/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.83333333333333,41.666666666666664 ], [ -71.83333333333333,41.916666666666664 ], [ -71.5,41.916666666666664 ], [ -71.5,41.666666666666664 ], [ -71.83333333333333,41.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4bd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breault, Robert F. 0000-0002-2517-407X rbreault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-407X","contributorId":2219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breault","given":"Robert F.","email":"rbreault@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98966,"text":"ofr20101247 - 2010 - Internet-based interface for STRMDEPL08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"ofr20101247","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1247","title":"Internet-based interface for STRMDEPL08","docAbstract":"The core of the computer program STRMDEPL08 that estimates streamflow depletion by a pumping well with one of four analytical solutions was re-written in the Javascript software language and made available through an internet-based interface (web page). In the internet-based interface, the user enters data for one of the four analytical solutions, Glover and Balmer (1954), Hantush (1965), Hunt (1999), and Hunt (2003), and the solution is run for constant pumping for a desired number of simulation days. Results are returned in tabular form to the user. For intermittent pumping, the interface allows the user to request that the header information for an input file for the stand-alone executable STRMDEPL08 be created. The user would add the pumping information to this header information and run the STRMDEPL08 executable that is available for download through the U.S. Geological Survey. Results for the internet-based and stand-alone versions of STRMDEPL08 are shown to match.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101247","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\r\n","usgsCitation":"Reeves, H.W., and Asher, A., 2010, Internet-based interface for STRMDEPL08: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1247, iv, 7 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101247.","productDescription":"iv, 7 p.; Appendix","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1247.gif"},{"id":14397,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1247/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0799","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, Howard W. 0000-0001-8057-2081 hwreeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-2081","contributorId":2307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Howard","email":"hwreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asher, A. Jeremiah","contributorId":34098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asher","given":"A. Jeremiah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98963,"text":"sir20105217 - 2010 - Methods for estimating selected low-flow frequency statistics for unregulated streams in Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"sir20105217","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5217","title":"Methods for estimating selected low-flow frequency statistics for unregulated streams in Kentucky","docAbstract":"This report provides estimates of, and presents methods for estimating, selected low-flow frequency statistics for unregulated streams in Kentucky including the 30-day mean low flows for recurrence intervals of 2 and 5 years (30Q<sub>2</sub> and 30Q<sub>5</sub>) and the 7-day mean low flows for recurrence intervals of 5, 10, and 20 years (7Q<sub>2</sub>, 7Q<sub>10</sub>, and 7Q<sub>20</sub>). Estimates of these statistics are provided for 121 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations with data through the 2006 climate year, which is the 12-month period ending March 31 of each year. Data were screened to identify the periods of homogeneous, unregulated flows for use in the analyses.\r\nLogistic-regression equations are presented for estimating the annual probability of the selected low-flow frequency statistics being equal to zero. Weighted-least-squares regression equations were developed for estimating the magnitude of the nonzero 30Q<sub>2</sub>, 30Q<sub>5</sub>, 7Q<sub>2</sub>, 7Q<sub>10</sub>, and 7Q<sub>20</sub> low flows. Three low-flow regions were defined for estimating the 7-day low-flow frequency statistics.\r\nThe explicit explanatory variables in the regression equations include total drainage area and the mapped streamflow-variability index measured from a revised statewide coverage of this characteristic. The percentage of the station low-flow statistics correctly classified as zero or nonzero by use of the logistic-regression equations ranged from 87.5 to 93.8 percent. The average standard errors of prediction of the weighted-least-squares regression equations ranged from 108 to 226 percent. The 30Q<sub>2</sub> regression equations have the smallest standard errors of prediction, and the 7Q<sub>20</sub> regression equations have the largest standard errors of prediction.\r\nThe regression equations are applicable only to stream sites with low flows unaffected by regulation from reservoirs and local diversions of flow and to drainage basins in specified ranges of basin characteristics. Caution is advised when applying the equations for basins with characteristics near the applicable limits and for basins with karst drainage features.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105217","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet, Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Martin, G.R., and Arihood, L.D., 2010, Methods for estimating selected low-flow frequency statistics for unregulated streams in Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5217, vi. 55 p.; Appendices; 2 plates (30 x 22 inches), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105217.","productDescription":"vi. 55 p.; Appendices; 2 plates (30 x 22 inches)","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5217.jpg"},{"id":14394,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5217/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a4b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Gary R. 0000-0002-3274-5846 grmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-5846","contributorId":3413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Gary","email":"grmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arihood, Leslie D. 0000-0001-5792-3699 larihood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5792-3699","contributorId":2357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arihood","given":"Leslie","email":"larihood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":9000518,"text":"ofr20101324 - 2010 - Great Basin Integrated Landscape Monitoring Pilot Summary Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:57","indexId":"ofr20101324","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1324","title":"Great Basin Integrated Landscape Monitoring Pilot Summary Report","docAbstract":"The Great Basin Integrated Landscape Monitoring Pilot project (GBILM) was one of four regional pilots to implement the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Science Thrust on Integrated Landscape Monitoring (ILM) whose goal was to observe, understand, and predict landscape change and its implications on natural resources at multiple spatial and temporal scales and address priority natural resource management and policy issues. The Great Basin is undergoing rapid environmental change stemming from interactions among global climate trends, increasing human populations, expanding and accelerating land and water uses, invasive species, and altered fire regimes. GBLIM tested concepts and developed tools to store and analyze monitoring data, understand change at multiple scales, and forecast landscape change. The GBILM endeavored to develop and test a landscape-level monitoring approach in the Great Basin that integrates USGS disciplines, addresses priority management questions, catalogs and uses existing monitoring data, evaluates change at multiple scales, and contributes to development of regional monitoring strategies. GBILM functioned as an integrative team from 2005 to 2010, producing more than 35 science and data management products that addressed pressing ecosystem drivers and resource management agency needs in the region. This report summarizes the approaches and methods of this interdisciplinary effort, identifies and describes the products generated, and provides lessons learned during the project.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101324","usgsCitation":"Finn, S.P., Kitchell, K., Baer, L.A., Bedford, D.R., Brooks, M.L., Flint, A.L., Flint, L.E., Matchett, J., Mathie, A., Miller, D., Pilliod, D., Torregrosa, A.A., and Woodward, A., 2010, Great Basin Integrated Landscape Monitoring Pilot Summary Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1324, iv, 21 p.; Tables; Figures; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101324.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.; Tables; Figures; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19179,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1324/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122,34 ], [ -122,44 ], [ -112,44 ], [ -112,34 ], [ -122,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e9a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Sean P.","contributorId":106623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kitchell, Kate","contributorId":69694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchell","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baer, Lori Anne 0000-0003-1908-979X labaer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1908-979X","contributorId":4429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baer","given":"Lori","email":"labaer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bedford, David R. dbedford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"David","email":"dbedford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Matchett, J.R.","contributorId":11535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mathie, Amy amathie@usgs.gov","contributorId":2542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathie","given":"Amy","email":"amathie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Torregrosa, Alicia A. 0000-0001-7361-2241 atorregrosa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-2241","contributorId":3471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torregrosa","given":"Alicia","email":"atorregrosa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Woodward, Andrea 0000-0003-0604-9115 awoodward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0604-9115","contributorId":3028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Andrea","email":"awoodward@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":98961,"text":"ds548 - 2010 - Groundwater quality of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Houston, Texas, 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T16:15:08","indexId":"ds548","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"548","title":"Groundwater quality of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Houston, Texas, 2007-08","docAbstract":"<p>In the summers of 2007 and 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the City of Houston, Texas, completed an initial reconnaissance-level survey of naturally occurring contaminants (arsenic, other selected trace elements, and radionuclides) in water from municipal supply wells in the Houston area. The purpose of this reconnaissance-level survey was to characterize source-water quality prior to drinking water treatment. Water-quality samples were collected from 28 municipal supply wells in the Houston area completed in the Evangeline aquifer, Chicot aquifer, or both. This initial survey is part of ongoing research to determine concentrations, spatial extent, and associated geochemical conditions that might be conducive for mobility and transport of these constituents in the Gulf Coast aquifer system in the Houston area. Samples were analyzed for major ions (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, bromide, chloride, fluoride, silica, and sulfate), selected chemically related properties (residue on evaporation [dissolved solids] and chemical oxygen demand), dissolved organic carbon, arsenic species (arsenate [As(V)], arsenite [As(III)], dimethylarsinate [DMA], and monomethylarsonate [MMA]), other trace elements (aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, silver, strontium, thallium, vanadium, and zinc), and selected radionuclides (gross alpha- and beta-particle activity [at 72 hours and 30 days], carbon-14, radium isotopes [radium-226 and radium-228], radon-222, tritium, and uranium). Field measurements were made of selected physicochemical (relating to both physical and chemical) properties (oxidation-reduction potential, turbidity, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, specific conductance, water temperature, and alkalinity) and unfiltered sulfides. Dissolved organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand are presented but not discussed in the report. Physicochemical properties, major ions, and trace elements varied considerably. The pH ranged from 7.2 to 8.1 (median 7.6); specific conductance ranged from 314 to 856 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius, with a median of 517 microsiemens per centimeter; and alkalinity ranged from 126 to 324 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate (median 167 milligrams per liter). The range in oxidation-reduction potential was large, from -212 to 244 millivolts, with a median of -84.6 millivolts. The largest ranges in concentration for filtered major ion constituents were obtained for cations sodium and calcium and for anions chloride and bicarbonate (bicarbonate was calculated from the measured alkalinity). Filtered arsenic was detected in all 28 samples, ranging from 0.58 to 15.3 micrograms per liter (median 2.5 micrograms per liter), and exceeded the maximum contaminant level established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency of 10 micrograms per liter in 2 of the 28 samples. As(III) was the most frequently detected arsenic specie. As(III) concentrations ranged from less than 0.6 to 14.9 micrograms arsenic per liter. The range in concentrations for the arsenic species As(V) was from less than 0.8 to 3.3 micrograms arsenic per liter. Barium, boron, lithium, and strontium were detected in quantifiable (equal to or greater than the laboratory reporting level) concentrations in all samples and molybdenum in all but one sample. Filtered iron, manganese, nickel, and vanadium were each detected in at least 18 of the 28 samples. All other selected trace elements were each detected in 16 or fewer samples. Radionuclides were detected in most samples. The gross alpha-particle activities at 30 days and 72 hours ranged from R-0.94 to 15.5 and R-1.1 to 17.2 picocuries per liter, respectively ('R' indicates nondetected result less than the sample-specific critical level). The combined radium (radium-226 plus radium-228) concentrations ranged from an estimat</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/ds548","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Houston","usgsCitation":"Oden, J.H., Oden, T., and Szabo, Z., 2010, Groundwater quality of the Gulf Coast aquifer system, Houston, Texas, 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 548, v, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds548.","productDescription":"v, 65 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-06-20","temporalEnd":"2008-09-23","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_548.png"},{"id":14391,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/548/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Houston area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.61666666666666,29.666666666666668 ], [ -95.61666666666666,30.116666666666667 ], [ -95.16666666666667,30.116666666666667 ], [ -95.16666666666667,29.666666666666668 ], [ -95.61666666666666,29.666666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db658e61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oden, Jeannette H. 0000-0002-6473-1553 jhoden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6473-1553","contributorId":1152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"Jeannette","email":"jhoden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oden, Timothy D. toden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"Timothy D.","email":"toden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":2240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98962,"text":"pp1781 - 2010 - Conceptual understanding and groundwater quality of selected basin-fill aquifers in the Southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-27T21:36:48.896495","indexId":"pp1781","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1781","title":"Conceptual understanding and groundwater quality of selected basin-fill aquifers in the Southwestern United States","docAbstract":"<p>The National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey has been conducting a regional analysis of water quality in the principal aquifer systems in the southwestern United States (hereinafter, “Southwest”) since 2005. Part of the NAWQA Program, the objective of the Southwest Principal Aquifers (SWPA) study is to develop a better understanding of water quality in basin-fill aquifers in the region by synthesizing information from case studies of 15 basins into a common set of important natural and human-related factors found to affect groundwater quality.</p><p>The synthesis consists of three major components:</p><p>1. Summary of current knowledge about the groundwater systems, and the status of, changes in, and influential factors affecting quality of groundwater in basin-fill aquifers in 15 basins previously studied by NAWQA (this report).</p><p>2. Development of a conceptual model of the primary natural and human-related factors commonly affecting groundwater quality, thereby building a regional understanding of the susceptibility and vulnerability of basin-fill aquifers to contaminants.</p><p>3. Development of statistical models that relate the concentration or occurrence of specific chemical constituents in groundwater to natural and human-related factors linked to the susceptibility and vulnerability of basin-fill aquifers to contamination.</p><p>Basin-fill aquifers occur in about 200,000 mi<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of the 410,000 mi<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>SWPA study area and are the primary source of groundwater supply for cities and agricultural communities. Four of the principal aquifers or aquifer systems of the United States are included in the basin-fill aquifers of the study area: (1) the Basin and Range basin-fill aquifers in California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona; (2) the Rio Grande aquifer system in New Mexico and Colorado; (3) the California Coastal Basin aquifers; and (4) the Central Valley aquifer system in California. Because of the generally limited availability of surface-water supplies in the arid to semiarid climate, cultural and economic activities in the Southwest are particularly dependent on supplies of good-quality groundwater. Irrigation and public-supply withdrawals from basin-fill aquifers in the study area account for about one quarter of the total withdrawals from all aquifers in the United States.</p><p>Many factors influence the quality of groundwater in the 15 case-study basins, but some common factors emerge from the basin summaries presented in this report. These factors include the chemical composition of the recharge water, consolidated rock geology and composition of aquifer materials derived from consolidated rock, and land and water use. The major water-quality issues in many of the developed case-study basins are increased concentrations of dissolved solids, nitrate, and VOCs in groundwater as a result of human activities.</p><p>The information presented and the citations listed in this report serve as a resource for those interested in the groundwater-flow systems in the NAWQA case-study basins. The summaries of water-development history, hydrogeology, conceptual understanding of the groundwater system under both predevelopment and modern conditions, and effects of natural and human-related factors on groundwater quality presented in the sections on each basin also serve as a foundation for the synthesis and modeling phases of the SWPA regional study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1781","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., Bexfield, L.M., Anning, D.W., and Huntington, J.M., 2010, Conceptual understanding and groundwater quality of selected basin-fill aquifers in the Southwestern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1781, viii, 288 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1781.","productDescription":"viii, 288 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422983,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94696.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14392,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1781/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126165,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1781.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-109.050076,41.000659],[-102.051718,41.002377],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-103.002199,37.000104],[-103.002434,36.500397],[-103.041924,36.500439],[-103.043531,34.018014],[-103.064625,32.999899],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-106.618486,32.000495],[-106.639529,31.980348],[-106.618745,31.966955],[-106.625123,31.954531],[-106.616136,31.948439],[-106.629747,31.92657],[-106.611846,31.920003],[-106.645479,31.89867],[-106.629197,31.883717],[-106.635926,31.866235],[-106.605845,31.846305],[-106.605267,31.827912],[-106.577244,31.810406],[-106.547144,31.807305],[-106.528543,31.783907],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-111.074825,31.332239],[-112.246102,31.704195],[-114.813613,32.494277],[-114.803883,32.548002],[-114.791551,32.557023],[-114.810517,32.563828],[-114.799737,32.592178],[-114.809393,32.617119],[-114.781872,32.62505],[-114.764382,32.642666],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-116.04662,32.623353],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.192967,32.687751],[-117.213068,32.687751],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25757,32.72605],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.280971,32.822247],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.28077,33.012343],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.359484,33.164231],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.726486,33.483427],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.87679,33.592322],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-118.029694,33.676418],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.1755,33.763617],[-118.187701,33.749218],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.317205,33.712818],[-118.360505,33.736817],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.783433,34.021543],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.227743,34.161728],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.088591,34.460208],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.295051,34.470623],[-120.341369,34.458789],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.47661,34.475131],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.645739,34.581035],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.639283,34.880413],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.630957,35.101941],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.704203,35.173206],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.756086,35.160459],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.866099,35.393045],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-120.946546,35.446715],[-120.969436,35.460197],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.126027,35.593058],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.251034,35.656641],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.315786,35.75252],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.388053,35.823483],[-121.413146,35.855316],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.4862,35.970348],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.717176,36.195146],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.892917,36.340428],[-121.905446,36.358269],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.914378,36.404344],[-121.91474,36.42589],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.928769,36.523147],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.957335,36.564482],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.929666,36.636959],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.831995,36.644856],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.805643,36.750239],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.894667,36.961851],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.023373,36.96215],[-122.027174,36.95115],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.306139,37.116383],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.344029,37.144099],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.467888,37.49814],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.385323,37.790724],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.729505],[-122.361749,37.71501],[-122.391374,37.708331],[-122.387626,37.67906],[-122.374291,37.662206],[-122.3756,37.652389],[-122.387381,37.648462],[-122.386072,37.637662],[-122.35531,37.615736],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.360219,37.592501],[-122.317676,37.590865],[-122.305895,37.575484],[-122.262698,37.572866],[-122.214264,37.538505],[-122.196593,37.537196],[-122.194957,37.522469],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.116112,37.505386],[-122.111998,37.528851],[-122.147014,37.588411],[-122.163049,37.667933],[-122.246826,37.72193],[-122.257134,37.745001],[-122.244938,37.750294],[-122.253753,37.761218],[-122.329159,37.783173],[-122.333711,37.809797],[-122.323567,37.823214],[-122.306222,37.827469],[-122.301313,37.847758],[-122.309986,37.892755],[-122.33453,37.908791],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.399832,37.956009],[-122.367582,37.978168],[-122.363655,38.014166],[-122.340093,38.003694],[-122.321112,38.012857],[-122.300823,38.010893],[-122.283478,38.022674],[-122.262861,38.0446],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.314567,38.115287],[-122.39638,38.149976],[-122.439577,38.116923],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.483757,38.071762],[-122.497828,38.019402],[-122.448413,37.988313],[-122.488665,37.966714],[-122.487684,37.948716],[-122.480484,37.945443],[-122.48572,37.937589],[-122.499465,37.939225],[-122.503064,37.928753],[-122.478193,37.918608],[-122.472303,37.902573],[-122.43925,37.88392],[-122.45005,37.871157],[-122.480811,37.873448],[-122.479151,37.825428],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.548986,37.836227],[-122.561487,37.851827],[-122.656519,37.904519],[-122.678474,37.906604],[-122.70264,37.89382],[-122.727297,37.904626],[-122.736898,37.925825],[-122.783244,37.951334],[-122.821383,37.996735],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-122.956811,38.02872],[-122.981776,38.009119],[-122.976764,37.99568],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-123.011533,38.003438],[-122.99242,38.041758],[-122.949074,38.15406],[-122.953629,38.17567],[-122.991953,38.233185],[-122.993235,38.239686],[-122.968569,38.242879],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-123.024333,38.310573],[-123.038742,38.313576],[-123.051061,38.310693],[-123.053504,38.299385],[-123.063671,38.302178],[-123.074684,38.322574],[-123.068265,38.359865],[-123.128825,38.450418],[-123.202277,38.494314],[-123.249797,38.511045],[-123.331899,38.565542],[-123.343338,38.590008],[-123.371876,38.607235],[-123.441774,38.699744],[-123.514784,38.741966],[-123.541837,38.776764],[-123.647387,38.845472],[-123.659846,38.872529],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.726315,38.936367],[-123.738886,38.95412],[-123.711149,38.977316],[-123.690095,39.031157],[-123.713392,39.108422],[-123.774998,39.212083],[-123.777368,39.237214],[-123.787893,39.264327],[-123.803848,39.278771],[-123.808772,39.324368],[-123.822085,39.343857],[-123.826306,39.36871],[-123.81469,39.446538],[-123.766475,39.552803],[-123.787417,39.604552],[-123.782322,39.621486],[-123.792659,39.684122],[-123.808208,39.710715],[-123.829545,39.723071],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-123.907664,39.863028],[-123.930047,39.909697],[-123.954952,39.922373],[-123.980031,39.962458],[-124.035904,40.013319],[-124.079983,40.029773],[-124.080709,40.06611],[-124.110549,40.103765],[-124.187874,40.130542],[-124.214895,40.160902],[-124.296497,40.208816],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.347853,40.314634],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.409591,40.438076],[-124.38494,40.48982],[-124.382816,40.519],[-124.329404,40.61643],[-124.158322,40.876069],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.112165,41.028173],[-124.125448,41.048504],[-124.153622,41.05355],[-124.165414,41.129822],[-124.158539,41.143021],[-124.1438,41.144686],[-124.106986,41.229678],[-124.072294,41.374844],[-124.066057,41.470258],[-124.081427,41.511228],[-124.081987,41.547761],[-124.101123,41.569192],[-124.100961,41.602499],[-124.135552,41.657307],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.164716,41.740126],[-124.17739,41.745756],[-124.19104,41.736079],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.230678,41.818681],[-124.208439,41.888192],[-124.203402,41.940964],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-122.378193,42.009518],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-115.031783,41.996008],[-114.831077,42.002207],[-113.893261,41.988057],[-112.709375,42.000309],[-111.046689,42.001567],[-111.046723,40.997959],[-109.050076,41.000659]]],[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.358779,37.814278],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.230001,34.010136],[-120.167306,34.008219],[-120.140362,34.025974],[-120.090182,34.019806],[-120.057637,34.03734],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.017715,33.936366],[-120.049682,33.914563],[-120.098601,33.907853],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.755521,34.056716],[-119.712576,34.043265],[-119.686507,34.019805],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.662825,33.985889],[-119.721206,33.959583],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.912857,34.077508],[-119.857304,34.071298],[-119.818742,34.052997],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.440248,34.036918],[-120.418768,34.052093],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368813,34.06778],[-120.370176,34.074907],[-120.354982,34.059256],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.35532,34.017914],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.594033,33.035951],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.540069,32.980933],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.477646,33.448392],[-118.445812,33.428907],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.365094,33.388374],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.440047,33.318638],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.570927,33.439351],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.532941,33.284728],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.564971,33.24744],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.562042,33.271129],[-119.543842,33.280329]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Arizona\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697ddd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bexfield, Laura M. 0000-0002-1789-654X bexfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-654X","contributorId":1273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"Laura","email":"bexfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anning, David W. dwanning@usgs.gov","contributorId":432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anning","given":"David","email":"dwanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huntington, Jena M. 0000-0002-9291-1404 jmhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9291-1404","contributorId":2294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Jena","email":"jmhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98959,"text":"gip118 - 2010 - Bicentennial of the 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquake sequence, December 2011–2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-27T22:05:40.580555","indexId":"gip118","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"118","title":"Bicentennial of the 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquake sequence, December 2011–2012","docAbstract":"A series of earthquakes hit the New Madrid seismic zone of southeastern Missouri, northeastern Arkansas, and adjacent parts of Tennessee and Kentucky, in December 1811 to February 1812. Three earthquakes had a magnitude of 7.0 or greater. The first earthquake occurred December 16, 1811, at 2:15 a.m.; the second 9 a.m. on January 23, 1812; and the third on February 7, 1812, at 3:45 a.m. These three earthquakes were among the largest to strike North America since European settlement. The main shocks were followed by many hundreds of aftershocks that lasted for decades. Many of the aftershocks were major earthquakes themselves. The area that was strongly shaken by the three main shocks was 2-3 times as large as the strongly shaken area of the 1964 M9.2 Alaskan earthquake, and 10 times as large as that of the 1906 M7.8 San Francisco earthquake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gip118","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2010, Bicentennial of the 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquake sequence, December 2011–2012: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 118, 1 Poster: \t48.00 × 29.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gip118.","productDescription":"1 Poster: \t48.00 × 29.99 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_118.bmp"},{"id":395022,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94650.htm"},{"id":14383,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -86,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -86,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -93,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -93,\n              34\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634be2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98939,"text":"pp176910 - 2010 - Pyroclastic flows, lahars, and mixed avalanches generated during the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 10 in <i>The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska</i>","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":98939,"text":"pp176910 - 2010 - Pyroclastic flows, lahars, and mixed avalanches generated during the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 10 in <i>The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska</i>","indexId":"pp176910","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"chapter":"10","title":"Pyroclastic flows, lahars, and mixed avalanches generated during the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 10 in <i>The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":98929,"text":"pp1769 - 2010 - The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska","indexId":"pp1769","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":98929,"text":"pp1769 - 2010 - The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska","indexId":"pp1769","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-21T22:07:39","indexId":"pp176910","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1769","chapter":"10","title":"Pyroclastic flows, lahars, and mixed avalanches generated during the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 10 in <i>The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska</i>","docAbstract":"<p>Each of the three phases of the 2006 eruption at Augustine Volcano had a distinctive eruptive style and flowage deposits. From January 11 to 28, the explosive phase comprised short vulcanian eruptions that punctuated dome growth and produced volcanowide pyroclastic flows and more energetic hot currents whose mobility was influenced by efficient mixing with and vaporization of snow. Initially, hot flows moved across winter snowpack, eroding it to generate snow, water, and pyroclastic slurries that formed mixed avalanches and lahars, first eastward, then northward, and finally southward, but subsequent flows produced no lahars or mixed avalanches. During a large explosive event on January 27, disruption of a lava dome terminated the explosive phase and emplaced the largest pyroclastic flow of the 2006 eruption northward toward Rocky Point. From January 28 to February 10, activity during the continuous phase comprised rapid dome growth and frequent dome-collapse pyroclastic flows and a lava flow restricted to the north sector of the volcano. Then, after three weeks of inactivity, during the effusive phase of March 3 to 16, the volcano continued to extrude the lava flow, whose steep sides collapsed infrequently to produce block-and-ash flows.</p>\n<p>The three eruptive phases were each unique not only in terms of eruptive style, but also in terms of the types and morphologies of deposits that were produced, and, in particular, of their lithologic components. Thus, during the explosive phase, low-silica andesite scoria predominated, and intermediate- and high-silica andesite were subordinate. During the continuous phase, the eruption shifted predominantly to high-silica andesite and, during the effusive phase, shifted again to dense low-silica andesite. Each rock type is present in the deposits of each eruptive phase and each flow type, and lithologic proportions are unique and consistent within the deposits that correspond to each eruptive phase.</p>\n<p>The chief factors that influenced pyroclastic currents and the characteristics of their deposits were genesis, grain size, and flow surface. Column collapse from short-lived vulcanian blasts, dome collapses, and collapses of viscous lavas on steep slopes caused the pyroclastic currents documented in this study. Column-collapse flows during the explosive phase spread widely and probably were affected by vaporization of ingested snow where they overran snowpack. Such pyroclastic currents can erode substrates formed of snow or ice through a combination of mechanical and thermal processes at the bed, thus enhancing the spread of these flows across snowpack and generating mixed avalanches and lahars. Grain-size characteristics of these initial pyroclastic currents and overburden pressures at their bases favored thermal scour of snow and coeval fluidization. These flows scoured substrate snow and generated secondary slurry flows, whereas subsequent flows did not. Some secondary flows were wetter and more laharic than others. Where secondary flows were quite watery, recognizable mixed-avalanche deposits were small or insignificant, and lahars were predominant. Where such flows contained substantial amounts of snow, mixed-avalanche deposits blanketed medial reaches of valleys and formed extensive marginal terraces and axial islands in distal reaches. Flows that contained significant amounts of snow formed cogenetic mixed avalanches that slid across surfaces protected by snowpack, whereas water-rich axial lahars scoured channels.</p>\n<div>Correlations of planimetric area (<i>A</i>) versus volume (<i>V</i>) for pyroclastic deposits with similar origins and characteristics exhibit linear trends, such that <i>A=cV<sup>2/3</sup></i>, where <i>c</i> is a constant for similar groups of flows. This relationship was tested and&nbsp;calibrated for dome-collapse, column-collapse, and surgelike flows using area-volume data from this study and examples from Montserrat, Merapi, and Mount St. Helens. The ratio <i>A/V<sup>2/3</sup></i>=<i>c</i> gives a dimensionless measure of mobility calibrated for each of these three types of flow. Surgelike flows are highly mobile, with <i>c</i>&asymp;520; column-collapse flows have <i>c</i>&asymp;150; and dome-collapse flows have <i>c</i>&asymp;35, about that of simple rock avalanches. Such calibrated mobility factors have a potential use in volcano-hazard assessments.</div>","largerWorkTitle":"The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp176910","usgsCitation":"Vallance, J.W., Bull, K.F., and Coombs, M.L., 2010, Pyroclastic flows, lahars, and mixed avalanches generated during the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano: Chapter 10 in <i>The 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1769, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp176910.","productDescription":"49 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"267","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp176910.gif"},{"id":14363,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1769/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153.51470947265625,\n              59.412945785071\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.47625732421875,\n              59.41993301322722\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.446044921875,\n              59.428315784042574\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.39385986328125,\n              59.428315784042574\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.36090087890622,\n              59.41574084934491\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.34442138671875,\n              59.39477224351409\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.31695556640625,\n              59.37658895163648\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.32794189453125,\n              59.33599107056162\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.37188720703125,\n              59.32338185310805\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.446044921875,\n              59.31777625443006\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.5394287109375,\n              59.31076795603884\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.577880859375,\n              59.32618430580267\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.577880859375,\n              59.35139598294652\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.60260009765625,\n              59.379387015928536\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.59161376953125,\n              59.404559208021745\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.55865478515625,\n              59.410150490100754\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.51470947265625,\n              59.412945785071\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db6556c9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":647360,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647361,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":96841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeffrey T.","affiliations":[{"id":26875,"text":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647362,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bull, Katharine F.","contributorId":42692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bull","given":"Katharine","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}