In 1974, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District, initiated a study to assess the regional groundwater resources in the Bunker Hill Subbasin of the Upper Santa Ana Valley Groundwater Basin in San Bernardino County, California. The study area expanded east into the Yucaipa Subbasin in 1996. This report compiles the geologic (borehole lithology and geophysical logs) and hydrologic (water-quality and water-level) data collected from 1974–2016 for 11 multiple-well monitoring sites (48 individual wells) constructed by the USGS in the Bunker Hill (7 sites) and Yucaipa (4 sites) Groundwater Subbasins.
Approximately 240 water-quality samples from the 11 sites were analyzed for constituents including major and minor ions, nutrients, selected trace elements, organic wastewater compounds (OWCs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides and pesticide degradates, the stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, and the radiogenic isotopes of tritium and carbon-14. All environmental data associated with these sites are available on the project web page for the San Bernardino Optimal Basin Management study (https://ca.water.usgs.gov/sanbern/) and the Yucaipa Valley Hydrogeology study (https://ca.water.usgs.gov/yucaipa/).
Quality-assurance blank samples were processed periodically throughout the study and show that approximately 2.4 percent of the analytical results for major and minor ions, trace elements, and nutrients, and 1.5 percent of the results for VOCs fall below the acceptable study reporting limits and therefore are censored.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District","usgsCitation":"Mendez, G.O., Anders, R., McPherson, K.R., and Danskin, W.R., 2018, Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data from multiple-well monitoring sites in the Bunker Hill and Yucaipa Groundwater Subbasins, San Bernardino County, California, 1974–2016 (ver 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1096, 215 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1096.","productDescription":"viii, 215 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1974-01-01","temporalEnd":"2016-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-077227","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358988,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1096/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":359774,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1096/versionHist.txt","size":"3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DS 1096 Version History"},{"id":358989,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1096/ds1096_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"25.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1096"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.54547119140624,\n 33.863573814253485\n ],\n [\n -116.54022216796875,\n 33.863573814253485\n ],\n [\n -116.54022216796875,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -117.54547119140624,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -117.54547119140624,\n 33.863573814253485\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1: November 2018; Version 1.0: October 2018","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
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6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
Most of Hawaii's endemic avifauna are species of conservation concern. Some of Hawaii's endangered waterbirds, however, have increased in number as a result of intensive management of wetlands. To inform these conservation efforts, we examined interisland genetic structure and gene flow within 2 Hawaiian endemic waterbirds, the Hawaiian Coot (Fulica alai) and the Hawaiian subspecies of the Common Gallinule (Gallinula galeata sandvicensis), using microsatellite and mitochondrial loci. Hawaiian Coots and Hawaiian Gallinules occupy coastal wetlands and exhibit similar life history characteristics and generation times, although they may differ in dispersal propensity. Mark–resight data for Hawaiian Coot indicate interisland movements, whereas Hawaiian Gallinules are sedentary. Genetic diversity is partitioned across the landscape differently for Hawaiian Coots and Hawaiian Gallinules; patterns of variation are likely influenced by behavioral and ecological mechanisms. Hawaiian Coots exhibit low levels of structure at microsatellite loci (FST = 0.029) and high levels of gene flow among islands. Conversely, Hawaiian Gallinules are highly structured across marker types (microsatellite FST = 0.205, mtDNA control region FST = 0.370, mtDNA ND2 FST = 0.087), with restricted recent gene flow. Patterns of gene flow have changed after the population declines in the early to mid-1900s. Gene flow estimates indicate historical dispersal from Kauai to Oahu in both species, while recent estimates show individual Hawaiian Coots dispersing from Oahu and restricted gene flow between islands for the Hawaiian Gallinule. Changes in gene flow through time suggest that patterns of dispersal may be an artifact of the availability of habitat, which may be indirectly associated with the synergistic influences of population density and wetland quality. Despite recent population size increases for both species, continued threats to Hawaiian waterbirds (i.e. nonnative mammalian predators and invasive plants, avian disease, altered hydrology, and saltwater inundation of freshwater wetlands) will likely require continued active management to maintain viable populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-18-98.1","usgsCitation":"Sonsthagen, S.A., Wilson, R.E., and Underwood, J.G., 2018, Interisland genetic structure of two endangered Hawaiian waterbirds: The Hawaiian Coot and Hawaiian Gallinule: The Condor, v. 120, no. 4, p. 863-873, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-18-98.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"863","endPage":"873","ipdsId":"IP-099058","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460825,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-18-98.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F74Q7SXC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hawaiian Coot (Fulica alai) and Hawaiian Gallinule (Gallinula galeata sandvicensis) Microsatellite and Mitochondrial DNA Data, 2014-2016, Oahu, Kauai, and Molokai, Hawaii"},{"id":358969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.499267578125,\n 18.760712758499565\n ],\n [\n -154.7314453125,\n 18.760712758499565\n ],\n [\n -154.7314453125,\n 22.370396344320053\n ],\n [\n -160.499267578125,\n 22.370396344320053\n ],\n [\n -160.499267578125,\n 18.760712758499565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a902e4b034bf6a7e4ef5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Robert E. 0000-0003-1800-0183 rewilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-0183","contributorId":5718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Robert","email":"rewilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Underwood, Jared G.","contributorId":198606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Underwood","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70200657,"text":"70200657 - 2018 - Watershed ‘chemical cocktails’: forming novel elemental combinations in Anthropocene fresh waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T14:09:21","indexId":"70200657","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-26T16:35:43","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Watershed ‘chemical cocktails’: forming novel elemental combinations in Anthropocene fresh waters","docAbstract":"In the Anthropocene, watershed chemical transport is increasingly dominated by novel combinations of elements, which are hydrologically linked together as ‘chemical cocktails.’ Chemical cocktails are novel because human activities greatly enhance elemental concentrations and their probability for biogeochemical interactions and shared transport along hydrologic flowpaths. A new chemical cocktail approach advances our ability to: trace contaminant mixtures in watersheds, develop chemical proxies with high-resolution sensor data, and manage multiple water quality problems. We explore the following questions: (1) Can we classify elemental transport in watersheds as chemical cocktails using a new approach? (2) What is the role of climate and land use in enhancing the formation and transport of chemical cocktails in watersheds? To address these questions, we first analyze trends in concentrations of carbon, nutrients, metals, and salts in fresh waters over 100 years. Next, we explore how climate and land use enhance the probability of formation of chemical cocktails of carbon, nutrients, metals, and salts. Ultimately, we classify transport of chemical cocktails based on solubility, mobility, reactivity, and dominant phases: (1) sieved chemical cocktails (e.g., particulate forms of nutrients, metals and organic matter); (2) filtered chemical cocktails (e.g., dissolved organic matter and associated metal complexes); (3) chromatographic chemical cocktails (e.g., ions eluted from soil exchange sites); and (4) reactive chemical cocktails (e.g., limiting nutrients and redox sensitive elements). Typically, contaminants are regulated and managed one element at a time, even though combinations of elements interact to influence many water quality problems such as toxicity to life, eutrophication, infrastructure corrosion, and water treatment. A chemical cocktail approach significantly expands evaluations of water quality signatures and impacts beyond single elements to mixtures. High-frequency sensor data (pH, specific conductance, turbidity, etc.) can serve as proxies for chemical cocktails and improve real-time analyses of water quality violations, identify regulatory needs, and track water quality recovery following storms and extreme climate events. Ultimately, a watershed chemical cocktail approach is necessary for effectively co-managing groups of contaminants and provides a more holistic approach for studying, monitoring, and managing water quality in the Anthropocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-018-0502-6","usgsCitation":"Kaushal, S., Gold, A.J., Bernal, S., Newcomer Johnson, T., Addy, K., Burgin, A., Burns, D., Coble, A.A., Hood, E.W., Lu, Y., Mayer, P., Minor, E.C., Schroth, A.W., Vidon, P., Wilson, H.F., Xenopolous, M.A., Doody, T., Galella, J.G., Goodling, P., Haviland, K., Haq, S., Wessel, B., Wood, K.L., Jaworski, N., and Belt, K., 2018, Watershed ‘chemical cocktails’: forming novel elemental combinations in Anthropocene fresh waters: Biogeochemistry, v. 141, no. 3, p. 281-305, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0502-6.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"305","ipdsId":"IP-093496","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/nrs_facpubs/407","text":"External 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Susana","contributorId":210126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernal","given":"Susana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38075,"text":"Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes, Girona, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newcomer Johnson, Tammy A.","contributorId":210127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newcomer Johnson","given":"Tammy A.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Addy, Kelly","contributorId":210128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Addy","given":"Kelly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38076,"text":"Univ of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burgin, 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Norbert","contributorId":210141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaworski","given":"Norbert","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Belt, Kenneth T.","contributorId":210142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belt","given":"Kenneth T.","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25}]}} ,{"id":70200653,"text":"70200653 - 2018 - Systematic variation in evapotranspiration trends and drivers across the Northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:46:00","indexId":"70200653","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-26T16:30:59","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Systematic variation in evapotranspiration trends and drivers across the Northeastern United States","docAbstract":"The direction and magnitude of responses of evapotranspiration (ET) to climate change are important to understand, as ET represents a major water and energy flux from terrestrial ecosystems, with consequences that feed back to the climate system. We inferred multidecadal trends in water balance in 11 river basins (1940–2012) and eight smaller watersheds (with records ranging from 18 to 61 years in length) in the Northeastern United States. Trends in river basin actual ET (AET) varied across the region, with an apparent latitudinal pattern: AET increased in the cooler northern part of the region (Maine) but decreased in some warmer regions to the southwest (Pennsylvania–Ohio). Of the four small watersheds with records longer than 45 years, two fit this geographic pattern in AET trends. The differential effects of the warming climate on AET across the region may indicate different mechanisms of change in more‐ vs. less‐energy‐limited watersheds, even though annual precipitation greatly exceeds potential ET across the entire region. Correlations between AET and time series of temperature and precipitation also indicate differences in limiting factors for AET across the Northeastern U.S. climate gradient. At many sites across the climate gradient, water‐year AET correlated with summer precipitation, implying that water limitation is at least transiently important in some years, whereas correlations with temperature indices were more prominent in northern than southern sites within the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.13278","usgsCitation":"Vadeboncoeur, M.A., Green, M.B., Asbjornsen, H., Campbell, J.L., Adams, M.B., Boyer, E.W., Burns, D., Fernandez, I.J., Mitchell, M., and Shanley, J.B., 2018, Systematic variation in evapotranspiration trends and drivers across the Northeastern United States: Hydrological Processes, v. 32, no. 23, p. 3547-3560, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13278.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3547","endPage":"3560","ipdsId":"IP-090778","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.30957031249999,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -67.587890625,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -67.587890625,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -82.30957031249999,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -82.30957031249999,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"23","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bed4272e4b0b3fc5cf91c82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A","contributorId":210121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vadeboncoeur","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":38070,"text":"Research Scientist, Earth Systems Research Center, University of NH, Durham NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Mark B.","contributorId":210122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":38071,"text":"Associate Professor, Center for the Environment, Plymouth State University, Plymouth NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asbjornsen, Heidi","contributorId":210123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asbjornsen","given":"Heidi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38072,"text":"Associate Professor, Earth Systems Research Center, University of NH, Durham NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, John L.","contributorId":178410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, Mary Beth","contributorId":150354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Beth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":202943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fernandez, Ivan J","contributorId":210124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Ivan","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":38073,"text":"Professor, School of Forest Resources and Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono ME","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mitchell, Myron J","contributorId":178412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Myron J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70199372,"text":"sir20185124 - 2018 - Concentrations of nutrients at the water table beneath forage fields receiving seasonal applications of manure, Whatcom County, Washington, autumn 2011–spring 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T12:54:27","indexId":"sir20185124","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-26T08:39:48","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5124","title":"Concentrations of nutrients at the water table beneath forage fields receiving seasonal applications of manure, Whatcom County, Washington, autumn 2011–spring 2015","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Whatcom Conservation District (WCD), collected groundwater-quality data for roughly 3 years (October 2011–May 2015) from near the water table beneath forage fields receiving regular seasonal applications of liquid dairy manure in Whatcom County, Washington. The work was done as part of an evaluation of WCD’s prototypical Application Risk Management (ARM) decision support system. The ARM system uses a combination of field-specific hydrology, stage of crop-growth, manure management practices, soil conditions, and precipitation forecast to evaluate the timing of manure application via a set of decision support tools (Manure Spreading Advisory, ARM Worksheet, manure application setback distances) in order to reduce the risk of contamination of surface water and groundwater. The ARM system’s effectiveness in reducing leaching of nitrate to groundwater was evaluated by monitoring nitrate concentrations in recently recharged groundwater beneath paired test plots receiving manure application scheduled using either conventional (CON) manure scheduling procedures, which utilize fixed start and end dates for manure application along with projected crop nutrient requirements or ARM manure scheduling procedures using an approach to manure application timing based on projected crop nutrient needs, field conditions, and weather forecast. Water-quality samples from the surface of the water table were collected synoptically from paired test plots (2–5 monitoring wells per test plot) at approximately monthly intervals at three different dairy field sites. Water-quality samples from near the water table were isolated from the underlying aquifer using a combination of an inflatable packer and a fine-grained sand pack encompassing the well-screen interval.
Concentrations of nitrate and chloride measured at the water table beneath test plots were highly variable. Concentrations of nitrate ranged from non-detectable to 116 milligrams nitrogen per liter (mg-N/L), and chloride ranged from 1.15 to 153 mg/L. In each test plot, seasonal variations were much greater than spatial variations. Differences in nitrate concentrations in groundwater between the two treatments were inconclusive. Nitrate concentrations in groundwater at paired treatment plots (Mann Whitney, p<0.05) were significantly lower beneath the ARM treatment plot at site B, yet significantly higher beneath the ARM treatment plot at site C. Nitrate concentrations in ground water varied significantly among individual wells at each site (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.05), indicating that leaching of nitrates from soil following manure application is spatially variable at the field scale tested regardless of manure application strategy. At all three paired test plots, average concentrations of nitrate and chloride at the water table were lowest near the end of the growing season (September) and increased rapidly with the onset of autumn rains (October–December). Under both the conventional (calendar-based) and treatment (ARM-based) manure application scheduling systems, high soil nitrate concentrations in autumn were coincident with rising groundwater levels, suggesting that nitrate and chloride were flushed from soil to groundwater by recharge from the seasonal rains. Under both treatments, concentrations of nitrate in shallow (10–25 feet) groundwater beneath forage fields receiving manure applications were greater than the nitrate drinking water standard of 10 mg-N/L in approximately 85 percent of samples. Yearly mass loading of nitrogen to the groundwater system calculated from nitrate concentrations at the water table and estimates of recharge volume ranged from 86 to 196 pounds-N per acre, which was equivalent to approximately 16–37 percent of the recommended manure application rate for projected forage production yield of 7 dry tons per acre per year. Manure nitrogen applied in the autumn, when crop nutrient needs decrease due to reduced sunlight and cooler temperatures and commensurate with ongoing mineralization of soil organic-nitrogen and increased seasonal precipitation, are more likely to exceed the immediate plant nutritional requirements and hence be flushed to groundwater than manure applications occurring near the peak of the growing season.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Whatcom Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Cox, S.E., Spanjer, A.R., Huffman, R.L., Black, R.W., Barbash, J.E., and Embertson, N.M., 2018, Concentrations of nutrients at the water table beneath forage fields receiving seasonal applications of manure, Whatcom County, Washington, autumn 2011–spring 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018-5124, 41 p.,\nhttps://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185124.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 41 p.; Data release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092676","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437710,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7D50K3F","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Concentration of nitrate and other water-quality constituents in groundwater from the water table beneath forage fields receiving seasonal applications of dairy manure, Whatcom County, Washington (2015)"},{"id":358358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5124/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":358359,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5124/sir20185124.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5124"},{"id":358360,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7D50K3F","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Realase","linkHelpText":"Concentration of nitrate and other water-quality constituents in groundwater from the water table beneath forage fields receiving seasonal applications of dairy manure, Whatcom County, Washington (2015)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Whatcom County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.48554229736328,\n 48.90286905393369\n ],\n [\n -122.21260070800781,\n 48.90286905393369\n ],\n [\n -122.21260070800781,\n 48.99711382864934\n ],\n [\n -122.48554229736328,\n 48.99711382864934\n ],\n [\n -122.48554229736328,\n 48.90286905393369\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director Washington Water Science Center
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934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
A methodology based on general hydraulic relations for rivers has been developed to estimate the discharge (flow rate) of rivers using satellite remote sensing observations. The estimates of discharge, flow depth, and flow velocity are derived from remotely observed water surface area, water surface slope, and water surface height, and demonstrated for two reaches of the Yukon River in Alaska, at Eagle (reach length 34.7 km) and near Stevens Village (reach length 38.3 km). The method is based on fundamental equations of hydraulic flow resistance in rivers, including the Manning equation and the Prandtl-von Karman universal velocity distribution equation. The method employs some new hydraulic relations to help define flow resistance and height of the zero flow boundary in the channel. Estimates are made both with and without calibration. The water surface area of the river reach is measured by using a provisional version of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat based product named Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE). The water surface height and slope measurements require a self-consistent datum, and are derived from observations from the Jason-2 satellite altimeter mission. At both reach locations, the Jason-2 radar altimeter non-winter heights consistently tracked the stage recorded at USGS streamgages with a standard deviation of differences (error) during the non-winter periods of less than 7%. Part of the error may be due to differences in the gage and altimeter crossing locations with respect to the range of stage change and the response to changes in discharge at the upstream and downstream locations. For the non-winter periods, the radar derived slope estimates (mean = 0.0003) were constant over the mission lifetime, and in agreement with previously measured USGS water surface slopes and slopes determined from USGS topographic maps. The accuracy of the mean of the uncalibrated daily estimates of discharge varied between reaches, ranging from 13% near Stevens Village (N = 90) to −21% at Eagle (N = 246) based on the absolute error, and 5% to −6% based on the error of the log of the estimates. Calibrating to the mean of USGS daily discharge estimates from the streamflow rating for the same period of record at each streamgage resulted in mean absolute errors ranging from 1% to 2%, and log errors ranging from 1% or less. The error pattern of the estimates shows that without calibration, even though the mean is well simulated, the high and low end values over the range of estimates may have significant bias.
A recent paper by Weyer (Environ Earth Sci 2018, 77:1–16) challenges the widely accepted interpretation of groundwater heads and salinities in the coastal Biscayne aquifer near Miami, Florida, USA. Weyer (2018) suggests that the body of saltwater that underlies fresh groundwater just inland of the coast is not a recirculating wedge of seawater, but results instead from upward migration of deep saline groundwater driven by regional flow. Perhaps more significantly, Weyer (2018) also asserts that established hydrologic theory is fundamentally incorrect with respect to buoyancy. Instead of acting along the direction of gravity (that is, vertically), Weyer (2018) claims, buoyancy acts instead along the direction of the pressure gradient. As a result, Weyer (2018) considers currently available density-dependent groundwater flow and transport modeling codes, and the analyses based on them, to be in error. In this rebuttal, we clarify the inaccuracies in the main points of Weyer’s (2018) paper. First, we explain that Weyer (2018) has misinterpreted observed equivalent freshwater heads in the Biscayne aquifer and that his alternative hypothesis concerning the source of the saltwater does not explain the observed salinities. Then, we review the established theory of buoyancy to identify the problem with Weyer’s (2018) alternative theory. Finally, we present theory and cite successful benchmark simulations to affirm the suitability of currently available codes for modeling density-dependent groundwater flow and transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12665-018-7832-5","usgsCitation":"Provost, A.M., Werner, A.D., Post, V.E., Michael, H.A., and Langevin, C.D., 2018, Rebuttal to “The case of the Biscayne Bay and aquifer near Miami, Florida: density-driven flow of seawater or gravitationally driven discharge of deep saline groundwater?” by Weyer (Environ Earth Sci 2018, 77:1–16): Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 77, p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7832-5.","productDescription":"Article 710; 6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","ipdsId":"IP-097832","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7832-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a917e4b034bf6a7e4f8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Provost, Alden M. 0000-0002-4443-1107 aprovost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-1107","contributorId":138757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Provost","given":"Alden","email":"aprovost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":749224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Werner, Adrian D.","contributorId":209967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":38040,"text":"College of Science and Engineering, and National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, Flinders University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Post, Vincent E. A.","contributorId":209968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Post","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"E. A.","affiliations":[{"id":38041,"text":"College of Science and Engineering, and National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, Flinders University; Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, Holly A.","contributorId":190224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michael","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70200476,"text":"70200476 - 2018 - Application of hydrologic-tracer techniques to the Casargiu adit and Rio Irvi (SW-Sardinia, Italy): Using enhanced natural attenuation to reduce extreme metal loads","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:55:28","indexId":"70200476","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-20T17:31:56","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of hydrologic-tracer techniques to the Casargiu adit and Rio Irvi (SW-Sardinia, Italy): Using enhanced natural attenuation to reduce extreme metal loads","docAbstract":"Hydrologic tracer techniques were applied to Rio Irvi (SW Sardinia), a stream affected by mine drainage, allowing the calculation of stream discharge and metal loads and comparison to other streams. The calculated discharge showed a continuous increase from near 21.2 L/s to 29.1 L/s. Cumulative loads of mine-related constituents, including the Casargiu adit inflow, were large, with more than 9900 kg/day of SO42−, 2370 kg/day of Zn, 550 kg/day of Fe and 172 kg/day of Mn. The greatest measurable inflow source of metals, other than the Casargiu adit, was an acidic tributary (L4), but most sources of instream metal load were related to dispersed groundwater inflows. Some of those groundwater inflows were related to non-flowing tributaries. Calculations of the cumulative instream metal load, excluding the Casargiu adit inflow, indicated increases of 1250 kg/day for SO42, 858 kg/day for Zn-, 137 kg/day gain for Fe and 60 kg/day for Mn.
Rio Irvi Zn load was extreme for a stream of this size and discharge. A comparison with two other mine-affected rivers in Sardinia indicated the loading in Rio Irvi was two to three orders of magnitude greater. This difference was attributed to different geochemical conditions, but also to a lack of a biogeochemical barrier like that seen to be acting along and below the riverbed in Rio San Giorgio. Several years of intense vegetation growth in the river bed of Rio San Giorgio created a biogeochemical barrier to metal loading, and the cumulative Zn load there was near 8 kg/day, despite being a drainage with a greater mass of mine wastes to contribute to the load.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.06.004","usgsCitation":"De Giudici, G., Medas, D., Cidu, R., Lattanzi, P., Podda, F., Frau, F., Rigonat, N., Pusceddu, C., Da Pelo, S., Onnis, P., Marras, P.A., Wanty, R.B., and Kimball, B.A., 2018, Application of hydrologic-tracer techniques to the Casargiu adit and Rio Irvi (SW-Sardinia, Italy): Using enhanced natural attenuation to reduce extreme metal loads: Applied Geochemistry, v. 96, p. 42-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.06.004.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"54","ipdsId":"IP-099056","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358590,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","state":"Sardinia","otherGeospatial":"Casargiu adit, Rio Irvi","volume":"96","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a919e4b034bf6a7e4fae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Giudici, Giovanni","contributorId":209900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Giudici","given":"Giovanni","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16820,"text":"University of Cagliari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Medas, Daniela","contributorId":209901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Medas","given":"Daniela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16820,"text":"University of Cagliari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cidu, Rosa","contributorId":209902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cidu","given":"Rosa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16820,"text":"University of Cagliari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lattanzi, Pierfranco","contributorId":209903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lattanzi","given":"Pierfranco","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16820,"text":"University of Cagliari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Podda, Francesca","contributorId":209904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Podda","given":"Francesca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16820,"text":"University of Cagliari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frau, Franco","contributorId":209905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frau","given":"Franco","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16820,"text":"University of Cagliari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rigonat, Nicola","contributorId":209906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rigonat","given":"Nicola","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16820,"text":"University of Cagliari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pusceddu, Claudia","contributorId":209907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pusceddu","given":"Claudia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16820,"text":"University of Cagliari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Da Pelo, Stefania","contributorId":209908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Da Pelo","given":"Stefania","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16820,"text":"University of Cagliari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Onnis, Patrizia","contributorId":209909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Onnis","given":"Patrizia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16820,"text":"University of Cagliari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Marras, Pier Andrea","contributorId":209910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marras","given":"Pier","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrea","affiliations":[{"id":16820,"text":"University of Cagliari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70200479,"text":"70200479 - 2018 - Ice wedge degradation and stabilization impacts water budgets and nutrient cycling in Arctic trough ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-20T17:16:15","indexId":"70200479","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-20T17:16:08","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ice wedge degradation and stabilization impacts water budgets and nutrient cycling in Arctic trough ponds","docAbstract":"Trough ponds are ubiquitous features of Arctic landscapes and an important component of freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Permafrost thaw causes ground subsidence, creating depressions that gather water, creating ponds. Permafrost thaw also releases solutes and nutrients, which may fertilize these newly formed ponds. We measured water budget elements and chloride, ammonium, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) across a chronosequence of trough ponds representing different stages of ice wedge degradation and stabilization. We developed a coupled hydrologic and biogeochemical model to explore how ice wedge degradation affects hydrology and nutrient availability in trough ponds in the advanced degradation stages (DAs), which are characterized by deep troughs with warmer temperatures relative to the other stages. DAs experienced greater evaporation than the other stages, and subsurface inflows entered the DAs from a wide area. Chloride accumulated in the ponds with time since thaw, implying that subsurface fluxes are delivering solutes from the thawing permafrost. Ammonium accumulated at high rates in the initial degradation stage and was seasonally depleted over the summer in all degradation stages. Ammonium trends in the DAs were consistent with high concentration inflows and in‐pond assimilation at rates between 0.37 and 2.0 mg N m−2 day−1. Seasonal DON trends indicated that the accumulation of recalcitrant organic matter may eventually limit aquatic ecosystem production and foster pond infilling. These results provide direct evidence of nutrient release from thawing permafrost and the utilization of these nutrients by Arctic trough pond ecosystems and highlight infilling as a mechanism by which Arctic surface waters may be lost
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018JG004528","usgsCitation":"Koch, J.C., Jorgenson, M., Wickland, K.P., Kanevskiy, M.Z., and Striegl, R.G., 2018, Ice wedge degradation and stabilization impacts water budgets and nutrient cycling in Arctic trough ponds: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 123, no. 8, p. 2604-2616, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004528.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2604","endPage":"2616","ipdsId":"IP-092115","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jg004528","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a91ae4b034bf6a7e4fb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, Joshua C. 0000-0001-7180-6982 jkoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-6982","contributorId":202532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Joshua","email":"jkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":140457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. Torre","affiliations":[{"id":13506,"text":"Alaska Ecoscience","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z.","contributorId":199153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanevskiy","given":"Mikhail","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":749085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70200482,"text":"70200482 - 2018 - Findings and lessons learned from the assessment of the Mexico-United States transboundary San Pedro and Santa Cruz aquifers: The utility of social science in applied hydrologic research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-28T08:58:24","indexId":"70200482","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-20T17:04:38","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3823,"text":"Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Findings and lessons learned from the assessment of the Mexico-United States transboundary San Pedro and Santa Cruz aquifers: The utility of social science in applied hydrologic research","docAbstract":"Study Region
This study region encompasses the Transboundary San Pedro and Santa Cruz aquifers which are shared between the states of Sonora (Mexico) and Arizona (US). Special regional considerations include a semi-arid climate, basin-fill aquifers with predominantly montane recharge areas, economic drivers in the mining, trade, and military sectors, groundwater-dependent cities with expanding cones of depression, interbasin groundwater transfers, ground- and surface-water contamination, and protected aquatic and riparian habitats that act as significant migration corridors for hundreds of species, including some that are threatened and endangered.
Study Focus
We focus on lessons learned from the hydrologic assessment of the Transboundary San Pedro and Santa Cruz aquifers. We conducted the work, in two phases: (1) laying the groundwork and (2) implementation. The “laying the groundwork” phase consisted of binational meetings with stakeholders and key actors (agencies and individuals), and the development of an understanding of the physical, institutional, historical, and socio-political context. This led to signing of the binational Transboundary Aquifer Assessment Program (TAAP) agreement in 2009 and detailed the process for cooperation and coordination in the assessment of shared aquifers. The implementation phase began with an agreement to proceed with the study of four “focus” aquifers (Santa Cruz, San Pedro, Mesilla (Conejos-Médanos in Mexico), and Hueco Bolson (Bolsón del Hueco in Mexico)) and development of associated technical teams. Though we do include a brief discussion of the lessons learned from the physical science portion of the study, the results have been described and published elsewhere. The bulk of the paper instead focuses on the findings and lessons learned from the integration of social-science perspectives into a largely physical-science based program, since there is a growing recognition of the need for this type of approach especially in the management and assessment of transboundary aquifers.
New Hydrological Insights for the Region
The Sonora-Arizona effort succeeded because both countries were adequately represented, and because of flexibility of skills and ability of teams comprising both university and government scientists. Teams included social and earth scientists. Including the social sciences was critical to research design and implementation, and to addressing the cultural, institutional, and socio-political contexts of transboundary aquifer assessment. Significant components of the continuing implementation phase include strategic planning, data compilation and analysis, cross-border integration of datasets, geophysical and geochemical surveys, and internal, peer, and stakeholder engagement.
Determining the spatial distribution of coastal foundation species is essential to accurately determine restoration goals, predict the ecological effects of climate change, and develop habitat management strategies. Mapping the distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) species assemblages, which provide important habitat resource and ecological services in Louisiana, has been difficult due to the dynamic nature of SAV occurrence and the limited water clarity across much of the coast. Species distribution models (SDMs) link ecological conditions species occurrence across landscapes, and can predict the distribution of species across un-sampled or hard to sample areas and support the development of habitat maps. To predict SAV distribution in coastal Louisiana, a SDM was developed and projected across the landscape to create a spatial likelihood of occurrence (SLOO) model describing the probability of SAV presence in aquatic habitats. SAV presence and absence data were examined from over 500 field observations in relation to physical and hydrologic variables, including exposure, turbidity, water level, and salinity. A binary logistic regression model (p < 0.0001) identified three significant predictors of SAV presence: mean winter salinity, exposure, and turbidity. As each of these variables increased, the probability of SAV presence in the summer growing season decreased. The spatial application of this SDM helps to predict the likelihood of occurrence across the coastal landscape, creating a valuable tool to describe un-sampled SAV habitat and estimate future changes in habitat availability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2018.08.007","usgsCitation":"DeMarco, K., Couvillion, B., Brown, S., and La Peyre, M., 2018, Submerged aquatic vegetation mapping in coastal Louisiana through development of a spatial likelihood occurrence (SLOO) model: Aquatic Botany, v. 151, p. 87-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2018.08.007.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"97","ipdsId":"IP-094080","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2018.08.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94,\n 28.75\n ],\n [\n -88.75,\n 28.75\n ],\n [\n -88.75,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 28.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"151","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a91ce4b034bf6a7e4fd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeMarco, Kristin","contributorId":200003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeMarco","given":"Kristin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Couvillion, Brady 0000-0001-5323-1687 couvillionb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-1687","contributorId":146832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couvillion","given":"Brady","email":"couvillionb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Stuart","contributorId":209831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Stuart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"La Peyre, Megan 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":79375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70200371,"text":"70200371 - 2018 - Interseismic ground deformation and fault slip rates in the greater San Francisco Bay Area from two decades of space geodetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T16:40:08","indexId":"70200371","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-15T15:38:12","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interseismic ground deformation and fault slip rates in the greater San Francisco Bay Area from two decades of space geodetic data","docAbstract":"The detailed spatial variations of strain accumulation and creep on major faults in the northern San Francisco Bay Area (North Bay), which are important for seismic potential and evaluation of natural hazards, remain poorly understood. Here we combine interferometric synthetic aperture radar data from the ERS‐1/2 and Envisat satellites between 1992 and 2010 with continuous and campaign GPS data to obtain a high spatial and temporal coverage of ground deformation of the North Bay. The SAR data from both ascending and descending orbits are combined to separate horizontal and vertical components of the deformation. We jointly invert the horizontal component of the mean velocities derived from these data to infer the deep strike‐slip rates on major locked faults. We use the estimated deep rates to simulate the long‐wavelength deformation due to interseismic elastic strain accumulation along these locked faults. After removing the long‐wavelength signal from the InSAR horizontal mean velocity field, we estimate fault‐parallel surface creep rates of up to 2 mm/year along the central section of the Rodgers Creek fault and surface creep rates ranging between 2 and 4 mm/year along the Concord fault. No surface creep is geodetically resolved along the West Napa and Green Valley fault zones. We identified characteristically repeating earthquakes on the Rodgers Creek fault, the West Napa fault, the Green Valley fault, and the Concord fault. Nontectonic deformation in the Geysers geothermal field and in Late Cenozoic basins (Rohnert Park and Sonoma basins) are also observed, likely due to hydrological and sediment‐compaction processes, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018JB016004","usgsCitation":"Xu, W., Wu, S., Materna, K.Z., Nadeau, R., Floyd, M., Funning, G.J., Chaussard, E., Johnson, C.W., Murray, J.R., Ding, X., and Burgmann, R., 2018, Interseismic ground deformation and fault slip rates in the greater San Francisco Bay Area from two decades of space geodetic data: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 123, no. 9, p. 8095-8109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016004.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"8095","endPage":"8109","ipdsId":"IP-099081","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb016004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a91ee4b034bf6a7e4ff0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wu, Songbo 0000-0003-2118-0963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2118-0963","contributorId":209696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Songbo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37969,"text":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748589,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nadeau, Robert 0000-0003-1255-0643","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1255-0643","contributorId":209698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nadeau","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748590,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ding, Xiaoling","contributorId":149367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ding","given":"Xiaoling","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17720,"text":"College of Marine Science USF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748591,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":10}],"authors":[{"text":"Xu, Wenbin 0000-0001-7294-8229","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7294-8229","contributorId":209695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Wenbin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37969,"text":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, Songbo 0000-0003-2118-0963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2118-0963","contributorId":209696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Songbo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37969,"text":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Materna, Kathryn Z. 0000-0002-6687-980X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6687-980X","contributorId":209697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Materna","given":"Kathryn","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":13693,"text":"University of Colorado Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nadeau, Robert 0000-0003-1255-0643","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1255-0643","contributorId":209698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nadeau","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Floyd, Michael","contributorId":167568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Floyd","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Funning, Gareth J. 0000-0002-8247-0545","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8247-0545","contributorId":172418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funning","given":"Gareth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6984,"text":"UC Riverside","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chaussard, Estelle 0000-0002-2291-7085","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2291-7085","contributorId":209699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chaussard","given":"Estelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37970,"text":"State University of New York, Buffalo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, Christopher W.","contributorId":197307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ding, Xiaoling","contributorId":149367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ding","given":"Xiaoling","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17720,"text":"College of Marine Science USF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Burgmann, Roland","contributorId":192700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgmann","given":"Roland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70200124,"text":"70200124 - 2018 - Variability of organic carbon content and the retention and release of trichloroethene in the rock matrix of a mudstone aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T13:56:40","indexId":"70200124","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-12T13:56:34","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability of organic carbon content and the retention and release of trichloroethene in the rock matrix of a mudstone aquifer","docAbstract":"Contaminants diffusing from fractures into the immobile porosity of the rock matrix are subject to prolonged residence times. Organic contaminants can adsorb onto organic carbonaceous materials in the matrix extending contaminant retention. An investigation of spatial variability of the fraction of organic carbon (foc) is conducted on samples of rock core from seven closely spaced boreholes in a mudstone aquifer contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE). A total of 378 samples were analyzed at depths between 14 and 36 m below land surface. Mudstone units associated with deep water deposition have the largest foc, with a maximum value of 0.0396, and units associated with shallow water deposition have the smallest foc. Even though foc correlates with depositional conditions, foc still varies over more than an order of magnitude in continuous mudstone layers between boreholes, and there is large variability in foc over short distances perpendicular to bedding. Simulations of diffusion and linear equilibrium adsorption of TCE using spatially variable foc in the rock matrix show order of magnitude variability in the adsorbed TCE over short distances in the matrix and residence times extending to hundreds of years following remediation in adjacent fractures. Simulations using average values of foc do not capture the range of TCE mass that can be retained in a rock matrix characterized by spatially variable foc. Bounds on TCE mass within the rock matrix can be obtained by simulations with spatially uniform values of focequal to the maximum and minimum values of foc for a given mudstone unit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.09.001","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., and Brenneis, R.J., 2018, Variability of organic carbon content and the retention and release of trichloroethene in the rock matrix of a mudstone aquifer: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 217, p. 32-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.09.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"42","ipdsId":"IP-097448","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468325,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.09.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F75719Z7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Organic and total carbon analyses of rock core collected from boreholes 83BR, 84BR, 85BR, 86BR, 87BR, 88BR, and 89BR in the mudstone underlying the former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey"},{"id":358343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.81951236724854,\n 40.26534772331598\n ],\n [\n -74.80661630630493,\n 40.26534772331598\n ],\n [\n -74.80661630630493,\n 40.27682455737567\n ],\n [\n -74.81951236724854,\n 40.27682455737567\n ],\n [\n -74.81951236724854,\n 40.26534772331598\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"217","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a920e4b034bf6a7e500e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brenneis, Rebecca J.","contributorId":209022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenneis","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37550,"text":"Yale University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198896,"text":"ofr20181125 - 2018 - Hydrologic characteristics and water quality of headwater streams and wetlands at the Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site, Summit area, Blair and Cambria Counties, Pennsylvania, 2014–16","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-17T13:17:44","indexId":"ofr20181125","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-02T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1125","displayTitle":"Hydrologic Characteristics and Water Quality of Headwater Streams and Wetlands at the Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site, Summit Area, Blair and Cambria Counties, Pennsylvania,The Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site (ALPO) in Blair and Cambria Counties, Pennsylvania, protects historic features of the first railroad portage over the Allegheny Front and the first railroad tunnel in the United States. This report, which was completed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the National Park Service, summarizes water resources in the headwaters of the Blair Gap Run and Bradley Run watersheds at the ALPO Summit area during 2014–16. These new baseline data fill an existing gap in knowledge and may be helpful to evaluate potential changes in the hydrologic characteristics of streams and associated wetlands at the Summit area.
Results of synoptic water-quality surveys and continuous stage records at two streamgages near the headwaters of Blair Gap Run and Bradley Run indicate that the headwater streams of the ALPO Summit area are perennial but have different water-quality characteristics. The water sampled in the headwaters of Blair Gap Run had pH that ranged from acidic to near neutral, combined with elevated concentrations of dissolved solids, mainly sulfate, chloride, and sodium. These characteristics can be attributed to drainage from legacy coal mines and runoff from nearby roads treated with deicing salt. More than once during the study, the chloride and associated contaminant concentrations in tributaries of Blair Gap Run exceeded chronic thresholds for protection of freshwater aquatic organisms. In contrast, the water quality at tributaries of Bradley Run in the Summit area was characterized by near-neutral pH and relatively low concentrations of dissolved constituents, which met criteria for protection of freshwater aquatic life. By comparison, the deep groundwater discharged as abandoned mine drainage to Sugar Run from the Argyle Stone Bridge Mine, which underlies the Summit area, had acidic pH and elevated concentrations of sulfate and metals, which exceeded chronic and acute thresholds for aquatic life.
Data on shallow groundwater levels in piezometers at two wetlands in the Summit area, which were monitored during spring through fall of 2016, indicate downward hydraulic gradients (higher water level in shallow piezometer than in deeper piezometer) and potential for local groundwater recharge during rainfall events, particularly in the summer and fall seasons. The wetlands in the upland area (wetland 3, at altitude 2,370 feet NAVD 88) near the divide between Blair Gap Run and Bradley Run between the Lemon House and Picnic Area, exhibited a consistent downward gradient from spring through fall of 2016. The associated surface seepage at wetland 3 dried up in the summer of 2016. In contrast, the wetlands in the adjoining valley (wetland 6, at altitude 2,198 feet NAVD 88) in the northwestern Summit area exhibited upward hydraulic gradients in the spring and produced continuous seepage. Despite downward gradients during summer and fall, the seepage associated with wetland 6 sustained perennial conditions in the Bradley Run drainage through the summer of 2016.
Differences in groundwater altitudes and associated water quality among the surface water, shallow groundwater, and deep groundwater in the Summit area imply that the surface water and shallow groundwater in the Summit area could recharge the groundwater of the underlying coal mines. Seasonally upward and downward vertical gradients in the near-surface soil and bedrock at wetland 6, and unimpaired water quality in the Bradley Run headwaters, are consistent with a perched water table and local hydrology that is influenced by local recharge. Persistent downward gradients and impaired water quality at wetland 3 and the adjacent headwaters seeps and tributaries of Blair Gap Run could be attributed to subsidence and drainage from shallow coalbeds (Upper Freeport, seam E) and associated mine workings in that area; however, the underlying deep coal mine pool (Lower Kittanning, seam B), which is hundreds of feet below the surface, does not appear to affect the hydrologic characteristics of the headwater streams and wetlands in the Summit area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181125","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C.A., III, Galeone, D.G., and Penrod, K.A., 2018, Hydrologic characteristics and water quality of headwater streams and wetlands at the Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site, Summit area, Blair and Cambria Counties, Pennsylvania, 2014–16 (ver. 1.1, December 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1125, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181125.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 21 p.; Table; Appendix; Data release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-098767","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1125/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":357981,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1125/ofr20181125.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1125"},{"id":357982,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1125/ofr20181125_appendixes.xlsx","size":"1.65 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":357984,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YWMMHG","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydrologic data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service at the Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site, Summit Area, Blair and Cambria Counties, Pennsylvania, April 2014-December 2016"},{"id":357983,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1125/ofr20181125_tables.xlsx","size":"1.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":360331,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1125/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.27 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Blair County, Cambria County","otherGeospatial":"Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.56268,\n 40.45209\n ],\n [\n -78.5237,\n 40.45209\n ],\n [\n -78.5237,\n 40.47688\n ],\n [\n -78.56268,\n 40.47688\n ],\n [\n -78.56268,\n 40.45209\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1: December 2018; Version 1.0: October 2018","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
This article highlights current research into land and water resources, agroecosystems, and agricultural production systems published by the Natural Resources and Environmental Systems (NRES) community of ASABE journals (Transactions of the ASABE and Applied Engineering in Agriculture) in 2017. This article reviews the context, scope, and key results of the published articles and perhaps more importantly recommends areas for increased research attention. Experimental and modeling advances were described in hydrology, agroecosystems, climate-change effects, soil erosion, irrigation, drainage, forest resources, livestock systems, natural treatment systems, international water issues, and water quality topic areas. Three special collections were published (International Watershed Technology, Crop Modeling to Optimize Water Use, and Advances in Drainage). Other focal areas included 14 articles relating to livestock waste management, 13 concerning irrigated agricultural systems, 8 addressing climate change effects on land and water resources, and 16 on various aspects of soil erosion measurement and modeling. Building on the articles reviewed from 2017 and toward a vision of future agroecosystems research, the NRES community of ASABE journals strives to grow its role in making new knowledge accessible to sustain agricultural and natural systems in a changing world. In this vane, recommendations for future research direction are discussed with an emphasis on increased application of remote sensing data to agroecosystems research, improved assessment of agroecosystem resiliency and vulnerability to land and climate change, development of integrated models of agroecosystem services, meeting stubborn water management challenges in agricultural production systems, and focusing on publishing fully reproducible model results.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)","doi":"10.13031/trans.12821","usgsCitation":"Douglas-Mankin, K.R., 2018, Current research in land, water, and agroecosystems: ASABE journals 2017 year in review: Transactions of the ASABE, v. 61, no. 5, p. 1639-1651, https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.12821.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1639","endPage":"1651","ipdsId":"IP-095123","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.12821","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f80e4b0fc368eb53867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas-Mankin, Kyle R. 0000-0002-3155-3666","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3155-3666","contributorId":203927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas-Mankin","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200506,"text":"70200506 - 2018 - Threats to cranes related to agriculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T13:47:35","indexId":"70200506","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T13:47:25","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Threats to cranes related to agriculture","docAbstract":"The greatest threats to cranes worldwide are related to agricultural activities. They include direct losses of wetlands or grasslands; altered wetland hydrology due to water control systems such as dams or irrigation ditches; fire; direct and indirect impacts from agricultural chemicals; human disturbances; disease risks where cranes congregate in high densities on crops or in association with domestic birds; and collisions with power lines in cropland areas. Loss and degradation of wetland and grassland habitats by conversion to agriculture pose the greatest threats to all crane species. However, some agricultural uses of these ecosystems, such as paddy wetlands and grazing, can be beneficial to cranes and allow sustainable use by both cranes and farmers. Effects of agricultural burning on crane habitats can vary widely depending on fire severity, timing relative to plant growth and its response to burning, environmental conditions during and after fire, impact on predators and alternative prey, and relation of these factors to life-history stage for cranes. Cranes are increasingly exposed to agricultural chemicals that may affect them directly, through consumption of contaminated foods, or indirectly, through loss of important foods, or altered habitats. Cranes in agricultural areas can be intentionally or unintentionally disturbed by normal farming activities; where they directly threaten crops, farmers may destroy nests or kill birds. Birds may become habituated to some disturbances, but repeated, intensive, or targeted disturbances can result in reproductive failure, abandonment of breeding territories, or avoidance of roost or foraging areas. Dense congregations of cranes on crops increase risks of rapid spread of infectious diseases. Widespread concerns about avian collisions with power lines, a leading source of mortality or injury for some crane populations, have led to various approaches to reduce or prevent avian mortalities in problem areas. Alternative actions or programs that could help prevent or mitigate these threats are outlined.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cranes and agriculture: A global guide for sharing the landscape","language":"English","publisher":"International Crane Foundation","usgsCitation":"Austin, J.E., 2018, Threats to cranes related to agriculture, chap. of Cranes and agriculture: A global guide for sharing the landscape, p. 83-116.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"116","ipdsId":"IP-045407","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358680,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":358619,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.savingcranes.org/education/library/books/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a930e4b034bf6a7e507b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, Jane E. 0000-0001-8775-2210 jaustin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-2210","contributorId":146411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200509,"text":"70200509 - 2018 - Interactions and impacts of domesticated animals on cranes in agriculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T10:35:29","indexId":"70200509","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T13:39:41","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Interactions and impacts of domesticated animals on cranes in agriculture","docAbstract":"Affiliations of most cranes to humans and agriculture means they often interact with a variety of domestic animals. Those interactions can be beneficial or neutral when domestic animal densities and their impact on wetland or grassland systems are low to moderate, as found in more traditional agricultural practices. The most common interaction is with grazers, primarily domestic ungulates such as cattle, horses, and sheep. Cranes can benefit from the rapid recycling of grassland nutrients, maintenance of open areas, and invertebrate foods that grazers facilitate. Examples of the close interactions among cranes and grazers are found in South Africa, Central Eurasia, China, India, and North America. Overgrazing and direct disturbances from domestic livestock are usually detrimental to cranes and interact with other factors such as altered wetland hydrology, fire, and changing climate. Cranes are most likely to interact with domestic birds in wetlands (ducks and geese) or farm areas (poultry) where they are attracted to areas where the domestic birds are being fed and maintained in large open areas. Risks of disease transmission between domestic birds and cranes are the greatest concern. Dogs associated with humans and agricultural activities are generally a threat where cranes are raising their chicks nearby.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cranes and agriculture: A global guide for sharing the landscape","language":"English","publisher":"International Crane Foundation","usgsCitation":"Austin, J.E., Momose, K., and Archibald, G.W., 2018, Interactions and impacts of domesticated animals on cranes in agriculture, chap. of Cranes and agriculture: A global guide for sharing the landscape, p. 72-82.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"82","ipdsId":"IP-059709","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358676,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":358627,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.savingcranes.org/education/library/books/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a931e4b034bf6a7e5085","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, Jane E. 0000-0001-8775-2210 jaustin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-2210","contributorId":146411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Momose, Kunikazu","contributorId":209955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Momose","given":"Kunikazu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38035,"text":"Tancho Protection Group, NPO, Kushiro, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Archibald, George W.","contributorId":73705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Archibald","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198509,"text":"sir20185106 - 2018 - Simulation of groundwater flow, 1895–2010, and effects of additional groundwater withdrawals on future stream base flow in the Elkhorn and Loup River Basins, central Nebraska—Phase three","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-02T10:59:41","indexId":"sir20185106","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-01T11:33:36","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5106","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow, 1895–2010, and effects of additional groundwater withdrawals on future stream base flow in the Elkhorn and Loup River Basins, central Nebraska—Phase three","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Lewis and Clark, Lower Elkhorn, Lower Loup, Lower Platte North, Lower Niobrara, Middle Niobrara, Upper Elkhorn, and the Upper Loup Natural Resources Districts, designed a study to refine the spatial and temporal discretization of a previously modeled area. This updated study focused on a 30,000-square-mile area of the High Plains aquifer and constructed regional groundwater-flow models to evaluate the effects of groundwater withdrawal on stream base flow in the Elkhorn and Loup River Basins, Nebraska. The model was calibrated to match groundwater-level and base-flow data from the stream-aquifer system from pre-1940 through 2010 (including predevelopment [pre-1895], early development [1895–1940], and historical development [1940 through 2010] conditions) using an automated parameter-estimation method. The calibrated model then was used to simulate hypothetical development conditions (2011 through 2060). Predicted changes to stream base flow based on simulated changes to groundwater withdrawal will aid in developing strategies for management of hydrologically connected water supplies.
Additional wells were simulated throughout the model domain and pumped for 50 years to assess the effect of wells on aquifer depletions, including stream base flow. The percentage of withdrawal for each well after 50 years, which was compensated by aquifer reductions to stream base flow, storage, or evapotranspiration, was computed and mapped. These depletions are influenced by aquifer properties, time, and distance from the well. Stream base-flow depletion results showed that the closer the added well was to a stream, the greatest the effect on the stream base flow. Areas of stream base-flow depletion percentages greater than 80 percent were generally within 1 mile (mi) from the stream. The distance increased to 6 mi near the confluence of the Dismal and Middle Loup Rivers, and the North Loup and Calamus Rivers. The percentage of stream base-flow depletion decreased as the distance from the stream increased. Areas more than 10 mi from the stream generally had a stream base-flow depletion of 10 percent or less. Evapotranspiration depletion was largest in areas closest to streams, specifically in the Elkhorn River watershed. It was also larger in areas of interdunal wetlands within the Sand Hills. Evapotranspiration depletion was negligible in areas greater than 5 mi from a stream, with the exception of interdunal areas in Cherry, Grant, and Arthur Counties. The storage depletion percentage increased as the distance from a stream increased. Storage depletion was largest in areas between streams. Areas experiencing the smallest amount of storage depletion were adjacent to streams. Calibrated model outputs and streamflow depletion analysis are publicly available online.
Accuracy of the simulations is affected by input data limitations, system simplifications, assumptions, and resources available at the time of the simulation construction and calibration. Most of the important limitations relate either to data used as simulation inputs or to data used to estimate simulation inputs. Development of the regional simulations focused on generalized hydrogeologic characteristics within the study area and did not attempt to describe variations important to local-scale conditions. These simulations are most appropriate for analyzing groundwater-management scenarios for large areas and during long periods and are not suitable for analysis of small areas or short periods.
Director, Nebraska Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5231 South 19th Street
Lincoln, NE 68512
In terrain analysis and hydrological modeling, surface depressions (or sinks) in a digital elevation model (DEM) are commonly treated as artifacts and thus filled and removed to create a depressionless DEM. Various algorithms have been developed to identify and fill depressions in DEMs during the past decades. However, few studies have attempted to delineate and quantify the nested hierarchy of actual depressions, which can provide crucial information for characterizing surface hydrologic connectivity and simulating the fill‐merge‐spill hydrological process. In this paper, we present an innovative and efficient algorithm for delineating and quantifying nested depressions in DEMs using the level‐set method based on graph theory. The proposed level‐set method emulates water level decreasing from the spill point along the depression boundary to the lowest point at the bottom of a depression. By tracing the dynamic topological changes (i.e., depression splitting/merging) within a compound depression, the level‐set method can construct topological graphs and derive geometric properties of the nested depressions. The experimental results of two fine‐resolution Light Detection and Ranging‐derived DEMs show that the raster‐based level‐set algorithm is much more efficient (~150 times faster) than the vector‐based contour tree method. The proposed level‐set algorithm has great potential for being applied to large‐scale ecohydrological analysis and watershed modeling.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12689","usgsCitation":"Wu, Q., Lane, C., Wang, L., Vanderhoof, M.K., Christensen, J.R., and Liu, H., 2018, Efficient delineation of nested depression hierarchy in digital elevation models for hydrological analysis using level-set method: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 55, no. 2, p. 354-368, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12689.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"368","ipdsId":"IP-094162","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7995241","text":"External Repository"},{"id":357902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f86e4b0fc368eb5387f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Qiusheng","contributorId":208272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Qiusheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37769,"text":"Binghamton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane, Charles R.","contributorId":138991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane","given":"Charles R.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Lei","contributorId":193279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Lei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vanderhoof, Melanie K. 0000-0002-0101-5533 mvanderhoof@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0101-5533","contributorId":168395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderhoof","given":"Melanie","email":"mvanderhoof@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christensen, Jay R.","contributorId":179361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Hongxing","contributorId":38075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Hongxing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70238006,"text":"70238006 - 2018 - Ecohydrologic changes caused by hydrologic disconnection of ephemeral stream channels in Mojave National Preserve, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-03T20:05:01.257221","indexId":"70238006","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-27T14:47:43","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecohydrologic changes caused by hydrologic disconnection of ephemeral stream channels in Mojave National Preserve, California","docAbstract":"Emplacement of highways and railroads has altered natural hydrologic systems by influencing surface-water flow paths and biotic communities in Mojave National Preserve. Infiltration experiments were conducted along active and abandoned channels to evaluate changes in hydrology and related effects on plant water availability and use. Simulated rainfall infiltration experiments with vegetation monitoring were conducted along an active channel upslope and a comparable abandoned channel down slope of the transportation corridor. We also conducted 90 single-ring, ponded infiltration experiments in adjacent channels to evaluate field-saturated hydraulic conductivity and particle size distributions. The abandoned channels are still morphologically evident, but are disconnected from runoff sources at higher elevations. Infiltration test results show that water infiltrates twice as fast in the active channels. Excavation showed weak soil development with fewer plant roots beneath the abandoned channel. SEM analysis on surface samples showed the presence of cyanobacteria only in abandoned channels. Plants up to three meters away from both channels showed physiological responses to channel water applied in a simulated pulse of rain. The response was short-lived and less pronounced for plants adjacent to the abandoned channel, whereas those adjacent to the active channel showed responses up to two months after the pulse. These responses may explain observed lower plant densities and fewer deep-rooted species along abandoned channels compared to active channels. We infer that the deeper-rooting plants are more abundant where they are able to take advantage of the increased soil-water storage resulting from greater infiltration and flow frequency in active stream channels.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/vzj2018.01.0022","usgsCitation":"Perkins, K., Miller, D., Sandquist, D.R., Macias, M., and Roach, A., 2018, Ecohydrologic changes caused by hydrologic disconnection of ephemeral stream channels in Mojave National Preserve, California: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 17, no. 1, 180022, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.01.0022.","productDescription":"180022, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-093606","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.01.0022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":409128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.2301025390625,\n 35.47409160773029\n ],\n [\n -115.36193847656249,\n 35.54116627999815\n ],\n [\n -115.59814453125001,\n 35.55457449014312\n ],\n [\n -115.806884765625,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n -116.43859863281249,\n 35.38457160381764\n ],\n [\n -116.55944824218749,\n 35.074964853989556\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 34.79576153473033\n ],\n [\n -116.16943359374999,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -115.7080078125,\n 34.36611072883117\n ],\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 34.261756524459805\n ],\n [\n -114.72473144531251,\n 34.30260622622907\n ],\n [\n -114.58740234375,\n 34.58347505599177\n ],\n [\n -114.6368408203125,\n 34.84536693184101\n ],\n [\n -114.6533203125,\n 35.016500995886005\n ],\n [\n -115.2301025390625,\n 35.47409160773029\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, Kimberlie 0000-0001-8349-447X kperkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":138544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kimberlie","email":"kperkins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":856530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":856570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandquist, Darren R.","contributorId":298844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandquist","given":"Darren","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":856571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Macias, Miguel","contributorId":298845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macias","given":"Miguel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":856572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roach, Aimee","contributorId":298846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roach","given":"Aimee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":856573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198994,"text":"sir20185112 - 2018 - Flood-inundation maps for the lower Pawcatuck River in Westerly, Rhode Island, and Stonington and North Stonington, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T10:58:43","indexId":"sir20185112","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-24T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5112","displayTitle":"Flood-inundation maps for the lower Pawcatuck River in Westerly, Rhode Island, and Stonington and North Stonington, Connecticut","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the lower Pawcatuck River in Westerly, Rhode Island, and Stonington and North Stonington, Connecticut","docAbstract":"A series of 11 digital flood-inundation maps was developed for a 5.5-mile reach of the lower Pawcatuck River in Westerly, Rhode Island, and Stonington and North Stonington, Connecticut, by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Town of Westerly, Rhode Island, and the Rhode Island Office of Housing and Community Development. The coverage of the maps extends from downstream from the Ashaway River inflow at the State Border between Hopkinton and Westerly, Rhode Island, and North Stonington, Connecticut, to about 500 feet (ft) downstream from the U.S. Route 1/Broad Street bridge on the State border between Westerly, Rhode Island, and Stonington, Connecticut. A one-dimensional step-backwater hydraulic model created and calibrated for an ongoing (2018) Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood-Insurance Study for New London County, Connecticut and Washington County, Rhode Island was updated for this study. The hydraulic model reflects the removal of the White Rock dam during 2015–16, and was calibrated using the stage-discharge relation at the USGS Pawcatuck River at Westerly, Rhode Island, streamgage (01118500) and documented high-water marks from the March 30, 2010, flood, which had a peak flow slightly greater than the estimated 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability floodflow.
The hydraulic model was used to compute water-surface profiles for 11 flood stages at 1-ft intervals referenced to the USGS Pawcatuck River at Westerly, Rhode Island, streamgage (01118500) and ranging from 6.0 ft (3.32 ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988), which is the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service flood category “action stage,” to 16.0 ft (13.32 ft, North American Vertical Datum of 1988), which is the maximum stage of the stage-discharge relation at the streamgage and exceeds the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service flood category “major flood stage” of 11.0 ft. The simulated water-surface profiles were combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data with a 1.0-ft vertical accuracy to create flood-inundation maps. The flood-inundation maps depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to 11 selected flood stages at the streamgage. The flood-inundation maps depict only riverine flooding and do not depict any tidal backwater or coastal storm surge that could occur in the lower part of the river reach. The flood-inundation maps can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science website at https://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation. Near-real-time stages and discharges at the Pawcatuck River streamgage can be obtained from the USGS National Water Information System at https://waterdata.usgs.gov/. The National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service provides flood forecast of stage for this site (WSTR1) at https://water.weather.gov/ahps/.
The availability of flood-inundation maps referenced to current and forecasted water levels at the USGS Pawcatuck River at Westerly, Rhode Island streamgage (01118500) can provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, and postflood recovery efforts. The flood-inundation maps are nonregulatory but provide Federal, State, and local agencies and the public with estimates of the potential extent of flooding during flood events.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185112","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Westerly, Rhode Island, and the Rhode Island Office of Housing and Community Development","usgsCitation":"Bent, G.C., and Lombard, P.J., 2018, Flood-inundation maps for the lower Pawcatuck River in Westerly, Rhode Island, and Stonington and North Stonington, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5112, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185112.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 16 p.; Application Site; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-091691","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357651,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7610Z80 ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Flood-Inundation Grids and Shapefiles for the Lower Pawcatuck River in Westerly, Rhode Island, and Stonington and North Stonington, Connecticut"},{"id":437742,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G0N0TN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"River Channel Survey Data, Redwood Creek, California, 1953-2013"},{"id":437741,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7610Z80","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Flood-Inundation Grids and Shapefiles for the Lower Pawcatuck River in Westerly, Rhode Island, and Stonington and North Stonington, Connecticut"},{"id":357652,"rank":4,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://wimcloud.usgs.gov/apps/FIM/FloodInundationMapper.html ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"- Flood Inundation Mapper"},{"id":357649,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5112/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":357650,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5112/sir20185112.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5112"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Rhode Island","city":"North Stonington, Stonington, Westerly","otherGeospatial":"Lower Pawcatuck River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.85,\n 41.3667\n ],\n [\n -71.7833,\n 41.3667\n ],\n [\n -71.7833,\n 41.425\n ],\n [\n -71.85,\n 41.425\n ],\n [\n -71.85,\n 41.3667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
In river valleys, sediment moves between active river channels, near-channel deposits including bars and floodplains, and upland environments such as terraces and aeolian dunefields. Sediment availability is a prerequisite for the sustained transfer of material between these areas, and for the eco-geomorphic functioning of river networks in general. However, the difficulty of monitoring sediment availability and movement at the reach or corridor scale has hindered our ability to quantify and forecast the response of sediment transfer to hydrologic or land cover alterations. Here we leverage spatiotemporally extensive datasets quantifying sediment areal coverage along a 28 km reach of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, southwestern USA. In concert with information on hydrologic alteration and vegetation encroachment resulting from the operation of Glen Canyon Dam (constructed in 1963) upstream of our study reach, we model the relative and combined influence of changes in (a) flow and (b) riparian vegetation extent on the areal extent of sediment available for transport in the river valley over the period from 1921 to 2016. In addition, we use projections of future streamflow and vegetation encroachment to forecast sediment availability over the 20 year period from 2016 to 2036. We find that hydrologic alteration has reduced the areal extent of bare sediment by 9% from the pre- to post-dam periods, whereas vegetation encroachment further reduced bare sediment extent by 45%. Over the next 20 years, the extent of bare sediment is forecast to be reduced by an additional 12%. Our results demonstrate the impact of river regulation, specifically the loss of annual low flows and associated vegetation encroachment, on reducing the sediment available for transfer within river valleys. This work provides an extendable framework for using high-resolution data on streamflow and land cover to assess and forecast the impact of watershed perturbation (e.g. river regulation, land cover shifts, climate change) on sediment connectivity at the corridor scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Publishing","doi":"10.1177/0309133318795846","usgsCitation":"Kasprak, A., Sankey, J.B., Buscombe, D.D., Caster, J., East, A.E., and Grams, P.E., 2018, Quantifying and forecasting changes in the areal extent of river valley sediment in response to altered hydrology and land cover: Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, v. 42, no. 6, p. 739-764, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133318795846.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"739","endPage":"764","ipdsId":"IP-088947","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133318795846","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SX3MGY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"River Valley Sediment Connectivity Data, Colorado River, Grand Canyon"},{"id":357659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon National Park, Lower Marble Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.93145751953125,\n 36.16781389727332\n ],\n [\n -111.77352905273438,\n 36.16781389727332\n ],\n [\n -111.77352905273438,\n 36.4223874864237\n ],\n [\n -111.93145751953125,\n 36.4223874864237\n ],\n [\n -111.93145751953125,\n 36.16781389727332\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f99e4b0fc368eb538d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasprak, Alan 0000-0001-8184-6128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8184-6128","contributorId":204162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasprak","given":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buscombe, Daniel D. 0000-0001-6217-5584","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5584","contributorId":198817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscombe","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caster, Joshua 0000-0002-2858-1228 jcaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2858-1228","contributorId":199033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caster","given":"Joshua","email":"jcaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"East, Amy E. 0000-0002-9567-9460 aeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-9460","contributorId":196364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70199616,"text":"70199616 - 2018 - Assessing the impact of site-specific BMPs using a spatially explicit, field-scale SWAT model with edge-of-field and tile hydrology and water-quality data in the Eagle Creek watershed, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-24T11:21:25","indexId":"70199616","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-21T11:21:16","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the impact of site-specific BMPs using a spatially explicit, field-scale SWAT model with edge-of-field and tile hydrology and water-quality data in the Eagle Creek watershed, Ohio","docAbstract":"The Eagle Creek watershed, a small subbasin (125 km2) within the Maumee River Basin, Ohio, was selected as a part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) “Priority Watersheds” program to evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs) funded through GLRI at the field and watershed scales. The location and quantity of BMPs were obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service National Conservation Planning (NCP) database. A Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was built and calibrated for this predominantly agricultural Eagle Creek watershed, incorporating NCP BMPs and monitoring data at the watershed outlet, an edge-of-field (EOF), and tile monitoring sites. Input air temperature modifications were required to induce simulated tile flow to match monitoring data. Calibration heavily incorporated tile monitoring data to correctly proportion surface and subsurface flow, but calibration statistics were unsatisfactory at the EOF and tile monitoring sites. At the watershed outlet, satisfactory to very good calibration statistics were achieved over a 2-year calibration period, and satisfactory statistics were found in the 2-year validation period. SWAT fixes parameters controlling nutrients primarily at the watershed level; a refinement of these parameters at a smaller-scale could improve field-level calibration. Field-scale modeling results indicate that filter strips (FS) are the most effective single BMPs at reducing dissolved reactive phosphorus, and FS typically decreased sediment and nutrient yields when added to any other BMP or BMP combination. Cover crops were the most effective single, in-field practice by reducing nutrient loads over winter months. Watershed-scale results indicate BMPs can reduce sediment and nutrients, but reductions due to NCP BMPs in the Eagle Creek watershed for all water-quality constituents were less than 10%. Hypothetical scenarios simulated with increased BMP acreages indicate larger investments of the appropriate BMP or BMP combination can decrease watershed level loads.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w10101299","usgsCitation":"Merriman, K.R., Daggupati, P., Srinivasan, R., Toussant, C., Russell, A.M., and Hayhurst, B.A., 2018, Assessing the impact of site-specific BMPs using a spatially explicit, field-scale SWAT model with edge-of-field and tile hydrology and water-quality data in the Eagle Creek watershed, Ohio: Water, v. 10, no. 10, p. 1-37, https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101299.","productDescription":"Article 1299; 37 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"37","ipdsId":"IP-092960","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101299","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Eagle Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.8333,\n 40.67\n ],\n [\n -83.5,\n 40.67\n ],\n [\n -83.5,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -83.8333,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -83.8333,\n 40.67\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc02f99e4b0fc368eb538d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merriman, Katherine R. 0000-0002-1303-2410 kmerriman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1303-2410","contributorId":4973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriman","given":"Katherine","email":"kmerriman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":745973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Daggupati, Prasad","contributorId":203354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daggupati","given":"Prasad","affiliations":[{"id":36214,"text":"Univeristy of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Srinivasan, Raghavan","contributorId":203355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Srinivasan","given":"Raghavan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Toussant, Chad","contributorId":208117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toussant","given":"Chad","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Russell, Amy M. 0000-0003-0582-0094 arussell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-0094","contributorId":200011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Amy","email":"arussell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayhurst, Brett A. 0000-0002-1717-2015 bhayhurs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-2015","contributorId":3398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayhurst","given":"Brett","email":"bhayhurs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70223491,"text":"70223491 - 2018 - Responses of unimpaired flows, storage, and managed flows to scenarios of climate change in the San Francisco Bay-Delta watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-30T13:08:42.994302","indexId":"70223491","displayToPublicDate":"2018-09-21T08:06:37","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of unimpaired flows, storage, and managed flows to scenarios of climate change in the San Francisco Bay-Delta watershed","docAbstract":"Projections of meteorology downscaled from global climate model runs were used to drive a model of unimpaired hydrology of the Sacramento/San Joaquin watershed, which in turn drove models of operational responses and managed flows. Twenty daily climate change scenarios for water years 1980–2099 were evaluated with the goal of producing inflow boundary conditions for a watershed sediment model and for a hydrodynamical model of the San Francisco Bay-Delta estuary. The resulting time series of meteorology, snowpack, unimpaired flow, reservoir storage, and managed flow were analyzed for century-scale trends. In the Sacramento basin, which dominates Bay-Delta inflows, all 20 scenarios portrayed warming trends (with a mean of 4.1 °C) and most had precipitation increases (with a mean increase of 9%). Sacramento basin snowpack water equivalent declined sharply (by 89%), which was associated with a major shift toward earlier unimpaired runoff timing (33% more flow arriving prior to 1 April). Sacramento basin reservoirs showed large declines in end-of-September storage. Water-year averaged outflows increased for most scenarios for both unimpaired and impaired flows, and frequency of extremely high daily unimpaired and impaired flows increased (increases of 175% and 170%, respectively). Managed Delta inflows were projected to experience large increases in the wet season and declines in the dry season. Changes in management strategy and infrastructure can mitigate some of these changes, though to what degree is uncertain.