{"pageNumber":"77","pageRowStart":"1900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":2263,"records":[{"id":58899,"text":"mf316 - 1971 - Distribution of copper, lead, zinc, mercury, and arsenic in the surface sediments off the coast of northwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T09:39:29","indexId":"mf316","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"316","title":"Distribution of copper, lead, zinc, mercury, and arsenic in the surface sediments off the coast of northwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Increasing interest in potentially harmful substances utilized and discarded by man has raised question about the normal distribution of chemical elements in the natural environment. &nbsp;This interest prompted a baseline study of a pristine region off the northern coast of Alaska. &nbsp;Information was gathered on currents, water clarity, nutrients, temperature and salinity, zooplakton, benthic communities, neritic fauna, bird and mammal population and pesticide residues, sediment composition and chemistry of the sediments and their interstitial waters. &nbsp;This information will provide a base for ascertaining and evaluating future changes and for assessment of the potential hazard in this region and ecosystems elsewhere.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf316","usgsCitation":"Barnes, P., and Leong, K.W., 1971, Distribution of copper, lead, zinc, mercury, and arsenic in the surface sediments off the coast of northwestern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 316, 26.13 x 22.36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf316.","productDescription":"26.13 x 22.36 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf316.PNG"},{"id":327145,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0316/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168,69 ], [ -168,70 ], [ -162,70 ], [ -162,69 ], [ -168,69 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, Peter","contributorId":66684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leong, Kam Wo","contributorId":99987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leong","given":"Kam","email":"","middleInitial":"Wo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":13221,"text":"ofr7182 - 1971 - Cretaceous plutonic rocks of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska; a preliminary report","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13221,"text":"ofr7182 - 1971 - Cretaceous plutonic rocks of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska; a preliminary report","indexId":"ofr7182","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Cretaceous plutonic rocks of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska; a preliminary report"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39571,"text":"pp750D - 1971 - Geological Survey research 1971, Chapter D","indexId":"pp750D","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geological Survey research 1971, Chapter D"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":39571,"text":"pp750D - 1971 - Geological Survey research 1971, Chapter D","indexId":"pp750D","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Geological Survey research 1971, Chapter D"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-11T21:55:27.97203","indexId":"ofr7182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-82","title":"Cretaceous plutonic rocks of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska; a preliminary report","docAbstract":"<p>Reconnaissance mapping on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska has revealed seven epizonal granitic plutons of mid-Cretaceous age with a combined outcrop area of about 350 square miles. The plutonic rocks are dominantly quartz monzonite, but include minor amounts of granodiorite, monzonite, syenite, syenodiorite, and alaskite.</p><p>The plutons are structurally and petrologically similar to and about the same age as plutons on the Chukotsky Peninsula, U.S.S.R. and in western Alaska. They suggest tectonic continuity between Siberia and Alaska since at least Cretaceous time.</p><p>Several mineralized areas containing molybdenum, copper, lead, and zinc sulfides are associated with the plutonic bodies in the western part of the island.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7182","usgsCitation":"Csejtey, B., Patton, W.W., and Miller, T.P., 1971, Cretaceous plutonic rocks of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska; a preliminary report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-82, Report: 17 p.; 4 Plates: 27.32 x 12.98 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7182.","productDescription":"Report: 17 p.; 4 Plates: 27.32 x 12.98 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":423416,"rank":7,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0082/figure-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":423415,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0082/figure-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":423414,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0082/figure-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":423413,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0082/table-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":423412,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0082/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146114,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0082/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":395108,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8665.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"St. Lawrence Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -171.93603515625,\n              62.694309593663185\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.64013671875,\n              62.694309593663185\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.64013671875,\n              64.06259063688063\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.93603515625,\n              64.06259063688063\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.93603515625,\n              62.694309593663185\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6833e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Csejtey, Bela Jr.","contributorId":61008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Csejtey","given":"Bela","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patton, William Wallace Jr.","contributorId":72346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wallace","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Thomas P. tmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":4183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Thomas","email":"tmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":167426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":48001,"text":"ofr71163 - 1971 - Water and copper-mine tailings in karst terrane of Rio Tanama basin, Puerto Rico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56012,"text":"ofr70177 - 1970 - Water and copper-mine tailings in karst terrane of Rio Tanama basin, Puerto Rico","indexId":"ofr70177","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Water and copper-mine tailings in karst terrane of Rio Tanama basin, Puerto Rico"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":48001,"text":"ofr71163 - 1971 - Water and copper-mine tailings in karst terrane of Rio Tanama basin, Puerto Rico","indexId":"ofr71163","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Water and copper-mine tailings in karst terrane of Rio Tanama basin, Puerto Rico"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:08","indexId":"ofr71163","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-163","title":"Water and copper-mine tailings in karst terrane of Rio Tanama basin, Puerto Rico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr71163","usgsCitation":"Jordan, D., 1971, Water and copper-mine tailings in karst terrane of Rio Tanama basin, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-163, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71163.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa370","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, D.G.","contributorId":107332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207137,"text":"70207137 - 1971 - Evidence on the age mineralization in the of east of barite, zinc, and iron lower paleozoic rocks Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-09T09:34:21","indexId":"70207137","displayToPublicDate":"1971-08-01T09:29:09","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence on the age mineralization in the of east of barite, zinc, and iron lower paleozoic rocks Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p><span>Based on a study of minor occurrences of zinc, barite, and iron in East Tennessee, certain deposits are interpreted to have formed during early Middle Ordovician time. Principal lines of evidence supporting this age are: (1) the occurrence of barite, sphalerite, and pyrite associated with synsedimentary collapse breccias which span the pre-Middle Ordovician unconformity at the Lost Creek barite mine in Union County; (2) barite in basal Middle Ordovician beds (Athens Shale and Lenoir Limestone) in northeastern Tennessee and southwestern Virginia; (3) sphalerite and pyrite in dolomite filling paleocaves in the uppermost part of the Lower Ordovician Mascot Dolomite at the Trotter prospect near Douglas Dam in Sevier County; and (4) oolitic hematite and pyritiferous beds near the base of the Athens Shale and subjacent pyritiferous collapse breccias in the Mascot and Kingsport Formations at several localities along the eastern side of the Appalachian Valley. Thus, it is concluded that ascending solutions formed epigenetic deposits in pre-Middle Ordovician carbonate strata nearly contemporaneously with syngenetic deposits in early Middle Ordovician sediments. These findings are in general accord with those of recent workers in the Mascot-Jefferson City and Copper Ridge districts who have proposed that mineralization in these areas occurred during the time interval of pre-Middle Ordovician erosion. The long-held theory which associates mineralization with late Paleozoic diastrophism is not supported.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists ","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.5.792","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, R., Fagan, J., and Wedow, H., 1971, Evidence on the age mineralization in the of east of barite, zinc, and iron lower paleozoic rocks Tennessee: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 5, p. 792-798, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.5.792.","productDescription":"7 p. 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Jr.","contributorId":6369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wedow","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70227165,"text":"70227165 - 1971 - Ore fluids in the porphyry copper deposit at Copper Canyon, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-31T16:36:01.805167","indexId":"70227165","displayToPublicDate":"1971-05-01T10:16:13","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ore fluids in the porphyry copper deposit at Copper Canyon, Nevada","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>The large, low-grade copper and gold deposit at Copper Canyon, Lander County, Nevada, formed in the contact metasomatic environment adjacent to a shallow Tertiary intrusion. Vein and disseminated chalcopyrite-pyrite-pyrrhotite-arsenopyrite mineralization, with lesser amounts of gold, galena, sphalerite, marcasite, and siderite occur in the Upper Cambrian Harmony and Middle Pennsylvanian Battle Formations. Studies of fluid inclusions in stages of vein quartz and in healed fractures through quartz phenocrysts and pebbles reveal the presence of very saline, sometimes CO<span>&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>-rich fluids in the early and middle stages of mineralization. Ore fluid salinities during the base metal mineralization were approximately 40 wt percent, and temperatures were near 375 degrees C. Circulation of this hot brine was apparently restricted to an elongate highly fractured zone within 3,000 feet laterally of the intrusive. Later fluids in this central zone were somewhat cooler, near 300 degrees C, and had significantly lower salinities in the range 12 to 1.2 wt percent. Smaller lode deposits approximately 1 to 5 miles from the intrusion appear to have formed from low to moderate salinity fluids at temperatures generally in the range 250 to 335 degrees C. Geologic and fluid considerations suggest formation at approximately 6,000 feet in depth.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.3.385","usgsCitation":"Nash, J.T., and Theodore, T., 1971, Ore fluids in the porphyry copper deposit at Copper Canyon, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 3, p. 385-399, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.3.385.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"399","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Lander County","otherGeospatial":"Copper Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.60040283203125,\n              39.882342585755744\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.10052490234375,\n              39.882342585755744\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.10052490234375,\n              40.60978237983301\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.60040283203125,\n              40.60978237983301\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.60040283203125,\n              39.882342585755744\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nash, J. Thomas","contributorId":26306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Theodore, Ted G.","contributorId":57840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodore","given":"Ted G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227164,"text":"70227164 - 1971 - A Holocene ore body of copper oxides and carbonates at Ray, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-31T16:13:45.258682","indexId":"70227164","displayToPublicDate":"1971-05-01T10:00:16","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Holocene ore body of copper oxides and carbonates at Ray, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.3.495","usgsCitation":"Phillips, C.H., Cornwall, H.R., and Rubin, M., 1971, A Holocene ore body of copper oxides and carbonates at Ray, Arizona: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 3, p. 495-498, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.3.495.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"498","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Ray","otherGeospatial":"Mineral Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.9897232055664,\n              33.16097808844379\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.98023891448975,\n              33.16097808844379\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.98023891448975,\n              33.170102823806964\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9897232055664,\n              33.170102823806964\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9897232055664,\n              33.16097808844379\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, C. H.","contributorId":37414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cornwall, H. R.","contributorId":92333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwall","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, Meyer","contributorId":107283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Meyer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70227274,"text":"70227274 - 1971 - The age of porphyry-type copper mineralization in the Bingham mining district, Utah — A refined estimate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T19:19:25.218453","indexId":"70227274","displayToPublicDate":"1971-04-01T13:05:26","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The age of porphyry-type copper mineralization in the Bingham mining district, Utah — A refined estimate","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.2.331","usgsCitation":"Moore, W., and Lanphere, M.A., 1971, The age of porphyry-type copper mineralization in the Bingham mining district, Utah — A refined estimate: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 2, p. 331-334, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.2.331.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"334","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bingham Mining District","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.26516723632812,\n              40.68063802521456\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.26654052734375,\n              40.56806745430726\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.29537963867188,\n              40.531545551348394\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.34207153320312,\n              40.478292268560175\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.33657836914062,\n              40.38944285970334\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.27203369140625,\n              40.3130432088809\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.19924926757812,\n              40.24913603826261\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1099853515625,\n              40.26695230509778\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.10723876953124,\n              40.333983227838104\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.07565307617186,\n              40.36014911643671\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.98776245117188,\n              40.39205775317998\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.01385498046874,\n              40.51693121343741\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.06260681152344,\n              40.58736384168138\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.10311889648438,\n              40.684803661591275\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.26516723632812,\n              40.68063802521456\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, William J.","contributorId":30983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"William J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":830247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70227279,"text":"70227279 - 1971 - A paleohydrologic model for mineralization of the White Pine copper deposit, northern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T21:14:33.067515","indexId":"70227279","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T15:02:55","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A paleohydrologic model for mineralization of the White Pine copper deposit, northern Michigan","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Pertinent physical properties of the upper Keweenawan rocks can be measured or inferred within a sufficiently narrow range to make the quantitative evaluation of various paleohydrologic models for the origin of the White Pine copper deposit feasible. The approach is illustrated here by calculations for models that involve lateral migration of fluids through the subjacent Copper Harbor Conglomerate to the site of the deposit and stripping of copper from these solutions where they percolated upward through the Nonesuch Shale. The calculations reveal limitations to theories of origin that would not be evident from purely qualitative consideration; some of these limitations could be useful to exploration. For example, if the water was yielded by compaction of the Copper Harbor Conglomerate and contained 50 ppm Cu, there must have been significant convergence of solution paths toward White Pine. Surface water entering the Copper Harbor Conglomerate on the north limb of the Lake Superior syncline is an adequate source if it could be shown that the point of entry was once significantly higher in altitude than the water table at White Pine; this model implies a major copper deposit at great depth north of the axis of the syncline. Ground water entering the Nonesuch Shale up dip from White Pine is not a possible source of mineralizing solutions.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.1","usgsCitation":"White, W., 1971, A paleohydrologic model for mineralization of the White Pine copper deposit, northern Michigan: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393984,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Keweenaw Peninsula, Upper Peninsula, White Pine copper deposit","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.76336479187012,\n              46.721505389841695\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.68594551086426,\n              46.721505389841695\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.68594551086426,\n              46.76167869671392\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.76336479187012,\n              46.76167869671392\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.76336479187012,\n              46.721505389841695\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Walter S.","contributorId":34492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Walter S.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":830256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227278,"text":"70227278 - 1971 - Fluid inclusion studies on the porphyry-type ore deposits at Bingham, Utah, Butte, Montana, and Climax, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T20:58:06.28827","indexId":"70227278","displayToPublicDate":"1971-02-01T14:36:02","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusion studies on the porphyry-type ore deposits at Bingham, Utah, Butte, Montana, and Climax, Colorado","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Data are given on the composition, temperature, pressure, and density of the hydrothermal fluids present in the central Cu-Mo core of the deposit at Bingham, Utah, and in its related but not necessarily coeval peripheral Pb-Zn deposits. These data are based on a study of primary and secondary fluid inclusions in transparent ore and gangue minerals that included the use of freezing, heating, and crushing microscope stages.</p><p>The composition of the hydrothermal fluids at various stages in the mineralization and repeated later fracturing and rehealing ranged from nearly fresh water to water containing more than 60 weight percent salts in solution--virtually a hydrous saline melt--in some quartz-molybdenite-chalcopyrite veins from the core. Most of these salts have crystallized out as daughter minerals on cooling, forming major amounts of halite and sylvite and minor amounts of anhydrite (?), hematite (?) and several unidentified phases. These highly saline fluids occur only in the core. Some of them have apparently boiled, forming bubbles of a relatively low density CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>-rich \"steam\" containing only a few percent NaCl. These low-density fluids have also been trapped as inclusions. The fluids that formed the peripheral deposits had low salinities, and some of these also have apparently boiled. A few were very high in hydrogen sulfide.</p><p>Inclusions from a quartz pod and in the quartz-molybdenite-chalcopyrite veins from the core yield the highest temperatures, 640<span>°</span>-725<span>°</span> C; most inclusions from the core homogenize at temperatures above 400<span>°</span> C. Samples from the peripheral deposits were uniformly lower, in the range 294<span>°</span>-330<span>°</span> C.</p><p>The abundant evidence of intermittent boiling of these solutions is important because it places limits on the pressure at the time of trapping, it results in there being little or no need for a pressure correction to the homogenization temperatures, and it indicates that the pressure has varied with time. Although some of the homogenization temperatures are very high, the high salinity causes the vapor pressures at homogenization to be relatively low, from about 80 to a maximum of about 1,100 atmospheres.</p><p>The density of the hydrothermal fluids is of great concern in any consideration of flow patterns, and particularly in the inevitable mixing with possibly heated ground waters. Steam inclusions from the core had gross densities of 0.3 to 0.1 g<strong>·</strong>cm<sup>-3</sup>, but many of the highly saline inclusions in the core contain fluids whose density at trapping was as high as 1.3 g<strong>·</strong>cm<sup>-3</sup>. The fluids trapped in inclusions in the peripheral deposits had densities of 0.75-0.95 g<strong>·</strong>cm<sup>-3</sup>, well below that of the surrounding cold ground water. Hydraulic pressure gradients from these density differences, and the vapor pressures involved, must also have varied with time in any given location, particularly when boiling occurred, and thus the circulation patterns could have been very complex. The more highly saline fluids are believed to be of truly magmatic origin, and not merely heated ground water from the area at the time of the intrusion.</p><p>The great abundance throughout the core of planes of secondary inclusions in which individual planes are uniform but adjacent planes have widely varying composition, density, and homogenization temperature, is evidence of thorough and repeated fracturing of these rocks under hydrothermal conditions.</p><p>Inclusions were also examined in some samples from Butte, Montana, Climax, Colorado, and several Arizona porphyry copper deposits. The ranges of temperature, composition, and density found were similar but smaller than at Bingham. This might be simply a result of insufficient sampling.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.98","usgsCitation":"Roedder, E., 1971, Fluid inclusion studies on the porphyry-type ore deposits at Bingham, Utah, Butte, Montana, and Climax, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 66, no. 1, p. 98-120, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.98.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"120","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Montana, Utah","city":"Butte, Climax","otherGeospatial":"Bingham","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.29812622070312,\n              40.43440488077008\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.05368041992188,\n              40.43440488077008\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.05368041992188,\n              40.64938745451835\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.29812622070312,\n              40.64938745451835\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.29812622070312,\n              40.43440488077008\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.19839668273926,\n              39.359586180977615\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.15342140197754,\n              39.359586180977615\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.15342140197754,\n              39.38566183944818\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.19839668273926,\n              39.38566183944818\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.19839668273926,\n              39.359586180977615\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.67990112304688,\n              45.93969078234\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.42584228515625,\n              45.93969078234\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.42584228515625,\n              46.10751733820335\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.67990112304688,\n              46.10751733820335\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.67990112304688,\n              45.93969078234\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roedder, Edwin","contributorId":25571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roedder","given":"Edwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227312,"text":"70227312 - 1971 - Minor elements in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T20:43:43.490427","indexId":"70227312","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T14:38:29","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Minor elements in water","docAbstract":"<div class=\"widget widget-BookChapterMainView widget-instance-BookChapterMainView\"><div class=\"content-inner-wrap\"><div class=\"book-chapter-body\"><div id=\"ContentTab\" class=\"content active\"><div class=\"widget widget-BookSectionsText widget-instance-BookChaptertext\"><div class=\"module-widget\"><div class=\"widget-items\" data-widgetname=\"BookSectionsText\"><div class=\"category-section content-section js-content-section\" data-statsid=\"4710293\"><p>A complete characterization of natural waters includes a determination of the concentrations of 30 or more minor elements. Emission spectrochemical methods are uniquely suited to the determination of a comparatively large number of minor elements, mainly those classified as heavy metals. Spectro-chemical data published by Braidech and Emory in 1935 and more recent data by Durfor and Becker, and by Barnett, Skougstad, and Miller, provide some insight into the minor-element character of the raw- and finished-water supplies of most of the major U.S. cities. Such data permit assessment of those supplies that contain either comparatively high or low concentrations of minor elements. The concentrations of many minor elements are unchanged by the municipal treatment-plant operations between the raw- and finished-water supply. On the other hand, part of the copper in a raw-water supply may be removed during treatment, even though the over-all result is a net increase in copper in the finished water. The aluminum concentration of finished water is greater than in the raw-water supply when aluminum sulfate is used as a coagulant aid. Significant amounts of iron may be removed during treatment.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental geochemistry in health and disease","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM123-p43","usgsCitation":"Skougstad, M.W., 1971, Minor elements in water, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental geochemistry in health and disease, v. 123, p. 43-56, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM123-p43.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cannon, Helen L.","contributorId":96249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Helen L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830405,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopps, Howard C.","contributorId":189752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopps","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830406,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Skougstad, Marvin W.","contributorId":65064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skougstad","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227311,"text":"70227311 - 1971 - The geochemist’s involvement with the pollution problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T20:31:46.702923","indexId":"70227311","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T14:22:21","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The geochemist’s involvement with the pollution problem","docAbstract":"<div class=\"widget widget-SplitView widget-instance-SplitView_Book\"><div class=\"article\"><div class=\"widget widget-BookChapterMainView widget-instance-BookChapterMainView\"><div class=\"content-inner-wrap\"><div class=\"widget widget-ChapterTopInfo widget-instance-ChapterTopInfo\"><div class=\"chapterTopInfo content-metadata_wrap\"><div class=\"chapter-doi clearfix\"></div></div></div><div class=\"book-chapter-body\"><div id=\"ContentTab\" class=\"content active\"><div class=\"widget widget-BookSectionsText widget-instance-BookChaptertext\"><div class=\"module-widget\"><div class=\"widget-items\" data-widgetname=\"BookSectionsText\"><div class=\"category-section content-section js-content-section\" data-statsid=\"3788888\"><div><div class=\"fn\"><div class=\"footnote-content\">The geochemist can contribute much information of value toward assessing the effect of environment, including inorganic pollution, on health. The average composition of rocks, soils, plants, and water and also the increments of inorganic substances that can be expected in geologic environments of high-metal content are essential for comparison with metal contents of these components of the environment in areas contaminated by various types of inorganic air and water pollution.<br></div></div></div></div><div class=\"category-section content-section js-content-section\" data-statsid=\"4710429\"><p>Background levels of lead, zinc, nickel, chromium, copper, and manganese in soils and in four classes of vegetation have been estimated from collections that were made in remote areas presumed to be free from inorganic contamination. The trace-metal content of soils and plants varies widely in different geologic provinces of the United States; in those areas of high natural mineralization, additions of metals from man-made pollution may compound a possible hazard. Results of sampling in urban areas show that contamination of vegetation by gasoline lead can be expected for at least 1000 ft back from transportation lanes, and that the lead burden is increasing greatly with time. Ore-treatment plants can also be a source of air contamination for several miles downwind and several thousand feet in other directions. Soils of naturally high metal content in a mining district may be further contaminated with both major and minor elements from smelting operations. Recent studies show that volatile elements are released directly to the air from ore deposits in place. Concentrations of mercury, for instance, may be as much as 20 times background for several hundred feet in altitude over ore deposits in which mercury occurs as a relatively minor constituent.</p><p>The source of inorganic pollution in surface drainage and also in ground water is commonly geologic, as rivers may be contaminated from coal and metal deposits in place and also from mining and smelting operations.</p><p>More information of the type illustrated should be accumulated and made available to scientists who are working in environmental health, and, in particular, to those involved in the pollution problem. Only by these means can we provide a scientific basis for the enactment of realistic and effective legislation for pollution control.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental geochemistry in health and disease","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM123-p155","usgsCitation":"Cannon, H., and Anderson, B.M., 1971, The geochemist’s involvement with the pollution problem, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental geochemistry in health and disease, v. 123, p. 155-178, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM123-p155.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"178","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394057,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"123","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cannon, Helen L.","contributorId":96249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Helen L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830402,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopps, Howard C.","contributorId":189752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopps","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830403,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Helen L.","contributorId":96249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Helen L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Barbara M.","contributorId":75155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010240,"text":"70010240 - 1970 - Determination of iridium in mafic rocks by atomic absorption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T16:34:56.26991","indexId":"70010240","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of iridium in mafic rocks by atomic absorption","docAbstract":"<div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>Iridium is determined in mineralized mafic rocks by atomic absorption after fire-assay concentration into a gold bead. Interelement interferences in the atomic-absorption determination are removed and Ir sensitivity is increased by buffering the solutions with a mixture of copper and sodium sulphates. Substantial amounts of Ag, Al, Au, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Ho, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Te, Ti, V, Y, Zn and platinum metals can be tolerated in the atomic-absorption determination. The sensitivity and detection limits are 3.2 and 0.25 ppm of Ir, respectively.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0039-9140(70)80010-8","issn":"00399140","usgsCitation":"Grimaldi, F.S., and Schnepfe, M., 1970, Determination of iridium in mafic rocks by atomic absorption: Talanta, v. 17, no. 7, p. 617-621, https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(70)80010-8.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"617","endPage":"621","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219516,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffaee4b0c8380cd4f31b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimaldi, F. S.","contributorId":94286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimaldi","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schnepfe, M. M.","contributorId":93622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnepfe","given":"M. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":34752,"text":"b1312C - 1970 - A geochemical study of alluvium-covered copper deposits in Pima County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-03T21:38:32.424874","indexId":"b1312C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1312","chapter":"C","title":"A geochemical study of alluvium-covered copper deposits in Pima County, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1312C","usgsCitation":"Huff, L.C., Marranzino, A., and Nakagawa, H.M., 1970, A geochemical study of alluvium-covered copper deposits in Pima County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1312, Report: v, 31 p.; 5 Plates: 18.60 x 15.27 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1312C.","productDescription":"Report: v, 31 p.; 5 Plates: 18.60 x 15.27 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411296,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21406.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":167204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1312c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":96607,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1312c/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":96606,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1312c/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":96605,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1312c/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":96604,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1312c/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":96603,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1312c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":96602,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1312c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Pima County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.89066033095095,\n              32.06275583963401\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.18490476213913,\n              32.06275583963401\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.18490476213913,\n              31.864877108735982\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.89066033095095,\n              31.864877108735982\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.89066033095095,\n              32.06275583963401\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae684","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huff, Lyman C.","contributorId":47440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"Lyman","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marranzino, A. P.","contributorId":61798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marranzino","given":"A. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nakagawa, H. M.","contributorId":106475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakagawa","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":17383,"text":"ofr70359 - 1970 - Mineral resources of the southern half of Zone III Santander, Norte de Santander and Boyaca, Colombia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:23","indexId":"ofr70359","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-359","title":"Mineral resources of the southern half of Zone III Santander, Norte de Santander and Boyaca, Colombia","docAbstract":"The areas covered by this report lies in the eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes in the region around Bucaramanga. This part of the eastern Cordillera consists of a structurally complex core of metamorphic and igneous rocks of Precambrian to Mesozoic age, flanked to east and west by faulted and folded sedimentary strata of late Paleozoic to Tertiary age. Infaulted blocks of sedimentary rocks are locally present in the massif. Unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age, primarily terraced alluvium, are 10cally extensive in valleys on the flanks of the range. The crystalline central core of the range is called the Santander massif. In it are located the principal sold deposits and scattered deposits of copper, lead, zinc, and fluorite. The sedimentary rocks flanking the massif contain significant deposits of phosphate rock and gypsum, as well as other nonmetallic industrial minerals such as limestone, barite, glass sand, and coal. A belt of lead-zinc prospects in carbonate and sandstone beds of Cretaceous age on the east side of the range warrants further investigation. \r\n\r\nGold and silver are the only important metallic minerals that have been produced in the Santander massif. Mining dates back to colonial and possibly to pre-colonial times and continues on a small scale at present. The California and Vetas district was the main area of investigation of metallic minerals during the present project.  Results of geochemical sampling of stream sediments and assays of vein material indicate that the main potential of the area is in gold with lesser potentials in copper, lead, zinc, and silver.  Mineralization of the district is probably younger than Early Cretaceous. \r\n\r\nAlthough no copper minerals have been mined elsewhere in the massif, small amounts of copper minerals in various rocks in scattered areas is revealed by green and blue stains of copper carbonates and sulfates. Deposits of greatest areal extent are in arkosic conglomeratic beds of the Giron Formation. These are being explored and sampled at the present time (1969). A little lead has been mined and smelted in the past but operations were on a very small scale and of short duration. Small amounts of lead, zinc, and copper minerals accompany dolomite replacement of Cretaceous limestone in a few scattered places, and several promising prospects are being investigated by means of trenches and drilling. One magnetite and several hematite prospects were examined but none offers any potential for economic development.\r\n\r\nThick beds of gypsum in Lower Cretaceous limestone on Mesa de Los Santos, south of Bucaramanga are being quarried from outcrops for use in cement manufacture. The deposit was discovered shortly before the present project began, and although its extent beneath overlying strata is not yet determined by drilling, it appears to be in a small evaporite basin of about three kilometers in radius. Reserves of gypsum are large, but future development will have to be by underground mining. \r\n\r\nOutcrops of Cretaceous limestone of high purity are widespread and are more than adequate to meet all demands, which at present are for cement and calcined lime, road construction material, and to a small extent for agricultural lime and polished decorative stone. Upper Paleozoic limestone of the Diamante Formation crops out in a few places; it has been used near Bucaramanga for cement manufacture. \r\n\r\nMarble is present in several localities of the Santander massif in Lower Paleozoic and Devonian rocks. Impurities, fractures, and solution cavities render most of it unsuitable for decorative purposes, but selected parts are used in floor tile and terrazo. Recrystallized limestone of the Diamante Formation in the same area, usually referred to as marble, is of uniform high purity throughout a thick and uninterrupted section, and offers a good source of limestone raw material. A little is now used for agricultural lime. The potential of this resource has not been fully evalua","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr70359","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.E., Goldsmith, R., Cruz, B.B., Restrepo, J., and Hernan, A., 1970, Mineral resources of the southern half of Zone III Santander, Norte de Santander and Boyaca, Colombia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-359, 114 p. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70359.","productDescription":"114 p. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46507,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46508,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46509,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46510,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46511,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46512,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46513,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46514,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46515,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46516,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46517,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46518,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46519,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46520,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0359/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Dwight Edward","contributorId":50499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldsmith, Richard","contributorId":33283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsmith","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cruz, Bruna B.","contributorId":97129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cruz","given":"Bruna","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Restrepo, Jaime","contributorId":69175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Restrepo","given":"Jaime","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hernan, A.","contributorId":38591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernan","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":17361,"text":"ofr70148 - 1970 - Mineral resources of parts of the Departments of Antioquia and Caldas, Zone II, Colombia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:26","indexId":"ofr70148","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-148","title":"Mineral resources of parts of the Departments of Antioquia and Caldas, Zone II, Colombia","docAbstract":"The mineral resources of an area of 40,000 sq km, principally in the Department of Antioquia, but including small parts of the Departments of Caldas, C6rdoba, Risaralda, and Tolima, were investigated during the period 1964-68. The area is designated Zone II by the Colombian Inventario Minero Nacional(lMN). The geology of approximately 45 percent of this area, or 18,000 sq km, has been mapped by IMN. \r\n\r\nZone II has been a gold producer for centuries, and still produces 75 percent of Colombia's gold. Silver is recovered as a byproduct. Ferruginous laterites have been investigated as potential sources of iron ore but are not commercially exploitable. Nickeliferous laterite on serpentinite near Ure in the extreme northwest corner of the Zone is potentially exploitable, although less promising than similar laterites at Cerro Matoso, north of the Zone boundary. Known deposits of mercury, chromium, manganese, and copper are small and have limited economic potentia1. \r\n\r\nCement raw materials are important among nonmetallic resources, and four companies are engaged in the manufacture of portland cement. The eastern half of Zone II contains large carbonate rock reserves, but poor accessibility is a handicap to greater development at present. Dolomite near Amalfi is quarried for the glass-making and other industries. Clay saprolite is abundant and widely used in making brick and tiles in backyard kilns. Kaolin of good quality near La Union is used by the ceramic industry. Subbituminous coal beds of Tertiary are an important resource in the western part of the zone and have good potential for greater development.  Aggregate materials for construction are varied and abundant. Deposits of sodic feldspar, talc, decorative stone, and silica are exploited on a small scale.  Chrysotils asbestos deposits north of Campamento are being developed to supply fiber for Colombia's thriving asbestos-cement industry, which is presently dependent upon imported fiber. Wollastonite and andalusite are potential resources not exploitable now.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr70148","usgsCitation":"Hall, R., Feininger, T., Barrero, L., Dario, R.H., Hector, and Alvarez, A., 1970, Mineral resources of parts of the Departments of Antioquia and Caldas, Zone II, Colombia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-148, 164 p. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70148.","productDescription":"164 p. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0148/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46492,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0148/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46493,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0148/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46494,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0148/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46495,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0148/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46496,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0148/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46497,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0148/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b382","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, R.B.","contributorId":17214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feininger, Tomas","contributorId":97905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feininger","given":"Tomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrero, L.","contributorId":49653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrero","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dario, Rico H.","contributorId":82971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dario","given":"Rico","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hector","contributorId":128122,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Hector","id":529014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alvarez, A.","contributorId":104338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":16312,"text":"ofr70329 - 1970 - The mineral resources of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Columbia (Zone I)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:05","indexId":"ofr70329","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-329","title":"The mineral resources of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Columbia (Zone I)","docAbstract":"The Sierra Nevada de Santa Maria on the north coast of Colombia is an isolated triangular mountain area that reaches altitudes of almost 19,000 feet. The exceedingly complex geology is shown on the 1:200,000 geologic map. Despite five major periods of granitic intrusion, three major periods of metamorphism, and extensive volcanic eruptions, metallic deposits are small and widely scattered. Sulfide deposits of significant economic value appear to be absent. Many small copper deposits, of chalcocite, cuprite, malachite, and azurite are found in epidotized rock in Mesozoic redbeds and intercalated volcanic rocks, but their economic potential is very small. Deposits of other common base metals appear to be absent. The most important metallic deposits may prove to be unusual bimineralic apatite-ilmenite deposits associated with gneissic anorthosite. The known magnetite deposits are too small to be exploited commercially. Primary gold deposits have not been identified and the placer deposits are uneconomic and very small. \r\n\r\nThe largest and most important deposits are nonmetallic. Enormous reserves of limestone are suitable for cement manufacture and some high-purity limestone is suitable for the most exacting chemical uses. Small deposits of talc-tremolite could be exploited locally for ceramic use. The important noncoking bituminous coal deposits in the Cerrej6n area are excluded from this study. Other nonmetallic resources include igneous dimension stone in a variety of colors and textures, and agricultural dolomite. There probably are important undeveloped ground water resources on the slopes of the wide Rancheria and Cesar valleys, which separate the Sierra Nevada from the Serrania de Persia.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr70329","usgsCitation":"Tschanz, C.M., Jimeno V., A., and Cruz, J.B., 1970, The mineral resources of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Columbia (Zone I): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-329, 79 p. :5 folded maps (1 col.) ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70329.","productDescription":"79 p. :5 folded maps (1 col.) ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0329/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45238,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0329/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45239,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0329/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45240,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0329/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45241,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0329/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45242,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0329/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45243,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0329/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45244,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0329/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tschanz, Charles McFarland","contributorId":39798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tschanz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"McFarland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jimeno V., Andres","contributorId":82332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jimeno V.","given":"Andres","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cruz, Jaime B.","contributorId":29444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cruz","given":"Jaime","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":56012,"text":"ofr70177 - 1970 - Water and copper-mine tailings in karst terrane of Rio Tanama basin, Puerto Rico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56012,"text":"ofr70177 - 1970 - Water and copper-mine tailings in karst terrane of Rio Tanama basin, Puerto Rico","indexId":"ofr70177","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Water and copper-mine tailings in karst terrane of Rio Tanama basin, Puerto Rico"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":48001,"text":"ofr71163 - 1971 - Water and copper-mine tailings in karst terrane of Rio Tanama basin, Puerto Rico","indexId":"ofr71163","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Water and copper-mine tailings in karst terrane of Rio Tanama basin, Puerto Rico"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":48001,"text":"ofr71163 - 1971 - Water and copper-mine tailings in karst terrane of Rio Tanama basin, Puerto Rico","indexId":"ofr71163","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Water and copper-mine tailings in karst terrane of Rio Tanama basin, Puerto Rico"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-31T14:28:14.572793","indexId":"ofr70177","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-177","title":"Water and copper-mine tailings in karst terrane of Rio Tanama basin, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p>The proposed disposal of copper-mine tailings in karst terrane of the Rio Tanama basin presents a number of unique problems about potential sediment and chemical pollution of Rio Tanama.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70177","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico","usgsCitation":"Jordan, D., 1970, Water and copper-mine tailings in karst terrane of Rio Tanama basin, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-177, Report: 24 p.; 3 Plates: 21.93 x 17.12 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70177.","productDescription":"Report: 24 p.; 3 Plates: 21.93 x 17.12 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431712,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0177/figure-4.pdf","text":"Figure 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431711,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0177/figure-3.pdf","text":"Figure 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431710,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0177/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0177/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0177/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"20000","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Rio Tanama basin, Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.78065933519687,\n              18.414223307989417\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.78065933519687,\n              18.242669191071315\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.61806482350424,\n              18.242669191071315\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.61806482350424,\n              18.414223307989417\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.78065933519687,\n              18.414223307989417\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa36e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, Donald G.","contributorId":9519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Donald G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":16238,"text":"ofr70325 - 1970 - Rock analyses around the Copper Canyon open pit mine, Lander County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-07T16:52:01.305031","indexId":"ofr70325","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-325","title":"Rock analyses around the Copper Canyon open pit mine, Lander County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70325","usgsCitation":"Theodore, T., 1970, Rock analyses around the Copper Canyon open pit mine, Lander County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-325, Report: 238 p.; 4 Figures: 36.21 x 28.43 inches or 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,{"id":22960,"text":"ofr70116 - 1970 - Geology and mineral evaluation of the Wadi Bidah district, southern Hijaz quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T12:08:32","indexId":"ofr70116","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-116","title":"Geology and mineral evaluation of the Wadi Bidah district, southern Hijaz quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"<p>The Wadi Bidah district in southwest Saudi Arabia contains several ancient mines and mineral-prospects. The Precambian rocks of the district are steeply dipping and highly folded and faulted. They are divided into three major units: (1) older metavolcanic rocks, (2) metasedimentary rocks, and (3) younger metavolcanic rocks. Massive sulfide-type deposits show stratigraphic control and are found in metasedimentary rocks and in the younger metavolcanic rocks. There appears to be a close genetic relationship between the sulfide deposits and volcanism. Deposits containing copper, zinc, gold, and silver are indicated by geologic mapping and by shallow diamond drill holes in two of the ancient mine localities. The ore estimate for the district is 2.55 million short tons computed to depths that range from 79 to 150 meters. It seems probable that deeper drilling of the indicated deposits and drilling of other outlined target areas would add substantially to the ore reserves.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr70116","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Earhart, R.L., and Mawad, M.M., 1970, Geology and mineral evaluation of the Wadi Bidah district, southern Hijaz quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-116, Report: v, 100 p.; Maps: 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70116.","productDescription":"Report: v, 100 p.; Maps: 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0116/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52353,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0116/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52354,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0116/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52355,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0116/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52356,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0116/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52357,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0116/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52358,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0116/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52359,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0116/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              41.33,\n              20.37\n            ],\n            [\n              41.33,\n              20.8\n            ],\n            [\n              41.45,\n              20.8\n            ],\n            [\n              41.45,\n              20.37\n            ],\n            [\n              41.33,\n              20.37\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earhart, Robert L.","contributorId":74729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earhart","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mawad, Mustafa M.","contributorId":43779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mawad","given":"Mustafa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20965,"text":"ofr70310 - 1970 - Results of geochemical sampling in the western Clearwater Mountains, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-10T18:23:19.118269","indexId":"ofr70310","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-310","title":"Results of geochemical sampling in the western Clearwater Mountains, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Two centers of gold mineralization in the Clearwater Mountains have been identified during a recent geochemical sampling program in the Healy A-1, B-1 quadrangles, Alaska. Both the Timberline Creek center and the Black Creek center are located near the same E-W trending fault system.</p><p>Sites of structural weakness along the zone have apparently guided the emplacement of small diorite and quartz diorite stocks that acted as hosts for later gold-quartz-carbonate veins. Recurrent movement along the faults has fractured and locally sheared the intrusives, providing discontinuous dilatant areas for subsequent vein deposition. Most of the auriferous veins are locallized within the fractured intrusives, although gold values in the range 0.02 to 20 ppm are found in much of the limonitic shear zone material in both intrusive and country rock. The coincidence of gold centers with intrusive bodies appears to be principally a tectonic association. Fractured dilatant intrusives along a generally impermeable fault zone have functioned as pipe-like avenues of ascent for mineralizing fluids.</p><p>A close association of gold and arsenic exists in both stream-sediment and bedrock geochemical samples. Mercury is concentrated along the major E-W trending shear system, but occurs between the gold centers, implying a crude hypogene zonation outward from the centers along the mineral belt.</p><p>The Denali Copper Prospect, discovered in 1963 (Kaufman, 1964, p. 6) and currently being explored is similarly located at a structural intersection along a major shear system trending N. 75° E. Additional minor occurrences of copper are located to the west along the same fault system on the south side of Windy Creek.</p><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70310","usgsCitation":"Smith, T.E., 1970, Results of geochemical sampling in the western Clearwater Mountains, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-310, iv, 249 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70310.","productDescription":"iv, 249 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155399,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0310/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":427668,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0310/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"western Clearwater Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148.95842887636124,\n              64.03280499403155\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.95842887636124,\n              62.768209591454706\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.24581768240645,\n              62.768209591454706\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.24581768240645,\n              64.03280499403155\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.95842887636124,\n              64.03280499403155\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613c63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Thomas E.","contributorId":57871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70226166,"text":"70226166 - 1970 - Distribution of silver and copper in placer gold derived from the northeastern part of the Colorado Mineral Belt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-15T20:01:07.655321","indexId":"70226166","displayToPublicDate":"1970-12-01T13:49:39","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of silver and copper in placer gold derived from the northeastern part of the Colorado Mineral Belt","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Placer gold grains from the modern streams originating in the Colorado Mineral Belt were examined for silver and copper content on a quantitative basis utilizing the electron microprobe. The variation among grains from a particular locality is large, but the mean silver content of the interior of the placer gold grains from each locality and (or) the variation in copper content may be of value in distinguishing lode sources and gold mining districts. Microprobe analysis of the interior of gold grains is independent of chemical actions that affect the border of placer gold grains during their transport history, and it is shown that distinct compositional groups of different lode sources may be identified even in a single sample--information that may aid in recognizing the existence of concealed lodes that once contributed to a placer environment.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.65.8.937","usgsCitation":"Desborough, G.A., Raymond, W.H., and Iagmin, P.J., 1970, Distribution of silver and copper in placer gold derived from the northeastern part of the Colorado Mineral Belt: Economic Geology, v. 65, no. 8, p. 937-944, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.65.8.937.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"937","endPage":"944","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391686,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Mineral Belt","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.10458374023436,\n              39.26415795094216\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.85464477539061,\n              39.26415795094216\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.85464477539061,\n              39.49450361977246\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.10458374023436,\n              39.49450361977246\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.10458374023436,\n              39.26415795094216\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.57586669921875,\n              39.73253798438173\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.35202026367188,\n              39.73253798438173\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.35202026367188,\n              39.9571224404468\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.57586669921875,\n              39.9571224404468\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.57586669921875,\n              39.73253798438173\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.49758911132812,\n              39.099160259556236\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.44540405273438,\n              39.099160259556236\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.44540405273438,\n              39.13645165015621\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.49758911132812,\n              39.13645165015621\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.49758911132812,\n              39.099160259556236\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1970-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Desborough, George A.","contributorId":101661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raymond, William H.","contributorId":48555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iagmin, Paula J.","contributorId":268801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iagmin","given":"Paula","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70226168,"text":"70226168 - 1970 - Similarities, differences, and some genetic problems of the Wyoming and Colorado plateau types of uranium deposits in sandstone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-15T20:32:23.502527","indexId":"70226168","displayToPublicDate":"1970-11-01T14:19:14","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Similarities, differences, and some genetic problems of the Wyoming and Colorado plateau types of uranium deposits in sandstone","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Uranium deposits of the Wyoming roll type and the Colorado Plateau peneconcordant type are the principal domestic resources of uranium. Both types occur in lenticular sandstone beds of continental origin, have a similar suite of elements and minerals, are associated with mildly altered rock, and are thought to have formed by reduction precipitation from ground waters before significant regional deformation. They differ in several respects. The Wyoming deposits are in unlithified sandstone that is highly arkosic, whereas the Colorado Plateau deposits are in lithified sandstone that is only slightly to moderately arkosic. Uranium is the only ore metal in the Wyoming deposits, whereas vanadium or copper is more abundant than uranium in some of the Plateau deposits. The Wyoming deposits are elongate crescent-shaped bodies that extend vertically through, or partly through, a sandstone unit and which are scattered, like widely spaced beads on a string, along miles-long interfaces between oxidized (altered) and unoxidized sandstone, whereas the Plateau deposits are thin tabular layers that are nearly concordant to bedding and which occur as discrete bodies, like raisins in raisin bread, enveloped in rock altered by reduction. The Wyoming ore rolls and interfaces were dynamic, having been pushed downdip by downward-moving oxygen-bearing water that passed through the interfaces and deposited the ore minerals on the reducing side, whereas the Plateau deposits seemingly formed as static bodies, localized by intensive reducing \"patches\" in a mildly reducing environment. These differences focus attention on genetic problems relating to the Eh of the ore-bearing and altering solutions, the shape and localization of deposits, and the source of the uranium.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.65.7.778","usgsCitation":"Fischer, R.P., 1970, Similarities, differences, and some genetic problems of the Wyoming and Colorado plateau types of uranium deposits in sandstone: Economic Geology, v. 65, no. 7, p. 778-784, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.65.7.778.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"778","endPage":"784","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391693,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.81884765624999,\n              33.88865750124075\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.5234375,\n              33.88865750124075\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.5234375,\n              39.198205348894795\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.81884765624999,\n              39.198205348894795\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.81884765624999,\n              33.88865750124075\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.77636718749999,\n              43.03677585761058\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.3486328125,\n              43.03677585761058\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.3486328125,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.77636718749999,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.77636718749999,\n              43.03677585761058\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.896484375,\n              41.32732632036622\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.5234375,\n              41.32732632036622\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.5234375,\n              43.02071359427862\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.896484375,\n              43.02071359427862\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.896484375,\n              41.32732632036622\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1970-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, R. P.","contributorId":89958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1013893,"text":"1013893 - 1970 - Control methods for snail-borne zoonoses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-02T16:26:23.470597","indexId":"1013893","displayToPublicDate":"1970-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Control methods for snail-borne zoonoses","docAbstract":"<p><span>All trematodes which cause infections and diseases in humans (zoonoses) require snails for their first intermediate host. Some have additional intermediate hosts such as crustaceans, fishes and frogs.</span></p><p><span>In this paper I have discussed the use of various procedures for controlling snail populations thereby reducing the population of trematodes whose cercariae penetrate the skin of man, or which are acquired by eating raw aquatic vegetation such as watercress, or which cause pathology in fish. Biological, chemical, and physical snail control techniques are discussed. The most promising molluscucides are copper compounds, Bayluscide, biocidal rubber and molluscicidal bait.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-6.4.262","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, G.L., 1970, Control methods for snail-borne zoonoses: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 6, no. 4, p. 262-265, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-6.4.262.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"265","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132013,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688c83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70226269,"text":"70226269 - 1970 - Content of zinc and copper in some fluid inclusions from the Cave-in-Rock district, southern Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-17T14:53:51.993737","indexId":"70226269","displayToPublicDate":"1970-07-01T08:40:03","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Content of zinc and copper in some fluid inclusions from the Cave-in-Rock district, southern Illinois","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.65.4.451","usgsCitation":"Pinckney, D.M., and Haffty, J., 1970, Content of zinc and copper in some fluid inclusions from the Cave-in-Rock district, southern Illinois: Economic Geology, v. 65, no. 4, p. 451-458, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.65.4.451.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"458","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Cave-in-Rock district, Hicks dome","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.37333679199219,\n              37.51156412051219\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.31926345825195,\n              37.51156412051219\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.31926345825195,\n              37.545393957073436\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.37333679199219,\n              37.545393957073436\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.37333679199219,\n              37.51156412051219\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1970-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pinckney, Darrell M.","contributorId":54607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinckney","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haffty, Joseph","contributorId":79450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haffty","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70226544,"text":"70226544 - 1970 - Macusanite occurrence, age, and composition, Macusani, Peru","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-23T16:36:35.006571","indexId":"70226544","displayToPublicDate":"1970-05-01T10:25:32","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macusanite occurrence, age, and composition, Macusani, Peru","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Macusanite, originally believed to be a type of tektite because of its sculpture, is shown to be related to sillar of the Macusani region, Peru. K-Ar measurements establish identical Pliocene ages (4.2 m.y.) for macusanite and sillar and relate these deposits to the extensive ash flows of the southern Andes. These rocks are unique for glassy rocks in that lithium, boron, and arsenic contents are very high; cesium, rubidium, tellurium, fluorine, and tin are higher than normal; zinc, copper, chromium, and zirconium are lower than normal; and high-alumina minerals such as andalusite are present.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1539:MOAACM]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Barnes, V.E., Edwards, G., McLaughlin, W.A., Friedman, I., and Joensuu, O., 1970, Macusanite occurrence, age, and composition, Macusani, Peru: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 81, no. 5, p. 1539-1546, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1539:MOAACM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1539","endPage":"1546","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Peru","city":"Macusani","otherGeospatial":"Andes Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.63522338867188,\n              -14.305638794557638\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.14770507812499,\n              -14.305638794557638\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.14770507812499,\n              -13.846080390642825\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.63522338867188,\n              -13.846080390642825\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.63522338867188,\n              -14.305638794557638\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, Virgil E.","contributorId":269499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"Virgil","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12933,"text":"Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":827298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, George","contributorId":269500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"George","affiliations":[{"id":39753,"text":"Shell Oil Company, Houston, TX","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":827299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLaughlin, W. A.","contributorId":269501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39753,"text":"Shell Oil Company, Houston, TX","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":827300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Joensuu, Oiva","contributorId":24916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joensuu","given":"Oiva","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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