{"pageNumber":"77","pageRowStart":"1900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":4111,"records":[{"id":70037765,"text":"70037765 - 2012 - Life histories, salinity zones, and sublethal contributions of contaminants to pelagic fish declines illustrated with a case study of San Francisco Estuary, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T20:25:56.19123","indexId":"70037765","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life histories, salinity zones, and sublethal contributions of contaminants to pelagic fish declines illustrated with a case study of San Francisco Estuary, California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Human effects on estuaries are often associated with major decreases in abundance of aquatic species. However, remediation priorities are difficult to identify when declines result from multiple stressors with interacting sublethal effects. The San Francisco Estuary offers a useful case study of the potential role of contaminants in declines of organisms because the waters of its delta chronically violate legal water quality standards; however, direct effects of contaminants on fish species are rarely observed. Lack of direct lethality in the field has prevented consensus that contaminants may be one of the major drivers of coincident but unexplained declines of fishes with differing life histories and habitats (anadromous, brackish, and freshwater). Our review of available evidence indicates that examining the effects of contaminants and other stressors on specific life stages in different seasons and salinity zones of the estuary is critical to identifying how several interacting stressors could contribute to a general syndrome of declines. Moreover, warming water temperatures of the magnitude projected by climate models increase metabolic rates of ectotherms, and can hasten elimination of some contaminants. However, for other pollutants, concurrent increases in respiratory rate or food intake result in higher doses per unit time without changes in the contaminant concentrations in the water. Food limitation and energetic costs of osmoregulating under altered salinities further limit the amount of energy available to fish; this energy must be redirected from growth and reproduction toward pollutant avoidance, enzymatic detoxification, or elimination. Because all of these processes require energy, bioenergetics methods are promising for evaluating effects of sublethal contaminants in the presence of other stressors, and for informing remediation. Predictive models that evaluate the direct and indirect effects of contaminants will be possible when data become available on energetic costs of exposure to contaminants given simultaneous exposure to non-contaminant stressors.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-011-9459-6","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.L., Fleishman, E., Brown, L.R., Lehman, P.W., Werner, I., Scholz, N., Michelmore, C., Loworn, J.R., Johnson, M.L., and Schlenk, D., 2012, Life histories, salinity zones, and sublethal contributions of contaminants to pelagic fish declines illustrated with a case study of San Francisco Estuary, California, USA: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 35, no. 2, p. 603-621, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-011-9459-6.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"621","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/130173","text":"External Repository"},{"id":381743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.01940917968751,\n              37.26968150969715\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.3275146484375,\n              37.26968150969715\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.3275146484375,\n              38.32011084501538\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.01940917968751,\n              38.32011084501538\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.01940917968751,\n              37.26968150969715\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4756e4b0c8380cd67823","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Marjorie L.","contributorId":30108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Marjorie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleishman, Erica","contributorId":11863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleishman","given":"Erica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lehman, Peggy W.","contributorId":96168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lehman","given":"Peggy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7101,"text":"California Department of Water Resources, Geodetic Branch","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":462651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Werner, Inge","contributorId":38030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Inge","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scholz, Nathaniel","contributorId":22639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholz","given":"Nathaniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Michelmore, Carys","contributorId":91756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michelmore","given":"Carys","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Loworn, James R.","contributorId":57329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loworn","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, Michael L.","contributorId":97781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schlenk, Daniel","contributorId":99845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlenk","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70136236,"text":"70136236 - 2012 - Oceanographic gradients and seabird prey community dynamics in glacial fjords","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T11:19:13","indexId":"70136236","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-15T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1660,"text":"Fisheries Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oceanographic gradients and seabird prey community dynamics in glacial fjords","docAbstract":"<p>Glacial fjord habitats are undergoing rapid change as a result of contemporary global warming, yet little is known about how glaciers influence marine ecosystems. These ecosystems provide important feeding, breeding and rearing grounds for a wide variety of marine organisms, including seabirds of management concern. To characterize ocean conditions and marine food webs near tidewater glaciers, we conducted monthly surveys of oceanographic variables, plankton, fish and seabirds in Kenai Fjords, Alaska, from June to August of 2007 and 2008. We also measured tidal current velocities near glacial features. We found high sediment load from glacial river runoff played a major role in structuring the fjord marine ecosystem. Submerged moraines (sills) isolated cool, fresh, stratified and silt-laden inner fjord habitats from oceanic influence. Near tidewater glaciers, surface layers of turbid glacial runoff limited availability of light to phytoplankton, but macrozooplankton were abundant in surface waters, perhaps due to the absence of a photic cue for diel migration. Fish and zooplankton community structure varied along an increasing temperature gradient throughout the summer. Acoustic measurements indicated that low density patches of fish and zooplankton were available in the surface waters near glacial river outflows. This is the foraging habitat occupied most by Kittlitz's murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris), a rare seabird that appears to be specialized for life in glacially influenced environments. Kittlitz's murrelets were associated with floating glacial ice, and they were more likely to occur near glaciers, in deeper water, and in areas with high acoustic backscatter. Kittlitz's murrelet at-sea distribution was limited to areas influenced by turbid glacial outflows, and where prey was concentrated near the surface in waters with low light penetration. Tidewater glaciers impart unique hydrographic characteristics that influence marine plankton and fish communities, and this has cascading effects on marine food webs in these ecosystems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Scien","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2419.2012.00616.x","usgsCitation":"Arimitsu, M.L., Piatt, J.F., Madison, E.N., Conaway, J.S., and Hillgruber, N., 2012, Oceanographic gradients and seabird prey community dynamics in glacial fjords: Fisheries Oceanography, v. 21, no. 2-3, p. 148-169, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2012.00616.x.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"148","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-027033","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296879,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2012.00616.x"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c1de4b08de9379b3634","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arimitsu, Mayumi L. 0000-0001-6982-2238 marimitsu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-2238","contributorId":140501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arimitsu","given":"Mayumi","email":"marimitsu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madison, Erica N. emadison@usgs.gov","contributorId":3409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madison","given":"Erica","email":"emadison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conaway, Jeffrey S. 0000-0002-3036-592X jconaway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-592X","contributorId":2026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jconaway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hillgruber, N.","contributorId":84144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillgruber","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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Lindsey","contributorId":148983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flagstad","given":"Lindsey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Matthew L.","contributorId":138686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12492,"text":"UAA Alaska Natural Heritage Program & Biological Sciences Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cortes-Burnes, Helen","contributorId":148984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cortes-Burnes","given":"Helen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine","contributorId":28129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holcombe, Tracy","contributorId":93817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcombe","given":"Tracy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70173590,"text":"70173590 - 2012 - Fish species of greatest conservation need in wadeable Iowa streams: current status and effectiveness of Aquatic Gap Program distribution models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T16:20:04","indexId":"70173590","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish species of greatest conservation need in wadeable Iowa streams: current status and effectiveness of Aquatic Gap Program distribution models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Effective conservation of fish species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) requires an understanding of species&ndash;habitat relationships and distributional trends. Thus, modeling the distribution of fish species across large spatial scales may be a valuable tool for conservation planning. Our goals were to evaluate the status of 10 fish SGCN in wadeable Iowa streams and to test the effectiveness of Iowa Aquatic Gap Analysis Project (IAGAP) species distribution models. We sampled fish assemblages from 86 wadeable stream segments in the Mississippi River drainage of Iowa during 2009 and 2010 to provide contemporary, independent fish species presence&ndash;absence data. The frequencies of occurrence in stream segments where species were historically documented varied from 0.0% for redfin shiner&nbsp;</span><i>Lythrurus umbratilis</i><span>&nbsp;to 100.0% for American brook lamprey</span><i>Lampetra appendix</i><span>, with a mean of 53.0%, suggesting that the status of Iowa fish SGCN is highly variable. Cohen's kappa values and other model performance measures were calculated by comparing field-collected presence&ndash;absence data with IAGAP model&ndash;predicted presences and absences for 12 fish SGCN. Kappa values varied from 0.00 to 0.50, with a mean of 0.15. The models only predicted the occurrences of banded darter</span><i>Etheostoma zonale</i><span>, southern redbelly dace&nbsp;</span><i>Phoxinus erythrogaster</i><span>, and longnose dace</span><i>Rhinichthys cataractae</i><span>&nbsp;more accurately than would be expected by chance. Overall, the accuracy of the twelve models was low, with a mean correct classification rate of 58.3%. Poor model performance probably reflects the difficulties associated with modeling the distribution of rare species and the inability of the large-scale habitat variables used in IAGAP models to explain the variation in fish species occurrences. Our results highlight the importance of quantifying the confidence in species distribution model predictions with an independent data set and the need for long-term monitoring to better understand the distributional trends and habitat associations of fish SGCN.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.663456","usgsCitation":"Sindt, A.R., Pierce, C., and Quist, M., 2012, Fish species of greatest conservation need in wadeable Iowa streams: current status and effectiveness of Aquatic Gap Program distribution models: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 32, no. 1, p. 135-146, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.663456.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"146","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028651","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1100&context=nrem_pubs","text":"External Repository"},{"id":323228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.54833984375,\n              43.50075243569041\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.779052734375,\n              42.78733853172001\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.00976562499999,\n              42.05745022024682\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.537353515625,\n              41.4509614012039\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.284912109375,\n              40.93841495689795\n            ],\n   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]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757f035e4b04f417c24da83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sindt, Anthony R.","contributorId":171503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sindt","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Clay 0000-0001-5088-5431 cpierce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":150492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Clay","email":"cpierce@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. mquist@usgs.gov","contributorId":166707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael C.","email":"mquist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70009622,"text":"70009622 - 2012 - On the relationship between sea level and <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-05T17:16:01","indexId":"70009622","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-29T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the relationship between sea level and <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> production","docAbstract":"A positive relationship between interannual sea level and plant growth is thought to stabilize many coastal landforms responding to accelerating rates of sea level rise. Numerical models of delta growth, tidal channel network evolution, and ecosystem resilience incorporate a hump-shaped relationship between inundation and plant primary production, where vegetation growth increases with sea level up to an optimum water depth or inundation frequency. In contrast, we use decade-long measurements of <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> biomass in seven coastal Virginia (USA) marshes to demonstrate that interannual sea level is rarely a primary determinant of vegetation growth. Although we find tepid support for a hump-shaped relationship between aboveground production and inundation when marshes of different elevation are considered, our results suggest that marshes high in the intertidal zone and low in relief are unresponsive to sea level fluctuations. We suggest existing models are unable to capture the behavior of wetlands in these portions of the landscape, and may underestimate their vulnerability to sea level rise because sea level rise will not be accompanied by enhanced plant growth and resultant sediment accumulation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10021-011-9498-7","usgsCitation":"Kirwan, M., Christian, R.R., Blum, L., and Brinson, M., 2012, On the relationship between sea level and <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> production: Ecosystems, v. 15, no. 1, p. 140-147, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9498-7.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204808,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9498-7","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6defe4b0c8380cd753e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirwan, Matthew L. 0000-0002-0658-3038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-3038","contributorId":84060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"Matthew L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christian, Robert R.","contributorId":96412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christian","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blum, Linda K.","contributorId":92794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Linda K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brinson, Mark M.","contributorId":45761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinson","given":"Mark M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70007318,"text":"ofr20121016 - 2012 - Review of rare earth element concentrations in oil shales of the Eocene Green River Formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-09T23:21:54","indexId":"ofr20121016","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-08T11:11:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1016","title":"Review of rare earth element concentrations in oil shales of the Eocene Green River Formation","docAbstract":"Concentrations of the lanthanide series or rare earth elements and yttrium were determined for lacustrine oil shale samples from the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin of Colorado and the Uinta Basin of Utah. Unprocessed oil shale, post-pyrolysis (spent) shale, and leached shale samples were examined to determine if oil-shale processing to generate oil or the remediation of retorted shale affects rare earth element concentrations. Results for unprocessed Green River oil shale samples were compared to data published in the literature on reference materials, such as chondritic meteorites, the North American shale composite, marine oil shale samples from two sites in northern Tibet, and mined rare earth element ores from the United States and China. The Green River oil shales had lower rare earth element concentrations (66.3 to 141.3 micrograms per gram, &mu;g g<sup>-1</sup>) than are typical of material in the upper crust (approximately 170 &mu;g g<sup>-1</sup>) and were also lower in rare earth elements relative to the North American shale composite (approximately 165 &mu;g g<sup>-1</sup>). Adjusting for dilution of rare earth elements by organic matter does not account for the total difference between the oil shales and other crustal rocks. Europium anomalies for Green River oil shales from the Piceance Basin were slightly lower than those reported for the North American shale composite and upper crust. When compared to ores currently mined for rare earth elements, the concentrations in Green River oil shales are several orders of magnitude lower. Retorting Green River oil shales led to a slight enrichment of rare earth elements due to removal of organic matter. When concentrations in spent and leached samples were normalized to an original rock basis, concentrations were comparable to those of the raw shale, indicating that rare earth elements are conserved in processed oil shales.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121016","usgsCitation":"Birdwell, J.E., 2012, Review of rare earth element concentrations in oil shales of the Eocene Green River Formation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1016, v, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121016.","productDescription":"v, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1016.png"},{"id":115784,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1016/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah;Colorado;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Green River Formation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.25,38 ], [ -112.25,43.333333333333336 ], [ -106.25,43.333333333333336 ], [ -106.25,38 ], [ -112.25,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac7ce4b0c8380cd86d57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70007284,"text":"70007284 - 2012 - Selection indicates preference in diverse habitats: A ground-nesting bird (<i>Charadrius melodus</i>) using reservoir shoreline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T10:59:02","indexId":"70007284","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-01T08:44:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selection indicates preference in diverse habitats: A ground-nesting bird (<i>Charadrius melodus</i>) using reservoir shoreline","docAbstract":"Animals use proximate cues to select resources that maximize individual fitness. When animals have a diverse array of available habitats, those selected could give insights into true habitat preferences. Since the construction of the Garrison Dam on the Missouri River in North Dakota, Lake Sakakawea (SAK) has become an important breeding area for federally threatened piping plovers (<i>Charadrius melodus</i>; hereafter plovers). We used conditional logistic regression to examine nest-site selection at fine scales (1, 3, and 10 m) during summers 2006&ndash;2009 by comparing characteristics at 351 nests to those of 668 random sites within nesting territories. Plovers selected sites (1 m<sup>2</sup>) that were lower than unused random sites, increasing the risk of nest inundation. Plovers selected nest sites that were flat, had little silt, and at least 1 cobble; they also selected for 3-m radius nest areas that were relatively flat and devoid of vegetation and litter. Ninety percent of nests had <38% coverage of silt and <10% slope at the site, and <15% coverage of vegetation or litter and <31% slope within the 3-m radius. Gravel was selected for at nest sites (11% median), but against in the area 10-m from the nest, suggesting plovers select for patches or strips of gravel. Although elevation is rarely evaluated in studies of ground-nesting birds, our results underscore its importance in habitat-selection studies. Relative to where plovers historically nested, habitat at SAK has more diverse topography, substrate composition, vegetation communities, and greater water-level fluctuations. Accordingly, our results provide an example of how habitat-selection results can be interpreted as habitat preferences because they are not influenced by desired habitats being scarce or absent. Further, our results will be useful for directing habitat conservation for plovers and interpreting other habitat-selection studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0030347","usgsCitation":"Anteau, M.J., Sherfy, M.H., and Wiltermuth, M.T., 2012, Selection indicates preference in diverse habitats: A ground-nesting bird (<i>Charadrius melodus</i>) using reservoir shoreline: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030347.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"e30347","temporalStart":"2006-06-01","temporalEnd":"2009-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474582,"rank":101,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030347","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":115766,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030347","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River;Garrison Dam;Lake Sakakawea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.44020080566406,\n              47.498241943073786\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.4254379272461,\n              47.498241943073786\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.4254379272461,\n              47.50925856681305\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.44020080566406,\n              47.50925856681305\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.44020080566406,\n              47.498241943073786\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ccce4b08c986b31812c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherfy, Mark H. 0000-0003-3016-4105 msherfy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-4105","contributorId":125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherfy","given":"Mark","email":"msherfy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiltermuth, Mark T. 0000-0002-8871-2816 mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-2816","contributorId":708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltermuth","given":"Mark","email":"mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70190451,"text":"70190451 - 2012 - Miocene magmatism in the Bodie Hills volcanic field, California and Nevada: A long-lived eruptive center in the southern segment of the ancestral Cascades arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T16:23:00","indexId":"70190451","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Miocene magmatism in the Bodie Hills volcanic field, California and Nevada: A long-lived eruptive center in the southern segment of the ancestral Cascades arc","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">The Middle to Late Miocene Bodie Hills volcanic field is a &gt;700 km<sup>2</sup>, long-lived (∼9 Ma) but episodic eruptive center in the southern segment of the ancestral Cascades arc north of Mono Lake (California, U.S.). It consists of ∼20 major eruptive units, including 4 trachyandesite stratovolcanoes emplaced along the margins of the field, and numerous, more centrally located silicic trachyandesite to rhyolite flow dome complexes. Bodie Hills volcanism was episodic with two peak periods of eruptive activity: an early period ca. 14.7–12.9 Ma that mostly formed trachyandesite stratovolcanoes and a later period between ca. 9.2 and 8.0 Ma dominated by large trachyandesite-dacite dome fields. A final period of small silicic dome emplacement occurred ca. 6 Ma. Aeromagnetic and gravity data suggest that many of the Miocene volcanoes have shallow plutonic roots that extend to depths ≥1–2 km below the surface, and much of the Bodie Hills may be underlain by low-density plutons presumably related to Miocene volcanism.</p><p id=\"p-2\">Compositions of Bodie Hills volcanic rocks vary from ∼50 to 78 wt% SiO<sub>2</sub>, although rocks with &lt;55 wt% SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>are rare. They form a high-K calc-alkaline series with pronounced negative Ti-P-Nb-Ta anomalies and high Ba/Nb, Ba/Ta, and La/Nb typical of subduction-related continental margin arcs. Most Bodie Hills rocks are porphyritic, commonly containing 15–35 vol% phenocrysts of plagioclase, pyroxene, and hornblende ± biotite. The oldest eruptive units have the most mafic compositions, but volcanic rocks oscillated between mafic and intermediate to felsic compositions through time. Following a 2 Ma hiatus in volcanism, postsubduction rocks of the ca. 3.6–0.1 Ma, bimodal, high-K Aurora volcanic field erupted unconformably onto rocks of the Miocene Bodie Hills volcanic field.</p><p id=\"p-3\">At the latitude of the Bodie Hills, subduction of the Farallon plate is inferred to have ended ca. 10 Ma, evolving to a transform plate margin. However, volcanism in the region continued until 8 Ma without an apparent change in rock composition or style of eruption. Equidimensional, polygenetic volcanoes and the absence of dike swarms suggest a low differential horizontal stress regime throughout the lifespan of the Bodie Hills volcanic field. However, kinematic data for veins and faults in mining districts suggest a change in the stress field from transtensional to extensional approximately coincident with the inferred cessation of subduction.</p><p id=\"p-4\">Numerous hydrothermal systems were operative in the Bodie Hills during the Miocene. Several large systems caused alteration of volcaniclastic rocks in areas as large as 30 km<sup>2</sup>, but these altered rocks are mostly devoid of economic mineral concentrations. More structurally focused hydrothermal systems formed large epithermal Au-Ag vein deposits in the Bodie and Aurora mining districts. Economically important hydrothermal systems are temporally related to intermediate to silicic composition domes.</p><p id=\"p-5\">Rock types, major and trace element compositions, petrographic characteristics, and volcanic features of the Bodie Hills volcanic field are similar to those of other large Miocene volcanic fields in the southern segment of the ancestral Cascade arc. Relative to other parts of the ancestral arc, especially north of Lake Tahoe in northeastern California, the scarcity of mafic rocks, relatively K-rich calc-alkaline compositions, and abundance of composite dome fields in the Bodie Hills may reflect thicker crust beneath the southern ancestral arc segment. Thicker crust may have inhibited direct ascent and eruption of mafic, mantle-derived magma, instead stalling its ascent in the lower or middle crust, thereby promoting differentiation to silicic compositions and development of porphyritic textures characteristic of the southern ancestral arc segment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00674.1","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., du Bray, E.A., Blakely, R.J., Fleck, R.J., Vikre, P.G., Box, S.E., and Moring, B.C., 2012, Miocene magmatism in the Bodie Hills volcanic field, California and Nevada: A long-lived eruptive center in the southern segment of the ancestral Cascades arc: Geosphere, v. 8, no. 1, p. 44-97, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00674.1.","productDescription":"54 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"97","ipdsId":"IP-029336","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00674.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Bodie Hills volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.24414062499999,\n              36.35052700542763\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.43359375,\n              36.35052700542763\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.43359375,\n              47.42808726171425\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.24414062499999,\n           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edubray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8394","contributorId":755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Bray","given":"Edward","email":"edubray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vikre, Peter G. 0000-0001-7895-5972 pvikre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-5972","contributorId":139033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vikre","given":"Peter","email":"pvikre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moring, Barry C. 0000-0001-6797-9258 moring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-9258","contributorId":2794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"Barry","email":"moring@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70007145,"text":"70007145 - 2012 - Occupancy modeling and estimation of the holiday darter species complex within the Etowah River system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"70007145","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occupancy modeling and estimation of the holiday darter species complex within the Etowah River system","docAbstract":"Documenting the status of rare fishes is a crucial step in effectively managing populations and implementing regulatory mechanisms of protection. In recent years, site occupancy has become an increasingly popular metric for assessing populations, but species distribution models that do not account for imperfect detection can underestimate the proportion of sites occupied and the strength of the relationship with a hypothesized covariate. However, valid detection requires temporal or spatial replication, which is often not feasible due to logistical or budget constraints. In this study, we used a method that allowed for spatial replication during a single visit to evaluate the current status of the holiday darter species complex, Etheostoma sp. cf. E. brevirostrum, within the Etowah River system. Moreover, the modeling approach used in this study facilitated comparisons of factors influencing stream occupancy as well as species detection within sites. The results suggest that there is less habitat available for the Etowah holiday darter form (Etheostoma sp. cf. E. brevirostrum B) than for the Amicalola holiday darter form (Etheostoma sp. cf. E. brevirostrum A). Additionally, occupancy models suggest that even small decreases in forest cover within these headwater systems adversely affect holiday darter populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.644193","usgsCitation":"Anderson, G.B., Freeman, M., Hagler, M.M., and Freeman, B.J., 2012, Occupancy modeling and estimation of the holiday darter species complex within the Etowah River system: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 1, p. 34-45, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.644193.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":115661,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.644193","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Etowah River System","volume":"141","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b1ce4b0c8380cd74509","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Gregory B.","contributorId":65988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Mary 0000-0001-7615-6923 mcfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":3528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"mcfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hagler, Megan M.","contributorId":88875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagler","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, Byron J.","contributorId":49782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"Byron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":355933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70124928,"text":"70124928 - 2012 - The paradox of extreme high-altitude migration in bar-headed geese <i>Anser indicus</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:40:52","indexId":"70124928","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:58:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3173,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The paradox of extreme high-altitude migration in bar-headed geese <i>Anser indicus</i>","docAbstract":"Bar-headed geese are renowned for migratory flights at extremely high altitudes over the world's tallest mountains, the Himalayas, where partial pressure of oxygen is dramatically reduced while flight costs, in terms of rate of oxygen consumption, are greatly increased. Such a mismatch is paradoxical, and it is not clear why geese might fly higher than is absolutely necessary. In addition, direct empirical measurements of high-altitude flight are lacking. We test whether migrating bar-headed geese actually minimize flight altitude and make use of favourable winds to reduce flight costs. By tracking 91 geese, we show that these birds typically travel through the valleys of the Himalayas and not over the summits. We report maximum flight altitudes of 7290 m and 6540 m for southbound and northbound geese, respectively, but with 95 per cent of locations received from less than 5489 m. Geese travelled along a route that was 112 km longer than the great circle (shortest distance) route, with transit ground speeds suggesting that they rarely profited from tailwinds. Bar-headed geese from these eastern populations generally travel only as high as the terrain beneath them dictates and rarely in profitable winds. Nevertheless, their migration represents an enormous challenge in conditions where humans and other mammals are only able to operate at levels well below their sea-level maxima.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2012.2114","usgsCitation":"Hawkes, L., Balachandran, S., Batbayar, N., Butler, P., Chua, B., Douglas, D., Frappell, P., Hou, Y., Milsom, W., Newman, S.H., Prosser, D., Sathiyaselvam, P., Scott, G., Takekawa, J.Y., Natsagdorj, T., Wikelski, M., Witt, M., Yan, B., and Bishop, C., 2012, The paradox of extreme high-altitude migration in bar-headed geese <i>Anser indicus</i>: Proceedings of the Royal Society B, v. 280, no. 1750, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2114.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-038986","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3574432","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293808,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2114"}],"country":"China;India;Mongolia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 59.35,7.63 ], [ 59.35,52.15 ], [ 119.93,52.15 ], [ 119.93,7.63 ], [ 59.35,7.63 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"280","issue":"1750","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b2be4b082fed288b9a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hawkes, L.A.","contributorId":59551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkes","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balachandran, S.","contributorId":26891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balachandran","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Batbayar, N.","contributorId":47074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batbayar","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butler, P.J.","contributorId":55142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chua, B.","contributorId":74312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chua","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Frappell, P.B.","contributorId":68573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frappell","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hou, Y.","contributorId":98438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hou","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Milsom, W.K.","contributorId":32383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milsom","given":"W.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Newman, S. H.","contributorId":21888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Prosser, D.J. 0000-0002-5251-1799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":65185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sathiyaselvam, P.","contributorId":51015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sathiyaselvam","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Scott, G. R.","contributorId":61398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Natsagdorj, T.","contributorId":108324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Natsagdorj","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Wikelski, M.","contributorId":95188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wikelski","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Witt, M.J.","contributorId":94228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witt","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Yan, B.","contributorId":11739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Bishop, C.M.","contributorId":31103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70048593,"text":"70048593 - 2012 - Reoccurrence of 'Ōma'o in leeward woodland habitat and their distribution in alpine habitat on Hawai'i island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-06T12:32:38.787679","indexId":"70048593","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:57:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reoccurrence of 'Ōma'o in leeward woodland habitat and their distribution in alpine habitat on Hawai'i island","docAbstract":"<p><span>The endemic solitaire, 'Oma'o (Myadestes obscurus), is common in windward forests of Hawai'i Island, but has been historically extirpated from leeward forests. The last detections of 'Oma'o on the leeward side of the island were in woodland habitat on the western flank of Mauna Loa in 1978. 'Oma'o were detected in woodland habitat in relatively low densities during a 2010 forest bird survey of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. The source of the population is unknown. It is probable they originated from a documented but unsurveyed population of 'Oma'o in scrub alpine lava. Alternatively, the birds may have persisted undetected for nearly 35 years, or expanded from windward mesic forests on southeast Mauna Loa. There is no evidence 'Oma'o recolonized the wet mesic forests of leeward Mauna Loa. The 'Oma'o can occupy diverse native habitats compared to other species in the Hawai'i Myadestes genus, of which most species are now extinct. The connectivity of each population is not understood but we assume there are significant geographic, physiological, and behavioral barriers for scrub alpine and wet mesic forest populations. The expansion of 'Oma'o to leeward woodlands is encouraging as the species is Hawai'i Island's last native frugivore capable of dispersing small and medium sized seeds of rare angiosperms, and could have an important role in re-establishing ecosystem function.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/1559-4491-124.4.675","usgsCitation":"Judge, S.W., Gaudioso, J.M., Gorresen, P.M., and Camp, R., 2012, Reoccurrence of 'Ōma'o in leeward woodland habitat and their distribution in alpine habitat on Hawai'i island: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 124, no. 4, p. 675-681, https://doi.org/10.1676/1559-4491-124.4.675.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"675","endPage":"681","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038884","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160.27,18.91 ], [ -160.27,22.33 ], [ -154.81,22.33 ], [ -154.81,18.91 ], [ -160.27,18.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"124","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527cc493e4b0850ea050ceb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Judge, Seth W.","contributorId":8718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Judge","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaudioso, Jacqueline M.","contributorId":12316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaudioso","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gorresen, P. Marcos mgorresen@usgs.gov","contributorId":37020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P.","email":"mgorresen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marcos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Camp, Richard J.","contributorId":27392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70198384,"text":"70198384 - 2012 - Report on the reptiles of Upland Savai’i ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T13:36:57","indexId":"70198384","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:36:28","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Report on the reptiles of Upland Savai’i ","docAbstract":"<p>The reptile team conducted a 21 kilometre transect from the coast east of Asau to the uplands ending near Mauga Silisili at over 1720 m elevation. This transect covered the main habitats on Savai’i and allowed the team to determine where various reptile species and invasive species occurred across this elevational gradient. No previous reptile research had taken place on Savai’i above the elevation of A’opo Village. Limited sampling was also done around the Forestry Station in Asau. </p><p>The team detected 11 species of lizards during these surveys, which is the majority of species known from Samoa. Noticeably absent was the Pacific black skink (Emoia nigra), which is a dominant element of the Samoan lizard fauna. Also no individuals of the Pacific boa (Candoia bibroni) were detected despite the concentrated effort spent looking for them. One boa was detected by the avifauna team at their Site 1, by the TV tower on a log in a marsh. The invasive house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) was also not detected along the main transect, but was the most abundant gecko on buildings in Asau. </p><p>No reptiles were found above 1320 m elevation and most species were found significantly below there. Snakeeyed skinks (Cryptoblepharus poecilopleurus) were detected on Savai’i for the first time at Asau Getaway Resort then above the sawmill on the way to A’opo. Since western Savai’i is so poorly known for reptiles, this is the first time many of these species were recorded from this part of the island. </p><p>Surveys for invasive species detected mammalian species (cats, rats, and pigs) and invertebrate species (Yellow Crazy ants and Big-headed ants). The mammals were found at various sites along the transect, including high elevations. The ants were found at lower elevations along the transect, but the Yellow Crazy ants appear to be irrupting currently on Savai’i and were swamping our traps from sea level to 500 m elevation. </p><p>The low elevation lizard occurrences from sea level to 500 m appeared impaired by the invasive ants. Although habitat looked good in many places along the transect, certain species were rare or absent when the invasive ants were present, e.g. the Samoan skink (Emoia samoensis) which only occurred at elevations higher than the ants, whereas elsewhere in its range it occurs down to sea level. </p><p>Currently the uplands over 500 m are free of invasive ants. We know from Hawai’i that invasive ants occur to over 2,000 m elevation and are ecologically very destructive to native flora and fauna. There is an immediate need to try to stop this upward ant invasion to protect this at-risk ecosystem, and to study the intact system now prior to an invasion. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rapid biodiversity assessment of Upland Savai'i, Samoa","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP)","usgsCitation":"Fisher, R.N., and Uili, M., 2012, Report on the reptiles of Upland Savai’i , 23 p.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"83","ipdsId":"IP-070139","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356098,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cepf.net/sites/default/files/59745_technicalreport_rap_upland_savaii.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bf3d9f3e4b045bfcae0c9c1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Atherton, James","contributorId":210704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atherton","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751502,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jefferies, Bruce","contributorId":210705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jefferies","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":751503,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Uili, Moeumu","contributorId":206630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Uili","given":"Moeumu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37360,"text":"Division of Environment and Conservation Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Samoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70192533,"text":"70192533 - 2012 - Use of occupancy models to evaluate expert knowledge-based species-habitat relationships","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T13:06:14","indexId":"70192533","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":947,"text":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of occupancy models to evaluate expert knowledge-based species-habitat relationships","docAbstract":"<p><span>Expert knowledge-based species-habitat relationships are used extensively to guide conservation planning, particularly when data are scarce. Purported relationships describe the initial state of knowledge, but are rarely tested. We assessed support in the data for suitability rankings of vegetation types based on expert knowledge for three terrestrial avian species in the South Atlantic Coastal Plain of the United States. Experts used published studies, natural history, survey data, and field experience to rank vegetation types as optimal, suitable, and marginal. We used single-season occupancy models, coupled with land cover and Breeding Bird Survey data, to examine the hypothesis that patterns of occupancy conformed to species-habitat suitability rankings purported by experts. Purported habitat suitability was validated for two of three species. As predicted for the Eastern Wood-Pewee (</span><i>Contopus virens</i><span>) and Brown-headed Nuthatch (</span><i>Sitta pusilla</i><span>), occupancy was strongly influenced by vegetation types classified as “optimal habitat” by the species suitability rankings for nuthatches and wood-pewees. Contrary to predictions, Red-headed Woodpecker (</span><i>Melanerpes erythrocephalus</i><span>) models that included vegetation types as covariates received similar support by the data as models without vegetation types. For all three species, occupancy was also related to sampling latitude. Our results suggest that covariates representing other habitat requirements might be necessary to model occurrence of generalist species like the woodpecker. The modeling approach described herein provides a means to test expert knowledge-based species-habitat relationships, and hence, help guide conservation planning.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","doi":"10.5751/ACE-00551-070205","usgsCitation":"Iglecia, M.N., Collazo, J., and McKerrow, A., 2012, Use of occupancy models to evaluate expert knowledge-based species-habitat relationships: Avian Conservation and Ecology, v. 7, no. 2, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-00551-070205.","productDescription":"Article 5; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-029469","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38315,"text":"GAP Analysis Project","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-00551-070205","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6105a0e4b06e28e9c25585","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iglecia, Monica N.","contributorId":200933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iglecia","given":"Monica","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime A. 0000-0002-1816-7744 jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-7744","contributorId":173448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime A.","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKerrow, Alexa 0000-0002-8312-2905 amckerrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8312-2905","contributorId":127753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKerrow","given":"Alexa","email":"amckerrow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032280,"text":"70032280 - 2012 - Selection indicates preference in diverse habitats: A Ground-Nesting bird (charadrius melodus) using reservoir shoreline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032280","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selection indicates preference in diverse habitats: A Ground-Nesting bird (charadrius melodus) using reservoir shoreline","docAbstract":"Animals use proximate cues to select resources that maximize individual fitness. When animals have a diverse array of available habitats, those selected could give insights into true habitat preferences. Since the construction of the Garrison Dam on the Missouri River in North Dakota, Lake Sakakawea (SAK) has become an important breeding area for federally threatened piping plovers (Charadrius melodus; hereafter plovers). We used conditional logistic regression to examine nest-site selection at fine scales (1, 3, and 10 m) during summers 2006-2009 by comparing characteristics at 351 nests to those of 668 random sites within nesting territories. Plovers selected sites (1 m  2) that were lower than unused random sites, increasing the risk of nest inundation. Plovers selected nest sites that were flat, had little silt, and at least 1 cobble; they also selected for 3-m radius nest areas that were relatively flat and devoid of vegetation and litter. Ninety percent of nests had &lt;38% coverage of silt and &lt;10% slope at the site, and &lt;15% coverage of vegetation or litter and &lt;31% slope within the 3-m radius. Gravel was selected for at nest sites (11% median), but against in the area 10-m from the nest, suggesting plovers select for patches or strips of gravel. Although elevation is rarely evaluated in studies of ground-nesting birds, our results underscore its importance in habitat-selection studies. Relative to where plovers historically nested, habitat at SAK has more diverse topography, substrate composition, vegetation communities, and greater water-level fluctuations. Accordingly, our results provide an example of how habitat-selection results can be interpreted as habitat preferences because they are not influenced by desired habitats being scarce or absent. Further, our results will be useful for directing habitat conservation for plovers and interpreting other habitat-selection studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0030347","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Anteau, M., Sherfy, M., and Wiltermuth, M., 2012, Selection indicates preference in diverse habitats: A Ground-Nesting bird (charadrius melodus) using reservoir shoreline: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030347.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474675,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030347","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214665,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030347"},{"id":242410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ccbe4b08c986b318129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anteau, M.J.","contributorId":12807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherfy, M. H. 0000-0003-3016-4105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-4105","contributorId":42561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherfy","given":"M. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiltermuth, M.T.","contributorId":38791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltermuth","given":"M.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032224,"text":"70032224 - 2012 - Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T22:46:11.980694","indexId":"70032224","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">The effect of heavy metals from the Iron Mountain Mines (IMM) Superfund site on the upper Sacramento River is examined using data from water and bed sediment samples collected during 1996–97. Relative to surrounding waters, aluminum, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, thallium, zinc and the rare-earth elements (REE) were all present in high concentrations in effluent from Spring Creek Reservoir (SCR), which enters into the Sacramento River in the Spring Creek Arm of Keswick Reservoir. SCR was constructed in part to regulate the flow of acidic, metal-rich waters draining the IMM Superfund site. Although virtually all of these metals exist in SCR in the dissolved form, upon entering Keswick Reservoir they at least partially converted via precipitation and/or adsorption to the particulate phase. In spite of this, few of the metals settled out; instead the vast majority was transported colloidally down the Sacramento River at least to Bend Bridge, 67&nbsp;km from Keswick Dam.</p><p id=\"sp0010\">The geochemical influence of IMM on the upper Sacramento River was variable, chiefly dependent on the flow of Spring Creek. Although the average flow of the Sacramento River at Keswick Dam is 250&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>/s (cubic meters per second), even flows as low as 0.3&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>/s from Spring Creek were sufficient to account for more than 15% of the metals loading at Bend Bridge, and these proportions increased with increasing Spring Creek flow.</p><p id=\"sp0015\">The dissolved proportion of the total bioavailable load was dependent on the element but steadily decreased for all metals, from near 100% in Spring Creek to values (for some elements) of less than 1% at Bend Bridge; failure to account for the suspended sediment load in assessments of the effect of metals transport in the Sacramento River can result in estimates which are low by as much as a factor of 100.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.025","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Antweiler, R.C., Taylor, H.E., and Alpers, C.N., 2012, Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir: Chemical Geology, v. 298-299, p. 70-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.025.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214792,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.025"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.20068359374999,\n              40.317231732315236\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.72302246093749,\n              40.317231732315236\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.72302246093749,\n              41.47566020027821\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.20068359374999,\n              41.47566020027821\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.20068359374999,\n              40.317231732315236\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"298-299","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a028de4b0c8380cd500ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032246,"text":"70032246 - 2012 - A riverscape perspective of Pacific salmonids and aquatic habitats prior to large-scale dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T14:54:32","indexId":"70032246","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A riverscape perspective of Pacific salmonids and aquatic habitats prior to large-scale dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>&nbsp;Dam removal has been increasingly proposed as a river restoration technique. In 2011, two large hydroelectric dams will be removed from Washington State&rsquo;s Elwha River. Ten anadromous fish populations are expected to recolonise historical habitats after dam removal. A key to understanding watershed recolonisation is the collection of spatially continuous information on fish and aquatic habitats. A riverscape approach with an emphasis on biological data has rarely been applied in mid-sized, wilderness rivers, particularly in consecutive years prior to dam removal. Concurrent snorkel and habitat surveys were conducted from the headwaters to the mouth (rkm 65&ndash;0) of the Elwha River in 2007 and 2008. This riverscape approach characterised the spatial extent, assemblage structure and patterns of relative density of Pacific salmonids. The presence of dams influenced the longitudinal patterns of fish assemblages, and species richness was the highest downstream of the dams, where anadromous salmonids still have access. The percent composition of salmonids was similar in both years for rainbow trout,&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;(Walbaum), coastal cutthroat trout,&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii</i><span>&nbsp;(Richardson) (89%; 88%), Chinook salmon,&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span>&nbsp;(Walbaum) (8%; 9%), and bull trout,&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus confluentus</i><span>&nbsp;(Suckley) (3% in both years). Spatial patterns of abundance for rainbow and cutthroat trout (</span><i>r&nbsp;</i><span>=</span><i>&nbsp;</i><span>0.76) and bull trout (</span><i>r&nbsp;</i><span>=</span><i>&nbsp;</i><span>0.70) were also consistent between years. Multivariate and univariate methods detected differences in habitat structure along the river profile caused by natural and anthropogenic factors. The riverscape view highlighted species-specific biological hotspots and revealed that 60&ndash;69% of federally threatened bull trout occurred near or below the dams. Spatially continuous surveys will be vital in evaluating the effectiveness of upcoming dam removal projects at restoring anadromous salmonids.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00815.x","issn":"0969997X","usgsCitation":"Brenkman, S., Duda, J., Torgersen, C., Welty, E., Pess, G., Peters, R., and McHenry, M., 2012, A riverscape perspective of Pacific salmonids and aquatic habitats prior to large-scale dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington, USA: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 19, no. 1, p. 36-53, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00815.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science 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0000-0001-7431-8634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":105073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torgersen, C.E.","contributorId":34459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welty, E.","contributorId":56464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welty","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pess, G.R.","contributorId":33037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pess","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peters, R.","contributorId":51875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McHenry, M.L.","contributorId":29476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHenry","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032225,"text":"70032225 - 2012 - Planet-wide sand motion on mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T22:31:44.104658","indexId":"70032225","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planet-wide sand motion on mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>Prior to Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter data, images of Mars showed no direct evidence for dune and ripple motion. This was consistent with climate models and lander measurements indicating that winds of sufficient intensity to mobilize sand were rare in the low-density atmosphere. We show that many sand ripples and dunes across Mars exhibit movement of as much as a few meters per year, demonstrating that Martian sand migrates under current conditions in diverse areas of the planet. Most motion is probably driven by wind gusts that are not resolved in global circulation models. A past climate with a thicker atmosphere is only required to move large ripples that contain coarse grains.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G32373.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Bridges, N., Bourke, M., Geissler, P.E., Banks, M.E., Colon, C., Diniega, S., Golombek, M., Hansen, C., Mattson, S., McEwen, A.S., Mellon, M.T., Stantzos, N., and Thomson, B., 2012, Planet-wide sand motion on mars: Geology, v. 40, no. 1, p. 31-34, https://doi.org/10.1130/G32373.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"34","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214825,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G32373.1"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7bb3e4b0c8380cd7959a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, N.T.","contributorId":23673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bourke, M.C.","contributorId":59165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourke","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geissler, Paul E. pgeissler@usgs.gov","contributorId":2811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"Paul","email":"pgeissler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Banks, M. E.","contributorId":103476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Colon, C.","contributorId":46784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colon","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Diniega, S.","contributorId":37976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diniega","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Golombek, M.P.","contributorId":52696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hansen, C.J.","contributorId":72530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mattson, S.","contributorId":35450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mellon, M. T.","contributorId":82833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Stantzos, N.","contributorId":90125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stantzos","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Thomson, B.J.","contributorId":90936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70032294,"text":"70032294 - 2012 - The effect of diagenesis and fluid migration on rare earth element distribution in pore fluids of the northern Cascadia accretionary margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T13:32:35","indexId":"70032294","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of diagenesis and fluid migration on rare earth element distribution in pore fluids of the northern Cascadia accretionary margin","docAbstract":"Analytical challenges in obtaining high quality measurements of rare earth elements (REEs) from small pore fluid volumes have limited the application of REEs as deep fluid geochemical tracers. Using a recently developed analytical technique, we analyzed REEs from pore fluids collected from Sites U1325 and U1329, drilled on the northern Cascadia margin during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 311, to investigate the REE behavior during diagenesis and their utility as tracers of deep fluid migration. These sites were selected because they represent contrasting settings on an accretionary margin: a ponded basin at the toe of the margin, and the landward Tofino Basin near the shelf's edge. REE concentrations of pore fluid in the methanogenic zone at Sites U1325 and U1329 correlate positively with concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and alkalinity. Fractionations across the REE series are driven by preferential complexation of the heavy REEs. Simultaneous enrichment of diagenetic indicators (DOC and alkalinity) and of REEs (in particular the heavy elements Ho to Lu), suggests that the heavy REEs are released during particulate organic carbon (POC) degradation and are subsequently chelated by DOC. REE concentrations are greater at Site U1325, a site where shorter residence times of POC in sulfate-bearing redox zones may enhance REE burial efficiency within sulfidic and methanogenic sediment zones where REE release ensues.  Cross-plots of La concentrations versus Cl, Li and Sr delineate a distinct field for the deep fluids (z > 75 mbsf) at Site U1329, and indicate the presence of a fluid not observed at the other sites drilled on the Cascadia margin. Changes in REE patterns, the presence of a positive Eu anomaly, and other available geochemical data for this site suggest a complex hydrology and possible interaction with the igneous Crescent Terrane, located east of the drilled transect.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.10.010","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Kim, J., Torres, M.E., Haley, B.A., Kastner, M., Pohlman, J., Riedel, M., and Lee, Y., 2012, The effect of diagenesis and fluid migration on rare earth element distribution in pore fluids of the northern Cascadia accretionary margin: Chemical Geology, v. 291, p. 152-165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.10.010.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"165","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214915,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.10.010"},{"id":242675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada;United States","city":"Vancouver","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.001388888888888889 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.001388888888888889 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"291","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab1fe4b08c986b322c30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, Ji-Hoon","contributorId":105547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Ji-Hoon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torres, Marta E.","contributorId":33546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"Marta","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haley, Brian A.","contributorId":43996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haley","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kastner, Miriam","contributorId":24187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kastner","given":"Miriam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pohlman, John W.","contributorId":95288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Riedel, Michael","contributorId":7518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedel","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lee, Young-Joo","contributorId":82548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Young-Joo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032661,"text":"70032661 - 2012 - Climatic forcing of Quaternary deep-sea benthic communities in the North Pacific Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-21T16:54:18","indexId":"70032661","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3001,"text":"Paleobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic forcing of Quaternary deep-sea benthic communities in the North Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"There is growing evidence that changes in deep-sea benthic ecosystems are modulated by climate changes, but most evidence to date comes from the North Atlantic Ocean. Here we analyze new ostracod and published foraminiferal records for the last 250,000 years on Shatsky Rise in the North Pacific Ocean. Using linear models, we evaluate statistically the ability of environmental drivers (temperature, productivity, and seasonality of productivity) to predict changes in faunal diversity, abundance, and composition. These microfossil data show glacial-interglacial shifts in overall abundances and species diversities that are low during glacial intervals and high during interglacials. These patterns replicate those previously documented in the North Atlantic Ocean, suggesting that the climatic forcing of the deep-sea ecosystem is widespread, and possibly global in nature. However, these results also reveal differences with prior studies that probably reflect the isolated nature of Shatsky Rise as a remote oceanic plateau. Ostracod assemblages on Shatsky Rise are highly endemic but of low diversity, consistent with the limited dispersal potential of these animals. Benthic foraminifera, by contrast, have much greater dispersal ability and their assemblages at Shatsky Rise show diversities typical for deep-sea faunas in other regions. Statistical analyses also reveal ostracod-foraminferal differences in relationships between environmental drivers and biotic change. Rarefied diversity is best explained as a hump-shaped function of surface productivity in ostracods, but as having a weak and positive relationship with temperature in foraminifera. Abundance shows a positive relationship with both productivity and seasonality of productivity in foraminifera, and a hump-shaped relationship with productivity in ostracods. Finally, species composition in ostracods is influenced by both temperature and productivity, but only a temperature effect is evident in foraminifera. Though complex in detail, the global-scale link between deep-sea ecosystems and Quaternary climate changes underscores the importance of the interaction between the physical and biological components of paleoceanographical research for better understanding the history of the biosphere.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleobiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Paleontological Society","publisherLocation":"http://www.paleosoc.org/","doi":"10.1666/10068.1","issn":"00948373","usgsCitation":"Yasuhara, M., Hunt, G., Cronin, T.M., Hokanishi, N., Kawahata, H., Tsujimoto, A., and Ishitake, M., 2012, Climatic forcing of Quaternary deep-sea benthic communities in the North Pacific Ocean: Paleobiology, v. 38, no. 1, p. 162-179, https://doi.org/10.1666/10068.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"179","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213894,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/10068.1"},{"id":241562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 128.7,-85.6 ], [ 128.7,58.2 ], [ -66.5,58.2 ], [ -66.5,-85.6 ], [ 128.7,-85.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f666e4b0c8380cd4c737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yasuhara, Moriaki","contributorId":37935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasuhara","given":"Moriaki","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, G.","contributorId":97699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hokanishi, N.","contributorId":34331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hokanishi","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kawahata, H.","contributorId":90549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kawahata","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tsujimoto, Akira","contributorId":58448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsujimoto","given":"Akira","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ishitake, M.","contributorId":47988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishitake","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70038285,"text":"70038285 - 2012 - Wildlife forestry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T16:53:04.684489","indexId":"70038285","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"10","title":"Wildlife forestry","docAbstract":"<p>Wildlife forestry is management of forest resources, within sites and across landscapes, to provide sustainable, desirable habitat conditions for all forest-dependent (silvicolous) fauna while concurrently yielding economically viable, quality timber products. In practice, however, management decisions associated with wildlife forestry often reflect a desire to provide suitable habitat for rare species, species with declining populations, and exploitable (i.e., game) species. Collectively, these species are deemed priority species and they are assumed to benefit from habitat conditions that result from prescribed silvicultural management actions.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global perspectives on sustainable forest management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Intech","doi":"10.5772/34630","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D.J., 2012, Wildlife forestry, chap. 10 <i>of</i> Global perspectives on sustainable forest management, p. 161-190, https://doi.org/10.5772/34630.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"30","ipdsId":"IP-034378","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/34630","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0a9e4b072a7ac1298f7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Okia, Clement A.","contributorId":300258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Okia","given":"Clement","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":859739,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044847,"text":"70044847 - 2012 - SHRIMP U-Pb ages of xenotime and monazite from the Spar Lake red bed-associated Cu-Ag deposit, western Montana: Implications for ore genesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-09T12:05:26","indexId":"70044847","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SHRIMP U-Pb ages of xenotime and monazite from the Spar Lake red bed-associated Cu-Ag deposit, western Montana: Implications for ore genesis","docAbstract":"Xenotime occurs as epitaxial overgrowths on detrital zircons in the Mesoproterozoic Revett Formation (Belt Supergroup) at the Spar Lake red bed-associated Cu-Ag deposit, western Montana. The deposit formed during diagenesis of Revett strata, where oxidizing metal-bearing hydrothermal fluids encountered a reducing zone. Samples for geochronology were collected from several mineral zones. Xenotime overgrowths (1–30 μm wide) were found in polished thin sections from five ore and near-ore zones (chalcocite-chlorite, bornite-calcite, galena-calcite, chalcopyrite-ankerite, and pyrite-calcite), but not in more distant zones across the region. Thirty-two in situ SHRIMP U-Pb analyses on xenotime overgrowths yield a weighted average of <sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>206</sup>Pb ages of 1409 ± 8 Ma, interpreted as the time of mineralization. This age is about 40 to 60 m.y. after deposition of the Revett Formation. Six other xenotime overgrowths formed during a younger event at 1304 ± 19 Ma. Several isolated grains of xenotime have <sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>206</sup>Pb ages in the range of 1.67 to 1.51 Ga, and thus are considered detrital in origin. Trace element data can distinguish Spar Lake xenotimes of different origins. Based on in situ SHRIMP analysis, detrital xenotime has heavy rare earth elements-enriched patterns similar to those of igneous xenotime, whereas xenotime overgrowths of inferred hydrothermal origin have hump-shaped (i.e., middle rare earth elements-enriched) patterns. The two ages of hydrothermal xenotime can be distinguished by slightly different rare earth elements patterns. In addition, 1409 Ma xenotime overgrowths have higher Eu and Gd contents than the 1304 Ma overgrowths. Most xenotime overgrowths from the Spar Lake deposit have elevated As concentrations, further suggesting a genetic relationship between the xenotime formation and Cu-Ag mineralization.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Econimic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1251","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Hayes, T.S., Evans, K.V., Mazdab, F.K., Pillers, R.M., and Fanning, C., 2012, SHRIMP U-Pb ages of xenotime and monazite from the Spar Lake red bed-associated Cu-Ag deposit, western Montana: Implications for ore genesis: Economic Geology, v. 107, no. 6, p. 1251-1274, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1251.","startPage":"1251","endPage":"1274","numberOfPages":"24","ipdsId":"IP-020495","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272139,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272134,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1251"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.95,48.25 ], [ -115.95,48.27 ], [ -115.93,48.27 ], [ -115.93,48.25 ], [ -115.95,48.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"107","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518cc569e4b05ebc8f7cc152","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Timothy S. thayes@usgs.gov","contributorId":1547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Timothy","email":"thayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Karl V. kvevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Karl","email":"kvevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":476398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazdab, Frank K.","contributorId":37468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazdab","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pillers, Renee M. 0000-0003-4929-1569 rpillers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-1569","contributorId":2501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pillers","given":"Renee","email":"rpillers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fanning, C. Mark","contributorId":46814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanning","given":"C. Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70044436,"text":"70044436 - 2012 - Large submarine sand waves and gravel lag substrates on Georges Bank off Atlantic Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-31T11:45:34","indexId":"70044436","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"15","title":"Large submarine sand waves and gravel lag substrates on Georges Bank off Atlantic Canada","docAbstract":"<p>Georges Bank is a large, shallow, continental shelf feature offshore of New England and Atlantic Canada. The bank is mantled with a veneer of glacial debris transported during the late Pleistocene from continental areas lying to the north. These sediments were reworked by marine processes during postglacial sea-level transgression and continue to be modified by the modern oceanic regime. The surficial geology of the Canadian portion of the bank is a widespread gravel lag overlain in places by well sorted sand occurring as bedforms. The most widespread bedforms are large, mobile, asymmetrical sand waves up to 19 m in height formed through sediment transport by strong tidal-driven and possibly storm-driven currents. Well-defined curvilinear bedform crests up to 15 km long form a complex bifurcating pattern having an overall southwest&ndash;northeast strike, which is normal to the direction of the major axis of the semidiurnal tidal current ellipse. Minor fields of immobile, symmetrical sand waves are situated in bathymetric lows. Rare mobile, asymmetrical barchan dunes are lying on the gravel lag in areas of low sand supply. On Georges Bank, the management of resources and habitats requires an understanding of the distribution of substrate types, their surface dynamics and susceptibility to movement, and their associated fauna. <br /><br /></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seafloor geomorphology as benthic habitat: GeoHab atlas of seafloor geomorphic features and benthic habitats,","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-385140-6.00015-3","usgsCitation":"Todd, B., and Valentine, P.C., 2012, Large submarine sand waves and gravel lag substrates on Georges Bank off Atlantic Canada, chap. 15 <i>of</i> Seafloor geomorphology as benthic habitat: GeoHab atlas of seafloor geomorphic features and benthic habitats,, p. 261-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385140-6.00015-3.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"275","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025529","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Georges Bank","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -64.072265625,\n              44.10336537791152\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.14892578125,\n              43.36512572875844\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.972900390625,\n              43.30919109985686\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.48901367187499,\n              42.827638636242284\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.01611328125,\n              41.84501267270692\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.169921875,\n              41.37680856570233\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.862548828125,\n              40.6723059714534\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.324462890625,\n              40.538851525354666\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.5556640625,\n              40.65563874006118\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.599853515625,\n              41.00477542222949\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.77587890625,\n              42.52069952914966\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.75390625,\n              43.8899753738369\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.75390625,\n              44.11125397357153\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.072265625,\n              44.10336537791152\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","tableOfContents":"<p><br /><br /></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e57ab0e4b05561fa2086a5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Harris, Peter T","contributorId":147206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570762,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, E.K.","contributorId":50675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570763,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Todd, B.J.","contributorId":120970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Todd","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":517349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valentine, Page C. 0000-0002-0485-6266 pvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6266","contributorId":1947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Page","email":"pvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70190452,"text":"70190452 - 2012 - The principal rare earth elements deposits of the United States: A summary of domestic deposits and a global perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-01T08:54:07","indexId":"70190452","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The principal rare earth elements deposits of the United States: A summary of domestic deposits and a global perspective","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Demand for the rare earth elements (REE, lanthanide elements) is estimated to be increasing at a rate of about 8% per year due to increasing applications in consumer products, computers, automobiles, aircraft, and other advanced technology products. Much of this demand growth is driven by new technologies that increase energy efficiency and substitute away from fossil fuels. Production of these elements is highly concentrated in China, which is reducing its exports of REE raw materials as part of its industrial policy. The ability of the rest of the world to replace supply from China depends on the quality of known REE resources and the degree to which those resources have been explored and evaluated. A review of United States resources in a global context finds that the United States could make significant contributions to future REE production. Aside from two advanced projects in the United States and Australia, however, there are no REE projects advanced enough to meet short-term demand.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Non-renewable resource issues","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Vertaq","doi":"10.1007/978-90-481-8679-2_7","usgsCitation":"Long, K.R., Van Gosen, B.S., Foley, N.K., and Cordier, D., 2012, The principal rare earth elements deposits of the United States: A summary of domestic deposits and a global perspective, chap. <i>of</i> Non-renewable resource issues, p. 131-155, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8679-2_7.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"155","ipdsId":"IP-030633","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59aa71dbe4b0e9bde130d001","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Keith R. 0000-0002-6457-2820 klong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6457-2820","contributorId":2279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Keith","email":"klong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cordier, Daniel","contributorId":8210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordier","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045422,"text":"70045422 - 2012 - Ordovician of the Sauk megasequence in the Ozark region of northern Arkansas and parts of Missouri and adjacent states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-16T01:10:48.997294","indexId":"70045422","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":606,"text":"AAPG Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"chapter":"11","title":"Ordovician of the Sauk megasequence in the Ozark region of northern Arkansas and parts of Missouri and adjacent states","docAbstract":"<p>Exposures of Ordovician rocks of the Sauk megasequence in Missouri and northern Arkansas comprise Ibexian and lower Whiterockian carbonates with interspersed sandstones. Subjacent Cambrian strata are exposed in Missouri but confined to the subsurface in Arkansas. The Sauk-Tippecanoe boundary in this region is at the base of the St. Peter Sandstone. Ulrich and associates divided the Arkansas section into formations early in the 20th century, principally based on sparse collections of fossil invertebrates. In contrast, the distribution of invertebrate faunas and modern studies of conodonts will be emphasized throughout this chapter. Early workers considered many of the stratigraphic units to be separated by unconformities, but modern analysis calls into question the unconformable nature of some of their boundaries. The physical similarity of the several dolomites and sandstones, complex facies relations, and lack of continuous exposures make identification of individual formations difficult in isolated outcrops.</p>\n<p>The oldest formation that crops out in the region is the Jefferson City Dolomite, which may be present in outcrops along incised river valleys near the Missouri-Arkansas border. Rare fossil gastropods, bivalves, brachiopods, conodonts, and trilobites permit correlation of the Cotter through Powell Dolomites with Ibexian strata elsewhere in Laurentia. Conodonts in the Black Rock Limestone Member of the Smithville Formation and the upper part of the Powell Dolomite confirm regional relationships that have been suggested for these units; those of the Black Rock Limestone Member are consistent with deposition under more open marine conditions than existed when older and younger units were forming. Brachiopods and conodonts from the overlying Everton Formation assist in interpreting complex facies within that formation and its correlation to equivalent rocks elsewhere. The youngest conodonts in the Everton Formation provide an age limit for the Sauk-Tippecanoe unconformity near the southern extremity of the great American carbonate bank. The correlation to coeval strata in the Ouachita Mountains of central Arkansas and in the Arbuckle Mountains of Oklahoma and to rocks penetrated in wells drilled in the Reelfoot rift basin has been improved greatly in recent years by integration of biostratigraphic data with lithologic information.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The great American carbonate bank: The geology and economic resources of the Cambrian–Ordovician Sauk megasequence of Laurentia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/13331496M983496","usgsCitation":"Ethington, R.L., Repetski, J.E., and Derby, J.R., 2012, Ordovician of the Sauk megasequence in the Ozark region of northern Arkansas and parts of Missouri and adjacent states: AAPG Memoir, v. 98, p. 275-300, https://doi.org/10.1306/13331496M983496.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299311,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/memoir98/CHAPTER11/CHAPTER11.HTM"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.9658203125,\n              34.867904962568744\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.9658203125,\n              37.63163475580643\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.62646484375,\n              37.63163475580643\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.62646484375,\n              34.867904962568744\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.9658203125,\n              34.867904962568744\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516e64dae4b00154e4368b63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ethington, Raymond L.","contributorId":93507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ethington","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derby, James R.","contributorId":68207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13326,"text":"The University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044967,"text":"70044967 - 2012 - Ore genesis constraints on the Idaho Cobalt Belt from fluid inclusion gas, noble gas isotope, and ion ratio analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-10T15:05:07","indexId":"70044967","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ore genesis constraints on the Idaho Cobalt Belt from fluid inclusion gas, noble gas isotope, and ion ratio analyses","docAbstract":"<p>The Idaho cobalt belt is a 60-km-long alignment of deposits composed of cobaltite, Co pyrite, chalcopyrite, and gold with anomalous Nb, Y, Be, and rare-earth elements (REEs) in a quartz-biotite-tourmaline gangue hosted in Mesoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Lemhi Group. It is the largest cobalt resource in the United States with historic production from the Blackbird Mine. All of the deposits were deformed and metamorphosed to upper greenschist-lower amphibolite grade in the Cretaceous. They occur near a 1377 Ma anorogenic bimodal plutonic complex. The enhanced solubility of Fe, Co, Cu, and Au as chloride complexes together with gangue biotite rich in Fe and Cl and gangue quartz containing hypersaline inclusions allows that hot saline fluids were involved. The isotopes of B in gangue tourmaline are suggestive of a marine source, whereas those of Pb in ore suggest a U ± Th-enriched source.</p><p>The ore and gangue minerals in this belt may have trapped components in fluid inclusions that are distinct from those in post-ore minerals and metamorphic minerals. Such components can potentially be identified and distinguished by their relative abundances in contrasting samples. Therefore, we obtained samples of Co and Cu sulfides, gangue quartz, biotite, and tourmaline and post-ore quartz veins as well as Cretaceous metamorphic garnet and determined the gas, noble gas isotope, and ion ratios of fluid inclusion extracts by mass spectrometry and ion chromatography.</p><p>The most abundant gases present in extracts from each sample type are biased toward the gas-rich population of inclusions trapped during maximum burial and metamorphism. All have CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and N<sub>2</sub>/Ar ratios of evolved crustal fluids, and many yield a range of H<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>4</sub>-CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>S equilibration temperatures consistent with the metamorphic grade. Cretaceous garnet and post-ore minerals have high R<sub>H</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and R<sub>S</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values suggestive of reduced sulfidic conditions. Most extracts have anomalous<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>4</sup>He produced by decay of U and Th and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>38</sup>Ar produced by nucleogenic production from<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>41</sup>K. In contrast, some ore and gangue minerals yield significant SO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and have low R<sub>H</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and R<sub>S</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values of a more oxidized fluid. Three extracts from gangue quartz have high helium R/R<sub>A</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values indicative of a mantle source and neon isotope compositions that require nucleogenic production of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>22</sup>Ne in fluorite from U ± Th decay. Two extracts from gangue quartz have estimated<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>K/<sup>40</sup>Ar that permit a Precambrian age.</p><p>Extracts from gangue quartz in three different ore zones are biased toward the hypersaline population of inclusions and have a tight range of ion ratios (Na, K, NH<sub>4</sub>, Cl, Br, F) suggestive of a single fluid. Their Na, Cl, Br ratios suggest this fluid was a mixture of magmatic and basinal brine. Na-K-Ca temperatures (279°–347°C) are similar to homogenization temperatures of hypersaline inclusions. The high K/Na of the brine may be due to albitization of K silicate minerals in country rocks. Influx of K-rich brines is consistent with the K metasomatism necessary to form gangue biotite with high Cl. An extract from a post-ore quartz vein is distinct and has Na, Cl, Br ratios that resemble metamorphic fluids in Cretaceous silver veins of the Coeur d’Alene district in the Belt Basin.</p><p>The results show that in some samples, for certain components, it is possible to “see through” the Cretaceous metamorphic overprint. Of great import for genetic models, the volatiles trapped in gangue quartz have<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>He derived from a mantle source and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>22</sup>Ne derived from fluorite, both of which may be attributed to nearby ~1377 Ma basalt-rhyolite magmatism. The brine trapped in gangue quartz is a mixture of magmatic fluid and evaporated seawater. The former requires a granitic intrusion that is present in the bimodal intrusive complex, and the latter equatorial paleolatitudes that existed in the Mesoproterozoic. The results permit genetic models involving heat and fluids from the neighboring bimodal plutonic complex and convection of basinal brine in the Lemhi Group. While the inferred fluid sources in the Idaho cobalt belt are similar in many respects to those in iron oxide copper-gold deposits, the fluids were more reduced such that iron was fixed in biotite and tourmaline instead of iron oxides.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Littleton, CO","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1189","usgsCitation":"Hofstra, A.H., and Landis, G.P., 2012, Ore genesis constraints on the Idaho Cobalt Belt from fluid inclusion gas, noble gas isotope, and ion ratio analyses: Economic Geology, v. 107, no. 6, p. 1189-1205, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1189.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1189","endPage":"1205","numberOfPages":"17","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033500","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.508438,44.9784 ], [ -114.508438,45.124413 ], [ -114.077911,45.124413 ], [ -114.077911,44.9784 ], [ -114.508438,44.9784 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"107","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515bfdf7e4b075500ee5ca7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landis, Gary P.","contributorId":72405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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