A panel of leading experts (The Old Faithful Science Review Panel) was convened by Yellowstone National Park (YNP) to review and summarize the geological and hydrological understanding that can inform National Park Service management of the Upper Geyser Basin area. We give an overview of present geological and hydrological knowledge of the Old Faithful hydrothermal (hot water) system and related thermal areas in the Upper Geyser Basin. We prioritize avenues for improving our understanding of key knowledge gaps that limit informed decision-making regarding human use in this fragile natural landscape. Lastly, we offer guidelines to minimize impacts to the hydrothermal system that could be used to aid decisions by park management.
\nOld Faithful sits within the Upper Geyser Basin, an area of abundant hydrothermal activity where boiling waters extend from the surface to significant depth within glacial sediments and underlying volcanic rocks. The geyser systems are directly fed by waters recharged decades to millennia ago, which are surrounded by colder, younger waters. Activity of the geysers is controlled by complex subsurface plumbing with fractures and conduits separated by regions of low permeability. Observations over the past century indicate that the thermal areas and their features are both fragile and highly dynamic. Although Old Faithful has erupted regularly for the past 150 years, it exhibits changes in eruptive behavior over time, and the average interval between eruptions has increased by about 50 percent over the past 50 years. It is clear that human activity has modified the hydrothermal system in the past; conversely, natural features pose ongoing hazards to humans and human infrastructure.
\nCurrent (2014) long-term programs to measure heat discharge by chloride-flux monitoring, and more recently by thermal-infrared imaging, are crucial for assessing the status of the hydrothermal system. Complementary studies could include airborne resistivity, environmental tracers, numerical modeling, and greater emphasis on measuring the discharge of water during geyser eruptions. Such data are needed to better understand the subsurface plumbing systems that feed the geysers. Further understanding can be gained through installation of shallow groundwater observation wells, surface geophysical studies, and direct measurement of temperature gradients near the surface. It also is critical to archive existing data from all studies in a manner that will be readily accessible to scientists and decision makers. Monitoring and data collection can be achieved through the YNP geology program, by direct funding to other groups, or by encouraging and facilitating externally funded research.
\nThere are many documented examples at YNP and elsewhere where human infrastructure and natural thermal features have negatively affected each other. Unless action is taken, human conflicts with the Old Faithful hydrothermal system are likely to increase over the coming years. This is partly because of the increase in park visitation over the past decades, but also because the interval between eruptions of Old Faithful has increased, lengthening the time spent (and services needed) for each visitor at Old Faithful. To avoid an increase in visitor impacts, the National Park Service should consider 2 alternate strategies to accommodate people, vehicles, and services in the Upper Geyser Basin, such as shuttle services from staging (parking and dining) areas with little or no recent hydrothermal activity. We further suggest that YNP consider a zone system to guide maintenance and development of infrastructure in the immediate Old Faithful area. A “red” zone includes hydrothermally active land where new development is discouraged and existing infrastructure is modified with great care. An outer “green” zone represents areas where cooler temperatures and less hydrothermal flow are thought to exist, and where development and maintenance could proceed as occurs elsewhere in the park. An intermediate “yellow” zone would require preliminary assessment of subsurface temperatures and gas concentrations to assess suitability for infrastructure development. The panel recommends that YNP management follow the lead of the National Park System Advisory Board Science Committee (2012) by applying the “precautionary principle” when making decisions regarding the interaction of hydrothermal phenomena and park infrastructure in the Old Faithful area and other thermal areas within YNP.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141058","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the Yellowstone Park Foundation","usgsCitation":"Old Faithful Science Review Panel, Foley, D., Fournier, R.O., Heasler, H.P., Hinckley, B., Ingebritsen, S.E., Lowenstern, J.B., and Susong, D.D., 2014, Hydrogeology of the Old Faithful area, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, and its relevance to natural resources and infrastructure: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1058, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141058.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051536","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141058.jpg"},{"id":286286,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1058/"},{"id":286287,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1058/pdf/ofr2014-1058.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Old Faithful, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.875,44.45 ], [ -110.875,44.483333 ], [ -110.816667,44.483333 ], [ -110.816667,44.45 ], [ -110.875,44.45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517047e4b05569d805a260","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Old Faithful Science Review Panel","contributorId":128280,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Old Faithful Science Review Panel","id":535635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Duncan","contributorId":52076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Duncan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fournier, Robert O.","contributorId":73202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heasler, Henry P.","contributorId":65935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heasler","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hinckley, Bern","contributorId":52485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinckley","given":"Bern","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70100875,"text":"ofr20141073 - 2014 - Laharz_py: GIS tools for automated mapping of lahar inundation hazard zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-09T10:25:22","indexId":"ofr20141073","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-09T09:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1073","title":"Laharz_py: GIS tools for automated mapping of lahar inundation hazard zones","docAbstract":"Laharz_py is written in the Python programming language as a suite of tools for use in ArcMap Geographic Information System (GIS). Primarily, Laharz_py is a computational model that uses statistical descriptions of areas inundated by past mass-flow events to forecast areas likely to be inundated by hypothetical future events. The forecasts use physically motivated and statistically calibrated power-law equations that each has a form A = cV2/3, relating mass-flow volume (V) to planimetric or cross-sectional areas (A) inundated by an average flow as it descends a given drainage. Calibration of the equations utilizes logarithmic transformation and linear regression to determine the best-fit values of c. The software uses values of V, an algorithm for idenitifying mass-flow source locations, and digital elevation models of topography to portray forecast hazard zones for lahars, debris flows, or rock avalanches on maps. Laharz_py offers two methods to construct areas of potential inundation for lahars: (1) Selection of a range of plausible V values results in a set of nested hazard zones showing areas likely to be inundated by a range of hypothetical flows; and (2) The user selects a single volume and a confidence interval for the prediction. In either case, Laharz_py calculates the mean expected A and B value from each user-selected value of V. However, for the second case, a single value of V yields two additional results representing the upper and lower values of the confidence interval of prediction. Calculation of these two bounding predictions require the statistically calibrated prediction equations, a user-specified level of confidence, and t-distribution statistics to calculate the standard error of regression, standard error of the mean, and standard error of prediction. The portrayal of results from these two methods on maps compares the range of inundation areas due to prediction uncertainties with uncertainties in selection of V values. The Open-File Report document contains an explanation of how to install and use the software. The Laharz_py software includes an example data set for Mount Rainier, Washington. The second part of the documentation describes how to use all of the Laharz_py tools in an example dataset at Mount Rainier, Washington.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141073","usgsCitation":"Schilling, S.P., 2014, Laharz_py: GIS tools for automated mapping of lahar inundation hazard zones: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1073, Report: iv, 78 p.; Laharz_py example ZIP, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141073.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 78 p.; Laharz_py example ZIP","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043956","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285932,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141073.PNG"},{"id":285930,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1073/pdf/ofr2014-1073.pdf"},{"id":285912,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1073/"},{"id":285931,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1073/downloads/laharz_py_example.zip"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.258,46.160 ], [ -122.258,46.222 ], [ -122.130,46.222 ], [ -122.130,46.160 ], [ -122.258,46.160 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517051e4b05569d805a2f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, Steve P. sschilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steve","email":"sschilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70098414,"text":"ofr20141047 - 2014 - A brief test of the Hewlett-Packard MEMS seismic accelerometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-09T09:20:30","indexId":"ofr20141047","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-09T09:11:06","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1047","title":"A brief test of the Hewlett-Packard MEMS seismic accelerometer","docAbstract":"Testing was performed on a prototype of Hewlett-Packard (HP) Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) seismic accelerometer at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory. This prototype was built using discrete electronic components. The self-noise level was measured during low seismic background conditions and found to be 9.8 ng/√Hz at periods below 0.2 s (frequencies above 5 Hz). The six-second microseism noise was also discernible. The HP MEMS accelerometer was compared to a Geotech Model GS-13 reference seismometer during seismic noise and signal levels well above the self-noise of the accelerometer. Matching power spectral densities (corrected for accelerometer and seismometer responses to represent true ground motion) indicated that the HP MEMS accelerometer has a flat (constant) response to acceleration from 0.0125 Hz to at least 62.5 Hz. Tilt calibrations of the HP MEMS accelerometer verified that the flat response to acceleration extends to 0 Hz.
\n\nFuture development of the HP MEMS accelerometer includes replacing the discreet electronic boards with a low power application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and increasing the dynamic range of the sensor to detect strong motion signals above one gravitational acceleration, while maintaining the self-noise observed during these tests.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141047","usgsCitation":"Homeijer, B.D., Milligan, D.J., and Hutt, C.R., 2014, A brief test of the Hewlett-Packard MEMS seismic accelerometer: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1047, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141047.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053277","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141047.jpg"},{"id":285911,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1047/"},{"id":285926,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1047/pdf/ofr2014-1047.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd497be4b0b290850ef38b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Homeijer, Brian D.","contributorId":24685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homeijer","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milligan, Donald J.","contributorId":74674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milligan","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70095525,"text":"ofr20121024G - 2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Denver Basin, Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70095525,"text":"ofr20121024G - 2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Denver Basin, Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska","indexId":"ofr20121024G","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Denver Basin, Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T20:59:27.369307","indexId":"ofr20121024G","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-07T13:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1024","chapter":"G","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Denver Basin, Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska","docAbstract":"This is a report about the geologic characteristics of five storage assessment units (SAUs) within the Denver Basin of Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska. These SAUs are Cretaceous in age and include (1) the Plainview and Lytle Formations, (2) the Muddy Sandstone, (3) the Greenhorn Limestone, (4) the Niobrara Formation and Codell Sandstone, and (5) the Terry and Hygiene Sandstone Members. The described characteristics, as specified in the methodology, affect the potential carbon dioxide storage resource in the SAUs. The specific geologic and petrophysical properties of interest include depth to the top of the storage formation, average thickness, net-porous thickness, porosity, permeability, groundwater quality, and the area of structural reservoir traps. Descriptions of the SAU boundaries and the overlying sealing units are also included. Assessment results are not contained in this report; however, the geologic information included here will be used to calculate a statistical Monte Carlo-based distribution of potential storage volume in the SAUs.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources (Open-File Report 2012-1024)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121024G","usgsCitation":"Drake, R.M., Brennan, S.T., Covault, J.A., Blondes, M., Freeman, P., Cahan, S.M., DeVera, C.A., and Lohr, C., 2014, Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Denver Basin, Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1024, Report: vi, 17 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121024G.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 17 p.; Data Files","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051314","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/g/downloads/SAU_C5039.zip","text":"Storage Assessment Units","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":285836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121024G.jpg"},{"id":285834,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/g/downloads/Cell_C5039.zip","text":"Well Density","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":285832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/g/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285833,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/g/pdf/ofr2012-1024g.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.52 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Projection","country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Nebraska, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Denver Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.0,38.0 ], [ -107.0,43.0 ], [ -101.0,43.0 ], [ -101.0,38.0 ], [ -107.0,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517040e4b05569d805a21b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, Ronald M. II 0000-0002-1770-4667 rmdrake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-4667","contributorId":1353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Ronald","suffix":"II","email":"rmdrake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brennan, Sean T. 0000-0002-7102-9359 sbrennan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-9359","contributorId":559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Sean","email":"sbrennan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Covault, Jacob A.","contributorId":35951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covault","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blondes, Madalyn S. 0000-0003-0320-0107 mblondes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107","contributorId":3598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blondes","given":"Madalyn S.","email":"mblondes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freeman, P.A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":3154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"P.A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cahan, Steven M. 0000-0002-4776-3668 scahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4776-3668","contributorId":4529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahan","given":"Steven","email":"scahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DeVera, Christina A. 0000-0002-4691-6108 cdevera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-6108","contributorId":3845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVera","given":"Christina","email":"cdevera@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lohr, Celeste D. 0000-0001-6287-9047 clohr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-9047","contributorId":3866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohr","given":"Celeste D.","email":"clohr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70095800,"text":"ofr20141050 - 2014 - Projecting climate effects on birds and reptiles of the Southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:45:42","indexId":"ofr20141050","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-07T09:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1050","title":"Projecting climate effects on birds and reptiles of the Southwestern United States","docAbstract":"We modeled the current and future breeding ranges of seven bird and five reptile species in the Southwestern United States with sets of landscape, biotic (plant), and climatic global circulation model (GCM) variables.
\nFor modeling purposes, we used PRISM data to characterize the climate of the Western United States between 1980 and 2009 (baseline for birds) and between 1940 and 2009 (baseline for reptiles). In contrast, we used a pre-selected set of GCMs that are known to be good predictors of southwestern climate (five individual and one ensemble GCM), for the A1B emission scenario, to characterize future climatic conditions in three time periods (2010–39; 2040–69; and, 2070–99).
\nOur modeling approach relied on conceptual models for each target species to inform selection of candidate explanatory variables and to interpret the ecological meaning of developed probabilistic distribution models. We employed logistic regression and maximum entropy modeling techniques to create a set of probabilistic models for each target species.
\nWe considered climatic, landscape, and plant variables when developing and testing our probabilistic models. Climatic variables included the maximum and minimum mean monthly and seasonal temperature and precipitation for three time periods. Landscape features included terrain ruggedness and insolation. We also considered plant species distributions as candidate explanatory variables where prior ecological knowledge implicated a strong association between a plant and animal species.
\nProjected changes in range varied widely among species, from major losses to major gains.
\nBreeding bird ranges exhibited greater expansions and contractions than did reptile species.
\nWe project range losses for Williamson’s sapsucker and pygmy nuthatch of a magnitude that could move these two species close to extinction within the next century. Although both species currently have a relatively limited distribution, they can be locally common, and neither are presently considered candidates for prospective endangerment.
\nWe project range losses of over 40 percent, from its current extent of occurrence, for the plateau striped whiptail, Arizona black rattlesnake, and common lesser earless lizard. Currently, these reptile species are thought to be common or at least locally abundant throughout their ranges.
\nThe total contribution of plants in each distribution model was very small, but models that contained at least one plant always outperformed models with only physical variables (climatic or landscape). The magnitude of change in projected range increased further into the future, especially when a plant was in the model.
\nAmong bird species, those that had the strongest association with a landscape feature during the breeding season, such as terrain ruggedness and insolation, exhibited the smallest contractions in projected breeding range in the future. In contrast, bird species that had weak associations with landscape features, but strong climatic associations, suffered the greatest breeding range contractions. Thus, landscape effects appeared to buffer some of the negative effects of climate change for some species.
\nAmong bird species, magnitude of change in projected breeding range was positively related to the annual average temperature of their baseline distribution, thus species with the warmest breeding ranges exhibited the greatest changes in future breeding ranges. This pattern was not evident for reptiles, but might exist if additional species were included in the model.
\nOur results provide managers with a series of projected range maps that will enable scientists, concerned citizens, and wildlife managers to identify what the potential effects of climate change will be on bird and reptile distributions in the Western United States. We hope that our results can be used in proactive ways to mitigate some of the potential effects of climate change on selected species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141050","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"van Riper, C., Hatten, J.R., Giermakowski, J.T., Mattson, D., Holmes, J., Johnson, M.J., Nowak, E., Ironside, K., Peters, M., Heinrich, P., Cole, K., Truettner, C., and Schwalbe, C.R., 2014, Projecting climate effects on birds and reptiles of the Southwestern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1050, x, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141050.","productDescription":"x, 100 p.","numberOfPages":"112","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040401","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285758,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141050.jpg"},{"id":285757,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1050/pdf/ofr2014-1050.pdf"},{"id":285756,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1050/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau;Sonoran Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.88,29.35 ], [ -124.88,49.0 ], [ -102.04,49.0 ], [ -102.04,29.35 ], [ -124.88,29.35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351705ce4b05569d805a37b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatten, James R. 0000-0003-4676-8093 jhatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-8093","contributorId":3431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"James","email":"jhatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giermakowski, J. Tomasz","contributorId":98630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giermakowski","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Tomasz","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mattson, David","contributorId":75047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holmes, Jennifer A.","contributorId":86437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Matthew J. mjjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Matthew","email":"mjjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27989,"text":"Colorado Plateau Research Station, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":491447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nowak, Erika M.","contributorId":14062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"Erika M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ironside, Kirsten","contributorId":19808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ironside","given":"Kirsten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Peters, Michael","contributorId":35643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Heinrich, Paul","contributorId":63308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinrich","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cole, K.L.","contributorId":87507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Truettner, C.","contributorId":7615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truettner","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Schwalbe, Cecil R. cschwalbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":3077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"Cecil","email":"cschwalbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70100419,"text":"ofr20141069 - 2014 - Post-release behavior and movement patterns of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) after capture using alternative commercial fish gear, lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T10:16:48","indexId":"ofr20141069","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-04T13:16:13","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1069","title":"Post-release behavior and movement patterns of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) after capture using alternative commercial fish gear, lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, 2013","docAbstract":"Commercial salmon Oncorhynchus spp. fishers traditionally have used gill nets, and more recently tangle nets, to capture adult salmon in the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, but these gear types are not selective and can result in unintentional injury or death to non-target species, which is a problem when wild or Endangered Species Act-listed salmon are present. Gill and tangle nets capture fish through physical retention. Gill nets have mesh sizes that are slightly larger than the diameter of the head of the target species so that a fish moving through the net becomes entangled behind its operculum. Tangle nets have mesh sizes that are smaller than the diameter of the head of the target species so that a fish becomes entangled by its teeth or jaw. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) has been evaluating Merwin traps, beach seines, and purse seines during the past decade to determine if these are viable alternative commercial fishing gear types that would reduce negative effects to non-target fish, including wild salmon. As opposed to gill and tangle nets, these alternative gear types capture fish without physical restraint. The nets encircle the area where a fish or school of fish is located and eliminate the ability of those fish to escape. Because fish are not physically restrained by the gear, it is believed that the likelihood of injury and death would be reduced, allowing the safe release of non-target fish.
\nIn 2011 and 2012, WDFW conducted post-release mortality studies of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) that were captured using beach or purse seines. These studies were comprised of two groups of fish tagged with passive integrated transponder tags (PIT tags): (1) treatment fish that were captured by one of the gear types 9–25 river kilometers (rkm) downstream of Bonneville Dam (rkm 234); and (2) control fish that were captured at the Adult Fish Facility near the Washington shore fish ladder at Bonneville Dam, and then transported and released 8 rkm downstream of the Bonneville Dam. Fish were confirmed to have survived if they moved upstream and were detected on PIT-tag antennas at or upstream of Bonneville Dam, were recovered at hatcheries or at the dam, or were captured by commercial or sport fishers. Post-release survival estimates were higher for steelhead (89–98 percent) than for Chinook salmon and coho salmon (50–90 percent; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, unpub. data, 2014). However, some Chinook salmon and coho salmon return to hatcheries, or spawn in the mainstem Columbia River and in tributaries downstream of Bonneville Dam. The proportion of Chinook salmon and coho salmon in the treatment group that were destined for areas downstream of Bonneville Dam likely was higher than in the control group because the control fish were collected as they were attempting to pass the dam. If this assertion was true, mortality would have been overestimated in these studies, so WDFW developed a study plan to determine the post-release movements and intended location of Chinook salmon and coho salmon collected with beach and purse seines in the lower Columbia River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141069","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T.L., Kock, T.J., Evans, S.D., Hansen, G.S., and Rondorf, D.W., 2014, Post-release behavior and movement patterns of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) after capture using alternative commercial fish gear, lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1069, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141069.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054420","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141069.jpg"},{"id":285719,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1069/"},{"id":285720,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1069/pdf/ofr2014-1069.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.31 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.4,45.3 ], [ -122.4,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -121.5,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -121.5,45.3 ], [ -122.4,45.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351705ae4b05569d805a36a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Scott D. 0000-0003-0452-7726 sdevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7726","contributorId":4408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Scott","email":"sdevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, Gabriel S. 0000-0001-6272-3632 ghansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6272-3632","contributorId":3422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Gabriel","email":"ghansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70099787,"text":"ofr20141064 - 2014 - Noble gas isotopes in mineral springs within the Cascadia Forearc, Washington and Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-29T22:47:49.297952","indexId":"ofr20141064","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-04T08:03:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1064","title":"Noble gas isotopes in mineral springs within the Cascadia Forearc, Washington and Oregon","docAbstract":"This U.S. Geological Survey report presents laboratory analyses along with field notes for a pilot study to document the relative abundance of noble gases in mineral springs within the Cascadia forearc of Washington and Oregon. Estimates of the depth to the underlying Juan de Fuca oceanic plate beneath the sample sites are derived from the McCrory and others (2012) slab model. Some of these springs have been previously sampled for chemical analyses (Mariner and others, 2006), but none currently have publicly available noble gas data. Helium isotope values as well as the noble gas values and ratios presented below will be used to determine the sources and mixing history of these mineral waters.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141064","usgsCitation":"McCrory, P.A., Constantz, J., and Hunt, A.G., 2014, Noble gas isotopes in mineral springs within the Cascadia Forearc, Washington and Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1064, Report: iv, 20 p.; Tables 1-8, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141064.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.; Tables 1-8","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052802","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285666,"rank":10,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/"},{"id":285676,"rank":11,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141064.GIF"},{"id":285675,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/downloads/ofr2014-1064_Table8_Wilhoit.xlsx"},{"id":285674,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/downloads/ofr2014-1064_Table7_Sodaville.xlsx"},{"id":285673,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/downloads/ofr2014-1064_Table6_Cascadia.xlsx"},{"id":285669,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/downloads/ofr2014-1064_Table2_Olympic.xlsx"},{"id":285672,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/downloads/ofr2014-1064_Table5_Boswell.xlsx"},{"id":285671,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/downloads/ofr2014-1064_Table4_Pigeon.xlsx"},{"id":285670,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/downloads/ofr2014-1064_Table3_JacksonPrairie.xlsx"},{"id":285668,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/downloads/ofr2014-1064_Table1_SolDuc.xlsx"},{"id":285667,"rank":9,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1064/pdf/ofr2014-1064.pdf"}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -132.0,39.0 ], [ -132.0,52.0 ], [ -120.0,52.0 ], [ -120.0,39.0 ], [ -132.0,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517057e4b05569d805a345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCrory, Patricia A. 0000-0003-2471-0018 pmccrory@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-0018","contributorId":2728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrory","given":"Patricia","email":"pmccrory@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constantz, James E. 0000-0002-4062-2096 jconstan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-2096","contributorId":1962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"James E.","email":"jconstan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70100588,"text":"ofr20141072 - 2014 - Distribution and extent of heavy metal accumulation in Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia), upper Santa Cruz River watershed, southern Arizona, 2011-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:44:29","indexId":"ofr20141072","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-03T15:13:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1072","title":"Distribution and extent of heavy metal accumulation in Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia), upper Santa Cruz River watershed, southern Arizona, 2011-12","docAbstract":"Riparian ecosystems in arid environments provide critical habitat for breeding, migratory, and wintering birds, yet are often at risk of contamination by heavy metals. Birds and other animals living in contaminated areas are susceptible to adverse health effects as a result of long-term exposure and bioaccumulation of heavy metals. We investigated the distribution and cascading extent of heavy metal accumulation in Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) in Arizona’s upper Santa Cruz River watershed. This study had three goals: (1) quantify the degree of heavy metal accumulation in sparrows and determine the distributional patterns among study sites, (2) compare concentrations of metals found in this study to those found in studies performed prior to the 2009 international wastewater treatment plant upgrade, and (3) assess sparrow condition among sites with differing potential sources of contamination exposure.
\nWe examined six study sites that reflected different potential sources of contamination. Hematocrit values, body mass residuals, and leukocyte counts were used to assess sparrow condition. Cadmium, copper, mercury, nickel, and selenium exceeded background concentrations at some sites, but generally were lower than or similar to concentrations found in earlier studies performed prior to the 2009 international wastewater treatment plant upgrade. Concentrations were higher in recaptured birds in 2012 than in 2011 for 7 metals in feathers and 14 metals in blood, suggesting possible bioaccumulation. We found no cascading effects as a result of heavy metal exposure, but did find that heavy metal concentrations were reduced following the 2009 international wastewater treatment plant upgrade.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141072","usgsCitation":"Lester, M.B., and van Riper, C., 2014, Distribution and extent of heavy metal accumulation in Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia), upper Santa Cruz River watershed, southern Arizona, 2011-12: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1072, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141072.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044428","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141072.GIF"},{"id":285658,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1072/pdf/ofr2014-1072.pdf"},{"id":285656,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1072/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Upper Santa Cruz River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.1487,31.2486 ], [ -111.1487,31.7001 ], [ -110.3996,31.7001 ], [ -110.3996,31.2486 ], [ -111.1487,31.2486 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517034e4b05569d805a1c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lester, Michael B.","contributorId":92170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lester","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70049065,"text":"ofr20131268 - 2014 - Airborne geophysical surveys conducted in western Nebraska, 2010: contractor reports and data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-06T13:02:59","indexId":"ofr20131268","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-03T08:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1268","title":"Airborne geophysical surveys conducted in western Nebraska, 2010: contractor reports and data","docAbstract":"This report contains three contractor reports and data files for an airborne electromagnetic survey flown from June 28 to July 7, 2010. The first report; “SkyTEM Survey: Nebraska, USA, Data” describes data aquisition and processing from a time-domain electromagnetic and magnetic survey performed by SkyTEM Canada, Inc. (the North American SkyTEM subsidiary), in western Nebraska, USA. Digital data for this report are given in Appendix 1. The airborne geophysical data from the SkyTEM survey subsequently were processed and inverted by Aarhus Geophysics ApS, Aarhus, Denmark, to produce resistivity depth sections along each flight line. The result of that processing is described in two reports presented in Appendix 2, “Processing and inversion of SkyTEM data from USGS Area UTM–13” and “Processing and inversion of SkyTEM data from USGS Area UTM–14.”
\nFunding for these surveys was provided by the North Platte Natural Resources District, the South Platte Natural Resources District, and the Twin Platte Natural Resources District, in Scottsbluff, Sidney, and North Platte, Nebraska, respectively. Any additional information concerning the geophysical data may be obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver Colorado.
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In 2002 and 2004 U.S. Geological Survey investigators measured soil properties including, but not limited to, bulk density, volumetric water content, carbon content, and nitrogen content from samples obtained from these sites. Stand properties, such as tree density, the amount of woody debris, and understory vegetation, were also measured and are presented in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141049","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Manies, K.L., Harden, J.W., and Holingsworth, T.N., 2014, Soils, vegetation, and woody debris data from the 2001 Survey Line fire and a comparable unburned site, Tanana Flats region, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1049, Report: iii, 20 p.; Tanana soil data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141049.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 20 p.; Tanana soil data","numberOfPages":"25","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-044961","costCenters":[{"id":556,"text":"Soil Carbon Research","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141049.PNG"},{"id":285311,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1049/pdf/ofr2014-1049.pdf"},{"id":283481,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1049/"},{"id":285312,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1049/downloads/ofr2014-1049_data.zip"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tanana Flats;Tanana River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -148.422256,64.63788 ], [ -148.422256,64.710289 ], [ -148.188102,64.710289 ], [ -148.188102,64.63788 ], [ -148.422256,64.63788 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517064e4b05569d805a3c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holingsworth, Teresa N.","contributorId":47290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holingsworth","given":"Teresa","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70095143,"text":"ofr20141041 - 2014 - Measurements of slope currents and internal tides on the Continental Shelf and slope off Newport Beach, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-31T15:11:50","indexId":"ofr20141041","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-31T15:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1041","title":"Measurements of slope currents and internal tides on the Continental Shelf and slope off Newport Beach, California","docAbstract":"An array of seven moorings housing current meters and oceanographic sensors was deployed for 6 months at 5 sites on the Continental Shelf and slope off Newport Beach, California, from July 2011 to January 2012. Full water-column profiles of currents were acquired at all five sites, and a profile of water-column temperature was also acquired at two of the five sites for the duration of the deployment. In conjunction with this deployment, the Orange County Sanitation District deployed four bottom platforms with current meters on the San Pedro Shelf, and these meters provided water-column profiles of currents. The data from this program will provide the basis for an investigation of the interaction between the deep water flow over the slope and the internal tide on the Continental Shelf.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141041","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Rosenberger, K.J., Noble, M.A., and Norris, B., 2014, Measurements of slope currents and internal tides on the Continental Shelf and slope off Newport Beach, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1041, vi, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141041.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046072","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141041.jpg"},{"id":285155,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1041/"},{"id":285156,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1041/pdf/ofr2014-1041.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Newport Beach","otherGeospatial":"Continental Shelf;Orange County Sanitation District;San Pedro Shelf","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.0,33.5 ], [ -118.0,33.633333 ], [ -117.8,33.633333 ], [ -117.8,33.5 ], [ -118.0,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517054e4b05569d805a31b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J. krosenberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt","email":"krosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, Marlene A. mnoble@usgs.gov","contributorId":1429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","email":"mnoble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norris, Benjamin","contributorId":65001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70095234,"text":"ofr20131020 - 2014 - High-resolution geophysical data collected aboard the U.S. Geological Survey research vessel Rafael to supplement existing datasets from Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-28T13:46:51","indexId":"ofr20131020","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-28T13:34:34","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1020","title":"High-resolution geophysical data collected aboard the U.S. Geological Survey research vessel Rafael to supplement existing datasets from Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Geophysical and geospatial data were collected in Buzzards Bay, in the shallow-water areas of Vineyard Sound, and in the nearshore areas off the eastern Elizabeth Islands and northern coast of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, on the U.S. Geological Survey research vessel Rafael between 2007 and 2011, in a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management. This report describes results of this collaborative effort, which include mapping the geology of the inner shelf zone of the Elizabeth Islands and the sand shoals of Vineyard Sound and studying geologic processes that contribute to the evolution of this area. Data collected during these surveys include: bathymetry, acoustic backscatter, seismic-reflection profiles, sound velocity profiles, and navigation. 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, David S. 0000-0003-1205-0884 dfoster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-0884","contributorId":1320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"David","email":"dfoster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70094158,"text":"ofr20141004 - 2014 - Coalbed natural gas exploration, drilling activities, and geologic test results, 2007-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-01T08:17:23","indexId":"ofr20141004","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-28T11:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1004","title":"Coalbed natural gas exploration, drilling activities, and geologic test results, 2007-2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in partnership with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, the North Slope Borough, and the Arctic Slope Regional Corporation conducted a four-year study designed to identify, define, and delineate a shallow coalbed natural gas (CBNG) resource with the potential to provide locally produced, affordable power to the community of Wainwright, Alaska. From 2007 through 2010, drilling and testing activities conducted at three sites in or near Wainwright, identified and evaluated an approximately 7.5-ft-thick, laterally continuous coalbed that contained significant quantities of CBNG. This coalbed, subsequently named the Wainwright coalbed, was penetrated at depths ranging from 1,167 ft to 1,300 ft below land surface. Core samples were collected from the Wainwright coalbed at all three drill locations and desorbed-gas measurements were taken from seventeen 1-ft-thick sections of the core. These measurements indicate that the Wainwright coalbed contains enough CBNG to serve as a long-term energy supply for the community.
\n\nAlthough attempts to produce viable quantities of CBNG from the Wainwright coalbed proved unsuccessful, it seems likely that with proper well-field design and by utilizing currently available drilling and reservoir stimulation techniques, this CBNG resource could be developed as a long-term economically viable energy source for Wainwright.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141004","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.C., 2014, Coalbed natural gas exploration, drilling activities, and geologic test results, 2007-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1004, Report: vi, 65 p.; Plate 1: 63 p.; Plate 2: 29.34 x 47.42 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141004.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 65 p.; Plate 1: 63 p.; Plate 2: 29.34 x 47.42 inches","numberOfPages":"71","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050928","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141004.jpg"},{"id":285095,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1004/pdf/of2014-1004.pdf"},{"id":285096,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1004/downloads/of2014-1004_plate1.pdf"},{"id":285097,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1004/downloads/of2014-1004_plate2.pdf"},{"id":285094,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1004/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Wainwright","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160.106,70.611 ], [ -160.106,70.685 ], [ -159.809,70.685 ], [ -159.809,70.611 ], [ -160.106,70.611 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351702ee4b05569d805a19a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Arthur C. aclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":2320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Arthur","email":"aclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":490486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70099932,"text":"ofr20141065 - 2014 - Preliminary interpretation of pre-2014 landslide deposits in the vicinity of Oso, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T15:30:08.282033","indexId":"ofr20141065","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-27T16:12:50","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1065","title":"Preliminary interpretation of pre-2014 landslide deposits in the vicinity of Oso, Washington","docAbstract":"High-resolution topographic surveys allow fairly precise mapping of landslide deposits and their relative ages. Relative ages are determined by cross-cutting relations and the amount of smoothing—more smoothed slide deposits are older—of these deposits. The Tulalip Tribes, in partnership with the Puget Sound Lidar Consortium, acquired a high-resolution lidar (light detection and ranging) survey of the North Fork Stillaguamish River valley in 2013. This report presents a preliminary interpretation of the topography of this area using the lidar data at a scale of 1:24,000.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141065","usgsCitation":"Haugerud, R.A., 2014, Preliminary interpretation of pre-2014 landslide deposits in the vicinity of Oso, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1065, Report: 4 pages; GIS Data Zip File, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141065.","productDescription":"Report: 4 pages; GIS Data Zip File","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055838","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417505,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_99750.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285073,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1065/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285075,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1065/pdf/ofr2014-1065.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285077,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141065.png"},{"id":285076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1065/downloads/ofr2014-1065_GIS.zip"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Oso","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.940536,48.258349 ], [ -121.940536,48.297727 ], [ -121.880529,48.297727 ], [ -121.880529,48.258349 ], [ -121.940536,48.258349 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351705be4b05569d805a371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haugerud, Ralph A. 0000-0001-7302-4351 rhaugerud@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-4351","contributorId":2691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugerud","given":"Ralph","email":"rhaugerud@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70073968,"text":"ofr20141003 - 2014 - Hydrologic Drought Decision Support System (HyDroDSS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-27T14:22:43","indexId":"ofr20141003","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-27T14:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1003","title":"Hydrologic Drought Decision Support System (HyDroDSS)","docAbstract":"The hydrologic drought decision support system (HyDroDSS) was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board (RIWRB) for use in the analysis of hydrologic variables that may indicate the risk for streamflows to be below user-defined flow targets at a designated site of interest, which is defined herein as data-collection site on a stream that may be adversely affected by pumping. Hydrologic drought is defined for this study as a period of lower than normal streamflows caused by precipitation deficits and (or) water withdrawals. The HyDroDSS is designed to provide water managers with risk-based information for balancing water-supply needs and aquatic-habitat protection goals to mitigate potential effects of hydrologic drought.
\nThis report describes the theory and methods for retrospective streamflow-depletion analysis, rank correlation analysis, and drought-projection analysis. All three methods are designed to inform decisions made by drought steering committees and decisionmakers on the basis of quantitative risk assessment. All three methods use estimates of unaltered streamflow, which is the measured or modeled flow without major withdrawals or discharges, to approximate a natural low-flow regime.
\nRetrospective streamflow-depletion analysis can be used by water-resource managers to evaluate relations between withdrawal plans and the potential effects of withdrawal plans on streams at one or more sites of interest in an area. Retrospective streamflow-depletion analysis indicates the historical risk of being below user-defined flow targets if different pumping plans were implemented for the period of record. Retrospective streamflow-depletion analysis also indicates the risk for creating hydrologic drought conditions caused by use of a pumping plan. Retrospective streamflow-depletion analysis is done by calculating the net streamflow depletions from withdrawals and discharges and applying these depletions to a simulated record of unaltered streamflow.
\nRank correlation analysis in the HyDroDSS indicates the persistence of hydrologic measurements from month to month for the prediction of developing hydrologic drought conditions and quantitatively indicates which hydrologic variables may be used to indicate the onset of hydrologic drought conditions. Rank correlation analysis also indicates the potential use of each variable for estimating the monthly minimum unaltered flow at a site of interest for use in the drought-projection analysis. Rank correlation analysis in the HyDroDSS is done by calculating Spearman’s rho for paired samples and the 95-percent confidence limits of this rho value. Rank correlation analysis can be done by using precipitation, groundwater levels, measured streamflows, and estimated unaltered streamflows. Serial correlation analysis, which indicates relations between current and future values, can be done for a single site. Cross correlation analysis, which indicates relations among current values at one site and current and future values at a second site, also can be done.
\nDrought-projection analysis in the HyDroDSS indicates the risk for being in a hydrologic drought condition during the current month and the five following months with and without pumping. Drought-projection analysis also indicates the potential effectiveness of water-conservation methods for mitigating the effect of withdrawals in the coming months on the basis of the amount of depletion caused by different pumping plans and on the risk of unaltered flows being below streamflow targets. Drought-projection analysis in the HyDroDSS is done with Monte Carlo methods by using the position analysis method. In this method the initial value of estimated unaltered streamflows is calculated by correlation to a measured hydrologic variable (monthly precipitation, groundwater levels, or streamflows from an index station identified with the rank correlation analysis). Then a pseudorandom number generator is used to create 251 six-month-long flow traces by using a bootstrap method. Serial correlation of the estimated unaltered monthly minimum streamflows determined from the rank correlation analysis is preserved within each flow trace. The sample of unaltered streamflows indicates the risk of being below flow targets in the coming months under simulated natural conditions (without historic withdrawals). The streamflow-depletion algorithms are then used to estimate risks of flow being below targets if selected pumping plans are used.
\nThis report also describes the implementation of the HyDroDSS. The HyDroDSS was developed as a Microsoft Access® database application to facilitate storage, handling, and use of hydrologic datasets with a simple graphical user interface. The program is implemented in the database by using the Visual Basic for Applications® (VBA) programming language. Program source code for the analytical techniques is provided in the HyDroDSS and in electronic text files accompanying this report. Program source code for the graphical user interface and for data-handling code, which is specific to Microsoft Access® and the HyDroDSS, is provided in the database. An installation package with a run-time version of the software is available with this report for potential users who do not have a compatible copy of Microsoft Access®. Administrative rights are needed to install this version of the HyDroDSS.
\nA case study, to demonstrate the use of HyDroDSS and interpretation of results for a site of interest, is detailed for the USGS streamgage on the Hunt River (station 01117000) near East Greenwich in central Rhode Island. The Hunt River streamgage was used because it has a long record of streamflow and is in a well-studied basin with a substantial amount of hydrologic and water-use data including groundwater pumping for municipal water supply.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Granato, G., 2014, Hydrologic Drought Decision Support System (HyDroDSS): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1003, Report: x, 91 p.; Make CD by ISO package, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141003.","productDescription":"Report: x, 91 p.; Make CD by ISO package","numberOfPages":"118","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042923","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141003.jpg"},{"id":285059,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1003/ofr2014-1003_CDROM.iso"},{"id":285057,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1003/"},{"id":285058,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1003/pdf/ofr2014-1003.pdf"}],"projection":"Rhode Island state plane projection","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","city":"East Greenwich","otherGeospatial":"Hunt River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.575284,41.507592 ], [ -71.575284,41.674953 ], [ -71.426104,41.674953 ], [ -71.426104,41.507592 ], [ -71.575284,41.507592 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517047e4b05569d805a262","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70095888,"text":"ofr20141052 - 2014 - Monitoring fine-sediment volume in the Colorado River ecosystem, Arizona: construction and analysis of digital elevation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-27T08:31:20","indexId":"ofr20141052","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-27T08:23:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1052","title":"Monitoring fine-sediment volume in the Colorado River ecosystem, Arizona: construction and analysis of digital elevation models","docAbstract":"Digital elevation models (DEMs) of eleven 2–5 kilometer reaches of the Colorado River ecosystem (CRE) in Grand Canyon were constructed from repeat bathymetric and topographic surveys collected between August 2000 and December 2004. The DEMs will be used by researchers to study the effects of Glen Canyon Dam (GCD) operations on the sediment resources of the CRE in Grand Canyon by quantifying morphological changes and sediment transfer within and among the study reaches.
\nAirborne surveys collected light detection and ranging (lidar) and photogrammetric data, whereas ground topographic and bathymetric data were collected simultaneously on river trips. Surveys were conducted in August 2000, September 2000, May 2002, May 2004, November 2004, and December 2004. The aerial lidar and photogrammetric data were merged with the ground topographic and bathymetric data to create DEMs of the study areas with a grid resolution of 1 meter. For each survey period, the vertical component of uncertainty (specifically, reproducibility or precision) was estimated for each data type (lidar/photogrammetry, ground surveys, bathymetry) and for two different types of bed-surface texture (smooth and rough).
\nThe resulting DEMs from this study are a valuable contribution to ongoing efforts in assessing the effects of GCD operations on the CRE. The DEMs can be used to map the spatial characteristics of geomorphic change within the study reaches and to estimate sediment budgets for different time periods by calculating the difference in sediment volume between surveys. In addition, the DEMs provide essential boundary conditions for numerical models of sediment transport and deposition, as well as help define the spatial distribution of habitat for fisheries investigations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University","usgsCitation":"Kaplinski, M., Hazel, J., Grams, P.E., and Davis, P.A., 2014, Monitoring fine-sediment volume in the Colorado River ecosystem, Arizona: construction and analysis of digital elevation models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1052, Report: v, 29 p.; Appendix 1; Digital products, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141052.","productDescription":"Report: v, 29 p.; Appendix 1; Digital products","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043600","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285009,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141052.jpg"},{"id":285006,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1052/pdf/ofr2014-1052.pdf"},{"id":285008,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/downloads/OFR_2014_1052/"},{"id":285007,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1052/pdf/ofr2014-1052_Appendix.pdf"},{"id":285005,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1052/"}],"projection":"1983 Arizona State Plane","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River;Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.2468,35.003 ], [ -114.2468,37.2631 ], [ -110.6625,37.2631 ], [ -110.6625,35.003 ], [ -114.2468,35.003 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517056e4b05569d805a339","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaplinski, Matt","contributorId":65817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hazel, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":91819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joseph E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":491463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70099649,"text":"ofr20141024 - 2014 - The 1946 Unimak Tsunami Earthquake Area: revised tectonic structure in reprocessed seismic images and a suspect near field tsunami source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:43:53","indexId":"ofr20141024","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-26T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1024","title":"The 1946 Unimak Tsunami Earthquake Area: revised tectonic structure in reprocessed seismic images and a suspect near field tsunami source","docAbstract":"In 1946 at Unimak Pass, Alaska, a tsunami destroyed the lighthouse at Scotch Cap, Unimak Island, took 159 lives on the Hawaiian Islands, damaged island coastal facilities across the south Pacific, and destroyed a hut in Antarctica. The tsunami magnitude of 9.3 is comparable to the magnitude 9.1 tsunami that devastated the Tohoku coast of Japan in 2011. Both causative earthquake epicenters occurred in shallow reaches of the subduction zone. Contractile tectonism along the Alaska margin presumably generated the far-field tsunami by producing a seafloor elevation change. However, the Scotch Cap lighthouse was destroyed by a near-field tsunami that was probably generated by a coeval large undersea landslide, yet bathymetric surveys showed no fresh large landslide scar. We investigated this problem by reprocessing five seismic lines, presented here as high-resolution graphic images, both uninterpreted and interpreted, and available for the reader to download. In addition, the processed seismic data for each line are available for download as seismic industry-standard SEG-Y files. One line, processed through prestack depth migration, crosses a 10 × 15 kilometer and 800-meter-high hill presumed previously to be basement, but that instead is composed of stratified rock superimposed on the slope sediment. This image and multibeam bathymetry illustrate a slide block that could have sourced the 1946 near-field tsunami because it is positioned within a distance determined by the time between earthquake shaking and the tsunami arrival at Scotch Cap and is consistent with the local extent of high runup of 42 meters along the adjacent Alaskan coast. The Unimak/Scotch Cap margin is structurally similar to the 2011 Tohoku tsunamigenic margin where a large landslide at the trench, coeval with the Tohoku earthquake, has been documented. Further study can improve our understanding of tsunami sources along Alaska’s erosional margins.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141024","usgsCitation":"Miller, J.J., von Huene, R.E., and Ryan, H.F., 2014, The 1946 Unimak Tsunami Earthquake Area: revised tectonic structure in reprocessed seismic images and a suspect near field tsunami source: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1024, Report: iii, 19 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141024.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 19 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051311","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":284924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141024.jpg"},{"id":284922,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1024/pdf/ofr2014-1024.pdf"},{"id":284923,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1024/downloads"},{"id":284914,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1024/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Unimak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.36596679687497,\n 52.05924589011585\n ],\n [\n -166.36596679687497,\n 55.084655921502\n ],\n [\n -159.609375,\n 55.084655921502\n ],\n [\n -159.609375,\n 52.05924589011585\n ],\n [\n -166.36596679687497,\n 52.05924589011585\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517066e4b05569d805a3df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, John J. 0000-0002-9098-0967 jmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-0967","contributorId":3785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"jmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Holly F. hryan@usgs.gov","contributorId":2375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Holly","email":"hryan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70093581,"text":"ofr20141023 - 2014 - Petrophysical properties, mineralogy, fractures, and flow tests in 25 deep boreholes at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-28T15:23:34","indexId":"ofr20141023","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-25T14:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1023","title":"Petrophysical properties, mineralogy, fractures, and flow tests in 25 deep boreholes at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"As part of a site investigation for the disposal of radioactive waste, numerous boreholes were drilled into a sequence of Miocene pyroclastic flows and related deposits at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. This report contains displays of data from 25 boreholes drilled during 1979–1984, relatively early in the site investigation program. Geophysical logs and hydrological tests were conducted in the boreholes; core and cuttings analyses yielded data on mineralogy, fractures, and physical properties; and geologic descriptions provided lithology boundaries and the degree of welding of the rock units. Porosity and water content were computed from the geophysical logs, and porosity results were combined with mineralogy from x-ray diffraction to provide whole-rock volume fractions. These data were composited on plates and used by project personnel during the 1990s. Improvements in scanning and computer technology now make it possible to publish these displays.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141023","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., and Kibler, J.E., 2014, Petrophysical properties, mineralogy, fractures, and flow tests in 25 deep boreholes at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1023, Report: vi, 19 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141023.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 19 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051310","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284900,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1023/"},{"id":284903,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1023/downloads/"},{"id":284902,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1023/pdf/of2014-1023.pdf"},{"id":284905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141023.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.500887,36.74929 ], [ -116.500887,36.919932 ], [ -116.374544,36.919932 ], [ -116.374544,36.74929 ], [ -116.500887,36.74929 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6b1ae4b0b29085103ad2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kibler, Joyce E.","contributorId":56293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kibler","given":"Joyce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70095375,"text":"ofr20141043 - 2014 - Magnetic and gravity studies of Mono Lake, east-central, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T15:31:21.719666","indexId":"ofr20141043","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-24T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1043","title":"Magnetic and gravity studies of Mono Lake, east-central, California","docAbstract":"From August 26 to September 5, 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected more than 600 line-kilometers of shipborne magnetic data on Mono Lake, 20 line-kilometers of ground magnetic data on Paoha Island, 50 gravity stations on Paoha and Negit Islands, and 28 rock samples on Paoha and Negit Islands, in east-central California. Magnetic and gravity investigations were undertaken in Mono Lake to study regional crustal structures and to aid in understanding the geologic framework, in particular regarding potential geothermal resources and volcanic hazards throughout Mono Basin. Furthermore, shipborne magnetic data illuminate local structures in the upper crust beneath Mono Lake where geologic exposure is absent.
\n\nMagnetic and gravity methods, which sense contrasting physical properties of the subsurface, are ideal for studying Mono Lake. Exposed rock units surrounding Mono Lake consist mainly of Quaternary alluvium, lacustrine sediment, aeolian deposits, basalt, and Paleozoic granitic and metasedimentary rocks (Bailey, 1989). At Black Point, on the northwest shore of Mono Lake, there is a mafic cinder cone that was produced by a subaqueous eruption around 13.3 ka. Within Mono Lake there are several small dacite cinder cones and flows, forming Negit Island and part of Paoha Island, which also host deposits of Quaternary lacustrine sediments. The typical density and magnetic properties of young volcanic rocks contrast with those of the lacustrine sediment, enabling us to map their subsurface extent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141043","usgsCitation":"Athens, N.D., Ponce, D.A., Jayko, A.S., Miller, M., McEvoy, B., Marcaida, M., Mangan, M.T., Wilkinson, S.K., McClain, J.S., Chuchel, B.A., and Denton, K.M., 2014, Magnetic and gravity studies of Mono Lake, east-central, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1043, Report: iv, 14 p.; Metadata; Tables 2, 3, 4, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141043.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 14 p.; Metadata; Tables 2, 3, 4","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046411","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284395,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141043.jpg"},{"id":417507,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1043/downloads/ofr2014-1043_table2_rock.xls"},{"id":284391,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1043/downloads/ofr2014-1043_metadata.txt"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.148,37.940 ], [ -119.148,38.075 ], [ -118.909,38.075 ], [ -118.909,37.940 ], [ -119.148,37.940 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6547e4b0b290850fffb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Athens, Noah D. nathens@usgs.gov","contributorId":4866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Athens","given":"Noah","email":"nathens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jayko, Angela S. 0000-0002-7378-0330 ajayko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":2531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"Angela","email":"ajayko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science 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mmangan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5273-8053","contributorId":3343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"Margaret","email":"mmangan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wilkinson, Stuart K. swilk@usgs.gov","contributorId":3401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkinson","given":"Stuart","email":"swilk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":491173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McClain, James S.","contributorId":103578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClain","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Chuchel, Bruce A. chuchel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chuchel","given":"Bruce","email":"chuchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Denton, Kevin M. 0000-0001-9604-4021 kmdenton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4021","contributorId":5303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denton","given":"Kevin","email":"kmdenton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70095134,"text":"ofr20131297 - 2014 - Analysis of pharmaceutical and other organic wastewater compounds in filtered and unfiltered water samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T11:02:20","indexId":"ofr20131297","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-24T07:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1297","title":"Analysis of pharmaceutical and other organic wastewater compounds in filtered and unfiltered water samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"Research on the effects of exposure of stream biota to complex mixtures of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds associated with wastewater requires the development of additional analytical capabilities for these compounds in water samples. Two gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analytical methods used at the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) to analyze organic compounds associated with wastewater were adapted to include additional pharmaceutical and other organic compounds beginning in 2009. This report includes a description of method performance for 42 additional compounds for the filtered-water method (hereafter referred to as the filtered method) and 46 additional compounds for the unfiltered-water method (hereafter referred to as the unfiltered method). The method performance for the filtered method described in this report has been published for seven of these compounds; however, the addition of several other compounds to the filtered method and the addition of the compounds to the unfiltered method resulted in the need to document method performance for both of the modified methods. Most of these added compounds are pharmaceuticals or pharmaceutical degradates, although two nonpharmaceutical compounds are included in each method. The main pharmaceutical compound classes added to the two modified methods include muscle relaxants, opiates, analgesics, and sedatives. These types of compounds were added to the original filtered and unfiltered methods largely in response to the tentative identification of a wide range of pharmaceutical and other organic compounds in samples collected from wastewater-treatment plants.
\nFiltered water samples are extracted by vacuum through disposable solid-phase cartridges that contain modified polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin. Unfiltered samples are extracted by using continuous liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane. The compounds of interest for filtered and unfiltered sample types were determined by use of the capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
\nThe performance of each method was assessed by using data on recoveries of compounds in fortified surface-water, wastewater, and reagent-water samples. These experiments (referred to as spike experiments) consist of fortifying (or spiking) samples with known amounts of target analytes. Surface-water-spike experiments were performed by using samples obtained from a stream in Colorado (unfiltered method) and a stream in New York (filtered method). Wastewater spike experiments for both the filtered and unfiltered methods were performed by using a treated wastewater obtained from a single wastewater treatment plant in New York. Surface water and wastewater spike experiments were fortified at both low and high concentrations and termed low- and high-level spikes, respectively. Reagent water spikes were assessed in three ways: (1) set spikes, (2) a low-concentration fortification experiment, and (3) a high-concentration fortification experiment. Set spike samples have been determined since 2009, and consist of analysis of fortified reagent water for target compounds included for each group of 10 to18 environmental samples analyzed at the NWQL. The low-concentration and high-concentration reagent spike experiments, by contrast, represent a one-time assessment of method performance. For each spike experiment, mean recoveries ranging from 60 to 130 percent indicate low bias, and relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than (<) 30 percent indicate low variability.
\nOf the compounds included in the filtered method, 21 had mean recoveries ranging from 63 to 129 percent for the low-level and high-level surface-water spikes, and had low (<15 percent) RSDs for these spikes. The remaining 21 compounds generally had high bias for the low-level or the high-level spike experiments for surface water [mean recoveries <58 percent or greater than (>)132 percent]. For wastewater spikes, 24 of the compounds included in the filtered method had recoveries ranging from 61 to 130 percent for the low-level and high-level spikes. RSDs were <29 percent for both of these spike experiments for the 24 compounds. The remaining 18 compounds in the filtered method generally had high recoveries (>130 percent) or variable recoveries (RSDs >30 percent) for low-level wastewater spikes, or low recoveries (<60 percent) for high-level wastewater spikes. Of the compounds included in the filtered method, 34 had mean set-spike recoveries between 61 and 126 percent, and RSDs <30 percent.
\nOf the compounds included in the unfiltered method, 17 had mean spike recoveries ranging from 74 to 129 percent and RSDs ranging from 5 to 25 percent for low-level and high-level surface water spikes. The remaining compounds had poor mean recoveries (<60 or >130 percent), or high RSDs (>29 percent) for these spikes. For wastewater, 14 of the compounds included in the unfiltered method had mean recoveries ranging from 62 to 127 percent and RSDs <25 percent for the low-level and high-level spikes. Most of the remaining compounds had high mean recoveries for wastewater (>130 percent), or low mean recoveries (<20 percent) or high RSDs (>33 percent) for the low-level wastewater spikes. Of the compounds found in wastewater, 24 had mean set spike recoveries ranging from 64 to 104 percent and RSDs <30 percent.
\nSeparate method detection limits (MDLs) were computed for surface water and wastewater for both the filtered and unfiltered methods. Filtered method MDLs ranged from 0.007 to 0.14 microgram per liter (μg/L) for the surface water matrix and from 0.004 to 0.62 μg/L for the wastewater matrix. Unfiltered method MDLs ranged from 0.014 to 0.33 μg/L for the surface water matrix and from 0.008 to 0.36 μg/L for the wastewater matrix.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131297","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Zaugg, S.D., Phillips, P., and Smith, S.G., 2014, Analysis of pharmaceutical and other organic wastewater compounds in filtered and unfiltered water samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1297, Report: v, 24 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131297.","productDescription":"Report: v, 24 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040896","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131297.jpg"},{"id":284374,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1297/tables/ofr2013-1297_tables1-appendix1.xlsx"},{"id":284372,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1297/"},{"id":284373,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1297/pdf/ofr2013-1297.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4ce0e4b0b290850f13b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":491079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Patrick J. pjphilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pjphilli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Steven G. sgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"sgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":491081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70094636,"text":"ofr20141034 - 2014 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2011 through September 2012) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-24T07:25:07","indexId":"ofr20141034","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-24T07:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1034","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2011 through September 2012) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","docAbstract":"Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in streams from Butte to near Missoula, Montana, as part of a monitoring program in the upper Clark Fork Basin of western Montana. The sampling program was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to characterize aquatic resources in the Clark Fork Basin, with emphasis on trace elements associated with historic mining and smelting activities. Sampling sites were located on the Clark Fork and selected tributaries. Water samples were collected periodically at 20 sites from October 2011 through September 2012. Bed-sediment and biota samples were collected once at 13 sites during August 2012.
\nThis report presents the analytical results and quality-assurance data for water-quality, bed-sediment, and biota samples collected at sites from October 2011 through September 2012. Water-quality data include concentrations of selected major ions, trace elements, and suspended sediment. Turbidity was analyzed for water samples collected at the four sites where seasonal daily values of turbidity were being determined. Daily values of suspended-sediment concentration and suspended-sediment discharge were determined for four sites. Bed-sediment data include trace-element concentrations in the fine-grained fraction. Biological data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Statistical summaries of water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data for sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin are provided for the period of record since 1985.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Dodge, K.A., Hornberger, M.I., and Dyke, J., 2014, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2011 through September 2012) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1034, vi, 121 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141034.","productDescription":"vi, 121 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049914","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284361,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141034.jpg"},{"id":284360,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1034/pdf/of2014-1034.pdf"},{"id":284352,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1034/"}],"scale":"1000000","datum":"NAD 27","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,45.0 ], [ -114.0,47.0 ], [ -112.0,47.0 ], [ -112.0,45.0 ], [ -114.0,45.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7d35e4b0b2908510f3d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodge, Kent A. kdodge@usgs.gov","contributorId":1036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"Kent","email":"kdodge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70098154,"text":"ofr20141056 - 2014 - Summary and abstracts of the Planetary Data Workshop, June 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T10:40:55","indexId":"ofr20141056","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-20T16:01:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1056","title":"Summary and abstracts of the Planetary Data Workshop, June 2012","docAbstract":"The recent boom in the volume of digital data returned by international planetary science missions continues to both delight and confound users of those data. In just the past decade, the Planetary Data System (PDS), NASA’s official archive of scientific results from U.S. planetary missions, has seen a nearly 50-fold increase in the amount of data and now serves nearly half a petabyte. In only a handful of years, this volume is expected to approach 1 petabyte (1,000 terabytes or 1 quadrillion bytes). Although data providers, archivists, users, and developers have done a creditable job of providing search functions, download capabilities, and analysis and visualization tools, the new wealth of data necessitates more frequent and extensive discussion among users and developers about their current capabilities and their needs for improved and new tools. A workshop to address these and other topics, “Planetary Data: A Workshop for Users and Planetary Software Developers,” was held June 25–29, 2012, at Northern Arizona University (NAU) in Flagstaff, Arizona. A goal of the workshop was to present a summary of currently available tools, along with hands-on training and how-to guides, for acquiring, processing and working with a variety of digital planetary data. The meeting emphasized presentations by data users and mission providers during days 1 and 2, and developers had the floor on days 4 and 5 using an “unconference” format for day 5. Day 3 featured keynote talks by Laurence Soderblom (U.S. Geological Survey, USGS) and Dan Crichton (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL) followed by a panel discussion, and then research and technical discussions about tools and capabilities under recent or current development. Software and tool demonstrations were held in break-out sessions in parallel with the oral session. Nearly 150 data users and developers from across the globe attended, and 22 National Aeronautics and space Administration (NASA) and non-NASA data providers and missions were represented. Presentations (some in video format) and tutorials are posted on the meeting site (http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/groups/Planetary-Data-Workshop).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141056","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Gaddis, L.R., Hare, T.M., and Beyer, R., 2014, Summary and abstracts of the Planetary Data Workshop, June 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1056, v, 199 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141056.","productDescription":"v, 199 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-06-01","temporalEnd":"2012-06-30","ipdsId":"IP-049475","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141056.PNG"},{"id":284344,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1056/pdf/ofr2014-1056.pdf"},{"id":284090,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1056/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7517e4b0b2908510a08c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beyer, Ross","contributorId":71607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"Ross","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70074734,"text":"ofr20141017 - 2014 - Evaluation of coral pathogen growth rates after exposure to atmospheric African dust samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-19T14:06:20","indexId":"ofr20141017","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-19T13:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1017","title":"Evaluation of coral pathogen growth rates after exposure to atmospheric African dust samples","docAbstract":"Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess if exposure to atmospheric African dust stimulates or inhibits the growth of four putative bacterial coral pathogens. Atmospheric dust was collected from a dust-source region (Mali, West Africa) and from Saharan Air Layer masses over downwind sites in the Caribbean [Trinidad and Tobago and St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI)]. Extracts of dust samples were used to dose laboratory-grown cultures of four putative coral pathogens: Aurantimonas coralicida (white plague type II), Serratia marcescens (white pox), Vibrio coralliilyticus, and V. shiloi (bacteria-induced bleaching). Growth of A. coralicida and V. shiloi was slightly stimulated by dust extracts from Mali and USVI, respectively, but unaffected by extracts from the other dust sources. Lag time to the start of log-growth phase was significantly shortened for A. coralicida when dosed with dust extracts from Mali and USVI. Growth of S. marcescens and V. coralliilyticus was neither stimulated nor inhibited by any of the dust extracts. This study demonstrates that constituents from atmospheric dust can alter growth of recognized coral disease pathogens under laboratory conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141017","usgsCitation":"Lisle, J.T., Garrison, V.H., and Gray, M.A., 2014, Evaluation of coral pathogen growth rates after exposure to atmospheric African dust samples: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1017, vi, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141017.","productDescription":"vi, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051527","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141017.jpg"},{"id":284251,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1017/"},{"id":284252,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1017/pdf/of2014-1017.pdf"}],"country":"Mali;Trinidad And Tobago;U.S. Virgin Islands","otherGeospatial":"Caribbean Sea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -65.0855,10.04 ], [ -65.0855,25.0 ], [ 4.27,25.0 ], [ 4.27,10.04 ], [ -65.0855,10.04 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5858e4b0b290850f809a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lisle, John T. 0000-0002-5447-2092 jlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092","contributorId":2944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"John","email":"jlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrison, Virginia H. ginger_garrison@usgs.gov","contributorId":2386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"Virginia","email":"ginger_garrison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, Michael A. 0000-0002-3856-5037 mgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3856-5037","contributorId":3532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Michael","email":"mgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70095731,"text":"ofr20141044 - 2014 - Progress report: baseline monitoring of indicator species (butterflies) at tallgrass prairie restorations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-19T11:39:33","indexId":"ofr20141044","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-19T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1044","title":"Progress report: baseline monitoring of indicator species (butterflies) at tallgrass prairie restorations","docAbstract":"This project provides baseline data of butterfly populations at two coastal prairie restoration sites in Louisiana, the Duralde Unit of Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge (hereafter, the Duralde site) and the Cajun Prairie Restoration Project in Eunice (hereafter, the Eunice site). In all, four distinct habitat types representing different planting methods were sampled. These data will be used to assess biodiversity and health of native grasslands and also provide a basis for adaptive management.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141044","usgsCitation":"Allain, L., and Vidrine, M., 2014, Progress report: baseline monitoring of indicator species (butterflies) at tallgrass prairie restorations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1044, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141044.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-053391","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141044.PNG"},{"id":284196,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1044/"},{"id":284197,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1044/ofr2014-1044.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Cajun Prairie Restoration Project;Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.963,29.912 ], [ -92.963,30.506 ], [ -92.384,30.506 ], [ -92.384,29.912 ], [ -92.963,29.912 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6e5de4b0b29085105bc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allain, Larry 0000-0002-7717-9761","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-9761","contributorId":63108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allain","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vidrine, Malcolm","contributorId":79015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidrine","given":"Malcolm","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70095819,"text":"ofr20141051 - 2014 - Mercury in fishes from 21 national parks in the Western United States: inter- and intra-park variation in concentrations and ecological risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-22T11:29:49","indexId":"ofr20141051","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-14T14:36:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1051","title":"Mercury in fishes from 21 national parks in the Western United States: inter- and intra-park variation in concentrations and ecological risk","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) is a global contaminant and human activities have increased atmospheric Hg concentrations 3- to 5-fold during the past 150 years. This increased release into the atmosphere has resulted in elevated loadings to aquatic habitats where biogeochemical processes promote the microbial conversion of inorganic Hg to methylmercury, the bioavailable form of Hg. The physicochemical properties of Hg and its complex environmental cycle have resulted in some of the most remote and protected areas of the world becoming contaminated with Hg concentrations that threaten ecosystem and human health. The national park network in the United States is comprised of some of the most pristine and sensitive wilderness in North America. There is concern that via global distribution, Hg contamination could threaten the ecological integrity of aquatic communities in the parks and the wildlife that depends on them. In this study, we examined Hg concentrations in non-migratory freshwater fish in 86 sites across 21 national parks in the Western United States. We report Hg concentrations of more than 1,400 fish collected in waters extending over a 4,000 kilometer distance, from Alaska to the arid Southwest. Across all parks, sites, and species, fish total Hg (THg) concentrations ranged from 9.9 to 1,109 nanograms per gram wet weight (ng/g ww) with a mean of 77.7 ng/g ww. We found substantial variation in fish THg concentrations among and within parks, suggesting that patterns of Hg risk are driven by processes occurring at a combination of scales. Additionally, variation (up to 20-fold) in site-specific fish THg concentrations within individual parks suggests that more intensive sampling in some parks will be required to effectively characterize Hg contamination in western national parks.
\nAcross all fish sampled, only 5 percent had THg concentrations exceeding a benchmark (200 ng/g ww) associated with toxic responses within the fish themselves. However, Hg concentrations in 35 percent of fish sampled were above a benchmark for risk to highly sensitive avian consumers (90 ng/g ww), and THg concentrations in 68 percent of fish sampled were above exposure levels recommended by the Great Lakes Advisory Group (50 ng/g ww) for unlimited consumption by humans. Of the fish assessed for risk to human consumers (that is, species that are large enough to be consumed by recreational or subsistence anglers), only one individual fish from Yosemite National Park had a muscle Hg concentration exceeding the benchmark (950 ng/g ww) at which no human consumption is advised. Zion, Capital Reef, Wrangell-St. Elias, and Lake Clark National Parks all contained sites in which most fish exceeded benchmarks for the protection of human and wildlife health. This finding is particularly concerning in Zion and Capitol Reef National Parks because the fish from these parks were speckled dace, a small, invertebrate-feeding species, yet their Hg concentrations were as high or higher than those in the largest, long-lived predatory species, such as lake trout. Future targeted research and monitoring across park habitats would help identify patterns of Hg distribution across the landscape and facilitate management decisions aimed at reducing the ecological risk posed by Hg contamination in sensitive ecosystems protected by the National Park Service.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141051","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, Air Resources Division","usgsCitation":"Eagles-Smith, C.A., Willacker, J.J., and Flanagan Pritz, C.M., 2014, Mercury in fishes from 21 national parks in the Western United States: inter- and intra-park variation in concentrations and ecological risk: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1051, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141051.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053804","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141051.jpg"},{"id":284032,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1051/"},{"id":284033,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1051/pdf/ofr2014-1051.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska;Arizona;California;Colorado;Idaho;Montana;Nevada;New Mexico;Oregon;Utah;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Captiol Reef;Crater Lake;Denali;Glacier;Glacier Bay;Grand Canyon;Grand Teton;Great Basin;Great Sand Dunes;Lake Clark;Lassen Volcanic;Mesa Verde;Mount Rainer;North Cascades;Olympic;Rocky Mountain;Sequoia-kings Canyon;Yellowstone;Yosemite;Zion","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -161.53,31.29 ], [ -161.53,68.24 ], [ -103.06,68.24 ], [ -103.06,31.29 ], [ -161.53,31.29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd669be4b0b29085100dce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willacker, James J. jwillacker@usgs.gov","contributorId":5614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willacker","given":"James","email":"jwillacker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flanagan Pritz, Colleen M.","contributorId":64156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan Pritz","given":"Colleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}