{"pageNumber":"772","pageRowStart":"19275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40777,"records":[{"id":70036013,"text":"70036013 - 2011 - Nonlinear site response in medium magnitude earthquakes near Parkfield, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T15:19:51","indexId":"70036013","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonlinear site response in medium magnitude earthquakes near Parkfield, California","docAbstract":"Careful analysis of strong-motion recordings of 13 medium magnitude earthquakes (3.7 &le; <i>M</i> &le; 6.5) in the Parkfield, California, area shows that very modest levels of shaking (approximately 3.5% of the acceleration of gravity) can produce observable changes in site response. Specifically, I observe a drop and subsequent recovery of the resonant frequency at sites that are part of the USGS Parkfield dense seismograph array (UPSAR) and Turkey Flat array. While further work is necessary to fully eliminate other models, given that these frequency shifts correlate with the strength of shaking at the Turkey Flat array and only appear for the strongest shaking levels at UPSAR, the most plausible explanation for them is that they are a result of nonlinear site response. Assuming this to be true, the observation of nonlinear site response in small (<i>M</i> <5) earthquakes implies that nonlinear site response can occur at much lower levels of shaking than previously believed. Below I present observations of a resonant frequency shift during five M &le; 5 earthquakes near Parkfield, California, strongly contrasting with previous studies that have only identified nonlinear site effects for much larger events. In addition to the nonlinear effects seen for the smaller events, nonlinear site response is also observed for two largest earthquakes in the region during the study period (the 2003 <i>M</i> 6.5 San Simeon earthquake and the 2004 <i>M</i> 6 Parkfield earthquake).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120090396","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Rubinstein, J.L., 2011, Nonlinear site response in medium magnitude earthquakes near Parkfield, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 1, p. 275-286, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090396.","startPage":"275","endPage":"286","numberOfPages":"12","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218418,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120090396"},{"id":246421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6790e4b0c8380cd733ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubinstein, Justin L. 0000-0003-1274-6785 jrubinstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1274-6785","contributorId":2404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubinstein","given":"Justin","email":"jrubinstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036014,"text":"70036014 - 2011 - Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions for the Pliocene (Plio-QUMP): Initial results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T20:37:34.106848","indexId":"70036014","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions for the Pliocene (Plio-QUMP): Initial results","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0045\">Examination of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP; ~&nbsp;3.3 to 3.0&nbsp;<span>Ma BP) provides an excellent opportunity to test the ability of climate models to reproduce warm climate states, thereby assessing our confidence in model predictions. To do this it is necessary to relate the uncertainty in model simulations of mPWP climate to uncertainties in projections of future climate change. The uncertainties introduced by the model can be estimated through the use of a Perturbed Physics Ensemble (PPE). Developing on the UK Met Office Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions (QUMP) Project, this paper presents the results from an initial investigation using the end members of a PPE in a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean model (HadCM3) running with appropriate mPWP boundary conditions. Prior work has shown that the unperturbed version of HadCM3 may underestimate mPWP&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Sea Surface Temperature from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/sea-surface-temperature\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/sea-surface-temperature\">sea surface temperatures</a>&nbsp;at&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Polar Region from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/polar-region\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/polar-region\">higher latitudes</a>. Initial results indicate that neither the low sensitivity nor the high sensitivity simulations produce unequivocally improved mPWP&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Climatology from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/climatology\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/climatology\">climatology</a>&nbsp;relative to the standard. Whilst the high sensitivity simulation was able to reconcile up to 6</span>&nbsp;<span>°C of the data/model mismatch in sea surface temperatures in the high latitudes of the&nbsp;<a title=\"Learn more about Northern Hemisphere from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages\" href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/northern-hemisphere\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/northern-hemisphere\">Northern Hemisphere</a>&nbsp;(relative to the standard simulation), it did not produce a better prediction of global vegetation than the standard simulation. Overall the low sensitivity simulation was degraded compared to the standard and high sensitivity simulations in all aspects of the data/model comparison.</span></p><p id=\"sp0050\">The results have shown that a PPE has the potential to explore weaknesses in mPWP modelling simulations which have been identified by geological proxies, but that a ‘best fit’ simulation will more likely come from a full ensemble in which simulations that contain the strengths of the two end member simulations shown here are combined.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.004","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Pope, J., Collins, M., Haywood, A., Dowsett, H.J., Hunter, S., Lunt, D., Pickering, S., and Pound, M., 2011, Quantifying Uncertainty in Model Predictions for the Pliocene (Plio-QUMP): Initial results: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 309, no. 1-2, p. 128-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.004.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"140","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218443,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.004"}],"volume":"309","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91bfe4b0c8380cd80433","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, J.O.","contributorId":16257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, M.","contributorId":49224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haywood, A.M.","contributorId":101050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunter, S.J.","contributorId":27704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lunt, D.J.","contributorId":105127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunt","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pickering, S.J.","contributorId":6283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickering","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pound, M.J.","contributorId":41259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pound","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036460,"text":"70036460 - 2011 - Spatial modeling for groundwater arsenic levels in North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-11T17:14:08.341395","indexId":"70036460","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial modeling for groundwater arsenic levels in North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p><span>To examine environmental and geologic determinants of arsenic in groundwater, detailed geologic data were integrated with well water arsenic concentration data and well construction data for 471 private wells in Orange County, NC, via a geographic information system. For the statistical analysis, the geologic units were simplified into four generalized categories based on rock type and interpreted mode of deposition/emplacement. The geologic transitions from rocks of a primary pyroclastic origin to rocks of volcaniclastic sedimentary origin were designated as polylines. The data were fitted to a left-censored regression model to identify key determinants of arsenic levels in groundwater. A Bayesian spatial random effects model was then developed to capture any spatial patterns in groundwater arsenic residuals into model estimation. Statistical model results indicate (1) wells close to a transition zone or fault are more likely to contain detectible arsenic; (2) welded tuffs and hydrothermal quartz bodies are associated with relatively higher groundwater arsenic concentrations and even higher for those proximal to a pluton; and (3) wells of greater depth are more likely to contain elevated arsenic. This modeling effort informs policy intervention by creating three-dimensional maps of predicted arsenic levels in groundwater for any location and depth in the area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society.","doi":"10.1021/es103336s","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kim, D., Miranda, M., Tootoo, J., Bradley, P., and Gelfand, A., 2011, Spatial modeling for groundwater arsenic levels in North Carolina: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 11, p. 4824-4831, https://doi.org/10.1021/es103336s.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4824","endPage":"4831","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475321,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Spatial_Modeling_for_Groundwater_Arsenic_Levels_in_North_Carolina/24724254","text":"External 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"45","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9486e4b08c986b31ab45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, D.","contributorId":26178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miranda, M.L.","contributorId":101928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tootoo, J.","contributorId":66108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tootoo","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, P.","contributorId":99411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gelfand, A.E.","contributorId":85020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfand","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036459,"text":"70036459 - 2011 - Whole-edifice ice volume change A.D. 1970 to 2007/2008 at Mount Rainier, Washington, based on LiDAR surveying","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-05T12:11:14","indexId":"70036459","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Whole-edifice ice volume change A.D. 1970 to 2007/2008 at Mount Rainier, Washington, based on LiDAR surveying","docAbstract":"Net changes in thickness and volume of glacial ice and perennial snow at Mount Rainier, Washington State, have been mapped over the entire edifice by differencing between a highresolution LiDAR (light detection and ranging) topographic survey of September-October 2007/2008 and the 10 m lateral resolution U.S. Geological Survey digital elevation model derived from September 1970 aerial photography. Excepting the large Emmons and Winthrop Glaciers, all of Mount Rainier's glaciers thinned and retreated in their terminal regions, with substantial thinning mainly at elevations <2000 m and the greatest thinning on southfacing glaciers. Mount Rainier's glaciers and snowfields also lost volume over the interval, excepting the east-flank Fryingpan and Emmons Glaciers and minor near-summit snowfields; maximum volume losses were centered from ~1750 m (north flank) to ~2250 m (south fl ank) elevation. The greatest single volume loss was from the Carbon Glacier, despite its northward aspect, due to its sizeable area at <2000 m elevation. Overall, Mount Rainier lost ~14 vol% glacial ice and perennial snow over the 37 to 38 yr interval between surveys. Enhanced thinning of south-flank glaciers may be meltback from the high snowfall period of the mid-1940s to mid-1970s associated with the cool phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/G31902.1","isbn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Sisson, T.W., Robinson, J., and Swinney, D., 2011, Whole-edifice ice volume change A.D. 1970 to 2007/2008 at Mount Rainier, Washington, based on LiDAR surveying: Geology, v. 39, no. 7, p. 639-642, https://doi.org/10.1130/G31902.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"639","endPage":"642","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218439,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G31902.1"},{"id":246449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.876709,46.787719 ], [ -121.876709,46.939905 ], [ -121.638906,46.939905 ], [ -121.638906,46.787719 ], [ -121.876709,46.787719 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"39","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd089e4b08c986b32eef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sisson, T. W.","contributorId":108120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, J.E.","contributorId":53100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swinney, D.D.","contributorId":88191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swinney","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036036,"text":"70036036 - 2011 - Synthesis of isotopically modified ZnO nanoparticles and their potential as nanotoxicity tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-09T19:32:01","indexId":"70036036","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesis of isotopically modified ZnO nanoparticles and their potential as nanotoxicity tracers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding the behavior of engineered&nbsp;nanoparticles&nbsp;in the environment and within organisms is perhaps the biggest obstacle to the safe development of&nbsp;nanotechnologies. Reliable tracing is a particular issue for nanoparticles such as ZnO, because Zn is an essential element and a common pollutant thus present at elevated background concentrations. We synthesized isotopically enriched (89.6%) with a rare isotope of Zn (</span><sup>67</sup><span>Zn) ZnO nanoparticles and measured the uptake of&nbsp;</span><sup>67</sup><span>Zn by&nbsp;</span><i>L. stagnalis</i><span>&nbsp;exposed to&nbsp;diatoms&nbsp;amended with the particles.&nbsp;Stable isotope technique&nbsp;is sufficiently sensitive to determine the uptake of Zn at an exposure equivalent to lower concentration range (&lt;15&nbsp;μg&nbsp;g</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). Without a tracer, detection of newly accumulated Zn is significant at Zn exposure concentration only above 5000&nbsp;μg&nbsp;g</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;which represents some of the most contaminated Zn conditions. Only by using a tracer we can study Zn uptake at a range of environmentally realistic exposure conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.032","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Dybowska, A., Croteau, M.N., Misra, S., Berhanu, D., Luoma, S.N., Christian, P., O'Brien, P., and Valsami-Jones, E., 2011, Synthesis of isotopically modified ZnO nanoparticles and their potential as nanotoxicity tracers: Environmental Pollution, v. 159, no. 1, p. 266-273, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.032.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"273","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218295,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.032"}],"volume":"159","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba355e4b08c986b31fc73","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.032","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.032","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Dybowska Agnieszka D., Croteau Marie-Noele, Misra Superb K., Berhanu Deborah, Luoma Samuel N., Christian Paul, O’Brien Paul, Valsami-Jones Eugenia","journalName":"Environmental Pollution","publicationDate":"1/2011"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dybowska, A.D.","contributorId":85443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dybowska","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Misra, S.K.","contributorId":47989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misra","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berhanu, D.","contributorId":86177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berhanu","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christian, P.","contributorId":58527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christian","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O'Brien, P.","contributorId":98600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Brien","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Valsami-Jones, E.","contributorId":103088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valsami-Jones","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036106,"text":"70036106 - 2011 - Mechanism of the 1996-97 non-eruptive volcano-tectonic earthquake swarm at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T19:44:34.24175","indexId":"70036106","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanism of the 1996-97 non-eruptive volcano-tectonic earthquake swarm at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>A significant number of volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquake swarms, some of which are accompanied by ground deformation and/or volcanic gas emissions, do not culminate in an eruption. These swarms are often thought to represent stalled intrusions of magma into the mid- or shallow-level crust. Real-time assessment of the likelihood that a VT swarm will culminate in an eruption is one of the key challenges of volcano monitoring, and retrospective analysis of non-eruptive swarms provides an important framework for future assessments. Here we explore models for a non-eruptive VT earthquake swarm located beneath Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, in May 1996–June 1997 through calculation and inversion of fault-plane solutions for swarm and background periods, and through Coulomb stress modeling of faulting types and hypocenter locations observed during the swarm. Through a comparison of models of deep and shallow intrusions to swarm observations, we aim to test the hypothesis that the 1996–97 swarm represented a shallow intrusion, or “failed” eruption. Observations of the 1996–97 swarm are found to be consistent with several scenarios including both shallow and deep intrusion, most likely involving a relatively small volume of intruded magma and/or a low degree of magma pressurization corresponding to a relatively low likelihood of eruption.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00445-010-0439-7","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Roman, D., and Power, J.A., 2011, Mechanism of the 1996-97 non-eruptive volcano-tectonic earthquake swarm at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 143-153, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0439-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"153","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218330,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0439-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Iliamna Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.68749999999997,\n              58.802361927759456\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.67822265625,\n              58.802361927759456\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.67822265625,\n              62.32920841458002\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.68749999999997,\n              62.32920841458002\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.68749999999997,\n              58.802361927759456\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5367e4b0c8380cd6ca6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roman, Diana","contributorId":237832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roman","given":"Diana","affiliations":[{"id":47620,"text":"Dept. of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington DC 20015","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":454217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":454216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036109,"text":"70036109 - 2011 - No correlation between Anderson Reservoir stage level and underlying Calaveras fault seismicity despite calculated differential stress increases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T19:19:03.490885","indexId":"70036109","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2626,"text":"Lithosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"No correlation between Anderson Reservoir stage level and underlying Calaveras fault seismicity despite calculated differential stress increases","docAbstract":"<p><span>Concerns have been raised that stresses from reservoir impoundment may trigger damaging earthquakes because rate changes have been associated with reservoir impoundment or stage-level changes globally. Here, the idea is tested blindly using Anderson Reservoir, which lies atop the seismically active Calaveras fault. The only knowledge held by the author going into the study was the expectation that reservoir levels change cyclically because of seasonal rainfall. Examination of seismicity rates near the reservoir reveals variability, but no correlation with stage-level changes. Three-dimensional finite-element modeling shows stress changes sufficient for earthquake triggering along the Calaveras fault zone. Since many of the reported cases of induced triggering come from low-strain settings, it is speculated that gradual stressing from stage-level changes in high-strain settings may not be significant. From this study, it can be concluded that reservoirs are not necessarily risky in active tectonic settings.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Lithosphere","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/L148.1","issn":"19418264","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., 2011, No correlation between Anderson Reservoir stage level and underlying Calaveras fault seismicity despite calculated differential stress increases: Lithosphere, v. 3, no. 4, p. 261-264, https://doi.org/10.1130/L148.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475442,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/l148.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218389,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/L148.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Anderson Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.958984375,\n              36.84446074079564\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.89355468749999,\n              36.84446074079564\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.89355468749999,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.958984375,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.958984375,\n              36.84446074079564\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6708e4b0c8380cd73136","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036114,"text":"70036114 - 2011 - Channel morphometry, sediment transport, and implications for tectonic activity and surficial ages of Titan basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T18:02:51.794264","indexId":"70036114","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel morphometry, sediment transport, and implications for tectonic activity and surficial ages of Titan basins","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fluvial features on Titan and drainage basins on Earth are remarkably similar despite differences in gravity and surface composition. We determined network bifurcation (</span><i>R<sub>b</sub></i><span>) ratios for five Titan and three terrestrial analog basins. Tectonically-modified Earth basins have&nbsp;</span><i>R<sub>b</sub></i><span>&nbsp;values greater than the expected range (3.0–5.0) for dendritic networks; comparisons with&nbsp;</span><i>R<sub>b</sub></i><span>&nbsp;values determined for Titan basins, in conjunction with similarities in network patterns, suggest that portions of Titan’s north polar region are modified by tectonic forces. Sufficient elevation data existed to calculate bed slope and potential fluvial sediment transport rates in at least one Titan basin, indicating that 75</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mm water ice grains (observed at the Huygens landing site) should be readily entrained given sufficient flow depths of liquid hydrocarbons. Volumetric sediment transport estimates suggest that ∼6700–10,000 Titan years (∼2.0–3.0</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>×</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>10</span><sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;Earth years) are required to erode this basin to its minimum relief (assuming constant 1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m and 1.5</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m flows); these lowering rates increase to ∼27,000–41,000 Titan years (∼8.0–12.0</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>×</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>10</span><sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;Earth years) when flows in the north polar region are restricted to summer months.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.011","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Cartwright, R., Clayton, J., and Kirk, R.L., 2011, Channel morphometry, sediment transport, and implications for tectonic activity and surficial ages of Titan basins: Icarus, v. 214, no. 2, p. 561-570, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.011.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"570","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218478,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.011"}],"volume":"214","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f458e4b0c8380cd4bc97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cartwright, R.","contributorId":54838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clayton, J.A.","contributorId":71799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036217,"text":"70036217 - 2011 - Regional magnetic domains of the Circum-Arctic: A framework for geodynamic interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T16:25:29.72238","indexId":"70036217","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1784,"text":"Geological Society Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"chapter":"4","title":"Regional magnetic domains of the Circum-Arctic: A framework for geodynamic interpretation","docAbstract":"<p><span>We identify and discuss 57 magnetic anomaly pattern domains spanning the Circum-Arctic. The domains are based on analysis of a new Circum-Arctic data compilation. The magnetic anomaly patterns can be broadly related to general geodynamic classification of the crust into stable, deformed (magnetic and nonmagnetic), deep magnetic high, oceanic and large igneous province domains. We compare the magnetic domains with topography/bathymetry, regional geology, regional free air gravity anomalies and estimates of the relative magnetic ‘thickness’ of the crust. Most of the domains and their geodynamic classification assignments are consistent with their topographic/bathymetric and geological expression. A few of the domains are potentially controversial. For example, the extent of the Iceland Faroe large igneous province as identified by magnetic anomalies may disagree with other definitions for this feature. Also the lack of definitive magnetic expression of oceanic crust in Baffin Bay, the Norwegian–Greenland Sea and the Amerasian Basin is at odds with some previous interpretations. The magnetic domains and their boundaries provide clues for tectonic models and boundaries within this poorly understood portion of the globe.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/M35.4","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., Miller, E.L., Gaina, C., and Brown, P., 2011, Regional magnetic domains of the Circum-Arctic: A framework for geodynamic interpretation: Geological Society Memoir, v. 35, p. 49-60, https://doi.org/10.1144/M35.4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f46de4b0c8380cd4bd20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, E. L.","contributorId":75583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaina, C.","contributorId":71389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaina","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, P. J. 0000-0002-2415-7462","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2415-7462","contributorId":92403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036218,"text":"70036218 - 2011 - A first look at the petroleum geology of the Lomonosov Ridge microcontinent, Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T19:06:23.937446","indexId":"70036218","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1784,"text":"Geological Society Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"chapter":"49","title":"A first look at the petroleum geology of the Lomonosov Ridge microcontinent, Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Lomonosov microcontinent is an elongated continental fragment that transects the Arctic Ocean between North America and Siberia via the North Pole. Although it lies beneath polar pack ice, the geological framework of the microcontinent is inferred from sparse seismic reflection data, a few cores, potential field data and the geology of its conjugate margin in the Barents–Kara Shelf. Petroleum systems inferred to be potentially active are comparable to those sourced by condensed Triassic and Jurassic marine shale of the Barents Platform and by condensed Jurassic and (or) Cretaceous shale probably present in the adjacent Amerasia Basin. Cenozoic deposits are known to contain rich petroleum source rocks but are too thermally immature to have generated petroleum. For the 2008 USGS Circum Arctic Resource Appraisal (CARA), the microcontinent was divided into shelf and slope assessment units (AUs) at the tectonic hinge line along the Amerasia Basin margin. A low to moderate probability of accumulation in the slope AU yielded fully risked mean estimates of 123 MMBO oil and 740 BCF gas. For the shelf AU, no quantitative assessment was made because the probability of petroleum accumulations of the 50 MMBOE minimum size was estimated to be less than 10% owing to rift-related uplift, erosion and faulting.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/M35.49","issn":"04354052","usgsCitation":"Moore, T.E., Grantz, A., Pitman, J.K., and Brown, P., 2011, A first look at the petroleum geology of the Lomonosov Ridge microcontinent, Arctic Ocean: Geological Society Memoir, v. 35, p. 751-769, https://doi.org/10.1144/M35.49.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"751","endPage":"769","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-021684","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218192,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/M35.49"}],"volume":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f46de4b0c8380cd4bd1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":1033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grantz, Arthur agrantz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"Arthur","email":"agrantz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Philip J.","contributorId":70483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Philip J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036221,"text":"70036221 - 2011 - Simulating adsorption of U(VI) under transient groundwater flow and hydrochemistry: Physical versus chemical nonequilibrium model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T07:50:14","indexId":"70036221","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating adsorption of U(VI) under transient groundwater flow and hydrochemistry: Physical versus chemical nonequilibrium model","docAbstract":"<p>Coupled intragrain diffusional mass transfer and nonlinear surface complexation processes play an important role in the transport behavior of U(VI) in contaminated aquifers. Two alternative model approaches for simulating these coupled processes were analyzed and compared: (1) the physical nonequilibrium approach that explicitly accounts for aqueous speciation and instantaneous surface complexation reactions in the intragrain regions and approximates the diffusive mass exchange between the immobile intragrain pore water and the advective pore water as multirate first-order mass transfer and (2) the chemical nonequilibrium approach that approximates the diffusion-limited intragrain surface complexation reactions by a set of multiple first-order surface complexation reaction kinetics, thereby eliminating the explicit treatment of aqueous speciation in the intragrain pore water. A model comparison has been carried out for column and field scale scenarios, representing the highly transient hydrological and geochemical conditions in the U(VI)-contaminated aquifer at the Hanford 300A site, Washington, USA. It was found that the response of U(VI) mass transfer behavior to hydrogeochemically induced changes in U(VI) adsorption strength was more pronounced in the physical than in the chemical nonequilibrium model. The magnitude of the differences in model behavior depended particularly on the degree of disequilibrium between the advective and immobile phase U(VI) concentrations. While a clear difference in U(VI) transport behavior between the two models was noticeable for the column-scale scenarios, only minor differences were found for the Hanford 300A field scale scenarios, where the model-generated disequilibrium conditions were less pronounced as a result of frequent groundwater flow reversals.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2010WR010118","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Greskowiak, J., Hay, M., Prommer, H., Liu, C., Post, V., Ma, R., Davis, J., Zheng, C., and Zachara, J., 2011, Simulating adsorption of U(VI) under transient groundwater flow and hydrochemistry: Physical versus chemical nonequilibrium model: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010118.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr010118","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fcae4b08c986b319133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greskowiak, J.","contributorId":21002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greskowiak","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, M.B.","contributorId":30078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prommer, H.","contributorId":12264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prommer","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, C.","contributorId":67755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Post, V.E.A.","contributorId":56078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"V.E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ma, R.","contributorId":17458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zheng, C.","contributorId":39976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zachara, J.M.","contributorId":96896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachara","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70036224,"text":"70036224 - 2011 - The Augustine magmatic system as revealed by seismic tomography and relocated earthquake hypocenters from 1994 through 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T18:19:27.614522","indexId":"70036224","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Augustine magmatic system as revealed by seismic tomography and relocated earthquake hypocenters from 1994 through 2009","docAbstract":"<p><span>We incorporate 14 years of earthquake data from the Alaska Volcano Observatory with data from a 1975 controlled‐source seismic experiment to obtain the three‐dimensional P and S wave velocity structure and the first high‐precision earthquake locations at Augustine Volcano to be calculated in a fully three‐dimensional velocity model. Velocity tomography shows two main features beneath Augustine: a narrow, high‐velocity column beneath the summit, extending from ∼2 km depth to the surface, and elevated velocities on the south flank. Our relocation results allow a thorough analysis of the spatio‐temoral patterns of seismicity and the relationship to the magmatic and eruptive activity. Background seismicity is centered beneath the summit at an average depth of 0.6 km above sea level. In the weeks leading to the January 2006 eruption of Augustine, seismicity focused on a NW‐SE line along the trend of an inflating dike. A series of drumbeat earthquakes occurred in the early weeks of the eruption, indicating further magma transport through the same dike system. During the six months following the onset of the eruption, the otherwise quiescent region 1 to 5 km below sea level centered beneath the summit became seismically active with two groups of earthquakes, differentiated by frequency content. The deep longer‐period earthquakes occurred during the eruption and are interpreted as resulting from the movement of magma toward the summit, and the post‐eruptive shorter‐period earthquakes may be due to the relaxation of an emptied magma tube. The seismicity subsequently returned to its normal background rates and patterns.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JB008129","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Syracuse, E., Thurber, C., and Power, J.A., 2011, The Augustine magmatic system as revealed by seismic tomography and relocated earthquake hypocenters from 1994 through 2009: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 9, B09306, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008129.","productDescription":"B09306, 11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475123,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb008129","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218306,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008129"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Augustine Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.1484375,\n              57.18390185831188\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.470703125,\n              57.18390185831188\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.470703125,\n              61.938950426660604\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.1484375,\n              61.938950426660604\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.1484375,\n              57.18390185831188\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba690e4b08c986b3211e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Syracuse, E.M.","contributorId":28108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syracuse","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurber, C.H.","contributorId":28617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":454976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036262,"text":"70036262 - 2011 - Evaluating the effects of future climate change and elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on the water use efficiency in terrestrial ecosystems of China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T14:12:35","indexId":"70036262","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the effects of future climate change and elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on the water use efficiency in terrestrial ecosystems of China","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water use efficiency (WUE) is an important variable used in climate change and hydrological studies in relation to how it links ecosystem carbon cycles and hydrological cycles together. However, obtaining reliable WUE results based on site-level flux data remains a great challenge when scaling up to larger regional zones. Biophysical, process-based ecosystem models are powerful tools to study WUE at large spatial and temporal scales. The Integrated BIosphere Simulator (IBIS) was used to evaluate the effects of climate change and elevated CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> concentrations on ecosystem-level WUE (defined as the ratio of gross primary production (GPP) to evapotranspiration (ET)) in relation to terrestrial ecosystems in China for 2009–2099. Climate scenario data (IPCC SRES A2 and SRES B1) generated from the Third Generation Coupled Global Climate Model (CGCM3) was used in the simulations. Seven simulations were implemented according to the assemblage of different elevated CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> concentrations scenarios and different climate change scenarios. Analysis suggests that (1) further elevated CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>concentrations will significantly enhance the WUE over China by the end of the twenty-first century, especially in forest areas; (2) effects of climate change on WUE will vary for different geographical regions in China with negative effects occurring primarily in southern regions and positive effects occurring primarily in high latitude and altitude regions (Tibetan Plateau); (3) WUE will maintain the current levels for 2009–2099 under the constant climate scenario (i.e. using mean climate condition of 1951–2006 and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>concentrations of the 2008 level); and (4) WUE will decrease with the increase of water resource restriction (expressed as evaporation ratio) among different ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.09.035","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Zhu, Q., Jiang, H., Peng, C., Liu, J., Wei, X., Fang, X., Liu, S., Zhou, G., and Yu, S., 2011, Evaluating the effects of future climate change and elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on the water use efficiency in terrestrial ecosystems of China: Ecological Modelling, v. 222, no. 14, p. 2414-2429, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.09.035.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2414","endPage":"2429","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218430,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.09.035"}],"volume":"222","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bf7e4b0c8380cd52989","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, Q.","contributorId":93711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jiang, H.","contributorId":83731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peng, C.","contributorId":79314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wei, X.","contributorId":50636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fang, X.","contributorId":32288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhou, G.","contributorId":12604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Yu, S.","contributorId":25771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70036443,"text":"70036443 - 2011 - Using normalized difference vegetation index to estimate carbon fluxes from small rotationally grazed pastures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-27T12:21:07","indexId":"70036443","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":684,"text":"Agronomy Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using normalized difference vegetation index to estimate carbon fluxes from small rotationally grazed pastures","docAbstract":"Satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data have been extensively used for estimating gross primary productivity (GPP) and yield of grazing lands throughout the world. However, the usefulness of satellite-based images for monitoring rotationally-grazed pastures in the northeastern United States might be limited because paddock size is often smaller than the resolution limits of the satellite image. This research compared NDVI data from satellites with data obtained using a ground-based system capable of fine-scale (submeter) NDVI measurements. Gross primary productivity was measured by eddy covariance on two pastures in central Pennsylvania from 2003 to 2008. Weekly 250-m resolution satellite NDVI estimates were also obtained for each pasture from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. Ground-based NDVI data were periodically collected in 2006, 2007, and 2008 from one of the two pastures. Multiple-regression and regression-tree estimates of GPP, based primarily on MODIS 7-d NDVI and on-site measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), were generally able to predict growing-season GPP to within an average of 3% of measured values. The exception was drought years when estimated and measured GPP differed from each other by 11 to 13%. Ground-based measurements improved the ability of vegetation indices to capture short-term grazing management effects on GPP. However, the eMODIS product appeared to be adequate for regional GPP estimates where total growing-season GPP across a wide area would be of greater interest than short-term management-induced changes in GPP at individual sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agronomy Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/agronj2010.0495","issn":"00021962","usgsCitation":"Skinner, R., Wylie, B., and Gilmanov, T., 2011, Using normalized difference vegetation index to estimate carbon fluxes from small rotationally grazed pastures: Agronomy Journal, v. 103, no. 4, p. 972-979, https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0495.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"972","endPage":"979","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218206,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0495"},{"id":246193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.52,39.72 ], [ -80.52,42.27 ], [ -74.69,42.27 ], [ -74.69,39.72 ], [ -80.52,39.72 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"103","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc085e4b08c986b32a186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, R.H.","contributorId":13476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, B.K. 0000-0002-7374-1083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":24877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"B.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilmanov, T.G.","contributorId":44716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmanov","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036272,"text":"70036272 - 2011 - Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036272","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance","docAbstract":"Rabies is an acute viral infection that is typically fatal. Most rabies modeling has focused on disease dynamics and control within terrestrial mammals (e.g., raccoons and foxes). As such, rabies in bats has been largely neglected until recently. Because bats have been implicated as natural reservoirs for several emerging zoonotic viruses, including SARS-like corona viruses, henipaviruses, and lyssaviruses, understanding how pathogens are maintained within a population becomes vital. Unfortunately, little is known about maintenance mechanisms for any pathogen in bat populations. We present a mathematical model parameterized with unique data from an extensive study of rabies in a Colorado population of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) to elucidate general maintenance mechanisms. We propose that life history patterns of many species of temperate-zone bats, coupled with sufficiently long incubation periods, allows for rabies virus maintenance. Seasonal variability in bat mortality rates, specifically low mortality during hibernation, allows long-term bat population viability. Within viable bat populations, sufficiently long incubation periods allow enough infected individuals to enter hibernation and survive until the following year, and hence avoid an epizootic fadeout of rabies virus. We hypothesize that the slowing effects of hibernation on metabolic and viral activity maintains infected individuals and their pathogens until susceptibles from the annual birth pulse become infected and continue the cycle. This research provides a context to explore similar host ecology and viral dynamics that may explain seasonal patterns and maintenance of other bat-borne diseases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1010875108","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"George, D., Webb, C., Farnsworth, M.L., O'Shea, T., Bowen, R.A., Smith, D., Stanley, T., Ellison, L., and Rupprecht, C.E., 2011, Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 108, no. 25, p. 10208-10213, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010875108.","startPage":"10208","endPage":"10213","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475263,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3121824","text":"External Repository"},{"id":218575,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010875108"},{"id":246600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a322ce4b0c8380cd5e5a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, D.B.","contributorId":17865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, C.T.","contributorId":84199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"C.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farnsworth, Matthew L.","contributorId":56473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farnsworth","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12434,"text":"USDA, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":455205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowen, R. A.","contributorId":80623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, D.L.","contributorId":41833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stanley, T.R.","contributorId":61379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ellison, L.E.","contributorId":103610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rupprecht, C. E.","contributorId":101602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rupprecht","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70036305,"text":"70036305 - 2011 - Exploring the sensitivity of soil carbon dynamics to climate change, fire disturbance and permafrost thaw in a black spruce ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T20:28:18.332475","indexId":"70036305","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring the sensitivity of soil carbon dynamics to climate change, fire disturbance and permafrost thaw in a black spruce ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the boreal region, soil organic carbon (OC) dynamics are strongly governed by the interaction between wildfire and permafrost. Using a combination of field measurements, numerical modeling of soil thermal dynamics, and mass-balance modeling of OC dynamics, we tested the sensitivity of soil OC storage to a suite of individual climate factors (air temperature, soil moisture, and snow depth) and fire severity. We also conducted sensitivity analyses to explore the combined effects of fire-soil moisture interactions and snow seasonality on OC storage. OC losses were calculated as the difference in OC stocks after three fire cycles (~500 yr) following a prescribed step-change in climate and/or fire. Across single-factor scenarios, our findings indicate that warmer air temperatures resulted in the largest relative soil OC losses (~5.3 kg C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>), whereas dry soil conditions alone (in the absence of wildfire) resulted in the smallest carbon losses (~0.1 kg C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>). Increased fire severity resulted in carbon loss of ~3.3 kg C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, whereas changes in snow depth resulted in smaller OC losses (2.1–2.2 kg C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>). Across multiple climate factors, we observed larger OC losses than for single-factor scenarios. For instance, high fire severity regime associated with warmer and drier conditions resulted in OC losses of ~6.1 kg C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, whereas a low fire severity regime associated with warmer and wetter conditions resulted in OC losses of ~5.6 kg C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>. A longer snow-free season associated with future warming resulted in OC losses of ~5.4 kg C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>. Soil climate was the dominant control on soil OC loss, governing the sensitivity of microbial decomposers to fluctuations in temperature and soil moisture; this control, in turn, is governed by interannual changes in active layer depth. Transitional responses of the active layer depth to fire regimes also contributed to OC losses, primarily by determining the proportion of OC into frozen and unfrozen soil layers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-8-1367-2011","issn":"17264170","usgsCitation":"O'Donnell, J., Harden, J.W., McGuire, A.D., and Romanovsky, V., 2011, Exploring the sensitivity of soil carbon dynamics to climate change, fire disturbance and permafrost thaw in a black spruce ecosystem: Biogeosciences, v. 8, no. 5, p. 1367-1382, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1367-2011.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1367","endPage":"1382","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475143,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1367-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218577,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1367-2011"}],"volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e28e4b0c8380cd53310","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Donnell, J. A.","contributorId":85367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":455413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romanovsky, V.E.","contributorId":54721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032231,"text":"70032231 - 2011 - Sexing young snowy owls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:57:09","indexId":"70032231","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sexing young snowy owls","docAbstract":"We predicted sex of 140 Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus) nestlings out of 34 nests at our Barrow, Alaska, study area to develop a technique for sexing these owls in the field. We primarily sexed young, flightless owls (3844 d old) by quantifying plumage markings on the remiges and tail, predicting sex, and collecting blood samples to test our field predictions using molecular sexing techniques. We categorized and quantified three different plumage markings: two types of bars (defined as markings that touch the rachis) and spots (defined as markings that do not touch the rachis). We predicted sex in the field assuming that males had more spots than bars and females more bars than spots on the remiges and rectrices. Molecular data indicated that we correctly sexed 100% of the nestlings. We modeled the data using random forests and classification trees. Both models indicated that the number and type of markings on the secondary feathers were the most important in classifying nestling sex. The statistical models verified our initial qualitative prediction that males have more spots than bars and females more bars than spots on flight feathers P6P10 for both wings and tail feathers T1 and T2. This study provides researchers with an easily replicable and highly accurate method for sexing young Snowy Owls in the field, which should aid further studies of sex-ratios and sex-related variation in behavior and growth of this circumpolar owl species. ?? 2011 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","language":"English","publisher":"The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","doi":"10.3356/JRR-11-02.1","usgsCitation":"Seidensticker, M.T., Holt, D.W., Detienne, J., Talbot, S.L., and Gray, K., 2011, Sexing young snowy owls: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 45, no. 4, p. 281-289, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-11-02.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"289","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-11-02.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8db7e4b08c986b318506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seidensticker, Mathew T.","contributorId":99792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seidensticker","given":"Mathew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holt, Denver W.","contributorId":70609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holt","given":"Denver","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Detienne, Jennifer","contributorId":35968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Detienne","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gray, Kathy","contributorId":62949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"Kathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032232,"text":"70032232 - 2011 - Incorporating biodiversity into rangeland health: Plant species richness and diversity in great plains grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T16:44:04","indexId":"70032232","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating biodiversity into rangeland health: Plant species richness and diversity in great plains grasslands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Indicators of rangeland health generally do not include a measure of biodiversity. Increasing attention to maintaining biodiversity in rangelands suggests that this omission should be reconsidered, and plant species richness and diversity are two metrics that may be useful and appropriate. Ideally, their response to a variety of anthropogenic and natural drivers in the ecosystem of interest would be clearly understood, thereby providing a means to diagnose the cause of decline in an ecosystem. Conceptual ecological models based on ecological principles and hypotheses provide a framework for this understanding, but these models must be supported by empirical evidence if they are to be used for decision making. To that end, we synthesize results from published studies regarding the responses of plant species richness and diversity to drivers that are of management concern in Great Plains grasslands, one of North America's most imperiled ecosystems. In the published literature, moderate grazing generally has a positive effect on these metrics in tallgrass prairie and a neutral to negative effect in shortgrass prairie. The largest published effects on richness and diversity were caused by moderate grazing in tallgrass prairies and nitrogen fertilization in shortgrass prairies. Although weather is often cited as the reason for considerable annual fluctuations in richness and diversity, little information about the responses of these metrics to weather is available. Responses of the two metrics often diverged, reflecting differences in their sensitivity to different types of changes in the plant community. Although sufficient information has not yet been published for these metrics to meet all the criteria of a good indicator in Great Plains Grasslands, augmenting current methods of evaluating rangeland health with a measure of plant species richness would reduce these shortcomings and provide information critical to managing for biodiversity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.2111/REM-D-10-00136.1","issn":"15507424","usgsCitation":"Symstad, A., and Jonas, J.L., 2011, Incorporating biodiversity into rangeland health: Plant species richness and diversity in great plains grasslands: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 64, no. 6, p. 555-572, https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-10-00136.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"555","endPage":"572","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487854,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/642903","text":"External Repository"},{"id":242672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214912,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-10-00136.1"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39e6e4b0c8380cd61a95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Symstad, Amy J. 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":2611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy J.","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jonas, Jayne L.","contributorId":22680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonas","given":"Jayne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036353,"text":"70036353 - 2011 - Management intensity alters decomposition via biological pathways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-14T12:24:51","indexId":"70036353","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Management intensity alters decomposition via biological pathways","docAbstract":"Current conceptual models predict that changes in plant litter chemistry during decomposition are primarily regulated by both initial litter chemistry and the stage-or extent-of mass loss. Far less is known about how variations in decomposer community structure (e.g., resulting from different ecosystem management types) could influence litter chemistry during decomposition. Given the recent agricultural intensification occurring globally and the importance of litter chemistry in regulating soil organic matter storage, our objectives were to determine the potential effects of agricultural management on plant litter chemistry and decomposition rates, and to investigate possible links between ecosystem management, litter chemistry and decomposition, and decomposer community composition and activity. We measured decomposition rates, changes in litter chemistry, extracellular enzyme activity, microarthropod communities, and bacterial versus fungal relative abundance in replicated conventional-till, no-till, and old field agricultural sites for both corn and grass litter. After one growing season, litter decomposition under conventional-till was 20% greater than in old field communities. However, decomposition rates in no-till were not significantly different from those in old field or conventional-till sites. After decomposition, grass residue in both conventional- and no-till systems was enriched in total polysaccharides relative to initial litter, while grass litter decomposed in old fields was enriched in nitrogen-bearing compounds and lipids. These differences corresponded with differences in decomposer communities, which also exhibited strong responses to both litter and management type. Overall, our results indicate that agricultural intensification can increase litter decomposition rates, alter decomposer communities, and influence litter chemistry in ways that could have important and long-term effects on soil organic matter dynamics. We suggest that future efforts to more accurately predict soil carbon dynamics under different management regimes may need to explicitly consider how changes in litter chemistry during decomposition are influenced by the specific metabolic capabilities of the extant decomposer communities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10533-010-9510-x","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Wickings, K., Grandy, A.S., Reed, S., and Cleveland, C., 2011, Management intensity alters decomposition via biological pathways: Biogeochemistry, v. 104, no. 1-3, p. 365-379, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9510-x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"379","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218315,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9510-x"},{"id":246314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"104","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c68e4b0c8380cd69c2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wickings, Kyle","contributorId":106355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickings","given":"Kyle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grandy, A. Stuart","contributorId":48009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grandy","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Stuart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha","contributorId":70630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cleveland, Cory","contributorId":60478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Cory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032264,"text":"70032264 - 2011 - Evidence for the contemporary magmatic system beneath Long Valley Caldera from local earthquake tomography and receiver function analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-07T13:09:19","indexId":"70032264","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for the contemporary magmatic system beneath Long Valley Caldera from local earthquake tomography and receiver function analysis","docAbstract":"We present a new <i>P</i> wave and <i>S</i> wave velocity model for the upper crust beneath Long Valley Caldera obtained using local earthquake tomography and receiver function analysis. We computed the tomographic model using both a graded inversion scheme and a traditional approach. We complement the tomographic I/<sub><i>P</i></sub> model with a teleseismic receiver function model based on data from broadband seismic stations (MLAC and MKV) located on the SE and SW margins of the resurgent dome inside the caldera. The inversions resolve (1) a shallow, high-velocity <i>P</i> wave anomaly associated with the structural uplift of a resurgent dome; (2) an elongated, WNW striking low-velocity anomaly (8%–10 % reduction in I/<sub><i>P</i></sub>) at a depth of 6 km (4 km below mean sea level) beneath the southern section of the resurgent dome; and (3) a broad, low-velocity volume (&ndash;5% reduction in I/<sub><i>P</i></sub> and as much as 40% reduction in I/<sub><i>S</i></sub>) in the depth interval 8–14 km (6–12 km below mean sea level) beneath the central section of the caldera. The two low-velocity volumes partially overlap the geodetically inferred inflation sources that drove uplift of the resurgent dome associated with caldera unrest between 1980 and 2000, and they likely reflect the ascent path for magma or magmatic fluids into the upper crust beneath the caldera.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008471","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Seccia, D., Chiarabba, C., De Gori, P., Bianchi, I., and Hill, D., 2011, Evidence for the contemporary magmatic system beneath Long Valley Caldera from local earthquake tomography and receiver function analysis: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 12, 22 p.; B12314, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008471.","productDescription":"22 p.; B12314","costCenters":[{"id":367,"text":"Long Valley Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487055,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008471","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214914,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008471"},{"id":242674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.3236,36.0389 ], [ -119.3236,38.1445 ], [ -117.965,38.1445 ], [ -117.965,36.0389 ], [ -119.3236,36.0389 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d54e4b0c8380cd52f61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seccia, D.","contributorId":81323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seccia","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chiarabba, C.","contributorId":39994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiarabba","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Gori, P.","contributorId":69377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Gori","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bianchi, I.","contributorId":22165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bianchi","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hill, D.P.","contributorId":27432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032388,"text":"70032388 - 2011 - Migration delays caused by anthropogenic barriers: Modeling dams, temperature, and success of migrating salmon smolts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032388","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration delays caused by anthropogenic barriers: Modeling dams, temperature, and success of migrating salmon smolts","docAbstract":"Disruption to migration is a growing problem for conservation and restoration of animal populations. Anthropogenic barriers along migration paths can delay or prolong migrations, which may result in a mismatch with migration-timing adaptations. To understand the interaction of dams (as barriers along a migration path), seasonally changing environmental conditions, timing of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) downstream migration, and ultimate migration success, we used 10 years of river temperature and discharge data as a template upon which we simulated downstream movement of salmon. Atlantic salmon is a cool-water species whose downstream migrating smolts must complete migration before river temperatures become too warm. We found that dams had a local effect on survival as well as a survival effect that was spatially and temporally removed from the encounter with the dam. While smolts are delayed by dams, temperatures downstream can reach lethal or near-lethal temperatures;as a result, the match between completion of migration and the window of appropriate migration conditions can be disrupted. The strength of this spatially and temporally removed effect is at least comparable to the local effects of dams in determining smolt migration success in the presence of dams. We also considered smolts from different tributaries, varying in distance from the river mouth, to assess the potential importance of locally adapted migration timing on the effect of barriers. Migration-initiation temperature affected modeled smolt survival differentially across tributaries, with the success of smolts from upstream tributaries being much more variable across years than that of smolts with a shorter distance to travel. As a whole, these results point to the importance of broadening our spatial and temporal view when managing migrating populations. We must consider not only how many individuals never make it across migration barriers, but also the spatially and temporally removed consequences of delays at the barriers for those individuals that successfully navigate them. ??2011 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/10-0593.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Marschall, E., Mather, M.E., Parrish, D., Allison, G., and McMenemy, J., 2011, Migration delays caused by anthropogenic barriers: Modeling dams, temperature, and success of migrating salmon smolts: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 8, p. 3014-3031, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0593.1.","startPage":"3014","endPage":"3031","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213813,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-0593.1"},{"id":241472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56ffe4b0c8380cd6d99f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marschall, E.A.","contributorId":55124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marschall","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mather, M. E.","contributorId":71708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parrish, D.L.","contributorId":15144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allison, G.W.","contributorId":16234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allison","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McMenemy, J.R.","contributorId":103480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMenemy","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036352,"text":"70036352 - 2011 - The significance of turbulent flow representation in single-continuum models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:03","indexId":"70036352","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The significance of turbulent flow representation in single-continuum models","docAbstract":"Karst aquifers exhibit highly conductive features caused from rock dissolution processes. Flow within these structures can become turbulent and therefore can be expressed by nonlinear gradient functions. One way to account for these effects is by coupling a continuum model with a conduit network. Alternatively, turbulent flow can be considered by adapting the hydraulic conductivity within the continuum model. Consequently, the significance of turbulent flow on the dynamic behavior of karst springs is investigated by an enhanced single-continuum model that results in conduit-type flow in continuum cells (CTFC). The single-continuum approach CTFC represents laminar and turbulent flow as well as more complex hybrid models that require additional programming and numerical efforts. A parameter study is conducted to investigate the effects of turbulent flow on the response of karst springs to recharge events using the new CTFC approach, existing hybrid models, and MODFLOW-2005. Results reflect the importance of representing (1) turbulent flow in karst conduits and (2) the exchange between conduits and continuum cells. More specifically, laminar models overestimate maximum spring discharge and underestimate hydraulic gradients within the conduit. It follows that aquifer properties inferred from spring hydrographs are potentially impaired by ignoring flow effects due to turbulence. The exchange factor used for hybrid models is necessary to account for the scale dependency between hydraulic properties of the matrix continuum and conduits. This functionality, which is not included in CTFC, can be mimicked by appropriate use of the Horizontal Flow Barrier package for MODFLOW. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010WR010133","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Reimann, T., Rehrl, C., Shoemaker, W., Geyer, T., and Birk, S., 2011, The significance of turbulent flow representation in single-continuum models: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010133.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218314,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010133"},{"id":246313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb034e4b08c986b324ccb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimann, Thomas","contributorId":45536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimann","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rehrl, C.","contributorId":33938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehrl","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shoemaker, W.B. 0000-0002-7680-377X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-377X","contributorId":51889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geyer, T.","contributorId":87791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geyer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Birk, S.","contributorId":41182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birk","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032577,"text":"70032577 - 2011 - Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032577","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change","docAbstract":"Soil water content strongly affects permafrost dynamics by changing the soil thermal properties. However, the movement of liquid water, which plays an important role in the heat transport of temperate soils, has been under-represented in boreal studies. Two different heat transport models with and without convective heat transport were compared to measurements of soil temperatures in four boreal sites with different stand ages and drainage classes. Overall, soil temperatures during the growing season tended to be over-estimated by 2-4??C when movement of liquid water and water vapor was not represented in the model. The role of heat transport in water has broad implications for site responses to warming and suggests reduced vulnerability of permafrost to thaw at drier sites. This result is consistent with field observations of faster thaw in response to warming in wet sites compared to drier sites over the past 30. years in Canadian boreal forests. These results highlight that representation of water flow in heat transport models is important to simulate future soil thermal or permafrost dynamics under a changing climate. ?? 2011 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.009","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Fan, Z., Neff, J.C., Harden, J., Zhang, T., Veldhuis, H., Czimczik, C., Winston, G., and O'Donnell, J., 2011, Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change: Science of the Total Environment, v. 409, no. 10, p. 1836-1842, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.009.","startPage":"1836","endPage":"1842","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475068,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/40r7c46p","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213609,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.009"}],"volume":"409","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc79fe4b08c986b32c545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fan, Z.","contributorId":31211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neff, J. C.","contributorId":29935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, T.","contributorId":61536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Veldhuis, H.","contributorId":64410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veldhuis","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Czimczik, C.I.","contributorId":57274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czimczik","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Winston, G.C.","contributorId":106274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winston","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"O'Donnell, J. A.","contributorId":85367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032576,"text":"70032576 - 2011 - A predator-prey model with a holling type I functional response including a predator mutual interference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032576","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2401,"text":"Journal of Nonlinear Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A predator-prey model with a holling type I functional response including a predator mutual interference","docAbstract":"The most widely used functional response in describing predator-prey relationships is the Holling type II functional response, where per capita predation is a smooth, increasing, and saturating function of prey density. Beddington and DeAngelis modified the Holling type II response to include interference of predators that increases with predator density. Here we introduce a predator-interference term into a Holling type I functional response. We explain the ecological rationale for the response and note that the phase plane configuration of the predator and prey isoclines differs greatly from that of the Beddington-DeAngelis response; for example, in having three possible interior equilibria rather than one. In fact, this new functional response seems to be quite unique. We used analytical and numerical methods to show that the resulting system shows a much richer dynamical behavior than the Beddington-DeAngelis response, or other typically used functional responses. For example, cyclic-fold, saddle-fold, homoclinic saddle connection, and multiple crossing bifurcations can all occur. We then use a smooth approximation to the Holling type I functional response with predator mutual interference to show that these dynamical properties do not result from the lack of smoothness, but rather from subtle differences in the functional responses. ?? 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Nonlinear Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00332-011-9101-6","issn":"09388974","usgsCitation":"Seo, G., and DeAngelis, D., 2011, A predator-prey model with a holling type I functional response including a predator mutual interference: Journal of Nonlinear Science, v. 21, no. 6, p. 811-833, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-011-9101-6.","startPage":"811","endPage":"833","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213608,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00332-011-9101-6"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4eae4b0c8380cd46a0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seo, G.","contributorId":29225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seo","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032575,"text":"70032575 - 2011 - Modeling hydrologic and geomorphic hazards across post-fire landscapes using a self-organizing map approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T13:37:23","indexId":"70032575","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling hydrologic and geomorphic hazards across post-fire landscapes using a self-organizing map approach","docAbstract":"<p>Few studies attempt to model the range of possible post-fire hydrologic and geomorphic hazards because of the sparseness of data and the coupled, nonlinear, spatial, and temporal relationships among landscape variables. In this study, a type of unsupervised artificial neural network, called a self-organized map (SOM), is trained using data from 540 burned basins in the western United States. The sparsely populated data set includes variables from independent numerical landscape categories (climate, land surface form, geologic texture, and post-fire condition), independent landscape classes (bedrock geology and state), and dependent initiation processes (runoff, landslide, and runoff and landslide combination) and responses (debris flows, floods, and no events). Pattern analysis of the SOM-based component planes is used to identify and interpret relations among the variables. Application of the Davies-Bouldin criteria following k-means clustering of the SOM neurons identified eight conceptual regional models for focusing future research and empirical model development. A split-sample validation on 60 independent basins (not included in the training) indicates that simultaneous predictions of initiation process and response types are at least 78% accurate. As climate shifts from wet to dry conditions, forecasts across the burned landscape reveal a decreasing trend in the total number of debris flow, flood, and runoff events with considerable variability among individual basins. These findings suggest the SOM may be useful in forecasting real-time post-fire hazards, and long-term post-recovery processes and effects of climate change scenarios.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.07.001","issn":"13648152","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M.J., 2011, Modeling hydrologic and geomorphic hazards across post-fire landscapes using a self-organizing map approach: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 26, no. 12, p. 1660-1674, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.07.001.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1660","endPage":"1674","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c03e4b0c8380cd6f981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}