{"pageNumber":"773","pageRowStart":"19300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40777,"records":[{"id":70032507,"text":"70032507 - 2011 - Coulomb stress change sensitivity due to variability in mainshock source models and receiving fault parameters: A case study of the 2010-2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:08:44","indexId":"70032507","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coulomb stress change sensitivity due to variability in mainshock source models and receiving fault parameters: A case study of the 2010-2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes","docAbstract":"Strong aftershocks following major earthquakes present significant challenges for infrastructure recovery as well as for emergency rescue efforts. A tragic instance of this is the 22 February 2011 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 6.3 Christchurch aftershock in New Zealand, which caused more than 100 deaths while the 2010 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 7.1 Canterbury mainshock did not cause a single fatality (Figure 1). Therefore, substantial efforts have been directed toward understanding the generation mechanisms of aftershocks as well as mitigating hazards due to aftershocks. Among these efforts are the prediction of strong aftershocks, earthquake early warning, and aftershock probability assessment. Zhang <i>et al.</i> (1999) reported a successful case of strong aftershock prediction with precursory data such as changes in seismicity pattern, variation of b-value, and geomagnetic anomalies. However, official reports of such successful predictions in geophysical journals are extremely rare, implying that deterministic prediction of potentially damaging aftershocks is not necessarily more scientifically feasible than prediction of mainshocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.82.6.800","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Zhan, Z., Jin, B., Wei, S., and Graves, R.W., 2011, Coulomb stress change sensitivity due to variability in mainshock source models and receiving fault parameters: A case study of the 2010-2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes: Seismological Research Letters, v. 82, no. 6, p. 800-814, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.6.800.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"800","endPage":"814","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213605,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.6.800"}],"country":"New Zealand","city":"Christchurch","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.81,-43.63 ], [ 172.81,-43.39 ], [ 172.39,-43.39 ], [ 172.39,-43.63 ], [ 172.81,-43.63 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"82","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc84e4b0c8380cd4e2c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhan, Zhongwen","contributorId":11491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhan","given":"Zhongwen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jin, Bikai","contributorId":107999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"Bikai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wei, Shengji","contributorId":31652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Shengji","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graves, Robert W. rwgraves@usgs.gov","contributorId":3149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","email":"rwgraves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70055896,"text":"70055896 - 2011 - Helicopter magnetic and electromagnetic surveys at Mounts Adams, Baker and Rainier, Washington: implications for debris flow hazards and volcano hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-19T18:59:26.414195","indexId":"70055896","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Helicopter magnetic and electromagnetic surveys at Mounts Adams, Baker and Rainier, Washington: implications for debris flow hazards and volcano hydrology","docAbstract":"<p><span>High‐resolution helicopter magnetic and electromagnetic (HEM) data flown over the rugged, ice‐covered Mt. Adams, Mt. Baker and Mt. Rainier volcanoes (Washington), reveal the distribution of alteration, water and ice thickness essential to evaluating volcanic landslide hazards. These data, combined with geological mapping and rock property measurements, indicate the presence of appreciable thicknesses (&gt;500 m) of water‐saturated hydrothermally altered rock west of the modern summit of Mount Rainier in the Sunset Amphitheater region and in the central core of Mount Adams north of the summit. Alteration at Mount Baker is restricted to thinner (&lt;300 m) zones beneath Sherman Crater and the Dorr Fumarole Fields. The EM data identified water‐saturated rocks from the surface to the detection limit (100&ndash;200 m) in discreet zones at Mt. Rainier and Mt Adams and over the entire summit region at Mt. Baker. The best estimates for ice thickness are obtained over relatively low resistivity (&lt;800 ohm‐m) ground for the main ice cap on Mt. Adams and over most of the summit of Mt. Baker. The modeled distribution of alteration, pore fluids and partial ice volumes on the volcanoes helps identify likely sources for future alteration‐related debris flows, including the Sunset Amphitheater region at Mt. Rainier, steep cliffs at the western edge of the central altered zone at Mount Adams and eastern flanks of Mt. Baker.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Workshop on Gravity, Electrical & Magnetic Methods and Their Applications, Beijing, China, October 10-13, 2011","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Workshop on Gravity, Electrical & Magnetic Methods and Their Applications, Beijing, China, October 10-13, 2011","conferenceDate":"October 10-13, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Beijing, China","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.3659065","usgsCitation":"Finn, C.A., and Deszcz-Pan, M., 2011, Helicopter magnetic and electromagnetic surveys at Mounts Adams, Baker and Rainier, Washington: implications for debris flow hazards and volcano hydrology, <i>in</i> International Workshop on Gravity, Electrical & Magnetic Methods and Their Applications, Beijing, China, October 10-13, 2011, Beijing, China, October 10-13, 2011, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3659065.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030425","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299364,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Adams, Mount Baker, Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.84200306934184,\n              46.93722614399013\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.84200306934184,\n              46.78827550036689\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.62012445724865,\n              46.78827550036689\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.62012445724865,\n              46.93722614399013\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.84200306934184,\n              46.93722614399013\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.88412388017676,\n              48.83985693441136\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.88412388017676,\n              48.72595868701214\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74121006389123,\n              48.72595868701214\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74121006389123,\n              48.83985693441136\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.88412388017676,\n              48.83985693441136\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.56989136689592,\n              46.278660025581104\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.56989136689592,\n              46.099510596725935\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.38175341912235,\n              46.099510596725935\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.38175341912235,\n              46.278660025581104\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.56989136689592,\n              46.278660025581104\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551fb9bae4b027f0aee3bb0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deszcz-Pan, Maria 0000-0002-6298-5314 maryla@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-5314","contributorId":1263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deszcz-Pan","given":"Maria","email":"maryla@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036314,"text":"70036314 - 2011 - Is the northern high-latitude land-based CO2 sink weakening?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:03","indexId":"70036314","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is the northern high-latitude land-based CO2 sink weakening?","docAbstract":"Studies indicate that, historically, terrestrial ecosystems of the northern high-latitude region may have been responsible for up to 60% of the global net land-based sink for atmospheric CO2. However, these regions have recently experienced remarkable modification of the major driving forces of the carbon cycle, including surface air temperature warming that is significantly greater than the global average and associated increases in the frequency and severity of disturbances. Whether Arctic tundra and boreal forest ecosystems will continue to sequester atmospheric CO2 in the face of these dramatic changes is unknown. Here we show the results of model simulations that estimate a 41 Tg C yr-1 sink in the boreal land regions from 1997 to 2006, which represents a 73% reduction in the strength of the sink estimated for previous decades in the late 20th century. Our results suggest that CO 2 uptake by the region in previous decades may not be as strong as previously estimated. The recent decline in sink strength is the combined result of (1) weakening sinks due to warming-induced increases in soil organic matter decomposition and (2) strengthening sources from pyrogenic CO2 emissions as a result of the substantial area of boreal forest burned in wildfires across the region in recent years. Such changes create positive feedbacks to the climate system that accelerate global warming, putting further pressure on emission reductions to achieve atmospheric stabilization targets. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010GB003813","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Hayes, D., McGuire, A., Kicklighter, D., Gurney, K., Burnside, T., and Melillo, J.M., 2011, Is the northern high-latitude land-based CO2 sink weakening?: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 25, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003813.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475268,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010gb003813","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218225,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003813"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f2de4b0c8380cd6430d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, D.J.","contributorId":56074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":455463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gurney, K.R.","contributorId":102310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurney","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burnside, T.J.","contributorId":73014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnside","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033884,"text":"70033884 - 2011 - Calibration of models using groundwater age","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T17:06:03","indexId":"70033884","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration of models using groundwater age","docAbstract":"There have been substantial efforts recently by geochemists to determine the age of groundwater (time since water entered the system) and its uncertainty, and by hydrologists to use these data to help calibrate groundwater models. This essay discusses the calibration of models using groundwater age, with conclusions that emphasize what is practical given current limitations rather than theoretical possibilities.","language":"English, French","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-010-0637-6","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., 2011, Calibration of models using groundwater age: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, no. 1, p. 13-16, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0637-6.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f316e4b0c8380cd4b5c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034659,"text":"70034659 - 2011 - Algal bioassessment metrics for wadeable streams and rivers of Maine, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T15:33:29.101115","indexId":"70034659","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Algal bioassessment metrics for wadeable streams and rivers of Maine, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many state water-quality agencies use biological assessment methods based on lotic fish and macroinvertebrate communities, but relatively few states have incorporated algal multimetric indices into monitoring programs. Algae are good indicators for monitoring water quality because they are sensitive to many environmental stressors. We evaluated benthic algal community attributes along a landuse gradient affecting wadeable streams and rivers in Maine, USA, to identify potential bioassessment metrics. We collected epilithic algal samples from 193 locations across the state. We computed weighted-average optima for common taxa for total P, total N, specific conductance, % impervious cover, and % developed watershed, which included all land use that is no longer forest or wetland. We assigned Maine stream tolerance values and categories (sensitive, intermediate, tolerant) to taxa based on their optima and responses to watershed disturbance. We evaluated performance of algal community metrics used in multimetric indices from other regions and novel metrics based on Maine data. Metrics specific to Maine data, such as the relative richness of species characterized as being sensitive in Maine, were more correlated with % developed watershed than most metrics used in other regions. Few community-structure attributes (e.g., species richness) were useful metrics in Maine. Performance of algal bioassessment models would be improved if metrics were evaluated with attributes of local data before inclusion in multimetric indices or statistical models.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1899/10-162.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Danielson, T.J., Loftin, C., Tsomides, L., DiFranco, J.L., and Connors, B., 2011, Algal bioassessment metrics for wadeable streams and rivers of Maine, USA: Freshwater Science, v. 30, no. 4, p. 1033-1048, https://doi.org/10.1899/10-162.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1033","endPage":"1048","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-025908","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215599,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/10-162.1"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e95de4b0c8380cd48218","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danielson, Thomas J.","contributorId":195761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Danielson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Cynthia S. 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":2167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cynthia S.","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":446901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tsomides, Leonidas","contributorId":195762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsomides","given":"Leonidas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DiFranco, Jeanne L.","contributorId":195763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DiFranco","given":"Jeanne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Connors, Beth","contributorId":195764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connors","given":"Beth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035987,"text":"70035987 - 2011 - Why replication is important in landscape genetics: American black bear in the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T13:26:08","indexId":"70035987","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Why replication is important in landscape genetics: American black bear in the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"<p><span>We investigated how landscape features influence gene flow of black bears by testing the relative support for 36 alternative landscape resistance hypotheses, including isolation by distance (IBD) in each of 12 study areas in the north central U.S. Rocky Mountains. The study areas all contained the same basic elements, but differed in extent of forest fragmentation, altitude, variation in elevation and road coverage. In all but one of the study areas, isolation by landscape resistance was more supported than IBD suggesting gene flow is likely influenced by elevation, forest cover, and roads. However, the landscape features influencing gene flow varied among study areas. Using subsets of loci usually gave models with the very similar landscape features influencing gene flow as with all loci, suggesting the landscape features influencing gene flow were correctly identified. To test if the cause of the variability of supported landscape features in study areas resulted from landscape differences among study areas, we conducted a limiting factor analysis. We found that features were supported in landscape models only when the features were highly variable. This is perhaps not surprising but suggests an important cautionary note – that if landscape features are not found to influence gene flow, researchers should not automatically conclude that the features are unimportant to the species’ movement and gene flow. Failure to investigate multiple study areas that have a range of variability in landscape features could cause misleading inferences about which landscape features generally limit gene flow. This could lead to potentially erroneous identification of corridors and barriers if models are transferred between areas with different landscape characteristics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04944.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Short, B., Cushman, S., MacE, R., Chilton, T., Kendall, K., Landguth, E., Schwartz, M.L., McKelvey, K., Allendorf, F., and Luikart, G., 2011, Why replication is important in landscape genetics: American black bear in the Rocky Mountains: Molecular Ecology, v. 20, no. 6, p. 1092-1107, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04944.x.","startPage":"1092","endPage":"1107","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-023028","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216417,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04944.x"}],"volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0a5e4b08c986b32ef9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Short, Bull","contributorId":35981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"Bull","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cushman, S.A.","contributorId":92876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushman","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacE, R.","contributorId":46328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacE","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chilton, T.","contributorId":72228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chilton","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendall, K.C.","contributorId":39716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Landguth, E.L.","contributorId":30049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landguth","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schwartz, Maurice L.","contributorId":35982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McKelvey, K.","contributorId":88179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKelvey","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Allendorf, F.W.","contributorId":99937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allendorf","given":"F.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Luikart, G.","contributorId":25515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luikart","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70035746,"text":"70035746 - 2011 - Ant-nest ichnofossils in honeycomb calcretes, Neogene Ogallala Formation, High Plains region of western Kansas, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-16T18:20:27.022283","indexId":"70035746","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ant-nest ichnofossils in honeycomb calcretes, Neogene Ogallala Formation, High Plains region of western Kansas, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0050\">Two new ant-nest trace fossils are described from calcic sandy paleosols of the Neogene Ogallala Formation in western Kansas. The ichnofossils are preserved within and below calcrete beds weathering in positive relief as carbonate-filled casts or as cavities in negative relief.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Daimoniobarax</i><span>&nbsp;</span>ichnogenus nov. is established for burrow systems composed of vertically tiered, horizontally oriented pancake-shaped chambers connected by predominantly vertical and cylindrical shafts ~&nbsp;0.8&nbsp;cm in diameter. Ichnospecies of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Daimoniobarax</i><span>&nbsp;</span>are differentiated based on differences in the plan view outline of chambers, shaft orientation, and junctions between chambers and shafts.</p><p id=\"sp0055\"><i>Daimoniobarax nephroides</i><span>&nbsp;</span>ichnospecies nov. is composed of an ~&nbsp;24–76&nbsp;cm long vertical sequence of distinctly lobed chambers (~&nbsp;2–20&nbsp;cm wide and ~&nbsp;1&nbsp;cm high) arranged along sinuous to helical shafts. Chamber shape in plan view ranges from small teardrops to larger kidney- and U-shaped forms. Shafts intersect at chamber edges such that chambers appear to bud from the central shafts.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Daimoniobarax nephroides</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is most similar to the nests of extant seed-harvester ants of the New World genus<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pogonomyrmex</i>. Such ants are specialized granivores and prefer sandy soils in arid to semi-arid grassland and desert regions.</p><p id=\"sp0060\"><i>Daimoniobarax tschinkeli</i><span>&nbsp;</span>ichnospecies nov. is ~&nbsp;30–80&nbsp;cm in vertical extent. Chambers (~&nbsp;2–30&nbsp;cm wide and ~&nbsp;1&nbsp;cm high) are circular to elongate or pseudopodial in plan view. Vertical shafts are straight to slightly sinuous and intersect most often toward the center of the chambers. The generalized architecture of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D. tschinkeli</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is similar to that of the nests or nest portions of several extant ant genera, though it does not closely resemble any known modern nest.</p><p id=\"sp0065\">Ant ichnofossils provide valuable information on hidden biodiversity, paleohydrologic regimes, paleopedogenic processes, and paleoclimate during the time of nest occupation. Depth-related changes in chamber size and vertical spacing may also help interpret paleosurfaces and paleodepths, and serve as geopetal features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.046","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., Platt, B., Ludvigson, G.A., and Thomasson, J., 2011, Ant-nest ichnofossils in honeycomb calcretes, Neogene Ogallala Formation, High Plains region of western Kansas, U.S.A.: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 308, no. 3-4, p. 383-394, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.046.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"394","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216462,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.046"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"High Plains region of western Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.16259765625,\n              43.03677585761058\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0625,\n              43.004647127794435\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.19433593749999,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.041015625,\n              40.93011520598305\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.15087890624999,\n              40.01078714046552\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.31689453125,\n              40.027614437486655\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.734375,\n              42.827638636242284\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.28369140625,\n              42.827638636242284\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.6572265625,\n              43.004647127794435\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.16259765625,\n              43.03677585761058\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"308","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec50e4b0c8380cd491be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J.J.","contributorId":106175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Platt, B.F.","contributorId":21372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platt","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomasson, J.R.","contributorId":83359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomasson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036668,"text":"70036668 - 2011 - Rating curve estimation of nutrient loads in Iowa rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T17:00:30.039285","indexId":"70036668","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rating curve estimation of nutrient loads in Iowa rivers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate estimation of nutrient loads in rivers and streams is critical for many applications including determination of sources of nutrient loads in watersheds, evaluating long-term trends in loads, and estimating loading to downstream waterbodies. Since in many cases nutrient concentrations are measured on a weekly or monthly frequency, there is a need to estimate concentration and loads during periods when no data is available. The objectives of this study were to: (i) document the performance of a multiple regression model to predict loads of nitrate and total phosphorus (TP) in Iowa rivers and streams; (ii) determine whether there is any systematic bias in the load prediction estimates for nitrate and TP; and (iii) evaluate&nbsp;streamflow&nbsp;and concentration factors that could affect the load prediction efficiency. A commonly cited rating curve regression is utilized to estimate riverine nitrate and TP loads for rivers in Iowa with watershed areas ranging from 17.4 to over 34,600</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km</span><sup>2</sup><span>. Forty-nine nitrate and 44 TP datasets each comprising 5–22</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>years of approximately weekly to monthly concentrations were examined. Three nitrate data sets had sample collection frequencies averaging about three samples per week. The accuracy and precision of annual and long term riverine load prediction was assessed by direct comparison of rating curve load predictions with observed daily loads. Significant positive bias of annual and long term nitrate loads was detected. Long term rating curve nitrate load predictions exceeded observed loads by 25% or more at 33% of the 49 measurement sites. No bias was found for TP load prediction although 15% of the 44 cases either underestimated or overestimate observed long-term loads by more than 25%. The rating curve was found to poorly characterize nitrate and phosphorus variation in some rivers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.006","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Stenback, G., Crumpton, W., Schilling, K.E., and Helmers, M., 2011, Rating curve estimation of nutrient loads in Iowa rivers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 396, no. 1-2, p. 158-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"158","endPage":"169","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217530,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Iowa River 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 \"}}]}","volume":"396","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a954de4b0c8380cd8192a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stenback, G.A.","contributorId":16249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenback","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crumpton, W.G.","contributorId":92082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crumpton","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Helmers, M.J.","contributorId":89380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmers","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032334,"text":"70032334 - 2011 - Monitoring the Earthquake source process in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032334","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring the Earthquake source process in North America","docAbstract":"With the implementation of the USGS National Earthquake Information Center Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response system (PAGER), rapid determination of earthquake moment magnitude is essential, especially for earthquakes that are felt within the contiguous United States. We report an implementation of moment tensor processing for application to broad, seismically active areas of North America. This effort focuses on the selection of regional crustal velocity models, codification of data quality tests, and the development of procedures for rapid computation of the seismic moment tensor. We systematically apply these techniques to earthquakes with reported magnitude greater than 3.5 in continental North America that are not associated with a tectonic plate boundary. Using the 0.02-0.10 Hz passband, we can usually determine, with few exceptions, moment tensor solutions for earthquakes with M  w as small as 3.7. The threshold is significantly influenced by the density of stations, the location of the earthquake relative to the seismic stations and, of course, the signal-to-noise ratio. With the existing permanent broadband stations in North America operated for rapid earthquake response, the seismic moment tensor of most earthquakes that are M  w 4 or larger can be routinely computed. As expected the nonuniform spatial pattern of these solutions reflects the seismicity pattern. However, the orientation of the direction of maximum compressive stress and the predominant style of faulting is spatially coherent across large regions of the continent.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120110095","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Herrmann, R., Benz, H., and Ammon, C., 2011, Monitoring the Earthquake source process in North America: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 6, p. 2609-2625, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110095.","startPage":"2609","endPage":"2625","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215015,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120110095"},{"id":242780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5de4e4b0c8380cd70679","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herrmann, Robert B.","contributorId":80255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benz, H.","contributorId":61953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ammon, C.J.","contributorId":28389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ammon","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032328,"text":"70032328 - 2011 - On the use of the beta distribution in probabilistic resource assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T15:46:17","indexId":"70032328","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the use of the beta distribution in probabilistic resource assessments","docAbstract":"<p><span>The triangular distribution is a popular choice when it comes to modeling bounded continuous random variables. Its wide acceptance derives mostly from its simple analytic properties and the ease with which modelers can specify its three parameters through the extremes and the mode. On the negative side, hardly any real process follows a triangular distribution, which from the outset puts at a disadvantage any model employing triangular distributions. At a time when numerical techniques such as the Monte Carlo method are displacing analytic approaches in stochastic resource assessments, easy specification remains the most attractive characteristic of the triangular distribution. The beta distribution is another continuous distribution defined within a finite interval offering wider flexibility in style of variation, thus allowing consideration of models in which the random variables closely follow the observed or expected styles of variation. Despite its more complex definition, generation of values following a beta distribution is as straightforward as generating values following a triangular distribution, leaving the selection of parameters as the main impediment to practically considering beta distributions. This contribution intends to promote the acceptance of the beta distribution by explaining its properties and offering several suggestions to facilitate the specification of its two shape parameters. In general, given the same distributional parameters, use of the beta distributions in stochastic modeling may yield significantly different results, yet better estimates, than the triangular distribution.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-011-9153-1","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., 2011, On the use of the beta distribution in probabilistic resource assessments: Natural Resources Research, v. 20, no. 4, p. 377-388, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-011-9153-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"388","ipdsId":"IP-027096","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214916,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-011-9153-1"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6db0e4b0c8380cd7528e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032325,"text":"70032325 - 2011 - The distribution and abundance of a nuisance native alga, Didymosphen Didymosphenia geminata, in streams of Glacier National Park: Climate drivers and management implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032325","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution and abundance of a nuisance native alga, Didymosphen Didymosphenia geminata, in streams of Glacier National Park: Climate drivers and management implications","docAbstract":"Didymosphenia geminata (didymo) is a freshwater alga native to North America, including Glacier National Park, Montana. It has long been considered a cold-water species, but has recently spread to lower latitudes and warmer waters, and increasingly forms large blooms that cover streambeds. We used a comprehensive monitoring data set from the National Park Service (NPS) and USGS models of stream temperatures to explore the drivers of didymo abundance in Glacier National Park. We estimate that approximately 64% of the stream length in the park contains didymo, with around 5% in a bloom state. Results suggest that didymo abundance likely increased over the study period (2007-2009), with blooms becoming more common. Our models suggest that didymo abundance is positively related to summer stream temperatures and negatively related to total nitrogen and the distance downstream from lakes. Regional climate model simulations indicate that stream temperatures in the park will likely continue to increase over the coming decades, which may increase the extent and severity of didymo blooms. As a result, didymo may be a useful indicator of thermal and hydrological modification associated with climate warming, especially in a relatively pristine system like Glacier where proximate human-related disturbances are absent or reduced. Glacier National Park plays an important role as a sentinel for climate change and associated education across the Rocky Mountain region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Park Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07359462","usgsCitation":"William, S.E., Ashton, I., Muhlfeld, C., Jones, L., and Bahls, L., 2011, The distribution and abundance of a nuisance native alga, Didymosphen Didymosphenia geminata, in streams of Glacier National Park: Climate drivers and management implications: Park Science, v. 28, no. 2.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baacae4b08c986b3229f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"William, Schweiger E.","contributorId":60463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"William","given":"Schweiger","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashton, I.W.","contributorId":101900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashton","given":"I.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muhlfeld, C.C.","contributorId":97850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, L.A.","contributorId":38794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bahls, L.L.","contributorId":36208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahls","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035753,"text":"70035753 - 2011 - Volcanic plume height measured by seismic waves based on a mechanical model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T11:06:38","indexId":"70035753","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic plume height measured by seismic waves based on a mechanical model","docAbstract":"In August 2008 an unmonitored, largely unstudied Aleutian volcano, Kasatochi, erupted catastrophically. Here we use seismic data to infer the height of large eruptive columns such as those of Kasatochi based on a combination of existing fluid and solid mechanical models. In so doing, we propose a connection between a common, observable, short-period seismic wave amplitude to the physics of an eruptive column. To construct a combined model, we estimate the mass ejection rate of material from the vent on the basis of the plume height, assuming that the height is controlled by thermal buoyancy for a continuous plume. Using the estimated mass ejection rate, we then derive the equivalent vertical force on the Earth through a momentum balance. Finally, we calculate the far-field surface waves resulting from the vertical force. The model performs well for recent eruptions of Kasatochi and Augustine volcanoes if <i>v</i>, the velocity of material exiting the vent, is 120-230 m s<sup>-1</sup>. The consistency between the seismically inferred and measured plume heights indicates that in these cases the far-field ~1 s seismic energy radiated by fluctuating flow in the volcanic jet during the eruption is a useful indicator of overall mass ejection rates. Thus, use of the model holds promise for characterizing eruptions and evaluating ash hazards to aircraft in real time on the basis of far-field short-period seismic data. This study emphasizes the need for better measurements of eruptive plume heights and a more detailed understanding of the full spectrum of seismic energy radiated coeruptively.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007620","isbn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Prejean, S.G., and Brodsky, E.E., 2011, Volcanic plume height measured by seismic waves based on a mechanical model: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. B1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007620.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"B01306","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475203,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007620","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216077,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007620"},{"id":243919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2fee4b08c986b32aec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":452195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brodsky, Emily E.","contributorId":29660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brodsky","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036392,"text":"70036392 - 2011 - Revisiting the Earth's sea-level and energy budgets from 1961 to 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-14T09:21:45","indexId":"70036392","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revisiting the Earth's sea-level and energy budgets from 1961 to 2008","docAbstract":"We review the sea-level and energy budgets together from 1961, using recent and updated estimates of all terms. From 1972 to 2008, the observed sea-level rise (1.8 0.2 mm yr-1 from tide gauges alone and 2.1 0.2 mm yr -1 from a combination of tide gauges and altimeter observations) agrees well with the sum of contributions (1.8 0.4 mm yr-1) in magnitude and with both having similar increases in the rate of rise during the period. The largest contributions come from ocean thermal expansion (0.8 mm yr-1) and the melting of glaciers and ice caps (0.7 mm yr -1), with Greenland and Antarctica contributing about 0.4 mm yr -1. The cryospheric contributions increase through the period (particularly in the 1990s) but the thermosteric contribution increases less rapidly. We include an improved estimate of aquifer depletion (0.3 mm yr -1), partially offsetting the retention of water in dams and giving a total terrestrial storage contribution of-0.1 mm yr-1. Ocean warming (90% of the total of the Earth's energy increase) continues through to the end of the record, in agreement with continued greenhouse gas forcing. The aerosol forcing, inferred as a residual in the atmospheric energy balance, is estimated as-0.8 0.4 W m-2 for the 1980s and early 1990s. It increases in the late 1990s, as is required for consistency with little surface warming over the last decade. This increase is likely at least partially related to substantial increases in aerosol emissions from developing nations and moderate volcanic activity. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1029/2011GL048794","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Church, J.A., White, N.J., Konikow, L.F., Domingues, C.M., Cogley, J., Rignot, E., Gregory, J.M., van den Broeke, M.R., Monaghan, A., and Velicogna, I., 2011, Revisiting the Earth's sea-level and energy budgets from 1961 to 2008: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 18, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048794.","productDescription":"8 p.","temporalStart":"1961-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475437,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl048794","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218407,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048794"}],"volume":"38","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad2ce4b0c8380cd86e4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, John A.","contributorId":7952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Neil J.","contributorId":31609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Domingues, Catia M.","contributorId":43211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domingues","given":"Catia","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cogley, J. Graham","contributorId":63252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cogley","given":"J. Graham","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rignot, Eric","contributorId":34760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rignot","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gregory, Jonathan M.","contributorId":56080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"van den Broeke, Michiel R.","contributorId":68149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van den Broeke","given":"Michiel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Monaghan, Andrew J.","contributorId":61682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monaghan","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Velicogna, Isabella","contributorId":91727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velicogna","given":"Isabella","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70032265,"text":"70032265 - 2011 - Social network models predict movement and connectivity in ecological landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032265","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Social network models predict movement and connectivity in ecological landscapes","docAbstract":"Network analysis is on the rise across scientific disciplines because of its ability to reveal complex, and often emergent, patterns and dynamics. Nonetheless, a growing concern in network analysis is the use of limited data for constructing networks. This concern is strikingly relevant to ecology and conservation biology, where network analysis is used to infer connectivity across landscapes. In this context, movement among patches is the crucial parameter for interpreting connectivity but because of the difficulty of collecting reliable movement data, most network analysis proceeds with only indirect information on movement across landscapes rather than using observed movement to construct networks. Statistical models developed for social networks provide promising alternatives for landscape network construction because they can leverage limited movement information to predict linkages. Using two mark-recapture datasets on individual movement and connectivity across landscapes, we test whether commonly used network constructions for interpreting connectivity can predict actual linkages and network structure, and we contrast these approaches to social network models. We find that currently applied network constructions for assessing connectivity consistently, and substantially, overpredict actual connectivity, resulting in considerable overestimation of metapopulation lifetime. Furthermore, social network models provide accurate predictions of network structure, and can do so with remarkably limited data on movement. Social network models offer a flexible and powerful way for not only understanding the factors influencing connectivity but also for providing more reliable estimates of connectivity and metapopulation persistence in the face of limited data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1107549108","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, R.J., Acevedo, M., Reichert, B.E., Pias, K., and Kitchens, W., 2011, Social network models predict movement and connectivity in ecological landscapes: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 108, no. 48, p. 19282-19287, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107549108.","startPage":"19282","endPage":"19287","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475302,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107549108","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214946,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107549108"},{"id":242707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91c2e4b08c986b319aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, R. J. Jr.","contributorId":88120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Acevedo, M.A.","contributorId":91317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichert, Brian E. 0000-0002-9640-0695","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9640-0695","contributorId":22166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichert","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pias, Kyle E.","contributorId":26535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pias","given":"Kyle E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kitchens, W.M.","contributorId":87647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036638,"text":"70036638 - 2011 - Modal-pushover-based ground-motion scaling procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T09:49:37","indexId":"70036638","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2467,"text":"Journal of Structural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modal-pushover-based ground-motion scaling procedure","docAbstract":"Earthquake engineering is increasingly using nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) to demonstrate the performance of structures. This rigorous method of analysis requires selection and scaling of ground motions appropriate to design hazard levels. This paper presents a modal-pushover-based scaling (MPS) procedure to scale ground motions for use in a nonlinear RHA of buildings. In the MPS method, the ground motions are scaled to match to a specified tolerance, a target value of the inelastic deformation of the first-mode inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDF) system whose properties are determined by the first-mode pushover analysis. Appropriate for first-mode dominated structures, this approach is extended for structures with significant contributions of higher modes by considering elastic deformation of second-mode SDF systems in selecting a subset of the scaled ground motions. Based on results presented for three actual buildings-4, 6, and 13-story-the accuracy and efficiency of the MPS procedure are established and its superiority over the ASCE/SEI 7-05 scaling procedure is demonstrated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000308","issn":"07339445","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., and Chopra, A.K., 2011, Modal-pushover-based ground-motion scaling procedure: Journal of Structural Engineering, v. 137, no. 3, p. 298-310, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000308.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217528,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000308"},{"id":245481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b9de4b0c8380cd6f6a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chopra, Anil K.","contributorId":79202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chopra","given":"Anil","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034083,"text":"70034083 - 2011 - Toward a consistent model for strain accrual and release for the New Madrid Seismic Zone, central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-30T12:38:09","indexId":"70034083","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward a consistent model for strain accrual and release for the New Madrid Seismic Zone, central United States","docAbstract":"At the heart of the conundrum of seismogenesis in the New Madrid Seismic Zone is the apparently substantial discrepancy between low strain rate and high recent seismic moment release. In this study we revisit the magnitudes of the four principal 1811–1812 earthquakes using intensity values determined from individual assessments from four experts. Using these values and the grid search method of Bakun and Wentworth (1997), we estimate magnitudes around 7.0 for all four events, values that are significantly lower than previously published magnitude estimates based on macroseismic intensities. We further show that the strain rate predicted from postglacial rebound is sufficient to produce a sequence with the moment release of one M<sub>max</sub>6.8 every 500 years, a rate that is much lower than previous estimates of late Holocene moment release. However, M<sub>w</sub>6.8 is at the low end of the uncertainty range inferred from analysis of intensities for the largest 1811–1812 event. We show that M<sub>w</sub>6.8 is also a reasonable value for the largest main shock given a plausible rupture scenario. One can also construct a range of consistent models that permit a somewhat higher M<sub>max</sub>, with a longer average recurrence rate. It is thus possible to reconcile predicted strain and seismic moment release rates with alternative models: one in which 1811–1812 sequences occur every 500 years, with the largest events being M<sub>max</sub>∼6.8, or one in which sequences occur, on average, less frequently, with Mmax of ∼7.0. Both models predict that the late Holocene rate of activity will continue for the next few to 10 thousand years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007783","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., and Page, M., 2011, Toward a consistent model for strain accrual and release for the New Madrid Seismic Zone, central United States: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007783.","costCenters":[{"id":151,"text":"California Field Office","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475250,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007783","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216602,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007783"},{"id":244482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New Madrid Seismic Zone","volume":"116","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5b0e4b08c986b32681f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, M.","contributorId":67649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034394,"text":"70034394 - 2011 - The dark side of the hyporheic zone: Depth profiles of nitrogen and its processing in stream sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T18:04:23.169276","indexId":"70034394","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The dark side of the hyporheic zone: Depth profiles of nitrogen and its processing in stream sediments","docAbstract":"<p>1. Although it is well known that sediments can be hot spots for nitrogen transformation in streams, many previous studies have confined measurements of denitrification and nitrate retention to shallow sediments (&lt;5 cm deep). We determined the extent of nitrate processing in deeper sediments of a sand plains stream (Emmons Creek) by measuring denitrification in core sections to a depth of 25 cm and by assessing vertical nitrate profiles, with peepers and piezometers, to a depth of 70 cm.</p><p>2. Denitrification rates of sediment slurries based on acetylene block were higher in shallower core sections. However, core sections deeper than 5 cm accounted for 68% of the mean depth‐integrated denitrification rate.</p><p>3. Vertical hydraulic gradient and vertical profiles of pore water chloride concentration suggested that deep ground water upwelled through shallow sediments before discharging to the stream channel. The results of a two‐source mixing model based on chloride concentrations suggested that the hyporheic zone was very shallow (&lt;5 cm) in Emmons Creek.</p><p>4. Vertical profiles showed that nitrate concentration in shallow ground water was about 10–60% of the nitrate concentration of deep ground water. The mean nitrate concentrations of deep and shallow ground water were 2.17 and 0.73 mg NO<sub>3</sub>‐N L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively.</p><p>5. Deep ground water tended to be oxic (6.9 mg O<sub>2</sub> L<sup>−1</sup>) but approached anoxia (0.8 mg O<sub>2</sub> L<sup>−1</sup>) after passing through shallow, organic carbon‐rich sediments, which suggests that the decline in the nitrate concentrations of upwelling ground water was because of denitrification.</p><p>6. Collectively, our results suggest that there is substantial nitrate removal occurring in deep sediments, below the hyporheic zone, in Emmons Creek. Our findings suggest that not accounting for nitrate removal in deep sediments could lead to underestimates of nitrogen processing in streams and catchments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02632.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Stelzer, R., Bartsch, L., Richardson, W.B., and Strauss, E., 2011, The dark side of the hyporheic zone: Depth profiles of nitrogen and its processing in stream sediments: Freshwater Biology, v. 56, no. 10, p. 2021-2033, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02632.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2021","endPage":"2033","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216890,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02632.x"}],"volume":"56","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa7ee4b08c986b322861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stelzer, R.S.","contributorId":63193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelzer","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartsch, L.A.","contributorId":7675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richardson, W. B.","contributorId":16363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strauss, E.A.","contributorId":26010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauss","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032550,"text":"70032550 - 2011 - Distinguishing between stress-induced and structural anisotropy at Mount Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T12:01:55.644441","indexId":"70032550","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distinguishing between stress-induced and structural anisotropy at Mount Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand","docAbstract":"<div class=\"fixedCoolBar\"><div class=\"stickybar__wrapper coolBar__wrapper clearfix\"><div class=\"rlist coolBar__zone\"><div class=\"coolBar__section coolBar--sections\">We have created a benchmark of spatial variations in shear wave anisotropy around Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand, against which to measure future temporal changes. Anisotropy in the crust is often assumed to be caused by stress-aligned microcracks, and the polarization of the fast quasi-shear wave (<i>ϕ</i>) is thus interpreted to indicate the direction of maximum horizontal stress, but can also be due to aligned minerals or macroscopic fractures. Changes in seismic anisotropy have been observed following a major eruption in 1995/96 and were attributed to changes in stress from the depressurization of the magmatic system. Three-component broadband seismometers have been deployed to complement the permanent stations that surround Ruapehu, creating a combined network of 34 three-component seismometers. This denser observational network improves the resolution with which spatial variations in seismic anisotropy can be examined. Using an automated shear wave splitting analysis, we examine local earthquakes in 2008. We observe a strong azimuthal dependence of&nbsp;<i>ϕ</i>&nbsp;and so introduce a spatial averaging technique and two-dimensional tomography of recorded delay times. The anisotropy can be divided into regions in which&nbsp;<i>ϕ</i>&nbsp;agrees with stress estimations from focal mechanism inversions, suggesting stress-induced anisotropy, and those in which&nbsp;<i>ϕ</i>&nbsp;is aligned with structural features such as faults, suggesting structural anisotropy. The pattern of anisotropy that is inferred to be stress related cannot be modeled adequately using Coulomb modeling with a dike-like inflation source. We suggest that the stress-induced anisotropy is affected by loading of the volcano and a lithospheric discontinuity.<br></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008308","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., Savage, M., and Townend, J., 2011, Distinguishing between stress-induced and structural anisotropy at Mount Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 12, B12303, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008308.","productDescription":"B12303, 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475152,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008308","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241381,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213725,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008308"}],"country":"New Zealand","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              164.6048895289174,\n              -46.665918664715846\n            ],\n            [\n              181.1283270289179,\n              -46.665918664715846\n            ],\n            [\n              181.1283270289179,\n              -34.145324714719756\n            ],\n            [\n              164.6048895289174,\n              -34.145324714719756\n            ],\n            [\n              164.6048895289174,\n              -46.665918664715846\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a024fe4b0c8380cd4ffc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, M.K.","contributorId":71601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Townend, J.","contributorId":76952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townend","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032548,"text":"70032548 - 2011 - Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032548","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor","docAbstract":"Self-potentials (SP) are sensitive to water fluxes and concentration gradients in both saturated and unsaturated geological media, but quantitative interpretations of SP field data may often be hindered by the superposition of different source contributions and time-varying electrode potentials. Self-potential mapping and close to two months of SP monitoring on a gravel bar were performed to investigate the origins of SP signals at a restored river section of the Thur River in northeastern Switzerland. The SP mapping and subsequent inversion of the data indicate that the SP sources are mainly located in the upper few meters in regions of soil cover rather than bare gravel. Wavelet analyses of the time-series indicate a strong, but non-linear influence of water table and water content variations, as well as rainfall intensity on the recorded SP signals. Modeling of the SP response with respect to an increase in the water table elevation and precipitation indicate that the distribution of soil properties in the vadose zone has a very strong influence. We conclude that the observed SP responses on the gravel bar are more complicated than previously proposed semi-empiric relationships between SP signals and hydraulic head or the thickness of the vadose zone. We suggest that future SP monitoring in restored river corridors should either focus on quantifying vadose zone processes by installing vertical profiles of closely spaced SP electrodes or by installing the electrodes within the river to avoid signals arising from vadose zone processes and time-varying electrochemical conditions in the vicinity of the electrodes. ?? 2011 Author(s).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.5194/hess-15-729-2011","issn":"10275606","usgsCitation":"Linde, N., Doetsch, J., Jougnot, D., Genoni, O., Durst, Y., Minsley, B., Vogt, T., Pasquale, N., and Luster, J., 2011, Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 15, no. 3, p. 729-742, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-729-2011.","startPage":"729","endPage":"742","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475085,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-729-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213695,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-729-2011"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d02e4b08c986b31821d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linde, N.","contributorId":37545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linde","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doetsch, J.","contributorId":35131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doetsch","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jougnot, D.","contributorId":102697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jougnot","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Genoni, O.","contributorId":7918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genoni","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Durst, Y.","contributorId":20989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durst","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Minsley, B. J.","contributorId":52107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"B. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vogt, T.","contributorId":66925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pasquale, N.","contributorId":43991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pasquale","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Luster, J.","contributorId":51101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luster","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70035118,"text":"70035118 - 2011 - The development of an EDSS: Lessons learned and implications for DSS research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-14T19:51:32.448528","indexId":"70035118","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The development of an EDSS: Lessons learned and implications for DSS research","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Solar and Wind Energy Resource Assessment (SWERA) project is focused on providing renewable energy (RE) planning resources to the public. Examples include wind, solar, and hydro assessments. SWERA DSS consists of three major components. First, SWERA 'Product Archive' provides for a discovery DSS upon which users can find and access renewable energy data and supporting models. Second, the 'Renewable Resource EXplorer' (RREX) component serves as a web-based, GIS analysis tool for viewing RE resource data available through the SWERA Product Archive. Third, the SWERA web service provides computational access to the data available in the SWERA spatial database through a location based query, and is also utilized in the RREX component. We provide a discussion of various design decisions used in the construction of this EDSS, followed by project experiences and implications for EDSS and broader DSS research.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS-44 2010","conferenceDate":"January, 4-7,2011","conferenceLocation":"Koloa, Kauai, HI","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2011.405","issn":"15301605","isbn":"9780769542829","usgsCitation":"El-Gayar, O., Deokar, A., Michels, L., and Fosnight, E.A., 2011, The development of an EDSS: Lessons learned and implications for DSS research, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Koloa, Kauai, HI, January, 4-7,2011, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2011.405.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215392,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2011.405"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baaa4e4b08c986b3228ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"El-Gayar, O.","contributorId":64914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El-Gayar","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deokar, A.","contributorId":69802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deokar","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michels, L.","contributorId":92073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michels","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fosnight, Eugene A. 0000-0002-8557-3697 fosnight@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-3697","contributorId":2961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosnight","given":"Eugene","email":"fosnight@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035119,"text":"70035119 - 2011 - Monitoring landscape change for LANDFIRE using multi-temporal satellite imagery and ancillary data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-18T13:20:59","indexId":"70035119","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1942,"text":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring landscape change for LANDFIRE using multi-temporal satellite imagery and ancillary data","docAbstract":"LANDFIRE is a large interagency project designed to provide nationwide spatial data for fire management applications. As part of the effort, many 2000 vintage Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus data sets were used in conjunction with a large volume of field information to generate detailed vegetation type and structure data sets for the entire United States. In order to keep these data sets current and relevant to resource managers, there was strong need to develop an approach for updating these products. We are using three different approaches for these purposes. These include: 1) updating using Landsat-derived historic and current fire burn information derived from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity project; 2) incorporating vegetation disturbance information derived from time series Landsat data analysis using the Vegetation Change Tracker; and 3) developing data products that capture subtle intra-state disturbance such as those related to insects and disease using either Landsat or the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). While no one single approach provides all of the land cover change and update information required, we believe that a combination of all three captures most of the disturbance conditions taking place that have relevance to the fire community.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2044478","usgsCitation":"Vogelmann, J., Kost, J.R., Tolk, B., Howard, S.M., Short, K., Chen, X., Huang, C., Pabst, K., and Rollins, M.G., 2011, Monitoring landscape change for LANDFIRE using multi-temporal satellite imagery and ancillary data: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, v. 4, no. 2, p. 252-264, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2044478.","startPage":"252","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475055,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.473.2217","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215417,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2044478"},{"id":243223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dbae4b0c8380cd7056f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":449369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kost, Jay R. jkost@usgs.gov","contributorId":3931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kost","given":"Jay","email":"jkost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":449371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tolk, Brian 0000-0002-9060-0266","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0266","contributorId":62426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolk","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howard, Stephen M. 0000-0001-5255-5882 smhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-5882","contributorId":3483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Stephen","email":"smhoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Short, Karen","contributorId":33940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chen, Xuexia","contributorId":14213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Xuexia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Huang, Chengquan","contributorId":25378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Chengquan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pabst, Kari","contributorId":12284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pabst","given":"Kari","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rollins, Matthew G.","contributorId":54695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rollins","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70036335,"text":"70036335 - 2011 - Estimates of stress drop and crustal tectonic stress from the 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake: Implications for fault strength","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-18T20:36:02.342986","indexId":"70036335","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of stress drop and crustal tectonic stress from the 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake: Implications for fault strength","docAbstract":"<p><span>The great 27 February 2010&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>&nbsp;8.8 earthquake off the coast of southern Chile ruptured a ∼600 km length of subduction zone. In this paper, we make two independent estimates of shear stress in the crust in the region of the Chile earthquake. First, we use a coseismic slip model constrained by geodetic observations from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and GPS to derive a spatially variable estimate of the change in static shear stress along the ruptured fault. Second, we use a static force balance model to constrain the crustal shear stress required to simultaneously support observed fore‐arc topography and the stress orientation indicated by the earthquake focal mechanism. This includes the derivation of a semianalytic solution for the stress field exerted by surface and Moho topography loading the crust. We find that the deviatoric stress exerted by topography is minimized in the limit when the crust is considered an incompressible elastic solid, with a Poisson ratio of 0.5, and is independent of Young's modulus. This places a strict lower bound on the critical stress state maintained by the crust supporting plastically deformed accretionary wedge topography. We estimate the coseismic shear stress change from the Maule event ranged from −6 MPa (stress increase) to 17 MPa (stress drop), with a maximum depth‐averaged crustal shear‐stress drop of 4 MPa. We separately estimate that the plate‐driving forces acting in the region, regardless of their exact mechanism, must contribute at least 27 MPa trench‐perpendicular compression and 15 MPa trench‐parallel compression. This corresponds to a depth‐averaged shear stress of at least 7 MPa. The comparable magnitude of these two independent shear stress estimates is consistent with the interpretation that the section of the megathrust fault ruptured in the Maule earthquake is weak, with the seismic cycle relieving much of the total sustained shear stress in the crust.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008509","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Luttrell, K., Tong, X., Sandwell, D., Brooks, B., and Bevis, M., 2011, Estimates of stress drop and crustal tectonic stress from the 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake: Implications for fault strength: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 11, B11401, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008509.","productDescription":"B11401, 13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475193,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008509","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218525,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008509"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Maule","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.47656249999999,\n              -39.07890809706474\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.5869140625,\n              -34.47033512121748\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.48779296875,\n              -34.107256396631186\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.794921875,\n              -38.358887858666755\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.47656249999999,\n              -39.07890809706474\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0af1e4b0c8380cd524c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luttrell, K.M.","contributorId":103514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luttrell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tong, X.","contributorId":12305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tong","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandwell, D.T.","contributorId":99812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandwell","given":"D.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, B.A.","contributorId":107093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bevis, M.G.","contributorId":74999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bevis","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035121,"text":"70035121 - 2011 - Differential effects of dissolved organic carbon upon re-entrainment and surface properties of groundwater bacteria and bacteria-sized microspheres during transport through a contaminated, sandy aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T09:31:00","indexId":"70035121","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential effects of dissolved organic carbon upon re-entrainment and surface properties of groundwater bacteria and bacteria-sized microspheres during transport through a contaminated, sandy aquifer","docAbstract":"<p>Injection-and-recovery studies involving a contaminated, sandy aquifer (Cape Cod, Massachusetts) were conducted to assess the relative susceptibility for in situ re-entrainment of attached groundwater bacteria (<i>Pseudomonas stuzeri</i> ML2, and uncultured, native bacteria) and carboxylate-modified microspheres (0.2 and 1.0 μm diameters). Different patterns of re-entrainment were evident for the two colloids in response to subsequent injections of groundwater (hydrodynamic perturbation), deionized water (ionic strength alteration), 77 μM linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS, anionic surfactant), and 76 μM Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, a very hydrophobic nonionic surfactant). An injection of deionized water was more effective in causing detachment of micrsopheres than were either of the surfactants, consistent with the more electrostatic nature of microsphere’s attachment, their extreme hydrophilicity (hydrophilicity index, HI, of 0.99), and negative charge (zeta potentials, ζ, of −44 to −49 mv). In contrast, Tween 80 was considerably more effective in re-entraining the more-hydrophobic native bacteria. Both the hydrophilicities and zeta potentials of the native bacteria were highly sensitive to and linearly correlated with levels of groundwater dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which varied modestly from 0.6 to 1.3 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. The most hydrophilic (0.52 HI) and negatively charged (ζ −38.1 mv) indigenous bacteria were associated with the lowest DOC. FTIR spectra indicated the latter community had the highest average density of surface carboxyl groups. In contrast, differences in groundwater (DOC) had no measurable effect on hydrophilicity of the bacteria-sized microspheres and only a minor effect on their ζ. These findings suggest that microspheres may not be very good surrogates for bacteria in field-scale transport studies and that adaptive (biological) changes in bacterial surface characteristics may need to be considered where there is longer-term exposure to contaminant DOC.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es102989x","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., Metge, D., Mohanram, A., Gao, X., and Chorover, J., 2011, Differential effects of dissolved organic carbon upon re-entrainment and surface properties of groundwater bacteria and bacteria-sized microspheres during transport through a contaminated, sandy aquifer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 8, p. 3252-3259, https://doi.org/10.1021/es102989x.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"3252","endPage":"3259","ipdsId":"IP-024962","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00f7e4b0c8380cd4f9fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metge, D.W.","contributorId":51477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mohanram, A.","contributorId":91322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohanram","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gao, X.","contributorId":71005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gao","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chorover, J.","contributorId":30051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chorover","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035671,"text":"70035671 - 2011 - A reverse genetics system for the Great Lakes strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus: the NV gene is required for pathogenicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-30T18:59:08","indexId":"70035671","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2661,"text":"Marine Biotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reverse genetics system for the Great Lakes strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus: the NV gene is required for pathogenicity","docAbstract":"Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), belonging to the genus <i>Novirhabdovirus</i> in the family of <i>Rhabdoviridae</i>, causes a highly contagious disease of fresh and saltwater fish worldwide. Recently, a novel genotype of VHSV, designated IVb, has invaded the Great Lakes in North America, causing large-scale epidemics in wild fish. An efficient reverse genetics system was developed to generate a recombinant VHSV of genotype IVb from cloned cDNA. The recombinant VHSV (rVHSV) was comparable to the parental wild-type strain both in vitro and in vivo, causing high mortality in yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>). A modified recombinant VHSV was generated in which the NV gene was substituted with an enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (rVHSV-ΔNV-EGFP), and another recombinant was made by inserting the EGFP gene into the full-length viral clone between the P and M genes (rVHSV-EGFP). The in vitro replication kinetics of rVHSV-EGFP was similar to rVHSV; however, the rVHSV-ΔNV-EGFP grew 2 logs lower. In yellow perch challenges, wtVHSV and rVHSV induced 82-100% cumulative per cent mortality (CPM), respectively, whereas rVHSV-EGFP produced 62% CPM and rVHSV-ΔNV-EGFP caused only 15% CPM. No reversion of mutation was detected in the recovered viruses and the recombinant viruses stably maintained the foreign gene after several passages. These results indicate that the NV gene of VHSV is not essential for viral replication in vitro and in vivo, but it plays an important role in viral replication efficiency and pathogenicity. This system will facilitate studies of VHSV replication, virulence, and production of viral vectored vaccines.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Biotechnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10126-010-9329-4","issn":"14362228","usgsCitation":"Ammayappan, A., Kurath, G., Thompson, T.M., and Vakharia, V.N., 2011, A reverse genetics system for the Great Lakes strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus: the NV gene is required for pathogenicity: Marine Biotechnology, v. 13, no. 4, p. 672-683, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-010-9329-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"672","endPage":"683","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216275,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10126-010-9329-4"},{"id":244138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e300e4b0c8380cd45d90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ammayappan, Arun","contributorId":81716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ammayappan","given":"Arun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Tarin M. tmthompson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Tarin","email":"tmthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vakharia, Vikram N.","contributorId":30846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vakharia","given":"Vikram","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036389,"text":"70036389 - 2011 - Bounding species distribution models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T21:06:16.85128","indexId":"70036389","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1362,"text":"Current Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bounding species distribution models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Species distribution models are increasing in popularity for mapping suitable habitat for species of management concern. Many investigators now recognize that extrapolations of these models with geographic information systems (GIS) might be sensitive to the environmental bounds of the data used in their development, yet there is no recommended best practice for “clamping” model extrapolations. We relied on two commonly used modeling approaches: classification and regression tree (CART) and maximum entropy (Maxent) models, and we tested a simple alteration of the model extrapolations, bounding extrapolations to the maximum and minimum values of primary environmental predictors, to provide a more realistic map of suitable habitat of hybridized Africanized honey bees in the southwestern United States. Findings suggest that multiple models of bounding, and the most conservative bounding of species distribution models, like those presented here, should probably replace the unbounded or loosely bounded techniques currently used.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/czoolo/57.5.642","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T.J., Jarnevich, C.S., Esaias, W.E., and Morisette, J., 2011, Bounding species distribution models: Current Zoology, v. 57, no. 5, p. 642-647, https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.5.642.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"642","endPage":"647","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475118,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.5.642","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f248e4b0c8380cd4b0cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esaias, Wayne E.","contributorId":12379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esaias","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffery T. 0000-0002-0483-0082","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":39297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffery T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}