Iron (Fe) availability is a major limiting factor for primary production in aquatic environments. Cyanobacteria respond to Fe deficiency by derepressing the isiAB operon, which encodes the antenna protein IsiA and flavodoxin. At nanomolar Fe concentrations, a PSI−IsiA supercomplex forms, comprising a PSI trimer encircled by two complete IsiA rings. This PSI−IsiA supercomplex is the largest photosynthetic membrane protein complex yet isolated. This study presents a detailed characterization of this complex using transmission electron microscopy and ultrafast fluorescence spectroscopy. Excitation trapping and electron transfer are highly efficient, allowing cyanobacteria to avoid oxidative stress. This mechanism may be a major factor used by cyanobacteria to successfully adapt to modern low-Fe environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/bi1009425","issn":"00062960","usgsCitation":"Chauhan, D., Folea, I., Jolley, C., Kouril, R., Lubner, C., Lin, S., Kolber, D., Wolfe-Simon, F., Golbeck, J., Boekema, E., and Fromme, P., 2011, A novel photosynthetic strategy for adaptation to low-iron aquatic environments: Biochemistry, v. 50, no. 5, p. 686-692, https://doi.org/10.1021/bi1009425.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"686","endPage":"692","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217854,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi1009425"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c7e4b0c8380cd46912","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chauhan, D.","contributorId":68143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chauhan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Folea, I.M.","contributorId":56891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folea","given":"I.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jolley, C.C.","contributorId":26553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolley","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kouril, R.","contributorId":61675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kouril","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lubner, C.E.","contributorId":26912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubner","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lin, S.","contributorId":49216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kolber, D.","contributorId":90965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolber","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wolfe-Simon, Felisa","contributorId":37167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe-Simon","given":"Felisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Golbeck, J.H.","contributorId":71807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golbeck","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Boekema, E.J.","contributorId":81728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boekema","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Fromme, P.","contributorId":32759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fromme","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70033884,"text":"70033884 - 2011 - Calibration of models using groundwater age","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T17:06:03","indexId":"70033884","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration of models using groundwater age","docAbstract":"There have been substantial efforts recently by geochemists to determine the age of groundwater (time since water entered the system) and its uncertainty, and by hydrologists to use these data to help calibrate groundwater models. This essay discusses the calibration of models using groundwater age, with conclusions that emphasize what is practical given current limitations rather than theoretical possibilities.","language":"English, French","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-010-0637-6","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., 2011, Calibration of models using groundwater age: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, no. 1, p. 13-16, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0637-6.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f316e4b0c8380cd4b5c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032507,"text":"70032507 - 2011 - Coulomb stress change sensitivity due to variability in mainshock source models and receiving fault parameters: A case study of the 2010-2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:08:44","indexId":"70032507","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coulomb stress change sensitivity due to variability in mainshock source models and receiving fault parameters: A case study of the 2010-2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes","docAbstract":"Strong aftershocks following major earthquakes present significant challenges for infrastructure recovery as well as for emergency rescue efforts. A tragic instance of this is the 22 February 2011 Mw 6.3 Christchurch aftershock in New Zealand, which caused more than 100 deaths while the 2010 Mw 7.1 Canterbury mainshock did not cause a single fatality (Figure 1). Therefore, substantial efforts have been directed toward understanding the generation mechanisms of aftershocks as well as mitigating hazards due to aftershocks. Among these efforts are the prediction of strong aftershocks, earthquake early warning, and aftershock probability assessment. Zhang et al. (1999) reported a successful case of strong aftershock prediction with precursory data such as changes in seismicity pattern, variation of b-value, and geomagnetic anomalies. However, official reports of such successful predictions in geophysical journals are extremely rare, implying that deterministic prediction of potentially damaging aftershocks is not necessarily more scientifically feasible than prediction of mainshocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.82.6.800","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Zhan, Z., Jin, B., Wei, S., and Graves, R.W., 2011, Coulomb stress change sensitivity due to variability in mainshock source models and receiving fault parameters: A case study of the 2010-2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes: Seismological Research Letters, v. 82, no. 6, p. 800-814, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.6.800.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"800","endPage":"814","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213605,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.6.800"}],"country":"New Zealand","city":"Christchurch","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.81,-43.63 ], [ 172.81,-43.39 ], [ 172.39,-43.39 ], [ 172.39,-43.63 ], [ 172.81,-43.63 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"82","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc84e4b0c8380cd4e2c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhan, Zhongwen","contributorId":11491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhan","given":"Zhongwen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jin, Bikai","contributorId":107999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"Bikai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wei, Shengji","contributorId":31652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Shengji","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graves, Robert W. rwgraves@usgs.gov","contributorId":3149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","email":"rwgraves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036485,"text":"70036485 - 2011 - Estimation of mussel population response to hydrologic alteration in a southeastern U.S. stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-08T18:43:19.217828","indexId":"70036485","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of mussel population response to hydrologic alteration in a southeastern U.S. stream","docAbstract":"The southeastern United States has experienced severe, recurrent drought, rapid human population growth, and increasing agricultural irrigation during recent decades, resulting in greater demand for the water resources. During the same time period, freshwater mussels (Unioniformes) in the region have experienced substantial population declines. Consequently, there is growing interest in determining how mussel population declines are related to activities associated with water resource development. Determining the causes of mussel population declines requires, in part, an understanding of the factors influencing mussel population dynamics. We developed Pradel reverse-time, tag-recapture models to estimate survival, recruitment, and population growth rates for three federally endangered mussel species in the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin, Georgia. The models were parameterized using mussel tag-recapture data collected over five consecutive years from Sawhatchee Creek, located in southwestern Georgia. Model estimates indicated that mussel survival was strongly and negatively related to high flows during the summer, whereas recruitment was strongly and positively related to flows during the spring and summer. Using these models, we simulated mussel population dynamics under historic (1940–1969) and current (1980–2008) flow regimes and under increasing levels of water use to evaluate the relative effectiveness of alternative minimum flow regulations. The simulations indicated that the probability of simulated mussel population extinction was at least 8 times greater under current hydrologic regimes. In addition, simulations of mussel extinction under varying levels of water use indicated that the relative risk of extinction increased with increased water use across a range of minimum flow regulations. The simulation results also indicated that our estimates of the effects of water use on mussel extinction were influenced by the assumptions about the dynamics of the system, highlighting the need for further study of mussel population dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00267-011-9688-2","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J., Wisniewski, J., Shea, C., and Rhett, J.C., 2011, Estimation of mussel population response to hydrologic alteration in a southeastern U.S. stream: Environmental Management, v. 48, no. 1, p. 109-122, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-011-9688-2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"122","ipdsId":"IP-026955","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218353,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-011-9688-2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Sawhatchee Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.891357421875,\n 30.69933500437198\n ],\n [\n -84.53979492187499,\n 30.704058230919504\n ],\n [\n -84.48486328124999,\n 31.04822792454978\n ],\n [\n -85.0396728515625,\n 31.024694128525137\n ],\n [\n -84.979248046875,\n 30.817346256492073\n ],\n [\n -84.9407958984375,\n 30.685163937659564\n ],\n [\n -84.891357421875,\n 30.69933500437198\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b99e4b0c8380cd527bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wisniewski, J.M.","contributorId":65688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wisniewski","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shea, C.P.","contributorId":92885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shea","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rhett, Jackson C.","contributorId":54054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhett","given":"Jackson","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036412,"text":"70036412 - 2011 - Recovery of native treefrogs after removal of nonindigenous Cuban Treefrogs, Osteopilus septentrionalis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T22:40:18","indexId":"70036412","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of native treefrogs after removal of nonindigenous Cuban Treefrogs, Osteopilus septentrionalis","docAbstract":"Florida is home to several introduced animal species, especially in the southern portion of the state. Most introduced species are restricted to the urban and suburban areas along the coasts, but some species, like the Cuban Treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis), are locally abundant in natural protected areas. Although Cuban Treefrogs are known predators of native treefrog species as both adults and larvae, no study has demonstrated a negative effect of Cuban Treefrogs on native treefrog survival, abundance, or occupancy rate. We monitored survival, capture probability, abundance, and proportion of sites occupied by Cuban Treefrogs and two native species, Green Treefrogs (Hyla cinerea) and Squirrel Treefrogs (Hyla squirella), at four sites in Everglades National Park in southern Florida with the use of capture–mark–recapture techniques. After at least 5 mo of monitoring all species at each site we began removing every Cuban Treefrog captured. We continued to estimate survival, abundance, and occupancy rates of native treefrogs for 1 yr after the commencement of Cuban Treefrog removal. Mark–recapture models that included the effect of Cuban Treefrog removal on native treefrog survival did not have considerable Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) weight, although capture rates of native species were generally very low prior to Cuban Treefrog removal. Estimated abundance of native treefrogs did increase after commencement of Cuban Treefrog removal, but also varied with the season of the year. The best models of native treefrog occupancy included a Cuban Treefrog removal effect at sites with high initial densities of Cuban Treefrogs. This study demonstrates that an introduced predator can have population-level effects on similar native species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetologists' League","doi":"10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-10-00020.1","issn":"00180831","usgsCitation":"Rice, K., Waddle, J., Miller, M., Crockett, M., Mazzotti, F., and Percival, H., 2011, Recovery of native treefrogs after removal of nonindigenous Cuban Treefrogs, Osteopilus septentrionalis: Herpetologica, v. 67, no. 2, p. 105-117, https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-10-00020.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 25.090573819461\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 26.15543796871355\n ],\n [\n -80.167236328125,\n 26.15543796871355\n ],\n [\n -80.167236328125,\n 25.090573819461\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 25.090573819461\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a339e4b0e8fec6cdb7c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, K.G. 0000-0001-8282-1088","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":41949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"K.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddle, J.H. 0000-0003-1940-2133","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2133","contributorId":32654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, M.W.","contributorId":57012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crockett, M.E.","contributorId":45558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crockett","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mazzotti, F.J.","contributorId":10136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Percival, H.F.","contributorId":31716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033905,"text":"70033905 - 2011 - Process-based, morphodynamic hindcast of decadal deposition patterns in San Pablo Bay, California, 1856-1887","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T13:01:39","indexId":"70033905","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Process-based, morphodynamic hindcast of decadal deposition patterns in San Pablo Bay, California, 1856-1887","docAbstract":"This study investigates the possibility of hindcasting-observed decadal-scale morphologic change in San Pablo Bay, a subembayment of the San Francisco Estuary, California, USA, by means of a 3-D numerical model (Delft3D). The hindcast period, 1856-1887, is characterized by upstream hydraulic mining that resulted in a high sediment input to the estuary. The model includes wind waves, salt water and fresh water interactions, and graded sediment transport, among others. Simplified initial conditions and hydrodynamic forcing were necessary because detailed historic descriptions were lacking. Model results show significant skill. The river discharge and sediment concentration have a strong positive influence on deposition volumes. Waves decrease deposition rates and have, together with tidal movement, the greatest effect on sediment distribution within San Pablo Bay. The applied process-based (or reductionist) modeling approach is valuable once reasonable values for model parameters and hydrodynamic forcing are obtained. Sensitivity analysis reveals the dominant forcing of the system and suggests that the model planform plays a dominant role in the morphodynamic development. A detailed physical explanation of the model outcomes is difficult because of the high nonlinearity of the processes. Process formulation refinement, a more detailed description of the forcing, or further model parameter variations may lead to an enhanced model performance, albeit to a limited extent. The approach potentially provides a sound basis for prediction of future developments. Parallel use of highly schematized box models and a process-based approach as described in the present work is probably the most valuable method to assess decadal morphodynamic development. Copyright ?? 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2009JF001614","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"van der Wegen, M., Jaffe, B.E., and Roelvink, J., 2011, Process-based, morphodynamic hindcast of decadal deposition patterns in San Pablo Bay, California, 1856-1887: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 116, no. F2, Article F02008; 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001614.","productDescription":"Article F02008; 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487736,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jf001614","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pablo Bay","volume":"116","issue":"F2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8d8ce4b0c8380cd7ecac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van der Wegen, M.","contributorId":106720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Wegen","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, B. E.","contributorId":88327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roelvink, J.A.","contributorId":92421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelvink","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032382,"text":"70032382 - 2011 - Response of non-native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) to 15 years of harvest in Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032382","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of non-native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) to 15 years of harvest in Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"Introduced lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) threaten to extirpate native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri) in the 34 000 ha Yellowstone Lake in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Suppression (and eventual eradication) of the lake trout population is deemed necessary for the conservation of Yellowstone cutthroat trout. A US National Park Service gill-netting program removed nearly 450 000 lake trout from Yellowstone Lake from 1995 through 2009. We examined temporal variation in individual growth, body condition, length and age at maturity, fecundity, mortality, and population models to assess the efficacy of the lake trout suppression program. Population metrics did not indicate overharvest despite more than a decade of fish removal. The current rate of population growth is positive; however, it is lower than it would be in the absence of lake trout suppression. Fishing effort needs to increase above observed levels to reduce population growth rate below replacement. Additionally, high sensitivity of population growth rate to reproductive vital rates indicates that increasing fishing mortality for sexually mature lake trout may increase the effectiveness of suppression. Lake trout suppression in Yellowstone Lake illustrates the complexities of trying to remove an apex predator to restore a relatively large remote lentic ecosystem with a simple fish assemblage.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F2011-122","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Syslo, J., Guy, C., Bigelow, P., Doepke, P., Ertel, B., and Koel, T., 2011, Response of non-native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) to 15 years of harvest in Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 68, no. 12, p. 2132-2145, https://doi.org/10.1139/F2011-122.","startPage":"2132","endPage":"2145","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213715,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F2011-122"},{"id":241370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa5be4b0c8380cd862b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Syslo, J.M.","contributorId":63627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syslo","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, C.S.","contributorId":59160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bigelow, P.E.","contributorId":16660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bigelow","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doepke, P.D.","contributorId":65676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doepke","given":"P.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ertel, B.D.","contributorId":81701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ertel","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koel, T.M.","contributorId":10765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koel","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032472,"text":"70032472 - 2011 - Three-dimensional surface deformation mapping by convensional interferometry and multiple aperture interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70032472","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Three-dimensional surface deformation mapping by convensional interferometry and multiple aperture interferometry","docAbstract":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique has been successfully used for mapping surface deformations [1-2], but it has been normally limited to a measurement along the radar line-of-sight (LOS) direction. For this reason, it is impossible to determine the north (N-S) component of surface deformation because of using data from near-polar orbiting satellites, and it is not sufficient to resolve the parameters of models for earthquakes and volcanic activities because there is a marked trade-off among model parameters [3]. ?? 2011 KIEES.","largerWorkTitle":"2011 3rd International Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, APSAR 2011","conferenceTitle":"2011 3rd International Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, APSAR 2011","conferenceDate":"26 September 2011 through 30 September 2011","conferenceLocation":"Seoul","language":"English","isbn":"9788993246179","usgsCitation":"Jung, H., Lu, Z., and Lee, C., 2011, Three-dimensional surface deformation mapping by convensional interferometry and multiple aperture interferometry, in 2011 3rd International Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, APSAR 2011, Seoul, 26 September 2011 through 30 September 2011, p. 30-31.","startPage":"30","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb34ae4b08c986b325cd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jung, H.-S.","contributorId":41068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"H.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, C.-W.","contributorId":31901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"C.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036609,"text":"70036609 - 2011 - Regional long-term production modeling from a single well test, Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-15T14:45:02","indexId":"70036609","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional long-term production modeling from a single well test, Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"Following the results from the open-hole formation pressure response test in the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well (Mount Elbert well) using Schlumberger's Modular Dynamics Formation Tester (MDT) wireline tool, the International Methane Hydrate Reservoir Simulator Code Comparison project performed long-term reservoir simulations on three different model reservoirs. These descriptions were based on 1) the Mount Elbert gas hydrate accumulation as delineated by an extensive history-matching exercise, 2) an estimation of the hydrate accumulation near the Prudhoe Bay L-pad, and 3) a reservoir that would be down-dip of the Prudhoe Bay L-pad and therefore warmer and deeper. All of these simulations were based, in part, on the results of the MDT results from the Mount Elbert Well. The comparison group's consensus value for the initial permeability of the hydrate-filled reservoir (k = 0.12 mD) and the permeability model based on the MDT history match were used as the basis for subsequent simulations on the three regional scenarios. The simulation results of the five different simulation codes, CMG STARS, HydrateResSim, MH-21 HYDRES, STOMP-HYD, and TOUGH+HYDRATE exhibit good qualitative agreement and the variability of potential methane production rates from gas hydrate reservoirs is illustrated. As expected, the predicted methane production rate increased with increasing in situ reservoir temperature; however, a significant delay in the onset of rapid hydrate dissociation is observed for a cold, homogeneous reservoir and it is found to be repeatable. The inclusion of reservoir heterogeneity in the description of this cold reservoir is shown to eliminate this delayed production. Overall, simulations utilized detailed information collected across the Mount Elbert reservoir either obtained or determined from geophysical well logs, including thickness (37 ft), porosity (35%), hydrate saturation (65%), intrinsic permeability (1000 mD), pore water salinity (5 ppt), and formation temperature (3.3–3.9 °C). This paper presents the approach and results of extrapolating regional forward production modeling from history-matching efforts on the results from a single well test.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.01.015","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Anderson, B., Kurihara, M., White, M., Moridis, G.J., Wilson, S., Pooladi-Darvish, M., Gaddipati, M., Masuda, Y., Collett, T.S., Hunter, R., Narita, H., Rose, K., and Boswell, R., 2011, Regional long-term production modeling from a single well test, Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 493-501, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.01.015.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"493","endPage":"501","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217558,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.01.015"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a537e4b0e8fec6cdbd8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, B.J.","contributorId":70914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurihara, M.","contributorId":54823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurihara","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, M.D.","contributorId":58125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moridis, G. J.","contributorId":64863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moridis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, S.J.","contributorId":93734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pooladi-Darvish, M.","contributorId":42455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pooladi-Darvish","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gaddipati, M.","contributorId":81346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddipati","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Masuda, Y.","contributorId":46339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masuda","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hunter, R.B.","contributorId":29538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Narita, H.","contributorId":105565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Narita","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rose, K.","contributorId":43594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70036304,"text":"70036304 - 2011 - Atacamite and paratacamite from the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev seafloor vent field (14°45′N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-14T14:01:59","indexId":"70036304","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atacamite and paratacamite from the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev seafloor vent field (14°45′N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge)","docAbstract":"Atacamite and paratacamite are ubiquitous minerals associated with Cu-rich massive sulfides at the Logatchev hydrothermal field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). In this work we provide new details on the mineralogy and geochemistry of these basic cupric chlorides. Our data support the notion that atacamite and paratacamite formation at submarine vent fields is an alteration process of hydrothermal Cu-sulfides. Secondary Cu-sulfides (bornite, covellite) are unstable at ambient seawater conditions and will dissolve. Dissolution is focused at the sulfide–seawater contact, leading to release of Fe2+ and Cu+ and formation of residual chalcocite through an intermediate Cu5S4 phase. Most of the released Fe2+ oxidizes immediately and precipitates as FeOOH directly on the chalcocite rims whereas Cu as chloride complexes (CuCl2−, CuCl32-) remains in solution at the same Eh. Cuprous–chloride complexes migrate from the reaction zone and upon increasing Eh precipitate as Cu2Cl(OH)3. As a consequence of this, the sulfide–seawater reaction interface is clearly marked by thin chalcocite–FeOOH bands and the entire assemblage is mantled by atacamite (or paratacamite). Our mineralogical, petrographic, geochemical and isotopic studies suggest that there are two types of atacamite (and/or paratacamite) depending on their mode of precipitation. Type 1 atacamite precipitated directly on the parent sulfides as evidenced by mantling of the sulfides, absence of detrital mineral grains, a preserved conspicuous positive Eu anomaly and a negligible negative Ce anomaly similar to those of the parent sulfide. In addition, Au concentrations are slightly lower than those of the parent sulfides, which suggest minimal transport of Au-ions after their release from the sulfides. Furthermore, the low content of the rare earth elements implies short contact time with the ambient seawater. The Sr–Nd–Pb-isotopic signatures of type 1 atacamite confirm the genetic association with the parent sulfides and indicate formation spatially very close to the latter. Type 2 atacamite precipitated at some distance from the parent sulfides, which means that the cuprous–chloride complexes have moved away from the sulfide alteration zone before precipitation. The evidence for this is absence of direct association of atacamite with sulfides. In addition, this atacamite contains a substantial proportion of detrital minerals, which implies precipitation in the sediments, distal to the parent sulfides. As a consequence of the detrital impurities the contents of elements like Cr, Cs, Hf, Nb, Rb, Th and Zr are higher than in type 1 atacamite (and/or paratacamite). Au contents are lower than those of type 1 atacamite (and/or paratacamite) which implies prolonged Au transport in solution before precipitation. Furthermore, the rare earth element distribution patterns have no positive Eu anomaly suggesting that the positive Eu anomaly of the parent sulfide has been erased after dissolution and prolonged contact of the fluid with ambient seawater (with negative Eu anomaly). Finally, the Sr–Nd-isotope signature differs from that of the parent sulfide and indicates a considerable terrigenous input.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.002","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Dekov, V., Boycheva, T., Halenius, U., Petersen, S., Billstrom, K., Stummeyer, J., Kamenov, G., and Shanks, W., 2011, Atacamite and paratacamite from the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev seafloor vent field (14°45′N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Chemical Geology, v. 286, no. 3-4, p. 169-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.002.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"184","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218552,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.002"},{"id":246573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.2,-83.0 ], [ -83.2,68.6 ], [ 20.0,68.6 ], [ 20.0,-83.0 ], [ -83.2,-83.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"286","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee9ee4b0c8380cd49e7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dekov, Vesselin","contributorId":58883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dekov","given":"Vesselin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boycheva, Tanya","contributorId":101501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boycheva","given":"Tanya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halenius, Ulf","contributorId":104751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halenius","given":"Ulf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petersen, Sven","contributorId":76586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petersen","given":"Sven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Billstrom, Kjell","contributorId":90971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billstrom","given":"Kjell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stummeyer, Jens","contributorId":31206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stummeyer","given":"Jens","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kamenov, G.","contributorId":42416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamenov","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shanks, W.","contributorId":99813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70036490,"text":"70036490 - 2011 - Effects of fringing reefs on tsunami inundation: American Samoa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-09T12:59:19","indexId":"70036490","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of fringing reefs on tsunami inundation: American Samoa","docAbstract":"A numerical model of tsunami inundation, Delft3D, which has been validated for the 29 September 2009 tsunami in Tutuila, American Samoa, is used to better understand the impact of fringing coral reefs and embayments on tsunami wave heights, inundation distances, and velocities. The inundation model is used to explore the general conditions under which fringing reefs act as coastal buffers against incoming tsunamis. Of particular interest is the response of tsunamis to reefs of varying widths, depths, and roughness, as well as the effects of channels incised in the reef and the focusing effect of embayments.\n\nModel simulations for conditions similar to Tutuila, yet simplified to be uniform in the alongshore, suggest that for narrow reefs, less than about 200 m wide, the shoaling owing to shallow water depths over the fringing reef dominates, inducing greater wave heights onshore under some conditions and farther inundation inland. As the reef width increases, wave dissipation through bottom friction begins to dominate and the reef causes the tsunami wave heights to decrease and the tsunami to inundate less far inland. A sensitivity analysis suggests that coral reef roughness is important in determining the manner in which a fringing reef affects tsunami inundation. Smooth reefs are more likely to increase the onshore velocity within the tsunami compared to rough reefs. A larger velocity will likely result in an increased impact of the tsunami on structures and buildings.\n\nSimulations developed to explore 2D coastal morphology show that incised channels similar to those found around Tutuila, as well as coastal embayments, also affect tsunami inundation, allowing larger waves to penetrate farther inland. The largest effect is found for channels located within embayments, and for embayments that narrow landward. These simulations suggest that embayments that narrow landward, such as Fagafue Bay on the north side of Tutuila, and that have an incised deep channel, can cause a significant increase in tsunami wave heights, inundation distances, and velocities. Wide embayments, similar in size to Massacre Bay, induce some tsunami amplification, but not as much as for the narrowing embayment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth-Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.12.005","issn":"00128252","usgsCitation":"Gelfenbaum, G., Apotsos, A., Stevens, A., and Jaffe, B., 2011, Effects of fringing reefs on tsunami inundation: American Samoa: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 107, no. 1-2, p. 12-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.12.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"22","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218415,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.12.005"},{"id":246418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"American Samoa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -170.8468,-14.3825 ], [ -170.8468,-14.1471 ], [ -169.3993,-14.1471 ], [ -169.3993,-14.3825 ], [ -170.8468,-14.3825 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"107","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06ffe4b0c8380cd514f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Apotsos, A.","contributorId":68989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apotsos","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stevens, A.W.","contributorId":42424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaffe, B.","contributorId":78517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035986,"text":"70035986 - 2011 - Columbus crater and other possible groundwater-fed paleolakes of Terra Sirenum, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-02T10:58:24","indexId":"70035986","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Columbus crater and other possible groundwater-fed paleolakes of Terra Sirenum, Mars","docAbstract":"Columbus crater in the Terra Sirenum region of the Martian southern highlands contains light‐toned layered deposits with interbedded sulfate and phyllosilicate minerals, a rare occurrence on Mars. Here we investigate in detail the morphology, thermophysical properties, mineralogy, and stratigraphy of these deposits; explore their regional context; and interpret the crater's aqueous history. Hydrated mineral‐bearing deposits occupy a discrete ring around the walls of Columbus crater and are also exposed beneath younger materials, possibly lava flows, on its floor. Widespread minerals identified in the crater include gypsum, polyhydrated and monohydrated Mg/Fe‐sulfates, and kaolinite; localized deposits consistent with montmorillonite, Fe/Mg‐phyllosilicates, jarosite, alunite, and crystalline ferric oxide or hydroxide are also detected. Thermal emission spectra suggest abundances of these minerals in the tens of percent range. Other craters in northwest Terra Sirenum also contain layered deposits and Al/Fe/Mg‐phyllosilicates, but sulfates have so far been found only in Columbus and Cross craters. The region's intercrater plains contain scattered exposures of Al‐phyllosilicates and one isolated mound with opaline silica, in addition to more common Fe/Mg‐phyllosilicates with chlorides. A Late Noachian age is estimated for the aqueous deposits in Columbus, coinciding with a period of inferred groundwater upwelling and evaporation, which (according to model results reported here) could have formed evaporites in Columbus and other craters in Terra Sirenum. Hypotheses for the origin of these deposits include groundwater cementation of crater‐filling sediments and/or direct precipitation from subaerial springs or in a deep (∼900 m) paleolake. Especially under the deep lake scenario, which we prefer, chemical gradients in Columbus crater may have created a habitable environment at this location on early Mars.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003694","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wray, J., Milliken, R., Dundas, C.M., Swayze, G.A., Andrews-Hanna, J.C., Baldridge, A., Chojnacki, M., Bishop, J., Ehlmann, B., Murchie, S., Clark, R.N., Seelos, F., Tornabene, L., and Squyres, S.W., 2011, Columbus crater and other possible groundwater-fed paleolakes of Terra Sirenum, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. 1, E01001; 41 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003694.","productDescription":"E01001; 41 p.","ipdsId":"IP-021564","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475082,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010je003694","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216390,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003694"},{"id":244254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7cfe4b0c8380cd4ccf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wray, J.J.","contributorId":26049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milliken, R.E.","contributorId":98022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milliken","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andrews-Hanna, J. C.","contributorId":37532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews-Hanna","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baldridge, A.M.","contributorId":15037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldridge","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chojnacki, M.","contributorId":25385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bishop, J.L.","contributorId":83244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ehlmann, B.L.","contributorId":107837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehlmann","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Murchie, S.L.","contributorId":7369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Seelos, F.P.","contributorId":44350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelos","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Tornabene, L.L.","contributorId":99679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tornabene","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70032545,"text":"70032545 - 2011 - Vegetation index-based crop coefficients to estimate evapotranspiration by remote sensing in agricultural and natural ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-02T15:45:38","indexId":"70032545","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation index-based crop coefficients to estimate evapotranspiration by remote sensing in agricultural and natural ecosystems","docAbstract":"Crop coefficients were developed to determine crop water needs based on the evapotranspiration (ET) of a reference crop under a given set of meteorological conditions. Starting in the 1980s, crop coefficients developed through lysimeter studies or set by expert opinion began to be supplemented by remotely sensed vegetation indices (VI) that measured the actual status of the crop on a field-by-field basis. VIs measure the density of green foliage based on the reflectance of visible and near infrared (NIR) light from the canopy, and are highly correlated with plant physiological processes that depend on light absorption by a canopy such as ET and photosynthesis. Reflectance-based crop coefficients have now been developed for numerous individual crops, including corn, wheat, alfalfa, cotton, potato, sugar beet, vegetables, grapes and orchard crops. Other research has shown that VIs can be used to predict ET over fields of mixed crops, allowing them to be used to monitor ET over entire irrigation districts. VI-based crop coefficients can help reduce agricultural water use by matching irrigation rates to the actual water needs of a crop as it grows instead of to a modeled crop growing under optimal conditions. Recently, the concept has been applied to natural ecosystems at the local, regional and continental scales of measurement, using time-series satellite data from the MODIS sensors on the Terra satellite. VIs or other visible-NIR band algorithms are combined with meteorological data to predict ET in numerous biome types, from deserts, to arctic tundra, to tropical rainforests. These methods often closely match ET measured on the ground at the global FluxNet array of eddy covariance moisture and carbon flux towers. The primary advantage of VI methods for estimating ET is that transpiration is closely related to radiation absorbed by the plant canopy, which is closely related to VIs. The primary disadvantage is that they cannot capture stress effects or soil evaporation. Copyright ?? 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8392","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E.P., Neale, C.M., Hunsaker, D., and Nagler, P., 2011, Vegetation index-based crop coefficients to estimate evapotranspiration by remote sensing in agricultural and natural ecosystems: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 26, p. 4050-4062, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8392.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4050","endPage":"4062","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213665,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8392"},{"id":241314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1d8e4b08c986b32a7bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neale, C. M. U.","contributorId":26523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neale","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. U.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":436747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunsaker, D.J.","contributorId":51549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunsaker","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034405,"text":"70034405 - 2011 - Investigating the spatial distribution of water levels in the Mackenzie Delta using airborne LiDAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T16:38:21.588417","indexId":"70034405","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating the spatial distribution of water levels in the Mackenzie Delta using airborne LiDAR","docAbstract":"Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data were used to map water level (WL) and hydraulic gradients (δH/δx) in the Mackenzie Delta. The LiDAR WL data were validated against eight independent hydrometric gauge measurements and demonstrated mean offsets from − 0·22 to + 0·04 m (σ< 0·11). LiDAR‐based WL gradients could be estimated with confidence over channel lengths exceeding 5–10 km where the WL change exceeded local noise levels in the LiDAR data. For the entire Delta, the LiDAR sample coverage indicated a rate of change in longitudinal gradient (δ2H/δx) of 5·5 × 10−10 m m−2; therefore offering a potential means to estimate average flood stage hydraulic gradient for areas of the Delta not sampled or monitored. In the Outer Delta, within‐channel and terrain gradient measurements all returned a consistent estimate of − 1 × 10−5 m m−1, suggesting that this is a typical hydraulic gradient for the downstream end of the Delta. For short reaches (<10 km) of the Peel and Middle Channels in the middle of the Delta, significant and consistent hydraulic gradient estimates of − 5 × 10−5 m m−1 were observed. Evidence that hydraulic gradients can vary over short distances, however, was observed in the Peel Channel immediately upstream of Aklavik. A positive elevation anomaly (bulge) of > 0·1 m was observed at a channel constriction entering a meander bend, suggesting a localized modification of the channel hydraulics. Furthermore, water levels in the anabranch channels of the Peel River were almost 1 m higher than in Middle Channel of the Mackenzie River. This suggests: (i) the channels are elevated and have shallower bank heights in this part of the delta, leading to increased cross‐delta and along‐channel hydraulic gradients; and/or (ii) a proportion of the Peel River flow is lost to Middle Channel due to drainage across the delta through anastamosing channels. This study has demonstrated that airborne LiDAR data contain valuable information describing Arctic river delta water surface and hydraulic attributes that would be challenging to acquire by other means.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8167","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Hopkinson, C., Crasto, N., Marsh, P., Forbes, D., and Lesack, L., 2011, Investigating the spatial distribution of water levels in the Mackenzie Delta using airborne LiDAR: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 19, p. 2995-3011, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8167.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2995","endPage":"3011","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216563,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8167"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Mackenzie Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -136.669921875,\n 67.09310451852075\n ],\n [\n -130.60546875,\n 67.09310451852075\n ],\n [\n -130.60546875,\n 69.90011762668541\n ],\n [\n -136.669921875,\n 69.90011762668541\n ],\n [\n -136.669921875,\n 67.09310451852075\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e71e4b0c8380cd63dac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopkinson, C.","contributorId":67749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkinson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crasto, N.","contributorId":21369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crasto","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marsh, P.","contributorId":99279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Forbes, D.","contributorId":57681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forbes","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lesack, L.","contributorId":84177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesack","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034132,"text":"70034132 - 2011 - Changes in agricultural cropland areas between a water-surplus year and a water-deficit year impacting food security, determined using MODIS 250 m time-series data and spectral matching techniques, in the Krishna river basin (India)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T16:16:51","indexId":"70034132","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in agricultural cropland areas between a water-surplus year and a water-deficit year impacting food security, determined using MODIS 250 m time-series data and spectral matching techniques, in the Krishna river basin (India)","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in cropland areas as a result of water availability using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250 m time-series data and spectral matching techniques (SMTs). The study was conducted in the Krishna River basin in India, a very large river basin with an area of 265 752 km2 (26 575 200 ha), comparing a water-surplus year (2000–2001) and a water-deficit year (2002–2003). The MODIS 250 m time-series data and SMTs were found ideal for agricultural cropland change detection over large areas and provided fuzzy classification accuracies of 61–100% for various land‐use classes and 61–81% for the rain-fed and irrigated classes. The most mixing change occurred between rain-fed cropland areas and informally irrigated (e.g. groundwater and small reservoir) areas. Hence separation of these two classes was the most difficult. The MODIS 250 m-derived irrigated cropland areas for the districts were highly correlated with the Indian Bureau of Statistics data, with R 2-values between 0.82 and 0.86.
The change in the net area irrigated was modest, with an irrigated area of 8 669 881 ha during the water-surplus year, as compared with 7 718 900 ha during the water-deficit year. However, this is quite misleading as most of the major changes occurred in cropping intensity, such as changing from higher intensity to lower intensity (e.g. from double crop to single crop). The changes in cropping intensity of the agricultural cropland areas that took place in the water-deficit year (2002–2003) when compared with the water-surplus year (2000–2001) in the Krishna basin were: (a) 1 078 564 ha changed from double crop to single crop, (b) 1 461 177 ha changed from continuous crop to single crop, (c) 704 172 ha changed from irrigated single crop to fallow and (d) 1 314 522 ha changed from minor irrigation (e.g. tanks, small reservoirs) to rain-fed. These are highly significant changes that will have strong impact on food security. Such changes may be expected all over the world in a changing climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161003749485","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Gumma, M., Thenkabail, P.S., Muralikrishna, I., Velpuri, N.M., Gangadhararao, P., Dheeravath, V., Biradar, C., Nalan, S., and Gaur, A., 2011, Changes in agricultural cropland areas between a water-surplus year and a water-deficit year impacting food security, determined using MODIS 250 m time-series data and spectral matching techniques, in the Krishna river basin (India): International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 32, no. 12, p. 3495-3520, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161003749485.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"3495","endPage":"3520","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216904,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161003749485"},{"id":244805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f409e4b0c8380cd4bad7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gumma, Murali Krishna","contributorId":50426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumma","given":"Murali Krishna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muralikrishna, I.V.","contributorId":31234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muralikrishna","given":"I.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926 nvelpuri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":4441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"nvelpuri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":444251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gangadhararao, P.T.","contributorId":19406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gangadhararao","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dheeravath, V.","contributorId":55234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dheeravath","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Biradar, C.M.","contributorId":35563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biradar","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nalan, S.A.","contributorId":7110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalan","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gaur, A.","contributorId":74603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaur","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70036763,"text":"70036763 - 2011 - The geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Paleoproterozoic Green Mountain arc: A composite(?), bimodal, oceanic, fringing arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-21T20:05:46.227203","indexId":"70036763","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Paleoproterozoic Green Mountain arc: A composite(?), bimodal, oceanic, fringing arc","docAbstract":"The inferred subduction affinity of the ∼1780-Ma Green Mountain arc, a dominantly bimodal igneous terrane (together with immature marine and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks) accreted to the southern margin of the Wyoming province, is integral to arc-accretion models of the Paleoproterozoic growth of southern Laurentia. Conversely, the dominantly bimodal nature of many putative arc-related igneous suites throughout southern Laurentia, including the Green Mountain arc, has also been used to support models of growth by extension of pre-existing crust. We report new geochemical and isotopic data from ∼1780-Ma gabbroic and granodioritic to tonalitic rocks of the Big Creek Gneiss, interpreted as consanguineous with previously studied metavolcanic rocks of the Green Mountain Formation.
The ∼1780-Ma Big Creek Gneiss mafic rocks show clear geochemical signatures of a subduction origin and provide no supporting evidence for extensional tectonism. The ∼1780-Ma Big Creek Gneiss felsic rocks are attributed to partial melting of mafic and/or mixed lower-crustal material. The bimodal nature of the suite results from the combination of arc basalts and felsic crustal melts. The lack of andesite is consistent with the observed tholeiitic differentiation trend of the mafic magmas. The lower ɛNd(1780 Ma) values for the felsic rocks vs. the mafic rocks suggest that the unexposed lower crust of the arc may be older than the arc and that Trans-Hudson- or Penokean-aged rocks possibly form the substratum of the arc. Our results reinforce previous interpretations that arc-related magmatism played a key role in the Paleoproterozoic crustal growth of southern Laurentia, but also support the possibility of unexposed older crust as basement to the arcs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2011.01.011","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Jones, D., Barnes, C., Premo, W.R., and Snoke, A., 2011, The geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Paleoproterozoic Green Mountain arc: A composite(?), bimodal, oceanic, fringing arc: Precambrian Research, v. 185, no. 3-4, p. 231-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.01.011.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"249","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217509,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.01.011"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming, Colorado","otherGeospatial":"The Green Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.99560546875,\n 40.730608477796636\n ],\n [\n -106.6552734375,\n 40.730608477796636\n ],\n [\n -106.6552734375,\n 41.36031866306708\n ],\n [\n -107.99560546875,\n 41.36031866306708\n ],\n [\n -107.99560546875,\n 40.730608477796636\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"185","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac4ce4b08c986b3233d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, D.S.","contributorId":48005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, C. G.","contributorId":78819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Premo, Wayne R. 0000-0001-9904-4801 wpremo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":1697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"Wayne","email":"wpremo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":457704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snoke, A.W.","contributorId":14899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snoke","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036163,"text":"70036163 - 2011 - Forecasting carbon budget under climate change and CO2 fertilization for subtropical region in China using integrated biosphere simulator (IBIS) model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T14:07:25","indexId":"70036163","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3100,"text":"Polish Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting carbon budget under climate change and CO2 fertilization for subtropical region in China using integrated biosphere simulator (IBIS) model","docAbstract":"The regional carbon budget of the climatic transition zone may be very sensitive to climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This study simulated the carbon cycles under these changes using process-based ecosystem models. The Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS), a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM), was used to evaluate the impacts of climate change and CO2 fertilization on net primary production (NPP), net ecosystem production (NEP), and the vegetation structure of terrestrial ecosystems in Zhejiang province (area 101,800 km2, mainly covered by subtropical evergreen forest and warm-temperate evergreen broadleaf forest) which is located in the subtropical climate area of China. Two general circulation models (HADCM3 and CGCM3) representing four IPCC climate change scenarios (HC3AA, HC3GG, CGCM-sresa2, and CGCM-sresb1) were used as climate inputs for IBIS. Results show that simulated historical biomass and NPP are consistent with field and other modelled data, which makes the analysis of future carbon budget reliable. The results indicate that NPP over the entire Zhejiang province was about 55 Mt C yr-1 during the last half of the 21st century. An NPP increase of about 24 Mt C by the end of the 21st century was estimated with the combined effects of increasing CO2 and climate change. A slight NPP increase of about 5 Mt C was estimated under the climate change alone scenario. Forests in Zhejiang are currently acting as a carbon sink with an average NEP of about 2.5 Mt C yr-1. NEP will increase to about 5 Mt C yr-1 by the end of the 21st century with the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate change. However, climate change alone will reduce the forest carbon sequestration of Zhejiang's forests. Future climate warming will substantially change the vegetation cover types; warm-temperate evergreen broadleaf forest will be gradually substituted by subtropical evergreen forest. An increasing CO2 concentration will have little contribution to vegetation changes. Simulated NPP shows geographic patterns consistent with temperature to a certain extent, and precipitation is not the limiting factor for forest NPP in the subtropical climate conditions. There is no close relationship between the spatial pattern of NEP and climate condition.","issn":"15052249","usgsCitation":"Zhu, Q., Jiang, H., Liu, J., Peng, C., Fang, X., Yu, S., Zhou, G., Wei, X., and Ju, W., 2011, Forecasting carbon budget under climate change and CO2 fertilization for subtropical region in China using integrated biosphere simulator (IBIS) model: Polish Journal of Ecology, v. 59, no. 1, p. 3-24.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1314e4b0c8380cd544f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, Q.","contributorId":93711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jiang, H.","contributorId":83731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peng, C.","contributorId":79314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fang, X.","contributorId":32288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yu, S.","contributorId":25771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhou, G.","contributorId":12604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wei, X.","contributorId":50636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ju, W.","contributorId":10627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ju","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70034618,"text":"70034618 - 2011 - From deposition to erosion: Spatial and temporal variability of sediment sources, storage, and transport in a small agricultural watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T12:54:01","indexId":"70034618","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From deposition to erosion: Spatial and temporal variability of sediment sources, storage, and transport in a small agricultural watershed","docAbstract":"The spatial and temporal variability of sediment sources, storage, and transport were investigated in a small agricultural watershed draining the Coast Ranges and Sacramento Valley in central California. Results of field, laboratory, and historical data analysis in the Willow Slough fluvial system document changes that transformed a transport-limited depositional system to an effective erosion and transport system, despite a large sediment supply. These changes were caused by a combination of factors: (i) an increase in transport capacity, and (ii) hydrologic alteration. Alteration of the riparian zone and drainage network pattern during the past ~ 150 years included a twofold increase in straightened channel segments along with a baselevel change from excavation that increased slope, and increased sediment transport capacity by ~ 7%. Hydrologic alteration from irrigation water contributions also increased transport capacity, by extending the period with potential for sediment transport and erosion by ~ 6 months/year. Field measurements document Quaternary Alluvium as a modern source of fine sediment with grain size distributions characterized by 5 to 40% fine material. About 60% of an upland and 30% of a lowland study reach incised into this deposit exhibit bank erosion. During this study, the wet 2006 and relatively dry 2007 water years exhibited a range of total annual suspended sediment load spanning two orders of magnitude: ~ 108,500 kg/km2/year during 2006 and 5,950 kg/km2/year during 2007, only 5% of that during the previous year. Regional implications of this work are illustrated by the potential for a small tributary such as Willow Slough to contribute sediment – whereas large dams limit sediment supply from larger tributaries – to the Sacramento River and San Francisco Bay Delta and Estuary. This work is relevant to lowland agricultural river–floodplain systems globally in efforts to restore aquatic and riparian functions and where water quality management includes reducing fine sediment contributions that can couple with other pollutants.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.04.037","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Florsheim, J., Pellerin, B., Oh, N., Ohara, N., Bachand, P., Bachand, S., Bergamaschi, B., Hernes, P., and Kavvas, M., 2011, From deposition to erosion: Spatial and temporal variability of sediment sources, storage, and transport in a small agricultural watershed: Geomorphology, v. 132, no. 3-4, p. 272-286, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.04.037.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"272","endPage":"286","ipdsId":"IP-027109","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.0 ], [ -114.13,42.0 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"132","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13f8e4b0c8380cd5484e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Florsheim, J.L.","contributorId":101876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Florsheim","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pellerin, B.A.","contributorId":81233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oh, N.H.","contributorId":22987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oh","given":"N.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ohara, N.","contributorId":60045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohara","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bachand, P.A.M.","contributorId":9857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachand","given":"P.A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bachand, Sandra M.","contributorId":45542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachand","given":"Sandra M.","affiliations":[{"id":12526,"text":"Bachand & Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":446689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hernes, P.J.","contributorId":89651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernes","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kavvas, M.L.","contributorId":63642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kavvas","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70034051,"text":"70034051 - 2011 - Sexual difference in mercury concentrations of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T19:05:35","indexId":"70034051","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sexual difference in mercury concentrations of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"We determined total mercury (Hg) concentrations in 50 female lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and 69 male lake trout from Lake Ontario (Ontario, Canada and New York, United States). Results showed that, on average, males were 8% higher in Hg concentration than females in Lake Ontario. We also used bioenergetics modeling to determine whether a sexual difference in gross growth efficiency (GGE) could explain the observed sexual difference in Hg concentrations. According to the bioenergetics modeling results, male GGE was about 3% higher than female GGE, on average. Although the bioenergetics modeling could not explain the higher Hg concentrations exhibited by the males, a sexual difference in GGE remained a plausible explanation for the sexual difference in Hg concentrations of the lake trout. In an earlier study, male lake trout from Lake Ontario were found to be 22% higher in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentration than females from Lake Ontario. Thus, although males were higher in both Hg and PCB concentrations, the degree of the sexual difference in concentration varied between the two contaminants. Further research on sexual differences in Hg excretion rates and Hg direct uptake rates may be needed to resolve the disparity in results between the two contaminants.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.053","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C., Keir, M., and Whittle, D., 2011, Sexual difference in mercury concentrations of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Lake Ontario: Chemosphere, v. 83, no. 7, p. 903-908, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.053.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"903","endPage":"908","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216599,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.053"},{"id":244479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.9363,43.1696 ], [ -79.9363,44.3608 ], [ -76.0002,44.3608 ], [ -76.0002,43.1696 ], [ -79.9363,43.1696 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"83","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8dbae4b08c986b31851a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keir, M.J.","contributorId":26518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keir","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whittle, D.M.","contributorId":88919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittle","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033935,"text":"70033935 - 2011 - Monitoring a large volume CO2 injection: Year two results from SECARB project at Denbury’s Cranfield, Mississippi, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T11:26:13.146758","indexId":"70033935","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5215,"text":"Energy Procedia","onlineIssn":"1876-6102","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Monitoring a large volume CO2 injection: Year two results from SECARB project at Denbury’s Cranfield, Mississippi, USA","title":"Monitoring a large volume CO2 injection: Year two results from SECARB project at Denbury’s Cranfield, Mississippi, USA","docAbstract":"The Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (SECARB) early project in western Mississippi has been testing monitoring tools and approaches to document storage efficiency and storage permanence under conditions of CO2 EOR as well as downdip injection into brine. Denbury Onshore LLC is host for the study and has brought a depleted oil and gas reservoir, Cranfield Field, under CO2 flood. Injection was started in July 2008 and has now achieved injection rates greater than 1.2 million tons/year though 23 wells, with cumulative mass injected as of August, 2010 of 2.2 million metric tons. Injection is into coarse grained fluvial deposits of the Cretaceous lower Tuscaloosa Formation in a gentle anticline at depths of 3300 m. A team of researchers from 10 institutions has collected data from five study areas, each with a different goal and different spatial and temporal scale.
\nThe Phase 2 study began at the start of injection and has been using pressure and temperature as a tool for assessing permanence mostly in the oil productive interval. Real-time read-out shows high sensitivity to distant changes in injection rate and confirms the geologic model of reservoir compartmentalization. Above-zone pressure monitoring ∼120 m above the injection interval is used to test the sensitivity of this approach for documentation of integrity of the confining system in an area of numerous well completions as pressure increase is induced in the reservoir by more than 70 bar.
\nMonitoring of the High Volume Injection Test (HiVIT) area includes repeat measurements of aqueous geochemistry in the injection zone. Rock-water- CO2interactions in the reservoir as CO2 dissolves are minimized by mineral “armoring” by abundant chlorite cement in high permeability reservoir sandstone. Geochemical monitoring of confined freshwater aquifers at depths of 70–100 m is underway. Groundwater analysis focuses on assessment of the sensitivity of this method to detect leakage above background variability. A repeat seismic survey of the HiVIT is planned for late 2010 to assess saturation change especially in downdip brine-only areas.
\nA study focused on feasibility of monitoring the shallow subsurface to separate leakage from normal complex surface fluxes is underway at an monitoring array installed in October 2009 to assess the interactions of recharge, soil gas, and shallow groundwater aquifers. Recent well re-entry and tracer injection will provide further information to interpret observed elevated deep-sourced methane.
\nThe Detailed Area Study (DAS) is collecting dense time-lapse data from closely-spaced three well array of an injector and two observation wells. The observation wells were completed with fiberglass casing to facilitate electrical resistance tomography (ERT) measurements, and a diverse array of instrumentation was both cemented behind casing and suspended on tubing. Injection started at the DAS December 1, 2009. We have measured pulsed neutron and resistivity via wireline, downhole and above-zone pressure, distributed temperature, and fluid chemistry including introduced pulses of perfluorocarbons, noble gases, and SF6 as tracers. Between wells, time-lapse crosswell seismic and electrical resistance tomography (ERT) are used to measure saturation change. The goals are to measure changes as fluids evolve from single phase (brine) to two phase (CO2–brine) in order to document linkages between pressure and sweep efficiency. A time-lapse VSP survey bridges the vertical resolution and areal coverage between cross-well and surface seismic. The repeat surveys for many tools are scheduled for September, 2010.
\nReservoir characterization based on cores, historic and new wireline log data, production history, hydrologic tests, fluid analysis, and a three-D seismic survey have been used in multiple numerical models to predict reservoir response in order to design effective monitoring strategies and optimize deployment. History matching of observed response to predicted response is used to interpret results and improve confidence in conceptual models and numerical approaches. Probabilistic methods have been used to assess the significant uncertainties resulting from reservoir heterogeneity.
\n\n
The resources available to support conservation work, whether time or money, are limited. Decision makers need methods to help them identify the optimal allocation of limited resources to meet conservation goals, and decision analysis is uniquely suited to assist with the development of such methods. In recent years, a number of case studies have been described that examine optimal conservation decisions under fiscal constraints; here we develop methods to look at other types of constraints, including limited staff and regulatory deadlines. In the US, Section Seven consultation, an important component of protection under the federal Endangered Species Act, requires that federal agencies overseeing projects consult with federal biologists to avoid jeopardizing species. A benefit of consultation is negotiation of project modifications that lessen impacts on species, so staff time allocated to consultation supports conservation. However, some offices have experienced declining staff, potentially reducing the efficacy of consultation. This is true of the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Washington Fish and Wildlife Office (WFWO) and its consultation work on federally-threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). To improve effectiveness, WFWO managers needed a tool to help allocate this work to maximize conservation benefits. We used a decision-analytic approach to score projects based on the value of staff time investment, and then identified an optimal decision rule for how scored projects would be allocated across bins, where projects in different bins received different time investments. We found that, given current staff, the optimal decision rule placed 80% of informal consultations (those where expected effects are beneficial, insignificant, or discountable) in a short bin where they would be completed without negotiating changes. The remaining 20% would be placed in a long bin, warranting an investment of seven days, including time for negotiation. For formal consultations (those where expected effects are significant), 82% of projects would be placed in a long bin, with an average time investment of 15. days. The WFWO is using this decision-support tool to help allocate staff time. Because workload allocation decisions are iterative, we describe a monitoring plan designed to increase the tool's efficacy over time. This work has general application beyond Section Seven consultation, in that it provides a framework for efficient investment of staff time in conservation when such time is limited and when regulatory deadlines prevent an unconstrained approach. ?? 2010.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.009","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Converse, S.J., Shelley, K.J., Morey, S., Chan, J., LaTier, A., Scafidi, C., Crouse, D.T., and Runge, M.C., 2011, A decision-analytic approach to the optimal allocation of resources for endangered species consultation: Biological Conservation, v. 144, no. 1, p. 319-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.009.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"329","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216717,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.009"}],"volume":"144","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3aae4b0c8380cd46174","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":3513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":443857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelley, Kevin J.","contributorId":173713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shelley","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morey, Steve","contributorId":147048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morey","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":443862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chan, Jeffrey","contributorId":173712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chan","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LaTier, Andrea","contributorId":173711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaTier","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scafidi, Carolyn","contributorId":173710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scafidi","given":"Carolyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crouse, Deborah T.","contributorId":173709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crouse","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70032677,"text":"70032677 - 2011 - Cougar space use and movements in the wildland-urban landscape of western Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70032677","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cougar space use and movements in the wildland-urban landscape of western Washington","docAbstract":"The wildland-urban interface lies at the confluence of human-dominated and wild landscapes, creating a number of management and conservation challenges. Because wildlife ecology, behavior, and evolution at this interface are shaped by both natural and human phenomena, this requires greater understanding of how diverse factors affect ecosystem and population processes. We illustrate the challenge of understanding and managing a frequent and often undesired inhabitant of the wildland-urban landscape, the cougar (Puma concolor). In wildland and residential areas of western Washington State, USA, we captured and radiotracked 27 cougars to model space use and understand the role of landscape features in interactions (sightings, encounters, and depredations) between cougars and humans. Resource utilization functions (RUFs) identified cougar use of areas with features that were probably attractive to prey, influential on prey vulnerability, and associated with limited or no residential development. Early-successional forest (+), conifer forest (+), distance to road (-), residential density (-), and elevation (-) were significant positive and negative predictors of use for the population, whereas use of other landscape features was highly variable. Space use and movement rates in wildland and residential areas were similar because cougars used wildland-like forest patches, reserves, and corridors in residential portions of their home range. The population RUF was a good predictor of confirmed cougar interactions, with 72% of confirmed reports occurring in the 50% of the landscape predicted to be medium-high and high cougar use areas. We believe that there is a threshold residential density at which the level of development modifies the habitat but maintains enough wildland characteristics to encourage moderate levels of cougar use and maximize the probability of interaction. Wildlife managers trying to reduce interactions between cougars and people should incorporate information on spatial ecology and landscape characteristics to identify areas with the highest overlap of human and cougar use to focus management, education, and landscape planning. Resource utilization functions provide a proactive tool to guide these activities for improved coexistence with wildlife using both wildland and residential portions of the landscape. ??2011 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/11-0947.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Kertson, B., Spencer, R., Marzluff, J., Hepinstall-Cymerman, J., and Grue, C., 2011, Cougar space use and movements in the wildland-urban landscape of western Washington: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 8, p. 2866-2881, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0947.1.","startPage":"2866","endPage":"2881","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214079,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-0947.1"}],"volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc81e4b0c8380cd4e2b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kertson, B.N.","contributorId":37969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kertson","given":"B.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spencer, R.D.","contributorId":58064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marzluff, J.M.","contributorId":15152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marzluff","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hepinstall-Cymerman, Jeffrey","contributorId":51998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hepinstall-Cymerman","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grue, C.E.","contributorId":86446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grue","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034115,"text":"70034115 - 2011 - Assessment of field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl exposures and sorbent amendment using polychaete bioassays and passive sampler measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:20:13","indexId":"70034115","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl exposures and sorbent amendment using polychaete bioassays and passive sampler measurements","docAbstract":"Field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure were evaluated by employing caged deposit-feeders, Neanthes arenaceodentata, along with polyoxymethylene (POM) samplers using parallel in situ and ex situ bioassays with homogenized untreated or activated carbon (AC) amended sediment. The AC amendment achieved a remedial efficiency in reducing bioaccumulation by 90% in the laboratory and by 44% in the field transplants. In situ measurements showed that PCB uptake by POM samplers was greater for POM placed in the surface sediment compared with the underlying AC amendment, suggesting that tidal exchange of surrounding material with similar PCB availability as untreated sediment was redeposited in the cages. Polychlorinated biphenyls bioaccumulation with caged polychaetes from untreated sediment was half as large under field conditions compared with laboratory conditions. A biodynamic model was used to confirm and quantify the different processes that could have influenced these results. Three factors appeared most influential in the bioassays: AC amendment significantly reduces bioavailability under laboratory and field conditions; sediment deposition within test cages in the field partially masks the remedial benefit of underlying AC-amended sediment; and deposit-feeders exhibit less PCB uptake from untreated sediment when feeding is reduced. Ex situ and in situ experiments inevitably show some differences that are associated with measurement methods and effects of the environment. Parallel ex situ and in situ bioassays, passive sampler measurements, and quantifying important processes with a model can tease apart these field influences.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.367","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Janssen, E., Oen, A., Luoma, S.N., and Luthy, R., 2011, Assessment of field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl exposures and sorbent amendment using polychaete bioassays and passive sampler measurements: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 1, p. 173-180, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.367.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee30e4b0c8380cd49bf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janssen, E.M.","contributorId":78582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oen, A.M.","contributorId":87782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oen","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luthy, R.G.","contributorId":36335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luthy","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032616,"text":"70032616 - 2011 - Porphyry Cu indicator minerals in till as an exploration tool: Example from the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-25T13:52:16.829561","indexId":"70032616","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Porphyry Cu indicator minerals in till as an exploration tool: Example from the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"Porphyry Cu indicator minerals are mineral species in clastic sediments that indicate the presence of mineralization and hydrothermal alteration associated with porphyry Cu and associated skarn deposits. Porphyry Cu indicator minerals recovered from shallow till samples near the giant Pebble Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit in SW Alaska, USA, include apatite, andradite garnet, Mn-epidote, visible gold, jarosite, pyrite, and cinnabar. Sulphide minerals other than pyrite are absent from till, most likely due to the oxidation of the till. The distribution of till samples with abundant apatite and cinnabar suggest sources other than the Pebble deposit. With three exceptions, all till samples up-ice of the Pebble deposit contain <10 grains/10kg of garnet (0.25-0.5 mm). Samples in the immediate vicinity of the Pebble deposit contain 10-20 grains, whereas samples with the most grains (>40grains/10kg) are in close proximity to smaller porphyry and skarn occurrences in the region. The distribution of Mn-epidote closely mimics the distribution of garnet in the till samples and further supports the interpretation that these minerals most likely reflect skarns associated with the porphyry deposits. All but two till samples, including those up-ice from the deposit, contain some gold grains. However, tills immediately west and down-ice of Pebble contain more abundant gold grains, and the overall number of grains decreases in the down-ice direction. Furthermore, all samples in the immediate vicinity of Pebble contain more than 65% pristine and modified grains compared to mostly re-shaped grains in distal samples. The pristine gold in till reflects short transport distances and/or liberation of gold during in-situ weathering of transported chalcopyrite grains. Jarosite is also abundant (1-2 500 grains/10kg) in samples adjacent to and up to 7 km down-ice from the deposit. Most jarosite grains are rounded and preliminary Ar/Ar dates suggest the jarosite formed prior to glaciation and it implies that a supergene cap existed over Pebble West. Assuming this interpretation is accurate, it suggests a shallow level of erosion of the Pebble deposit by glacial processes. Overall the results of this study indicate that porphyry Cu indicator minerals in till samples may be useful in the exploration for porphyry deposits in SW Alaska.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/1467-7873/10-IM-041","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K.D., Eppinger, R.G., Lang, J., Smith, S.M., and Fey, D.L., 2011, Porphyry Cu indicator minerals in till as an exploration tool: Example from the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Alaska, USA: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 11, no. 4, p. 321-334, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/10-IM-041.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"334","ipdsId":"IP-011917","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Pebble porphyry deposit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158,\n 59.21531159041328\n ],\n [\n -153.731689453125,\n 59.21531159041328\n ],\n [\n -153.731689453125,\n 60.354130331374286\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 60.354130331374286\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 59.21531159041328\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7de3e4b0c8380cd7a208","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. kdkelley@usgs.gov","contributorId":431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen","email":"kdkelley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lang, J.","contributorId":87377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Steven M. 0000-0003-3591-5377 smsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-5377","contributorId":1460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"smsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70004382,"text":"70004382 - 2011 - Introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-11T18:09:58.096845","indexId":"70004382","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Introduction","docAbstract":"Ecotoxicology is the study of the movement of environmental contaminants through ecosystems and their effects on plants and animals. Examining tissue residues of these contaminants in biota is basic to ecotoxicology, both for understanding the movement of contaminants within organisms and through food chains, and for understanding and quantifying injuries to organisms and their communities. This book provides guidance on interpreting tissue concentrations of environmental contaminants.
Tissue concentrations have long been used both to identify the cause of toxicity in animals and as a measure of the severity of toxicity. More recently, they have been incorporated into environmental models, tying together exposure, kinetics, and toxic effects. Measuring tissue concentrations is basic to studies on the kinetics of contaminants, which entails characterizing the rates of uptake and elimination in organisms, as well as redistribution (organs, lipid, and plasma) within them. Tissue concentrations are also used in ecological studies examining the movement of contaminants between organisms and within biological communities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental contaminants in biota: Interpreting tissue concentrations, Second Edition","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1201/b10598-1","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W.N., and Meador, J., 2011, Introduction, chap. of Environmental contaminants in biota: Interpreting tissue concentrations, Second Edition, p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1201/b10598-1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","ipdsId":"IP-020126","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1201/b10598-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342737,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2nd Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594b85b4e4b062508e382b85","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. Nelson 0000-0002-8911-9141 nbeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":3301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W.","email":"nbeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Nelson","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825006,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meador, James P.","contributorId":174075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meador","given":"James P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698991,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. Nelson 0000-0002-8911-9141 nbeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":3301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W.","email":"nbeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Nelson","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meador, James P.","contributorId":174075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meador","given":"James P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}