{"pageNumber":"775","pageRowStart":"19350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40767,"records":[{"id":70193760,"text":"70193760 - 2011 - Inversion of multi-frequency electromagnetic induction data for 3D characterization of hydraulic conductivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T15:25:52","indexId":"70193760","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inversion of multi-frequency electromagnetic induction data for 3D characterization of hydraulic conductivity","docAbstract":"<p>Electromagnetic induction (EMI) instruments provide rapid, noninvasive, and spatially dense data for characterization of soil and groundwater properties. Data from multi-frequency EMI tools can be inverted to provide quantitative electrical conductivity estimates as a function of depth. In this study, multi-frequency EMI data collected across an abandoned uranium mill site near Naturita, Colorado, USA, are inverted to produce vertical distribution of electrical conductivity (<i>EC</i>) across the site. The relation between measured apparent electrical conductivity (<i>EC</i><sub><i>a</i></sub>) and hydraulic conductivity (<i>K</i>) is weak (correlation coefficient of 0.20), whereas the correlation between the depth dependent <i>EC</i> obtained from the inversions, and <i>K</i> is sufficiently strong to be used for hydrologic estimation (correlation coefficient of −&nbsp;0.62). Depth-specific <i>EC</i> values were correlated with co-located <i>K</i> measurements to develop a site-specific ln(<i>EC</i>)–ln(<i>K</i>) relation. This petrophysical relation was applied to produce a spatially detailed map of <i>K</i> across the study area. A synthetic example based on <i>EC</i><sub><i>a</i></sub> values at the site was used to assess model resolution and correlation loss given variations in depth and/or measurement error. Results from synthetic modeling indicate that optimum correlation with <i>K</i> occurs at ~&nbsp;0.5&nbsp;m followed by a gradual correlation loss of 90% at 2.3&nbsp;m. These results are consistent with an analysis of depth of investigation (DOI) given the range of frequencies, transmitter–receiver separation, and measurement errors for the field data. DOIs were estimated at 2.0&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.5&nbsp;m depending on the soil conductivities. A 4-layer model, with varying thicknesses, was used to invert the <i>EC</i><sub><i>a</i></sub> to maximize available information within the aquifer region for improved correlations with <i>K</i>. Results show improved correlation between <i>K</i> and the corresponding inverted <i>EC</i> at similar depths, underscoring the importance of inversion in using multi-frequency EMI data for hydrologic estimation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.02.004","usgsCitation":"Brosten, T.R., Day-Lewis, F.D., Schultz, G.M., Curtis, G.P., and Lane, J.W., 2011, Inversion of multi-frequency electromagnetic induction data for 3D characterization of hydraulic conductivity: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 73, no. 4, p. 323-335, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.02.004.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"335","ipdsId":"IP-018972","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348736,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6107fbe4b06e28e9c25628","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brosten, Troy R. tbrosten@usgs.gov","contributorId":138512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosten","given":"Troy","email":"tbrosten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schultz, Gregory M.","contributorId":9582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35646,"text":"Sky Research, Inc., Hanover, NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curtis, Gary P. 0000-0003-3975-8882 gpcurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3975-8882","contributorId":2346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Gary","email":"gpcurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70042392,"text":"70042392 - 2011 - Biological and geochemical controls on diel dissolved inorganic carbon cycling in a low-order agricultural stream: Implications for reach scales and beyond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-13T06:34:57","indexId":"70042392","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological and geochemical controls on diel dissolved inorganic carbon cycling in a low-order agricultural stream: Implications for reach scales and beyond","docAbstract":"<p>Movement of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) through the hydrologic cycle is an important component of global carbon budgets, but there is considerable uncertainty about the controls of DIC transmission from landscapes to streams, and through river networks to the oceans. In this study, diel measurements of DIC, d13C-DIC, dissolved oxygen (O2), d18O-O2, alkalinity, pH, and other parameters were used to assess the relative magnitudes of biological and geochemical controls on DIC cycling and flux in a nutrient-rich, net autotrophic stream. Rates of photosynthesis (P), respiration (R), groundwater discharge, air–water exchange of CO2, and carbonate precipitation/dissolution were quantified through a time-stepping chemical/isotope (12C and 13C, 16O and 18O) mass balance model. Groundwater was the major source of DIC to the stream. Primary production and carbonate precipitation were equally important sinks for DIC removed from the water column. The stream was always super-saturated with respect to carbonate minerals, but carbonate precipitation occurred mainly during the day when P increased pH. We estimated more than half (possibly 90%) of the carbonate precipitated during the day was retained in the reach under steady baseflow conditions. The amount of DIC removed from the overlying water through carbonate precipitation was similar to the amount of DIC generated from R. Air–water exchange of CO2 was always from the stream to the atmosphere, but was the smallest component of the DIC budget. Overall, the in-stream DIC reactions reduced the amount of CO2 evasion and the downstream flux of groundwater-derived DIC by about half relative to a hypothetical scenario with groundwater discharge only. Other streams with similar characteristics are widely distributed in the major river basins of North America. Data from USGS water quality monitoring networks from the 1960s to the 1990s indicated that 40% of 652 stream monitoring stations in the contiguous USA were at or above the equilibrium saturation state for calcite, and 77% of all stations exhibited apparent increases in saturation state from the 1960/70s to the 1980/90s. Diel processes including partially irreversible carbonate precipitation may affect net carbon fluxes from many such watersheds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.12.012","usgsCitation":"Tobias, C., and Bohlke, J., 2011, Biological and geochemical controls on diel dissolved inorganic carbon cycling in a low-order agricultural stream: Implications for reach scales and beyond: Chemical Geology, v. 283, no. 1-2, p. 18-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.12.012.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"30","ipdsId":"IP-022716","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -126.21093749999999,\n              49.49667452747045\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.98046874999999,\n              46.07323062540835\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.33203125,\n              39.232253141714885\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.87109375,\n              36.1733569352216\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.53125,\n              33.43144133557529\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3671875,\n              32.69486597787505\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4453125,\n              31.50362930577303\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.875,\n              31.653381399664\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.97656249999999,\n              25.005972656239187\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.625,\n              27.68352808378776\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.98828125,\n              29.38217507514529\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.59374999999999,\n              28.613459424004414\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.24218749999999,\n              29.84064389983441\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.90234375,\n              28.613459424004414\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.68359375,\n              24.046463999666567\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1015625,\n              25.48295117535531\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.92578124999999,\n              30.751277776257812\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.46484375,\n              34.59704151614417\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.70703125,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.30078125,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.48828125,\n              40.84706035607122\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              43.83452678223682\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.78515625,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.76171875,\n              45.82879925192134\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73828125,\n              42.16340342422401\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.85937499999999,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.19921875,\n              46.92025531537451\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.8671875,\n              49.38237278700955\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.21093749999999,\n              49.49667452747045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"283","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50ebfc72e4b07f1501afcfc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tobias, Craig","contributorId":90612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tobias","given":"Craig","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036730,"text":"70036730 - 2011 - Are there pre-Quaternary geological analogues for a future greenhouse warming?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T17:20:00.920518","indexId":"70036730","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3047,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are there pre-Quaternary geological analogues for a future greenhouse warming?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Given the inherent uncertainties in predicting how climate and environments will respond to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, it would be beneficial to society if science could identify geological analogues to the human race’s current&nbsp;</span><i>grand climate experiment</i><span>. This has been a focus of the geological and palaeoclimate communities over the last 30 years, with many scientific papers claiming that intervals in Earth history can be used as an analogue for future climate change. Using a coupled ocean–atmosphere modelling approach, we test this assertion for the most probable pre-Quaternary candidates of the last 100 million years: the Mid- and Late Cretaceous, the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), the Early Eocene, as well as warm intervals within the Miocene and Pliocene epochs. These intervals fail as true direct analogues since they either represent equilibrium climate states to a long-term CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;forcing—whereas anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases provide a progressive (transient) forcing on climate—or the sensitivity of the climate system itself to CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;was different. While no close geological analogue exists, past warm intervals in Earth history provide a unique opportunity to investigate processes that operated during warm (high CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) climate states. Palaeoclimate and environmental reconstruction/modelling are facilitating the assessment and calculation of the response of global temperatures to increasing CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations in the longer term (multiple centuries); this is now referred to as the Earth System Sensitivity, which is critical in identifying CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;thresholds in the atmosphere that must not be crossed to avoid dangerous levels of climate change in the long term. Palaeoclimatology also provides a unique and independent way to evaluate the qualities of climate and Earth system models used to predict future climate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2010.0317","issn":"1364503X","usgsCitation":"Haywood, A., Ridgwell, A., Lunt, D., Hill, D., Pound, M., Dowsett, H., Dolan, A., Francis, J., and Williams, M., 2011, Are there pre-Quaternary geological analogues for a future greenhouse warming?: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, v. 369, no. 1938, p. 933-956, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0317.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"933","endPage":"956","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475627,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0317","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217508,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0317"}],"volume":"369","issue":"1938","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed61e4b0c8380cd4979f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haywood, A.M.","contributorId":101050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ridgwell, A.","contributorId":93735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridgwell","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lunt, D.J.","contributorId":105127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunt","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, D.J.","contributorId":102291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pound, M.J.","contributorId":41259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pound","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dolan, A.M.","contributorId":40818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Francis, J.E.","contributorId":61249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Williams, Murray","contributorId":100499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Murray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70036186,"text":"70036186 - 2011 - Thermal structure and dynamics of Saturn's northern springtime disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T09:42:38","indexId":"70036186","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal structure and dynamics of Saturn's northern springtime disturbance","docAbstract":"<p><span>Saturn’s slow seasonal evolution was disrupted in 2010–2011 by the eruption of a bright storm in its northern spring hemisphere. Thermal infrared spectroscopy showed that within a month, the resulting planetary-scale disturbance had generated intense perturbations of atmospheric temperatures, winds, and composition between 20° and 50°N over an entire hemisphere (140,000 kilometers). The tropospheric storm cell produced effects that penetrated hundreds of kilometers into Saturn’s stratosphere (to the 1-millibar region). Stratospheric subsidence at the edges of the disturbance produced “beacons” of infrared emission and longitudinal temperature contrasts of 16 kelvin. The disturbance substantially altered atmospheric circulation, transporting material vertically over great distances, modifying stratospheric zonal jets, exciting wave activity and turbulence, and generating a new cold anticyclonic oval in the center of the disturbance at 41°N.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AAAS ","doi":"10.1126/science.1204774","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, L., Hesman, B., Irwin, P., Baines, K.H., Momary, T., Sanchez-Lavega, A., Flasar, F., Read, P., Orton, G., Simon-Miller, A., Hueso, R., Bjoraker, G., Mamoutkine, A., Del, R., Gomez, J., Buratti, B., Clark, R.N., Nicholson, P.D., and Sotin, C., 2011, Thermal structure and dynamics of Saturn's northern springtime disturbance: Science, v. 332, no. 6036, p. 1413-1417, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1204774.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"1413","endPage":"1417","ipdsId":"IP-029957","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218131,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1204774"}],"otherGeospatial":"Saturn","volume":"332","issue":"6036","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb25de4b08c986b32576d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, L.N.","contributorId":55669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hesman, B.E.","contributorId":37583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesman","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irwin, P.G.J.","contributorId":100616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"P.G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Momary, T.W.","contributorId":40405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Momary","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sanchez-Lavega, A.","contributorId":106738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez-Lavega","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Flasar, F.M.","contributorId":52440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flasar","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Read, P.L.","contributorId":56486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Orton, G.S.","contributorId":43922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orton","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Simon-Miller, A.","contributorId":30858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon-Miller","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hueso, R.","contributorId":56487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hueso","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bjoraker, G.L.","contributorId":11040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjoraker","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Mamoutkine, A.","contributorId":46808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mamoutkine","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Del, Rio-Gaztelurrutia","contributorId":88989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Del","given":"Rio-Gaztelurrutia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Gomez, J.M.","contributorId":44774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Buratti, B.","contributorId":51433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70036668,"text":"70036668 - 2011 - Rating curve estimation of nutrient loads in Iowa rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T17:00:30.039285","indexId":"70036668","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rating curve estimation of nutrient loads in Iowa rivers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate estimation of nutrient loads in rivers and streams is critical for many applications including determination of sources of nutrient loads in watersheds, evaluating long-term trends in loads, and estimating loading to downstream waterbodies. Since in many cases nutrient concentrations are measured on a weekly or monthly frequency, there is a need to estimate concentration and loads during periods when no data is available. The objectives of this study were to: (i) document the performance of a multiple regression model to predict loads of nitrate and total phosphorus (TP) in Iowa rivers and streams; (ii) determine whether there is any systematic bias in the load prediction estimates for nitrate and TP; and (iii) evaluate&nbsp;streamflow&nbsp;and concentration factors that could affect the load prediction efficiency. A commonly cited rating curve regression is utilized to estimate riverine nitrate and TP loads for rivers in Iowa with watershed areas ranging from 17.4 to over 34,600</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km</span><sup>2</sup><span>. Forty-nine nitrate and 44 TP datasets each comprising 5–22</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>years of approximately weekly to monthly concentrations were examined. Three nitrate data sets had sample collection frequencies averaging about three samples per week. The accuracy and precision of annual and long term riverine load prediction was assessed by direct comparison of rating curve load predictions with observed daily loads. Significant positive bias of annual and long term nitrate loads was detected. Long term rating curve nitrate load predictions exceeded observed loads by 25% or more at 33% of the 49 measurement sites. No bias was found for TP load prediction although 15% of the 44 cases either underestimated or overestimate observed long-term loads by more than 25%. The rating curve was found to poorly characterize nitrate and phosphorus variation in some rivers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.006","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Stenback, G., Crumpton, W., Schilling, K.E., and Helmers, M., 2011, Rating curve estimation of nutrient loads in Iowa rivers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 396, no. 1-2, p. 158-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"158","endPage":"169","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217530,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Iowa River 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,{"id":70036638,"text":"70036638 - 2011 - Modal-pushover-based ground-motion scaling procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T09:49:37","indexId":"70036638","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2467,"text":"Journal of Structural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modal-pushover-based ground-motion scaling procedure","docAbstract":"Earthquake engineering is increasingly using nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) to demonstrate the performance of structures. This rigorous method of analysis requires selection and scaling of ground motions appropriate to design hazard levels. This paper presents a modal-pushover-based scaling (MPS) procedure to scale ground motions for use in a nonlinear RHA of buildings. In the MPS method, the ground motions are scaled to match to a specified tolerance, a target value of the inelastic deformation of the first-mode inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDF) system whose properties are determined by the first-mode pushover analysis. Appropriate for first-mode dominated structures, this approach is extended for structures with significant contributions of higher modes by considering elastic deformation of second-mode SDF systems in selecting a subset of the scaled ground motions. Based on results presented for three actual buildings-4, 6, and 13-story-the accuracy and efficiency of the MPS procedure are established and its superiority over the ASCE/SEI 7-05 scaling procedure is demonstrated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000308","issn":"07339445","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., and Chopra, A.K., 2011, Modal-pushover-based ground-motion scaling procedure: Journal of Structural Engineering, v. 137, no. 3, p. 298-310, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000308.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217528,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000308"},{"id":245481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b9de4b0c8380cd6f6a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chopra, Anil K.","contributorId":79202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chopra","given":"Anil","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033866,"text":"70033866 - 2011 - Modeling PSInSAR time series without phase unwrapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T13:55:05","indexId":"70033866","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling PSInSAR time series without phase unwrapping","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this paper, we propose a least-squares-based method for multitemporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry that allows one to estimate deformations without the need of phase unwrapping. The method utilizes a series of multimaster wrapped differential interferograms with short baselines and focuses on arcs at which there are no phase ambiguities. An outlier detector is used to identify and remove the arcs with phase ambiguities, and a pseudoinverse of the variance-covariance matrix is used as the weight matrix of the correlated observations. The deformation rates at coherent points are estimated with a least squares model constrained by reference points. The proposed approach is verified with a set of simulated data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2010.2052625","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Zhang, L., Ding, X., and Lu, Z., 2011, Modeling PSInSAR time series without phase unwrapping: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 49, no. 1, p. 547-556, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2010.2052625.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"556","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214324,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2010.2052625"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bcbe4b0c8380cd6f7e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, L.","contributorId":41543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ding, X.","contributorId":49990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ding","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70157342,"text":"70157342 - 2011 - Effects of model layer simplification using composite hydraulic properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-03T15:12:58.978676","indexId":"70157342","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effects of model layer simplification using composite hydraulic properties","docAbstract":"<p><span>Groundwater provides much of the fresh drinking water to more than 1.5 billion people in the world (Clarke et al., 1996) and in the United States more that 50 percent of citizens rely on groundwater for drinking water (Solley et al., 1998). As aquifer systems are developed for water supply, the hydrologic system is changed. Water pumped from the aquifer system initially can come from some combination of inducing more recharge, water permanently removed from storage, and decreased groundwater discharge. Once a new equilibrium is achieved, all of the pumpage must come from induced recharge and decreased discharge (Alley et al., 1999). Further development of groundwater resources may result in reductions of surface water runoff and base flows. Competing demands for groundwater resources require good management. Adequate data to characterize the aquifers and confining units of the system, like hydrologic boundaries, groundwater levels, streamflow, and groundwater pumping and climatic data for recharge estimation are to be collected in order to quantify the effects of groundwater withdrawals on wetlands, streams, and lakes. Once collected, three-dimensional (3D) groundwater flow models can be developed and calibrated and used as a tool for groundwater management. The main hydraulic parameters that comprise a regional or subregional model of an aquifer system are the hydraulic conductivity and storage properties of the aquifers and confining units (hydrogeologic units) that confine the system. Many 3D groundwater flow models used to help assess groundwater/surface-water interactions require calculating ?effective? or composite hydraulic properties of multilayered lithologic units within a hydrogeologic unit. The calculation of composite hydraulic properties stems from the need to characterize groundwater flow using coarse model layering in order to reduce simulation times while still representing the flow through the system accurately. The accuracy of flow models with simplified layering and hydraulic properties will depend on the effectiveness of the methods used to determine composite hydraulic properties from a number of lithologic units.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic conductivity: Issues, determination and applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"InTech","publisherLocation":"Rijeka, Croatia","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., and Sepulveda, N., 2011, Effects of model layer simplification using composite hydraulic properties, chap. <i>of</i> Hydraulic conductivity: Issues, determination and applications, p. 357-376.","productDescription":"20 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,{"id":70033873,"text":"70033873 - 2011 - Using a genetic mixture model to study phenotypic traits: Differential fecundity among Yukon river Chinook Salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T10:26:01","indexId":"70033873","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using a genetic mixture model to study phenotypic traits: Differential fecundity among Yukon river Chinook Salmon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fecundity is a vital population characteristic that is directly linked to the productivity of fish populations. Historic data from Yukon River (Alaska) Chinook salmon&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>suggest that length‐adjusted fecundity differs among populations within the drainage and either is temporally variable or has declined. Yukon River Chinook salmon have been harvested in large‐mesh gill‐net fisheries for decades, and a decline in fecundity was considered a potential evolutionary response to size‐selective exploitation. The implications for fishery conservation and management led us to further investigate the fecundity of Yukon River Chinook salmon populations. Matched observations of fecundity, length, and genotype were collected from a sample of adult females captured from the multipopulation spawning migration near the mouth of the Yukon River in 2008. These data were modeled by using a new mixture model, which was developed by extending the conditional maximum likelihood mixture model that is commonly used to estimate the composition of multipopulation mixtures based on genetic data. The new model facilitates maximum likelihood estimation of stock‐specific fecundity parameters without first using individual assignment to a putative population of origin, thus avoiding potential biases caused by assignment error. The hypothesis that fecundity of Chinook salmon has declined was not supported; this result implies that fecundity exhibits high interannual variability. However, length‐adjusted fecundity estimates decreased as migratory distance increased, and fecundity was more strongly dependent on fish size for populations spawning in the middle and upper portions of the drainage. These findings provide insights into potential constraints on reproductive investment imposed by long migrations and warrant consideration in fisheries management and conservation. The new mixture model extends the utility of genetic markers to new applications and can be easily adapted to study any observable trait or condition that may vary among populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.558776","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Bromaghin, J.F., Evenson, D., McLain, T., and Flannery, B.G., 2011, Using a genetic mixture model to study phenotypic traits: Differential fecundity among Yukon river Chinook Salmon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 140, no. 2, p. 235-249, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.558776.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214477,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.558776"}],"volume":"140","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc021e4b08c986b329f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. 0000-0002-7209-9500 jbromaghin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9500","contributorId":139899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromaghin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbromaghin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evenson, D.F.","contributorId":104356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLain, T.H.","contributorId":15899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLain","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flannery, Blair G.","contributorId":95675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flannery","given":"Blair","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033875,"text":"70033875 - 2011 - Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033875","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity","docAbstract":"How best to predict the effects of perturbations to ecological communities has been a long-standing goal for both applied and basic ecology. This quest has recently been revived by new empirical data, new analysis methods, and increased computing speed, with the promise that ecologically important insights may be obtainable from a limited knowledge of community interactions. We use empirically based and simulated networks of varying size and connectance to assess two limitations to predicting perturbation responses in multispecies communities: (1) the inaccuracy by which species interaction strengths are empirically quantified and (2) the indeterminacy of species responses due to indirect effects associated with network size and structure. We find that even modest levels of species richness and connectance (??25 pairwise interactions) impose high requirements for interaction strength estimates because system indeterminacy rapidly overwhelms predictive insights. Nevertheless, even poorly estimated interaction strengths provide greater average predictive certainty than an approach that uses only the sign of each interaction. Our simulations provide guidance in dealing with the trade-offs involved in maximizing the utility of network approaches for predicting dynamics in multispecies communities. ?? 2011 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/10-1354.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Novak, M., Wootton, J., Doak, D., Emmerson, M., Estes, J.A., and Tinker, M.T., 2011, Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity: Ecology, v. 92, no. 4, p. 836-846, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1354.1.","startPage":"836","endPage":"846","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214504,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1354.1"},{"id":242237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81b1e4b0c8380cd7b699","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Novak, M.","contributorId":6248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novak","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wootton, J.T.","contributorId":60460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wootton","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doak, D.F.","contributorId":39729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Emmerson, M.","contributorId":18591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmerson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tinker, M. T. 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":54152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033879,"text":"70033879 - 2011 - A Bayesian network to predict coastal vulnerability to sea level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033879","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Bayesian network to predict coastal vulnerability to sea level rise","docAbstract":"Sea level rise during the 21st century will have a wide range of effects on coastal environments, human development, and infrastructure in coastal areas. The broad range of complex factors influencing coastal systems contributes to large uncertainties in predicting long-term sea level rise impacts. Here we explore and demonstrate the capabilities of a Bayesian network (BN) to predict long-term shoreline change associated with sea level rise and make quantitative assessments of prediction uncertainty. A BN is used to define relationships between driving forces, geologic constraints, and coastal response for the U.S. Atlantic coast that include observations of local rates of relative sea level rise, wave height, tide range, geomorphic classification, coastal slope, and shoreline change rate. The BN is used to make probabilistic predictions of shoreline retreat in response to different future sea level rise rates. Results demonstrate that the probability of shoreline retreat increases with higher rates of sea level rise. Where more specific information is included, the probability of shoreline change increases in a number of cases, indicating more confident predictions. A hindcast evaluation of the BN indicates that the network correctly predicts 71% of the cases. Evaluation of the results using Brier skill and log likelihood ratio scores indicates that the network provides shoreline change predictions that are better than the prior probability. Shoreline change outcomes indicating stability (-1 < rate < 1 m/yr) or erosion (rate < -1 m/yr) tend to occur for two sets of input scenarios. Stable shoreline change rates occur mainly for low rates of relative sea level rise and occur in low-vulnerability geomorphic settings. Rates indicating erosion result for cases where the rate of relative sea level rise is high and moderate-to-high vulnerability geomorphic settings occur. In contrast, accretion (rate > 1 m/yr) was not well predicted. We find that BNs can assimilate important factors contributing to coastal change in response to sea level rise and can make quantitative, probabilistic predictions that can be applied to coastal management decisions. Copyright ?? 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010JF001891","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gutierrez, B., Plant, N., and Thieler, E., 2011, A Bayesian network to predict coastal vulnerability to sea level rise: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 116, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001891.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475380,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jf001891","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214535,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001891"},{"id":242270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2c8e4b0c8380cd45c4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrez, B.T.","contributorId":86571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plant, N.G.","contributorId":94023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thieler, E.R. 0000-0003-4311-9717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":93082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036504,"text":"70036504 - 2011 - Pore networks in continental and marine mudstones: Characteristics and controls on sealing behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T18:01:06.206115","indexId":"70036504","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pore networks in continental and marine mudstones: Characteristics and controls on sealing behavior","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mudstone pore networks are strong modifiers of sedimentary basin fluid dynamics and have a critical role in the distribution of hydrocarbons and containment of injected fluids. Using core samples from continental and marine mudstones, we investigate properties of pore types and networks from a variety of geologic environments, together with estimates of capillary breakthrough pressures by mercury intrusion porosimetry. Analysis and interpretation of quantitative and qualitative three-dimensional (3D) observations, obtained by dual focused ion beam–scanning electron microscopy, suggest seven dominant mudstone pore types distinguished by geometry and connectivity. A dominant planar pore type occurs in all investigated mudstones and generally has high coordination numbers (i.e., number of neighboring connected pores). Connected networks of pores of this type contribute to high mercury capillary pressures due to small pore throats at the junctions of connected pores and likely control most matrix transport in these mudstones. Other pore types are related to authigenic (e.g., replacement or pore-lining precipitation) clay minerals and pyrite nodules; pores in clay packets adjacent to larger, more competent clastic grains; pores in organic phases; and stylolitic and microfracture-related pores. Pores within regions of authigenic clay minerals often form small isolated networks (&lt;3 μm). Pores in stringers of organic phases occur as tubular pores or slit- and/or sheet-like pores. These form short, connected lengths in 3D reconstructions, but appear to form networks no larger than a few microns in size. Sealing efficiency of the studied mudstones increases with greater distal depositional environments and greater maximum depth of burial.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00619.1","issn":"1553040X","usgsCitation":"Heath, J., Dewers, T., McPherson, B., Petrusak, R., Chidsey, T., Rinehart, A., and Mozley, P., 2011, Pore networks in continental and marine mudstones: Characteristics and controls on sealing behavior: Geosphere, v. 7, no. 2, p. 429-454, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00619.1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"454","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475126,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00619.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218589,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00619.1"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7dcbe4b0c8380cd7a16f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heath, J.E.","contributorId":80944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heath","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dewers, T.A.","contributorId":51587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewers","given":"T.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPherson, B.J.O.L.","contributorId":18214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"B.J.O.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petrusak, R.","contributorId":54058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrusak","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chidsey, T.C.","contributorId":31610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chidsey","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rinehart, A.J.","contributorId":49642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinehart","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mozley, P.S.","contributorId":72243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mozley","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036489,"text":"70036489 - 2011 - Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-08T17:48:00.504303","indexId":"70036489","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora","docAbstract":"<p><span>The smooth cordgrass&nbsp;</span><i>Spartina alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;is the foundation species in intertidal salt marshes of the North American Atlantic coast. Depending on its elevation within the marsh,&nbsp;</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;may be submerged for several hours per day. Previous ecosystem-level studies have demonstrated that&nbsp;</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;marshes are a net sink for nitrogen (N), and that removal of N from flooding tidal water can provide enough N to support the aboveground biomass. However, studies have not specifically investigated whether&nbsp;</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;plants assimilate nutrients through their aboveground tissue. We determined&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;foliar and stem N uptake kinetics for&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>NH</span><sub>4</sub><span>,&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>, and&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>N-glycine by artificially flooding plants in a mid-Atlantic salt marsh. To determine the ecological importance of shoot uptake, a model was created to estimate the time of inundation of&nbsp;</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;in 20 cm height intervals during the growing season. Estimates of inundation time, shoot mass, N uptake rates, and N availability from long-term data sets were used to model seasonal shoot N uptake. Rates of aboveground N uptake rates (leaves + stems) were ranked as follows: NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;&gt; glycine &gt; NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup><span>. Our model suggests that shoot N uptake may satisfy up to 15% of the growing season N demand in mid-Atlantic salt marshes, with variation depending on plant elevation and water column N availability. However, in eutrophic estuaries, our model indicates the potential of the plant canopy as a nutrient filter, with shoot uptake contributing 66 to 100% of plant N demand.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps09117","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Mozdzer, T., Kirwan, M., McGlathery, K., and Zieman, J.C., 2011, Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 433, p. 43-52, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09117.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"52","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475290,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09117","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218414,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09117"}],"volume":"433","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66f9e4b0c8380cd730e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mozdzer, T. J.","contributorId":31888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mozdzer","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirwan, M.","contributorId":41124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":456388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGlathery, K. J.","contributorId":72109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGlathery","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zieman, J. C.","contributorId":23265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zieman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036488,"text":"70036488 - 2011 - The indication of Martian gully formation processes by slope-area analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T11:04:41","indexId":"70036488","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The indication of Martian gully formation processes by slope-area analysis","docAbstract":"<p>The formation process of recent gullies on Mars is currently under debate. This study aims to discriminate between the proposed formation processes - pure water flow, debris flow and dry mass wasting - through the application of geomorphological indices commonly used in terrestrial geomorphology. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) of Earth and Mars were used to evaluate the drainage characteristics of small slope sections. Data from Earth were used to validate the hillslope, debris-flow and alluvial process domains previously found for large fluvial catchments on Earth, and these domains were applied to gullied and ungullied slopes on Mars. In accordance with other studies, our results indicate that debris flow is one of the main processes forming the Martian gullies that were being examined. The source of the water is predominantly distributed surface melting, not an underground aquifer. Evidence is also presented indicating that other processes may have shaped Martian crater slopes, such as ice-assisted creep and solifluction, in agreement with the proposed recent Martian glacial and periglacial climate. Our results suggest that, within impact craters, different processes are acting on differently oriented slopes, but further work is needed to investigate the potential link between these observations and changes in Martian climate.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1144/SP356.10","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Conway, S.J., Balme, M.R., Murray, J., Towner, M.C., Okubo, C., and Grindrod, P.M., 2011, The indication of Martian gully formation processes by slope-area analysis: Geological Society Special Publication, v. 356, no. 1, p. 171-201, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP356.10.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"201","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475339,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-02276823","text":"External Repository"},{"id":218381,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/SP356.10"},{"id":246383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"356","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad05e4b08c986b323908","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conway, Susan J.","contributorId":203697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conway","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36693,"text":"University of Nantes","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":456383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balme, Matthew R.","contributorId":212708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balme","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, John B.","contributorId":212709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Towner, Martin C.","contributorId":212710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Towner","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Okubo, Chris 0000-0001-9776-8128 cokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-8128","contributorId":174209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Chris","email":"cokubo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grindrod, Peter M.","contributorId":212711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grindrod","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036487,"text":"70036487 - 2011 - Mapping rice areas of South Asia using MODIS multitemporal data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-08T17:57:53.57838","indexId":"70036487","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2172,"text":"Journal of Applied Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping rice areas of South Asia using MODIS multitemporal data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Our goal is to map the rice areas of six South Asian countries using moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) time-series data for the time period 2000 to 2001. South Asia accounts for almost 40% of the world's harvested rice area and is also home to 74% of the population that lives on less than $2.00 a day. The population of the region is growing faster than its ability to produce rice. Thus, accurate and timely assessment of where and how rice is cultivated is important to craft food security and poverty alleviation strategies. We used a time series of eight-day, 500-m spatial resolution composite images from the MODIS sensor to produce rice maps and rice characteristics (e.g., intensity of cropping, cropping calendar) taking data for the years 2000 to 2001 and by adopting a suite of methods that include spectral matching techniques, decision trees, and ideal temporal profile data banks to rapidly identify and classify rice areas over large spatial extents. These methods are used in conjunction with ancillary spatial data sets (e.g., elevation, precipitation), national statistics, and maps, and a large volume of field-plot data. The resulting rice maps and statistics are compared against a subset of independent field-plot points and the best available subnational statistics on rice areas for the main crop growing season (kharif season). A fuzzy classification accuracy assessment for the 2000 to 2001 rice-map product, based on field-plot data, demonstrated accuracies from 67% to 100% for individual rice classes, with an overall accuracy of 80% for all classes. Most of the mixing was within rice classes. The derived physical rice area was highly correlated with the subnational statistics with&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;values of 97% at the district level and 99% at the state level for 2000 to 2001. These results suggest that the methods, approaches, algorithms, and data sets we used are ideal for rapid, accurate, and large-scale mapping of paddy rice as well as for generating their statistics over large areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers","doi":"10.1117/1.3619838","issn":"19313195","usgsCitation":"Gumma, M., Nelson, A., Thenkabail, P., and Singh, A., 2011, Mapping rice areas of South Asia using MODIS multitemporal data: Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, v. 5, no. 1, 053547, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3619838.","productDescription":"053547, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488988,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3619838","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218380,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object 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M.K.","contributorId":12286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumma","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, A.","contributorId":50343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thenkabail, P.S.","contributorId":66071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singh, A.N.","contributorId":36790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70157324,"text":"70157324 - 2011 - Simulating effects of microtopography on wetland specific yield and hydroperiod","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T16:57:11.626621","indexId":"70157324","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Simulating effects of microtopography on wetland specific yield and hydroperiod","docAbstract":"<p><span>Specific yield and hydroperiod have proven to be useful parameters in hydrologic analysis of wetlands. Specific yield is a critical parameter to quantitatively relate hydrologic fluxes (e.g., rainfall, evapotranspiration, and runoff) and water level changes. Hydroperiod measures the temporal variability and frequency of land-surface inundation. Conventionally, hydrologic analyses used these concepts without considering the effects of land surface microtopography and assumed a smoothly-varying land surface. However, these microtopographic effects could result in small-scale variations in land surface inundation and water depth above or below the land surface, which in turn affect ecologic and hydrologic processes of wetlands. The objective of this chapter is to develop a physically-based approach for estimating specific yield and hydroperiod that enables the consideration of microtopographic features of wetlands, and to illustrate the approach at sites in the Florida Everglades. The results indicate that the physically-based approach can better capture the variations of specific yield with water level, in particular when the water level falls between the minimum and maximum land surface elevations. The suggested approach for hydroperiod computation predicted that the wetlands might be completely dry or completely wet much less frequently than suggested by the conventional approach neglecting microtopography. One reasonable generalization may be that the hydroperiod approaches presented in this chapter can be a more accurate prediction tool for water resources management to meet the specific hydroperiod threshold as required by a species of plant or animal of interest.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling hydrologic effects of microtopographic features","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nova Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"New York City, NY","usgsCitation":"Summer, D.M., 2011, Simulating effects of microtopography on wetland specific yield and hydroperiod, chap. <i>of</i> Modeling hydrologic effects of microtopographic features, p. 59-82.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011991","costCenters":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308286,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fd35b9e4b05d6c4e502c71","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wang, Xixi","contributorId":147799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Xixi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572691,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Summer, David M.","contributorId":147798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Summer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036474,"text":"70036474 - 2011 - Adaptive finite volume methods with well-balanced Riemann solvers for modeling floods in rugged terrain: Application to the Malpasset dam-break flood (France, 1959)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:05","indexId":"70036474","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2023,"text":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive finite volume methods with well-balanced Riemann solvers for modeling floods in rugged terrain: Application to the Malpasset dam-break flood (France, 1959)","docAbstract":"The simulation of advancing flood waves over rugged topography, by solving the shallow-water equations with well-balanced high-resolution finite volume methods and block-structured dynamic adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), is described and validated in this paper. The efficiency of block-structured AMR makes large-scale problems tractable, and allows the use of accurate and stable methods developed for solving general hyperbolic problems on quadrilateral grids. Features indicative of flooding in rugged terrain, such as advancing wet-dry fronts and non-stationary steady states due to balanced source terms from variable topography, present unique challenges and require modifications such as special Riemann solvers. A well-balanced Riemann solver for inundation and general (non-stationary) flow over topography is tested in this context. The difficulties of modeling floods in rugged terrain, and the rationale for and efficacy of using AMR and well-balanced methods, are presented. The algorithms are validated by simulating the Malpasset dam-break flood (France, 1959), which has served as a benchmark problem previously. Historical field data, laboratory model data and other numerical simulation results (computed on static fitted meshes) are shown for comparison. The methods are implemented in GEOCLAW, a subset of the open-source CLAWPACK software. All the software is freely available at. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/fld.2298","issn":"02712091","usgsCitation":"George, D., 2011, Adaptive finite volume methods with well-balanced Riemann solvers for modeling floods in rugged terrain: Application to the Malpasset dam-break flood (France, 1959): International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, v. 66, no. 8, p. 1000-1018, https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.2298.","startPage":"1000","endPage":"1018","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218179,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.2298"},{"id":246164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6e4e4b0c8380cd476e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, D.L.","contributorId":54419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033900,"text":"70033900 - 2011 - Effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements at water-supply wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T12:11:46","indexId":"70033900","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements at water-supply wells","docAbstract":"The effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow patterns on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements were examined in five hydrologically distinct aquifer systems in the USA. Although naturally occurring, these trace elements can exceed concentrations that are considered harmful to human health. The results show that pumping-induced hydraulic gradient changes and artificial connection of aquifers by well screens can mix chemically distinct groundwater. Chemical reactions between these mixed groundwaters and solid aquifer materials can result in the mobilization of trace elements such as U, As and Ra, with subsequent transport to water-supply wells. For example, in the High Plains aquifer near York, Nebraska, mixing of shallow, oxygenated, lower-pH water from an unconfined aquifer with deeper, confined, anoxic, higher-pH water is facilitated by wells screened across both aquifers. The resulting higher-O2, lower-pH mixed groundwater facilitated the mobilization of U from solid aquifer materials, and dissolved U concentrations were observed to increase significantly in nearby supply wells. Similar instances of trace element mobilization due to human-induced mixing of groundwaters were documented in: (1) the Floridan aquifer system near Tampa, Florida (As and U), (2) Paleozoic sedimentary aquifers in eastern Wisconsin (As), (3) the basin-fill aquifer underlying the California Central Valley near Modesto (U), and (4) Coastal Plain aquifers of New Jersey (Ra). Adverse water-quality impacts attributed to human activities are commonly assumed to be related solely to the release of the various anthropogenic contaminants to the environment. The results show that human activities including various land uses, well drilling, and pumping rates and volumes can adversely impact the quality of water in supply wells, when associated with naturally-occurring trace elements in aquifer materials. This occurs by causing subtle but significant changes in geochemistry and associated trace element mobilization as well as enhancing advective transport processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.033","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., Szabo, Z., Focazio, M., and Eberts, S.M., 2011, Effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements at water-supply wells: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, no. 5, p. 747-762, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.033.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"747","endPage":"762","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -126.21093749999999,\n              49.49667452747045\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.98046874999999,\n              46.07323062540835\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.33203125,\n              39.232253141714885\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.87109375,\n              36.1733569352216\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.53125,\n              33.43144133557529\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3671875,\n              32.69486597787505\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4453125,\n              31.50362930577303\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.875,\n              31.653381399664\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.97656249999999,\n              25.005972656239187\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.625,\n              27.68352808378776\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.98828125,\n              29.38217507514529\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.59374999999999,\n              28.613459424004414\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.24218749999999,\n              29.84064389983441\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.90234375,\n              28.613459424004414\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.68359375,\n              24.046463999666567\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1015625,\n              25.48295117535531\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.92578124999999,\n              30.751277776257812\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.46484375,\n              34.59704151614417\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.70703125,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.30078125,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.48828125,\n              40.84706035607122\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              43.83452678223682\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.78515625,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.76171875,\n              45.82879925192134\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73828125,\n              42.16340342422401\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.85937499999999,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.19921875,\n              46.92025531537451\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.8671875,\n              49.38237278700955\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.21093749999999,\n              49.49667452747045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a071ae4b0c8380cd51569","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, J. D.","contributorId":96667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Z. 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":44302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Focazio, M. J.","contributorId":62997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eberts, S. M.","contributorId":28276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036467,"text":"70036467 - 2011 - Structure of the San Fernando Valley region, California: implications for seismic hazard and tectonic history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T12:59:45","indexId":"70036467","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of the San Fernando Valley region, California: implications for seismic hazard and tectonic history","docAbstract":"Industry seismic reflection data, oil test well data, interpretation of gravity and magnetic data, and seismic refraction deep-crustal profiles provide new perspectives on the subsurface geology of San Fernando Valley, home of two of the most recent damaging earthquakes in southern California. Seismic reflection data provide depths to Miocene–Quaternary horizons; beneath the base of the Late Miocene Modelo Formation are largely nonreflective rocks of the Middle Miocene Topanga and older formations. Gravity and seismic reflection data reveal the North Leadwell fault zone, a set of down-to-the-north faults that does not offset the top of the Modelo Formation; the zone strikes northwest across the valley, and may be part of the Oak Ridge fault system to the west. In the southeast part of the valley, the fault zone bounds a concealed basement high that influenced deposition of the Late Miocene Tarzana fan and may have localized damage from the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Gravity and seismic refraction data indicate that the basin underlying San Fernando Valley is asymmetric, the north part of the basin (Sylmar subbasin) reaching depths of 5–8 km. Magnetic data suggest a major boundary at or near the Verdugo fault, which likely started as a Miocene transtensional fault, and show a change in the dip sense of the fault along strike. The northwest projection of the Verdugo fault separates the Sylmar subbasin from the main San Fernando Valley and coincides with the abrupt change in structural style from the Santa Susana fault to the Sierra Madre fault. The Simi Hills bound the basin on the west and, as defined by gravity data, the boundary is linear and strikes ~N45°E. That northeast-trending gravity gradient follows both the part of the 1971 San Fernando aftershock distribution called the Chatsworth trend and the aftershock trends of the 1994 Northridge earthquake. These data suggest that the 1971 San Fernando and 1994 Northridge earthquakes reactivated portions of Miocene normal faults.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GES00597.1","issn":"1553040X","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Wright, T.L., Okaya, D.A., Yeats, R., Fuis, G., Thygesen, K., and Thybo, H., 2011, Structure of the San Fernando Valley region, California: implications for seismic hazard and tectonic history: Geosphere, v. 7, no. 2, p. 528-572, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00597.1.","productDescription":"45 p.","startPage":"528","endPage":"572","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475416,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00597.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":218559,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00597.1"},{"id":246581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Fernando Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c60e4b08c986b31d3cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":456283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, T. L.","contributorId":11188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okaya, D. A.","contributorId":64280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yeats, R.S.","contributorId":48990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeats","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thygesen, K.","contributorId":56840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thygesen","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thybo, H.","contributorId":57599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thybo","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036700,"text":"70036700 - 2011 - Regional spectral analysis of three moderate earthquakes in Northeastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T10:20:08","indexId":"70036700","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional spectral analysis of three moderate earthquakes in Northeastern North America","docAbstract":"We analyze Fourier spectra obtained from the horizontal components of broadband and accelerogram data from the 1997 Cap-Rouge, the 2002 Ausable Forks, and the 2005 Rivière-du-Loup earthquakes, recorded by Canadian and American stations sited on rock at hypocentral distances from 23 to 602 km. We check the recorded spectra closely for anomalies that might result from site resonance or source effects. We use Beresnev and Atkinson’s (1997) near-surface velocity structures and Boore and Joyner’s (1997) quarter-wave method to estimate site response at hard- and soft-rock sites. We revise the Street <i>et al.</i> (1975) model for geometrical spreading, adopting a crossover distance of r<sub>o</sub>=50 km instead of 100 km. We obtain an average attenuation of <i>Q</i>=410±25f<sup>0.50±0.03</sup> for <i>S+L<sub>g</sub></i>+surface waves with ray paths in the Appalachian and southeastern Grenville Provinces. We correct the recorded spectra for attenuation and site response to estimate source spectral shape and radiated energy for these three earthquakes and the 1988 <b>M</b> 5.8 Saguenay earthquake. The Brune stress drops range from 130 to 419 bars, and the apparent stresses range from 39 to 63 bars. The corrected source spectral shapes of these earthquakes are somewhat variable for frequencies from 0.2 to 2 Hz, falling slightly below the fitted Brune spectra.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120100225","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Boatwright, J., and Seekins, L.C., 2011, Regional spectral analysis of three moderate earthquakes in Northeastern North America: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 4, p. 1769-1782, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100225.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1769","endPage":"1782","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217532,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120100225"},{"id":245485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States;Canada","volume":"101","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20c9de4b08b071e771bbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boatwright, John 0000-0002-6931-5241 boat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-5241","contributorId":1938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"John","email":"boat@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seekins, Linda C.","contributorId":14811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seekins","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036702,"text":"70036702 - 2011 - Efficacy of monitoring and empirical predictive modeling at improving public health protection at Chicago beaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-30T20:38:21","indexId":"70036702","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy of monitoring and empirical predictive modeling at improving public health protection at Chicago beaches","docAbstract":"Efforts to improve public health protection in recreational swimming waters have focused on obtaining real-time estimates of water quality. Current monitoring techniques rely on the time-intensive culturing of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) from water samples, but rapidly changing FIB concentrations result in management errors that lead to the public being exposed to high FIB concentrations (type II error) or beaches being closed despite acceptable water quality (type I error). Empirical predictive models may provide a rapid solution, but their effectiveness at improving health protection has not been adequately assessed. We sought to determine if emerging monitoring approaches could effectively reduce risk of illness exposure by minimizing management errors. We examined four monitoring approaches (inactive, current protocol, a single predictive model for all beaches, and individual models for each beach) with increasing refinement at 14 Chicago beaches using historical monitoring and hydrometeorological data and compared management outcomes using different standards for decision-making. Predictability (R<sup>2</sup>) of FIB concentration improved with model refinement at all beaches but one. Predictive models did not always reduce the number of management errors and therefore the overall illness burden. Use of a Chicago-specific single-sample standard-rather than the default 235 <i>E. coli</i> CFU/100 ml widely used-together with predictive modeling resulted in the greatest number of open beach days without any increase in public health risk. These results emphasize that emerging monitoring approaches such as empirical models are not equally applicable at all beaches, and combining monitoring approaches may expand beach access.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.010","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Nevers, M.B., and Whitman, R.L., 2011, Efficacy of monitoring and empirical predictive modeling at improving public health protection at Chicago beaches: Water Research, v. 45, no. 4, p. 1659-1668, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.010.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1659","endPage":"1668","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217564,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.010"},{"id":245517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0861e4b0c8380cd51ac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nevers, Meredith B.","contributorId":91803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033903,"text":"70033903 - 2011 - Field flume reveals aquatic vegetation's role in sediment and particulate phosphorus transport in a shallow aquatic ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T16:29:27","indexId":"70033903","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field flume reveals aquatic vegetation's role in sediment and particulate phosphorus transport in a shallow aquatic ecosystem","docAbstract":"Flow interactions with aquatic vegetation and effects on sediment transport and nutrient redistribution are uncertain in shallow aquatic ecosystems. Here we quantified sediment transport in the Everglades by progressively increasing flow velocity in a field flume constructed around undisturbed bed sediment and emergent macrophytes. Suspended sediment < 100 μm was dominant in the lower range of laminar flow and was supplied by detachment from epiphyton. Sediment flux increased by a factor of four and coarse flocculent sediment > 100 μm became dominant at higher velocity steps after a threshold shear stress for bed floc entrainment was exceeded. Shedding of vortices that had formed downstream of plant stems also occurred on that velocity step which promoted additional sediment detachment from epiphyton. Modeling determined that the potentially entrainable sediment reservoir, 46 g m<sup>−2</sup>, was similar to the reservoir of epiphyton (66 g m<sup>−2</sup>) but smaller than the reservoir of flocculent bed sediment (330 g m<sup>−2</sup>). All suspended sediment was enriched in phosphorus (by approximately twenty times) compared with bulk sediment on the bed surface and on plant stems, indicating that the most easily entrainable sediment is also the most nutrient rich (and likely the most biologically active).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.03.028","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., Noe, G., Larsen, L., Nowacki, D., and McPhillips, L., 2011, Field flume reveals aquatic vegetation's role in sediment and particulate phosphorus transport in a shallow aquatic ecosystem: Geomorphology, v. 126, no. 3-4, p. 297-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.03.028.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"313","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214384,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.03.028"}],"volume":"126","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fb8e4b0c8380cd539c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noe, G.B.","contributorId":66464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larsen, L. G.","contributorId":50741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"L. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nowacki, D.J.","contributorId":66498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowacki","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McPhillips, L.E.","contributorId":68547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhillips","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036415,"text":"70036415 - 2011 - Proactive aquatic ecotoxicological assessment of room-temperature ionic liquids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T20:48:38.075062","indexId":"70036415","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1357,"text":"Current Organic Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proactive aquatic ecotoxicological assessment of room-temperature ionic liquids","docAbstract":"<p><span>Aquatic environments are being contaminated with a myriad of anthropogenic chemicals, a problem likely to continue due to both unintentional and intentional releases. To protect valuable natural resources, novel chemicals should be shown to be environmentally safe prior to use and potential release into the environment. Such proactive assessment is currently being applied to room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs). Because most ILs are water-soluble, their effects are likely to manifest in aquatic ecosystems. Information on the impacts of ILs on numerous aquatic organisms, focused primarily on acute LC50 and EC50 endpoints, is now available, and trends in toxicity are emerging. Cation structure tends to influence IL toxicity more so than anion structure, and within a cation class, the length of alkyl chain substituents is positively correlated with toxicity. While the effects of ILs on several aquatic organisms have been studied, the challenge for aquatic toxicology is now to predict the effects of ILs in complex natural environments that often include diverse mixtures of organisms, abiotic conditions, and additional stressors. To make robust predictions about ILs will require coupling of ecologically realistic laboratory and field experiments with standard toxicity bioassays and models. Such assessments would likely discourage the development of especially toxic ILs while shifting focus to those that are more environmentally benign. Understanding the broader ecological effects of emerging chemicals, incorporating that information into predictive models, and conveying the conclusions to those who develop, regulate, and use those chemicals, should help avoid future environmental degradation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bentham Science","doi":"10.2174/138527211795703685","usgsCitation":"Kulacki, K.J., Chaloner, D.T., Larson, J.H., Costello, D.M., Evans-White, M., Docherty, K.M., Bernot, R.J., Brueseke, M., Kulpa, C.F., and Lamberti, G.A., 2011, Proactive aquatic ecotoxicological assessment of room-temperature ionic liquids: Current Organic Chemistry, v. 15, no. 12, p. 1918-1927, https://doi.org/10.2174/138527211795703685.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1918","endPage":"1927","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c77e4b0c8380cd7e6e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kulacki, K. J.","contributorId":78595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kulacki","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chaloner, D. T.","contributorId":54388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chaloner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, James H. 0000-0002-6414-9758 jhlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-9758","contributorId":4250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"James","email":"jhlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Costello, D. M.","contributorId":80943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Costello","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans-White, M. A.","contributorId":38401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans-White","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Docherty, K. M.","contributorId":104745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Docherty","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bernot, R. J.","contributorId":18563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernot","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brueseke, M. A.","contributorId":50388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brueseke","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kulpa, C. F.","contributorId":77745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kulpa","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lamberti, G. A.","contributorId":44229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamberti","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70033981,"text":"70033981 - 2011 - Multi-channel analysis of surface waves MASW of models with high shear-wave velocity contrast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70033981","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3317,"text":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-channel analysis of surface waves MASW of models with high shear-wave velocity contrast","docAbstract":"We use the multi-channel analysis of surface waves MASW method to analyze synthetic seismic data calculated using models with high shear-wave velocity Vs contrast. The MASW dispersion-curve images of the Rayleigh wave are obtained using various sets of source-offset and spread-size configurations from the synthetic seismic data and compared with the theoretically calculated fundamental- and higher-mode dispersion-curves. Such tests showed that most of the dispersion-curve images are dominated by higher-mode energy at the low frequencies, especially when analyzing data from long receiver offsets and thus significantly divert from numerically expected dispersion-curve trends, which can lead to significant Vs overestimation. Further analysis showed that using data with relatively short spread lengths and source offsets can image the desired fundamental-mode of the Rayleigh wave that matches the numerically expected dispersion-curve pattern. As a result, it was concluded that it might be possible to avoid higher-mode contamination at low frequencies at sites with high Vs contrast by appropriate selection of spread size and seismic source offset. ?? 2011 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.3627461","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Ivanov, J., Miller, R., Peterie, S., Zeng, C., Xia, J., and Schwenk, T., 2011, Multi-channel analysis of surface waves MASW of models with high shear-wave velocity contrast: SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 30, no. 1, p. 1384-1390, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3627461.","startPage":"1384","endPage":"1390","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216535,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3627461"},{"id":244412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f8fe4b0c8380cd71017","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterie, S.","contributorId":67753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterie","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zeng, C.","contributorId":94519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schwenk, T.","contributorId":33949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwenk","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036410,"text":"70036410 - 2011 - Early in-flight detection of SO<sub>2</sub> via Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy: A feasible aviation safety measure to prevent potential encounters with volcanic plumes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T16:49:33","indexId":"70036410","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":927,"text":"Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early in-flight detection of SO<sub>2</sub> via Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy: A feasible aviation safety measure to prevent potential encounters with volcanic plumes","docAbstract":"<p>Volcanic ash constitutes a risk to aviation, mainly due to its ability to cause jet engines to fail. Other risks include the possibility of abrasion of windshields and potentially serious damage to avionic systems. These hazards have been widely recognized 5 since the early 1980s, when volcanic ash provoked several incidents of engine failure in commercial aircraft. In addition to volcanic ash, volcanic gases also pose a threat. Prolonged and/or cumulative exposure to sulphur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) or sulphuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) aerosols potentially affects e.g. windows, air frame and may cause permanent damage to engines. SO<sub>2</sub> receives most attention among the gas species commonly found in 10 volcanic plumes because its presence above the lower troposphere is a clear proxy for a volcanic cloud and indicates that fine ash could also be present. Up to now, remote sensing of SO<sub>2</sub> via Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) in the ultraviolet spectral region has been used to measure volcanic clouds from ground based, airborne and satellite platforms. Attention has been given to vol- 15 canic emission strength, chemistry inside volcanic clouds and measurement procedures were adapted accordingly. Here we present a set of experimental and model results, highlighting the feasibility of DOAS to be used as an airborne early detection system of SO<sub>2</sub> in two spatial dimensions. In order to prove our new concept, simultaneous airborne and ground-based measurements of the plume of Popocatepetl volcano, Mexico, were conducted in April 2010. The plume extended at an altitude around 5250 m above sea level and was approached and traversed at the same altitude with several forward looking DOAS systems aboard an airplane. These DOAS systems measured SO<sub>2</sub> in the flight direction and at &plusmn;40 mrad (2.3◦) angles relative to it in both, horizontal and vertical directions. The approaches started at up to 25 km distance to 25 the plume and SO<sub>2</sub> was measured at all times well above the detection limit. In combination with radiative transfer studies, this study indicates that an extended volcanic cloud with a concentration of 1012 molecules cm&minus;3 at typical flight levels of 10 km can be detected unambiguously at distances of up to 80 km away. This range provides enough time (approx. 5 min) for pilots to take action to avoid entering a volcanic cloud in the flight path, suggesting that this technique can be used as an effective aid to prevent dangerous aircraft encounters with potentially ash rich volcanic clouds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/amtd-4-2827-2011","issn":"18678610","usgsCitation":"Vogel, L., Galle, B., Kern, C., Delgado, G., Conde, V., Norman, P., Arellano, S., Landgren, O., Lubcke, P., Alvarez, N.J., Cardenas, G.L., and Platt, U., 2011, Early in-flight detection of SO<sub>2</sub> via Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy: A feasible aviation safety measure to prevent potential encounters with volcanic plumes: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions, v. 4, no. 3, p. 2827-2881, https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-2827-2011.","productDescription":"55 p.","startPage":"2827","endPage":"2881","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475298,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-2827-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218204,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-2827-2011"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Popocatepetl volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99,\n              20\n            ],\n            [\n              -99,\n              19\n            ],\n            [\n              -98,\n              19\n            ],\n            [\n              -98,\n              20\n            ],\n            [\n              -99,\n              20\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0488e4b0c8380cd50a3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogel, L.","contributorId":99810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galle, B.","contributorId":15872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galle","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kern, C.","contributorId":6299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delgado, Granados H.","contributorId":7948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delgado","given":"Granados H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conde, V.","contributorId":12724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conde","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Norman, P.","contributorId":86609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arellano, S.","contributorId":9899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arellano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Landgren, O.","contributorId":48422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landgren","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lubcke, P.","contributorId":71425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubcke","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Alvarez, Nieves J.M.","contributorId":88588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Nieves","email":"","middleInitial":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cardenas, Gonzales L.","contributorId":72632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardenas","given":"Gonzales","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Platt, U.","contributorId":74613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platt","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
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