{"pageNumber":"775","pageRowStart":"19350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46700,"records":[{"id":70199992,"text":"70199992 - 2009 - A comparison of phase inversion and traveltime tomography for processing near-surface refraction traveltimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T10:03:10","indexId":"70199992","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T09:36:23","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1802,"text":"Geophysical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of phase inversion and traveltime tomography for processing near-surface refraction traveltimes","docAbstract":"<p><span>With phase inversion, one can estimate subsurface velocities using the phases of first-arriving waves, which are the frequency-domain equivalents of the traveltimes. Phase inversion is modified to make it suitable for processing traveltimes from near-surface refraction surveys. The modifications include parameterizing the model, correcting the observed phases, and selecting the complex frequency. This modified phase inversion is compared to traveltime tomography. For two comparisons using computer-simulated traveltimes, the difference between the estimated and correct models, the residual mean, and the residual standard deviation are smaller for the phase inversion than they are for the traveltime tomography. For a comparison using field data from an S-wave refraction survey, both methods estimate models that are consistent with the known geology. Nonetheless, the phase-inversion model includes small-scale features in the bedrock that are geologically plausible; the residual mean and the residual standard deviation are smaller for the phase inversion than they are for the traveltime tomography.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1190/1.3196857","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K.J., 2009, A comparison of phase inversion and traveltime tomography for processing near-surface refraction traveltimes: Geophysical Journal, v. 74, no. 6, p. WCB11-WCB24, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3196857.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"WCB11","endPage":"WCB24","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cd72e4b034bf6a7f8b61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":747656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70199989,"text":"70199989 - 2009 - An ecological risk assessment of the exposure and effects of 2,4-D acid to rainbow trout (<I>Oncorhyncus mykiss</I>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:09:26","indexId":"70199989","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T09:06:17","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An ecological risk assessment of the exposure and effects of 2,4-D acid to rainbow trout (<I>Oncorhyncus mykiss</I>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Numerous state and federal agencies are increasingly concerned with the rapid expansion of invasive, noxious weeds across the United States. Herbicides are frequently applied as weed control measures in forest and rangeland ecosystems that frequently overlap with critical habitats of threatened and endangered fish species. However, there is little published chronic toxicity data for herbicides and fish that can be used to assess ecological risk of herbicides in aquatic environments. We conducted 96-h flowthrough acute and 30-day chronic toxicity studies with swim-up larvae and juvenile rainbow trout (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Onchorhyncus mykiss</i><span>) exposed to the free acid form of 2,4-D. Juvenile rainbow trout were acutely sensitive to 2,4-D acid equivalent at 494&nbsp;mg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 334–668&nbsp;mg/L; 96-h ALC</span><sub>50</sub><span>). Accelerated life-testing procedures, used to estimate chronic mortality from acute data, predicted that a 30-day exposure of juvenile rainbow trout to 2,4-D would result in 1% and 10% mortality at 260 and 343&nbsp;mg/L, respectively. Swim-up larvae were chronically more sensitive than juveniles using growth as the measurement end point. The 30-day lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) of 2,4-D on growth of swim-up larvae was 108&nbsp;mg/L, whereas the 30-day no observable effect concentration (NOEC) was 54&nbsp;mg/L. The 30-day maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) of 2,4-D for rainbow trout, determined as the geometric mean of the NOEC and the LOEC, was 76&nbsp;mg/L. The acute:chronic ratio was 6.5 (i.e., 494/76). We observed no chronic effects on growth of juvenile rainbow trout at the highest concentration tested (108&nbsp;mg/L). Worst-case aquatic exposures to 2,4-D (4&nbsp;mg/L) occur when the herbicide is directly applied to aquatic ecosystems for aquatic weed control and resulted in a 30-day safety factor of 19 based on the MATC for growth (i.e., 76/4). Highest nontarget aquatic exposures to 2,4-D applied following terrestrial use is calculated at 0.136&nbsp;mg/L and resulted in a 30-day safety factor of 559 (e.g., 76/0.163). Assessment of the exposure and response data presented herein indicates that use of 2,4-D acid for invasive weed control in aquatic and terrestrial habitats poses no substantial risk to growth or survival of rainbow trout or other salmonids, including the threatened bull trout (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Salvelinus confluentus</i><span>).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-008-9281-8","usgsCitation":"Fairchild, J., Feltz, K.P., Allert, A., Sappington, L., Nelson, K., and Valle, J., 2009, An ecological risk assessment of the exposure and effects of 2,4-D acid to rainbow trout (<I>Oncorhyncus mykiss</I>): Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 56, no. 4, p. 754-760, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9281-8.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"754","endPage":"760","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cd72e4b034bf6a7f8b65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fairchild, James jfairchild@usgs.gov","contributorId":179147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"James","email":"jfairchild@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":747645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feltz, Kevin P. kfeltz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feltz","given":"Kevin","email":"kfeltz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allert, Ann 0000-0001-7063-8016 aallert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7063-8016","contributorId":178200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allert","given":"Ann","email":"aallert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sappington, L.C.","contributorId":76907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sappington","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, K.J.","contributorId":36957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Valle, J.A.","contributorId":91327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valle","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034920,"text":"70034920 - 2009 - Landscape features, standards, and semantics in U.S. national topographic mapping databases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-02T14:47:15","indexId":"70034920","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Landscape features, standards, and semantics in U.S. national topographic mapping databases","docAbstract":"<p>The objective of this paper is to examine the contrast between local, field-surveyed topographical representation and feature representation in digital, centralized databases and to clarify their ontological implications. The semantics of these two approaches are contrasted by examining the categorization of features by subject domains inherent to national topographic mapping. When comparing five USGS topographic mapping domain and feature lists, results indicate that multiple semantic meanings and ontology rules were applied to the initial digital database, but were lost as databases became more centralized at national scales, and common semantics were replaced by technological terms.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems and Web Services, GEOWS 2009","conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems and Web Services, GEOWS 2009","conferenceDate":"2009-02-01T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Cancun, Mexico","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1109/GEOWS.2009.29","isbn":"9780769535272","usgsCitation":"Varanka, D., 2009, Landscape features, standards, and semantics in U.S. national topographic mapping databases, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1109/GEOWS.2009.29.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215765,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GEOWS.2009.29"},{"id":243589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4410e4b0c8380cd66815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varanka, Dalia","contributorId":99654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varanka","given":"Dalia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035824,"text":"70035824 - 2009 - Spectral distance decay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-09T15:25:14.763781","indexId":"70035824","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral distance decay","docAbstract":"<p><i>Remotely sensed data represents key information for character-izing and estimating biodiversity. Spectral distance among sites has proven to be a powerful approach for detecting species composition variability. Regression analysis of species similarity versus spectral distance may allow us to quantitatively estimate how beta-diversity in species changes with respect to spectral and ecological variability. In classical regression analysis, the residual sum of squares is minimized for the mean of the dependent variable distribution. However, many ecological datasets are characterized by a high number of zeroes that can add noise to the regression model. Quantile regression can be used to evaluate trend in the upper quantiles rather than a mean trend across the whole distribution of the dependent variable. In this paper, we used ordinary least square (OLS) and quantile regression to estimate the decay of species similarity versus spectral distance. The achieved decay rates were statistically nonzero (p &lt; 0.05) considering both OLS and quantile regression. Nonetheless, OLS regression estimate of mean decay rate was only half the decay rate indicated by the upper quantiles. Moreover, the intercept value, representing the similarity reached when spectral distance approaches zero, was very low compared with the intercepts of upper quantiles, which detected high species similarity when habitats are more similar. In this paper we demonstrated the power of using quantile regressions applied to spectral distance decay in order to reveal species diversity patterns otherwise lost or underestimated by ordinary least square regression.</i></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/pers.75.10.1225","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Rocchinl, D., Nagendra, H., Ghate, R., and Cade, B., 2009, Spectral distance decay: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 75, no. 10, p. 1225-1230, https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.75.10.1225.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1225","endPage":"1230","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.75.10.1225","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b953ce4b08c986b31ae01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocchinl, D.","contributorId":40825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocchinl","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagendra, H.","contributorId":69809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagendra","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ghate, R.","contributorId":12289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghate","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032310,"text":"70032310 - 2009 - The use of local indicators of spatial association to improve LiDAR-derived predictions of potential amphibian breeding ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70032310","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2305,"text":"Journal of Geographical Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of local indicators of spatial association to improve LiDAR-derived predictions of potential amphibian breeding ponds","docAbstract":"We examined whether spatially explicit information improved models that use LiDAR return signal intensity to discriminate in-pond habitat from terrestrial habitat at 24 amphibian breeding ponds. The addition of Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to LiDAR return intensity data significantly improved predictive models at all ponds, reduced residual error by as much as 74%, and appeared to improve models by reducing classification errors associated with types of in-pond vegetation. We conclude that LISA statistics can help maximize the information content that can be extracted from time resolved LiDAR return data in models that predict the occurrence of small, seasonal ponds. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geographical Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10109-008-0074-4","issn":"14355","usgsCitation":"Julian, J., Young, J., Jones, J.W., Snyder, C., and Wright, C.W., 2009, The use of local indicators of spatial association to improve LiDAR-derived predictions of potential amphibian breeding ponds: Journal of Geographical Systems, v. 11, no. 1, p. 89-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-008-0074-4.","startPage":"89","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214636,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10109-008-0074-4"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb18be4b08c986b32532d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Julian, J.T.","contributorId":106686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, J.A. 0000-0002-4500-3673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":37674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, J. W.","contributorId":89233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, C.D.","contributorId":73540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032308,"text":"70032308 - 2009 - Short- and long-term response of deteriorating brackish marshes and open-water ponds to sediment enhancement by thin-layer dredge disposal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70032308","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short- and long-term response of deteriorating brackish marshes and open-water ponds to sediment enhancement by thin-layer dredge disposal","docAbstract":"Artificial sediment enhancement using a thin layer of dredged material has been suggested as a means to increase elevation and create soil conditions conducive to increased marsh structure and function in deteriorating marshes. Using a chronosequence approach, we examined the effects of sediment enhancement in deteriorating marsh and open-water pond habitats located in six brackish marshes. Sediment enhancement of both marsh and interior pond sites had significant, immediate, and long-lasting effects on physical soil properties and nutrient status with increased bulk density and inorganic nitrogen. Vegetative cover and productivity response were minimal for deteriorating vegetated marshes with the short-term response data showing no significant impact of sediment enhancement and long-term trends indicating decreasing productivity over time. In contrast, trajectory models of vegetative cover and productivity in interior pond sites showed increases over time indicating that, for restoration of interior ponds, sediment enhancement may prove valuable. The use of trajectory models emphasizes the need for long-term monitoring to determine restoration success of projects. ?? 2008 U.S. Government.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12237-008-9126-8","issn":"15592","usgsCitation":"La Peyre, M., Gossman, B., and Piazza, B.P., 2009, Short- and long-term response of deteriorating brackish marshes and open-water ponds to sediment enhancement by thin-layer dredge disposal: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 32, no. 2, p. 390-402, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9126-8.","startPage":"390","endPage":"402","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214634,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9126-8"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ea8e4b08c986b318a7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Peyre, M.K. 0000-0001-9936-2252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":102239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gossman, B.","contributorId":47163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gossman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piazza, Bryan P.","contributorId":11022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piazza","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033998,"text":"70033998 - 2009 - Web-based decision support and visualization tools for water quality management in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70033998","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Web-based decision support and visualization tools for water quality management in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","docAbstract":"Federal, State, and local water quality managers charged with restoring the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem require tools to maximize the impact of their limited resources. To address this need, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Environmental Protection Agency's Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) are developing a suite of Web-based tools called the Chesapeake Online Assessment Support Toolkit (COAST). The goal of COAST is to help CBP partners identify geographic areas where restoration activities would have the greatest effect, select the appropriate management strategies, and improve coordination and prioritization among partners. As part of the COAST suite of tools focused on environmental restoration, a water quality management visualization component called the Nutrient Yields Mapper (NYM) tool is being developed by USGS. The NYM tool is a web application that uses watershed yield estimates from USGS SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed (SPARROW) attributes model (Schwarz et al., 2006) [6] to allow water quality managers to identify important sources of nitrogen and phosphorous within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The NYM tool utilizes new open source technologies that have become popular in geospatial web development, including components such as OpenLayers and GeoServer. This paper presents examples of water quality data analysis based on nutrient type, source, yield, and area of interest using the NYM tool for the Chesapeake Bay watershed. In addition, we describe examples of map-based techniques for identifying high and low nutrient yield areas; web map engines; and data visualization and data management techniques.","largerWorkTitle":"2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2009","conferenceTitle":"2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2009","conferenceDate":"12 August 2009 through 14 August 2009","conferenceLocation":"Fairfax, VA","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2009.5293397","isbn":"9781424445639","usgsCitation":"Mullinix, C., Hearn, P., Zhang, H., and Aguinaldo, J., 2009, Web-based decision support and visualization tools for water quality management in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, <i>in</i> 2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2009, Fairfax, VA, 12 August 2009 through 14 August 2009, https://doi.org/10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2009.5293397.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216809,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2009.5293397"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfc4e4b08c986b32eac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullinix, C.","contributorId":71419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullinix","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hearn, P.","contributorId":73852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, H.","contributorId":50311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aguinaldo, J.","contributorId":24197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aguinaldo","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036679,"text":"70036679 - 2009 - EMAG2: A 2-arc min resolution Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid compiled from satellite, airborne, and marine magnetic measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-03T13:41:36.699463","indexId":"70036679","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"EMAG2: A 2-arc min resolution Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid compiled from satellite, airborne, and marine magnetic measurements","docAbstract":"A global Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (EMAG2) has been compiled from satellite, ship, and airborne magnetic measurements. EMAG2 is a significant update of our previous candidate grid for the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map. The resolution has been improved from 3 arc min to 2 arc min, and the altitude has been reduced from 5 km to 4 km above the geoid. Additional grid and track line data have been included, both over land and the oceans. Wherever available, the original shipborne and airborne data were used instead of precompiled oceanic magnetic grids. Interpolation between sparse track lines in the oceans was improved by directional gridding and extrapolation, based on an oceanic crustal age model. The longest wavelengths (>330 km) were replaced with the latest CHAMP satellite magnetic field model MF6. EMAG2 is available at http://geomag.org/models/EMAG2 and for permanent archive at http://earthref.org/ cgi-bin/er.cgi?s=erda.cgi?n=970. ?? 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009GC002471","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Maus, S., Barckhausen, U., Berkenbosch, H., Bournas, N., Brozena, J., Childers, V., Dostaler, F., Fairhead, J., Finn, C.A., von Frese, R.R., Gaina, C., Golynsky, S., Kucks, R., Lu, H., Milligan, P., Mogren, S., Muller, R., Olesen, O., Pilkington, M., Saltus, R., Schreckenberger, B., Thebault, E., and Tontini, F., 2009, EMAG2: A 2-arc min resolution Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid compiled from satellite, airborne, and marine magnetic measurements: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 10, no. 8, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002471.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487195,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-03604897","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245667,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a045ee4b0c8380cd50941","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maus, S.","contributorId":104315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maus","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barckhausen, U.","contributorId":13841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barckhausen","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berkenbosch, H.","contributorId":68141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkenbosch","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bournas, N.","contributorId":19008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bournas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brozena, J.","contributorId":67714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brozena","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Childers, V.","contributorId":80125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dostaler, F.","contributorId":68569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dostaler","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fairhead, J.D.","contributorId":102714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairhead","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"von Frese, Ralph R. B.","contributorId":33953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Frese","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Gaina, C.","contributorId":71389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaina","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Golynsky, S.","contributorId":96522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golynsky","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kucks, R.","contributorId":23246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lu, Hai","contributorId":38821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Hai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Milligan, P.","contributorId":42466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milligan","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Mogren, S.","contributorId":47619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mogren","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Muller, R.D.","contributorId":54828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Olesen, O.","contributorId":84194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olesen","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Pilkington, M.","contributorId":105476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilkington","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Saltus, R.","contributorId":107040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Schreckenberger, B.","contributorId":15867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreckenberger","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Thebault, E.","contributorId":103502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thebault","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Tontini, F.C.","contributorId":62058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tontini","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}}
,{"id":70035966,"text":"70035966 - 2009 - Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM). I: Model intercomparison with current land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035966","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM). I: Model intercomparison with current land use","docAbstract":"This paper introduces the project on 'Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM)' that aims at investigating the envelope of predictions on changes in hydrological fluxes due to land use change. As part of a series of four papers, this paper outlines the motivation and setup of LUCHEM, and presents a model intercomparison for the present-day simulation results. Such an intercomparison provides a valuable basis to investigate the effects of different model structures on model predictions and paves the ground for the analysis of the performance of multi-model ensembles and the reliability of the scenario predictions in companion papers. In this study, we applied a set of 10 lumped, semi-lumped and fully distributed hydrological models that have been previously used in land use change studies to the low mountainous Dill catchment, Germany. Substantial differences in model performance were observed with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies ranging from 0.53 to 0.92. Differences in model performance were attributed to (1) model input data, (2) model calibration and (3) the physical basis of the models. The models were applied with two sets of input data: an original and a homogenized data set. This homogenization of precipitation, temperature and leaf area index was performed to reduce the variation between the models. Homogenization improved the comparability of model simulations and resulted in a reduced average bias, although some variation in model data input remained. The effect of the physical differences between models on the long-term water balance was mainly attributed to differences in how models represent evapotranspiration. Semi-lumped and lumped conceptual models slightly outperformed the fully distributed and physically based models. This was attributed to the automatic model calibration typically used for this type of models. Overall, however, we conclude that there was no superior model if several measures of model performance are considered and that all models are suitable to participate in further multi-model ensemble set-ups and land use change scenario investigations. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.10.003","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Breuer, L., Huisman, J.A., Willems, P., Bormann, H., Bronstert, A., Croke, B., Frede, H., Graff, T., Hubrechts, L., Jakeman, A., Kite, G., Lanini, J., Leavesley, G., Lettenmaier, D., Lindstrom, G., Seibert, J., Sivapalan, M., and Viney, N., 2009, Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM). I: Model intercomparison with current land use: Advances in Water Resources, v. 32, no. 2, p. 129-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.10.003.","startPage":"129","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216062,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.10.003"},{"id":243903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edebe4b0c8380cd49adb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breuer, L.","contributorId":54814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breuer","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huisman, J. A.","contributorId":86591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huisman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willems, P.","contributorId":57685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willems","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bormann, H.","contributorId":66091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bormann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bronstert, A.","contributorId":98565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronstert","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Croke, B.F.W.","contributorId":52809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croke","given":"B.F.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Frede, H.-G.","contributorId":23783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frede","given":"H.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Graff, T.","contributorId":15803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graff","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hubrechts, L.","contributorId":54815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubrechts","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jakeman, A.J.","contributorId":12639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakeman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kite, G.","contributorId":11443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kite","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lanini, J.","contributorId":89745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanini","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Leavesley, G.","contributorId":90483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lettenmaier, D.P.","contributorId":61175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lindstrom, G.","contributorId":27292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindstrom","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Seibert, J.","contributorId":37513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seibert","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sivapalan, M.","contributorId":59587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sivapalan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Viney, N.R.","contributorId":11850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viney","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70033921,"text":"70033921 - 2009 - Surface complexation modeling of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediments from a former mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033921","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface complexation modeling of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediments from a former mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado","docAbstract":"A study of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediment samples from a former uranium mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado, was conducted under oxic conditions as a function of pH, U(VI), Ca, and dissolved carbonate concentration. Batch adsorption experiments were performed using &lt;2mm size sediment fractions, a sand-sized fraction, and artificial groundwater solutions prepared to simulate the field groundwater composition. To encompass the geochemical conditions of the alluvial aquifer at the site, the experimental conditions ranged from 6.8 ?? 10<sup>-8</sup> to 10<sup>-5</sup> M in [U(VI)]tot, 7.2 to 8.0 in pH, 3.0 ?? 10<sup>-3</sup> to 6.0 ?? 10 <sup>-3</sup> M in [Ca<sup>2+</sup>], and 0.05 to 2.6% in partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Surface area normalized U(VI) adsorption Kd values for the sand and &lt;2 mm sediment fraction were similar, suggesting a similar reactive surface coating on both fractions. A two-site two-reaction, nonelectrostatic generalized composite surface complexation model was developed and successfully simulated the U(VI) adsorption data. The model successfully predicted U(VI) adsorption observed from a multilevel sampling well installed at the site. A comparison of the model with the one developed previously for a uranium mill tailings site at Naturita, Colorado, indicated that possible calcite nonequilibrium of dissolved calcium concentration should be evaluated. The modeling results also illustrate the importance of the range of data used in deriving the best fit model parameters. ?? 2009 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es902164n","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Hyun, S., Fox, P., Davis, J., Campbell, K., Hayes, K., and Long, P., 2009, Surface complexation modeling of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediments from a former mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 24, p. 9368-9373, https://doi.org/10.1021/es902164n.","startPage":"9368","endPage":"9373","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214186,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902164n"},{"id":241880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f9ce4b08c986b31e6f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyun, S.P.","contributorId":88164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyun","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, P.M.","contributorId":47949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, K.M.","contributorId":42438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hayes, K.F.","contributorId":103089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Long, P.E.","contributorId":37514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035932,"text":"70035932 - 2009 - Nicotine, acetanilide and urea multi-level<sup>2</sup>H-,<sup>13</sup>C- and<sup>15</sup>N-abundance reference materials for continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035932","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nicotine, acetanilide and urea multi-level<sup>2</sup>H-,<sup>13</sup>C- and<sup>15</sup>N-abundance reference materials for continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"Accurate determinations of stable isotope ratios require a calibration using at least two reference materials with different isotopic compositions to anchor the isotopic scale and compensate for differences in machine slope. Ideally, the S values of these reference materials should bracket the isotopic range of samples with unknown S values. While the practice of analyzing two isotopically distinct reference materials is common for water (VSMOW-SLAP) and carbonates (NBS 19 and L-SVEC), the lack of widely available organic reference materials with distinct isotopic composition has hindered the practice when analyzing organic materials by elemental analysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS). At present only L-glutamic acids USGS40 and USGS41 satisfy these requirements for ??<sup>13</sup>C and ??<sup>13</sup>N, with the limitation that L-glutamic acid is not suitable for analysis by gas chromatography (GC). We describe the development and quality testing of (i) four nicotine laboratory reference materials for on-line (i.e. continuous flow) hydrogen reductive gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass-spectrometry (GC-IRMS), (ii) five nicotines for oxidative C, N gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass-spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS, or GC-IRMS), and (iii) also three acetanilide and three urea reference materials for on-line oxidative EA-IRMS for C and N. Isotopic off-line calibration against international stable isotope measurement standards at Indiana University adhered to the 'principle of identical treatment'. The new reference materials cover the following isotopic ranges: ??<sup>2</sup>H<sub>nicotine</sub> -162 to -45%o, ??<sup>13</sup>C<sub>nicotine</sub> -30.05 to +7.72%, ?? <sup>15</sup>N<sub>nicotine</sub> -6.03 to +33.62%; ??<sup>15</sup>N <sub>acetanilide</sub> +1-18 to +40.57%; ??<sup>13</sup>C<sub>urea</sub> -34.13 to +11.71%, ??<sup>15</sup>N<sub>urea</sub> +0.26 to +40.61% (recommended ?? values refer to calibration with NBS 19, L-SVEC, IAEA-N-1, and IAEA-N-2). Nicotines fill a gap as the first organic nitrogen stable isotope reference materials for GC-IRMS that are available with different ??<sup>13</sup>N values. Comparative ??<sup>13</sup>C and ??<sup>15</sup>N on-line EA-IRMS data from 14 volunteering laboratories document the usefulness and reliability of acetanilides and ureas as EA-IRMS reference materials.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rcm.4277","issn":"09514198","usgsCitation":"Schimmelmann, A., Albertino, A., Sauer, P., Qi, H., Molinie, R., and Mesnard, F., 2009, Nicotine, acetanilide and urea multi-level<sup>2</sup>H-,<sup>13</sup>C- and<sup>15</sup>N-abundance reference materials for continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 23, no. 22, p. 3513-3521, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4277.","startPage":"3513","endPage":"3521","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216474,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4277"},{"id":244345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6652e4b0c8380cd72d73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albertino, A.","contributorId":43597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albertino","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, P.E.","contributorId":76335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Qi, H.","contributorId":107910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Molinie, R.","contributorId":105557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molinie","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mesnard, F.","contributorId":30480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesnard","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035917,"text":"70035917 - 2009 - Classification of CO<sub>2</sub> Geologic Storage: Resource and Capacity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035917","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Classification of CO<sub>2</sub> Geologic Storage: Resource and Capacity","docAbstract":"The use of the term capacity to describe possible geologic storage implies a realistic or likely volume of CO<sub>2</sub> to be sequestered. Poor data quantity and quality may lead to very high uncertainty in the storage estimate. Use of the term \"storage resource\" alleviates the implied certainty of the term \"storage capacity\". This is especially important to non- scientists (e.g. policy makers) because \"capacity\" is commonly used to describe the very specific and more certain quantities such as volume of a gas tank or a hotel's overnight guest limit. Resource is a term used in the classification of oil and gas accumulations to infer lesser certainty in the commercial production of oil and gas. Likewise for CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration, a suspected porous and permeable zone can be classified as a resource, but capacity can only be estimated after a well is drilled into the formation and a relatively higher degree of economic and regulatory certainty is established. Storage capacity estimates are lower risk or higher certainty compared to storage resource estimates. In the oil and gas industry, prospective resource and contingent resource are used for estimates with less data and certainty. Oil and gas reserves are classified as Proved and Unproved, and by analogy, capacity can be classified similarly. The highest degree of certainty for an oil or gas accumulation is Proved, Developed Producing (PDP) Reserves. For CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration this could be Proved Developed Injecting (PDI) Capacity. A geologic sequestration storage classification system is developed by analogy to that used by the oil and gas industry. When a CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration industry emerges, storage resource and capacity estimates will be considered a company asset and consequently regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Additionally, storage accounting and auditing protocols will be required to confirm projected storage estimates and assignment of credits from actual injection. An example illustrates the use of these terms and how storage classification changes as new data become available. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Energy Procedia","conferenceTitle":"9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-9","conferenceDate":"16 November 2008 through 20 November 2008","conferenceLocation":"Washington DC","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.029","issn":"18766102","usgsCitation":"Frailey, S., and Finley, R., 2009, Classification of CO<sub>2</sub> Geologic Storage: Resource and Capacity, <i>in</i> Energy Procedia, v. 1, no. 1, Washington DC, 16 November 2008 through 20 November 2008, p. 2623-2630, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.029.","startPage":"2623","endPage":"2630","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476170,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216203,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.029"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f618e4b0c8380cd4c5b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frailey, S.M.","contributorId":93263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frailey","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finley, R.J.","contributorId":70984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035736,"text":"70035736 - 2009 - Delineation of Magnesium-rich Ultramafic Rocks Available for Mineral Carbon Sequestration in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035736","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Delineation of Magnesium-rich Ultramafic Rocks Available for Mineral Carbon Sequestration in the United States","docAbstract":"The 2005 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage suggested that a major gap in mineral carbon sequestration is locating the magnesium-silicate bedrock available to sequester CO2. It is generally known that silicate minerals with high concentrations of magnesium are suitable for mineral carbonation. However, no assessment has been made covering the entire United States detailing their geographical distribution and extent, or evaluating their potential for use in mineral carbonation. Researchers at Columbia University and the U.S. Geological Survey have developed a digital geologic database of ultramafic rocks in the continental United States. Data were compiled from varied-scale geologic maps of magnesium-silicate ultramafic rocks. These rock types are potentially suitable as source material for mineral carbon-dioxide sequestration. The focus of the national-scale map is entirely on suitable ultramafic rock types, which typically consist primarily of olivine and serpentine minerals. By combining the map with digital datasets that show non-mineable lands (such as urban areas and National Parks), estimates on potential depth of a surface mine, and the predicted reactivities of the mineral deposits, one can begin to estimate the capacity for CO2 mineral sequestration within the United States. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Energy Procedia","conferenceTitle":"9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-9","conferenceDate":"16 November 2008 through 20 November 2008","conferenceLocation":"Washington DC","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.322","issn":"18766102","usgsCitation":"Krevor, S., Graves, C.R., Van Gosen, B.S., and McCafferty, A.E., 2009, Delineation of Magnesium-rich Ultramafic Rocks Available for Mineral Carbon Sequestration in the United States, <i>in</i> Energy Procedia, v. 1, no. 1, Washington DC, 16 November 2008 through 20 November 2008, p. 4915-4920, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.322.","startPage":"4915","endPage":"4920","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487813,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.322","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216347,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.322"},{"id":244211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe65e4b0c8380cd4ecfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krevor, S. C.","contributorId":107389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krevor","given":"S. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graves, C. R.","contributorId":72482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Gosen, B. S. 0000-0003-4214-3811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":97907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"B.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCafferty, A. E.","contributorId":93499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035739,"text":"70035739 - 2009 - Delayed conifer mortality after fuel reduction treatments: Interactive effects of fuel, fire intensity, and bark beetles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T10:12:55","indexId":"70035739","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delayed conifer mortality after fuel reduction treatments: Interactive effects of fuel, fire intensity, and bark beetles","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many low‐elevation dry forests of the western United States contain more small trees and fewer large trees, more down woody debris, and less diverse and vigorous understory plant communities compared to conditions under historical fire regimes. These altered structural conditions may contribute to increased probability of unnaturally severe wildfires, susceptibility to uncharacteristic insect outbreaks, and drought‐related mortality. Broad‐scale fuel reduction and restoration treatments are proposed to promote stand development on trajectories toward more sustainable structures. Little research to date, however, has quantified the effects of these treatments on the ecosystem, especially delayed and latent tree mortality resulting directly or indirectly from treatments. In this paper, we explore complex hypotheses relating to the cascade of effects that influence ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) mortality using structural equation modeling (SEM). We used annual census and plot data through six growing seasons after thinning and four growing seasons after burning from a replicated, operational‐scale, completely randomized experiment conducted in northeastern Oregon, USA, as part of the national Fire and Fire Surrogate study. Treatments included thin, burn, thin followed by burn (thin + burn), and control. Burn and thin + burn treatments increased the proportion of dead trees while the proportion of dead trees declined or remained constant in thin and control units, although the density of dead trees was essentially unchanged with treatment. Most of the new mortality (96%) occurred within two years of treatment and was attributed to bark beetles. Bark beetle‐caused tree mortality, while low overall, was greatest in thin + burn treatments. SEM results indicate that the probability of mortality of large‐diameter ponderosa pine from bark beetles and wood borers was directly related to surface fire severity and bole charring, which in turn depended on fire intensity, which was greater in units where thinning increased large woody fuels. These results have implications when deciding among management options for restoring ecosystem health in similar ponderosa pine and Douglas‐fir forests.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/07-1751.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Youngblood, A., Grace, J., and Mciver, J., 2009, Delayed conifer mortality after fuel reduction treatments: Interactive effects of fuel, fire intensity, and bark beetles: Ecological Applications, v. 19, no. 2, p. 321-337, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1751.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487807,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1751.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216376,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-1751.1"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe5de4b0c8380cd4ecd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Youngblood, A.","contributorId":66085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Youngblood","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mciver, J.D.","contributorId":71665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mciver","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035745,"text":"70035745 - 2009 - A less field-intensive robust design for estimating demographic parameters with Mark-resight data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035745","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A less field-intensive robust design for estimating demographic parameters with Mark-resight data","docAbstract":"The robust design has become popular among animal ecologists as a means for estimating population abundance and related demographic parameters with mark-recapture data. However, two drawbacks of traditional mark-recapture are financial cost and repeated disturbance to animals. Mark-resight methodology may in many circumstances be a less expensive and less invasive alternative to mark-recapture, but the models developed to date for these data have overwhelmingly concentrated only on the estimation of abundance. Here we introduce a mark-resight model analogous to that used in mark-recapture for the simultaneous estimation of abundance, apparent survival, and transition probabilities between observable and unobservable states. The model may be implemented using standard statistical computing software, but it has also been incorporated into the freeware package Program MARK. We illustrate the use of our model with mainland New Zealand Robin (Petroica australis) data collected to ascertain whether this methodology may be a reliable alternative for monitoring endangered populations of a closely related species inhabiting the Chatham Islands. We found this method to be a viable alternative to traditional mark-recapture when cost or disturbance to species is of particular concern in long-term population monitoring programs. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-0973.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"McClintock, B., and White, G.C., 2009, A less field-intensive robust design for estimating demographic parameters with Mark-resight data: Ecology, v. 90, no. 2, p. 313-320, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0973.1.","startPage":"313","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476331,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0973.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216461,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-0973.1"},{"id":244332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e436e4b0c8380cd464e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClintock, B.T.","contributorId":29108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClintock","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036665,"text":"70036665 - 2009 - A survey of the occurrence of Bacillus anthracis in North American soils over two long-range transects and within post-Katrina New Orleans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70036665","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A survey of the occurrence of Bacillus anthracis in North American soils over two long-range transects and within post-Katrina New Orleans","docAbstract":"Soil samples were collected along a north-south transect extending from Manitoba, Canada, to the US-Mexico border near El Paso, Texas in 2004 (104 samples), a group of sites within New Orleans, Louisiana following Hurricane Katrina in 2005 (19 samples), and a Gulf Coast transect extending from Sulphur, Louisiana, to DeFuniak Springs, Florida, in 2007 (38 samples). Samples were collected from the top 40 cm of soil and were screened for the presence of total Bacillus species and Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), specifically using multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using an assay with a sensitivity of ???170 equivalent colony-forming units (CFU) g<sup>-1</sup> field moist soil, the prevalence rate of Bacillus sp./B. anthracis in the north-south transect and the 2005 New Orleans post-Katrina sample set were 20/5% and 26/26%, respectively. Prevalence in the 2007 Gulf Coast sample set using an assay with a sensitivity of ???4 CFU g<sup>-1</sup> of soil was 63/0%. Individual transect-set data indicate a positive relation between occurrences of species and soil moisture or soil constituents (i.e., Zn and Cu content). The 2005 New Orleans post-Katrina data indicated that B. anthracis is readily detectable in Gulf Coast soils following flood events. The data also indicated that occurrence, as it relates to soil chemistry, may be confounded by flood-induced dissemination of germinated cells and the mixing of soil constituents for short temporal periods following an event.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.016","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D., Petrosky, T., Morman, S., and Luna, V., 2009, A survey of the occurrence of Bacillus anthracis in North American soils over two long-range transects and within post-Katrina New Orleans: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1464-1471, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.016.","startPage":"1464","endPage":"1471","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217504,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.016"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5e1e4b0c8380cd46ff6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W.","contributorId":23668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petrosky, T.","contributorId":101913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrosky","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morman, S.A.","contributorId":74982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luna, V.A.","contributorId":63655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luna","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036627,"text":"70036627 - 2009 - Major earthquakes recorded by Speleothems in Midwestern U.S. caves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036627","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major earthquakes recorded by Speleothems in Midwestern U.S. caves","docAbstract":"Historic earthquakes generated by the New Madrid seismic zone represent some of the largest recorded in the United States, yet prehistoric events are recognized only through deformation in late-Wisconsin to Holocene-age, near surface sediments (liquefaction, monoclinal folding, and changes in river meanders). In this article, we show that speleothems in caves of southwestern Illinois and southeastern Missouri may constitute a previously unrecognized recorder of large earthquakes in the U.S. midcontinent region. The timing of the initiation and regrowth of stalagmites in southwestern Illinois and southeastern Missouri caves is consistent with the historic and prehistoric record of several known seismic events in the U.S. midcontinent region. We conclude that dating the initiation of original stalagmite growth and later postearthquake rejuvenation constitutes a new paleoseismic method that has the potential for being applied to any region around the world in the vicinity of major seismic zones where caves exist. Use of this technique could expand the geographical distribution of paleoseimic data, document prehistoric earthquakes, and help improve interpretations of paleoearthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080261","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Panno, S., Lundstrom, C., Hackley, K.C., Curry, B.B., Fouke, B., and Zhang, Z., 2009, Major earthquakes recorded by Speleothems in Midwestern U.S. caves: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 4, p. 2147-2154, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080261.","startPage":"2147","endPage":"2154","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217815,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080261"},{"id":245787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c0de4b0c8380cd6998e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lundstrom, C.C.","contributorId":72997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstrom","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hackley, Keith C.","contributorId":12166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curry, B. Brandon","contributorId":104224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brandon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fouke, B.W.","contributorId":53137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fouke","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhang, Z.","contributorId":47505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036625,"text":"70036625 - 2009 - TreeMAC: Localized TDMA MAC protocol for real-time high-data-rate sensor networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036625","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"TreeMAC: Localized TDMA MAC protocol for real-time high-data-rate sensor networks","docAbstract":"Earlier sensor network MAC protocols focus on energy conservation in low-duty cycle applications, while some recent applications involve real-time high-data-rate signals. This motivates us to design an innovative localized TDMA MAC protocol to achieve high throughput and low congestion in data collection sensor networks, besides energy conservation. TreeMAC divides a time cycle into frames and frame into slots. Parent determines children's frame assigmnent based on their relative bandwidth demand, and each node calculates its own slot assignment based on its hop-count to the sink. This innovative 2-dimensional frame-slot assignment algorithm has the following nice theory properties. Firstly, given any node, at any time slot, there is at most one active sender in its neighborhood (includ ing itself). Secondly, the packet scheduling with TreelMAC is bufferless, which therefore minimizes the probability of network congestion. Thirdly, the data throughput to gateway is at least 1/3 of the optimum assuming reliable links. Our experiments on a 24 node test bed demonstrate that TreeMAC protocol significantly improves network throughput and energy efficiency, by comparing to the TinyOS's default CSMA MAC protocol and a recent TDMA MAC protocol Funneling-MAC[8]. ?? 2009 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"7th Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, PerCom 2009","conferenceTitle":"7th Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, PerCom 2009","conferenceDate":"9 March 2009 through 13 March 2009","conferenceLocation":"Galveston, TX","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/PERCOM.2009.4912757","isbn":"9781424433049","usgsCitation":"Song, W., Huang, R., Shirazi, B., and Husent, R., 2009, TreeMAC: Localized TDMA MAC protocol for real-time high-data-rate sensor networks, <i>in</i> 7th Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, PerCom 2009, Galveston, TX, 9 March 2009 through 13 March 2009, https://doi.org/10.1109/PERCOM.2009.4912757.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217787,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PERCOM.2009.4912757"},{"id":245756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7a8e4b08c986b3273e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Song, W.-Z.","contributorId":23334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"W.-Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, R.","contributorId":88578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shirazi, B.","contributorId":78162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirazi","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Husent, R.L.","contributorId":95310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Husent","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035761,"text":"70035761 - 2009 - Negligible influence of spatial autocorrelation in the assessment of fire effects in a mixed conifer forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035761","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Negligible influence of spatial autocorrelation in the assessment of fire effects in a mixed conifer forest","docAbstract":"Fire is an important feature of many forest ecosystems, although the quantification of its effects is compromised by the large scale at which fire occurs and its inherent unpredictability. A recurring problem is the use of subsamples collected within individual burns, potentially resulting in spatially autocorrelated data. Using subsamples from six different fires (and three unburned control areas) we show little evidence for strong spatial autocorrelation either before or after burning for eight measures of forest conditions (both fuels and vegetation). Additionally, including a term for spatially autocorrelated errors provided little improvement for simple linear models contrasting the effects of early versus late season burning. While the effects of spatial autocorrelation should always be examined, it may not always greatly influence assessments of fire effects. If high patch scale variability is common in Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests, even following more than a century of fire exclusion, treatments designed to encourage further heterogeneity in forest conditions prior to the reintroduction of fire will likely be unnecessary.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.4996/fireecology.0502116","issn":"19339747","usgsCitation":"van Mantgem, P.J., and Schwilk, D., 2009, Negligible influence of spatial autocorrelation in the assessment of fire effects in a mixed conifer forest: Fire Ecology, v. 5, no. 2, p. 116-125, https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0502116.","startPage":"116","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476393,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0502116","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216170,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0502116"},{"id":244019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a643ce4b0c8380cd72948","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Mantgem, P. J.","contributorId":73527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwilk, D.W.","contributorId":29770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwilk","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035263,"text":"70035263 - 2009 - Depletion of isoeugenol residues from the fillet tissue of AQUI-S™ exposed rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T10:25:18","indexId":"70035263","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depletion of isoeugenol residues from the fillet tissue of AQUI-S™ exposed rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>There is a critical need in U.S. public aquaculture and fishery management for an approved sedative that allows for the immediate release of fish after sedation. AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>&nbsp;is a fish anesthetic/sedative approved for use in several countries and until recently was being developed in the U.S. as a sedative for immediate release of fish after sedation. The U.S. National Toxicology Program reported that isoeugenol (the active ingredient in AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>) exposed male mice showed clear evidence of carcinogenicity, therefore efforts within the U.S. Department of Interior to develop AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>&nbsp;as a sedative that allows for immediate release ceased. Despite the ruling, AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>&nbsp;still has the potential to be approved as an anesthetic with a short withdrawal time. Among the data required to gain approval for use in the U.S. are data describing the composition and depletion of all AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>&nbsp;residues from fish fillet tissue. A total residue depletion study for AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>&nbsp;was conducted by exposing market-sized rainbow trout,&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;(mean weight, 502.7&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;54&nbsp;g; s.d.) to 8.9&nbsp;mg/L of&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C-[URL]-isoeugenol for 60&nbsp;min in 17&nbsp;&deg;C water. The&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C-[URL]-isoeugenol was mixed with a surfactant resulting in a mixture that mimicked AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>. Groups of fish (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;6) were sampled immediately after the exposure (0-h sample group) and at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4&nbsp;h thereafter. Total isoeugenol-equivalent residue concentrations in the fillet tissue were determined by oxidizing triplicate subsamples of homogenized skin-on fillet tissue from each fish to&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and enumerating the radioactivity by static liquid scintillation counting. Isoeugenol concentrations in fillet tissue were determined by extracting homogenized fillet tissue with solvents and determining the isoeugenol concentrations in the extracts with high performance liquid chromatography techniques. The mean total isoeugenol-equivalent residue concentrations in the 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4-h sample groups were 55.4, 32.0, 19.8, 11.3, and 4.9&nbsp;&micro;g/g, respectively. The primary chemical residue in fillet tissue from all exposed fish was isoeugenol. The mean isoeugenol concentrations in the 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4-h sample groups were 48.9, 26.5, 15.3, 7.2, and 2.2&nbsp;&micro;g/g, respectively. The percents of the total radioactivity classified as isoeugenol in the 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4-h tissue extracts were 95, 73, 73, 64, and 48%, respectively.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.08.022","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J.R., and Schreier, T.M., 2009, Depletion of isoeugenol residues from the fillet tissue of AQUI-S™ exposed rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>): Aquaculture, v. 296, no. 3-4, p. 200-206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.08.022.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"206","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215157,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.08.022"}],"volume":"296","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feb2e4b0c8380cd4ee92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, Jeffery R. 0000-0002-8855-2648 jmeinertz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":2495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"Jeffery","email":"jmeinertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreier, Theresa M. 0000-0001-7722-6292 tschreier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-6292","contributorId":3344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreier","given":"Theresa","email":"tschreier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035908,"text":"70035908 - 2009 - Variations in population exposure and sensitivity to lahar hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-23T11:38:20","indexId":"70035908","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in population exposure and sensitivity to lahar hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington","docAbstract":"Although much has been done to understand, quantify, and delineate volcanic hazards, there are fewer efforts to assess societal vulnerability to these hazards, particularly demographic differences in exposed populations or spatial variations in exposure to regional hazards. To better understand population diversity in volcanic hazard zones, we assess the number and types of people in a single type of hazard zone (lahars) for 27 communities downstream of Mount Rainier, Washington (USA). Using various socioeconomic and hazard datasets, we estimate that there are more than 78 000 residents, 59 000 employees, several dependent-population facilities (e.g., child-day-care centers, nursing homes) and numerous public venues (e.g., churches, hotels, museums) in a Mount Rainier lahar-hazard zone. We find that communities vary in the primary category of individuals in lahar-prone areas-exposed populations are dominated by residents in some communities (e.g., Auburn), employees in others (e.g., Tacoma), and tourists likely outnumber both of these groups in yet other areas (e.g., unincorporated Lewis County). Population exposure to potential lahar inundation varies considerably-some communities (e.g., Auburn) have large numbers of people but low percentages of them in hazard zones, whereas others (e.g., Orting) have fewer people but they comprise the majority of a community. A composite lahar-exposure index is developed to help emergency managers understand spatial variations in community exposure to lahars and results suggest that Puyallup has the highest combination of high numbers and percentages of people and assets in lahar-prone areas. Risk education and preparedness needs will vary based on who is threatened by future lahars, such as residents, employees, tourists at a public venue, or special-needs populations at a dependent-care facility. Emergency managers must first understand the people whom they are trying to prepare before they can expect these people to take protective measures after recognizing natural cues or receiving an official lahar warning.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.09.019","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Wood, N., and Soulard, C., 2009, Variations in population exposure and sensitivity to lahar hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 188, no. 4, p. 367-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.09.019.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"378","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216058,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.09.019"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.94137573242186,\n              46.79911935722295\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.50741577148439,\n              46.79911935722295\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.50741577148439,\n              46.930572093016316\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.94137573242186,\n              46.930572093016316\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.94137573242186,\n              46.79911935722295\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"188","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc183e4b08c986b32a5fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, N.","contributorId":82554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soulard, C.","contributorId":107961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035904,"text":"70035904 - 2009 - An ecological risk assessment of the acute and chronic effects of the herbicide clopyralid to rainbow trout <i>(Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:13:42","indexId":"70035904","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An ecological risk assessment of the acute and chronic effects of the herbicide clopyralid to rainbow trout <i>(Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>Clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) is a pyridine herbicide frequently used to control invasive, noxious weeds in the northwestern United States. Clopyralid exhibits low acute toxicity to fish, including the rainbow trout (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>) and the threatened bull trout (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Salvelinus confluentus</i><span>). However, there are no published chronic toxicity data for clopyralid and fish that can be used in ecological risk assessments. We conducted 30-day chronic toxicity studies with juvenile rainbow trout exposed to the acid form of clopyralid. The 30-day maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) for growth, calculated as the geometric mean of the no observable effect concentration (68&nbsp;mg/L) and the lowest observable effect concentration (136&nbsp;mg/L), was 96&nbsp;mg/L. No mortality was measured at the highest chronic concentration tested (273&nbsp;mg/L). The acute:chronic ratio, calculated by dividing the previously published 96-h acutely lethal concentration (96-h ALC</span><sub>50</sub><span>; 700&nbsp;mg/L) by the MATC was 7.3. Toxicity values were compared to a four-tiered exposure assessment profile assuming an application rate of 1.12&nbsp;kg/ha. The Tier 1 exposure estimation, based on direct overspray of a 2-m deep pond, was 0.055&nbsp;mg/L. The Tier 2 maximum exposure estimate, based on the Generic Exposure Estimate Concentration model (GEENEC), was 0.057&nbsp;mg/L. The Tier 3 maximum exposure estimate, based on previously published results of the Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems model (GLEAMS), was 0.073&nbsp;mg/L. The Tier 4 exposure estimate, based on published edge-of-field monitoring data, was estimated at 0.008&nbsp;mg/L. Comparison of toxicity data to estimated environmental concentrations of clopyralid indicates that the safety factor for rainbow trout exposed to clopyralid at labeled use rates exceeds 1000. Therefore, the herbicide presents little to no risk to rainbow trout or other salmonids such as the threatened bull trout.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-009-9381-0","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Fairchild, J., Allert, A., Feltz, K., Nelson, K., and Valle, J., 2009, An ecological risk assessment of the acute and chronic effects of the herbicide clopyralid to rainbow trout <i>(Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i>: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 57, no. 4, p. 725-731, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-009-9381-0.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"731","costCenters":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216471,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-009-9381-0"}],"volume":"57","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea2ae4b0c8380cd48690","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allert, A.L.","contributorId":55987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allert","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feltz, K.P.","contributorId":28095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feltz","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, K.J.","contributorId":36957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Valle, J.A.","contributorId":91327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valle","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035771,"text":"70035771 - 2009 - Predicting 21st-century polar bear habitat distribution from global climate models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-09T19:26:18","indexId":"70035771","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting 21st-century polar bear habitat distribution from global climate models","docAbstract":"Projections of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) sea ice habitat distribution in the polar basin during the 21st century were developed to understand the consequences of anticipated sea ice reductions on polar bear populations. We used location data from satellitecollared polar bears and environmental data (e.g., bathymetry, distance to coastlines, and sea ice) collected from 1985 to 1995 to build resource selection functions (RSFs). RSFs described habitats that polar bears preferred in summer, autumn, winter, and spring. When applied to independent data from 1996 to 2006, the RSFs consistently identified habitats most frequently used by polar bears. We applied the RSFs to monthly maps of 21st-century sea ice concentration projected by 10 general circulation models (GCMs) used in the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, under the A1B greenhouse gas forcing scenario. Despite variation in their projections, all GCMs indicated habitat losses in the polar basin during the 21st century. Losses in the highest-valued RSF habitat (optimal habitat) were greatest in the southern seas of the polar basin, especially the Chukchi and Barents seas, and least along the Arctic Ocean shores of Banks Island to northern Greenland. Mean loss of optimal polar bear habitat was greatest during summer; from an observed 1.0 million km<sup>2</sup> in 1985-1995 (baseline) to a projected multi-model mean of 0.32 million km<sup>2</sup> in 2090-2099 (-68% change). Projected winter losses of polar bear habitat were less: from 1.7 million km<sup>2</sup> in 1985-1995 to 1.4 million km<sup>2</sup> in 2090-2099 (-17% change). Habitat losses based on GCM multi-model means may be conservative; simulated rates of habitat loss during 1985-2006 from many GCMs were less than the actual observed rates of loss. Although a reduction in the total amount of optimal habitat will likely reduce polar bear populations, exact relationships between habitat losses and population demographics remain unknown. Density and energetic effects may become important as polar bears make long-distance annual migrations from traditional winter ranges to remnant high-latitude summer sea ice. These impacts will likely affect specific sex and age groups differently and may ultimately preclude bears from seasonally returning to their traditional ranges.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/07-2089.1","issn":"00129615","usgsCitation":"Durner, G.M., Douglas, D., Nielson, R.M., Amstrup, S.C., McDonald, T.L., Stirling, I., Mauritzen, M., Born, E., Wiig, O., Deweaver, E., Serreze, M.C., Belikov, S., Holland, M., Maslanik, J., Aars, J., Bailey, D., and Derocher, A., 2009, Predicting 21st-century polar bear habitat distribution from global climate models: Ecological Monographs, v. 79, no. 1, p. 25-58, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-2089.1.","startPage":"25","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216317,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-2089.1"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a819ce4b0c8380cd7b61b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nielson, R. M.","contributorId":22967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nielson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":452275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonald, T. L.","contributorId":101211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stirling, I.","contributorId":103615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mauritzen, Mette","contributorId":91753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mauritzen","given":"Mette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Born, E.W.","contributorId":7508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Born","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wiig, O.","contributorId":60995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiig","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Deweaver, E.","contributorId":10294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deweaver","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Serreze, Mark C.","contributorId":98491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serreze","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Belikov, Stanislav","contributorId":19513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belikov","given":"Stanislav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Holland, M.M.","contributorId":13074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Maslanik, J.","contributorId":78994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maslanik","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Aars, Jon","contributorId":91338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aars","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7238,"text":"Norwegian Polar Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":452278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Bailey, D.A.","contributorId":47215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Derocher, A.E.","contributorId":82103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derocher","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70035903,"text":"70035903 - 2009 - Modeling haul-out behavior of walruses in Bering Sea ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-12T12:36:42.224176","indexId":"70035903","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling haul-out behavior of walruses in Bering Sea ice","docAbstract":"Understanding haul-out behavior of ice-associated pinnipeds is essential for designing and interpreting popula-tion surveys and for assessing effects of potential changes in their ice environments. We used satellite-linked transmitters to obtain sequential information about location and haul-out state for Pacific walruses, Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Il-liger, 1815), in the Bering Sea during April of 2004, 2005, and 2006. We used these data in a generalized mixed model of haul-out bout durations and a hierarchical Bayesian model of haul-out probabilities to assess factors related to walrus haul-out behavior, and provide the first predictive model of walrus haul-out behavior in sea ice habitat. Average haul-out bout duration was 9 h, but durations of haul-out bouts tended to increase with durations of preceding in-water bouts. On aver-age, tagged walruses spent only about 17% of their time hauled out on sea ice. Probability of being hauled out decreased with wind speed, increased with temperature, and followed a diurnal cycle with the highest values in the evening. Our haul-out probability model can be used to estimate the proportion of the population that is unavailable for detection in spring surveys of Pacific walruses on sea ice.","language":"English","publisher":"Candadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/Z09-098","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., Jay, C.V., Fischbach, A., and Garlich-Miller, J., 2009, Modeling haul-out behavior of walruses in Bering Sea ice: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 87, no. 12, p. 1111-1128, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z09-098.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1111","endPage":"1128","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bfde4b0c8380cd6f964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":200780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony S.","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garlich-Miller, J. L.","contributorId":85419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garlich-Miller","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036605,"text":"70036605 - 2009 - Scrub-shrub bird habitat associations at multiple spatial scales in beaver meadows in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T12:31:33","indexId":"70036605","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scrub-shrub bird habitat associations at multiple spatial scales in beaver meadows in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most scrub-shrub bird species are declining in the northeastern United States, and these declines are largely attributed to regional declines in habitat availability. American Beaver (</span><i>Castor canadensis</i><span>; hereafter “beaver”) populations have been increasing in the Northeast in recent decades, and beavers create scrub-shrub habitat through their dam-building and foraging activities. Few systematic studies have been conducted on the value of beaver-modified habitats for scrub-shrub birds, and these data are important for understanding habitat selection of scrub-shrub birds as well as for assessing regional habitat availability for these species. We conducted surveys in 37 beaver meadows in a 2,800-km</span><sup>2</sup><span> study area in western Massachusetts during 2005 and 2006 to determine the extent to which these beaver-modified habitats are used by scrub-shrub birds, as well as the characteristics of beaver meadows most closely related to bird use. We modeled bird abundance in relation to microhabitat-, patch-, and landscape-context variables while adjusting for survey-specific covariates affecting detectability using N-mixture models. We found that scrub-shrub birds of regional conservation concern occupied these sites and that birds responded differently to microhabitat, patch, and landscape characteristics of beaver meadows. Generally, scrub-shrub birds increased in abundance along a gradient of increasing vegetation complexity, and three species were positively related to patch size. We conclude that these habitats can potentially play an important role in regional conservation of scrub-shrub birds and recommend that conservation priority be given to larger beaver meadows with diverse vegetation structure and composition.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2009.08083","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Chandler, R., King, D., and DeStefano, S., 2009, Scrub-shrub bird habitat associations at multiple spatial scales in beaver meadows in Massachusetts: The Auk, v. 126, no. 1, p. 186-197, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.08083.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"197","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.08083","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b87b5e4b08c986b316606","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chandler, R.B.","contributorId":28838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, D.I.","contributorId":19816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}