Quaternary eruptive products in the Cascade arc include a variety of different basalt types. At Mount St. Helens (MSH), the most active volcano in the Cascades throughout the last 35 ka, three different mafic endmembers erupted at the end of the Castle Creek period (1900–1700 years B.P.): (1) high-field strength element (HFSE)-rich basalt enriched in K, Ti, P, and incompatible trace elements; (2) low-K olivine tholeiite (LKOT) with lower amounts of incompatible trace elements; and (3) calc-alkaline (arc-type) basaltic andesite with a typical subduction signature, i.e., enrichment in fluid-mobile large ion lithophile elements (LILE) relative to immobile high-field strength elements (HFSE). Each type has compositions projecting backwards to more primitive endmembers in the Cascades. Single units encompassing basaltic-to-basaltic andesitic compositions with intermediate trace-element abundances form two almost continuous trends towards basaltic andesite. These trends are interpreted to result from assimilation of pre-existing, more evolved, calc-alkaline material (and in one case mixing of different mafic magma types) during migration of the magmas through the crust. Most of the erupted basalts are porphyritic (10–30%) with an assemblage dominated by olivine and plagioclase and show disequilibrium textures preventing detailed reconstruction of mantle melting processes. Although typical hydrous arc basalt produced by flux melting in the mantle is absent in the eruptive products of MSH, arc-type basaltic andesite suggests its presence at depth. LKOT magmas are interpreted as decompression melts from the upper mantle, whereas HFSE-rich basalts are likely derived from the water-poor periphery of the main flux melting regime, potentially tapping a trace-element-enriched source. Primitive spinel compositions and whole-rock trace-element variations indicate at least two distinct, relatively fertile lherzolite sources for these two basalt types. Weak crustal zones associated with an old fracture system beneath MSH likely provide conduits for fast and isolated ascent of distinct batches of magma, bypassing the lower crustal mush zone. The eruption of the basalts through the upper crustal magma system and main edifice is consistent with an offset plumbing system suggested by geophysical data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00410-018-1544-4","usgsCitation":"Wanke, M., Bachmann, O., von Quadt Wykradt-Huchtenbruck, A., Vennemann, T.W., and Clynne, M.A., 2019, Geochemical and petrological diversity of mafic magmas from Mount St. Helens: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 174, 10, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-018-1544-4.","productDescription":"10, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-088841","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-018-1544-4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":462528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.2986667033363,\n 46.29637187463061\n ],\n [\n -122.2986667033363,\n 46.10268781168372\n ],\n [\n -122.06937994134731,\n 46.10268781168372\n ],\n [\n -122.06937994134731,\n 46.29637187463061\n ],\n [\n -122.2986667033363,\n 46.29637187463061\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"174","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wanke, Maren","contributorId":344827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wanke","given":"Maren","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27710,"text":"ETH Zurich, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bachmann, Olivier","contributorId":213379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachmann","given":"Olivier","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12483,"text":"ETH Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"von Quadt Wykradt-Huchtenbruck, Albrecht","contributorId":344828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"von Quadt Wykradt-Huchtenbruck","given":"Albrecht","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27710,"text":"ETH Zurich, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vennemann, Torsten W.","contributorId":190168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vennemann","given":"Torsten","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70209616,"text":"70209616 - 2019 - Multiple approaches to surface water quality assessment provide insight for small streams experiencing oil and natural gas development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-16T13:17:03.506404","indexId":"70209616","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-03T08:13:44","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple approaches to surface water quality assessment provide insight for small streams experiencing oil and natural gas development","docAbstract":"Historic, current, and future oil and natural gas development can affect water quality in streams flowing through developed areas. We compared small stream drainages in a semi-arid landscape with varying amounts of disturbance from oil and natural gas development to examine potential effects of this development on surface water quality. We used physical, chemical, and biological approaches to assess water quality and found several potential avenues of degradation. Surface disturbance likely contributed to elevated suspended sediment concentrations and spill history likely led to elevated stream polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations. In combination, these environmental stressors could explain the loss of sensitive aquatic macroinvertebrate groups at sites highly affected by oil and natural gas development. Our results provide insight into advantages and disadvantages of approaches for assessing surface water quality in areas affected by oil and natural gas development.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4118","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Walters, A.W., Girard, C., Walker, R., Farag, A., and Alvarez, D.A., 2019, Multiple approaches to surface water quality assessment provide insight for small streams experiencing oil and natural gas development: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 15, no. 3, p. 385-397, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4118.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"397","ipdsId":"IP-092150","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OF7K9V","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Wyoming Range Stream Data 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\"}}]}","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Girard, Carlin","contributorId":176838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Girard","given":"Carlin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, Richard H.","contributorId":224149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"Richard H.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farag, Aida 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":200690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alvarez, David A. 0000-0002-6918-2709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6918-2709","contributorId":220763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70205436,"text":"70205436 - 2019 - Landscape evolution of a fluvial sediment-rich Avicennia marina mangrove forest: Insights from seasonal and inter-annual surface-elevation dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-22T14:59:50","indexId":"70205436","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-02T17:47:33","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Landscape evolution of a fluvial sediment-rich Avicennia marina mangrove forest: Insights from seasonal and inter-annual surface-elevation dynamics","title":"Landscape evolution of a fluvial sediment-rich Avicennia marina mangrove forest: Insights from seasonal and inter-annual surface-elevation dynamics","docAbstract":"Mangrove forests are vulnerable to accelerated sea-level rise associated with climate warming because they occupy a relatively narrow zone on the mid-to-upper-intertidal flats. The fate of these ecosystems largely depends on their capacity to accrete sediment at a rate sufficient to maintain their elevation relative to sea level. We investigated the role of biophysical processes and feedbacks controlling surface-elevation dynamics in a fluvial sediment-rich Avicennia marina mangrove forest (New Zealand) at seasonal-to-inter-annual timescales (over 9 years) using the Rod Surface Elevation Table method. We found that sediment accretion in the forest was not measurably enhanced by episodic and short-lived storm discharges from rivers nor by elevated sea levels during storms. Critically, the coupling of frequent onshore winds and resulting resuspension of intertidal muds, with the fortnightly cycle of spring tide inundation, controlled sediment delivery and resulting accretion rates of 13 to 47 mm y−1. In turn, net surface-elevation trends of 0 to 28 mm y−1 were dominated by the physical processes of sediment accretion and shallow subsidence due to seasonal desiccation and resulting compaction of the infrequently inundated forest platform (4 to 16 mm y−1). Our data suggest that monthly and seasonal variation in tidally controlled hydroperiod and sediment delivery rather than episodic storm events are important for the maintenance of mangrove elevation within the intertidal zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-018-0330-5","usgsCitation":"Andrew Swales, Reeve, G., Cahoon, D., and Catherine Lovelock, 2019, Landscape evolution of a fluvial sediment-rich Avicennia marina mangrove forest: Insights from seasonal and inter-annual surface-elevation dynamics: Ecosystems, v. 22, no. 6, p. 1232-1255, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0330-5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1232","endPage":"1255","ipdsId":"IP-096280","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0330-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":"Firth of Thames","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 175.25115966796875,\n -37.24344837865412\n ],\n [\n 175.60546875,\n -37.24344837865412\n ],\n [\n 175.60546875,\n -37.02448395075963\n ],\n [\n 175.25115966796875,\n -37.02448395075963\n ],\n [\n 175.25115966796875,\n -37.24344837865412\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrew Swales","contributorId":219057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrew Swales","affiliations":[{"id":17985,"text":"National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reeve, Glen","contributorId":219058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reeve","given":"Glen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17985,"text":"National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":208039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Catherine Lovelock","contributorId":219059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Catherine Lovelock","affiliations":[{"id":39954,"text":"The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228330,"text":"70228330 - 2019 - Gradients in fish feeding guilds along a reservoir cascade","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T16:38:50.627293","indexId":"70228330","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-02T10:29:54","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":873,"text":"Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gradients in fish feeding guilds along a reservoir cascade","docAbstract":"The river continuum concept predicts a longitudinal gradient in the structure and functioning of rivers. Impoundments potentially change this continuum by reorganizing nutrient transport and storage in the system. To determine if predictions made by the river continuum concept relative to fish assemblage trophic structure hold for a temperate river transformed into a reservoir cascade, we examined longitudinal trends in the distribution of biomass among feeding guilds over 30 reservoirs of the Tennessee River (USA). Fish assemblages were sampled over a 12-year period, and fishes were classified as detritivores, herbivores, invertivores, piscivores, or planktivores. Biomass of all feeding guilds increased with catchment area (i.e., in a downstream direction). However, representation of herbivores and planktivores within the fish assemblage, as indexed by percent biomass composition, increased with catchment area, whereas representation of detritivores, invertivores, and piscivores decreased. In general, the predictions made by the river continuum concept apply to the Tennessee River reservoir cascade despite the major environmental transformation caused by the series of impoundments. However, transformation of lotic into lentic systems promotes autochthonous primary production and proliferation of herbivores and planktivores that reduces relative representation of other guilds. The marked longitudinal pattern in feeding guild structure in the reservoir cascade reflected changes in production sources following impoundment of the river.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00027-018-0615-y","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L.E., Granzotti, R., and Dembkowski, D., 2019, Gradients in fish feeding guilds along a reservoir cascade: Aquatic Sciences, v. 81, 15, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-018-0615-y.","productDescription":"15, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-098114","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395677,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Tennessee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 34.23451236236987\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n 34.23451236236987\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 34.23451236236987\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granzotti, R.V.","contributorId":275184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Granzotti","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[{"id":56741,"text":"Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dembkowski, D.J.","contributorId":275185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dembkowski","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70212477,"text":"70212477 - 2019 - The NASA Roadmap to Ocean Worlds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-17T14:23:22.478269","indexId":"70212477","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-02T09:15:40","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":912,"text":"Astrobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The NASA Roadmap to Ocean Worlds","docAbstract":"In this article, we summarize the work of the NASA Outer Planets Assessment Group (OPAG) Roadmaps to Ocean Worlds (ROW) group. The aim of this group is to assemble the scientific framework that will guide the exploration of ocean worlds, and to identify and prioritize science objectives for ocean worlds over the next several decades. The overarching goal of an Ocean Worlds exploration program as defined by ROW is to “identify ocean worlds, characterize their oceans, evaluate their habitability, search for life, and ultimately understand any life we find.” The ROW team supports the creation of an exploration program that studies the full spectrum of ocean worlds, that is, not just the exploration of known ocean worlds such as Europa but candidate ocean worlds such as Triton as well. The ROW team finds that the confirmed ocean worlds Enceladus, Titan, and Europa are the highest priority bodies to target in the near term to address ROW goals. Triton is the highest priority candidate ocean world to target in the near term. A major finding of this study is that, to map out a coherent Ocean Worlds Program, significant input is required from studies here on Earth; rigorous Research and Analysis studies are called for to enable some future ocean worlds missions to be thoughtfully planned and undertaken. A second finding is that progress needs to be made in the area of collaborations between Earth ocean scientists and extraterrestrial ocean scientists.
The patterns and drivers of late Quaternary vegetation dynamics in the southeastern United States are poorly understood due to low site density, problematic chronologies, and a paucity of independent paleoclimate proxy records. We present a well-dated (15 accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dates) 30,000-yr record from White Pond, South Carolina that consists of high-resolution analyses of fossil pollen, macroscopic charcoal, and Sporormiella spores, and an independent paleotemperature reconstruction based on branched glycerol dialkyl tetraethers. Between 30,000 and 20,000 cal yr BP, open Pinus-Picea forest grew under cold and dry conditions; elevated Quercus before 26,000 cal yr BP, however, suggest warmer conditions in the Southeast before the last glacial maximum, possibly corresponding to regionally warmer conditions associated with Heinrich event H2. Warming between 19,700 and 10,400 cal yr BP was accompanied by a transition from conifer-dominated to mesic hardwood forest. Sporormiella spores were not detected and charcoal was low during the late glacial period, suggesting megaherbivore grazers and fire were not locally important agents of vegetation change. Pinus returned to dominance during the Holocene, with step-like increases in Pinus at 10,400 and 6400 cal yr BP, while charcoal abundance increased tenfold, likely due to increased biomass burning associated with warmer conditions. Low-intensity surface fires increased after 1200 cal yr BP, possibly related to the establishment of the Mississippian culture in the Southeast.
The Black-capped Petrel (also known regionally as Diablotin) is a gadfly petrel endemic to the Caribbean. Population estimates based on at-sea observations range from 2,000 to 4,000 individuals, with a fragmented breeding population estimated at 500 to 1,000 pairs. At sea, the expansive marine range of the species exposes it to many conservation threats including fisheries activity, offshore energy development, marine pollution including mercury bio-accumulation, and climate change. Such disturbances at sea have been under-studied although they are likely to impact the survival of the species.
","language":"English","publisher":"South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","doi":"10.5066/P9UHASY4","usgsCitation":"Satge, Y.G., Rupp, E., and Jodice, P.G., 2019, A preliminary report of ongoing research of the ecology of Black-capped Petrel (Pterodroma hasitata) in Sierra de Bahoruco, Dominican Republic – I: GPS tracking of breeding adults, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UHASY4.","productDescription":"41 p.","ipdsId":"IP-105521","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Dominican Republic","otherGeospatial":"Sierra de Bahoruco","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.75,\n 15.029685756555674\n ],\n [\n -67.3681640625,\n 15.029685756555674\n ],\n [\n -67.3681640625,\n 23.644524198573688\n ],\n [\n -78.75,\n 23.644524198573688\n ],\n [\n -78.75,\n 15.029685756555674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Satge, Yvan G.","contributorId":200132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Satge","given":"Yvan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rupp, Ernst","contributorId":166693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rupp","given":"Ernst","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jodice, Patrick G.R. 0000-0001-8716-120X pjodice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-120X","contributorId":200009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"Patrick","email":"pjodice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70221333,"text":"70221333 - 2019 - Natural resource management decision-making under climate uncertainty: Building social-ecological resilience in southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-10T19:06:23.354804","indexId":"70221333","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T15:06:08","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Natural resource management decision-making under climate uncertainty: Building social-ecological resilience in southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"The goal of this project was to facilitate climate change adaptation that contributes to social-ecological resilience, ecosystem and species conservation, and sustainable human communities in southwestern Colorado. The team developed and piloted integrated adaptation planning tools and principles that merge the strengths of the iterative scenario process, the Adaptation for Conservation Targets (ACT) planning framework, institutional analysis, and climate modeling. These tools and principles generated practical strategies and scientific knowledge to advance climate change adaptation in both the Gunnison River Basin and San Juan River Basin and, potentially, other landscapes. A key objective of this project was to work with decision-makers to develop social-ecological adaptation strategies and coordinate actions to reduce the impacts of a changing climate on nature and people. To accomplish this, the project blended science (biophysical and social) and participatory approaches to integrate expert knowledge, land management decision making, and local needs. These adaptation strategies and their creation process were documented by the project team to assist communities and scientists elsewhere who are grappling with the challenges posed by climate change.","language":"English","publisher":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","usgsCitation":"Burkardt, N., Bidwell, M., Clifford, K., Neely, B., Orth, P., Rangwala, I., Rondeau, R., Wyborn, C., and Yung, L., 2019, Natural resource management decision-making under climate uncertainty: Building social-ecological resilience in southwestern Colorado, 49 p.","productDescription":"49 p.","ipdsId":"IP-105449","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40927,"text":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":386398,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cascprojects.org/#/project/4f83509de4b0e84f60868124/596f5354e4b0d1f9f0645e5d"},{"id":386384,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/596f5354e4b0d1f9f0645e5d"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -102.030029296875,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -102.030029296875,\n 41.00477542222947\n ],\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 41.00477542222947\n ],\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 36.99377838872517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkardt, Nina 0000-0002-9392-9251 burkardtn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9251","contributorId":2781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"Nina","email":"burkardtn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bidwell, Marcie","contributorId":260138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bidwell","given":"Marcie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33934,"text":"Mountain Studies Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clifford, Katherine","contributorId":260139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clifford","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[{"id":36627,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neely, Betsy","contributorId":259890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neely","given":"Betsy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52459,"text":"The Nature Conservancy, Colorado Chapter","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orth, Patricia","contributorId":260140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orth","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52520,"text":"Colordo State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rangwala, Imtiaz 0000-0002-4313-9374","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4313-9374","contributorId":148973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rangwala","given":"Imtiaz","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34534,"text":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":817347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rondeau, Renee","contributorId":259889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rondeau","given":"Renee","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wyborn, Carina","contributorId":259892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wyborn","given":"Carina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Yung, Laurie","contributorId":205827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yung","given":"Laurie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70203688,"text":"70203688 - 2019 - Demographic and genetic description of Greenland’s only indigenous Atlantic salmon Salmo salar population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T15:02:59","indexId":"70203688","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T15:01:47","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic and genetic description of Greenland’s only indigenous Atlantic salmon Salmo salar population","docAbstract":"A survey of the Kapisillit River system was conducted in 2005 and 2012 to study the only indigenous Atlantic salmon Salmo salar population in Greenland. Little is known about its characteristics or its relationship with other S. salar populations across the species range. Juvenile S. salar were captured in all stations surveyed within the lower river with the highest densities lower in the river and decreasing densities with increasing distance from the river mouth. Captured juveniles ranged from 0+ to 7+ years old and the predominant smolt age was between 4 and 6 years. Median length of 0+ and 1+ juveniles in August–September was 38.8 and 70.4 mm, respectively. The proportion of mature male parr increased from 4% for 1+ year old fish to 95% for fish greater than 2 years old. Genetic analysis using 96 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) revealed a high degree of genetic similarity between collections, extremely low genetic diversity and low estimates of effective population size (Ne = 28.7; 95% CI = 19.7–42.4). Genetic comparison to range-wide S. salar populations demonstrated that the Kapisillit River S. salar is an outgroup of the eastern Atlantic stock complex, which is consistent with the hypothesised colonisation from the east. River morphology and the absence of glacier runoff are hypothesised to be the main reasons for the relatively high river temperatures supporting this self-sustaining population of S. salar. Given its uniqueness and persistence, this population represents an important part of range-wide biodiversity of S. salar.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfb.13887","usgsCitation":"Arnekleiv, J.V., Davidsen, J.G., Sheehan, T.F., Lehnert, S.J., Bradbury, I., Ronning, L., Sjursen, A.D., Kjaerstad, G., Lubinski, B.A., and Nilssen, K.J., 2019, Demographic and genetic description of Greenland’s only indigenous Atlantic salmon Salmo salar population: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 94, no. 1, p. 154-164, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13887.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"164","ipdsId":"IP-100690","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2586628","text":"External 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We report the results of microtextural analysis of pyroclasts from five of Pu'u 'Ō'ō's high (>200 m) Hawaiian fountaining episodes (episodes 32, 37, 40, 44 and 45) erupted during 1985–1986. This analysis was carried out to constrain the parameters that led to large variations in fountain height at Pu'u 'Ō'o, and the extent to which pyroclast residence times in the fountain modified microtextures. Our results confirm the finding of Stovall et al., 2011, Stovall et al., 2012 that pyroclasts from a single Hawaiian fountain can vary greatly in texture (from bubbly to foamy), and have vesicle volume densities (Nmv) and vesicle to melt ratios (VG/VL) that vary by an order of magnitude. This range in vesicle texture and population is due to extensive growth and coalescence of vesicles within the fountain after fragmentation. Only one pyroclast from four of five episodes was found to have textures interpreted as indicative of the vesicle population near the moment of fragmentation: bubbly texture, high density (typically >500 kg m−3), high Nmv (2.2 × 106 to 4.4 × 106), and low VG/VL of 2.06 to 4.65. We demonstrate a linear correlation between Δ(VG/VL) and peak fountain height across a range of Hawaiian fountains from Kilauea. This correlation could be used to infer peak heights of unobserved Hawaiian fountaining eruptions after further testing using well-recorded events.
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Evidence suggests that introduced species with generalist diets have the potential for greatest impacts through competition and predation even though populations are often comprised of specialist individuals. The northern pike (Esox lucius), a predatory fish, has been widely introduced outside its native range for recreational fishing purposes, especially in western North America, and it has been implicated in declines and extirpations of native fishes. We synthesized over 2,900 individual northern pike diet records across 31 waterbodies from the native and introduced ranges in Alaska to quantify the extent of diet specialization and generalization relative to freshwater prey communities. To control for effects of ontogenetic diet shifts, we separately analyzed major size classes of northern pike and inferred and visualized trophic plasticity from Prey-Specific Abundance indices and ordination. Diet generalization was common in northern pike among waterbodies and usually consisted of individuals consuming macroinvertebrates. However, when available, individual northern pike diets showed specialization on fishes, amphibians, small mammals, and dragonflies. The reliance on macroinvertebrate prey by northern pike from small, isolated lakes in the native and invasive ranges suggests that dietary plasticity facilitates persistence of these predators in the absence of preferred fish prey. Broadly, this synthesis supports the hypothesis that trophic plasticity and diet generalization widely occur among invasive and native populations of northern pike which is likely to enhance the probability of introduction success, exacerbate their environmental impacts, and complicate management of this potentially invasive freshwater predator.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-018-1909-7","usgsCitation":"Cathcart, C.N., Dunker, K.J., Quinn, T.P., Sepulveda, A.J., von Hippel, F.A., Wizik, A., Young, D.B., and Westley, P.A., 2019, Trophic plasticity and the invasion of a renowned piscivore: A diet synthesis of northern pike (Esox lucius) from the native and introduced ranges in Alaska, U.S.A.: Biological Invasions, v. 21, no. 4, p. 1379-1392, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-018-1909-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1379","endPage":"1392","ipdsId":"IP-103289","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361977,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.521484375,\n 57.961503094284794\n ],\n [\n -146.0302734375,\n 57.961503094284794\n ],\n [\n -146.0302734375,\n 62.36999628130772\n ],\n [\n -159.521484375,\n 62.36999628130772\n ],\n [\n -159.521484375,\n 57.961503094284794\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cathcart, C. 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We satellite-tracked turtles captured after nesting at Buck Island ReefNational Monument (BIRNM), St. Croix, US Virgin Islands to determine habitat-use patterns of endangered adult female hawksbills (Eretmochelys imbricata). For 31 turtles captured between 2011 and 2014, switching state-space modeling and home range analyses showed that inter-nesting (IN) core-use areas (i.e., 50% kernel density estimates [KDEs]) were 9.6 to 77.7 km2 in area, occupied for 21 to 85 days, and in shallow water(21 of 26 centroids > −10 m). The IN zones overlapped with areas both within the protected borders of BIRNM, and outside BIRNM (32% of turtle-tracking days outside during IN). Turtles migrated to their foraging grounds between July and October with path lengths ranging from 52 to 3524 km; foraging areas included 14 countries. Core-use foraging areas (50% KDEs) where turtles took up residence were 6.3 to 95.4 km2, occupied for 22 to 490 days, with mean centroid depth − 66 m. Our results show previously unknown habitat-use patterns and highlight concentrated areas of use both within and adjacent to a US protected area during the breeding season. Further, our results clearly demonstrate the need for international conservation to protect hawksbills, as migrating turtles crossed between two and eight different jurisdictions. Our results provide critical spatial and temporal information for managers charged with designing strategies to minimize human impact to and maximize survival for this globally imperiled species.
The National Park Service’s (NPS) Resource Protection Branch (RPB) works with parks under the authority of the System Unit Resource Protection Act (SURPA) and the Oil Pollution Act, among others, to conduct damage assessment and restoration activities for NPS resources that have been injured. Funds used for restoration support jobs in local economies across the Nation. This report demonstrates the economic impacts associated with RPB-administered restoration projects through an analysis of small-scale (less than $1,000,000 spent per project) and large-scale (more than $1,000,000 spent per project) projects. Using a national-level economic input-output model, direct and secondary jobyears, labor income, value added, and total economic output were estimated for a sample of restoration projects; impacts from these sampled projects were used to estimate average economicimpacts-per-million-dollars-spent on RPB restoration. In 2017 RPB administered 49 small-scale projects; expenditures for these projects ranged in cost from $200 to $800,000 and totaled $1,686,000 ($923,000 in cultural resource projects, $618,000 in natural resource projects, and $145,000 in facilities projects). Based on the economic-impacts-per million estimates, small-scale RPB projects were found to support an estimated total of 29 job-years, $1,963,000 in labor income, $2,690,000 in value added, and $4,458,000 in total economic output within the national economy in 2017. Economic impacts were also calculated for two large-scale projects: one a $3,900,000 (2017$) hillside stabilization project and the other a $5,574,000 (2017$) ferries (two) fabrication project.
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For example, in Latin America, more than 60% of Holocene volcanoes are unmonitored, meaning long-term multi-parameter datasets of volcanic activity are rare and sparse. We use satellite observations of degassing, thermal anomalies, and surface deformation spanning 17 years at 47 of the most active volcanoes in Latin America, and compare these datasets to ground-based observations archived by the Global Volcanism Program (GVP). This first comparison of multi-satellite time-series on a regional scale provides information regarding volcanic behavior during, non-, pre-, syn- and post-eruptive periods. For example, at Copahue volcano, deviations from background activity in all three types of satellite measurements were manifested months to years in advance of renewed eruptive activity in 2012. By quantifying the amount of degassing, thermal output, and deformation measured at each of these volcanoes, we test the classification of these volcanoes as open or closed volcanic systems. We find that ~28% of the volcanoes do not fall into either classification and the rest show elements of both, demonstrating a dynamic range of behavior that can change over time. Finally, we recommend how volcano monitoring could be improved through better coordination of available satellite-based capabilities and new instruments.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018JB016199","usgsCitation":"Reath, K., Pritchard, M., Poland, M.P., Delgado, F., Carn, S., Coppola, D., Andrews, B.J., Ebmeier, S., Rumpf, M.E., Henderson, S., Baker, S., Lundgren, P., Wright, R.E., Biggs, J., Lopez, T., Wauthier, C., Moruzzi, S., Alcott, A., Wessels, R., Griswold, J.P., Ogburn, S.E., Loughlin, S.C., Meyer, F., Vaughan, R.G., and Bagnardi, M., 2019, Thermal, deformation, and degassing remote sensing time-series (A.D. 2000-2017) at the 47 most active volcanoes in Latin America: Implications for volcanic systems: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 124, no. 1, p. 195-218, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016199.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"218","ipdsId":"IP-103967","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science 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Greg 0000-0002-0850-6669","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0850-6669","contributorId":69030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Greg","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Bagnardi, M.","contributorId":218001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bagnardi","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25}]}} ,{"id":70207893,"text":"70207893 - 2019 - The shifting saltmarsh-mangrove ecotone in Australasia and the Americas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70157410,"text":"70157410 - 2009 - Salt marsh-mangrove interactions in Australasia and the Americas","indexId":"70157410","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Salt marsh-mangrove interactions in Australasia and the Americas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70207893,"text":"70207893 - 2019 - The shifting saltmarsh-mangrove ecotone in Australasia and the Americas","indexId":"70207893","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"chapter":"26","title":"The shifting saltmarsh-mangrove ecotone in Australasia and the Americas"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T12:21:00","indexId":"70207893","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T13:20:45","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"26","title":"The shifting saltmarsh-mangrove ecotone in Australasia and the Americas","docAbstract":"Mangroves and saltmarshes coexist in the intertidal wetlands of many temperate and subtropical coastlines. In these settings, mangroves may be close to physiological limits of tolerance in relation to a range of environmental variables, including temperature, salinity, aridity, and inundation frequency. Changes in the distribution of mangrove and saltmarsh might thereby provide insights into the effects of Apodasmia similisclimatic variability over a range of timescales. Two regional case studies are presented in detail. In southern USA, mangrove–saltmarsh interactions are influenced by frost frequency. In southeastern Australia and New Zealand, widespread encroachment of mangrove into saltmarsh has been linked to relative sea level rise. The implications of these trends are discussed in the context of anticipated increases in temperature and sea level over the coming centuries.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal wetlands: an integrated ecosystem approach (second edition)","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-444-63893-9.00026-5","usgsCitation":"Saintilan, N., Rogers, K., and McKee, K.L., 2019, The shifting saltmarsh-mangrove ecotone in Australasia and the Americas, chap. 26 of Coastal wetlands: an integrated ecosystem approach (second edition), p. 915-945, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63893-9.00026-5.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"915","endPage":"945","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saintilan, Neil","contributorId":31670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saintilan","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Kerrylee","contributorId":64151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Kerrylee","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16754,"text":"University of Wollongong, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":779668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, Karen L. 0000-0001-7042-670X mckeek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","email":"mckeek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70262578,"text":"70262578 - 2019 - Erratics and other evidence of late Wisconsin Missoula outburst floods in lower Wenatchee and Columbia valleys, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-21T18:22:01.632114","indexId":"70262578","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T11:58:14","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erratics and other evidence of late Wisconsin Missoula outburst floods in lower Wenatchee and Columbia valleys, Washington","docAbstract":"The Pleistocene Missoula floods through eastern and central Washington are by peak flow rate (discharge) the greatest freshwater cataclysms known on Earth. Newly explored features along the Wenatchee reach of Columbia valley give new evidence and revise earlier interpretations of size, frequency, and routing of megafloods.
Crystalline-rock erratics derived far northeast lie scattered about the sandstone hills of lower Wenatchee valley and adjacent Columbia valley up to 495 m altitude, 320 m above Columbia River. They can only have been ice-rafted by flood(s) running down the Columbia. Before the late Wisconsin Okanogan lobe of Cordilleran ice blocked the Columbia, at least one monstrous Missoula flood poured down the valley past Wenatchee and backflooded Wenatchee valley.
Rhythmically bedded sandy silt in Columbia valley between Trinidad and Wenatchee records repeated silt-rich backfloods up the Columbia from Quincy basin—after Okanogan-lobe ice had blocked the Columbia upvalley. Rhythmically graded silt beds in Wenatchee valley at Dryden containing Columbia-derived dropstones record ten Missoula backfloods up the valley.
Thick silt farther up Wenatchee valley between Peshastin and Leavenworth had been thought deposits of a long-lived lake, dammed supposedly by the Malaga landslide. But the heights and distribution of provable lake beds now make Moses Coulee bar the only viable dam—and only up to altitude 275 m. The silt above Dryden lying at 315–385 m altitude must also have been laid by Missoula floods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association (NWSA)","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3955/046.092.0503","usgsCitation":"Waitt, R.B., Long, W., and Stanton, K.M., 2019, Erratics and other evidence of late Wisconsin Missoula outburst floods in lower Wenatchee and Columbia valleys, Washington: Northwest Science, v. 92, no. 5, p. 318-337, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3955/046.092.0503.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"337","ipdsId":"IP-092834","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481107,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3955/046.092.0503","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":480850,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.67315675479762,\n 51.24819817380177\n ],\n [\n -126.99575275913864,\n 51.24819817380177\n ],\n [\n -126.99575275913864,\n 43.82459813975919\n ],\n [\n -111.67315675479762,\n 43.82459813975919\n ],\n [\n -111.67315675479762,\n 51.24819817380177\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waitt, Richard B. 0000-0002-6392-5604 waitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6392-5604","contributorId":2343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waitt","given":"Richard","email":"waitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, William","contributorId":242920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"William","affiliations":[{"id":48582,"text":"(deceased)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, Kelsay M.","contributorId":242919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanton","given":"Kelsay","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":48581,"text":"Wenatchee Valley College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70201038,"text":"70201038 - 2019 - Exploring relationships of spring green-up to moisture and temperature across Wyoming, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-17T14:53:43.693282","indexId":"70201038","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T11:57:27","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring relationships of spring green-up to moisture and temperature across Wyoming, U.S.A","docAbstract":"Vegetation green-up signals the timing of available nutritious plants and shrubs providing high-quality forage for ungulates. In this study, we characterized spatial and temporal patterns of spring phenology and explored how they were related to preceding temperature and moisture conditions. We tested correlations between late winter weather and indicators of the onset and the length of the spring growing period with 250-m resolution time-series satellite data (2001 – 2013) for Wyoming, USA. In western Wyoming mountains, drier and warmer conditions during late winter were associated with earlier spring green-up onset of growth in forests, shrubs, and grasses. In the northeast mountains, onset of spring correlated positively with preceding warmer temperatures, but not with precipitation. In most basin and plains shrublands and grasslands, spring onset was not correlated with temperature, although earlier onset of spring was correlated with drier conditions in 25% of shrub/scrub areas. Results about the length of spring were less definitive, with warmer temperatures related to longer green-up time for 12–30% of the land cover in western mountains but to shorter green-up time periods for 10–20% of the grasses and shrubs in basins and plains. Complex phenological patterns are likely to affect ungulate foraging behaviour on a local scale.
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Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using remote sensing to quantify ecosystem site potential community structure and deviation in the Great Basin, United States","docAbstract":"The semi-arid Great Basin region in the Northwest U.S. is impacted by a suite of change agents including fire, grazing, and climate variability to which native vegetation can have low resilience and resistance. Assessing ecosystem condition in relation to these change agents is difficult due to a lack of a consistent and objective Site Potential (SP) information of the conditions biophysically possible at each site. Our objectives were to assess and quantify patterns in ecosystem condition, based on actual fractional component cover and a SP map and to evaluate drivers of change. We used long-term 90th percentile Landsat NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and biophysical variables to produce a map of SP. Ecosystem condition was assessed using two methods, first we integrated fractional components into an index which was regressed against SP. Regression confidence intervals were used to segment the study area into normal, over-, and under-performing relative to SP. Next, the relationships between SP and fractional component cover produced SP expected component cover, from which we mapped the actual cover deviation. Much of the study area is within the range of conditions expected by the SP model, but degraded conditions are more common than those above SP expectations. We found that shrub cover deviation is more positive at higher elevation, while herbaceous cover deviation has the opposite pattern, supporting the hypothesis that more resistant and resilient sites are less likely to change from the shrub dominated legacy. Another key finding was that regions with significant annual herbaceous invasions tend to have lower than expected bare ground and shrub cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.09.037","usgsCitation":"Rigge, M.B., Homer, C.G., Wylie, B.K., Gu, Y., Shi, H., Xian, G.Z., Meyer, D.K., and Bunde, B., 2019, Using remote sensing to quantify ecosystem site potential community structure and deviation in the Great Basin, United States: Ecological Indicators, v. 96, no. 1, p. 516-531, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.09.037.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"516","endPage":"531","ipdsId":"IP-101049","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468010,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.09.037","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358741,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great 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xian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":2263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","email":"xian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meyer, Debra K. 0000-0002-8841-697X dkmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8841-697X","contributorId":3145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Debra","email":"dkmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bunde, Brett 0000-0003-0228-779X 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come?","docAbstract":"One of the desired outcomes of dam decommissioning and removal is the recovery of aquatic and riparian ecosystems. To investigate this common objective, we synthesized information from empirical studies and ecological theory into conceptual models that depict key physical and biological links driving ecological responses to removing dams. We define models for three distinct spatial domains: upstream of the former reservoir, within the reservoir, and downstream of the removed dam. Emerging from these models are response trajectories that clarify potential pathways of ecological transitions in each domain. We illustrate that the responses are controlled by multiple causal pathways and feedback loops among physical and biological components of the ecosystem, creating recovery trajectories that are dynamic and nonlinear. In most cases, short-term effects are typically followed by longer-term responses that bring ecosystems to new and frequently predictable ecological condition, which may or may not be similar to what existed prior to impoundment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biy152","usgsCitation":"Bellmore, J., Pess, G.R., Duda, J.J., O'Connor, J., East, A.E., Foley, M.M., Wilcox, A.C., Major, J.J., Shafroth, P.B., Morley, S.A., Magirl, C.S., Anderson, C.W., Evans, J.E., Torgersen, C.E., and Craig, L.S., 2019, Conceptualizing ecological responses to dam removal: If you remove it, what's to come?: BioScience, v. 69, no. 1, p. 26-39, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biy152.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"39","ipdsId":"IP-076483","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biy152","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":360721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c5022c4e4b0708288f7e80c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bellmore, J. 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Resuspension and transport of fine-grained volcanic ash from Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska has been observed and documented many times over the past several decades and has likely been occurring throughout the time interval since the 1912 Novarupta-Katmai eruption (Hadley et al. 2004). This eruption, the largest in the world during the 20th Century, produced approximately 4 cubic miles (17 cubic km) of ash deposits and 2.6 cubic miles (11 cubic km) of pyroclastic material that filled nearby valleys, creating what is today known as the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS; Fierstein and Hildreth 1992). Ash in this valley is up to 660 feet (200 m) thick and the valley remains almost entirely free of vegetation (Figure 1).
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Environments of the shelf are dominated by the southward-flowing Leeuwin Current, which impacts near-surface circulation and influences biogeographic ranges of Indo-Pacific warm-water foraminifera. Analyses of outer ramp to upper slope sediments (127–264 m water depth) at four different sites (some with replicates) revealed 185 benthic species. A shift from benthic to planktonic foraminifera was accompanied by the decrease of “larger” benthic foraminifera below the lowermost euphotic zone. Fisher α and proportions of buliminid and textularid taxa increased with water depth, as miliolids and rotalids decreased in proportion. Cluster analyses on the 125–250 μm and 250–850 μm size fractions revealed distinct assemblages, with the former distinguishing between deeper and shallower sites, and the latter distinguishing between the Carnarvon Ramp-site in the south and the three sites on the Northwestern Shelf (NWS). The assemblage shift with depth was likely caused by rapidly changing physical conditions in the upper thermocline. The assemblage differences between the NWS and the Carnarvon Ramp indicate limited horizontal transport and migration rates on the outer shelf below the influence of the Leeuwin Current. Similarity in bottom-water temperature at the studied sites indicates that water mass characteristics, biogeographic history or possibly diversity in benthic shelf habitats rather than temperature and depth are responsible for differences between the two regions.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic problem solving with microfossils IV","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/sepmsp.111.05","usgsCitation":"Christian Haller, Hallock, P., Albert C. 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