Supported by NASA's Earth Surface and Interior (ESI) Program, we are producing a global set of Ground Control Points (GCPs) derived from the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) altimetry data. From February of 2003, to October of 2009, ICESat obtained nearly global measurements of land topography (+/- 86deg latitudes) with unprecedented accuracy, sampling the Earth's surface at discrete approx.50 m diameter laser footprints spaced 170 m along the altimetry profiles. We apply stringent editing to select the highest quality elevations and use these GCPs to characterize and quantify spatially varying elevation biases in Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). In this paper, we present an evaluation of the soon to be released Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010). Elevation biases and error statistics have been analyzed as a function of land cover and relief. The GMTED2010 products are a large improvement over previous sources of elevation data at comparable resolutions. RMSEs for all products and terrain conditions are below 7 m and typically are about 4 m. The GMTED2010 products are biased upward with respect to the ICESat GCPs on average by approximately 3 m.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Lidar and Radar Mapping 2011: Technologies and Applications","conferenceDate":"May 26-29, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Nanjing, China","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.912776","usgsCitation":"Carabajal, C., Harding, D., Boy, J., Danielson, J.J., Gesch, D., and Suchdeo, V., 2011, Evaluation of the Global Multi-Resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010) using ICESat geodetic control, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 8286, Nanjing, China, May 26-29, 2011, 82861Y, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.912776.","productDescription":"82861Y","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241248,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8286","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cd4e4b0c8380cd52cf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carabajal, C.C.","contributorId":37544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carabajal","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harding, D.J.","contributorId":36723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boy, J.-P.","contributorId":84569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boy","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Danielson, Jeffrey J. 0000-0003-0907-034X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0907-034X","contributorId":40812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gesch, D.B. 0000-0002-8992-4933","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":26886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Suchdeo, V.P.","contributorId":44744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suchdeo","given":"V.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032507,"text":"70032507 - 2011 - Coulomb stress change sensitivity due to variability in mainshock source models and receiving fault parameters: A case study of the 2010-2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:08:44","indexId":"70032507","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coulomb stress change sensitivity due to variability in mainshock source models and receiving fault parameters: A case study of the 2010-2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes","docAbstract":"Strong aftershocks following major earthquakes present significant challenges for infrastructure recovery as well as for emergency rescue efforts. A tragic instance of this is the 22 February 2011 Mw 6.3 Christchurch aftershock in New Zealand, which caused more than 100 deaths while the 2010 Mw 7.1 Canterbury mainshock did not cause a single fatality (Figure 1). Therefore, substantial efforts have been directed toward understanding the generation mechanisms of aftershocks as well as mitigating hazards due to aftershocks. Among these efforts are the prediction of strong aftershocks, earthquake early warning, and aftershock probability assessment. Zhang et al. (1999) reported a successful case of strong aftershock prediction with precursory data such as changes in seismicity pattern, variation of b-value, and geomagnetic anomalies. However, official reports of such successful predictions in geophysical journals are extremely rare, implying that deterministic prediction of potentially damaging aftershocks is not necessarily more scientifically feasible than prediction of mainshocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.82.6.800","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Zhan, Z., Jin, B., Wei, S., and Graves, R.W., 2011, Coulomb stress change sensitivity due to variability in mainshock source models and receiving fault parameters: A case study of the 2010-2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes: Seismological Research Letters, v. 82, no. 6, p. 800-814, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.6.800.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"800","endPage":"814","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213605,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.6.800"}],"country":"New Zealand","city":"Christchurch","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.81,-43.63 ], [ 172.81,-43.39 ], [ 172.39,-43.39 ], [ 172.39,-43.63 ], [ 172.81,-43.63 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"82","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc84e4b0c8380cd4e2c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhan, Zhongwen","contributorId":11491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhan","given":"Zhongwen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jin, Bikai","contributorId":107999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"Bikai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wei, Shengji","contributorId":31652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Shengji","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graves, Robert W. rwgraves@usgs.gov","contributorId":3149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","email":"rwgraves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034296,"text":"70034296 - 2011 - Modeling the height of young forests regenerating from recent disturbances in Mississippi using Landsat and ICESat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T12:48:07","indexId":"70034296","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the height of young forests regenerating from recent disturbances in Mississippi using Landsat and ICESat data","docAbstract":"Many forestry and earth science applications require spatially detailed forest height data sets. Among the various remote sensing technologies, lidar offers the most potential for obtaining reliable height measurement. However, existing and planned spaceborne lidar systems do not have the capability to produce spatially contiguous, fine resolution forest height maps over large areas. This paper describes a Landsat–lidar fusion approach for modeling the height of young forests by integrating historical Landsat observations with lidar data acquired by the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument onboard the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation (ICESat) satellite. In this approach, “young” forests refer to forests reestablished following recent disturbances mapped using Landsat time-series stacks (LTSS) and a vegetation change tracker (VCT) algorithm. The GLAS lidar data is used to retrieve forest height at sample locations represented by the footprints of the lidar data. These samples are used to establish relationships between lidar-based forest height measurements and LTSS–VCT disturbance products. The height of “young” forest is then mapped based on the derived relationships and the LTSS–VCT disturbance products. This approach was developed and tested over the state of Mississippi. Of the various models evaluated, a regression tree model predicting forest height from age since disturbance and three cumulative indices produced by the LTSS–VCT method yielded the lowest cross validation error. The R2 and root mean square difference (RMSD) between predicted and GLAS-based height measurements were 0.91 and 1.97 m, respectively. Predictions of this model had much higher errors than indicated by cross validation analysis when evaluated using field plot data collected through the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program of USDA Forest Service. Much of these errors were due to a lack of separation between stand clearing and non-stand clearing disturbances in current LTSS–VCT products and difficulty in deriving reliable forest height measurements using GLAS samples when terrain relief was present within their footprints. In addition, a systematic underestimation of about 5 m by the developed model was also observed, half of which could be explained by forest growth that occurred between field measurement year and model target year. The remaining difference suggests that tree height measurements derived using waveform lidar data could be significantly underestimated, especially for young pine forests. Options for improving the height modeling approach developed in this study were discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2011.03.001","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Li, A., Huang, C., Sun, G., Shi, H., Toney, C., Zhu, Z., Rollins, M.G., Goward, S.N., and Masek, J.G., 2011, Modeling the height of young forests regenerating from recent disturbances in Mississippi using Landsat and ICESat data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 115, no. 8, p. 1837-1849, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.03.001.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1837","endPage":"1849","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216851,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.03.001"}],"volume":"115","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c46e4b0c8380cd6fb68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Ainong","contributorId":202742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Ainong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Chengquan 0000-0003-0055-9798","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0055-9798","contributorId":198972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Chengquan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7261,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sun, Guoqing","contributorId":202743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Guoqing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shi, Hua 0000-0001-7013-1565 hshi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-1565","contributorId":646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shi","given":"Hua","email":"hshi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Toney, Chris","contributorId":86598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toney","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rollins, Matthew G.","contributorId":54695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rollins","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goward, Samuel N.","contributorId":44459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goward","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Masek, Jeffery G.","contributorId":87438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masek","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70034298,"text":"70034298 - 2011 - Modules based on the geochemical model PHREEQC for use in scripting and programming languages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T21:01:44.751501","indexId":"70034298","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modules based on the geochemical model PHREEQC for use in scripting and programming languages","docAbstract":"The geochemical model PHREEQC is capable of simulating a wide range of equilibrium reactions between water and minerals, ion exchangers, surface complexes, solid solutions, and gases. It also has a general kinetic formulation that allows modeling of nonequilibrium mineral dissolution and precipitation, microbial reactions, decomposition of organic compounds, and other kinetic reactions. To facilitate use of these reaction capabilities in scripting languages and other models, PHREEQC has been implemented in modules that easily interface with other software. A Microsoft COM (component object model) has been implemented, which allows PHREEQC to be used by any software that can interface with a COM server—for example, Excel®, Visual Basic®, Python, or MATLAB®. PHREEQC has been converted to a C++ class, which can be included in programs written in C++. The class also has been compiled in libraries for Linux and Windows that allow PHREEQC to be called from C++, C, and Fortran. A limited set of methods implements the full reaction capabilities of PHREEQC for each module. Input methods use strings or files to define reaction calculations in exactly the same formats used by PHREEQC. Output methods provide a table of user-selected model results, such as concentrations, activities, saturation indices, and densities. The PHREEQC module can add geochemical reaction capabilities to surface-water, groundwater, and watershed transport models. It is possible to store and manipulate solution compositions and reaction information for many cells within the module. In addition, the object-oriented nature of the PHREEQC modules simplifies implementation of parallel processing for reactive-transport models. The PHREEQC COM module may be used in scripting languages to fit parameters; to plot PHREEQC results for field, laboratory, or theoretical investigations; or to develop new models that include simple or complex geochemical calculations.
Estimation of extreme quantal‐response statistics, such as the concentration required to kill 99.9% of test subjects (LC99.9), remains a challenge in the presence of multiple covariates and complex study designs. Accurate and precise estimates of the LC99.9 for mixtures of toxicants are critical to ongoing control of a parasitic invasive species, the sea lamprey, in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. The toxicity of those chemicals is affected by local and temporal variations in water chemistry, which must be incorporated into the modeling. We develop multilevel empirical Bayes models for data from multiple laboratory studies. Our approach yields more accurate and precise estimation of the LC99.9 compared to alternative models considered. This study demonstrates that properly incorporating hierarchical structure in laboratory data yields better estimates of LC99.9 stream treatment values that are critical to larvae control in the field. In addition, out‐of‐sample prediction of the results of in situ tests reveals the presence of a latent seasonal effect not manifest in the laboratory studies, suggesting avenues for future study and illustrating the importance of dual consideration of both experimental and observational data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1541-0420.2011.01566.x","issn":"0006341X","usgsCitation":"Hatfield, L., Gutreuter, S., Boogaard, M., and Carlin, B., 2011, Multilevel empirical bayes modeling for improved estimation of toxicant formulations to suppress parasitic sea lamprey in the upper Great Lakes: Biometrics, v. 67, no. 3, p. 1153-1162, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2011.01566.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1153","endPage":"1162","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475356,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3111860","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6028e4b0c8380cd7131c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatfield, L.A.","contributorId":51579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutreuter, S.","contributorId":79829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boogaard, M.A.","contributorId":92994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boogaard","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlin, B.P.","contributorId":74227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlin","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034303,"text":"70034303 - 2011 - Calibration of Nu-Instruments Noblesse multicollector mass spectrometers for argon isotopic measurements using a newly developed reference gas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T20:24:55.156752","indexId":"70034303","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration of Nu-Instruments Noblesse multicollector mass spectrometers for argon isotopic measurements using a newly developed reference gas","docAbstract":"The greatest challenge limiting 40Ar/39Ar multicollection measurements is the availability of appropriate standard gasses to intercalibrate detectors. In particular, use of zoom lens ion-optics to steer and focus ion beams into a fixed detector array (i.e., Nu Instruments Noblesse) makes intercalibration of multiple detectors challenging because different ion-optic tuning conditions are required for optimal peak shape and sensitivity at different mass stations. We have found that detector efficiency and mass discrimination are affected by changes in ion-optic tuning parameters. Reliance upon an atmospheric Ar standard to calibrate the Noblesse is problematic because there is no straightforward way to relate atmospheric 40Ar and 36Ar to measurements of 40Ar and 39Ar if they are measured on separate detectors. After exploring alternative calibration approaches, we have concluded that calibration of the Noblesse is best performed using exactly the same source, detector, and ion-optic tuning settings as those used in routine 40Ar/39Ar analysis. To accomplish this, we have developed synthetic reference gasses containing 40Ar, 39Ar and 38Ar produced by mixing gasses derived from neutron-irradiated sanidine with an enriched 38Ar spike. We present a new method for calibrating the Noblesse based on use of both atmospheric Ar and the synthetic reference gasses. By combining atmospheric Ar and synthetic reference gas in different ways, we can directly measure 40Ar/39Ar, 38Ar/39Ar, and 36Ar/39Ar correction factors over ratios that vary from 0.5 to 460. These correction factors are reproducible to better than ± 0.5‰ (2σ standard error) over intervals spanning ~ 24 h but can vary systematically by ~ 4% over 2 weeks of continuous use when electron multiplier settings are held constant. Monitoring this variation requires daily calibration of the instrument. Application of the calibration method to 40Ar/39Ar multicollection measurements of widely used sanidine reference materials ACs-2, FCs-2, and TCs-2 demonstrate that calculated 40Ar*/39ArK can be accurately corrected to yield model 40Ar/39Ar ages consistent with those reported by Earthtime 40Ar/39Ar laboratories. Replicate analyses of 8–12 single-crystal sanidine ages are reproduced to within 1–2‰ (2σ standard error) under optimal analytical conditions. This calibration technique is applicable over a wide range of isotopic ratios and signal sizes. Finally, the reference gas has the added advantage of facilitating straightforward characterization of electron multiplier dead time over a wide dynamic range.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.09.003","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Coble, M., Grove, M., and Calvert, A., 2011, Calibration of Nu-Instruments Noblesse multicollector mass spectrometers for argon isotopic measurements using a newly developed reference gas: Chemical Geology, v. 290, no. 1-2, p. 75-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.09.003.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"87","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216947,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.09.003"}],"volume":"290","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f311e4b0c8380cd4b5a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coble, M.A.","contributorId":52012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coble","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grove, M.","contributorId":65271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvert, A.T.","contributorId":49969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034305,"text":"70034305 - 2011 - Modeled sources, transport, and accumulation of dissolved solids in water resources of the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-23T12:37:59.70788","indexId":"70034305","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeled sources, transport, and accumulation of dissolved solids in water resources of the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"Information on important source areas for dissolved solids in streams of the southwestern United States, the relative share of deliveries of dissolved solids to streams from natural and human sources, and the potential for salt accumulation in soil or groundwater was developed using a SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes model. Predicted area‐normalized reach‐catchment delivery rates of dissolved solids to streams ranged from <10 (kg/year)/km2 for catchments with little or no natural or human‐related solute sources in them to 563,000 (kg/year)/km2 for catchments that were almost entirely cultivated land. For the region as a whole, geologic units contributed 44% of the dissolved‐solids deliveries to streams and the remaining 56% of the deliveries came from the release of solutes through irrigation of cultivated and pasture lands, which comprise only 2.5% of the land area. Dissolved‐solids accumulation is manifested as precipitated salts in the soil or underlying sediments, and (or) dissolved salts in soil‐pore or sediment‐pore water, or groundwater, and therefore represents a potential for aquifer contamination. Accumulation rates were <10,000 (kg/year)/km2 for many hydrologic accounting units (large river basins), but were more than 40,000 (kg/year)/km2 for the Middle Gila, Lower Gila‐Agua Fria, Lower Gila, Lower Bear, Great Salt Lake accounting units, and 247,000 (kg/year)/km2 for the Salton Sea accounting unit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00579.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Anning, D., 2011, Modeled sources, transport, and accumulation of dissolved solids in water resources of the southwestern United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 1087-1109, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00579.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1087","endPage":"1109","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475328,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00579.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.2919921875,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -108.017578125,\n 31.39115752282472\n ],\n [\n -108.2373046875,\n 31.914867503276223\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -110.478515625,\n 42.90816007196054\n ],\n [\n -122.56347656249999,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -121.33300781249999,\n 38.65119833229951\n ],\n [\n -118.95996093749999,\n 35.639441068973944\n ],\n [\n -120.89355468749999,\n 34.45221847282654\n ],\n [\n -118.16894531249999,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -116.93847656250001,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 32.39851580247402\n ],\n [\n -114.6533203125,\n 32.65787573695528\n ],\n [\n -110.91796875,\n 31.316101383495624\n ],\n [\n -109.2919921875,\n 31.353636941500987\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bbae4b0c8380cd6f775","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anning, D.W.","contributorId":6905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anning","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70034310,"text":"70034310 - 2011 - Wave characteristic and morphologic effects on the onshore hydrodynamic response of tsunamis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-16T11:04:17","indexId":"70034310","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1262,"text":"Coastal Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave characteristic and morphologic effects on the onshore hydrodynamic response of tsunamis","docAbstract":"While the destruction caused by a tsunami can vary significantly owing to near- and onshore controls, we have only a limited quantitative understanding of how different local parameters influence the onshore response of tsunamis. Here, a numerical model based on the non-linear shallow water equations is first shown to agree well with analytical expressions developed for periodic long waves inundating over planar slopes. More than 13,000 simulations are then conducted to examine the effects variations in the wave characteristics, bed slopes, and bottom roughness have on maximum tsunami run-up and water velocity at the still water shoreline. While deviations from periodic waves and planar slopes affect the onshore dynamics, the details of these effects depend on a combination of factors. In general, the effects differ for breaking and non-breaking waves, and are related to the relative shift of the waves along the breaking–non-breaking wave continuum. Variations that shift waves toward increased breaking, such as steeper wave fronts, tend to increase the onshore impact of non-breaking waves, but decrease the impact of already breaking waves. The onshore impact of a tsunami composed of multiple waves can be different from that of a single wave tsunami, with the largest difference occurring on long, shallow onshore topographies. These results demonstrate that the onshore response of a tsunami is complex, and that using analytical expressions derived from simplified conditions may not always be appropriate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.06.002","issn":"03783839","usgsCitation":"Apotsos, A., Jaffe, B., and Gelfenbaum, G., 2011, Wave characteristic and morphologic effects on the onshore hydrodynamic response of tsunamis: Coastal Engineering, v. 58, no. 11, p. 1034-1048, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.06.002.","startPage":"1034","endPage":"1048","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216585,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.06.002"},{"id":244465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf8be4b08c986b32e96e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apotsos, A.","contributorId":68989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apotsos","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, B.","contributorId":78517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034311,"text":"70034311 - 2011 - Bedform response to flow variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T19:04:41.185246","indexId":"70034311","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bedform response to flow variability","docAbstract":"Laboratory observations and computational results for the response of bedform fields to rapid variations in discharge are compared and discussed. The simple case considered here begins with a relatively low discharge over a flat bed on which bedforms are initiated, followed by a short high‐flow period with double the original discharge, during which the morphology of the bedforms adjusts, followed in turn by a relatively long period of the original low discharge. For the grain size and hydraulic conditions selected, the Froude number remains subcritical during the experiment, and sediment moves predominantly as bedload. Observations show rapid development of quasi‐two‐dimensional bedforms during the initial period of low flow with increasing wavelength and height over the initial low‐flow period. When the flow increases, the bedforms rapidly increase in wavelength and height, as expected from other empirical results. When the flow decreases back to the original discharge, the height of the bedforms quickly decreases in response, but the wavelength decreases much more slowly. Computational results using an unsteady two‐dimensional flow model coupled to a disequilibrium bedload transport model for the same conditions simulate the formation and initial growth of the bedforms fairly accurately and also predict an increase in dimensions during the high‐flow period. However, the computational model predicts a much slower rate of wavelength increase, and also performs less accurately during the final low‐flow period, where the wavelength remains essentially constant, rather than decreasing. In addition, the numerical results show less variability in bedform wavelength and height than the measured values; the bedform shape is also somewhat different. Based on observations, these discrepancies may result from the simplified model for sediment particle step lengths used in the computational approach. Experiments show that the particle step length varies spatially and temporally over the bedforms during the evolution process. Assuming a constant value for the step length neglects the role of flow alterations in the bedload sediment‐transport process, which appears to result in predicted bedform wavelength changes smaller than those observed. However, observations also suggest that three‐dimensional effects play at least some role in the decrease of bedform wavelength, so incorporating better models for particle hop lengths alone may not be sufficient to improve model predictions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.2212","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Nelson, J.M., Logan, B., Kinzel, P., Shimizu, Y., Giri, S., Shreve, R., and McLean, S., 2011, Bedform response to flow variability: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 36, no. 14, p. 1938-1947, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2212.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1938","endPage":"1947","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216586,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.2212"}],"volume":"36","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f041e4b0c8380cd4a69f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, J. M.","contributorId":68687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Logan, B.L.","contributorId":17349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kinzel, P.J.","contributorId":27834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shimizu, Y.","contributorId":88177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shimizu","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Giri, S.","contributorId":32749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shreve, R.L.","contributorId":105536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shreve","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McLean, S.R.","contributorId":84937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"S.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034312,"text":"70034312 - 2011 - Natural and human dimensions of a quasi-wild species: The case of kudzu","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T18:59:28.274512","indexId":"70034312","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural and human dimensions of a quasi-wild species: The case of kudzu","docAbstract":"The human dimensions of biotic invasion are generally poorly understood, even among the most familiar invasive species. Kudzu (Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr.) is a prominent invasive plant and an example of quasi-wild species, which has experienced repeated introduction, cultivation, and escape back to the wild. Here, we review a large body of primary scientific and historic records spanning thousands of years to characterize the complex relationships among kudzu, its natural enemies, and humans, and provide a synthesis and conceptual model relevant to the ecology and management of quasi-wild invasive species. We documented over 350, mostly insect, natural enemy species and their impacts on kudzu in its native East Asian range. These natural enemies play a minor role in limiting kudzu in its native range, rarely generating severe impacts on populations of wild kudzu. We identified a number of significant influences of humans including dispersal, diverse cultural selection, and facilitation through disturbances, which catalyzed the expansion and exuberance of kudzu. On the other hand, harvest by humans appears to be the major control mechanism in its native areas. Humans thus have a complex relationship with kudzu. They have acted as both friend and foe, affecting the distribution and abundance of kudzu in ways that vary across its range and over time. Our conceptual model of kudzu emphasizes the importance of multiple human dimensions in shaping the biogeography of a species and illustrates how kudzu and other quasi-wild species are more likely to be successful invaders.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10530-011-0042-7","issn":"13873547","usgsCitation":"Li, Z., Dong, Q., Albright, T.P., and Guo, Q., 2011, Natural and human dimensions of a quasi-wild species: The case of kudzu: Biological Invasions, v. 13, no. 10, p. 2167-2179, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0042-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2167","endPage":"2179","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216613,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0042-7"}],"volume":"13","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a62d7e4b0c8380cd7213a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Z.","contributorId":29160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dong, Q.","contributorId":39152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albright, Thomas P.","contributorId":78114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albright","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034313,"text":"70034313 - 2011 - Predicting breeding habitat for amphibians: A spatiotemporal analysis across Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T17:01:03.465858","indexId":"70034313","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting breeding habitat for amphibians: A spatiotemporal analysis across Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"The ability to predict amphibian breeding across landscapes is important for informing land management decisions and helping biologists better understand and remediate factors contributing to declines in amphibian populations. We built geospatial models of likely breeding habitats for each of four amphibian species that breed in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). We used field data collected in 2000–2002 from 497 sites among 16 basins and predictor variables from geospatial models produced from remotely sensed data (e.g., digital elevation model, complex topographic index, landform data, wetland probability, and vegetative cover). Except for 31 sites in one basin that were surveyed in both 2000 and 2002, all sites were surveyed once. We used polytomous regression to build statistical models for each species of amphibian from (1) field survey site data only, (2) field data combined with data from geospatial models, and (3) data from geospatial models only. Based on measures of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) scores, models of the second type best explained likely breeding habitat because they contained the most information (ROC values ranged from 0.70 to 0.88). However, models of the third type could be applied to the entire YNP landscape and produced maps that could be verified with reserve field data. Accuracy rates for models built for single years were highly variable, ranging from 0.30 to 0.78. Accuracy rates for models built with data combined from multiple years were higher and less variable, ranging from 0.60 to 0.80. Combining results from the geospatial multiyear models yielded maps of “core” breeding areas (areas with high probability values for all three years) surrounded by areas that scored high for only one or two years, providing an estimate of variability among years. Such information can highlight landscape options for amphibian conservation. For example, our models identify alternative areas that could be protected for each species, including 6828–10 764 ha for tiger salamanders, 971–3017 ha for western toads, 4732–16 696 ha for boreal chorus frogs, and 4940–19 690 ha for Columbia spotted frogs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/10-1261.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Bartelt, P.E., Gallant, A.L., Klaver, R.W., Wright, C., Patla, D.A., and Peterson, C.R., 2011, Predicting breeding habitat for amphibians: A spatiotemporal analysis across Yellowstone National Park: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 7, p. 2530-2547, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1261.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2530","endPage":"2547","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475420,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1261.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216614,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1261.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0772705078125,\n 44.18614312298759\n ],\n [\n -109.8907470703125,\n 44.18614312298759\n ],\n [\n -109.8907470703125,\n 45.092913646051144\n ],\n [\n -111.0772705078125,\n 45.092913646051144\n ],\n [\n -111.0772705078125,\n 44.18614312298759\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81aae4b0c8380cd7b670","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartelt, Paul E.","contributorId":18895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartelt","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, C.K.","contributorId":25780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patla, Debra A.","contributorId":40059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patla","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Charles R.","contributorId":95738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034314,"text":"70034314 - 2011 - Mars: the evolutionary history of the northern lowlands based on crater counting and geologic mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-06T09:58:39","indexId":"70034314","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mars: the evolutionary history of the northern lowlands based on crater counting and geologic mapping","docAbstract":"The geologic history of planetary surfaces is most effectively determined by joining geologic mapping and crater counting which provides an iterative, qualitative and quantitative method for defining relative ages and absolute model ages. Based on this approach, we present spatial and temporal details regarding the evolution of the Martian northern plains and surrounding regions.
\nThe highland–lowland boundary (HLB) formed during the pre-Noachian and was subsequently modified through various processes. The Nepenthes Mensae unit along the northern margins of the cratered highlands, was formed by HLB scarp-erosion, deposition of sedimentary and volcanic materials, and dissection by surface runoff between 3.81 and 3.65 Ga. Ages for giant polygons in Utopia and Acidalia Planitiae are ~ 3.75 Ga and likely reflect the age of buried basement rocks. These buried lowland surfaces are comparable in age to those located closer to the HLB, where a much thinner, post-HLB deposit is mapped. The emplacement of the most extensive lowland surfaces ended between 3.75 and 3.4 Ga, based on densities of craters generally View the MathML source> 3 km in diameter. Results from the polygonal terrain support the existence of a major lowland depocenter shortly after the pre-Noachian formation of the northern lowlands. In general, northern plains surfaces show gradually younger ages at lower elevations, consistent local to regional unit emplacement and resurfacing between 3.6 and 2.6 Ga. Elevation levels and morphology are not necessarily related, and variations in ages within the mapped units are found, especially in units formed and modified by multiple geological processes. Regardless, most of the youngest units in the northern lowlands are considered to be lavas, polar ice, or thick mantle deposits, arguing against the ocean theory during the Amazonian Period (younger than about 3.15 Ga).
\nAll ages measured in the closest vicinity of the steep dichotomy escarpment are also 3.7 Ga or older. The formation ages of volcanic flanks at the HLB (e.g., Alba Mons (3.6–3.4 Ga) and the last fan at Apollinaris Mons, 3.71 Ga) may give additional temporal constraint for the possible existence of any kind of Martian ocean before about 3.7 Ga. It seems to reflect the termination of a large-scale, precipitation-based hydrological cycle and major geologic processes related to such cycling.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2011.03.022","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Werner, S., Tanaka, K.L., and Skinner, J., 2011, Mars: the evolutionary history of the northern lowlands based on crater counting and geologic mapping: Planetary and Space Science, v. 59, no. 11-12, p. 1143-1165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2011.03.022.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1165","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2011.03.022"},{"id":244524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"59","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a522ae4b0c8380cd6c1ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werner, S.C.","contributorId":22170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skinner, J.A. Jr.","contributorId":80395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034678,"text":"70034678 - 2011 - Potential effects of alpha-recoil on uranium-series dating of calcrete","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T12:53:12","indexId":"70034678","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of alpha-recoil on uranium-series dating of calcrete","docAbstract":"Evaluation of paleosol ages in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, at the time the site of a proposed high-level nuclear waste repository, is important for fault-displacement hazard assessment. Uranium-series isotope data were obtained for surface and subsurface calcrete samples from trenches and boreholes in Midway Valley, Nevada, adjacent to Yucca Mountain. 230Th/U ages of 33 surface samples range from 1.3 to 423 thousand years (ka) and the back-calculated 234U/238U initial activity ratios (AR) are relatively constant with a mean value of 1.54 ± 0.15 (1σ), which is consistent with the closed-system behavior. Subsurface calcrete samples are too old to be dated by the 230Th/U method. U-Pb data for post-pedogenic botryoidal opal from a subsurface calcrete sample show that these subsurface calcrete samples are older than ~ 1.65 million years (Ma), old enough to have attained secular equilibrium had their U-Th systems remained closed. However, subsurface calcrete samples show U-series disequilibrium indicating open-system behavior of 238U daughter isotopes, in contrast with the surface calcrete, where open-system behavior is not evident. Data for 21 subsurface calcrete samples yielded calculable 234U/238U model ages ranging from 130 to 1875 ka (assuming an initial AR of 1.54 ± 0.15, the mean value calculated for the surface calcrete samples). A simple model describing continuous α-recoil loss predicts that the 234U/238U and 230Th/238U ARs reach steady-state values ~ 2 Ma after calcrete formation. Potential effects of open-system behavior on 230Th/U ages and initial 234U/238U ARs for younger surface calcrete were estimated using data for old subsurface calcrete samples with the 234U loss and assuming that the total time of water-rock interaction is the only difference between these soils. The difference between the conventional closed-system and open-system ages may exceed errors of the calculated conventional ages for samples older than ~ 250 ka, but is negligible for younger soils.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.01.013","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Neymark, L., 2011, Potential effects of alpha-recoil on uranium-series dating of calcrete: Chemical Geology, v. 282, no. 3-4, p. 98-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.01.013.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215895,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.01.013"},{"id":243730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"282","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ec9e4b0c8380cd7a74d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032508,"text":"70032508 - 2011 - Macroscopic biofilms in fracture-dominated sediment that anaerobically oxidize methane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032508","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macroscopic biofilms in fracture-dominated sediment that anaerobically oxidize methane","docAbstract":"Methane release from seafloor sediments is moderated, in part, by the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) performed by consortia of archaea and bacteria. These consortia occur as isolated cells and aggregates within the sulfate-methane transition (SMT) of diffusion and seep-dominant environments. Here we report on a new SMT setting where the AOM consortium occurs as macroscopic pink to orange biofilms within subseafloor fractures. Biofilm samples recovered from the Indian and northeast Pacific Oceans had a cellular abundance of 10 7 to 10 8 cells cm -3. This cell density is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude greater than that in the surrounding sediments. Sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes indicated that the bacterial component is dominated by Deltaproteobacteria, candidate division WS3, and Chloroflexi, representing 46%, 15%, and 10% of clones, respectively. In addition, major archaeal taxa found in the biofilm were related to the ANME-1 clade, Thermoplasmatales, and Desulfurococcales, representing 73%, 11%, and 10% of archaeal clones, respectively. The sequences of all major taxa were similar to sequences previously reported from cold seep environments. PhyloChip microarray analysis detected all bacterial phyla identified by the clone library plus an additional 44 phyla. However, sequencing detected more archaea than the PhyloChip within the phyla of Methanosarcinales and Desulfurococcales. The stable carbon isotope composition of the biofilm from the SMT (-35 to-43%) suggests that the production of the biofilm is associated with AOM. These biofilms are a novel, but apparently widespread, aggregation of cells represented by the ANME-1 clade that occur in methane-rich marine sediments. ?? 2011, American Society for Microbiology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1128/AEM.00288-11","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Briggs, B., Pohlman, J., Torres, M., Riedel, M., Brodie, E., and Colwell, F., 2011, Macroscopic biofilms in fracture-dominated sediment that anaerobically oxidize methane: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 77, no. 19, p. 6780-6787, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00288-11.","startPage":"6780","endPage":"6787","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475069,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3187087","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213634,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00288-11"},{"id":241280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b25e4b0c8380cd69317","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, B.R.","contributorId":89728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pohlman, J. W. 0000-0002-3563-4586","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-4586","contributorId":38362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torres, M.","contributorId":8668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riedel, M.","contributorId":65268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brodie, E.L.","contributorId":9075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brodie","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Colwell, F.S.","contributorId":38783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colwell","given":"F.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034326,"text":"70034326 - 2011 - Characteristics of foraging sites and protein status in wintering muskoxen: insights from isotopes of nitrogen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T10:13:21","indexId":"70034326","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of foraging sites and protein status in wintering muskoxen: insights from isotopes of nitrogen","docAbstract":"Identifying links between nutritional condition of individuals and population trajectories greatly enhances our understanding of the ecology, conservation, and management of wildlife. For northern ungulates, the potential impacts of a changing climate to populations are predicted to be nutritionally mediated through an increase in the severity and variance in winter conditions. Foraging conditions and the availability of body protein as a store for reproduction in late winter may constrain productivity in northern ungulates, yet the link between characteristics of wintering habitats and protein status has not been established for a wild ungulate. We used a non‐invasive proxy of protein status derived from isotopes of N in excreta to evaluate the influence of winter habitats on the protein status of muskoxen in three populations in Alaska (2005–2008). Multiple regression and an information‐theoretic approach were used to compare models that evaluated the influence of population, year, and characteristics of foraging sites (components of diet and physiography) on protein status for groups of muskoxen. The observed variance in protein status among groups of muskoxen across populations and years was partially explained (45%) by local foraging conditions that affected forage availability. Protein status improved for groups of muskoxen as the amount of graminoids in the diet increased (−0.430 ± 0.31, β± 95% CI) and elevation of foraging sites decreased (0.824 ± 0.67). Resources available for reproduction in muskoxen are highly dependent upon demographic, environmental, and physiographic constraints that affect forage availability in winter. Due to their very sedentary nature in winter, muskoxen are highly susceptible to localized foraging conditions; therefore, the spatial variance in resource availability may exert a strong effect on productivity. Consequently, there is a clear need to account for climate–topography effects in winter at multiple scales when predicting the potential impacts of climatic shifts on population trajectories of muskoxen.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19215.x","usgsCitation":"Gustine, D.D., Barboza, P.S., Lawler, J.P., Arthur, S.M., Shults, B.S., Persons, K., and Adams, L., 2011, Characteristics of foraging sites and protein status in wintering muskoxen: insights from isotopes of nitrogen: Oikos, v. 120, no. 10, p. 1546-1556, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19215.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1546","endPage":"1556","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f498e4b0c8380cd4bde6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gustine, David D. dgustine@usgs.gov","contributorId":3776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustine","given":"David","email":"dgustine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barboza, Perry S.","contributorId":36454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barboza","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawler, James P.","contributorId":140458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawler","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arthur, Stephen M.","contributorId":189438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arthur","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shults, Brad S.","contributorId":46413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shults","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Persons, Kate","contributorId":203273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Persons","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034680,"text":"70034680 - 2011 - Occupancy and abundance of wintering birds in a dynamic agricultural landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-13T20:08:40.437726","indexId":"70034680","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occupancy and abundance of wintering birds in a dynamic agricultural landscape","docAbstract":"Effective monitoring programs are designed to track changes in the distribution, occurrence, and abundance of species. We developed an extension of Royle and Kéry's (2007) single species model to estimate simultaneously temporal changes in probabilities of detection, occupancy, colonization, extinction, and species turnover using data on calling anuran amphibians, collected from 2002 to 2006 in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Louisiana, USA. During our 5‐year study, estimates of occurrence probabilities declined for all 12 species detected. These declines occurred primarily in conjunction with variation in estimates of local extinction probabilities (cajun chorus frog [Pseudacris fouquettei], spring peeper [P. crucifer], northern cricket frog [Acris crepitans], Cope's gray treefrog [Hyla chrysoscelis], green treefrog [H. cinerea], squirrel treefrog [H. squirella], southern leopard frog [Lithobates sphenocephalus], bronze frog [L. clamitans], American bullfrog [L. catesbeianus], and Fowler's toad [Anaxyrus fowleri]). For 2 species (eastern narrow‐mouthed toad [Gastrophryne carolinensis] and Gulf Coast toad [Incilius nebulifer]), declines in occupancy appeared to be a consequence of both increased local extinction and decreased colonization events. The eastern narrow‐mouthed toad experienced a 2.5‐fold increase in estimates of occupancy in 2004, possibly because of the high amount of rainfall received during that year, along with a decrease in extinction and increase in colonization of new sites between 2003 and 2004. Our model can be incorporated into monitoring programs to estimate simultaneously the occupancy dynamics for multiple species that show similar responses to ecological conditions. It will likely be an important asset for those monitoring programs that employ the same methods to sample assemblages of ecologically similar species, including those that are rare. By combining information from multiple species to decrease the variance on estimates of individual species, our results are advantageous compared to single‐species models. This feature enables managers and researchers to use an entire community, rather than just one species, as an ecological indicator in monitoring programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.98","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Miller, M., Pearlstine, E., Dorazio, R., and Mazzotti, F., 2011, Occupancy and abundance of wintering birds in a dynamic agricultural landscape: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 4, p. 751-761, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.98.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"751","endPage":"761","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215924,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.97"}],"volume":"75","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b17e4b0c8380cd744f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M.W.","contributorId":57012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearlstine, E.V.","contributorId":15857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearlstine","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":172151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazzotti, F.J.","contributorId":10136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032586,"text":"70032586 - 2011 - Rapid assessment of rice seed availability for wildlife in harvested fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:45:09","indexId":"70032586","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid assessment of rice seed availability for wildlife in harvested fields","docAbstract":"Rice seed remaining in commercial fields after harvest (waste rice) is a critical food resource for wintering waterfowl in rice-growing regions of North America. Accurate and precise estimates of the seed mass density of waste rice are essential for planning waterfowl wintering habitat extents and management. In the Sacramento Valley of California, USA, the existing method for obtaining estimates of availability of waste rice in harvested fields produces relatively precise estimates, but the labor-, time-, and machineryintensive process is not practical for routine assessments needed to examine long-term trends in waste rice availability. We tested several experimental methods designed to rapidly derive estimates that would not be burdened with disadvantages of the existing method. We first conducted a simulation study of the efficiency of each method and then conducted field tests. For each approach, methods did not vary in root mean squared error, although some methods did exhibit bias for both simulations and field tests. Methods also varied substantially in the time to conduct each sample and in the number of samples required to detect a standard trend. Overall, modified line-intercept methods performed well for estimating the density of rice seeds. Waste rice in the straw, although not measured directly, can be accounted for by a positive relationship with density of rice on the ground. Rapid assessment of food availability is a useful tool to help waterfowl managers establish and implement wetland restoration and agricultural habitat-enhancement goals for wintering waterfowl. ?? 2011 The Wildlife Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/wsb.72","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Halstead, B., Miller, M.R., Casazza, M.L., Coates, P., Farinha, M., Gustafson, K., Yee, J., and Fleskes, J., 2011, Rapid assessment of rice seed availability for wildlife in harvested fields: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 35, no. 4, p. 377-393, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.72.","startPage":"377","endPage":"393","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":499969,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/3dd325f7712449b282798b80a1231fed","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213759,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.72"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94c2e4b0c8380cd815db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halstead, B.J.","contributorId":42045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coates, P.S.","contributorId":56047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farinha, M.A.","contributorId":76146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farinha","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gustafson, K. Benjamin","contributorId":66493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"K. Benjamin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yee, J.L.","contributorId":25496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fleskes, J. P.","contributorId":98661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"J. 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We use downscaled outputs from general circulation models coupled with a hydrologic model to forecast the effects of altered flows and increased temperatures on four interacting species of trout across the interior western United States (1.01 million km2), based on empirical statistical models built from fish surveys at 9,890 sites. Projections under the 2080s A1B emissions scenario forecast a mean 47% decline in total suitable habitat for all trout, a group of fishes of major socioeconomic and ecological significance. We project that native cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii, already excluded from much of its potential range by nonnative species, will lose a further 58% of habitat due to an increase in temperatures beyond the species' physiological optima and continued negative biotic interactions. Habitat for nonnative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta is predicted to decline by 77% and 48%, respectively, driven by increases in temperature and winter flood frequency caused by warmer, rainier winters. Habitat for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is projected to decline the least (35%) because negative temperature effects are partly offset by flow regime shifts that benefit the species. These results illustrate how drivers other than temperature influence species response to climate change. Despite some uncertainty, large declines in trout habitat are likely, but our findings point to opportunities for strategic targeting of mitigation efforts to appropriate stressors and locations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1103097108","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Wenger, S., Isaak, D., Luce, C., Neville, H., Fausch, K., Dunham, J., Dauwalter, D., Young, M., Elsner, M., Rieman, B., Hamlet, A., and Williams, J., 2011, Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 108, no. 34, p. 14175-14180, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1103097108.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"14175","endPage":"14180","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475397,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3161569","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216976,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1103097108"},{"id":244881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"108","issue":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a124ee4b0c8380cd5425f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wenger, S.J.","contributorId":51883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenger","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isaak, D.J.","contributorId":77326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaak","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luce, C.H.","contributorId":81057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luce","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neville, H.M.","contributorId":79836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neville","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fausch, K.D. 0000-0001-5825-7560","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5825-7560","contributorId":84097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fausch","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dunham, J. 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We transported elk from Elk Island National Park, Alberta, Canada, and from Land Between the Lakes, Kentucky, and reintroduced them beginning in December 2000 and ending in February 2003. We estimated annual survival rates for 156 radio-collared elk from December 2000 until November 2004. We used data from a nearby elk herd in Great Smoky Mountains National Park to simulate pessimistic and optimistic recruitment and performed population viability analyses to evaluate sustainability over a 25-year period. Annual survival averaged 0.799 (Total SE = 0.023). The primary identifiable sources of mortality were poaching, disease from meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis), and accidents (environmental causes and unintentional harvest). Population growth given pessimistic recruitment rates averaged 0.895 over 25 years (0.955 in year 1 to 0.880 in year 25); population growth was not sustainable in 100% of the runs. With the most optimistic estimates of recruitment, mean λ increased to 0.967 (1.038 in year 1 to 0.956 in year 25) with 99.6% of the runs failing to be sustainable. We suggest that further translocation efforts to increase herd size will be ineffective unless survival rates are increased in the Cumberland Mountains.
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To be most effective, these areas should be strategically located in a manner that supports ecosystem function. To inform marine spatial planning and support strategic establishment of MPAs within the California Current System, we identified areas predicted to support multispecies aggregations of seabirds (“hotspots”). We developed habitat‐association models for 16 species using information from at‐sea observations collected over an 11‐year period (1997–2008), bathymetric data, and remotely sensed oceanographic data for an area from north of Vancouver Island, Canada, to the USA/Mexico border and seaward 600 km from the coast. This approach enabled us to predict distribution and abundance of seabirds even in areas of few or no surveys. We developed single‐species predictive models using a machine‐learning algorithm: bagged decision trees. Single‐species predictions were then combined to identify potential hotspots of seabird aggregation, using three criteria: (1) overall abundance among species, (2) importance of specific areas (“core areas”) to individual species, and (3) predicted persistence of hotspots across years. Model predictions were applied to the entire California Current for four seasons (represented by February, May, July, and October) in each of 11 years. Overall, bathymetric variables were often important predictive variables, whereas oceanographic variables derived from remotely sensed data were generally less important. Predicted hotspots often aligned with currently protected areas (e.g., National Marine Sanctuaries), but we also identified potential hotspots in Northern California/Southern Oregon (from Cape Mendocino to Heceta Bank), Southern California (adjacent to the Channel Islands), and adjacent to Vancouver Island, British Columbia, that are not currently included in protected areas. Prioritization and identification of multispecies hotspots will depend on which group of species is of highest management priority. Modeling hotspots at a broad spatial scale can contribute to MPA site selection, particularly if complemented by fine‐scale information for focal areas.
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