{"pageNumber":"779","pageRowStart":"19450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46706,"records":[{"id":70035542,"text":"70035542 - 2009 - Characteristics of Southern California coastal aquifer systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035542","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of Southern California coastal aquifer systems","docAbstract":"Most groundwater produced within coastal Southern California occurs within three main types of siliciclastic basins: (1) deep (&gt;600 m), elongate basins of the Transverse Ranges Physiographic Province, where basin axes and related fluvial systems strike parallel to tectonic structure, (2) deep (&gt;6000 m), broad basins of the Los Angeles and Orange County coastal plains in the northern part of the Peninsular Ranges Physiographic Province, where fluvial systems cut across tectonic structure at high angles, and (3) shallow (75-350 m), relatively narrow fluvial valleys of the generally mountainous southern part of the Peninsular Ranges Physiographic Province in San Diego County. Groundwater pumped for agricultural, industrial, municipal, and private use from coastal aquifers within these basins increased with population growth since the mid-1850s. Despite a significant influx of imported water into the region in recent times, groundwater, although reduced as a component of total consumption, still constitutes a significant component of water supply. Historically, overdraft from the aquifers has caused land surface subsidence, flow between water basins with related migration of groundwater contaminants, as well as seawater intrusion into many shallow coastal aquifers. Although these effects have impacted water quality, most basins, particularly those with deeper aquifer systems, meet or exceed state and national primary and secondary drinking water standards. Municipalities, academicians, and local water and governmental agencies have studied the stratigraphy of these basins intensely since the early 1900s with the goals of understanding and better managing the important groundwater resource. Lack of a coordinated effort, due in part to jurisdictional issues, combined with the application of lithostratigraphic correlation techniques (based primarily on well cuttings coupled with limited borehole geophysics) have produced an often confusing, and occasionally conflicting, litany of names for the various formations, lithofacies, and aquifer systems identified within these basins. Despite these nomenclatural problems, available data show that most basins contain similar sequences of deposits and share similar geologic histories dominated by glacio-eustatic sea-level fluctuations, and overprinted by syndepositional and postdepositional tectonic deformation. Impermeable, indurated mid-Tertiary units typically form the base of each siliciclastic groundwater basin. These units are overlain by stacked sequences of Pliocene to Holocene interbedded marine, paralic, fluvial, and alluvial sediment (weakly indurated, folded, and fractured) that commonly contain the historically named \"80-foot sand,\" \"200-foot sand,\" and \"400-foot gravel\" in the upper part of the section. An unconformity, cut during the latest Pleistocene lowstand (??<sup>18</sup>O stage 2; ca. 18 ka), forms a major sequence boundary that separates these units from the overlying Holocene fluvial sands and gravels. Unconfined aquifers occur in amalgamated coarse facies near the bounding mountains (forebay area). These units are inferred to become lithologically more complex toward the center of the basins and coast line, where interbedded permeable and low-permeability alluvial, fluvial, paralic, and marine facies contain confined aquifers (pressure area). Coastal bounding faults limit intrabasin and/or interbasin flow in parts of many basins. ?? 2009 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2454(5.2)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Edwards, B.D., Hanson, R.T., Reichard, E., and Johnson, T., 2009, Characteristics of Southern California coastal aquifer systems: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 454, p. 319-344, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(5.2).","startPage":"319","endPage":"344","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216366,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(5.2)"},{"id":244230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"454","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f491e4b0c8380cd4bdbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, B. D.","contributorId":27056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, R. T.","contributorId":91148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichard, E.G. 0000-0002-7310-3866","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-3866","contributorId":40635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichard","given":"E.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, T.A.","contributorId":72593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034689,"text":"70034689 - 2009 - Uncertainty in georeferencing current and historic plant locations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034689","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty in georeferencing current and historic plant locations","docAbstract":"With shrinking habitats, weed invasions, and climate change, repeated surveys are becoming increasingly important for rare plant conservation and ecological restoration. We often need to relocate historical sites or provide locations for newly restored sites. Georeferencing is the technique of giving geographic coordinates to the location of a site. Georeferencing has been done historically using verbal descriptions or field maps that accompany voucher collections. New digital technology gives us more exact techniques for mapping and storing location information. Error still exists, however, and even georeferenced locations can be uncertain, especially if error information is not included with the observation. We review the concept of uncertainty in georeferencing and compare several institutional database systems for cataloging error and uncertainty with georeferenced locations. These concepts are widely discussed among geographers, but ecologists and restorationists need to become more aware of issues related to uncertainty to improve our use of spatial information in field studies. ?? 2009 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Restoration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3368/er.27.2.152","issn":"15434079","usgsCitation":"McEachern, K., and Niessen, K., 2009, Uncertainty in georeferencing current and historic plant locations: Ecological Restoration, v. 27, no. 2, p. 152-159, https://doi.org/10.3368/er.27.2.152.","startPage":"152","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215600,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.27.2.152"},{"id":243414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc25e4b08c986b328a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEachern, K.","contributorId":67438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niessen, K.","contributorId":65297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niessen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034685,"text":"70034685 - 2009 - Assessment of water quality trends in the Minnesota River using non-parametric and parametric methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034685","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of water quality trends in the Minnesota River using non-parametric and parametric methods","docAbstract":"Excessive loading of sediment and nutrients to rivers is a major problem in many parts of the United States. In this study, we tested the non-parametric Seasonal Kendall (SEAKEN) trend model and the parametric USGS Quality of Water trend program (QWTREND) to quantify trends in water quality of the Minnesota River at Fort Snelling from 1976 to 2003. Both methods indicated decreasing trends in flow-adjusted concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), and orthophosphorus (OP) and a generally increasing trend in flow-adjusted nitrate plus nitrite-nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub>-N) concentration. The SEAKEN results were strongly influenced by the length of the record as well as extreme years (dry or wet) earlier in the record. The QWTREND results, though influenced somewhat by the same factors, were more stable. The magnitudes of trends between the two methods were somewhat different and appeared to be associated with conceptual differences between the flow-adjustment processes used and with data processing methods. The decreasing trends in TSS, TP, and OP concentrations are likely related to conservation measures implemented in the basin. However, dilution effects from wet climate or additional tile drainage cannot be ruled out. The increasing trend in NO<sub>3</sub>-N concentrations was likely due to increased drainage in the basin. Since the Minnesota River is the main source of sediments to the Mississippi River, this study also addressed the rapid filling of Lake Pepin on the Mississippi River and found the likely cause to be increased flow due to recent wet climate in the region. Copyright ?? 2009 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2008.0250","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Johnson, H., Gupta, S., Vecchia, A.V., and Zvomuya, F., 2009, Assessment of water quality trends in the Minnesota River using non-parametric and parametric methods: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 38, no. 3, p. 1018-1030, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0250.","startPage":"1018","endPage":"1030","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216013,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0250"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee85e4b0c8380cd49dd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, H.O.","contributorId":13796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gupta, S.C.","contributorId":58863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gupta","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vecchia, A. V.","contributorId":23533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zvomuya, F.","contributorId":82942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zvomuya","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036086,"text":"70036086 - 2009 - Characterization of Mars' seasonal caps using neutron spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036086","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of Mars' seasonal caps using neutron spectroscopy","docAbstract":"Mars' seasonal caps are characterized during Mars years 26 and 27 (April 2002 to January 2006) using data acquired by the 2001 Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer. Time-dependent maps of the column abundance of seasonal CO <sub>2</sub> surface ice poleward of 60?? latitude in both hemispheres are determined from spatially deconvolved, epithermal neutron counting data. Sources of systematic error are analyzed, including spatial blurring by the spectrometer's broad footprint and the seasonal variations in the abundance of noncondensable gas at high southern latitudes, which are found to be consistent with results reported by Sprague et al. (2004, 2007). Corrections for spatial blurring are found to be important during the recession, when the column abundance of seasonal CO<sub>2</sub> ice has the largest latitude gradient. The measured distribution and inventory of seasonal CO<sub>2</sub> ice is compared to simulations by a general circulation model (GCM) calibrated using Viking lander pressure data, cap edge functions determined by thermal emission spectroscopy, and other nuclear spectroscopy data sets. On the basis of the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> cycled through the caps during years 26 and 27, the gross polar energy balance has not changed significantly since Viking. The distribution of seasonal CO<sub>2</sub> ice is longitudinally asymmetric: in the north, deposition rates of CO<sub>2</sub> ice are elevated in Acidalia, which is exposed to katabatic winds from Chasma Borealis; in the south, CO<sub>2</sub> deposition is highest near the residual cap. During southern recession, CO <sub>2</sub> ice is present longer than calculated by the GCM, which has implications for the local polar energy balance. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JE003275","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Prettyman, T., Feldman, W.C., and Titus, T., 2009, Characterization of Mars' seasonal caps using neutron spectroscopy: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 114, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JE003275.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476203,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008je003275","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":218540,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JE003275"},{"id":246561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4b8e4b0c8380cd4be92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prettyman, T.H.","contributorId":43147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prettyman","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feldman, W. C.","contributorId":40767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feldman","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Titus, T.N.","contributorId":102615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035444,"text":"70035444 - 2009 - Bird population density estimated from acoustic signals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035444","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird population density estimated from acoustic signals","docAbstract":"Many animal species are detected primarily by sound. Although songs, calls and other sounds are often used for population assessment, as in bird point counts and hydrophone surveys of cetaceans, there are few rigorous methods for estimating population density from acoustic data. 2. The problem has several parts - distinguishing individuals, adjusting for individuals that are missed, and adjusting for the area sampled. Spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) is a statistical methodology that addresses jointly the second and third parts of the problem. We have extended SECR to use uncalibrated information from acoustic signals on the distance to each source. 3. We applied this extension of SECR to data from an acoustic survey of ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla density in an eastern US deciduous forest with multiple four-microphone arrays. We modelled average power from spectrograms of ovenbird songs measured within a window of 0??7 s duration and frequencies between 4200 and 5200 Hz. 4. The resulting estimates of the density of singing males (0??19 ha <sup>-1</sup> SE 0??03 ha<sup>-1</sup>) were consistent with estimates of the adult male population density from mist-netting (0??36 ha<sup>-1</sup> SE 0??12 ha<sup>-1</sup>). The fitted model predicts sound attenuation of 0??11 dB m<sup>-1</sup> (SE 0??01 dB m<sup>-1</sup>) in excess of losses from spherical spreading. 5.Synthesis and applications. Our method for estimating animal population density from acoustic signals fills a gap in the census methods available for visually cryptic but vocal taxa, including many species of bird and cetacean. The necessary equipment is simple and readily available; as few as two microphones may provide adequate estimates, given spatial replication. The method requires that individuals detected at the same place are acoustically distinguishable and all individuals vocalize during the recording interval, or that the per capita rate of vocalization is known. We believe these requirements can be met, with suitable field methods, for a significant number of songbird species. ?? 2009 British Ecological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01731.x","issn":"00218901","usgsCitation":"Dawson, D., and Efford, M., 2009, Bird population density estimated from acoustic signals: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 46, no. 6, p. 1201-1209, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01731.x.","startPage":"1201","endPage":"1209","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487254,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01731.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215499,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01731.x"},{"id":243309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1b0e4b0c8380cd4ada8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, D.K. 0000-0001-7531-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-212X","contributorId":94752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Efford, M.G.","contributorId":13352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Efford","given":"M.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035712,"text":"70035712 - 2009 - Small-footprint, waveform-resolving lidar estimation of submerged and sub-canopy topography in coastal environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035712","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small-footprint, waveform-resolving lidar estimation of submerged and sub-canopy topography in coastal environments","docAbstract":"The experimental advanced airborne research lidar (EAARL) is an airborne lidar instrument designed to map near-shore submerged topography and adjacent land elevations simultaneously. This study evaluated data acquired by the EAARL system in February 2003 and March 2004 along the margins of Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, to map bare-earth elevations under a variety of vegetation types and submerged topography in shallow, turbid water conditions. A spatial filtering algorithm, known as the iterative random consensus filter (IRCF), was used to extract ground elevations from a point cloud of processed last-surface EAARL returns. Filtered data were compared with acoustic and field measurements acquired in shallow submerged (0-2.5 m water depth) and sub-canopy environments. Root mean square elevation errors (RMSEs) ranged from 10-14 cm for submerged topography to 16-20 cm for sub-canopy topography under a variety of vegetation communities. The effect of lidar sampling angles and global positioning system (GPS) satellite configuration on accuracy was investigated. Results show high RMSEs for data acquired during periods of poor satellite configuration and at large sampling angles along the edges of the lidar scan. The results presented in this study confirm the cross-environment capability of a green-wavelength, waveform-resolving lidar system, making it an ideal tool for mapping coastal environments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/01431160802395227","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Nayegandhi, A., Brock, J.C., and Wright, C.W., 2009, Small-footprint, waveform-resolving lidar estimation of submerged and sub-canopy topography in coastal environments: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 30, no. 4, p. 861-878, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160802395227.","startPage":"861","endPage":"878","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216429,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160802395227"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9193e4b08c986b319997","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nayegandhi, A.","contributorId":95578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, J. C.","contributorId":36095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035971,"text":"70035971 - 2009 - Predicting the biological condition of streams: Use of geospatial indicators of natural and anthropogenic characteristics of watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035971","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the biological condition of streams: Use of geospatial indicators of natural and anthropogenic characteristics of watersheds","docAbstract":"We developed and evaluated empirical models to predict biological condition of wadeable streams in a large portion of the eastern USA, with the ultimate goal of prediction for unsampled basins. Previous work had classified (i.e., altered vs. unaltered) the biological condition of 920 streams based on a biological assessment of macroinvertebrate assemblages. Predictor variables were limited to widely available geospatial data, which included land cover, topography, climate, soils, societal infrastructure, and potential hydrologic modification. We compared the accuracy of predictions of biological condition class based on models with continuous and binary responses. We also evaluated the relative importance of specific groups and individual predictor variables, as well as the relationships between the most important predictors and biological condition. Prediction accuracy and the relative importance of predictor variables were different for two subregions for which models were created. Predictive accuracy in the highlands region improved by including predictors that represented both natural and human activities. Riparian land cover and road-stream intersections were the most important predictors. In contrast, predictive accuracy in the lowlands region was best for models limited to predictors representing natural factors, including basin topography and soil properties. Partial dependence plots revealed complex and nonlinear relationships between specific predictors and the probability of biological alteration. We demonstrate a potential application of the model by predicting biological condition in 552 unsampled basins across an ecoregion in southeastern Wisconsin (USA). Estimates of the likelihood of biological condition of unsampled streams could be a valuable tool for screening large numbers of basins to focus targeted monitoring of potentially unaltered or altered stream segments. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-008-0256-z","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D., Falcone, J., and Meador, M.R., 2009, Predicting the biological condition of streams: Use of geospatial indicators of natural and anthropogenic characteristics of watersheds: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 151, no. 1-4, p. 143-160, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0256-z.","startPage":"143","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216148,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0256-z"},{"id":243997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"151","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81cde4b0c8380cd7b738","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, D.M.","contributorId":81059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falcone, J.","contributorId":20548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meador, M. R.","contributorId":74400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033041,"text":"70033041 - 2009 - Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T10:26:25","indexId":"70033041","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3646,"text":"Transport in Porous Media","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand","docAbstract":"<p><span>Laboratory-scale virus transport experiments were conducted in columns packed with sand under saturated and unsaturated conditions. The viruses employed were the male-specific RNA coliphage, MS2, and the&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Salmonella typhimurium</i><span>&nbsp;phage, PRD1. The mathematical model developed by Sim and Chrysikopoulos (Water Resour Res 36:173–179, 2000) that accounts for processes responsible for removal of viruses during vertical transport in one-dimensional, unsaturated porous media was used to fit the data collected from the laboratory experiments. The liquid to liquid–solid and liquid to air–liquid interface mass transfer rate coefficients were shown to increase for both bacteriophage as saturation levels were reduced. The experimental results indicate that even for unfavorable attachment conditions within a sand column (e.g., phosphate-buffered saline solution; pH = 7.5; ionic strength = 2&nbsp;mM), saturation levels can affect virus transport through porous media.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11242-008-9239-3","issn":"01693","usgsCitation":"Anders, R., and Chrysikopoulos, C., 2009, Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand: Transport in Porous Media, v. 76, no. 1, p. 121-138, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-008-9239-3.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213488,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-008-9239-3"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb75ae4b08c986b3271f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anders, R.","contributorId":74174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chrysikopoulos, C.V.","contributorId":16214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chrysikopoulos","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034640,"text":"70034640 - 2009 - Developing framework to constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane on subduction interfaces a priori - A probabilistic approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-24T21:38:01","indexId":"70034640","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing framework to constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane on subduction interfaces a priori - A probabilistic approach","docAbstract":"A key step in many earthquake source inversions requires knowledge of the geometry of the fault surface on which the earthquake occurred. Our knowledge of this surface is often uncertain, however, and as a result fault geometry misinterpretation can map into significant error in the final temporal and spatial slip patterns of these inversions. Relying solely on an initial hypocentre and CMT mechanism can be problematic when establishing rupture characteristics needed for rapid tsunami and ground shaking estimates.\n\nHere, we attempt to improve the quality of fast finite-fault inversion results by combining several independent and complementary data sets to more accurately constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane of subducting slabs. Unlike previous analyses aimed at defining the general form of the plate interface, we require mechanisms and locations of the seismicity considered in our inversions to be consistent with their occurrence on the plate interface, by limiting events to those with well-constrained depths and with CMT solutions indicative of shallow-dip thrust faulting. We construct probability density functions about each location based on formal assumptions of their depth uncertainty and use these constraints to solve for the ‘most-likely’ fault plane.\n\nExamples are shown for the trench in the source region of the M<sub>w</sub> 8.6 Southern Sumatra earthquake of March 2005, and for the Northern Chile Trench in the source region of the November 2007 Antofagasta earthquake. We also show examples using only the historic catalogues in regions without recent great earthquakes, such as the Japan and Kamchatka Trenches. In most cases, this method produces a fault plane that is more consistent with all of the data available than is the plane implied by the initial hypocentre and CMT mechanism. Using the aggregated data sets, we have developed an algorithm to rapidly determine more accurate initial fault plane geometries for source inversions of future earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.04035.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Hayes, G., and Wald, D., 2009, Developing framework to constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane on subduction interfaces a priori - A probabilistic approach: Geophysical Journal International, v. 176, no. 3, p. 951-964, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.04035.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"951","endPage":"964","costCenters":[{"id":415,"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487802,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2008.04035.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215806,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.04035.x"},{"id":243632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"176","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0010e4b0c8380cd4f57f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, G.P.","contributorId":75764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035970,"text":"70035970 - 2009 - Modeling misidentification errors in capture-recapture studies using photographic identification of evolving marks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035970","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling misidentification errors in capture-recapture studies using photographic identification of evolving marks","docAbstract":"Misidentification of animals is potentially important when naturally existing features (natural tags) are used to identify individual animals in a capture-recapture study. Photographic identification (photoID) typically uses photographic images of animals' naturally existing features as tags (photographic tags) and is subject to two main causes of identification errors: those related to quality of photographs (non-evolving natural tags) and those related to changes in natural marks (evolving natural tags). The conventional methods for analysis of capture-recapture data do not account for identification errors, and to do so requires a detailed understanding of the misidentification mechanism. Focusing on the situation where errors are due to evolving natural tags, we propose a misidentification mechanism and outline a framework for modeling the effect of misidentification in closed population studies. We introduce methods for estimating population size based on this model. Using a simulation study, we show that conventional estimators can seriously overestimate population size when errors due to misidentification are ignored, and that, in comparison, our new estimators have better properties except in cases with low capture probabilities (<0.2) or low misidentification rates (<2.5%). ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-0304.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Yoshizaki, J., Pollock, K.H., Brownie, C., and Webster, R., 2009, Modeling misidentification errors in capture-recapture studies using photographic identification of evolving marks: Ecology, v. 90, no. 1, p. 3-9, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0304.1.","startPage":"3","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216120,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-0304.1"},{"id":243967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c0be4b0c8380cd6f9ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yoshizaki, J.","contributorId":79596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshizaki","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownie, C.","contributorId":43463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownie","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webster, R.A.","contributorId":98138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034639,"text":"70034639 - 2009 - Rupture parameters of the 2003 Zemmouri (M<sub>w</sub> 6.8), Algeria, earthquake from joint inversion of interferometric synthetic aperture radar, coastal uplift, and GPS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034639","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rupture parameters of the 2003 Zemmouri (M<sub>w</sub> 6.8), Algeria, earthquake from joint inversion of interferometric synthetic aperture radar, coastal uplift, and GPS","docAbstract":"We study the surface deformation associated with the 21 May 2003 (M <sub>w</sub> = 6.8) Zemmouri (Algeria) earthquake, the strongest seismic event felt in the Algiers region since 1716. The thrust earthquake mechanism and related surface deformation revealed an average 0.50 m coastal uplift along ??55-km-long coastline. We obtain coseismic interferograms using Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) (IS2) and RADARSAT standard beam (ST4) data from both the ascending and descending orbits of Envisat satellite, whereas the RADARSAT data proved useful only in the descending mode. While the two RADARSAT interferograms cover the earthquake area, Envisat data cover only the western half of the rupture zone. Although the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) coherence in the epicenter area is poor, deformation fringes are observed along the coast in different patches. In the Boumerdes area, the maximum coseismic deformation is indicated by the high gradient of fringes visible in all interferograms in agreement with field measurements (tape, differential GPS, leveling, and GPS). To constrain the earthquake rupture parameters, we model the interferograms and uplift measurements using elastic dislocations on triangular fault patches in an elastic and homogeneous half-space. We invert the coseismic slip using first, a planar surface and second, a curved fault, both constructed from triangular elements using Poly3Dinv program that uses a damped least square minimization. The best fit of InSAR, coastal uplift, and GPS data corresponds to a 65-km-long fault rupture dipping 40?? to 50?? SE, located at 8 to 13 km offshore with a change in strike west of Boumerdes from N60??-65?? to N95??-105??. The inferred rupture geometry at depth correlates well with the seismological results and may have critical implications for the seismic hazard assessment of the Algiers region. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JB005912","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Belabbes, S., Wicks, C., Cakir, Z., and Meghraoui, M., 2009, Rupture parameters of the 2003 Zemmouri (M<sub>w</sub> 6.8), Algeria, earthquake from joint inversion of interferometric synthetic aperture radar, coastal uplift, and GPS: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 114, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005912.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487803,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005912","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215805,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005912"},{"id":243631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaed6e4b0c8380cd8724d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belabbes, S.","contributorId":13461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belabbes","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wicks, Charles 0000-0002-0809-1328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":9023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cakir, Z.","contributorId":62005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cakir","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meghraoui, M.","contributorId":35539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meghraoui","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035965,"text":"70035965 - 2009 - Quantifying periglacial erosion: Insights on a glacial sediment budget, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035965","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying periglacial erosion: Insights on a glacial sediment budget, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska","docAbstract":"Glacial erosion rates are estimated to be among the highest in the world. Few studies have attempted, however, to quantify the flux of sediment from the periglacial landscape to a glacier. Here, erosion rates from the nonglacial landscape above the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska are presented and compare with an 8-yr record of proglacial suspended sediment yield. Non-glacial lowering rates range from 1??8 ?? 0??5 mm yr<sup>-1</sup> to 8??5 ?? 3??4 mm yr<sup>-1</sup> from estimates of rock fall and debris-flow fan volumes. An average erosion rate of 0??08 ?? 0??04 mm yr<sup>-1</sup> from eight convex-up ridge crests was determined using in situ produced cosmogenic <sup>10</sup>Be. Extrapolating these rates, based on landscape morphometry, to the Matanuska basin (58% ice-cover), it was found that nonglacial processes account for an annual sediment flux of 2??3 ?? 1??0 ?? 10<sup>6</sup> t. Suspended sediment data for 8 years and an assumed bedload to estimate the annual sediment yield at the Matanuska terminus to be 2??9 ?? 1??0 ?? 10<sup>6</sup> t, corresponding to an erosion rate of 1??8 ?? 0??6 mm yr<sup>-1</sup>: nonglacial sources therefore account for 80 ?? 45% of the proglacial yield. A similar set of analyses were used for a small tributary sub-basin (32% ice-cover) to determine an erosion rate of 12??1 ?? 6??9 mm yr<sup>-1</sup>, based on proglacial sediment yield, with the nonglacial sediment flux equal to 10 ?? 7% of the proglacial yield. It is suggested that erosion rates by nonglacial processes are similar to inferred subglacial rates, such that the ice-free regions of a glaciated landscape contribute significantly to the glacial sediment budget. The similar magnitude of nonglacial and glacial rates implies that partially glaciated landscapes will respond rapidly to changes in climate and base level through a rapid nonglacial response to glacially driven incision. ?? 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1885","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"O’Farrell, C.R., Heimsath, A., Lawson, D.E., Jorgensen, L., Evenson, E., Larson, G., and Denner, J., 2009, Quantifying periglacial erosion: Insights on a glacial sediment budget, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 34, no. 15, p. 2008-2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1885.","startPage":"2008","endPage":"2022","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216503,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1885"},{"id":244378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91d5e4b0c8380cd804b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Farrell, C. R.","contributorId":48791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Farrell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heimsath, A.M.","contributorId":52781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimsath","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawson, D. E.","contributorId":9343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgensen, L.M.","contributorId":15434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evenson, E.B.","contributorId":79628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, G.","contributorId":41585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Denner, J.","contributorId":31215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denner","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035963,"text":"70035963 - 2009 - Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035963","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake","docAbstract":"The disastrous 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China took the local population as well as scientists by surprise. Although the Longmen Shan fault zonewhich includes the fault segments along which this earthquake nucleatedwas well known, geologic and geodetic data indicate relatively low (&lt;3 mm yr <sup>-1</sup>) deformation rates. Here we invert Global Positioning System and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data to infer fault geometry and slip distribution associated with the earthquake. Our analysis shows that the geometry of the fault changes along its length: in the southwest, the fault plane dips moderately to the northwest but becomes nearly vertical in the northeast. Associated with this is a change in the motion along the fault from predominantly thrusting to strike-slip. Peak slip along the fault occurs at the intersections of fault segments located near the towns of Yingxiu, Beichuan and Nanba, where fatalities and damage were concentrated. We suggest that these locations represent barriers that failed in a single event, enabling the rupture to cascade through several fault segments and cause a major moment magnitude (M<sub>w</sub>) 7.9 earthquake. Using coseismic slip distribution and geodetic and geological slip rates, we estimate that the failure of barriers and rupture along multiple segments takes place approximately once in 4,000 years. ?? 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/ngeo636","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Shen, Z., Sun, J., Zhang, P., Wan, Y., Wang, M., Burgmann, R., Zeng, Y., Gan, W., Liao, H., and Wang, Q., 2009, Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: Nature Geoscience, v. 2, no. 10, p. 718-724, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo636.","startPage":"718","endPage":"724","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216476,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo636"},{"id":244347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b914ae4b08c986b31980b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shen, Z.-K.","contributorId":97262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shen","given":"Z.-K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sun, Jielun","contributorId":33443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Jielun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, P.","contributorId":92822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wan, Y.","contributorId":51519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, M.","contributorId":98810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zeng, Y.","contributorId":23759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gan, Weijun","contributorId":33083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gan","given":"Weijun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Liao, H.","contributorId":42752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wang, Q.","contributorId":83761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70034613,"text":"70034613 - 2009 - Soil nitrogen balance under wastewater management: Field measurements and simulation results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034613","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil nitrogen balance under wastewater management: Field measurements and simulation results","docAbstract":"The use of treated wastewater for irrigation of crops could result in high nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations in the vadose zone and ground water. The goal of this 2-yr field-monitoring study in the deep silty clay loam soils south of Dodge City, Kansas, was to assess how and under what circumstances N from the secondary-treated, wastewater-irrigated corn reached the deep (20-45 m) water table of the underlying High Plains aquifer and what could be done to minimize this problem. We collected 15.2-m-deep soil cores for characterization of physical and chemical properties; installed neutron probe access tubes to measure soil-water content and suction lysimeters to sample soil water periodically; sampled monitoring, irrigation, and domestic wells in the area; and obtained climatic, crop, irrigation, and N application rate records for two wastewater-irrigated study sites. These data and additional information were used to run the Root Zone Water Quality Model to identify key parameters and processes that influence N losses in the study area. We demonstrated that NO3-N transport processes result in significant accumulations of N in the vadose zone and that NO3-N in the underlying ground water is increasing with time. Root Zone Water Quality Model simulations for two wastewater-irrigated study sites indicated that reducing levels of corn N fertilization by more than half to 170 kg ha-1 substantially increases N-use efficiency and achieves near-maximum crop yield. Combining such measures with a crop rotation that includes alfalfa should further reduce the accumulation and downward movement of NO3-N in the soil profile. Copyright ?? 2009 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2008.0318","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Sophocleous, M., Townsend, M., Vocasek, F., Ma, L., and KC, A., 2009, Soil nitrogen balance under wastewater management: Field measurements and simulation results: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 38, no. 3, p. 1286-1301, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0318.","startPage":"1286","endPage":"1301","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215891,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0318"},{"id":243726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b920ee4b08c986b319c85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sophocleous, M.","contributorId":13373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Townsend, M.A.","contributorId":88785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vocasek, F.","contributorId":51996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vocasek","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ma, Liwang","contributorId":29140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"Liwang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"KC, A.","contributorId":84587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"KC","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032817,"text":"70032817 - 2009 - Research on the middle-of-receiver-spread assumption of the MASW method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032817","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Research on the middle-of-receiver-spread assumption of the MASW method","docAbstract":"The multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method has been effectively used to determine near-surface shear- (S-) wave velocity. Estimating the S-wave velocity profile from Rayleigh-wave measurements is straightforward. A three-step process is required to obtain S-wave velocity profiles: acquisition of a multiple number of multichannel records along a linear survey line by use of the roll-along mode, extraction of dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves, and inversion of dispersion curves for an S-wave velocity profile for each shot gather. A pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section can be generated by aligning 1D S-wave velocity models. In this process, it is very important to understand where the inverted 1D S-wave velocity profile should be located: the midpoint of each spread (a middle-of-receiver-spread assumption) or somewhere between the source and the last receiver. In other words, the extracted dispersion curve is determined by the geophysical structure within the geophone spread or strongly affected by the source geophysical structure. In this paper, dispersion curves of synthetic datasets and a real-world example are calculated by fixing the receiver spread and changing the source location. Results demonstrate that the dispersion curves are mainly determined by structures within a receiver spread. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.01.009","issn":"02677","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Liu, J., Xu, Y., and Liu, Q., 2009, Research on the middle-of-receiver-spread assumption of the MASW method: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 29, no. 1, p. 71-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.01.009.","startPage":"71","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213622,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.01.009"},{"id":241268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa935e4b0c8380cd85c98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Q.","contributorId":17827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034452,"text":"70034452 - 2009 - Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 2. Inverse modeling for eff ective properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034452","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 2. Inverse modeling for eff ective properties","docAbstract":"To understand their relation to pedogenic development, soil hydraulic properties in the Mojave Desert were investi- gated for three deposit types: (i) recently deposited sediments in an active wash, (ii) a soil of early Holocene age, and (iii) a highly developed soil of late Pleistocene age. Eff ective parameter values were estimated for a simplifi ed model based on Richards' equation using a fl ow simulator (VS2D), an inverse algorithm (UCODE-2005), and matric pressure and water content data from three ponded infi ltration experiments. The inverse problem framework was designed to account for the eff ects of subsurface lateral spreading of infi ltrated water. Although none of the inverse problems converged on a unique, best-fi t parameter set, a minimum standard error of regression was reached for each deposit type. Parameter sets from the numerous inversions that reached the minimum error were used to develop probability distribu tions for each parameter and deposit type. Electrical resistance imaging obtained for two of the three infi ltration experiments was used to independently test fl ow model performance. Simulations for the active wash and Holocene soil successfully depicted the lateral and vertical fl uxes. Simulations of the more pedogenically developed Pleistocene soil did not adequately replicate the observed fl ow processes, which would require a more complex conceptual model to include smaller scale heterogeneities. The inverse-modeling results, however, indicate that with increasing age, the steep slope of the soil water retention curve shitis toward more negative matric pressures. Assigning eff ective soil hydraulic properties based on soil age provides a promising framework for future development of regional-scale models of soil moisture dynamics in arid environments for land-management applications. ?? Soil Science Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Vadose Zone Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2136/vzj2008.0051","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Mirus, B., Perkins, K., Nimmo, J., and Singha, K., 2009, Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 2. Inverse modeling for eff ective properties: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 8, no. 2, p. 496-509, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2008.0051.","startPage":"496","endPage":"509","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216893,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2008.0051"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3581e4b0c8380cd5ffa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mirus, B.B.","contributorId":68128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"B.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, K. S. 0000-0001-8349-447X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":77557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"K. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singha, K.","contributorId":51431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035284,"text":"70035284 - 2009 - Large area scene selection interface (LASSI): Methodology of selecting landsat imagery for The Global Land Survey 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:14:14","indexId":"70035284","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large area scene selection interface (LASSI): Methodology of selecting landsat imagery for The Global Land Survey 2005","docAbstract":"<p>The Global Land Survey (GLS) 2005 is a cloud-free, orthorec-tified collection of Landsat imagery acquired during the 2004 to 2007 epoch intended to support global land-cover and ecological monitoring. Due to the numerous complexities in selecting imagery for the GLS2005, NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) sponsored the development of an automated scene selection tool, the Large Area Scene Selection Interface (LASSI), to aid in the selection of imagery for this data set. This innovative approach to scene selection applied a user-defined weighting system to various scene parameters: image cloud cover, image vegetation greenness, choice of sensor, and the ability of the Landsat-7 Scan Line Corrector (SLC)-off pair to completely fill image gaps, among others. The parameters considered in scene selection were weighted according to their relative importance to the data set, along with the algorithm’s sensitivity to that weight. This paper describes the methodology and analysis that established the parameter weighting strategy, as well as the post-screening processes used in selecting the optimal data set for GLS2005.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.75.11.1287","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Franks, S., Masek, J.G., Headley, R., Gasch, J., and Arvidson, T., 2009, Large area scene selection interface (LASSI): Methodology of selecting landsat imagery for The Global Land Survey 2005: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 75, no. 11, p. 1287-1296, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.75.11.1287.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1287","endPage":"1296","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476185,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.75.11.1287","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4476e4b0c8380cd66b20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franks, S.","contributorId":40803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franks","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masek, J. G.","contributorId":105883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masek","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Headley, R.M.K.","contributorId":10245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Headley","given":"R.M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gasch, J.","contributorId":87388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasch","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arvidson, T.","contributorId":35147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035067,"text":"70035067 - 2009 - Seasonal source-sink dynamics at the edge of a species' range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035067","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal source-sink dynamics at the edge of a species' range","docAbstract":"The roles of dispersal and population dynamics in determining species' range boundaries recently have received theoretical attention but little empirical work. Here we provide data on survival, reproduction, and movement for a Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) population at a local distributional edge in central Massachusetts (USA). Most juvenile females that apparently exploited anthropogenic resources survived their first winter, whereas those using adjacent natural resources died of starvation. In spring, adult females recolonized natural areas. A life-table model suggests that a population exploiting anthropogenic resources may grow, acting as source to a geographically interlaced sink of opossums using only natural resources, and also providing emigrants for further range expansion to new human-dominated landscapes. In a geographical model, this source-sink dynamic is consistent with the local distribution identified through road-kill surveys. The Virginia opossum's exploitation of human resources likely ameliorates energetically restrictive winters and may explain both their local distribution and their northward expansion in unsuitable natural climatic regimes. Landscape heterogeneity, such as created by urbanization, may result in source-sink dynamics at highly localized scales. Differential fitness and individual dispersal movements within local populations are key to generating regional distributions, and thus species ranges, that exceed expectations. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-1263.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Kanda, L., Fuller, T., Sievert, P., and Kellogg, R., 2009, Seasonal source-sink dynamics at the edge of a species' range: Ecology, v. 90, no. 6, p. 1574-1585, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1263.1.","startPage":"1574","endPage":"1585","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215177,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-1263.1"}],"volume":"90","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88d8e4b08c986b316bd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kanda, L.L.","contributorId":74978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanda","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, T.K.","contributorId":98252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sievert, P.R.","contributorId":104858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievert","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kellogg, R.L.","contributorId":74080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032775,"text":"70032775 - 2009 - Histopathology of repeated, intermittent exposure of chloramine-T to walleye (Sander vitreum) and (Ictalurus punctalus) channel catfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032775","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Histopathology of repeated, intermittent exposure of chloramine-T to walleye (Sander vitreum) and (Ictalurus punctalus) channel catfish","docAbstract":"Chloramine-T (Cl-T) has been used safely and effectively to control bacterial gill disease in salmonids at a maximum exposure regimen of up to four consecutive, once-daily exposures administered for 60??min at 20??mg/L. However, data to document safe treatment concentrations of Cl-T are lacking for freshwater-reared fish other than salmonids. We report the histopathology resultant from the administration of 12 consecutive, once-daily, 180-min static immersion baths of 0, 20, 50, or 80??mg Cl-T/L to walleye (20????C) and channel catfish (27????C). Twelve fish of each species were euthanized immediately before the first exposure (initial controls) and then after the twelfth exposure and 7 and 14??days after the twelfth exposure. Only initial controls and fish euthanized immediately after the twelfth exposure were processed for histological review because of the general lack of exposure-related lesions in exposed fish. The only exposure-related histological changes were in the spleen where significantly greater erythrocyte swelling and necrosis was observed in channel catfish exposed at 80??mg/L relative to exposure at 0??mg/L; similar histological changes were insignificant for walleye, though there appeared to be a shift in the general category of histological change with degenerative changes (necrosis, etc.) observed following exposure at 50 or 80??mg/L compared to the inflammatory and hemodynamic changes (congestion, leukocyte infiltrate, etc.) observed in walleye exposed at 0 or 20??mg/L. The only significant change in peripheral blood cytology was that walleye fingerlings exposed at 80??mg/L had significantly fewer mature red blood cells and significantly more immature red blood cells per oil-immersion field than controls. The histopathological changes observed following exposure to Cl-T under an exaggerated exposure regimen suggest that walleye or channel catfish therapeutically exposed to Cl-T will not have treatment-related histological changes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.020","issn":"00448","usgsCitation":"Gaikowski, M., Densmore, C.L., and Blazer, V., 2009, Histopathology of repeated, intermittent exposure of chloramine-T to walleye (Sander vitreum) and (Ictalurus punctalus) channel catfish: Aquaculture, v. 287, no. 1-2, p. 28-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.020.","startPage":"28","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214015,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.020"},{"id":241700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"287","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3158e4b0c8380cd5de4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaikowski, M.P. 0000-0002-6507-9341","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":51685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Christine L.","contributorId":18316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035636,"text":"70035636 - 2009 - Analysis of dynamic thresholds for the normalized difference water index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:36:25","indexId":"70035636","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of dynamic thresholds for the normalized difference water index","docAbstract":"The normalized difference water index (NDWI) has been successfully used to delineate surface water features. However, two major problems have been often encountered: (a) NDWIs calculated from different band combinations [visible, nearinfrared, or shortwave-infrared (SWIR)] can generate different results, and (b) NDWI thresholds vary depending on the proportions of subpixel water/non-water components. We need to evaluate all the NDWIS for determining the best performing index and to establish appropriate thresholds for clearly identifying water features. We used the spectral data obtained from a spectral library to simulate the satellite sensors Landsat ETM+, SPOT-5, ASTER, and MODIS, and calculated the simulated NDWI in different forms. We found that the NDWI calculated from (green - swm)/(green + SWIR), where SWIR is the shorter wavelength region (1.2 to 1.8 ??m), has the most stable threshold. We recommend this NDWI be employed for mapping water, but adjustment of the threshold based on actual situations is necessary. ?? 2009 American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.75.11.1307","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Ji, L., Zhang, L., and Wylie, B.K., 2009, Analysis of dynamic thresholds for the normalized difference water index: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 75, no. 11, p. 1307-1317, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.75.11.1307.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1307","endPage":"1317","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487812,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.75.11.1307","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb10e4b0c8380cd48bb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":451584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Li","contributorId":98139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035352,"text":"70035352 - 2009 - Hurricane frequency and landfall distribution for coastal wetlands of the Gulf coast, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035352","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hurricane frequency and landfall distribution for coastal wetlands of the Gulf coast, USA","docAbstract":"The regularity and severity of tropical storms are major determinants controlling ecosystem structure and succession for coastal ecosystems. Hurricane landfall rates vary greatly with high and low frequency for given coastal stretches of the southeastern United States. Site-specific meteorological data of hurricane wind speeds and direction, however, are only available for select populated cities of relatively sparse distribution and inland from the coast. A spatial simulation model of hurricane circulation, HURASIM, was applied to reconstruct chronologies of hurricane wind speeds and vectors for northern Gulf coast locations derived from historical tracking data of North Atlantic tropical storms dating back to 1851. Contrasts of storm frequencies showed that tropical storm incidence is nearly double for Florida coastal ecosystems than the westernmost stretches of Texas coastline. Finer-scale spatial simulations for the north-central Gulf coast exhibited sub-regional differences in storm strength and frequency with coastal position and latitude. The overall pattern of storm incidence in the Gulf basin indicates that the disturbance regime of coastal areas varies greatly along the coast, inland from the coast, and temporally over the period of record. Field and modeling studies of coastal ecosystems will benefit from this retrospective analysis of hurricane incidence and intensity both on a local or regional basis. ?? 2009 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/08-36.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Doyle, T., 2009, Hurricane frequency and landfall distribution for coastal wetlands of the Gulf coast, USA: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 1, p. 35-43, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-36.1.","startPage":"35","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215464,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-36.1"},{"id":243272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32b7e4b0c8380cd5ea11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035637,"text":"70035637 - 2009 - Cataloging the 1811-1812 New Madrid, central U.S., earthquake sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035637","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cataloging the 1811-1812 New Madrid, central U.S., earthquake sequence","docAbstract":"The three principal New Madrid, central U.S., mainshocks of 1811-1812 were followed by extensive aftershock sequences that included numerous felt events. Although no instrumental data are available for the sequence, historical accounts provide information that can be used to estimate magnitudes and locations for the large aftershocks as well as the mainshocks. Several detailed eyewitness accounts of the sequence provide sufficient information to identify times and rough magnitude estimates for a number of aftershocks that have not been analyzed previously. I also use three extended compilations of felt events to explore the overall sequence productivity. Although one generally cannot estimate magnitudes or locations for individual events, the intensity distributions of recent, instrumentally recorded earthquakes in the region provide a basis for estimation of the magnitude distribution of 1811-1812 aftershocks. The distribution is consistent with a b-value distribution. I estimate Mw 6-6.3 for the three largest identifiable aftershocks, apart from the so-called dawn aftershock on 16 December 1811.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.80.6.1045","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., 2009, Cataloging the 1811-1812 New Madrid, central U.S., earthquake sequence: Seismological Research Letters, v. 80, no. 6, p. 1045-1053, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.80.6.1045.","startPage":"1045","endPage":"1053","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216242,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.80.6.1045"},{"id":244103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3aee4b0c8380cd4b931","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032746,"text":"70032746 - 2009 - Demography and genetic structure of a recovering grizzly bear population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T13:49:46","indexId":"70032746","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demography and genetic structure of a recovering grizzly bear population","docAbstract":"Grizzly bears (brown bears; Ursus arctos) are imperiled in the southern extent of their range worldwide. The threatened population in northwestern Montana, USA, has been managed for recovery since 1975; yet, no rigorous data were available to monitor program success. We used data from a large noninvasive genetic sampling effort conducted in 2004 and 33 years of physical captures to assess abundance, distribution, and genetic health of this population. We combined data from our 3 sampling methods (hair trap, bear rub, and physical capture) to construct individual bear encounter histories for use in Huggins-Pledger closed mark-recapture models. Our population estimate, N?? = 765 (95% CI = 715-831) was more than double the existing estimate derived from sightings of females with young. Based on our results, the estimated known, human-caused mortality rate in 2004 was 4.6% (95% CI = 4.2-4.9%), slightly above the 4% considered sustainable; however, the high proportion of female mortalities raises concern. We used location data from telemetry, confirmed sightings, and genetic sampling to estimate occupied habitat. We found that grizzly bears occupied 33,480 km2 in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem (NCDE) during 1994-2007, including 10,340 km beyond the Recovery Zone. We used factorial correspondence analysis to identify potential barriers to gene flow within this population. Our results suggested that genetic interchange recently increased in areas with low gene flow in the past; however, we also detected evidence of incipient fragmentation across the major transportation corridor in this ecosystem. Our results suggest that the NCDE population is faring better than previously thought, and they highlight the need for a more rigorous monitoring program.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2008-330","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Kendall, K., Stetz, J., Boulanger, J., Macleod, A., Paetkau, D., and White, G.C., 2009, Demography and genetic structure of a recovering grizzly bear population: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 1, p. 3-17, https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-330.","startPage":"3","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213618,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2008-330"},{"id":335573,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7Q81B63","text":"Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) genetic profiles (1998-2012)"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe88e4b0c8380cd4ed99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, K.C.","contributorId":39716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stetz, J.B.","contributorId":74207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetz","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boulanger, J.","contributorId":18584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulanger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Macleod, A.C.","contributorId":41660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macleod","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paetkau, David","contributorId":97712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paetkau","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034063,"text":"70034063 - 2009 - Influence of resolution in irrigated area mapping and area estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-09T15:32:59.315145","indexId":"70034063","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of resolution in irrigated area mapping and area estimation","docAbstract":"<p>The overarching goal of this paper was to determine how irrigated areas change with resolution (or scale) of imagery. Specific objectives investigated were to (a) map irrigated areas using four distinct spatial resolutions (or scales), (b) determine how irrigated areas change with resolutions, and (c) establish the causes of differences in resolution-based irrigated areas. The study was conducted in the very large Krishna River basin (India), which has a high degree of formal contiguous, and informal fragmented irrigated areas. The irrigated areas were mapped using satellite sensor data at four distinct resolutions: (a) NOAA AVHRR Pathfinder 10,000 m, (b) Terra MODIS 500 m, (c) Terra MODIS 250 m, and (d) Landsat ETM+ 30 m. The proportion of irrigated areas relative to Landsat 30 m derived irrigated areas (9.36 million hectares for the Krishna basin) were (a) 95 percent using MODIS 250 m, (b) 93 percent using MODIS 500 m, and (c) 86 percent using AVHRR 10,000 m. In this study, it was found that the precise location of the irrigated areas were better established using finer spatial resolution data. A strong relationship (R<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.74 to 0.95) was observed between irrigated areas determined using various resolutions. This study proved the hypotheses that “the finer the spatial resolution of the sensor used, greater was the irrigated area derived,” since at finer spatial resolutions, fragmented areas are detected better. Accuracies and errors were established consistently for three classes (surface water irrigated, ground water/conjunctive use irrigated, and non-irrigated) across the four resolutions mentioned above. The results showed that the Landsat data provided significantly higher overall accuracies (84 percent) when compared to MODIS 500 m (77 percent), MODIS 250 m (79 percent), and AVHRR 10,000 m (63 percent).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.75.12.1383","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Velpuri, N., Thenkabail, P., Gumma, M., Biradar, C., Dheeravath, V., Noojipady, P., and Yuanjie, L., 2009, Influence of resolution in irrigated area mapping and area estimation: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 75, no. 12, p. 1383-1395, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.75.12.1383.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1383","endPage":"1395","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.75.12.1383","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384248,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","otherGeospatial":"Krishna River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              72.50976562499999,\n              12.31853594166211\n            ],\n            [\n              83.69384765625,\n              12.31853594166211\n            ],\n            [\n              83.69384765625,\n              19.78738018198621\n            ],\n            [\n              72.50976562499999,\n              19.78738018198621\n            ],\n            [\n              72.50976562499999,\n              12.31853594166211\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b72e4b0c8380cd6252a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Velpuri, N.M. 0000-0002-6370-1926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":66495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, P.S.","contributorId":66071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gumma, M.K.","contributorId":12286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumma","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biradar, C.","contributorId":44377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biradar","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dheeravath, V.","contributorId":55234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dheeravath","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noojipady, P.","contributorId":42453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noojipady","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yuanjie, L.","contributorId":86199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuanjie","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035373,"text":"70035373 - 2009 - Reproduction and microhabitat selection in a sharply declining Northern Bobwhite population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035373","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproduction and microhabitat selection in a sharply declining Northern Bobwhite population","docAbstract":"Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) populations have been declining throughout their range, but some of the sharpest declines have been documented in the Mid-Atlantic states. We conducted a 2 year (2006-2007) breeding season (1 May-30 Sep) telemetry study in southern New Jersey to collect baseline data on Northern Bobwhite reproductive rates, and nest and brood microhabitat selection. We located 23 Northern Bobwhite nests, of which 21 were usable for survival analyses. Incubation-period nest survival rate was 0.454 ?? 0.010 (95 CI =0.2800.727). Mean clutch size was 14.2 ?? 0.58 (range 10-19, n = 20) and hatching success was 96.1 ?? 2.0 (range 86-100%, n = 10). The estimated probability that an individual that entered the breeding season would initiate incubation of ???1 nest was 0.687 for females and 0.202 for males. Nest microhabitat selection was positively related to visual obstruction and percentage of litter. Brood microhabitat selection was positively related to visual obstruction, vegetation height, and percentage of forbs but negatively related to percentage of cool season grass and litter. Fecundity metrics for Northern Bobwhites in southern New Jersey appear similar to those reported elsewhere in the species' range. Conservation efforts to increase Northern Bobwhite reproductive success in southern New Jersey should focus on increasing the quantity of available breeding habitat. ?? 2009 by the Wilson Ornithological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1676/09-040.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"Collins, B., Williams, C., and Castelli, P.M., 2009, Reproduction and microhabitat selection in a sharply declining Northern Bobwhite population: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 121, no. 4, p. 688-695, https://doi.org/10.1676/09-040.1.","startPage":"688","endPage":"695","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215314,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/09-040.1"},{"id":243109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa893e4b0c8380cd859a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, B.M.","contributorId":33925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, C.K.","contributorId":8301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castelli, Paul M.","contributorId":107931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castelli","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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