This database release contains all the information used to produce Geologic Investigations Series I-2614 (https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2614/). The main component of this digital release is a geodatabase prepared using ArcGIS, but Esri shapefiles are included as well.
Kīlauea is an active shield volcano in the southeastern part of the Island of Hawai‘i. The middle East Rift Zone (MERZ) map includes about 27 square kilometers of the MERZ and shows the distribution of the products of 34 separate eruptions during late Holocene time. Lava flows erupted during 1983–86 have reached the mapped area. The subaerial part of the MERZ is 3–4 km wide and about 18 km long. It is a constructional ridge, 50–150 m above the adjoining terrain, marked by low spatter ramparts and cones as high as 60 m. Lava typically flowed either northeast or southeast, depending on vent location relative to the topographic crest of the rift zone. The MERZ receives more than 100 inches of rainfall annually and is covered by tropical rain forest. Vegetation begins to grow on lava a few months after its eruption. Relative heights of trees can be a guide to relative ages of underlying lava flows, but proximity to faults, presence of easily weathered cinders, and human activity also affect the rate of growth. The rocks have been grouped into five basic age groups. The framework for the ages assigned is provided by eight radiocarbon ages from nearby mapping by the authors and a single date from within this investigation area. The numerical ages are supplemented by observations of stratigraphic relations, degree of weathering, soil development, and vegetative cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1111","usgsCitation":"Zoeller, M.H., Trusdell, F.A., and Moore, R.B., 2019, Digital database of the geologic map of the middle east rift geothermal subzone, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1111, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1111.","productDescription":"Database; Metadata; Read Me","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-101940","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362530,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2614/","text":"Geologic Investigations Series I-2614"},{"id":362524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1111/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":362525,"rank":2,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1111/readme.txt","size":"5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Data Series 1111 Readme"},{"id":362528,"rank":3,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1111/Database.zip","text":"ZIP","size":"2 MB","description":"Data Series 1111 Database Zip","linkHelpText":" - Zip file containing all database files"},{"id":362529,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1111/Metadata.zip","text":"ZIP","size":"583 KB","description":"Data Series 1111 Metadata Zip","linkHelpText":" - Zip file containing all metadata files"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano middle East Rift Zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.996477,\n 19.403433\n ],\n [\n -154.996477,\n 19.463472\n ],\n [\n -155.072903,\n 19.463472\n ],\n [\n -155.072903,\n 19.403433\n ],\n [\n -154.996477,\n 19.403433\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact HVO
Volcano Science Center, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 51, 1 Crater Rim Road
Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, HI 96718-0051
Fire regimes in many dry forests of western North America are substantially different from historical conditions, and there is concern about the ability of these forests to recover following severe wildfire. Fire refugia, unburned or low-severity burned patches where trees survived fire, may serve as essential propagule sources that enable forest regeneration.
To quantify the influence of fire refugia spatial pattern and other biophysical factors on the process of post-fire tree regeneration; in particular examining both the proximity and density of surrounding refugia to characterize the landscape of refugial seed sources.
We surveyed regeneration at 135 sites in stand-replacement patches across a gradient of fire refugia density in eastern Oregon, USA. We characterized the influence of refugial seed source pattern and other environmental factors on the abundance of regenerating seedlings, and examined the relationship between post-fire climate and the temporal pattern of ponderosa pine seedling establishment.
Tree seedlings were present in 83% of plots 12–17 years post-fire, and densities varied substantially (0–67800 stems ha−1, median = 1100). Variation in seedling abundance was driven by the spatial patterns of refugial seed sources. Despite widespread post-fire shrub cover, high-severity burned forests have not undergone a persistent type conversion to shrublands. Ponderosa pine seedling establishment peaked 5–11 years after fire and was not closely associated with post-fire climate.
Fire refugia and the seed sources they contain fostered tree regeneration in severely burned patches. Management practices that reduce refugia within post-fire landscapes may negatively influence essential forest recovery processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-019-00802-1","usgsCitation":"Downing, W.M., Krawchuk, M.A., Meigs, G.W., Haire, S.L., Coop, J.D., Walker, R., Whitman, E., Chong, G.W., and Miller, C., 2019, Influence of fire refugia spatial pattern on post-fire forest recovery in Oregon’s Blue Mountains: Landscape Ecology, v. 34, p. 771-792, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-019-00802-1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"792","ipdsId":"IP-101236","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379977,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Northeastern Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 44.308126684886126\n ],\n [\n -116.71874999999999,\n 44.308126684886126\n ],\n [\n -116.71874999999999,\n 45.79816953017265\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 45.79816953017265\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 44.308126684886126\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downing, William M 0000-0001-8843-7642","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8843-7642","contributorId":244245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Downing","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krawchuk, Meg A.","contributorId":187425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krawchuk","given":"Meg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meigs, Garrett W","contributorId":244246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meigs","given":"Garrett","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haire, Sandra L. 0000-0002-5356-7567","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5356-7567","contributorId":213971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haire","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":32362,"text":"Haire Laboratory for Landscape Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coop, Jonathan D.","contributorId":187427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coop","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Walker, Ryan B","contributorId":244247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"Ryan B","affiliations":[{"id":6693,"text":"Western State Colorado University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Whitman, Ellen","contributorId":225737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitman","given":"Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":36696,"text":"University of Alberta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chong, Geneva W. 0000-0003-3883-5153 geneva_chong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3883-5153","contributorId":419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong","given":"Geneva","email":"geneva_chong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":803578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Miller, Carol","contributorId":187430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Carol","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70202858,"text":"70202858 - 2019 - Geology and biostratigraphy of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the greater Savannah region, Georgia and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T20:38:40.180425","indexId":"70202858","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-29T10:34:02","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3481,"text":"Stratigraphy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and biostratigraphy of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the greater Savannah region, Georgia and South Carolina","docAbstract":"The Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA) of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida has been considered a regionally continuous stratigraphic sequence of Eocene to Miocene carbonate strata, with documented unconformities based on lithology and biostratigraphy. As part of an investigation of the regional subsurface geologic framework in the Atlantic Coastal Plain Province, three deep cores were drilled by the U.S. Geological Survey at Pineora, Effingham County, Georgia; Cockspur Island, Chatham County, Georgia; and Palm Dunes, Beaufort County, South Carolina. The age of the UFAbased on calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy ranges from early Oligocene to early Miocene in Pineora, late Eocene to late Oligocene in Cockspur Island, and late Eocene to questionably Miocene in Palm Dunes. Thin section analyses identified eleven unique microfacies across the study area and suggests that the sediments were most likely transported by oceanic currents at the time of deposition. Disconformities are identified from the Pineora and Palm Dunes cores and channel incision is documented at the top of the UFA in the Palm Dunes core. This study 1) documents how existing formation and time stratigraphic boundaries cross hydrogeologic units, 2) shows the complex geologic nature of the Upper Floridan aquifer across a relatively limited area, 3) sets forth a better understanding of how lateral and vertical changes in the lithologic units of the UFA affect permeability and porosity, and thus subsurface hydrologic flow, across the region, and 4) highlights the problems faced by legislators when implementing groundwater use regulations intended to slow salt water intrusion and drawdown.
","language":"English","publisher":"Micropaleontology Press","doi":"10.29041/strat.16.1.41-62","usgsCitation":"Self-Trail, J., Parker, M., Haynes, J.T., Schultz, A., and Huddleston, P.F., 2019, Geology and biostratigraphy of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the greater Savannah region, Georgia and South Carolina: Stratigraphy, v. 16, no. 1, p. 41-62, https://doi.org/10.29041/strat.16.1.41-62.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"62","ipdsId":"IP-101631","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Upper Floridan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.28440856933594,\n 31.983035484210404\n ],\n [\n -80.72685241699217,\n 31.983035484210404\n ],\n [\n -80.72685241699217,\n 32.29525895520317\n ],\n [\n -81.28440856933594,\n 32.29525895520317\n ],\n [\n -81.28440856933594,\n 31.983035484210404\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Self-Trail, Jean 0000-0002-3018-4985 jstrail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3018-4985","contributorId":147370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, Mercer 0000-0001-6683-6458 mercerparker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-6458","contributorId":203174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Mercer","email":"mercerparker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haynes, John T.","contributorId":197407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haynes","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schultz, Arthur P.","contributorId":212837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Arthur P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huddleston, Paul. F.","contributorId":214584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huddleston","given":"Paul.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70251808,"text":"70251808 - 2019 - Igneous rocks in the Fish Creek Mountains and environs, Battle Mountain area, north-central Nevada: A microcosm of Cenozoic igneous activity in the northern Great Basin, Basin and Range Province, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-29T14:30:00.503943","indexId":"70251808","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-29T08:15:51","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":14252,"text":"Earth Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Igneous rocks in the Fish Creek Mountains and environs, Battle Mountain area, north-central Nevada: A microcosm of Cenozoic igneous activity in the northern Great Basin, Basin and Range Province, USA","docAbstract":"The Great Basin of the western United States, the northern component of the Basin and Range Province, is a region of Cenozoic lithospheric extension with multiple periods and types of igneous activity. The composition and volume of Cenozoic magmas reflect a complex interaction between mantle-derived magmas and highly diverse crust, where both mantle sources and magmatic processes were modulated by tectonic environment. The Fish Creek Mountains in north-central Nevada underwent multiple igneous events ranging from ca. 40 Ma to 1 Ma that span all of the complex Cenozoic tectono-magmatic episodes of the Great Basin. The Fish Creek Mountains, therefore, is an ideal location to evaluate the different sources and processes involved in magma generation. Many plutons were emplaced in the region between about 40 and 38 Ma, several of which host base and precious metal deposits. Between 36 and 33 Ma, lava fields and calderas of the 37–19 Ma Ignimbrite Flare-up were emplaced. Both these and the preceding plutons resulted from southwestward rollback of the Farallon plate beneath North America during by far the most voluminous phase of Cenozoic magmatism. The lavas range from rare basalt and basaltic andesite to andesite, dacite, and rhyolite, have continental arc-like incompatible element patterns, and high initial 87Sr/86Sr and low εNd that require a metasomatized lithospheric mantle source combined with minor crustal component. Ignimbrites of the 34.4 Ma Cove Mine (trachydacite to rhyolite) and 34.0 Ma Caetano calderas (rhyolite to high-silica rhyolite) are abundantly porphyritic, include hydrous phases, were largely derived from partial melts of crustal rocks, but likely include 20–30% of a mantle-derived component.
Igneous activity ceased in the region as the rollback-arc migrated to the southwest, but at 24.9 Ma a new caldera formed in the southern Fish Creek Mountains that was filled by ignimbrites of the Fish Creek Mountains Tuff. Intracaldera rhyolite ignimbrites range from aphyric, pumice-rich deposits at the base to progressively more quartz-feldspar phyric ignimbrites at higher levels; all flow units lack hydrous phases. No contemporaneous mafic or intermediate igneous activity accompanied caldera formation, but initial 87Sr/86Sr values in the Fish Creek Mountains tuffs are lower than in the Caetano Tuff, suggesting a greater mantle contribution to the 24.9 Ma ignimbrites.
After another hiatus in igneous activity, the region was intruded and overlain by basalt to rhyolite dykes and lavas of the northern Nevada rift between 16.8 and 15.1 Ma. The primarily tholeiitic igneous suite is of the same age, chemistry, and isotopic composition as the Grande Ronde Formation of the Columbia River flood basalts, and evolved members (trachydacite and rhyolite) are crustally contaminated. The youngest northern Nevada rift lava is an alkali olivine basalt with isotopic affinity to basalts of the eastern Snake River Plain.
After 10 Ma of quiescence, the region was locally covered by mafic lava flows with high-alumina olivine tholeiite compositions, represented by the 5.4 Ma Pumpernickel Valley flows. Their mid-ocean ridge-like incompatible element compositions indicate a depleted mantle source for the lavas, but radiogenic isotopic compositions indicate that the lavas of this region include a significant contribution from a mafic to ultramafic, high-87Sr/86Sr source.
The final igneous event in the Fish Creek Mountains region, the 4.0 to 1.0 Ma Buffalo Valley volcanic field, includes flows and spatter cones of transitional to alkalic basalt that are divided into two geochemical groups with identical isotopic compositions. They represent variable, low percent partial melts of the asthenosphere at different depths, yielding different rare earth element characteristics. Similar to the Lunar Crater volcanic field, the Buffalo Valley rocks represent a rare case where the lithosphere in the central Great Basin is now thin enough to allow melting of the underlying asthenosphere.
Cenozoic magmatism in the northern Great Basin exhibits several transitions in magma sources and tectonic setting with time. Magmatism began as pre-extension, subduction-related, primarily lithospherically-derived magmas emplaced on/in tectonically-thickened crust. The onset of extension was partially driven by impingement of the Yellowstone plume that resulted in emplacement of rift-related volcanic and intrusive rocks in the northern Nevada rift, followed by the eruption of extension-related HAOT lavas along the northwest margin of the Great Basin. Finally, lithospheric thinning allowed for partial melting of the asthenosphere and eruption of alkaline basaltic lavas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.03.013","usgsCitation":"Cousens, B.L., Henry, C., Stevens, C., Varve, S., John, D.A., and Wetmore, S., 2019, Igneous rocks in the Fish Creek Mountains and environs, Battle Mountain area, north-central Nevada: A microcosm of Cenozoic igneous activity in the northern Great Basin, Basin and Range Province, USA: Earth Science Reviews, v. 192, p. 403-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.03.013.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"444","ipdsId":"IP-106227","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.03.013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":426126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Fish Creek Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.47697929230347,\n 40.28016235329471\n ],\n [\n -117.47697929230347,\n 40.07291126292276\n ],\n [\n -117.18999422148758,\n 40.07291126292276\n ],\n [\n -117.18999422148758,\n 40.28016235329471\n ],\n [\n -117.47697929230347,\n 40.28016235329471\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"192","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cousens, Brian L. 0000-0002-9704-6974","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9704-6974","contributorId":242801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cousens","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, Christopher D.","contributorId":36556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":895637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stevens, Christopher","contributorId":334440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Varve, Susan","contributorId":334441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varve","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":895640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wetmore, Stacey","contributorId":334442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wetmore","given":"Stacey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70204108,"text":"70204108 - 2019 - Emerging investigator series: Atmospheric cycling of indium in the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-05T16:44:46","indexId":"70204108","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-28T16:35:21","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1566,"text":"Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emerging investigator series: Atmospheric cycling of indium in the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"Indium is critical to the global economy and is used in an increasing number of electronics and new energy technologies. However, little is known about its environmental behavior or impacts, including its concentrations or cycling in the atmosphere. This study determined indium concentrations in air particulate matter at five locations across the northeastern United States over the course of one year, in 1995. Historical records from a Massachusetts bog core showed that indium atmospheric concentrations in this region changed only modestly between 1995 and 2010. Atmospheric indium concentrations varied significantly both geographically and temporally, with average concentrations in PM3 of 2.1 ± 1.6 pg m−3 (1 standard deviation), and average particle-normalized concentrations of 0.2 ± 0.2 μg In per g PM3. Peaks in the particle-normalized concentrations in two New York sites were correlated with wind direction; air coming from the north contributed higher concentrations of indium than air coming from the west. This correlation, along with measurements of indium in zinc smelter emissions and coal fly ash, suggests that indium in the atmosphere in the northeastern United States comes from a relatively constant low-level input from coal combustion in the midwest, and higher but more sporadic contributions from the smelting of lead, zinc, copper, tin, and nickel north of the New York sample sites. Understanding the industrial sources of indium to the atmosphere and how they compare with natural sources can lead to a better understanding of the impact of human activities on the indium cycle, and may help to establish a baseline for monitoring future impacts as indium use grows.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/c8em00485d","usgsCitation":"White, S.J., and Hemond, H.F., 2019, Emerging investigator series: Atmospheric cycling of indium in the northeastern United States: Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts, v. 21, no. 4, p. 623-634, https://doi.org/10.1039/c8em00485d.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"634","ipdsId":"IP-104440","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, New York","city":"Boston, Brockport, Reading, Rochester, Thoreau's Bog","otherGeospatial":"Quabbin Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 42.89206418807337\n ],\n [\n -77.18994140625,\n 42.89206418807337\n ],\n [\n -77.18994140625,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 42.89206418807337\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.4658203125,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -72.4658203125,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -72.4658203125,\n 42.049292638686836\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Sarah Jane 0000-0002-4055-8207","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4055-8207","contributorId":216796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"Jane","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemond, Harold F.","contributorId":34673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemond","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13299,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202018,"text":"sim3424 - 2019 - Geology of the Hardeeville NW Quadrangle and parts of the Brighton and Pineland Quadrangles, Jasper County, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-04T12:54:40","indexId":"sim3424","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-28T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3424","displayTitle":"Geology of the Hardeeville NW Quadrangle and Parts of the Brighton and Pineland Quadrangles, Jasper County, South Carolina","title":"Geology of the Hardeeville NW Quadrangle and parts of the Brighton and Pineland Quadrangles, Jasper County, South Carolina","docAbstract":"This publication portrays the geology of the Hardeeville NW quadrangle and parts of the Brighton and Pineland quadrangles that are within Jasper County, South Carolina. The study area is located in the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, approximately 50 to 70 kilometers (km) inland from the coast. The data are compiled from geological field mapping, light detection and ranging (lidar) elevation data, cores, optically stimulated luminescence ages, radiocarbon ages, and biostratigraphic interpretations. Most of the study area is occupied by the valley of the Savannah River, and exposures of geologic units are very limited. Traditional geologic mapping in this area is difficult because of limited access, subdued topography, extensive swamps, and abundant vegetation.
The Savannah River flows predominantly southeast, and forms most of the border between the States of South Carolina and Georgia. The river is approximately 483 km long and has a total drainage area of approximately 15,850 square km. Although upstream tributaries drain the southeastern side of the Appalachian Blue Ridge province, the Savannah River begins in the Piedmont province and then flows across the Atlantic Coastal Plain province to the Atlantic Ocean. For much of its extent, the modern channel of the Savannah River is located on the southwestern side of the river valley, and the southwestern bank of the valley is the active cut bank. Within the study area, the valley of the Savannah River trends southeast and is relatively straight. The valley has relatively low relief, although the southwestern valley wall is steeper and has greater relief than the northeastern valley wall.
Elevations within the valley mostly range from 3 to 15 meters (m) above sea level, whereas elevations on the high terrace that forms the eastern margin of the Savannah River valley are 15 to 20 m above sea level. The width of the valley is 6 to 7 km in the northern part of the study area and expands to 10 to 12 km farther south. The modern river channel occupies the southwestern side of the valley, and some modern (active) creeks enter the river from the west. Sand hills and low-relief terraces are present to the east of the modern river channel, and the eastern side of the valley is characterized by abandoned meandering and linear channels. Fan-shaped deposits of sand and mud are present where relict (inactive) channels enter the eastern side of the valley. Abandoned meandering channels of low relief (<3 m) are also present to the east on the high terrace (>15 m elevation) that forms the eastern margin of the Savannah River valley. Within the study area, most of the Savannah River valley is covered by alluvial wetland community vegetation dominated by cypress and tupelo trees, although sand hills within the valley are covered by xeric sand community vegetation dominated by pine trees.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3424","usgsCitation":"Swezey, C.S., Schultz, A.P., Doar, W.R., III, Garrity, C.P., Bernhardt, C.E., Crider, E.A., Jr., Edwards, L.E., and McGeehin, J.P., 2019, Geology of the Hardeeville NW quadrangle and parts of the Brighton and Pineland quadrangles, Jasper County, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3424, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3424.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 51.79 x 40.25 inches and 32.20 x 40.22 inches; Companion File; Database; XML Metadata","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040734","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361223,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3424/metadata/sim3424_fgdc.xml","text":"XML Metadata","size":"37.3 KB xml"},{"id":361056,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3424/sim3424_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1 ","size":"185 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Geologic Map and Lidar Shaded-Relief Map"},{"id":361057,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3424/sim3424_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"6.95 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Cross Sections, Stratigraphic Descriptions from Cores, Optically Stimulated Luminescence and Radiocarbon Ages, and Dinoflagellate Biostratigraphic Interpretations"},{"id":361055,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3424/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":361222,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3424/metadata/sim3424.gdb.zip","size":"1.44 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Jasper County","otherGeospatial":"Brighton Quadrangle, Pineland Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.14295959472656,\n 32.146257633327764\n ],\n [\n -81.1007308959961,\n 32.146257633327764\n ],\n [\n -81.1007308959961,\n 32.222967176706305\n ],\n [\n -81.14295959472656,\n 32.222967176706305\n ],\n [\n -81.14295959472656,\n 32.146257633327764\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center
U.S. Geological Survey
926A National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA
Understanding the diet of invasive species helps researchers to more accurately assess the health, survivorship, growth, and stability of an invasive fish species, as well as their effects on native populations. Techniques capable of identifying multiple prey species from fish stomach contents have been developed. In this study, a multi-locus metabarcoding approach was used to identify fish and invertebrate prey in stomach samples of Ictalurus furcatus (blue catfish), which were collected from two sites on the Mattawomen Creek and Nanjemoy Creek in Maryland.
The mitochondrial 12S (mt12S) and mitochondrial 16S (mt16S) gene regions were sequenced and compared. First, a mock sample for each gene region was created with the pooled polymerase chain reaction product of known fish species, and quantities of the sample were used to determine efficacy of the amplicon. Results varied between gene regions analyzed. Then, when using the mt12S primers, next-generation sequencing determined that nine fish species were found at levels greater than 1 percent of the diet of blue catfish. The most common species were Perca flavescens (yellow perch) and Cyprinus carpio (common carp). The mt16S gene region analyses found 10 fish species at greater than 1 percent of the diet, which primarily included Orconectes limosus (spinycheek crayfish), Alosa pseudoharengus (alewife), and yellow perch. Partially digested eggs were identified using next-generation sequencing of yellow perch in two of the stomach samples, and a TaqMan® quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed to more economically identify egg species in the future.
The yellow-perch-specific TaqMan® qPCR assay was tested using primers that were developed to detect a 154-base-pair amplicon in the mitochondrial control region. Consumption of yellow perch eggs indicates that blue catfish could potentially negatively affect young-of-year recruitment of this native sportfish. Analyses of two gene regions helped confirm the major prey of the fish sampled and allowed identification of fish species as prey that were not included in a database for the two gene regions. We concluded that the mitochondrial ribosomal-marker-based next-generation sequencing method is useful in determining the prey of fish species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191021","usgsCitation":"Iwanowicz, D.D., Schill, W.B., Sanders, L.R., Groves, T., and Groves, M.C., 2019, Establishing molecular methods to quantitatively profile gastric diet items of fish—Application to the invasive blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1021, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191021.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 15 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-103768","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362344,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1021/ofr20191021.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.89 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1021"},{"id":362345,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1021/ofr20191021_appendix.pdf","size":"660 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":362343,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1021/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.26272583007812,\n 38.396029684120315\n ],\n [\n -77.12059020996094,\n 38.396029684120315\n ],\n [\n -77.12059020996094,\n 38.634036452919226\n ],\n [\n -77.26272583007812,\n 38.634036452919226\n ],\n [\n -77.26272583007812,\n 38.396029684120315\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
Methods to detect and monitor the spread of invasive grasses are critical to avoid ecosystem transformations and large economic costs. The rapid spread of non‐native buffelgrass(Pennisetum ciliare) has intensified fire risk and is replacing fire intolerant native vegetation in the Sonoran Desert of the southwestern US. Coarse‐resolution satellite imagery has had limited success in detecting small patches of buffelgrass, whereas ground‐based and aerial survey methods are often cost prohibitive. To improve detection, we trained 2 m resolution DigitalGlobe WorldView‐2 satellite imagery with 12 cm resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery and classified buffelgrass on Google Earth Engine, a cloud computing platform, using Random Forest (RF) models in Saguaro National Park, Arizona, USA. Our classification models had an average overall accuracy of 93% and producer's accuracies of 94–96% for buffelgrass, although user's accuracies were low. We detected a 2.92 km2 area of buffelgrass in the eastern Rincon Mountain District (1.07% of the total area) and a 0.46 km2 area (0.46% of the total area) in the western Tucson Mountain District of Saguaro National Park. Buffelgrass cover was significantly greater in the Sonoran Paloverde‐Mixed Cacti Desert Scrub vegetation type, on poorly developed Entisols and Inceptisol soils and on south‐facing topographic aspects compared to other areas. Our results demonstrate that high‐resolution imagery improve on previous attempts to detect and classify buffelgrass and indicate potential areas where the invasive grass might spread. The methods demonstrated in this study could be employed by land managers as a low‐cost strategy to identify priority areas for control efforts and continued monitoring.
","language":"English","publisher":"Zoological Society of London","doi":"10.1002/rse2.116","usgsCitation":"Elkind, K., Sankey, T.T., Munson, S.M., and Aslan, C.E., 2019, Invasive buffelgrass detection using high-resolution satellite and UAV imagery on Google Earth Engine: Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, v. 5, no. 4, p. 318-331, https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.116.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"331","ipdsId":"IP-099999","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.116","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Rincon Mountain District ,Tucson Mountain District","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-112.538593,37.000674],[-111.405517,37.001497],[-111.278286,37.000465],[-111.254853,37.001077],[-111.133718,37.000779],[-111.066496,37.002389],[-110.599512,37.003448],[-110.50069,37.00426],[-110.490908,37.003566],[-110.47019,36.997997],[-110.021778,36.998602],[-110.000876,36.998502],[-110.000677,36.997968],[-109.875673,36.998504],[-109.625668,36.998308],[-109.495338,36.999105],[-109.246917,36.999346],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.046796,35.363606],[-109.046084,35.250025],[-109.046072,34.828566],[-109.045624,34.814226],[-109.046104,34.799981],[-109.045363,34.785406],[-109.046086,34.771016],[-109.047006,34.00005],[-109.046426,33.875052],[-109.047145,33.74001],[-109.046662,33.625055],[-109.047298,33.409783],[-109.046564,33.37506],[-109.047045,33.36928],[-109.04747,33.250063],[-109.046905,33.091931],[-109.04748,33.06842],[-109.047117,32.77757],[-109.049112,31.636598],[-109.050173,31.480004],[-109.050044,31.332502],[-109.278489,31.333959],[-109.829689,31.334067],[-110.000613,31.333145],[-110.140512,31.333965],[-110.460172,31.332827],[-110.795467,31.33363],[-111.000643,31.332177],[-111.074825,31.332239],[-111.125646,31.348978],[-111.560194,31.488138],[-111.979417,31.620683],[-112.246102,31.704195],[-112.867074,31.895488],[-113.125961,31.97278],[-113.217308,32.002107],[-113.493196,32.088943],[-113.78168,32.179034],[-114.250775,32.32391],[-114.50078,32.400057],[-114.813613,32.494277],[-114.813991,32.497231],[-114.812316,32.500054],[-114.813694,32.505065],[-114.81237,32.507712],[-114.807726,32.508726],[-114.806017,32.510094],[-114.804694,32.512476],[-114.804958,32.517506],[-114.809723,32.520153],[-114.811576,32.523594],[-114.810563,32.527666],[-114.8064,32.531192],[-114.802181,32.536414],[-114.802018,32.53946],[-114.804776,32.541659],[-114.80583,32.546354],[-114.803883,32.548002],[-114.795635,32.550956],[-114.793769,32.552329],[-114.792065,32.555009],[-114.791551,32.557023],[-114.791988,32.560652],[-114.794635,32.563564],[-114.795959,32.564093],[-114.79766,32.564444],[-114.804429,32.561976],[-114.808929,32.561976],[-114.810517,32.563828],[-114.810517,32.56727],[-114.808929,32.569652],[-114.804421,32.572942],[-114.801877,32.57601],[-114.801471,32.578255],[-114.803879,32.580889],[-114.803987,32.582652],[-114.800441,32.58808],[-114.799683,32.593621],[-114.801548,32.598591],[-114.805932,32.600721],[-114.807906,32.602783],[-114.809042,32.608806],[-114.809393,32.617119],[-114.80739,32.621332],[-114.799302,32.625115],[-114.794102,32.622475],[-114.791179,32.621833],[-114.781872,32.62505],[-114.78267,32.628634],[-114.782235,32.630215],[-114.779215,32.633579],[-114.774482,32.635869],[-114.764382,32.642666],[-114.76331,32.644617],[-114.763512,32.645996],[-114.765067,32.648047],[-114.76495,32.649391],[-114.75831,32.655178],[-114.753111,32.658304],[-114.748,32.664184],[-114.747848,32.667693],[-114.745345,32.672187],[-114.744491,32.678671],[-114.730453,32.698843],[-114.730086,32.704298],[-114.722746,32.713071],[-114.717665,32.721654],[-114.714522,32.73039],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.69879,32.744846],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.684278,32.737537],[-114.667493,32.734226],[-114.65826,32.733799],[-114.632686,32.730846],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.615585,32.728446],[-114.614772,32.734089],[-114.612697,32.734516],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.528443,32.767276],[-114.531831,32.774264],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.531669,32.791185],[-114.528849,32.796307],[-114.522031,32.801675],[-114.515389,32.811439],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.465546,32.874809],[-114.465715,32.87942],[-114.463127,32.901884],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.464448,32.913129],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.479005,32.928291],[-114.48092,32.935252],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.478456,32.940555],[-114.474042,32.94515],[-114.470833,32.949333],[-114.469113,32.952673],[-114.46773,32.956323],[-114.467272,32.960675],[-114.467664,32.966861],[-114.469039,32.972295],[-114.470988,32.97406],[-114.476156,32.975168],[-114.480417,32.973665],[-114.481315,32.972064],[-114.488625,32.969946],[-114.490129,32.969885],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.494212,32.974262],[-114.495712,32.980076],[-114.499797,33.003905],[-114.50613,33.01701],[-114.511343,33.023455],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.523578,33.030961],[-114.538459,33.033422],[-114.553189,33.033974],[-114.571653,33.036624],[-114.575161,33.036542],[-114.578287,33.035375],[-114.581404,33.032545],[-114.584765,33.028231],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.601014,33.02541],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.625787,33.029436],[-114.628293,33.031052],[-114.639553,33.045291],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.649001,33.046763],[-114.655038,33.037107],[-114.657827,33.033825],[-114.659832,33.032665],[-114.662317,33.032671],[-114.66506,33.033908],[-114.670803,33.037984],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.675104,33.047532],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.68912,33.076122],[-114.689307,33.079179],[-114.688597,33.082869],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.692548,33.085786],[-114.701165,33.086368],[-114.70473,33.087051],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.707819,33.091102],[-114.707896,33.097432],[-114.703682,33.113769],[-114.696829,33.131209],[-114.689995,33.137883],[-114.687074,33.142196],[-114.682253,33.155214],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.678729,33.162948],[-114.680248,33.169717],[-114.679034,33.174738],[-114.675831,33.18152],[-114.67536,33.185489],[-114.67519,33.188179],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.673715,33.219245],[-114.673626,33.223121],[-114.674479,33.225504],[-114.678097,33.2303],[-114.682731,33.234918],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.689541,33.246428],[-114.688205,33.247966],[-114.674491,33.255597],[-114.672088,33.258499],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.677032,33.27017],[-114.680507,33.273577],[-114.684363,33.276025],[-114.694449,33.279786],[-114.711197,33.283342],[-114.717875,33.285157],[-114.72167,33.286982],[-114.723259,33.288079],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.731222,33.304039],[-114.729904,33.305745],[-114.723623,33.31211],[-114.710792,33.320607],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.705241,33.327767],[-114.700938,33.337014],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.699053,33.361148],[-114.707348,33.376628],[-114.70731,33.382542],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.713602,33.388257],[-114.722872,33.398779],[-114.725292,33.402342],[-114.725282,33.405048],[-114.723829,33.406531],[-114.720065,33.407891],[-114.710878,33.407254],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.697707,33.410942],[-114.695655,33.415127],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.673901,33.418299],[-114.658382,33.413036],[-114.652828,33.412922],[-114.64954,33.413633],[-114.643302,33.416745],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.62964,33.428138],[-114.627125,33.433554],[-114.622283,33.447558],[-114.623395,33.45449],[-114.622918,33.456561],[-114.612472,33.470768],[-114.601696,33.481394],[-114.599713,33.484315],[-114.597283,33.490653],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.588239,33.502453],[-114.580468,33.506465],[-114.573757,33.507543],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.560963,33.516739],[-114.560835,33.524334],[-114.558898,33.531819],[-114.542011,33.542481],[-114.524599,33.552231],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.526834,33.557466],[-114.535965,33.569154],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.529186,33.60665],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.524619,33.61426],[-114.525783,33.616588],[-114.527938,33.618839],[-114.529662,33.622794],[-114.529856,33.627448],[-114.526947,33.633073],[-114.526947,33.637534],[-114.53005,33.647619],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.525201,33.658092],[-114.525201,33.661583],[-114.529706,33.668031],[-114.530999,33.671102],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.530348,33.679245],[-114.527782,33.682684],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.512409,33.691282],[-114.504993,33.693022],[-114.496489,33.696901],[-114.495719,33.698454],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.494901,33.71443],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.500788,33.722204],[-114.502661,33.724584],[-114.504176,33.728055],[-114.506799,33.730518],[-114.510265,33.732146],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.508206,33.741587],[-114.504483,33.750998],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.507089,33.76793],[-114.516734,33.788345],[-114.520094,33.799473],[-114.52805,33.814963],[-114.527161,33.816191],[-114.522714,33.818979],[-114.520733,33.822031],[-114.51997,33.825381],[-114.523409,33.835323],[-114.525539,33.838614],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.529385,33.851755],[-114.528451,33.854929],[-114.526771,33.857357],[-114.52453,33.858477],[-114.516811,33.85812],[-114.514673,33.858638],[-114.505638,33.864276],[-114.503887,33.865754],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.503395,33.875018],[-114.50434,33.876882],[-114.516501,33.885926],[-114.518928,33.891714],[-114.517808,33.894889],[-114.516314,33.896196],[-114.508708,33.90064],[-114.507988,33.901813],[-114.50792,33.903807],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.511511,33.911092],[-114.518434,33.917518],[-114.525361,33.922272],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.534987,33.928499],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.52868,33.947817],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.51586,33.958106],[-114.511231,33.95704],[-114.509568,33.957264],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.495047,33.966835],[-114.484784,33.975519],[-114.481455,33.981261],[-114.475907,33.984424],[-114.471138,33.98804],[-114.467932,33.992877],[-114.462377,33.993781],[-114.46117,33.994687],[-114.460264,33.996649],[-114.460415,33.999215],[-114.46283,34.004497],[-114.463132,34.00661],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.46117,34.010081],[-114.458906,34.010835],[-114.454807,34.010968],[-114.450206,34.012574],[-114.443821,34.016176],[-114.44054,34.019329],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.436171,34.028083],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.435504,34.042615],[-114.438602,34.050205],[-114.439406,34.05381],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.437683,34.071937],[-114.435429,34.079727],[-114.434181,34.087379],[-114.428026,34.092787],[-114.426168,34.097042],[-114.420499,34.103466],[-114.415908,34.107636],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.405941,34.11154],[-114.401352,34.111652],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.379234,34.115988],[-114.369297,34.117517],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.360402,34.123577],[-114.356373,34.130429],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.348052,34.134458],[-114.336112,34.134035],[-114.324576,34.136759],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.312206,34.144776],[-114.292806,34.166725],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.275267,34.17215],[-114.268267,34.17021],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.244191,34.179625],[-114.240712,34.183232],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.227034,34.188866],[-114.224941,34.193896],[-114.225861,34.201774],[-114.225194,34.203642],[-114.211761,34.211539],[-114.208253,34.215505],[-114.190876,34.230858],[-114.17805,34.239969],[-114.176403,34.241512],[-114.173119,34.247226],[-114.166536,34.249647],[-114.164476,34.251667],[-114.161826,34.257038],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.153346,34.258289],[-114.147159,34.259564],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.136185,34.261296],[-114.134612,34.263518],[-114.134427,34.266387],[-114.137045,34.277018],[-114.13605,34.280833],[-114.138365,34.288564],[-114.139534,34.295844],[-114.138167,34.300936],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.14093,34.305919],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.168807,34.339513],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.185556,34.354386],[-114.191094,34.356125],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.213774,34.36246],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.229686,34.368908],[-114.234275,34.376662],[-114.245261,34.385659],[-114.252739,34.3901],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.267521,34.402486],[-114.280108,34.403147],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.288663,34.406623],[-114.291751,34.411104],[-114.292226,34.417606],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.301016,34.426807],[-114.312251,34.432726],[-114.319054,34.435831],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.330669,34.445295],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.339627,34.451435],[-114.342615,34.451442],[-114.356025,34.449744],[-114.363404,34.447773],[-114.373719,34.446938],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.378852,34.450376],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.387407,34.460492],[-114.387187,34.462021],[-114.381701,34.47604],[-114.383038,34.488903],[-114.382358,34.495757],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.378223,34.516521],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.389603,34.542982],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.422382,34.580711],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.43009,34.596874],[-114.424326,34.602338],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.428648,34.614641],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.441398,34.630171],[-114.440294,34.63824],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.444276,34.646542],[-114.449549,34.651423],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.452628,34.659573],[-114.451785,34.663891],[-114.451971,34.666795],[-114.454305,34.671234],[-114.456567,34.677956],[-114.462178,34.6858],[-114.465246,34.691202],[-114.46809,34.701786],[-114.46862,34.707573],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.47162,34.712966],[-114.473682,34.713964],[-114.481954,34.716036],[-114.486768,34.7191],[-114.490971,34.724848],[-114.495858,34.727956],[-114.510292,34.733582],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.529615,34.750822],[-114.540306,34.757109],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.558653,34.773852],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.574569,34.805746],[-114.576452,34.8153],[-114.581126,34.826115],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.592339,34.841153],[-114.600653,34.847361],[-114.619878,34.856873],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.630682,34.866352],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.636768,34.885705],[-114.636725,34.889107],[-114.635425,34.895192],[-114.630877,34.907263],[-114.630552,34.911852],[-114.633237,34.92123],[-114.633253,34.924608],[-114.632196,34.930628],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.629811,34.94481],[-114.631681,34.95131],[-114.634953,34.958918],[-114.635237,34.965149],[-114.634607,34.96906],[-114.629907,34.980791],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.62919,34.991887],[-114.629928,34.99474],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.636674,35.008807],[-114.638023,35.020556],[-114.636893,35.028367],[-114.632429,35.037586],[-114.627124,35.044721],[-114.606694,35.058941],[-114.603619,35.064226],[-114.602908,35.068588],[-114.604736,35.07483],[-114.613132,35.083097],[-114.622517,35.088703],[-114.642831,35.096503],[-114.646759,35.101872],[-114.644352,35.105904],[-114.629934,35.118272],[-114.619905,35.121632],[-114.59912,35.12105],[-114.58774,35.123729],[-114.578524,35.12875],[-114.572747,35.138725],[-114.569569,35.163053],[-114.569238,35.18348],[-114.572119,35.200591],[-114.574835,35.205898],[-114.579963,35.20964],[-114.583559,35.22993],[-114.583111,35.23809],[-114.587129,35.262376],[-114.597503,35.296954],[-114.595931,35.325234],[-114.604314,35.353584],[-114.611435,35.369056],[-114.627137,35.409504],[-114.652005,35.429165],[-114.662125,35.444241],[-114.6645,35.449497],[-114.666377,35.466856],[-114.672901,35.481708],[-114.677643,35.489742],[-114.679205,35.499992],[-114.677205,35.513491],[-114.673805,35.517891],[-114.663105,35.524491],[-114.658005,35.530491],[-114.656905,35.534391],[-114.657405,35.536391],[-114.660205,35.539291],[-114.662005,35.545491],[-114.663005,35.56369],[-114.666184,35.577576],[-114.665649,35.580428],[-114.659606,35.58749],[-114.654306,35.59759],[-114.653406,35.610789],[-114.658206,35.619089],[-114.677107,35.641489],[-114.689407,35.651412],[-114.690008,35.664688],[-114.682207,35.678188],[-114.680607,35.685488],[-114.683208,35.689387],[-114.694108,35.695187],[-114.701208,35.701187],[-114.705409,35.708287],[-114.705309,35.711587],[-114.697309,35.733686],[-114.695709,35.755986],[-114.701409,35.769086],[-114.69891,35.790185],[-114.71211,35.806185],[-114.70991,35.810185],[-114.70371,35.814585],[-114.69571,35.830601],[-114.699848,35.843283],[-114.699848,35.84837],[-114.697767,35.854844],[-114.68201,35.863284],[-114.679501,35.868023],[-114.67742,35.874728],[-114.68112,35.885364],[-114.700271,35.901772],[-114.708516,35.912313],[-114.707526,35.92806],[-114.715692,35.934709],[-114.729356,35.941413],[-114.731159,35.943916],[-114.728318,35.95629],[-114.729941,35.962183],[-114.740595,35.975656],[-114.743756,35.985095],[-114.742779,36.009963],[-114.740522,36.013336],[-114.731162,36.021862],[-114.729707,36.028166],[-114.730435,36.031317],[-114.734314,36.035681],[-114.739405,36.037863],[-114.740617,36.041015],[-114.740375,36.049258],[-114.736738,36.054349],[-114.736253,36.05847],[-114.743342,36.070535],[-114.754099,36.07944],[-114.755491,36.081601],[-114.755618,36.087166],[-114.753638,36.090705],[-114.747079,36.097005],[-114.736165,36.104367],[-114.717293,36.107686],[-114.709771,36.107742],[-114.666538,36.117343],[-114.66289,36.119932],[-114.65995,36.124145],[-114.631716,36.142306],[-114.627855,36.141012],[-114.621883,36.13213],[-114.616694,36.130101],[-114.608264,36.133949],[-114.597212,36.142103],[-114.572031,36.15161],[-114.545789,36.152248],[-114.511721,36.150956],[-114.506711,36.148277],[-114.504631,36.145629],[-114.506144,36.134659],[-114.505766,36.131444],[-114.504442,36.129741],[-114.502172,36.128796],[-114.49612,36.12785],[-114.487034,36.129396],[-114.470152,36.138801],[-114.463637,36.139695],[-114.458369,36.138586],[-114.453325,36.130726],[-114.448654,36.12641],[-114.446605,36.12597],[-114.427169,36.136305],[-114.41695,36.145761],[-114.412373,36.147254],[-114.405475,36.147371],[-114.372106,36.143114],[-114.363109,36.130246],[-114.337273,36.10802],[-114.328777,36.105501],[-114.30843,36.082443],[-114.305738,36.074882],[-114.307879,36.071291],[-114.314206,36.066619],[-114.316109,36.063109],[-114.315557,36.059494],[-114.314028,36.058165],[-114.280202,36.046362],[-114.270645,36.03572],[-114.266721,36.029238],[-114.263146,36.025937],[-114.252651,36.020193],[-114.238799,36.014561],[-114.233289,36.014289],[-114.21369,36.015613],[-114.19238,36.020993],[-114.176824,36.027651],[-114.166465,36.027738],[-114.15413,36.023862],[-114.151725,36.024563],[-114.148191,36.028013],[-114.138202,36.041284],[-114.137188,36.046785],[-114.138203,36.053161],[-114.136896,36.059467],[-114.114531,36.095217],[-114.114165,36.096982],[-114.117459,36.100893],[-114.123221,36.104746],[-114.123975,36.106515],[-114.123144,36.111576],[-114.120862,36.114596],[-114.111011,36.119875],[-114.103222,36.120176],[-114.09987,36.121654],[-114.088954,36.144381],[-114.068027,36.180663],[-114.060302,36.189363],[-114.046838,36.194069],[-114.046743,36.245246],[-114.048226,36.268874],[-114.048515,36.289598],[-114.046935,36.315449],[-114.047584,36.325573],[-114.045806,36.391071],[-114.045829,36.442973],[-114.046488,36.473449],[-114.048476,36.49998],[-114.04966,36.621113],[-114.050167,36.624978],[-114.050562,36.656259],[-114.050619,36.843128],[-114.049995,36.957769],[-114.0506,37.000396],[-112.538593,37.000674]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Arizona\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"5","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elkind, Kaitlyn","contributorId":214593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elkind","given":"Kaitlyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39080,"text":"School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sankey, Temuulen T.","contributorId":173297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sankey","given":"Temuulen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7202,"text":"NAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aslan, Clare E.","contributorId":214594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aslan","given":"Clare","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":39081,"text":"Landscape Conservation Initiative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70202752,"text":"70202752 - 2019 - Regeneration of Metrosideros polymorpha forests in Hawaii after landscape‐level canopy dieback","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T08:24:25","indexId":"70202752","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T15:47:47","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Regeneration of Metrosideros polymorpha forests in Hawaii after landscape‐level canopy dieback","title":"Regeneration of Metrosideros polymorpha forests in Hawaii after landscape‐level canopy dieback","docAbstract":"Questions
(a) Have Metrosideros polymorpha trees become re‐established in Hawaiian forests previously impacted by canopy dieback in the 1970s? (b) Has canopy dieback expanded since the 1970s? (c) Can spatial patterns from this dieback be correlated with habitat factors to model future dieback in this area?
Study Site
An 83,603 ha study area on the eastern slopes of Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea volcanoes on the island of Hawaii, USA.
Methods
We analyzed very‐high‐resolution imagery to assess status of Metrosideros polymorphaforests across the eastern side of the island of Hawaii. We generated 1,170 virtual vegetation plots with a 100‐m radius; 541 plots in areas mapped in 1977 with trees dead or mostly defoliated (dieback), and 629 plots in adjacent wet forest habitat, previously mapped as non‐dieback condition. In each plot we estimated the frequency of M. polymorpha trees that were dead or mostly defoliated, and the frequency of trees with healthy crowns. These results were combined with habitat data to produce a spatial model depicting probability of canopy dieback within the study area.
Results
Seventy‐nine percent of plots mapped in 1977 in dieback condition recovered their canopy and were now considered in non‐dieback condition. Ninety‐one percent of plots in previous non‐dieback areas were found to still have a healthy M. polymorpha canopy in 2015. A spatial model allowed us to identify areas within the study area with high, medium, and low probability of experiencing this same type of canopy dieback in the future.
Conclusions
Most former dieback areas mapped within the study area in 1977 now show recovery of the tree canopy through growth of new cohorts of young M. polymorpha trees. This suggests these forest communities are resilient to this type of canopy loss and tree death so long as other factors do not disrupt the natural regeneration process.
The Missouri groundwater-level observation well network is a series of wells across the State of Missouri in which groundwater levels are monitored in real time and periodically. The wells monitor the water levels in multiple key aquifers, such as the Ozark aquifer in the Salem and Springfield Plateaus and the Mississippi Alluvial Plain aquifer in the South-eastern Lowlands. As of 2018, 150 real-time sites are operated as a cooperative effort between the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MoDNR) and the U.S. Geological Survey. This fact sheet describes the network and well data from the network.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193009","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.C., 2019, The Missouri groundwater-level observation well network (ver. 1.1, March 22, 2019): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2019–3009, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193009.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-098850","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362261,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3009/versionHist.txt","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":361919,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3009/fs20193009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2019-3009"},{"id":361918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3009/coverthb3.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.545006,36.336809],[-89.605668,36.342234],[-89.615841,36.336085],[-89.620255,36.323006],[-89.611819,36.309088],[-89.578492,36.288317],[-89.554289,36.277751],[-89.539487,36.277368],[-89.534507,36.261802],[-89.539229,36.248821],[-89.562206,36.250909],[-89.577544,36.242262],[-89.602374,36.238106],[-89.642182,36.249486],[-89.678046,36.248284],[-89.695235,36.252766],[-89.705328,36.239898],[-89.69263,36.224959],[-89.607004,36.171179],[-89.591605,36.144096],[-89.59307,36.129699],[-89.601936,36.11947],[-89.666598,36.095802],[-89.678821,36.084636],[-89.688577,36.029238],[-89.706932,36.000981],[-90.37789,35.995683],[-90.351732,36.025347],[-90.34909,36.040131],[-90.339343,36.047112],[-90.333261,36.067504],[-90.320746,36.071326],[-90.320662,36.087138],[-90.29991,36.098236],[-90.294492,36.112949],[-90.266256,36.120559],[-90.235585,36.139474],[-90.231386,36.147348],[-90.23537,36.159153],[-90.220425,36.184764],[-90.21128,36.183392],[-90.188189,36.20536],[-90.152497,36.215582],[-90.14224,36.227522],[-90.126366,36.229367],[-90.130114,36.240307],[-90.118219,36.253491],[-90.114922,36.265595],[-90.086471,36.271531],[-90.06398,36.303038],[-90.081961,36.322097],[-90.074074,36.342895],[-90.077695,36.348478],[-90.066297,36.3593],[-90.064514,36.382085],[-90.078671,36.399116],[-90.138512,36.413952],[-90.134231,36.422827],[-90.143743,36.424433],[-90.143798,36.428483],[-90.134136,36.436602],[-90.137323,36.455411],[-90.141101,36.461791],[-90.155804,36.463555],[-90.152888,36.47093],[-90.142222,36.470554],[-90.143683,36.476029],[-90.158838,36.479558],[-90.159305,36.492446],[-90.152481,36.497952],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.617975,37.722176],[-94.607354,39.113444],[-94.589933,39.140403],[-94.591933,39.155003],[-94.608834,39.160503],[-94.640035,39.153103],[-94.662435,39.157603],[-94.663835,39.179103],[-94.680336,39.184303],[-94.714137,39.170403],[-94.741938,39.170203],[-94.763138,39.179903],[-94.781518,39.206146],[-94.811663,39.206594],[-94.831679,39.215938],[-94.835056,39.220658],[-94.825663,39.241729],[-94.831471,39.256273],[-94.84632,39.268481],[-94.887056,39.28648],[-94.905329,39.311952],[-94.910017,39.352543],[-94.88136,39.370383],[-94.879281,39.37978],[-94.885026,39.389801],[-94.901823,39.392798],[-94.92311,39.384492],[-94.942039,39.389499],[-94.946293,39.405646],[-94.972952,39.421705],[-94.982144,39.440552],[-95.0375,39.463689],[-95.045716,39.472459],[-95.052177,39.499996],[-95.082714,39.516712],[-95.109304,39.542285],[-95.113077,39.559133],[-95.103228,39.577783],[-95.089515,39.581028],[-95.064519,39.577115],[-95.049277,39.589583],[-95.046361,39.599557],[-95.055152,39.621657],[-95.053367,39.630347],[-95.027644,39.665454],[-95.018318,39.672869],[-94.984149,39.67785],[-94.971317,39.68641],[-94.971206,39.729305],[-94.965318,39.739065],[-94.948726,39.745593],[-94.902612,39.724202],[-94.875643,39.730494],[-94.862943,39.742994],[-94.860743,39.763094],[-94.869644,39.772894],[-94.912293,39.759338],[-94.934262,39.773642],[-94.935206,39.78313],[-94.929654,39.788282],[-94.884084,39.794234],[-94.875944,39.813294],[-94.878677,39.826522],[-94.886933,39.833098],[-94.916918,39.836138],[-94.942567,39.856602],[-94.928466,39.876344],[-94.929574,39.888754],[-94.95154,39.900533],[-94.986975,39.89667],[-95.00844,39.900596],[-95.024389,39.891202],[-95.027931,39.871522],[-95.037767,39.865542],[-95.085003,39.861883],[-95.128166,39.874165],[-95.140601,39.881688],[-95.143802,39.901918],[-95.149657,39.905948],[-95.179453,39.900062],[-95.199347,39.902709],[-95.206326,39.912121],[-95.20069,39.928155],[-95.204428,39.938949],[-95.250254,39.948644],[-95.269886,39.969396],[-95.302507,39.984357],[-95.315271,40.01207],[-95.356876,40.031522],[-95.387195,40.02677],[-95.40726,40.033112],[-95.416824,40.043235],[-95.42164,40.058952],[-95.409856,40.07432],[-95.407591,40.09803],[-95.394216,40.108263],[-95.39284,40.115887],[-95.398667,40.126419],[-95.428749,40.135577],[-95.436348,40.15872],[-95.460746,40.169173],[-95.479193,40.185652],[-95.482757,40.197346],[-95.469718,40.227908],[-95.477501,40.24272],[-95.490333,40.248966],[-95.521925,40.24947],[-95.552473,40.261904],[-95.556325,40.267714],[-95.550966,40.285947],[-95.562157,40.297359],[-95.581787,40.29958],[-95.610439,40.31397],[-95.642262,40.306025],[-95.657328,40.310856],[-95.653729,40.322582],[-95.625204,40.334288],[-95.623728,40.346567],[-95.641027,40.366399],[-95.643934,40.386849],[-95.659134,40.40869],[-95.65819,40.44188],[-95.693133,40.469396],[-95.699969,40.505275],[-95.661687,40.517309],[-95.652262,40.538114],[-95.655848,40.546609],[-95.671754,40.562626],[-95.678718,40.56256],[-95.694147,40.556942],[-95.69505,40.533124],[-95.708591,40.521551],[-95.722444,40.528118],[-95.75711,40.52599],[-95.769281,40.536656],[-95.763366,40.550797],[-95.773549,40.578205],[-95.765645,40.585208],[-94.632035,40.571186],[-94.080463,40.572899],[-92.689854,40.589884],[-91.729115,40.61364],[-91.716769,40.59853],[-91.686357,40.580875],[-91.690804,40.559893],[-91.681714,40.553035],[-91.6219,40.542292],[-91.618028,40.53403],[-91.621353,40.510072],[-91.590817,40.492292],[-91.574746,40.465664],[-91.52509,40.457845],[-91.524053,40.448437],[-91.533623,40.43832],[-91.519935,40.433673],[-91.526555,40.419872],[-91.522333,40.409648],[-91.498093,40.401926],[-91.489816,40.404317],[-91.484507,40.3839],[-91.465116,40.385257],[-91.465009,40.376223],[-91.452458,40.375501],[-91.441243,40.386255],[-91.419422,40.378264],[-91.444833,40.36317],[-91.46214,40.342414],[-91.492727,40.278217],[-91.490524,40.259498],[-91.505828,40.238839],[-91.505495,40.195606],[-91.512974,40.181062],[-91.508224,40.157665],[-91.510322,40.127994],[-91.489606,40.057435],[-91.494878,40.036453],[-91.465315,39.983995],[-91.41936,39.927717],[-91.41988,39.916533],[-91.443513,39.893583],[-91.446922,39.883034],[-91.436051,39.84551],[-91.377971,39.811273],[-91.361571,39.787548],[-91.370009,39.732524],[-91.3453,39.709402],[-91.27614,39.665759],[-91.229317,39.620853],[-91.181936,39.602677],[-91.174651,39.593313],[-91.168419,39.564928],[-91.153628,39.548248],[-91.100307,39.538695],[-91.079769,39.507728],[-91.064305,39.494643],[-91.059439,39.46886],[-91.03827,39.448436],[-90.993789,39.422959],[-90.940766,39.403984],[-90.928745,39.387544],[-90.904862,39.379403],[-90.893777,39.367343],[-90.8475,39.345272],[-90.816851,39.320496],[-90.793461,39.309498],[-90.751599,39.265432],[-90.72996,39.255894],[-90.717113,39.213912],[-90.707902,39.15086],[-90.686051,39.117785],[-90.681086,39.10059],[-90.681994,39.090066],[-90.712541,39.057064],[-90.71158,39.046798],[-90.678193,38.991851],[-90.675949,38.96214],[-90.657254,38.92027],[-90.639917,38.908272],[-90.625122,38.888654],[-90.583388,38.86903],[-90.555693,38.870785],[-90.500117,38.910408],[-90.486974,38.925982],[-90.482419,38.94446],[-90.472122,38.958838],[-90.440078,38.967364],[-90.395816,38.960037],[-90.309454,38.92412],[-90.250248,38.919344],[-90.109407,38.843548],[-90.123107,38.798048],[-90.166409,38.772649],[-90.176309,38.754449],[-90.20991,38.72605],[-90.20921,38.70275],[-90.18641,38.67475],[-90.181325,38.660381],[-90.17801,38.63375],[-90.18451,38.611551],[-90.196011,38.594451],[-90.222112,38.576451],[-90.260314,38.528352],[-90.285215,38.443453],[-90.295316,38.426753],[-90.349743,38.377609],[-90.368219,38.340254],[-90.373929,38.281853],[-90.353902,38.213855],[-90.331554,38.18758],[-90.290765,38.170453],[-90.274928,38.157615],[-90.243116,38.112669],[-90.218708,38.094365],[-90.17222,38.069636],[-90.158533,38.074735],[-90.130788,38.062341],[-90.126612,38.043981],[-90.11052,38.026547],[-90.08826,38.015772],[-90.059367,38.015543],[-90.051357,38.003584],[-90.03241,37.995258],[-90.00011,37.964563],[-89.978919,37.962791],[-89.942099,37.970121],[-89.933797,37.959143],[-89.925085,37.960021],[-89.932467,37.947497],[-89.959646,37.940196],[-89.974918,37.926719],[-89.952499,37.883218],[-89.923185,37.870672],[-89.901832,37.869822],[-89.844786,37.905572],[-89.799333,37.881517],[-89.796087,37.859505],[-89.786369,37.851734],[-89.782035,37.855092],[-89.739873,37.84693],[-89.71748,37.825724],[-89.669644,37.799922],[-89.660227,37.781032],[-89.667993,37.759484],[-89.665546,37.752095],[-89.64953,37.745498],[-89.617278,37.74972],[-89.612478,37.740036],[-89.596566,37.732886],[-89.583316,37.713261],[-89.516685,37.692762],[-89.51204,37.680985],[-89.517718,37.641217],[-89.478399,37.598869],[-89.47603,37.590226],[-89.486062,37.580853],[-89.519808,37.582748],[-89.521925,37.560735],[-89.517051,37.537278],[-89.475525,37.471388],[-89.439769,37.4372],[-89.421054,37.387668],[-89.432836,37.347056],[-89.489005,37.333368],[-89.511842,37.310825],[-89.51834,37.285497],[-89.489915,37.251315],[-89.470525,37.253357],[-89.458827,37.248661],[-89.467631,37.2182],[-89.456105,37.18812],[-89.42558,37.138235],[-89.37871,37.094586],[-89.375712,37.080505],[-89.384681,37.048251],[-89.362397,37.030156],[-89.322982,37.01609],[-89.29213,36.992189],[-89.278628,36.98867],[-89.263527,37.00005],[-89.257608,37.015496],[-89.260003,37.023288],[-89.304752,37.047565],[-89.310819,37.057897],[-89.30829,37.068371],[-89.259936,37.064071],[-89.25493,37.072014],[-89.234053,37.037277],[-89.200793,37.016164],[-89.192097,36.979995],[-89.185491,36.973518],[-89.170008,36.970298],[-89.125069,36.983499],[-89.109498,36.976563],[-89.099594,36.964543],[-89.100762,36.944002],[-89.117567,36.887356],[-89.131944,36.857437],[-89.137969,36.847349],[-89.1704,36.841522],[-89.178888,36.831368],[-89.179229,36.812915],[-89.171069,36.798119],[-89.155891,36.789126],[-89.12353,36.785309],[-89.116563,36.767557],[-89.126134,36.751735],[-89.166888,36.759633],[-89.184523,36.753638],[-89.197808,36.739412],[-89.19948,36.716045],[-89.169522,36.688878],[-89.169467,36.674596],[-89.15908,36.666352],[-89.197654,36.628936],[-89.202607,36.601576],[-89.217447,36.576159],[-89.236542,36.566824],[-89.258318,36.564948],[-89.278935,36.577699],[-89.326731,36.632186],[-89.365548,36.625059],[-89.375453,36.615719],[-89.382762,36.583603],[-89.41977,36.493896],[-89.448468,36.46442],[-89.464153,36.457189],[-89.486215,36.46162],[-89.494248,36.475972],[-89.465888,36.529946],[-89.467761,36.546847],[-89.479093,36.568206],[-89.500076,36.576305],[-89.542459,36.580566],[-89.566817,36.564216],[-89.571241,36.547343],[-89.560344,36.525436],[-89.519501,36.475419],[-89.523427,36.456572],[-89.543406,36.43877],[-89.545255,36.427079],[-89.509722,36.373626],[-89.519,36.3486],[-89.545006,36.336809]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Missouri\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: March 18, 2019; Version 1.1: March 22, 2019","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road, MS-100
Rolla, MO 65401
Acoustic sampling for occurrence of the endangered Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) was conducted at 12 locations on U. S. Army installations on O‘ahu Island, Hawai‘i. Bats were confirmed as present at 10 of these locations: Dillingham Military Reservation, Helemano Military Reservation, Kahuku Training Area, Kawailoa Training Area, Mākua Military Reservation, Schofield Barracks East Range, Schofield Barracks West Range, Schofield Barracks (Mendonca Park Housing), Tripler Army Medical Center, and Wheeler Army Airfield. Our acoustic sampling did not record bat vocalizations at Fort DeRussy or Fort Shafter. Despite the presence of bats at the above 10 locations, foraging activity as identified from characteristic feeding buzzes was observed only at East Range and West Range of Schofield Barracks. Nevertheless, Hawaiian hoary bats were recorded actively searching for prey in airspace at 10 of the 12 areas during important periods of Hawaiian hoary bat life history, including periods of pregnancy, lactation, and pup fledging. Within-night bat activity pooled for all nights and detectors at each location showed bat activity was mostly confined to the first several hours of the night. This acoustic study detected bats at lower rates of occurrence (frequency of detection [“f”] = 0.07) compared to detection probabilities (“dp”) observed on the islands of Hawai‘i (dp = 0.56) and Maui (dp = 0.27), implying either behavioral differences or that they occur at lower densities on O‘ahu. The rate is also consistent with results from two previous acoustic studies conducted on O‘ahu; a year long monitoring study in the northern Ko‘olau Mountains in 2014 (dp = 0.08), and short-term seasonal Army monitoring efforts in 2012 (dp = 0.05 to 0.06).
","language":"English","publisher":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit","usgsCitation":"Bonaccorso, F., Montoya-Aiona, K., and Pinzari, C., 2019, Hawaiian hoary bat acoustic monitoring on U.S. Army O`ahu facilities: Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report 089, iii, 29 p.","productDescription":"iii, 29 p.","ipdsId":"IP-099168","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":377492,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10790/4575"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.64144897460938,\n 21.305368181768486\n ],\n [\n -157.7190399169922,\n 21.47223956115867\n ],\n [\n -157.97584533691406,\n 21.722507166179135\n ],\n [\n -158.05412292480466,\n 21.682952865478285\n ],\n [\n -158.13514709472656,\n 21.595512131225064\n ],\n [\n -158.2848358154297,\n 21.585296624503037\n ],\n [\n -158.28140258789062,\n 21.561670505560077\n ],\n [\n -158.23471069335938,\n 21.531014668261573\n ],\n [\n -158.23814392089844,\n 21.476073444092435\n ],\n [\n -158.2086181640625,\n 21.448595053724944\n ],\n [\n -158.18389892578125,\n 21.400655238970007\n ],\n [\n -158.1591796875,\n 21.365489378938964\n ],\n [\n -158.1049346923828,\n 21.282336521195344\n ],\n [\n -157.92572021484375,\n 21.290014142310017\n ],\n [\n -157.85224914550778,\n 21.275938197452824\n ],\n [\n -157.81105041503906,\n 21.241382442916304\n ],\n [\n -157.68882751464844,\n 21.25034212072746\n ],\n [\n -157.64144897460938,\n 21.305368181768486\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonaccorso, Frank 0000-0002-5490-3083 fbonaccorso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5490-3083","contributorId":143709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonaccorso","given":"Frank","email":"fbonaccorso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montoya-Aiona, Kristina 0000-0002-1776-5443 kmontoya-aiona@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1776-5443","contributorId":5899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montoya-Aiona","given":"Kristina","email":"kmontoya-aiona@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pinzari, Corinna A. 0000-0001-9794-7564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-7564","contributorId":208455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinzari","given":"Corinna A.","affiliations":[{"id":13341,"text":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70219067,"text":"70219067 - 2019 - Understanding organic matter heterogeneity and maturation rate by Raman spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-23T14:44:11.665397","indexId":"70219067","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-17T09:38:46","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding organic matter heterogeneity and maturation rate by Raman spectroscopy","docAbstract":"Solid organic matter (OM) in sedimentary rocks produces petroleum and solid bitumen when it undergoes thermal maturation. The solid OM is a ‘geomacromolecule’, usually representing a mixture of various organisms with distinct biogenic origins, and can have high heterogeneity in composition. Programmed pyrolysis is a common method to reveal bulk geochemical characteristics of the dominant OM, while detailed organic petrography is required to reveal information about the biogenic origin of contributing macerals. Despite the advantages of programmed pyrolysis, it cannot provide information about the heterogeneity of chemical compositions present in the individual OM types. Therefore, other analytical techniques such as Raman spectroscopy are necessary.
In this study, we compared geochemical characteristics and Raman spectra of two sets of naturally and artificially matured Bakken source rock samples. A continuous Raman spectral map on solid bitumen particles was created from the artificially matured hydrous pyrolysis residues, in particular, to show the systematic chemical modifications in microscale. Spectroscopic data was plotted for both sets against thermal maturity to compare maturation rate/path for these two separate groups. The outcome showed that artificial maturation through hydrous pyrolysis does not follow the same trend as naturally-matured samples although having similar solid bitumen reflectance values (%SBRo).
Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy of solid bitumen from artificially matured samples indicated the heterogeneity of OM decreases as maturity increases. This may represent an alteration in chemical structure towards more uniform compounds at higher maturity. This study may emphasize the necessity of using analytical methods such as Raman spectroscopy along with conventional geochemical methods to better reveal the underlying chemical structure of OM. Finally, observation by Raman spectroscopy of chemical alteration of OM during artificial maturation may assist in the proposal of improved pyrolysis protocols to better resemble natural geologic processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2019.03.009","usgsCitation":"Khatibi, S., Ostadhassan, M., Hackley, P.C., Tuschel, D., Abarghani, A., and Bubach, B., 2019, Understanding organic matter heterogeneity and maturation rate by Raman spectroscopy: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 206, p. 46-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2019.03.009.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"64","ipdsId":"IP-101108","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467811,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2019.03.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P975KILE","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Analyzing Heterogeneity in Artificially Matured Samples of Bakken Shales (2018)"},{"id":384583,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.029541015625,\n 46.28622391806706\n ],\n [\n -98.93188476562499,\n 46.28622391806706\n ],\n [\n -98.93188476562499,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -104.029541015625,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -104.029541015625,\n 46.28622391806706\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"206","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Khatibi, Seyedalireza","contributorId":255596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khatibi","given":"Seyedalireza","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51594,"text":"Univ. North Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostadhassan, Mehdi","contributorId":255578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostadhassan","given":"Mehdi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17628,"text":"University of North Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tuschel, David","contributorId":255597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuschel","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51595,"text":"HORIBA Scientific","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abarghani, Arash","contributorId":255576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abarghani","given":"Arash","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17628,"text":"University of North Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bubach, Bailey","contributorId":255598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bubach","given":"Bailey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51594,"text":"Univ. North Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70202298,"text":"sir20195003 - 2019 - Climate, streamflow, and lake-level trends in the Great Lakes Basin of the United States and Canada, water years 1960–2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T16:14:59","indexId":"sir20195003","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-14T16:15:18","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-5003","displayTitle":"Climate, Streamflow, and Lake-Level Trends in the Great Lakes Basin of the United States and Canada, Water Years 1960–2015","title":"Climate, streamflow, and lake-level trends in the Great Lakes Basin of the United States and Canada, water years 1960–2015","docAbstract":"Water levels in the Great Lakes fluctuate substantially because of complex interactions among inputs (precipitation and streamflow), outputs (evaporation and outflow), and other factors. This report by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative was completed to describe trends in climate, streamflow, lake levels, and major water-budget components within the Great Lakes Basin for water years (WYs) 1960–2015 (study period). Resulting trends are applicable only to the study period and should not be considered indicative of longer-term trends.
Analyses of climate trends used monthly data from the Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model, which are available only for the United States. Trend tests were completed for annual and seasonal time series of monthly means for total precipitation, daily minimum air temperature (Tmin), and daily maximum air temperature (Tmax). Statistical significance for all time-trend tests (climate, streamflow, and lake levels) was determined using the Mann‑Kendall test for probability values less than or equal to 0.10. Trend analyses were completed without adjustments for serial correlation; however, a modified Mann-Kendall test was subsequently used to examine potential effects of short-term persistence in time-series data. Effects of short-term persistence were considered inconsequential for climate data and minor for streamflow data; however, the presence of short-term persistence in water-budget components had more substantial effects on trend analyses.
Spatial distributions of trends in climatic data for WYs 1960–2015 for the U.S. part of the Great Lakes Basin (land only) indicate (1) generally ubiquitous upward trends in Tmin and (2) a sharp transition from neutral or downward trends in precipitation northwest of Lake Michigan to generally upward trends east of Lake Michigan. Trends in Tmax were not statistically significant. Analyses of annual climatic data aggregated for the U.S. land part of the Great Lakes Basin indicated statistically significant upward trends for precipitation and Tmin, and similar statistically significant trends existed for all the individual lake subbasins except Lake Superior.
Of 103 U.S. Geological Survey streamgages analyzed for streamflow trends, 71 had significant annual trends (54 upward and 17 downward). Downward trends in annual streamflow are concentrated northwest of Lake Michigan (16 streamgages), and upward trends are concentrated east of Lake Michigan (53 streamgages). Of the 71 streamgages with significant annual trends, 70 had at least one season with a significant trend that matched the annual trend direction.
Of 35 Environment and Climate Change Canada streamgages analyzed, 22 had significant upward trends in annual streamflow, and all but 1 of these 22 had at least one season with a significant upward trend. None of the Environment and Climate Change Canada streamgages had significant downward annual trends, and only one had a significant downward seasonal trend.
Trends in lake levels and several major water-budget components affecting lake levels were analyzed for the study period. Significant downward trends in lake level and outflow for Lake Superior are driven primarily by low lake levels and outflows during WYs 1998–2014. A significant downward trend in runoff from the contributing drainage area also is indicated, which is consistent with numerous streamgages northwest of Lake Michigan with significant downward trends in annual streamflow. A significant upward trend in annual overlake evaporation also is indicated, which is consistent with the spatially distributed upward trends in annual Tmin.
The sum of overlake precipitation and runoff from the contributing drainage area for each of the Great Lakes, less overlake evaporation, composes a variable called net basin supply (NBS). A significant downward trend in NBS is indicated for Lake Superior, which is consistent with significant trends for individual components of runoff (downward) and evaporation (upward) that contributed to a significant downward trend for lake outflow. Statistically significant upward trends in NBS for Lake Saint Clair and Lake Ontario offset the downward trend for Lake Superior and combine with nonsignificant upward trends in NBS for Lakes Michigan and Huron and Lake Erie to produce a neutral trend in NBS for the basin.
A predictable pattern in monthly mean lake levels is noted for Lake Superior, with the minimum for each year usually during or near March and the maximum commonly during or near September or October. When an October lake level is in a period of substantial decline, potential for an ensuing short-term period of below-mean lake levels is enhanced. Downstream from Lake Superior, monthly lake levels have sawtooth patterns that somewhat resemble those for Lake Superior but with decreased predictability in timing.
Similar to Lake Superior, Lakes Michigan and Huron, Lake Saint Clair, and Lake Erie all have a prolonged period of low lake levels around WYs 1998–2014; however, a significant downward trend is indicated only for Lakes Michigan and Huron. All these lakes also have a period of low lake levels before about WY 1968, when minimum lake levels were lower than during WYs 1998–2014. The significant downward trend of outflow from Lake Superior is carried downstream into Lakes Michigan and Huron; however, trends in outflow from the next three lakes downstream (Lakes Saint Clair, Erie, and Ontario) are offset by increased precipitation and runoff and are not significant.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Norton, P.A., Driscoll, D.G., and Carter, J.M., 2019, Climate, streamflow, and lake-level trends in the Great Lakes Basin of the United States and Canada, water years 1960–2015: Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5003, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195003.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 47 p.; Appendix Figures; Appendix Tables: 5","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-089551","costCenters":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362031,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5003/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":362032,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5003/sir20195003.pdf","text":"Report","size":"22.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019–5003"},{"id":362033,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5003/sir20195003_appendix_figs_1.1_to_1.103.pdf","text":"Appendix figures 1.1–1.103","size":"940 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019–5003"},{"id":362034,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5003/sir20195003_appendix_figs_1.104_to_1.138.pdf","text":"Appendix figures 1.104–1.138","size":"333 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019–5003"},{"id":362035,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5003/sir20195003_appendix_tables_1.1_to_1.5.xlsx","text":"Appendix tables 1.1–1.5","size":"132 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2019–5003"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.4716796875,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 50.035973672195496\n ],\n [\n -93.4716796875,\n 50.035973672195496\n ],\n [\n -93.4716796875,\n 41.44272637767212\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Dakota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
821 East Interstate Avenue, Bismarck, ND 58503
1608 Mountain View Road, Rapid City, SD 57702
Two hundred adult white sucker (Catostomus commersonii), age 3 years and older, were collected from the lower Sheboygan River Area of Concern in 2017, during the spring spawning run. Fish were euthanized, weighed, and measured, and any visible abnormalities were documented. Pieces of raised skin lesions as well as five to eight pieces of liver were removed and preserved for histopathological analyses. Skin and liver neoplasm prevalence was determined for assessment of the Fish Tumors or Other Deformities Beneficial Use Impairment. Although 45.5 percent of the suckers had raised skin lesions, the prevalence of skin neoplasms, either papilloma or squamous cell carcinoma, was 29.5 percent. This observation was similar to the prevalence (32.6 percent) of skin neoplasms in 2012; however, the percentage of squamous cell carcinoma was higher in 2017 (9.5 percent) than in 2012 (2.1 percent). The prevalence of liver neoplasms in 2017 (8.5 percent) was similar to that in 2012 (8.3 percent).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V.S., Walsh, H.L., Braham, R.P., and Mazik, P.M., 2019, Assessment of skin and liver neoplasms in white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) collected in the Sheboygan River Area of Concern, Wisconsin, in 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1014, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191014.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-103639","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361922,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1014/ofr20191014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.47 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1014"},{"id":361921,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1014/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lower Sheboygan River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.82230377197266,\n 43.71801614233635\n ],\n [\n -87.69132614135742,\n 43.71801614233635\n ],\n [\n -87.69132614135742,\n 43.7596885685863\n ],\n [\n -87.82230377197266,\n 43.7596885685863\n ],\n [\n -87.82230377197266,\n 43.71801614233635\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
11649 Leetown Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
Agricultural intensification has resulted in loss of natural and semi-natural habitats impacting several important ecosystem services. One group of organisms that has suffered greatly are the bees and hence pollination, the supporting ecosystem service they complete. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has implemented conservation practices designed to improve habitat for pollinators in agroecosystems by paying to recover environmentally sensitive agricultural land from production, and restoring them by planting native grass mixes, pollinator-friendly legumes and wildflowers. Our study, aimed at demonstrating the efficacy of this practice, measured diversity and abundance of wild bee genera in the agricultural landscape of eastern semiarid regions of Colorado, USA, where CRP practices were implemented. Over our 3-year study, we obtained a total of 16,207 bees belonging to 51 genera. We found inconsistent differences in number of bee genera and abundance of bees in CRP fields supplemented with wildflowers compared to those with conventional grass seed mix. However, we observed only a 40–80% overlap in bee genera between fields supplemented with wildflowers and those with grass seed mixes indicating that diversity was enhanced by having both habitats. With the caveat that 3 years is a very short period to see appreciable changes, our results suggest that recovering environmentally sensitive land can strengthen pollinator populations in landscapes dominated by agricultural activities. In addition, periodic evaluation and maintenance of these recovered lands will further support the efforts towards revitalization of ecosystem services in these areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10841-019-00125-1","usgsCitation":"Arathi, H.S., Vandever, M.W., and Cade, B.S., 2019, Diversity and abundance of wild bees in an agriculturally dominated landscape of eastern Colorado: Journal of Insect Conservation, v. 23, no. 1, p. 187-197, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-019-00125-1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"197","ipdsId":"IP-085946","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"23","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arathi, H. S.","contributorId":214123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arathi","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandever, Mark W. 0000-0003-0247-2629 vandeverm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0247-2629","contributorId":197674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandever","given":"Mark","email":"vandeverm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70216033,"text":"70216033 - 2019 - Comparison of aquatic invertebrate communities in near-shore areas with high or low boating activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T00:33:07.896697","indexId":"70216033","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-11T18:28:49","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of aquatic invertebrate communities in near-shore areas with high or low boating activity","docAbstract":"Lakeshore areas provide important habitat for aquatic invertebrates in shallow lakes. However, these zones are prone to anthropogenic disturbances that include shoreline development, urbanization, nutrient inputs, agricultural and(or) recreational use. Among recreational uses, public access sites are often developed to accommodate boaters and facilitate lake access via boat ramps. Although the ‘foot print’ associated with boat ramp structures can be relatively small compared to total shoreline coverage, little is known about the relative effects of boating activity on littoral zones and macroinvertebrate communities. In this study, we assess the relative impact of boating-related activities on aquatic macroinvertebrate communities at high-use (primary) and low-use (secondary) boat ramps on five glacial lakes of eastern South Dakota. Macroinvertebrate assemblages were dominated by few taxa that included Chironomidae, Corixidae, Caenidae, and Amphipoda. Moreover, boat ramp use did not influence abundance or diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates. Habitat, specifically substrate composition, was also similar between primary and secondary boat ramps despite more intense use associated with primary boat ramps. Our results support related findings that aquatic invertebrate assemblages in the Prairie Pothole Region are structured by regional environmental variability (climate, habitat, and water quality) resulting in communities with characteristically low diversity and tolerant taxa. This may explain why small-scale disturbance associated with boating activity has no discernable effect on macroinvertebrate assemblages in glacial lakes of the Prairie Pothole Region.
The painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) is widely distributed from coast to coast in North America with each of four subspecies generally occupying different regions. In the southwestern USA and northern Mexico, where C. p. bellii is the expected native race, populations are small and widelyscattered. Introduced populations of other painted turtle subspecies are reported from various locations in the USA. We discovered a small but dense introduced population of C. p. marginata on the Colorado Plateau in northern Arizona, a region with few, if any, turtles due to aridity and an elevated topography with little surface water. The turtles were in a remote pond constructed to provide cattle with water. Chrysemys p. marginata occur naturally east of the Mississippi River, over 2,000 km away. The nearest native population of C. p. bellii in Arizona is over 160 km away. We observed nesting females, juveniles, and the presence of shelled eggs in females via Xradiography confirming a self-sustaining population. The body sizes and nesting season we observed were consistent with data for those variables from native populations of the taxon. It is unknown exactly how the turtles came to be established in such a remote location, but it is unlikely that they will spread due to the scarcity of perennial water sources in the semi-arid region. Due to increasing drought frequency and duration in the region, small populations like this one, introduced into a novel environment, may be bellwethers for monitoring the effects of climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Herpetological Society of Japan","doi":"10.5358/hsj.38.91","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J.E., Christman, B.L., Cummings, K.L., Norris, J., Puffer, S., and Jones, C., 2019, An introduced breeding population of Chrysemys picta marginata in the Kaibab National Forest, northern Arizona: Current Herpetology, v. 38, no. 1, p. 91-98, https://doi.org/10.5358/hsj.38.91.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"98","ipdsId":"IP-101843","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Kaibab National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.63458251953125,\n 34.951241964789645\n ],\n [\n -111.73095703125,\n 34.951241964789645\n ],\n [\n -111.73095703125,\n 35.655064568953875\n ],\n [\n -112.63458251953125,\n 35.655064568953875\n ],\n [\n -112.63458251953125,\n 34.951241964789645\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christman, Bruce L.","contributorId":207392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christman","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cummings, Kristy L. 0000-0002-8316-5059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-5059","contributorId":202061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummings","given":"Kristy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norris, Jenna 0000-0003-1312-4478","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1312-4478","contributorId":214059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norris","given":"Jenna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38973,"text":"Formerly USGS SBSC Flagstaff, AZ now at NAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Puffer, Shellie R. 0000-0003-4957-0963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-0963","contributorId":193099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puffer","given":"Shellie R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Christina","contributorId":214060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Christina","affiliations":[{"id":38974,"text":"Arizona Game and Fish Department, Terrestrial Wildlife Branch, 5000 W. Carefree Highway, Phoenix, AZ 85086-5000","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70202351,"text":"sim3427 - 2019 - Structure contour and overburden maps of the Niobrara interval of the Upper Cretaceous Cody Shale in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T13:15:55","indexId":"sim3427","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-07T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3427","displayTitle":"Structure Contour and Overburden Maps of the Niobrara Interval of the Upper Cretaceous Cody Shale in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming","title":"Structure contour and overburden maps of the Niobrara interval of the Upper Cretaceous Cody Shale in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The Wind River Basin in central Wyoming is one of many structural and sedimentary basins that formed in the Rocky Mountain foreland during the Laramide orogeny. The basin is bounded by the Washakie, Owl Creek, and southern Bighorn uplifts on the north, the Casper arch on the east, the Granite Mountains uplift on the south, and Wind River uplift on the west.
The first commercial oil well in Wyoming was drilled at Dallas dome near an oil seep along the southwestern edge of the Wind River Basin in 1884. Since then, many important conventional oil and gas fields, that produce from reservoirs ranging in age from Mississippian through Tertiary, have been discovered in this basin. In addition, an extensive unconventional (continuous) overpressured basin-centered gas accumulation has been identified in Cretaceous and Tertiary strata in the deeper parts of the basin. It has been suggested that various Upper Cretaceous marine shales, including the Cody Shale, are the principal hydrocarbon source rocks for many of these accumulations. With recent advances in horizontal drilling and multistage fracture stimulation, there has been an increase in exploration and completion of wells in equivalent marine shales in other Rocky Mountain Laramide basins that were traditionally thought of only as hydrocarbon source rocks. The maps presented in this report were constructed as part of a project carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey to characterize the geologic framework of potential undiscovered continuous (unconventional) oil and gas resources of the Niobrara interval of the Upper Cretaceous Cody Shale in the Wind River Basin in central Wyoming.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3427","usgsCitation":"Finn, T.M., 2019, Structure contour and overburden maps of the Niobrara interval of the Upper Cretaceous Cody Shale in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3427, pamphlet 9 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:500,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3427","productDescription":"Report: iii, 9 p.; 2 Sheets: 32.0 x 22.0 inches and 32.01 x 22.0 inches; Database release; Read Me","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-094046","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361865,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BZ65CN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tops file for the Niobrara interval of the Upper Cretaceous Cody Shale and associated strata in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming"},{"id":361751,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3427/coverthb_sheet1.jpg"},{"id":361752,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3427/sim3427_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3427 Pamphlet"},{"id":361754,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3427/sim3427_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2—Map Showing Depth to the Base of the Niobrara Interval of the Upper Cretaceous Cody Shale in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming ","size":"1.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3427 Sheet 2"},{"id":361755,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3427/sim3427_Readme.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"8.00 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIM 3427 Read Me"},{"id":361753,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3427/sim3427_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1—Structure Contour Map of the Niobrara Interval of the Upper Cretaceous Cody Shale in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming ","size":"1.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3427 Sheet 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Wind River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 43.75\n ],\n [\n -106.5,\n 43.75\n ],\n [\n -106.5,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 42.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE), completed a study to quantify the spatial and temporal variability of cyanobacterial blooms in Milford Lake, Kansas, over a range of environmental conditions at various time scales (hours to months). A better understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of cyanobacteria and microcystin will inform sampling and management strategies for Milford Lake and for other lakes with cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (CyanoHAB) issues throughout the Nation. Spatial and temporal variability were assessed in the upstream one-third of Milford Lake (designated as “Zone C” by KDHE) during May through November 2016 using a combination of time-lapse photography, continuous water-quality monitors, discrete phytoplankton, chlorophyll, and microcystin samples, and spatially dense near-surface data. Combined, these data were used to characterize variability of cyanobacterial abundance, algal biomass, and microcystin concentrations in Zone C of Milford Lake before, during, and after cyanobacterial blooms in 2016.
Temporal patterns were evaluated during May through November 2016 using time-lapse photography at six locations in Zone C and at a single point location (the Wakefield site) using a combination of discrete and continuously measured water-quality data (including the cyanobacterial pigment phycocyanin). Based on time-lapse photography, CyanoHABs developed in Zone C of Milford Lake in early July and persisted through the end of November. Bloom accumulations at individual sites were dependent on wind direction. After a change in wind direction, it would take about 1 day for accumulations to become visible at different locations. During periods with low wind, accumulations were widespread and visible at all sites. Cyanobacteria were absent from the algal community at the Wakefield site in late May and were a minor component of the community in June; however, by mid-July the cyanobacteria were dominant and remained dominant until early November.
Chlorophyll and microcystin concentrations at the Wakefield site were estimated using sensor-measured phycocyanin based on regression models developed for Zone C. Regression-estimated concentrations likely are more indicative of seasonal patterns in algal biomass (as indicated by chlorophyll concentrations) and microcystin than discretely collected samples because regression-estimated data have a much higher temporal resolution. Based on regression estimates, algal biomass and microcystin concentrations at the Wakefield site steadily increased from May through August. After August, concentrations decreased but remained relatively high compared to May and June. Daily chlorophyll maxima were as much as 400 times higher than daily minima, and daily microcystin maxima were as many as several orders of magnitude higher than daily minima. The extreme variability in algal biomass and microcystin concentrations at the Wakefield site reflects the development and dissipation of blooms, as indicated by the time-lapse cameras.
Based on regression-estimated microcystin concentrations, the KDHE watch and warning thresholds for microcystin were exceeded during mid-June through late November. Exceedance of KDHE advisory thresholds often changed from no advisory to watch or warning over the course of the day because of the variability in algal biomass and microcystin concentrations caused by bloom development and dissipation. Continuous water-quality monitors may be useful in informing public-health decisions in lakes with variable CyanoHAB conditions; however, site-specific models need to be developed, and best practices for using continuous water-quality monitors to inform CyanoHAB management strategies need to be established.
Spatial data were collected on May 26, July 21, and September 15, 2016, using a combination of a boat-mounted array and discrete water-quality samples analyzed for phytoplankton community composition and chlorophyll and microcystin concentrations. Spatial patterns were described using regression-estimated chlorophyll and microcystin concentrations. During the May 26, 2016, spatial surveys, cyanobacterial abundances were relatively low throughout Zone C and did not exceed KDHE guidance values compared to spatial surveys on July 21 and September 15. Regression-estimated chlorophyll concentrations were indicative of higher algal biomass uplake in Zone C, and decreases in the downlake direction towards Zone B. Regression-estimated chlorophyll concentrations also were more variable uplake than downlake. Based on regression estimates, microcystin concentrations did not exceed KDHE guidance values anywhere in Zone C on May 26. Spatial patterns in microcystin throughout Zone C did not match patterns in regression-estimated chlorophyll concentrations, likely because the algal community was not dominated by cyanobacteria at most locations in May.
During the July 21, 2016, spatial surveys, cyanobacterial abundances in Zone C exceeded KDHE guidance values in 50 percent of samples. The algal community in Zone C was dominated by cyanobacteria at all locations except two, where cyanobacteria codominated with diatoms. Both locations where cyanobacteria and diatoms codominated were north of the causeway. Regression-estimated chlorophyll concentrations were indicative of higher algal biomass north of the causeway and on the eastern shore of Zone C. On July 21, algal biomass did not always decrease in the downlake direction. There was a decrease just south of the causeway but an increase shortly after with higher concentrations into Zone B. Spatial maps indicated changes in algal distribution at a 0.5-meter depth, with algae moving to the central part of the lake north of the causeway and along the eastern shore south of the causeway. Most regression-estimated microcystin concentrations on July 21 exceeded KDHE guidance values, reflecting the pervasive bloom conditions in Zone C during this period. Spatial patterns in regression-estimated microcystin concentrations throughout Zone C were similar to patterns seen in discrete samples and regression-estimated chlorophyll concentrations, with higher concentrations north of the causeway and on the east shore of Zone C.
During the September 15, 2016, spatial surveys, cyanobacterial abundances did not exceed KDHE guidance values. The algal community north of the causeway was dominated by diatoms. The algal community throughout the rest of Zone C was dominated by cyanobacteria. Of regression-estimated microcystin concentrations on September 15, 80 percent did not exceed KDHE guidance values. Spatial patterns indicated northward movement of the cyanobacterial bloom consistent with a wind shift noted the previous day. On September 14, winds were generally from the north to northwest, shifting to the south by September 15. There was a northward progression of chlorophyll and microcystin during the spatial surveys. These data, along with the camera data and spatial and wind data from May and July, indicate that wind can be a major driver of the spatial and temporal variability of cyanobacterial blooms in Milford Lake and likely plays a role in the extent and duration of near-shore accumulations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185166","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment","usgsCitation":"Foster, G.M., Graham, J.L., and King, L.R., 2019, Spatial and temporal variability of harmful algal blooms in Milford Lake, Kansas, May through November 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5166, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185166.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 36 p.; Appendixes: 28 p.; Data Releases: 4","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-093516","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361764,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F78S4P4M","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Water-quality data from two sites on Milford Lake, Kansas, May 25–26, June 8–10, July 20–21, and September 14–15, 2016"},{"id":361765,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7JH3KCV","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Time-lapse photography of Milford Lake, Kansas, June through November 2016"},{"id":361760,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5166/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":361763,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DJ5DVX","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Milford Lake, Kansas spatial water-quality data, May 26, June 9, July 14, July 21, and September 15, 2016"},{"id":361761,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5166/sir20185166.PDF","text":"Report","size":"13.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018–5166"},{"id":361762,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5166/sir20185166_appendixes.pdf","text":"Appendix 1 and 2","size":"571 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018–5166 Appendixes 1 and 2"},{"id":361766,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7513XFN","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Phytoplankton data for Milford Lake, Kansas, May through November 2016"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Milford Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 38.982897808179985\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 39.38526381099774\n ],\n [\n -96.49017333984375,\n 39.38526381099774\n ],\n [\n -96.49017333984375,\n 38.982897808179985\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 38.982897808179985\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}\n\n\n\n","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
In the U.S., about 44 million people rely on self-supplied groundwater for drinking water. Because most self-supplied homeowners do not treat their water to control corrosion, drinking water can be susceptible to lead (Pb) contamination from metal plumbing. To assess the types and locations of susceptible groundwater, a geochemical reaction model that included pure Pb minerals and solid solutions of calcite (CaxPb1–xCO3) and apatite [CaxPb5-x(PO4)3(OH; Cl; F)] was developed to estimate the lead solubility potential (LSP) for over 8300 untreated groundwater samples collected from domestic and public-supply sites between 2000 and 2016 in the U.S. The LSP is the calculated amount of Pb metal that could dissolve at 25 °C before a Pb-bearing mineral precipitates. About 33% of untreated groundwater samples had LSP greater than 15 μg/L—the USEPA action level for dissolved plus particulate forms of Pb. Five percent of samples had high LSP (above 300 μg/L) and tended to occur in the eastern and southeastern U.S. Measured Pb concentrations above 15 μg/L were rarely detected (<1%) but always coincided with high LSP values. Future work will provide a better understanding of the relation between water chemistry, Pb-mineral formation, and dissolved Pb concentrations in tap water.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.8b04475","usgsCitation":"Jurgens, B., Parkhurst, D.L., and Belitz, K., 2019, Assessing the lead solubility potential of untreated groundwater of the United States: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 53, no. 6, p. 3095-3103, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04475.","productDescription":"Article: 9 p.; Data Release ","startPage":"3095","endPage":"3103","ipdsId":"IP-083634","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04475","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367412,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":367411,"rank":1,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F79S1Q0D","text":"Data for Assessing the Lead Solubility Potential of Untreated Groundwater of the United States"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n -93.63087,\n 48.60926\n ],\n [\n -92.61,\n 48.45\n ],\n [\n -91.64,\n 48.14\n ],\n [\n -90.83,\n 48.27\n ],\n [\n -89.6,\n 48.01\n ],\n [\n -89.27292,\n 48.01981\n ],\n [\n -88.37811,\n 48.30292\n ],\n [\n -87.43979,\n 47.94\n ],\n [\n -86.46199,\n 47.55334\n ],\n [\n -85.65236,\n 47.22022\n ],\n [\n -84.87608,\n 46.90008\n ],\n [\n -84.77924,\n 46.6371\n ],\n [\n -84.54375,\n 46.53868\n ],\n [\n -84.6049,\n 46.4396\n ],\n [\n -84.3367,\n 46.40877\n ],\n [\n -84.14212,\n 46.51223\n ],\n [\n -84.09185,\n 46.27542\n ],\n [\n -83.89077,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.61613,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.46955,\n 45.99469\n ],\n [\n -83.59285,\n 45.81689\n ],\n [\n -82.55092,\n 45.34752\n ],\n [\n -82.33776,\n 44.44\n ],\n [\n -82.13764,\n 43.57109\n ],\n [\n -82.43,\n 42.98\n ],\n [\n -82.9,\n 42.43\n ],\n [\n -83.12,\n 42.08\n ],\n [\n -83.142,\n 41.97568\n ],\n [\n -83.02981,\n 41.8328\n ],\n [\n -82.69009,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -82.43928,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -81.27775,\n 42.20903\n ],\n [\n -80.24745,\n 42.3662\n ],\n [\n -78.93936,\n 42.86361\n ],\n [\n -78.92,\n 42.965\n ],\n [\n -79.01,\n 43.27\n ],\n [\n -79.17167,\n 43.46634\n ],\n [\n -78.72028,\n 43.62509\n ],\n [\n -77.73789,\n 43.62906\n ],\n [\n -76.82003,\n 43.62878\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n 44.01846\n ],\n [\n -76.375,\n 44.09631\n ],\n [\n -75.31821,\n 44.81645\n ],\n [\n -74.867,\n 45.00048\n ],\n [\n -73.34783,\n 45.00738\n ],\n [\n -71.50506,\n 45.0082\n ],\n [\n -71.405,\n 45.255\n ],\n [\n -71.08482,\n 45.30524\n ],\n [\n -70.66,\n 45.46\n ],\n [\n -70.305,\n 45.915\n ],\n [\n -69.99997,\n 46.69307\n ],\n [\n -69.23722,\n 47.44778\n ],\n [\n -68.905,\n 47.185\n ],\n [\n -68.23444,\n 47.35486\n ],\n [\n -67.79046,\n 47.06636\n ],\n [\n -67.79134,\n 45.70281\n ],\n [\n -67.13741,\n 45.13753\n ],\n [\n -66.96466,\n 44.8097\n ],\n [\n -68.03252,\n 44.3252\n ],\n [\n -69.06,\n 43.98\n ],\n [\n -70.11617,\n 43.68405\n ],\n [\n -70.64548,\n 43.09024\n ],\n [\n -70.81489,\n 42.8653\n ],\n [\n -70.825,\n 42.335\n ],\n [\n -70.495,\n 41.805\n ],\n [\n -70.08,\n 41.78\n ],\n [\n -70.185,\n 42.145\n ],\n [\n -69.88497,\n 41.92283\n ],\n [\n -69.96503,\n 41.63717\n ],\n [\n -70.64,\n 41.475\n ],\n [\n -71.12039,\n 41.49445\n ],\n [\n -71.86,\n 41.32\n ],\n [\n -72.295,\n 41.27\n ],\n [\n -72.87643,\n 41.22065\n ],\n [\n -73.71,\n 40.9311\n ],\n [\n -72.24126,\n 41.11948\n ],\n [\n -71.945,\n 40.93\n ],\n [\n -73.345,\n 40.63\n ],\n [\n -73.982,\n 40.628\n ],\n [\n -73.95232,\n 40.75075\n ],\n [\n -74.25671,\n 40.47351\n ],\n [\n -73.96244,\n 40.42763\n ],\n [\n -74.17838,\n 39.70926\n ],\n [\n -74.90604,\n 38.93954\n ],\n [\n -74.98041,\n 39.1964\n ],\n [\n -75.20002,\n 39.24845\n ],\n [\n -75.52805,\n 39.4985\n ],\n [\n -75.32,\n 38.96\n ],\n [\n -75.07183,\n 38.78203\n ],\n [\n -75.05673,\n 38.40412\n ],\n [\n -75.37747,\n 38.01551\n ],\n [\n -75.94023,\n 37.21689\n ],\n [\n -76.03127,\n 37.2566\n ],\n [\n -75.72205,\n 37.93705\n ],\n [\n -76.23287,\n 38.31921\n ],\n [\n -76.35,\n 39.15\n ],\n [\n -76.54272,\n 38.71762\n ],\n [\n -76.32933,\n 38.08326\n ],\n [\n -76.99,\n 38.23999\n ],\n [\n -76.30162,\n 37.91794\n ],\n [\n -76.25874,\n 36.9664\n ],\n [\n -75.9718,\n 36.89726\n ],\n [\n -75.86804,\n 36.55125\n ],\n [\n -75.72749,\n 35.55074\n ],\n [\n -76.36318,\n 34.80854\n ],\n [\n -77.39763,\n 34.51201\n ],\n [\n -78.05496,\n 33.92547\n ],\n [\n -78.55435,\n 33.86133\n ],\n [\n -79.06067,\n 33.49395\n ],\n [\n -79.20357,\n 33.15839\n ],\n [\n -80.30132,\n 32.50935\n ],\n [\n -80.86498,\n 32.0333\n ],\n [\n -81.33629,\n 31.44049\n ],\n [\n -81.49042,\n 30.72999\n ],\n [\n -81.31371,\n 30.03552\n ],\n [\n -80.98,\n 29.18\n ],\n [\n -80.53558,\n 28.47213\n ],\n [\n -80.53,\n 28.04\n ],\n [\n -80.05654,\n 26.88\n ],\n [\n -80.08801,\n 26.20576\n ],\n [\n -80.13156,\n 25.81677\n ],\n [\n -80.38103,\n 25.20616\n ],\n [\n -80.68,\n 25.08\n ],\n [\n -81.17213,\n 25.20126\n ],\n [\n -81.33,\n 25.64\n ],\n [\n -81.71,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -82.24,\n 26.73\n ],\n [\n -82.70515,\n 27.49504\n ],\n [\n -82.85526,\n 27.88624\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 28.55\n ],\n [\n -82.93,\n 29.1\n ],\n [\n -83.70959,\n 29.93656\n ],\n [\n -84.1,\n 30.09\n ],\n [\n -85.10882,\n 29.63615\n ],\n [\n -85.28784,\n 29.68612\n ],\n [\n -85.7731,\n 30.15261\n ],\n [\n -86.4,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -87.53036,\n 30.27433\n ],\n [\n -88.41782,\n 30.3849\n ],\n [\n -89.18049,\n 30.31598\n ],\n [\n -89.59383,\n 30.15999\n ],\n [\n -89.41373,\n 29.89419\n ],\n [\n -89.43,\n 29.48864\n ],\n [\n -89.21767,\n 29.29108\n ],\n [\n -89.40823,\n 29.15961\n ],\n [\n -89.77928,\n 29.30714\n ],\n [\n -90.15463,\n 29.11743\n ],\n [\n -90.88022,\n 29.14854\n ],\n [\n -91.62678,\n 29.677\n ],\n [\n -92.49906,\n 29.5523\n ],\n [\n -93.22637,\n 29.78375\n ],\n [\n -93.84842,\n 29.71363\n ],\n [\n -94.69,\n 29.48\n ],\n [\n -95.60026,\n 28.73863\n ],\n [\n -96.59404,\n 28.30748\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 27.83\n ],\n [\n -97.37,\n 27.38\n ],\n [\n -97.38,\n 26.69\n ],\n [\n -97.33,\n 26.21\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -97.53,\n 25.84\n ],\n [\n -98.24,\n 26.06\n ],\n [\n -99.02,\n 26.37\n ],\n [\n -99.3,\n 26.84\n ],\n [\n -99.52,\n 27.54\n ],\n [\n -100.11,\n 28.11\n ],\n [\n -100.45584,\n 28.69612\n ],\n [\n -100.9576,\n 29.38071\n ],\n [\n -101.6624,\n 29.7793\n ],\n [\n -102.48,\n 29.76\n ],\n [\n -103.11,\n 28.97\n ],\n [\n -103.94,\n 29.27\n ],\n [\n -104.45697,\n 29.57196\n ],\n [\n -104.70575,\n 30.12173\n ],\n [\n -105.03737,\n 30.64402\n ],\n [\n -105.63159,\n 31.08383\n ],\n [\n -106.1429,\n 31.39995\n ],\n [\n -106.50759,\n 31.75452\n ],\n [\n -108.24,\n 31.75485\n ],\n [\n -108.24194,\n 31.34222\n ],\n [\n -109.035,\n 31.34194\n ],\n [\n -111.02361,\n 31.33472\n ],\n [\n -113.30498,\n 32.03914\n ],\n [\n -114.815,\n 32.52528\n ],\n [\n -114.72139,\n 32.72083\n ],\n [\n -115.99135,\n 32.61239\n ],\n [\n -117.12776,\n 32.53534\n ],\n [\n -117.29594,\n 33.04622\n ],\n [\n -117.944,\n 33.62124\n ],\n [\n -118.4106,\n 33.74091\n ],\n [\n -118.51989,\n 34.02778\n ],\n [\n -119.081,\n 34.078\n ],\n [\n -119.43884,\n 34.34848\n ],\n [\n -120.36778,\n 34.44711\n ],\n [\n -120.62286,\n 34.60855\n ],\n [\n -120.74433,\n 35.15686\n ],\n [\n -121.71457,\n 36.16153\n ],\n [\n -122.54747,\n 37.55176\n ],\n [\n -122.51201,\n 37.78339\n ],\n [\n -122.95319,\n 38.11371\n ],\n [\n -123.7272,\n 38.95166\n ],\n [\n -123.86517,\n 39.76699\n ],\n [\n -124.39807,\n 40.3132\n ],\n [\n -124.17886,\n 41.14202\n ],\n [\n -124.2137,\n 41.99964\n ],\n [\n -124.53284,\n 42.76599\n ],\n [\n -124.14214,\n 43.70838\n ],\n [\n -124.02053,\n 44.6159\n ],\n [\n -123.89893,\n 45.52341\n ],\n [\n -124.07963,\n 46.86475\n ],\n [\n -124.39567,\n 47.72017\n ],\n [\n -124.68721,\n 48.18443\n ],\n [\n -124.5661,\n 48.37971\n ],\n [\n -123.12,\n 48.04\n ],\n [\n -122.58736,\n 47.096\n ],\n [\n -122.34,\n 47.36\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 48.18\n ],\n [\n -122.84,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -117.03121,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -116.04818,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -110.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -107.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.04826,\n 48.99986\n ],\n [\n -100.65,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -97.22872,\n 49.0007\n ],\n [\n -95.15907,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.15609,\n 49.38425\n ],\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":203430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":213728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70206406,"text":"70206406 - 2019 - An assessment of plant species differences on cellulose oxygen isotopes from two Kenai Peninsula, Alaska peatlands: Implications for hydroclimatic reconstructions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T08:34:48","indexId":"70206406","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-05T11:51:02","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of plant species differences on cellulose oxygen isotopes from two Kenai Peninsula, Alaska peatlands: Implications for hydroclimatic reconstructions","docAbstract":"Peat cores are valuable archives of past environmental change because they accumulate plant organic matter over millennia. While studies have primarily focused on physical, ecological, and some biogeochemical proxies, cores from peatlands have increasingly been used to interpret hydroclimatic change using stable isotope analyses of cellulose preserved in plant remains. Previous studies indicate that the stable oxygen isotope compositions (δ18O) preserved in alpha cellulose extracted from specific plant macrofossils reflect the δ18O values of past peatland water and thereby provide information on long-term changes in hydrology in response to climate. Oxygen isotope analyses of peat cellulose (δ18Ocellulose) have been successfully developed from peat cores that accumulate the same species for millennia. However, to fully exploit the potential of this proxy in species-diverse fens, studies are needed that account for the isotopic variations caused by changes in dominant species composition. This study assesses variation in δ18O values among peatland plant species and how they relate to environmental waters in two fens informally named Horse Trail and Goldfin, located on the leeward (dry) and windward (wet) side, respectively, of the climatic gradient across the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Environmental water δ18O values at both fens reflect unmodified δ18O values of mean annual precipitation, although at Goldfin standing pools were slightly influenced by evaporation. Modern plant [mosses and Carex spp. (sedges)] δ18Ocellulose values indicate that all Carex spp. are higher (~2.5‰) than those of mosses, likely driven by their vascular structure and ecophysiological difference from non-vascular mosses. Moss δ18Ocellulose values within each peatland are similar among the species, and differences appear related to evaporation effects on environmental waters within hummocks and hollows. The plant taxa-environmental water δ18O differences are applied to the previously determined Horse Trail Fen untreated bulk δ18O record. Results include significant changes to inferred millennial-to-centennial scale hydroclimatic trends where dominant taxa shift from moss to Carex spp., indicating that modern calibration datasets are necessary for interpreting stable isotopes from fens, containing a mix of vascular and nonvascular plants. Accounting for isotopic offsets through macrofossil analysis and modern plant-water isotope measurements opens new opportunities for hydroclimatic reconstructions from fen peatlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/feart.2019.00025","usgsCitation":"Jones, M., Anderson, L., Keller, K., Nash, B., Littell, V., Wooller, M.J., and Jolley, C., 2019, An assessment of plant species differences on cellulose oxygen isotopes from two Kenai Peninsula, Alaska peatlands: Implications for hydroclimatic reconstructions: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 7, 25, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00025.","productDescription":"25, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-102651","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":368887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arc Lake, Bear Lake, Bear Mountain Lake, Browse Lake, Headquarters Lake, Horse Trail clearing, Kenai Lake, Lower Ohmer Lake, Portage Lake, Skilak Lake, Summit Lake, Tern Lake, Upper Ohmer Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.578369140625,\n 59.9274956808828\n ],\n [\n -149.04052734375,\n 59.9274956808828\n ],\n [\n -149.04052734375,\n 60.919754532399686\n ],\n [\n -151.578369140625,\n 60.919754532399686\n ],\n [\n -151.578369140625,\n 59.9274956808828\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -173.485107421875,\n 60.10319489936693\n ],\n [\n -171.826171875,\n 60.10319489936693\n ],\n [\n -171.826171875,\n 60.925093815014655\n ],\n [\n -173.485107421875,\n 60.925093815014655\n ],\n [\n -173.485107421875,\n 60.10319489936693\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Miriam 0000-0002-6650-7619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":201994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":774422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Lesleigh 0000-0002-5264-089X land@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-089X","contributorId":436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Lesleigh","email":"land@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keller, Katherine 0000-0001-6915-5455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6915-5455","contributorId":218048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keller","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39732,"text":"Natural Systems Analysts, Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nash, Bailey 0000-0001-6423-2773 bnash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6423-2773","contributorId":220192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"Bailey","email":"bnash@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40146,"text":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":774425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Littell, Virginia","contributorId":220193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Littell","given":"Virginia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40147,"text":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wooller, Matthew J.","contributorId":192799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wooller","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jolley, Chelsea","contributorId":220194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jolley","given":"Chelsea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26916,"text":"Brigham Young University, Provo, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70202464,"text":"70202464 - 2019 - Isotopic and petrologic investigation, and a thermomechanical model of genesis of large-volume rhyolites in arc environments: Karymshina Volcanic Complex, Kamchatka, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-15T11:51:18","indexId":"70202464","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-04T15:25:29","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic and petrologic investigation, and a thermomechanical model of genesis of large-volume rhyolites in arc environments: Karymshina Volcanic Complex, Kamchatka, Russia","docAbstract":"The Kamchatka Peninsula of eastern Russia is currently one of the most volcanically active areas on Earth where a combination of >8 cm/yr subduction convergence rate and thick continental crust generates large silicic magma chambers, reflected by abundant large calderas and caldera complexes. This study examines the largest center of silicic 4-0.5 Ma Karymshina Volcanic Complex, which includes the 25 × 15 km Karymshina caldera, the largest in Kamchatka. A series of rhyolitic tuff eruptions at 4 Ma were followed by the main eruption at 1.78 Ma and produced an estimated 800 km3 of rhyolitic ignimbrites followed by high-silica rhyolitic post-caldera extrusions. The postcaldera domes trace the 1.78 Ma right fracture and form a continuous compositional series with ignimbrites. We here present results of a geologic, petrologic, and isotopic study of the Karymshina eruptive complex, and present new Ar-Ar ages, and isotopic values of rocks for the oldest pre- 1.78 Ma caldera ignimbrites and intrusions, which include a diversity of compositions from basalts to rhyolites. Temporal trends in δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr, and 144Nd/143Nd indicate values comparable to neighboring volcanoes, increase in homogeneity, and temporal increase in mantle-derived Sr and Nd with increasing differentiation over the last 4 million years. Data are consistent with a batholithic scale magma chamber formed by primarily fractional crystallization of mantle derived composition and assimilation of Cretaceous and younger crust, driven by basaltic volcanism and mantle delaminations. All rocks have 35–45% quartz, plagioclase, biotite, and amphibole phenocrysts. Rhyolite-MELTS crystallization models favor shallow (2 kbar) differentiation conditions and varying quantities of assimilated amphibolite partial melt and hydrothermally-altered silicic rock. Thermomechanical modeling with a typical 0.001 km3/yr eruption rate of hydrous basalt into a 38 km Kamchatkan arc crust produces two magma bodies, one near the Moho and the other engulfing the entire section of upper crust. Rising basalts are trapped in the lower portion of an upper crustal magma body, which exists in a partially molten to solid state. Differentiation products of basalt periodically mix with the resident magma diluting its crustal isotopic signatures. At the end of the magmatism crust is thickened by 8 km. Thermomechanical modeling show that the most likely way to generate large spikes of rhyolitic magmatism is through delamination of cumulates and mantle lithosphere after many millions of years of crustal thickening. The paper also presents a chemical dataset for Pacific ashes from ODDP 882 and 883 and compares them to Karymshina ignimbrites and two other Pleistocene calderas studied by us in earlier works.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/feart.2018.00238","usgsCitation":"Bindeman, I.N., Leonov, V.L., Colon, D.P., Rogozin, A.N., Shipley, N., Jicha, B., Loewen, M.W., and Gerya, T.V., 2019, Isotopic and petrologic investigation, and a thermomechanical model of genesis of large-volume rhyolites in arc environments: Karymshina Volcanic Complex, Kamchatka, Russia: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 6, 238; 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00238.","productDescription":"238; 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-102469","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00238","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361712,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Kamchatka","volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bindeman, Ilya N.","contributorId":175500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bindeman","given":"Ilya","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leonov, Vladimir L.","contributorId":213917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leonov","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38929,"text":"Institute of Volcanology and Seismology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colon, Dylan P.","contributorId":213918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colon","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rogozin, Aleksey N.","contributorId":213919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogozin","given":"Aleksey","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":38929,"text":"Institute of Volcanology and Seismology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shipley, Niccole","contributorId":213921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shipley","given":"Niccole","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jicha, Brian","contributorId":213920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jicha","given":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Loewen, Matthew W. 0000-0002-5621-285X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-285X","contributorId":213321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loewen","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gerya, Taras V.","contributorId":213922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerya","given":"Taras","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12483,"text":"ETH Zurich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}