Landscape context structures fish abundance and dynamics, and understanding trends in fish abundance across the landscape is often prerequisite for effective conservation. In this study, we evaluated the status and trends of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Shenandoah National Park to understand how these are structured across bedrock geology, elevation, and stream size.
We used long-term monitoring data from 94 sites in Shenandoah National Park to evaluate trends in Brook Trout abundance over a 27-year period (1996–2022) and assess the importance of local environmental covariates using a hierarchical Bayesian N-mixture model based on depletion sampling. Focal covariates were chosen for their demonstrated importance in structuring fish populations in Shenandoah National Park and elsewhere. Bedrock geology controls sensitivity to acid deposition, watershed area is related to stream habitat features such as complexity and flow variability, and elevation creates gradients in temperature.
Models revealed significant decreases in adult Brook Trout abundance over time (95% credible intervals < 0) for 31 of 94 sites (33%), and at least three sites exhibited apparent extirpations over the study period. Estimated Brook Trout abundance declined by 50% or more in approximately 70% of streams across the park over the study period. Sites with the warmest water temperatures exhibited the fastest declines in abundance. However, large watersheds on poorly buffered bedrock exhibited significant gains in abundance over time, suggesting some recovery from acid deposition due to improvements in air quality.
Our analysis revealed large and divergent changes in Brook Trout abundance over recent decades and suggests the importance of local water temperature and acid sensitivity as probable causal mechanisms. These results highlight the importance of considering local factors when evaluating long-term trends in stream fish populations. Results of this study can assist the development of targeted conservation actions within Shenandoah National Park and elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10460","usgsCitation":"Childress, E., Demarest, D., Wofford, J.E., Hitt, N.P., and Letcher, B., 2024, Strong variation in Brook Trout trends across geology, elevation, and stream size in Shenandoah National Park: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 153, no. 2, p. 250-263, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10460.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"263","ipdsId":"IP-150752","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499264,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10460","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":426485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.5730072818129,\n 37.84539890269417\n ],\n [\n -77.41219734606564,\n 37.84539890269417\n ],\n [\n -77.41219734606564,\n 39.434228970300325\n ],\n [\n -79.5730072818129,\n 39.434228970300325\n ],\n [\n -79.5730072818129,\n 37.84539890269417\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"153","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childress, Evan S.","contributorId":214287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Childress","given":"Evan S.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demarest, David E","contributorId":334666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demarest","given":"David E","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wofford, John E.B.","contributorId":334667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wofford","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.B.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":238185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":242666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70251695,"text":"70251695 - 2024 - A biodynamic model predicting copper and cadmium bioaccumulation in caddisflies: Linkages between field studies and laboratory exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-23T12:42:15.770548","indexId":"70251695","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-22T06:40:12","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7774,"text":"PLoSOne","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A biodynamic model predicting copper and cadmium bioaccumulation in caddisflies: Linkages between field studies and laboratory exposures","docAbstract":"Hydropsyche and Arctopsyche are filter-feeding caddisflies (Order: Trichoptera; Family: Hydropsychidae) that are commonly used to monitor metal exposures in rivers. While tissue residue concentrations provide important bioaccumulation data regarding metal bioavailability, they do not provide information regarding the mechanisms of uptake and loss, or exposure history. This study examined the physiological processes that control Cu and Cd uptake and loss using a biokinetic bioaccumulation model. Larvae of each taxon were experimentally exposed to either water or food enriched with stable isotopes (65Cu and 106Cd). Dissolved Cu uptake (ku) was similar between species (2.6–3.4 L-1g 1d-1), but Cd uptake was 3-fold higher in Hydropsyche than Arctopsyche (1.85 L-1g 1d-1 and 0.60 L-1g 1d-1, respectively). Cu and Cd efflux rates (ke) were relatively fast (0.14 d-1–0.24 d-1) in both species, and may explain, in part, their metal tolerance to mine-impacted rivers. Food ingestion rates (IR), assimilation efficiency (AE) of 65Cu and 106Cd from laboratory diets were also derived and used in a biodynamic model to quantify the relative contribution of dissolved and dietary exposure routes. Results from the biodynamic model were compared to tissue concentrations observed in a long-term field study and indicated that because dissolved Cu and Cd exposures accounted for less than 20% of body concentrations of either taxon, dietary exposure was the predominant metal pathway. An estimation of exposure history was determined using the model to predict steady state concentrations. Under constant exposure conditions (dissolved plus diet), steady state concentrations were reached in less than 30 days, an outcome largely influenced by rapid efflux (ke).
Polyphase groundmasses (micro-scale minerals with or without glass) are generated from silicate liquids during the cooling of natural lavas often alongside larger minerals formed long before eruption. Many researchers have posited that compositions gleaned from the analysis of groundmasses closely approximate the compositions of the melts they were derived from, and these have been used frequently to model pre-eruptive magma conditions. However, it is difficult to confidently identify and sample these groundmasses once they are formed. Using a sample of lava that exhibits a wide degree of textural variation (ranging from holocrystalline to hypohyaline) we show that compositions of groundmasses sampled using defocused electron beams are significantly different from glass compositions in terms of mean composition and covariance. Despite this, several groundmass compositions qualify as ‘in equilibrium’ with matrix/rim olivine. When processed using available thermometers, however, modelled equilibrium temperatures are significantly higher than those produced using glass data, on average. Because of this, we prescribe caution in using polyphase groundmass data generated using defocused beam analysis even as a rudimentary approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ggr.12546","usgsCitation":"Coulthard, D.A., Iizuka, Y., Zellmer, G., and Brahm, R., 2024, Statistical perspective on the petrologic utility of polyphase groundmass compositions inferred via defocused beam electron probe microanalysis: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, v. 48, no. 2, p. 345-358, https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12546.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"358","ipdsId":"IP-152919","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coulthard, Daniel A. Jr. 0000-0003-1688-1378","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1688-1378","contributorId":344950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coulthard","given":"Daniel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iizuka, Yoshiyuki","contributorId":344930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iizuka","given":"Yoshiyuki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36479,"text":"Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zellmer, Georg F.","contributorId":344933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zellmer","given":"Georg F.","affiliations":[{"id":82435,"text":"Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brahm, Raimundo","contributorId":344934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brahm","given":"Raimundo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82437,"text":"Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70251687,"text":"70251687 - 2024 - Wildfire burn severity and stream chemistry influence aquatic invertebrate and riparian avian mercury exposure in forested ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T14:57:51.913096","indexId":"70251687","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-21T07:08:21","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildfire burn severity and stream chemistry influence aquatic invertebrate and riparian avian mercury exposure in forested ecosystems","docAbstract":"Terrestrial soils in forested landscapes represent some of the largest mercury (Hg) reserves globally. Wildfire can alter the storage and distribution of terrestrial-bound Hg via reemission to the atmosphere or mobilization in watersheds where it may become available for methylation and uptake into food webs. Using data associated with the 2007 Moonlight and Antelope Fires in California, we examined the long-term direct effects of wildfire burn severity on the distribution and magnitude of Hg concentrations in riparian food webs. Additionally, we quantified the cross-ecosystem transfer of Hg from aquatic invertebrate to riparian bird communities; and assessed the influence of biogeochemical, landscape variables, and ecological factors on Hg concentrations in aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Benthic macroinvertebrate methylmercury (MeHg) and riparian bird blood total mercury (THg) concentrations varied by 710- and 760-fold, respectively, and Hg concentrations were highest in predators. We found inconsistent relationships between Hg concentrations across and within taxa and guilds in response to stream chemical parameters and burn severity. Macroinvertebrate scraper MeHg concentrations were influenced by dissolved organic carbon (DOC); however, that relationship was moderated by burn severity (as burn severity increased the effect of DOC declined). Omnivorous bird Hg concentrations declined with increasing burn severity. Overall, taxa more linked to in situ energetic pathways may be more responsive to the biogeochemical processes that influence MeHg cycling. Remarkably, 8 years post-fire, we still observed evidence of burn severity influencing Hg concentrations within riparian food webs, illustrating its overarching role in altering the storage and redistribution of Hg and influencing biogeochemical processes.
Sedimentary basins provide a deep time archive of tectonic and Earth-surface processes that can be leveraged by detrital mineral U-Pb dating and geochemistry to track paleogeography, magmatism, and crustal evolution. Zircon preserves the long-term (billions of years) record of supercontinent cycles; however, it is biased toward preserving felsic crustal records. Detrital rutile complements the detrital zircon record by providing constraints on the time and temperature of rifting and mafic magmatism, metamorphism, exhumation of the middle and lower crust, subduction, and amagmatic orogenesis. We use detrital zircon U-Pb and detrital rutile U-Pb geochronology and trace element analysis of Permian to Eocene siliciclastic rocks in the southern Pyrenees to capture supercontinent cycles of ocean basins opening and closing. Detrital rutile age spectra show peaks at ca. 100 Ma associated with rifting and hyperextension in the Pyrenean realm, 200 Ma associated with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, and 330 Ma, 375 Ma, and 400 Ma associated with subduction and Rheic Ocean crust formation. Zr-in-rutile thermometry and rutile Cr-Nb systematics provide further insight into metamorphic facies (peak metamorphic temperatures) and source rock lithology (mafic versus felsic affinity). Detrital zircon age spectra have peaks at ca. 300 Ma, 450 Ma, and 600 Ma associated with major orogenic events and felsic magmatism, and Th/U ratios provide information on relative zircon formation temperatures. Comparison of these independent records shows that detrital rutile reflects rifting, magma-poor orogenesis, and oceanic lithospheric processes, while detrital zircon detects continental lithospheric processes. Integrated detrital zircon and rutile data sets archive past geological events across multiple Wilson cycles.
Sex-related differences in vital rates that drive population change reflect the basic life history of a species. However, for visually monomorphic bird species, determining the effect of sex on demographics can be a challenge. In this study, we investigated the effect of sex on apparent survival, recruitment, and breeding propensity in the Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), a monochromatic, slightly size dimorphic species with known age, known sex, and known breeding history data collected during 1996–2019 (n = 2127 birds) from three breeding colonies on Ross Island, Antarctica. Using a multistate capture–mark–recapture maximum-likelihood model, we estimated apparent survival (
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.10859","usgsCitation":"Morandini, V., Dugger, K., Schmidt, A., Varsani, A., Lescroel, A., Ballard, G., Lyver, P., Barton, K., and Ainley, D., 2024, Sex-specific recruitment rates contribute to male-biased sex ratio in Adélie penguins: Ecology and Evolution, v. 14, no. 2, e10859, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10859.","productDescription":"e10859, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-156686","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10859","text":"External Repository"},{"id":429929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morandini, Virginia","contributorId":264177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morandini","given":"Virginia","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X cdugger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":4399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"cdugger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":902898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Annie","contributorId":197714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Annie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":902899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Varsani, Arvind","contributorId":287197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varsani","given":"Arvind","affiliations":[{"id":12431,"text":"ASU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lescroel, Amelie","contributorId":197715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lescroel","given":"Amelie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":902901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballard, Grant","contributorId":275195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"Grant","affiliations":[{"id":48619,"text":"pbcs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lyver, Phil O'B.","contributorId":338019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyver","given":"Phil O'B.","affiliations":[{"id":81069,"text":"Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barton, Kerry","contributorId":65746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Kerry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":902904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ainley, David","contributorId":275713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ainley","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":56884,"text":"htha","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70251235,"text":"fs20233037 - 2024 - The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Florida's economy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-27T17:40:52.522326","indexId":"fs20233037","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-20T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-3037","displayTitle":"The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Florida’s Economy","title":"The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Florida's economy","docAbstract":"Florida has the longest coastline of any State in the contiguous United States, and its coastal resources are one of the main drivers of its economic growth. High-quality elevation data are beneficial for use in emergency management, especially for hurricane response, recovery, and mitigation, as well as for coastal zone management, flood risk management, infrastructure planning, agriculture, forestry, and natural resources management. Having regional or statewide elevation data coverage that was collected at about the same time allows for improved results from in-depth modeling and more meaningful analysis to support the State’s Chief Science Officer, Geographic Information Officer, State agencies, water management districts, and local governments that will use these data for decision making. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.
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National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 511
Reston, VA 20192
Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Legacy contaminants and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) were assessed in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) tissue and diet samples from three drainages in the Milwaukee estuary, Wisconsin, USA, to understand exposures and possible biomarker responses. Two remote Wisconsin lakes were assessed for comparative purposes. Bioaccumulative classes of contaminants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, while at higher concentrations than the reference lakes, did not vary significantly among sites or among the three drainages. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were assessed in diet and sediment and were from primarily pyrogenic sources. Ten biomarkers were assessed relative to contaminant exposure. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were elevated above reference conditions at all Milwaukee sites but did not correlate with any measured biomarker responses. Only one site, Cedarburg, just downstream from a Superfund site, had elevated PCBs compared to other sites in the Milwaukee estuary. Few non-organochlorine insecticides or herbicides were detected in tree swallow liver tissue, except for the atrazine metabolite desethylatrazine. Few pharmaceuticals and personal care products were detected in liver tissue except for N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, iopamidol, and two antibiotics. The present study is one of the most comprehensive assessments to date, along with the previously published Maumee River data, on the exposure and effects of a wide variety of CECs in birds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1–22. © 2024 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Water production from petroleum (oil and natural gas) wells is a topic of increasing environmental and economic importance, yet quantification efforts have been limited to date, and patterns between and within petroleum plays are largely unscrutinized. Additionally, classification of reservoirs as “unconventional” (also known as “continuous”) carries scientific and regulatory importance, but in some cases the distinction from \"conventional\" wells is unclear. Using water, oil, and gas production data, we calculated a set of quantitative metrics that elucidate trends in the water-to-petroleum ratio over the life of each producing well. The percent growth of the water-to-petroleum ratio quantifies the degree to which a well “waters out” over time; values calculated for 153,900 wells in 18 oil and gas plays show generally much higher values for conventional wells than for continuous/unconventional wells. Analysis of the percent growth along with the slope and median metrics reveals greater variation between conventional plays and between continuous (unconventional) plays than previously recognized. Further, an example from the Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin, USA, illustrates that, within a single play, the metrics provide insight into spatial variation of water production trends, as influenced by geology and reservoir characteristics. By quantifying the variability of water production trends within individual plays and between plays, including differences between conventional and continuous (unconventional) plays, these results provide a more nuanced view of water production from oil and gas wells than has previously been possible and they illustrate the degree to which water management considerations vary spatially and temporally.
The introduction of iterative ensemble smoothers (IES) for parameter calibration opens avenues for expanding parameter space in surface water hydrologic modeling. Here, we have introduced independent parameters into a model calibration experiment to estimate errors in rainfall forcing data. This approach has the potential to estimate rainfall errors using other hydrological observations and to improve model calibration. Using high-resolution rain gauge data, we estimated “real” rainfall errors across the Turkey River watershed at storm and daily scales. Tests on synthetic and real-world scenarios successfully estimated errors correlated with observed values – even at daily scales. However, a bias remained from model parameter compensation, and identifying errors was challenging for low precipitation and snowfall. Despite synthetic results showing good error correlation, the biases in parameter identification masked potential improvements in hydrological calibration. This study highlights the potential of IES to provide additional information on rainfall errors, even only using streamflow observations.
Conservation is increasingly focused on preventing losses in species’ populations before they occur. Tracking changes in demographic parameters that can impact a population’s resilience in response to drivers of global change can support early conservation efforts. We assessed trends in population productivity (late summer juveniles per 100 females) relative to drivers of global change in 40 pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) herds across sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) steppe in Wyoming. Pronghorn are an iconic rangeland species that have been exposed to increasing levels of anthropogenic, climatic, and land-use change. Using data collected across the state of Wyoming, we (1) assessed long-term trends in population productivity, (2) identified patterns in large-scale drivers of global change (i.e., climate, land cover change) across pronghorn habitat, and (3) determined the relationship between drivers of global change and population productivity over a 35-year (1984–2019) period. While Wyoming hosts some of the most abundant populations of pronghorn in North America that have been largely stable in recent years, we found many herds are experiencing long-term declines in productivity. Long-term declines in productivity were associated with increases in oil and gas development and woody encroachment. Although increasing across almost all herd units, woody vegetation cover remains at low levels, suggesting that pre-emptive management may help to prevent losses in pronghorn populations.
Summer water temperatures in the Skykomish, Snoqualmie, and Middle Fork Snoqualmie Rivers in western Washington have in recent decades exceeded the water temperature criteria for aquatic life uses set by the Washington Department of Ecology. This temperature increase is of particular concern because these rivers provide critical habitat for several salmonid populations, including Endangered Species Act-listed Chinook salmon (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha), steelhead trout (O. mykiss), and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), thus helping sustain Endangered Species Act-listed Southern Resident orcas (Orcinus orca). To inform salmonid restoration efforts within these rivers, this study used high-resolution thermal infrared (TIR) and three-band red, green, blue imagery acquired from repeated airborne surveys conducted in August 2020 and 2021 to (1) quantify longitudinal stream temperature profiles (LTPs) and (2) identify and characterize significant thermal features (STFs), including cold-water anomalies that could represent thermal refuges and serve as salmonid habitat. In addition, drag-probe water temperature surveys (“float surveys”) were performed on the Skykomish and Middle Fork Snoqualmie Rivers during August–September 2020 and on a segment of the Middle Fork Snoqualmie River in August 2021. These float surveys were intended to evaluate this thermal profiling method in comparison to airborne TIR surveys, by employing a novel method of processing float survey data to adjust for diurnal heating.
The Middle Fork Snoqualmie River warmed about 7 degrees Celsius (°C) from upstream to downstream in the 2020 airborne TIR survey and 9 °C in the 2021 airborne TIR survey, and the Snoqualmie River warmed about 4 °C in both surveys. The water temperature of the Skykomish River cooled in the 2020 and 2021 surveys, primarily because of cold inflow from the Sultan River. The overall shapes of airborne TIR LTPs of the same river were similar in the 2020 and 2021 surveys, with increasing and decreasing gradients in temperature tending to be nearly parallel over the same reaches and abrupt changes in temperature typically identified at the same locations. A total of 854 STFs were identified in the 2020 TIR imagery, and 732 STFs were identified in the 2021 TIR imagery. Interannual persistence was detected in 36.4 to 61.3 percent of lateral groundwater, side channel, and small tributary STFs, depending on the river surveyed, and in 14.8 to 28.7 percent of hyporheic and diffuse groundwater STFs. Hyporheic flow was commonly detected at the downstream end of a riffle, but not often detected directly downstream from large woody debris. Shade from riparian vegetation did not reduce water temperatures but rather maintained the water temperature recorded just upstream from the shaded section.
The adjusted average water temperature profiles from the float surveys were comparable to the LTPs derived from the airborne TIR surveys, with differences in temperature gradient primarily because the surveys were performed under different streamflow, radiation, and shading conditions. Though float surveys were found to be a valuable means of obtaining thermal profiles comparable to profiles obtained by airborne TIR surveys, one key advantage of airborne TIR surveys is that they may be used to precisely locate STFs over long distances, during a short survey duration, and in areas inaccessible to most watercraft.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235146","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tulalip Tribes","usgsCitation":"Restivo, D.E., Diabat, M., Miwa, C., and Bright, V.A.L., 2024, Comparison of longitudinal stream temperature profiles and significant thermal features from airborne thermal infrared and float surveys of the Skykomish, Snoqualmie, and Middle Fork Snoqualmie Rivers, King and Snohomish Counties, Washington, summer 2020 and 2021: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5146, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235146.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 31 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-139968","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428021,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML 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Data Release","description":"Restivo, D.E., Diabat, M., Miwa, C., Bright, V.A.L., Seguin, C.M., Boucher, C.D., David, J.E., and Pouley, M., 2023, Water temperature mapping of the Skykomish, Snoqualmie, and Middle Fork Snoqualmie Rivers, Washington— Longitudinal stream temperature profiles, significant thermal features, and airborne thermal infrared and RGB imagery mosaics: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FJCM8N.","linkHelpText":"Water temperature mapping of the Skykomish, Snoqualmie, and Middle Fork Snoqualmie Rivers, Washington— Longitudinal stream temperature profiles, significant thermal features, and airborne thermal infrared and RGB imagery mosaics"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"King County, Snohomish County","otherGeospatial":"Skykomish, Snoqualmie, and Middle Fork Snoqualmie 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Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
Nitrate levels are increasing in water resources across the United States and nitrate ingestion from drinking water has been associated with adverse health risks in epidemiologic studies at levels below the maximum contaminant level (MCL). In contrast, dietary nitrate ingestion has generally been associated with beneficial health effects. Few studies have characterized the contribution of both drinking water and dietary sources to nitrate exposure. The Agricultural Health Study is a prospective cohort of farmers and their spouses in Iowa and North Carolina. In 2018–2019, we assessed nitrate exposure for 47 farmers who used private wells for their drinking water and lived in 8 eastern Iowa counties where groundwater is vulnerable to nitrate contamination. Drinking water and dietary intakes were estimated using the National Cancer Institute Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment tool. We measured nitrate in tap water and estimated dietary nitrate from a database of food concentrations. Urinary nitrate was measured in first morning void samples in 2018–19 and in archived samples from 2010 to 2017 (minimum time between samples: 2 years; median: 7 years). We used linear regression to evaluate urinary nitrate concentrations in relation to total nitrate, and drinking water and dietary intakes separately. Overall, dietary nitrate contributed the most to total intake (median: 97 %; interquartile range [IQR]: 57–99 %). Among 15 participants (32 %) whose drinking water nitrate concentrations were at/above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency MCL (10 mg/L NO3-N), median intake from water was 44 % (IQR: 26–72 %). Total nitrate intake was the strongest predictor of urinary nitrate concentrations (R2 = 0.53). Drinking water explained a similar proportion of the variation in nitrate excretion (R2 = 0.52) as diet (R2 = 0.47). Our findings demonstrate the importance of both dietary and drinking water intakes as determinants of nitrate excretion.
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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Deziel, N.C.","contributorId":335325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deziel","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48197,"text":"Yale","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jones, R.R.","contributorId":335326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80369,"text":"NCI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Freeman, L.B.","contributorId":335327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80369,"text":"NCI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hofmann, J.N.","contributorId":335328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hofmann","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80369,"text":"NCI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ward, M.H.","contributorId":335329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[{"id":80369,"text":"NCI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70253129,"text":"70253129 - 2024 - Metabolism regimes in regulated rivers of the Illinois River basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T12:04:03.466242","indexId":"70253129","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-15T07:00:18","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3907,"text":"Scientific Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metabolism regimes in regulated rivers of the Illinois River basin, USA","docAbstract":"Metabolism estimates organic carbon accumulation by primary productivity and removal by respiration. In rivers it is relevant to assessing trophic status and threats to river health such as hypoxia as well as greenhouse gas fluxes. We estimated metabolism in 17 rivers of the Illinois River basin (IRB) for a total of 15,176 days, or an average of 2.5 years per site. Daily estimates of gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), net ecosystem productivity (NEP), and the air-water gas exchange rate constant (K600) are reported, along with ancillary data such as river temperature and saturated dissolved oxygen concentration, barometric pressure, and river depth and discharge. Workflows for metabolism estimation and quality assurance are described including a new method for estimating river depth. IRB rivers are dominantly heterotrophic; however, autotrophy was common in river locations coinciding with reported harmful algal blooms (HABs) events. Metabolism of these regulated Midwestern U.S. rivers can help assess the causes and consequences of excessive algal blooms in rivers and their role in river ecological health.
Critical to Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus recovery and monitoring is the ability to estimate abundance and identify age- and stock-specific threats to survival. As adult Atlantic sturgeon spend much of their lives broadly distributed in marine and estuarine environments, it is challenging to collect data needed to estimate these demographic parameters in the adult population. Alternatively, data collected from juveniles and subadults before emigration may be used to calculate indices of abundance and provide insights into recruitment dynamics and stage-specific survival. However, uncertainty about stock mixture during early life stages may limit the use of juvenile and subadult data for monitoring recovery. To better understand early life stage stock composition, we conducted a genetic mixed-stock analysis of over 500 juvenile and subadult Atlantic sturgeon captured in an overwintering area in the Hudson River, New York, USA, from 2017 to 2022. The majority of Atlantic sturgeon in our study were natal to the Hudson River population, regardless of sex, size, or age. As such, indices of relative abundance estimated from survey data are expected to primarily characterize the demographic trends of Hudson River juvenile and subadult Atlantic sturgeon. We also found a small proportion of individuals that were most likely to have originated from more distantly located rivers, highlighting the potential for long-distance migration in juvenile and subadult Atlantic sturgeon. Results of this study strengthen our understanding of juvenile and subadult Atlantic sturgeon habitat use in the Hudson River and improve our ability to use data from early age classes to monitor recovery and stage-specific survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/esr01292","usgsCitation":"White, S.L., Pendleton, R., Higgs, A., Lubinski, B.A., Johnson, R.L., and Kazyak, D.C., 2024, Integrating genetic and demographic data to refine indices of abundance for Atlantic sturgeon in the Hudson River, New York: Endangered Species Research, v. 55, p. 115-126, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01292.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"126","ipdsId":"IP-153937","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01292","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":426425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Hudson River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.70544053107169,\n 43.30955978079521\n ],\n [\n -74.70544053107169,\n 40.539236572975966\n ],\n [\n -73.1124229529466,\n 40.539236572975966\n ],\n [\n -73.1124229529466,\n 43.30955978079521\n ],\n [\n -74.70544053107169,\n 43.30955978079521\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Shannon L. 0000-0003-4687-6596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-6596","contributorId":263424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pendleton, Richard M.","contributorId":273135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Richard M.","affiliations":[{"id":56428,"text":"New York Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higgs, Amanda","contributorId":225402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgs","given":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":896129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lubinski, Barbara A. 0000-0003-3568-2569","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2569","contributorId":202483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubinski","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Robin L. 0000-0003-4314-3792 rjohnson1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4314-3792","contributorId":224717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Robin","email":"rjohnson1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kazyak, David C. 0000-0001-9860-4045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9860-4045","contributorId":140409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kazyak","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":896132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70257421,"text":"70257421 - 2024 - Estimating internal transmitter and external tag retention by Walleye in the Laurentian Great Lakes over multiple years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-21T11:45:55.194724","indexId":"70257421","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-15T06:44:09","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating internal transmitter and external tag retention by Walleye in the Laurentian Great Lakes over multiple years","docAbstract":"Both electronic tags (e.g., acoustic and radio transmitters) and conventional external tags are used to evaluate movement and population dynamics of fish. External tags are also sometimes used to facilitate the recovery of internal electronic tags or other instrumentation because healing can make it difficult to identify fish with internal tags based on appearance alone. With both tag types, tag shedding and failure of electronic tags can affect accuracy and precision of study results.
We used a decade (2011–2021) of recapture data for Walleye Sander vitreus tagged in the Laurentian Great Lakes, where fish were double- or triple-tagged with external tags (T-bar, loop, or internal anchor tags) and internal acoustic transmitters, to quantify external tag and internal transmitter shedding and transmitter failure rates.
In total, 1125 (33%) Walleye were recovered that had retained at least one external tag or internal transmitter. No confirmed cases of transmitter shedding were observed; 15 of 899 transmitters (2%) that were checked for functionality failed prior to the expected battery expiration. The retention of external T-bar tags 1 year after release differed depending on whether the tag was placed anterior or posterior to the secondary dorsal fin (anterior, fish length = 420 mm: 73% retention; anterior, fish length = 700 mm: 73%, posterior: 63%) but was <26% after 4 years for both tag positions and fish sizes. Internal anchor tags had an 88% 1-year retention probability and 81% 4-year retention probability. Loop tags had the highest 1-year retention (89%) but after 4 years retention (28–34% depending on agency) was comparable to that of T-bar tags.
Better understanding of tag retention characteristics through long-term tagging studies such as this can inform study design, be considered in model design, and ultimately improve inferences from mark–recapture studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisherie Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10973","usgsCitation":"Colborne, S., Faust, M., Brenden, T., Hayden, T., Robinson, J., MacDougall, T., Cook, H., Isermann, D.A., Dembkowski, D., Haffley, M., and Vandergoot, C., 2024, Estimating internal transmitter and external tag retention by Walleye in the Laurentian Great Lakes over multiple years: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 44, no. 2, p. 377-393, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10973.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"393","ipdsId":"IP-156407","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10973","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colborne, S.F.","contributorId":342705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colborne","given":"S.F.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faust, M.D.","contributorId":342707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faust","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16232,"text":"Ohio Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brenden, T.O.","contributorId":342709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenden","given":"T.O.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayden, T.A.","contributorId":342711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayden","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81915,"text":"Michigan Department of Fisheries and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robinson, J.M.","contributorId":342712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"MacDougall, T.M.","contributorId":342713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDougall","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16762,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cook, H.A.","contributorId":342714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16762,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Isermann, Daniel A. 0000-0003-1151-9097 disermann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-9097","contributorId":5167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isermann","given":"Daniel","email":"disermann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":910300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dembkowski, D.J.","contributorId":275185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dembkowski","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Haffley, M.","contributorId":342715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haffley","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36966,"text":"Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Vandergoot, C.S.","contributorId":342716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vandergoot","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70251694,"text":"70251694 - 2024 - Lava flow impacts on the built environment: Insights from a new global dataset","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-23T12:49:29.020022","indexId":"70251694","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-15T06:43:04","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3841,"text":"Journal of Applied Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lava flow impacts on the built environment: Insights from a new global dataset","docAbstract":"The recent destruction of thousands of homes by lava flows from La Palma volcano, Canary Islands, and Nyiragongo volcano, Democratic Republic of Congo, serves as a reminder of the devastating impact that lava flows can have on communities living in volcanically active regions. Damage to buildings and infrastructure can have widespread and long-lasting effects on rehabilitation and livelihoods. Our understanding of how lava flows interact with buildings is limited and based upon sparse empirical data. Often a binary impact is assumed (destroyed when in contact with the flow and intact when not in contact with the flow), although previous events have shown this to be an oversimplification. Empirical damage data collected after past events provide an evidence base from which to better understand lava flow impacts across a range of building types, environments, and eruption styles, as well as to explore the temporal and spatial trends in these impacts. However, information on lava flow impacts is scattered across literature, reports, and maps; no comprehensive dataset of lava flow impacts exists. In this study, we compile and standardise lava flow impact information from previously compiled data, eruption records, and published literature to create the first comprehensive global dataset of impacts on the built environment from lava flows. We found that since the first recorded event between 5494 yr B.P. and 5387 yr B.P., lava flows from at least 155 events have impacted buildings or infrastructure (e.g., roads, electricity pylons, ski-lifts), with most (47%, n = 73) recorded as located in Europe. Over the last century, there have been approximately seven lava flow impact events per decade (n = 71 total). This greatly expands on the past compilations of lava flow impact events. Since ca. 1800 CE, impacts have been consistently documented for less than 14% of recorded eruptions with lava flows globally; prior to 1800 CE, impacts were recorded much more variably (between 0 and 70% of lava flows in any 10-year time bin). The most destructive recorded events were the 1669 CE lava flows at Etna volcano, Italy, which destroyed up to 12 villages and part of the city of Catania, and the 2002 CE lava flows at Nyiragongo volcano, Democratic Republic of Congo, which destroyed up to 14,000 buildings. We found that few studies in the dataset report building typology, damage severity, or hazard intensity at the building-level scale, limiting our ability to assess past building-lava interactions. Future collection of building-level hazard and impact data, supplemented with non-English language records, can be used to inform models that forecast future impacts, support lava flow risk assessments, and develop potential mitigation measures.
Living shorelines with salt marsh species, rock breakwaters, and sand nourishment were built along the coastal areas in the Glenn Martin National Wildlife Refuge, Maryland, in 2016 in response to Hurricane Sandy (2012). The Fog Point living shoreline at Glenn Martin National Wildlife Refuge was designed with the “headland - breakwater - embayment” pattern. Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, Northeastern University, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Louisiana State University studied wave, current, and sediment dynamics to assess the effectiveness of the Fog Point living shoreline structures in terms of wave attenuation and erosion reduction. Wave gages, current meters, sediment traps, sediment tiles, and lateral erosion pins were deployed along the Fog Point shoreline during February 10–14, 2020. Because of COVID-19 pandemic travel restrictions, sensors were not retrieved until August 25, 2021, which was 18 months after field deployment, resulting in tremendous loss or damage of sensors and sediment measurements.
Monitoring data indicated that wave heights were substantially reduced at locations behind the breakwater (headland) compared to the wave heights in the offshore location, but not at the location in the control area (the embayment). Current patterns and current velocities at the location behind the breakwater were complex and changed dramatically compared to the current patterns and current velocities offshore. Sediments were blocked by the breakwater most of the time except during periods of storms with wave heights larger than 0.9 meter, when waves overtopped the breakwater and brought sediments to the tidal flat and salt marshes behind the breakwater. Behind the breakwater, both sediment deposition and erosion were observed during the 18 months of monitoring. Continued low elevation marsh edge erosion from wave undercutting along the embayment was observed, especially at the existing wave-cut gullies.
Monitoring results indicate that the “breakwater + marsh planting” structure along the Fog Point shoreline has limited shoreline protection capacity. Marsh edge erosion behind the breakwater was likely caused by the limited sediment supply from marine sources for transport and delivery, as well as the effects of circulation and current velocity on the settling and deposition of suspended sediments from eroded marshes. Marsh edge erosion continued in the embayment or control area where no shoreline restoration structures were implemented. Long-term (decadal scale) monitoring and adaptive management of living shoreline structures could help to assess the effectiveness of wave attenuation for reducing shoreline erosion and enhancing vegetation growth for trapping sediments and the effectiveness of marsh surface elevation growth for keeping pace with sea level rise.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241004","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with Northeastern University, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Louisiana State University","usgsCitation":"Wang, H., Chen, Q., Capurso, W.D., Niemoczynski, L.M., Wang, N., Zhu, L., Snedden, G.A., Whitbeck, M., Wilson, C.A., and Brownley, M., 2024, Monitoring of wave, current, and sediment dynamics along the Fog Point Living Shoreline, Glenn Martin National Wildlife Refuge, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1004, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241004.","productDescription":"Report: x, 32 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-153204","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499204,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116048.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425618,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TXZX5W","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Field observation of wind waves and current velocity (2020) along the Fog Point Living Shoreline, Maryland"},{"id":425617,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1004/ofr20241004.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2024-1004 XML"},{"id":425616,"rank":4,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241004/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1004 HTML"},{"id":425615,"rank":2,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1004/images"},{"id":425614,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1004/ofr20241004.pdf","size":"5.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1004"},{"id":425613,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1004/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Glenn Martin National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.16645677294429,\n 38.13763711090462\n ],\n [\n -76.16645677294429,\n 37.8778983810208\n ],\n [\n -75.85669162075443,\n 37.8778983810208\n ],\n [\n -75.85669162075443,\n 38.13763711090462\n ],\n [\n -76.16645677294429,\n 38.13763711090462\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
700 Cajundome Blvd.
Lafayette, LA 70506–3152
Large variations in redox-related water parameters, like pH and dissolved oxygen (DO), have been documented in New Hampshire (United States) drinking-water wells over the course of a few hours under pumping conditions. These findings suggest that comparable sub-daily variability in dissolved concentrations of redox-reactive and toxic arsenic (As) also may occur, representing a potentially critical public-health data gap and a fundamental challenge for long-term As-trends monitoring. To test this hypothesis, discrete groundwater As samples were collected approximately hourly during one day in May and again in August 2019 from three New Hampshire drinking-water wells (2 public-supply, 1 private) under active pumping conditions. Collected samples were assessed by laboratory analysis (total As [AsTot], As(III), As(V)) and by field analysis (AsTot) using a novel integrated biosensor system. Laboratory analysis revealed sub-daily variability (range) in AsTot concentrations equivalent to 16 % – 36 % of that observed in the antecedent 3-year bimonthly trend monitoring. Thus, the results indicated that, along with previously demonstrated seasonality effects, the timing and duration of pumping are important considerations when assessing trends in drinking-water As exposures and concomitant risks. Results also illustrated the utility of the field sensor for monitoring and management of AsTot exposures in near-real-time.
Wildlife populations at the peripheries of their distributions or on isolated islands often display divergent and poorly understood morphological or life-history characteristics compared to core populations. We used a capture–mark–recapture dataset collected over a 19-year period to characterize a northern, insular snake assemblage in coastal Maine. We captured 611 individual snakes of 4 species (Thamnophis sirtalis [Common Gartersnake; n = 221 individuals], Diadophis punctatus [Ring-necked Snake; n = 258 individuals], Storeria occipitomaculata [Red-bellied Snake; n = 81 individuals], and Opheodrys vernalis [Smooth Greensnake; n = 51 individuals]) and recorded 104 recaptures. We provide some of the first data on growth, reproduction, and movement for these species in northern New England, expanding our understanding of insular and northern snake populations. Specifically, we found that Common Gartersnakes fed primarily on earthworms and amphibians and grew rapidly, in accordance with mainland populations, but exhibited smaller size at maturity and average litter sizes. We captured an unusually large number of Ring-necked Snakes, which are uncommon elsewhere in Maine, and recorded an apparently localized nesting area for this species, as well as relatively long-distance (230–300 m) dispersal away from that location. In our population, female Ring-necked Snakes mature in their third year, and this species exhibits weak sexual size dimorphism (SSD). We found the ecology of Red-bellied Snakes at our study site to be similar to other populations, with individuals feeding on slugs, and females maturing in their second year; however, our population exhibited the strongest pattern of (female-biased) SSD. Smooth Greensnakes were restricted to the most extensive old-field habitat within our study site and fed on a variety of arthropods. We confirmed communal nesting and short incubation period for this species and provide among the first data on growth and longevity (at least 7 years) of this relatively understudied species.
Midcontinent sandhill cranes (Antigone canadensis) are managed as a single population, but hunting regulations are structured so harvest is targeted towards the more numerous lesser sandhill cranes (A. c. canadensis). However, research indicates that greater sandhill cranes (A. c. tabida) have been disproportionally exposed to harvest at a rate exceeding their proportion within the midcontinent population. In addition, harvest has increased 22% per year in the U.S. Central Flyway states. The midcontinent population appears to be growing in recent years, but variability in annual abundance estimates has increased substantially. With limited resources and harvest management uncertainty increasing, we developed methods for a citizen science, photography-based harvest survey to estimate age and subspecies composition of harvested midcontinent sandhill cranes. To develop survey methods, we collected physical parts from 284 sandhill cranes in North Dakota in 2019 and 2020. We manually measured the culmen and tarsus using calipers, and digitally measured these parts using photographs and computer software. All digitally derived measurements were 2.5% to 5.9% larger than manual measurements; therefore, we developed linear models that adjusted digital measurements, facilitating subspecies prediction using an existing morphometric-based technique. In 2021, we requested an equal number of hunters to participate using 2 data collection methods to test if hunters could reliably take photographs suitable for digital measurement. Collection method 1 involved photographing the head and leg simultaneously, and Collection method 2 involved photographing the head only. Hunters submitted a total of 239 photographs. Only 80 of these photographs were submitted using Collection method 1, and 72% were suitable for digital measurement. Conversely, hunters submitted twice as many photographs using Collection method 2, and 88% of these photographs were deemed suitable. Although obtaining the tarsus measurement slightly improved subspecies predictability, Collection method 2 increased participation and usable data. We believe our results could be used to develop an operational survey of age and subspecies composition of midcontinent sandhill cranes, wherein a sample of crane hunters throughout the midcontinent population range would be asked to electronically submit a photograph of the head of each bird they harvest. A time series of age and subspecies composition of this population would provide managers with valuable information and improve harvest management at minimal additional cost and burden, compared to a traditional parts collection survey administered by mail.
Integrating recent scientific knowledge into management decisions supports effective natural resource management and can lead to better resource outcomes. However, finding and accessing scientific knowledge can be time consuming and costly. To assist in this process, the U.S. Geological Survey is creating a series of annotated bibliographies on topics of management concern for western lands. Previously published reports introduced a methodology for preparing annotated bibliographies to facilitate the integration of recent, peer-reviewed science into resource management decisions. Therefore, relevant text from those efforts is reproduced here to frame the presentation. Invasive annual grasses are widely distributed throughout the western United States and threaten native ecosystems by altering fire regimes, replacing native plants, and altering grazing patterns, often with tremendous associated costs. One invasive annual grass, Taeniatherum caput-medusae (hereafter, medusahead), was first documented in the United States in 1887 and has been identified as a species of management concern. Medusahead’s life history traits allow it to quickly and effectively dominate native plant communities, and it has already taken over millions of acres in western North America. Although medusahead can spread widely and disrupt ecosystem function, it has been studied less than other western invasive grass species. We compiled and summarized peer-reviewed journal articles, data products, and formal technical reports (such as U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service General Technical Reports and U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports) on medusahead, published between January 2010 and January 2022. We first performed a systematic search of three reference databases and three government databases using the search phrase “medusahead” OR “medusa head” OR “Taeniatherum caput-medusae” OR “Taeniatherum caputmedusae” OR “Taeniatherum asperum.” We refined the initial list of products by removing (1) duplicates, (2) products not written in English, (3) publications that were not focused on North America, (4) publications that were not published as research, data products, or scientific review articles in peer-reviewed journals or as formal technical reports, and (5) products for which medusahead was not a research focus, or the study did not present new data or findings about medusahead. We summarized each product using a consistent structure (background, objectives, methods, location, findings, and implications) and identified the management topics (for example, species and population characteristics; habitat; and control and management efforts) addressed by each product. We also noted which publications included new geospatial data. The review process for this annotated bibliography included an initial internal colleague review of each summary, requesting input on each summary from an author of the original publication, and a formal peer review. Our initial searches resulted in 4,245 total products, of which 211 met our criteria for inclusion. The most commonly addressed management topics addressed in products summarized in the annotated bibliography were as follows: nonnative invasive plants, weed management, site-scale habitat characteristics, habitat restoration or reclamation, and cultural management of weeds. All published bibliographies, including the online version of this bibliography, are available at the Science for Resource Managers (https://apps.usgs.gov/science-for-resource-managers). This database is searchable by topic, location, and year and includes links to each original publication. The studies compiled and summarized here may inform planning and management actions that seek to maintain and restore sagebrush landscapes and associated native species across the western United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231089","usgsCitation":"Meineke, J.K., Maxwell, L.M., Foster, A.C., McCall, L.E., Rutherford, T.K., Samuel, E.M., Selby, L.B., Willems, J.S., Kleist, N.J., and Jordan, S.E., 2024, Annotated bibliography of scientific research on Taeniatherum caput-medusae published from January 2010 to January 2022: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1089, 164 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231089.","productDescription":"x, 164 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-140487","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425553,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1089/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":425554,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1089/ofr20231089.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.80 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1089"},{"id":425574,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1089/images"},{"id":425575,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1089/ofr20231089.xml"},{"id":426837,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231089/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2023-1089"}],"contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
There is growing urgency for improved public and commercial services to support a resilient, secure, and thriving United States (US) in the face of mounting decision-support needs for environmental stewardship and hazard response, as well as for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Sustained space-based Earth observations are critical infrastructure to support the delivery of science and decision-support information with local, national, and global utility. This is reflected in part through the United States' sustained support of a suite of weather and land-imaging satellites. However, outside of these two areas, the US lacks an overarching, systematic plan or framework to identify, prioritize, fund, and implement sustained space-based Earth observations to meet the Nation's full range of needs for science, government policy, and societal support. To aid and accelerate the discussion on our nation's needs, challenges and opportunities associated with sustained critical space-based Earth observations, the Keck Institute for Space Studies (KISS) sponsored a multi-week think-tank study to offer ways forward. Based on this study, the KISS study team suggests the establishment of a robust coordination framework to help address US needs for sustained Earth observations. This coordination framework could account for: (a) approaches to identify and prioritize satellite observations needed to meet US needs for science and services, (b) the rapidly evolving landscape of space-based Earth viewing architecture options and technology improvements with increasing opportunities and lower cost access to space, and (c) the technical and programmatic underpinnings required for proper and comprehensive data stewardship to support a wide range of research and public services.
U.S. forests, particularly in the eastern states, provide an important offset to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Some have proposed that forest-based natural climate solutions can be strengthened via a number of strategies, including increases in the production of forest biomass energy. We used output from a forest dynamics model (SORTIE-ND) in combination with a GHG accounting tool (ForGATE) to estimate the carbon consequences of current and intensified timber harvest regimes in the Northeastern United States. We considered a range of carbon pools including forest ecosystem pools, forest product pools, and waste pools, along with different scenarios of feedstock production for biomass energy. The business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, which represents current harvest practices derived from the analysis of U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data, sequestered more net CO2 equivalents than any of the intensified harvest and feedstock utilization scenarios over the next decade, the most important time period for combatting climate change. Increasing the intensity of timber harvest increased total emissions and reduced landscape average forest carbon stocks, resulting in reduced net carbon sequestration relative to current harvest regimes. Net carbon sequestration “parity points,” where the regional cumulative net carbon sequestration from alternate intensified harvest scenarios converge with and then exceed the BAU baseline, ranged from 12 to 40 years. A “no harvest” scenario provides an estimate of an upper bound on forest carbon sequestration in the region given the expected successional dynamics of the region's forests but ignores leakage. Regional net carbon sequestration is primarily influenced by (1) the harvest regime and amount of forest biomass removal, (2) the degree to which bioenergy displaces fossil fuel use, and (3) the proportion of biomass diverted to energy feedstocks versus wood products.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4758","usgsCitation":"Brown, M.L., Canham, C., Buchholz, T., Gunn, J.S., and Donovan, T.M., 2024, Net carbon sequestration implications of intensified timber harvest in Northeastern U.S. forests: Ecosphere, v. 15, no. 2, e4758, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4758.","productDescription":"e4758, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-145783","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4758","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Northeastern United 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