{"pageNumber":"780","pageRowStart":"19475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40767,"records":[{"id":70032588,"text":"70032588 - 2011 - Earth observing data and methods for advancing water harvesting technologies in the semi-arid rain-fed environments of India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032588","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Earth observing data and methods for advancing water harvesting technologies in the semi-arid rain-fed environments of India","docAbstract":"The paper develops approaches and methods of modeling and mapping land and water productivity of rain-fed crops in semi-arid environments of India using hyperspectral, hyperspatial, and advanced multispectral remote sensing data and linking the same to field-plot data and climate station data. The overarching goal is to provide information to advance water harvesting technologies in the agricultural croplands of the semi-arid environments of India by conducting research in a representative pilot site in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. ?? 2011 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - 2011 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference, GHTC 2011","conferenceTitle":"2011 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference, GHTC 2011","conferenceDate":"30 October 2011 through 1 November 2011","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2011.68","isbn":"9780769545950","usgsCitation":"Sharma, C., Thenkabail, P., and Sharma, R.R., 2011, Earth observing data and methods for advancing water harvesting technologies in the semi-arid rain-fed environments of India, <i>in</i> Proceedings - 2011 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference, GHTC 2011, Seattle, WA, 30 October 2011 through 1 November 2011, p. 189-193, https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2011.68.","startPage":"189","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213791,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2011.68"},{"id":241450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a049ae4b0c8380cd50a9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharma, C.","contributorId":22134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharma","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, P.","contributorId":77369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharma, R. R.","contributorId":44363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharma","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032587,"text":"70032587 - 2011 - Late Pleistocene dune activity in the central Great Plains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032587","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene dune activity in the central Great Plains, USA","docAbstract":"Stabilized dunes of the central Great Plains, especially the megabarchans and large barchanoid ridges of the Nebraska Sand Hills, provide dramatic evidence of late Quaternary environmental change. Episodic Holocene dune activity in this region is now well-documented, but Late Pleistocene dune mobility has remained poorly documented, despite early interpretations of the Sand Hills dunes as Pleistocene relicts. New optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages from drill cores and outcrops provide evidence of Late Pleistocene dune activity at sites distributed across the central Great Plains. In addition, Late Pleistocene eolian sands deposited at 20-25 ka are interbedded with loess south of the Sand Hills. Several of the large dunes sampled in the Sand Hills clearly contain a substantial core of Late Pleistocene sand; thus, they had developed by the Late Pleistocene and were fully mobile at that time, although substantial sand deposition and extensive longitudinal dune construction occurred during the Holocene. Many of the Late Pleistocene OSL ages fall between 17 and 14 ka, but it is likely that these ages represent only the later part of a longer period of dune construction and migration. At several sites, significant Late Pleistocene or Holocene large-dune migration also probably occurred after the time represented by the Pleistocene OSL ages. Sedimentary structures in Late Pleistocene eolian sand and the forms of large dunes potentially constructed in the Late Pleistocene both indicate sand transport dominated by northerly to westerly winds, consistent with Late Pleistocene loess transport directions. Numerical modeling of the climate of the Last Glacial Maximum has often yielded mean monthly surface winds southwest of the Laurentide Ice Sheet that are consistent with this geologic evidence, despite strengthened anticyclonic circulation over the ice sheet. Mobility of large dunes during the Late Pleistocene on the central Great Plains may have been the result of cold, short growing seasons with relatively low precipitation and low atmospheric CO2 that increased plant moisture stress, limiting the ability of vegetation to stabilize active dune sand. The apparent coexistence of large mobile dunes with boreal forest taxa suggests a Late Pleistocene environment with few modern analogs. ?? 2011 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.10.005","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Mason, J., Swinehart, J.B., Hanson, P., Loope, D., Goble, R., Miao, X., and Schmeisser, R., 2011, Late Pleistocene dune activity in the central Great Plains, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 30, no. 27-28, p. 3858-3870, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.10.005.","startPage":"3858","endPage":"3870","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213760,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.10.005"},{"id":241417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"27-28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4510e4b0c8380cd66fe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, J.A.","contributorId":31507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swinehart, J. B.","contributorId":25244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swinehart","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanson, P.R.","contributorId":45434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loope, D.B.","contributorId":63628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goble, R.J.","contributorId":21265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goble","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miao, X.","contributorId":60753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miao","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmeisser, R.L.","contributorId":7919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmeisser","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032586,"text":"70032586 - 2011 - Rapid assessment of rice seed availability for wildlife in harvested fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:45:09","indexId":"70032586","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid assessment of rice seed availability for wildlife in harvested fields","docAbstract":"Rice seed remaining in commercial fields after harvest (waste rice) is a critical food resource for wintering waterfowl in rice-growing regions of North America. Accurate and precise estimates of the seed mass density of waste rice are essential for planning waterfowl wintering habitat extents and management. In the Sacramento Valley of California, USA, the existing method for obtaining estimates of availability of waste rice in harvested fields produces relatively precise estimates, but the labor-, time-, and machineryintensive process is not practical for routine assessments needed to examine long-term trends in waste rice availability. We tested several experimental methods designed to rapidly derive estimates that would not be burdened with disadvantages of the existing method. We first conducted a simulation study of the efficiency of each method and then conducted field tests. For each approach, methods did not vary in root mean squared error, although some methods did exhibit bias for both simulations and field tests. Methods also varied substantially in the time to conduct each sample and in the number of samples required to detect a standard trend. Overall, modified line-intercept methods performed well for estimating the density of rice seeds. Waste rice in the straw, although not measured directly, can be accounted for by a positive relationship with density of rice on the ground. Rapid assessment of food availability is a useful tool to help waterfowl managers establish and implement wetland restoration and agricultural habitat-enhancement goals for wintering waterfowl. ?? 2011 The Wildlife Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/wsb.72","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Halstead, B., Miller, M.R., Casazza, M.L., Coates, P., Farinha, M., Gustafson, K., Yee, J., and Fleskes, J., 2011, Rapid assessment of rice seed availability for wildlife in harvested fields: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 35, no. 4, p. 377-393, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.72.","startPage":"377","endPage":"393","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":499969,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/3dd325f7712449b282798b80a1231fed","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213759,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.72"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94c2e4b0c8380cd815db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halstead, B.J.","contributorId":42045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coates, P.S.","contributorId":56047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farinha, M.A.","contributorId":76146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farinha","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gustafson, K. Benjamin","contributorId":66493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"K. Benjamin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yee, J.L.","contributorId":25496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fleskes, J. P.","contributorId":98661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032585,"text":"70032585 - 2011 - Stability of Mg-sulfates at-10C and the rates of dehydration/rehydration processes under conditions relevant to Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T11:56:49.879419","indexId":"70032585","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stability of Mg-sulfates at-10C and the rates of dehydration/rehydration processes under conditions relevant to Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>We report the results of low temperature (−10°C) experiments on the stability fields and phase transition pathways of five hydrous Mg-sulfates. A low temperature form of MgSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>·7H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O (LT-7w) was found to have a wide stability field that extends to low relative humidity (∼13% RH at −10°C). Using information on the timing of phase transitions, we extracted information on the reaction rates of five important dehydration and rehydration processes. We found that the temperature dependencies of rate constants for dehydration processes differ from those of rehydration, which reflect differences in reaction mechanisms. By extrapolating these rate constants versus T correlations into the T range relevant to Mars, we can evaluate the possibility of occurrence of specific processes and the presence of common Mg-sulfate species present on Mars in different periods and locations. We anticipate in a moderate obliquity period, starkeyite and LH-MgSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>·H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O should be two common Mg-sulfates at the surface, another polymorph MH-MgSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>·H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O can exist at the locations where hydrothermal processes may have occurred. In polar regions or within the subsurface of other regions, meridianiite (coexisting with water ice, near 100% RH) and LT-7w (over a large RH range) are the stable phases. During a high obliquity period, meridianiite and LT-7w should exhibit widespread occurrence. The correlations of reaction rates versus temperature found in this study imply that dehydration and rehydration of hydrous Mg-sulfates would always be slower than the sublimation and crystallization of water ice, which would be supported by mission observations from Odyssey and by Mars Exploration Rovers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011JE003818","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wang, A., Freeman, J., Chou, I., and Jolliff, B., 2011, Stability of Mg-sulfates at-10C and the rates of dehydration/rehydration processes under conditions relevant to Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. 12, E12006, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JE003818.","productDescription":"E12006, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475154,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011je003818","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241383,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b964de4b08c986b31b416","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, A.","contributorId":46735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, J.J.","contributorId":95667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jolliff, B.L.","contributorId":21268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolliff","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032577,"text":"70032577 - 2011 - Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032577","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change","docAbstract":"Soil water content strongly affects permafrost dynamics by changing the soil thermal properties. However, the movement of liquid water, which plays an important role in the heat transport of temperate soils, has been under-represented in boreal studies. Two different heat transport models with and without convective heat transport were compared to measurements of soil temperatures in four boreal sites with different stand ages and drainage classes. Overall, soil temperatures during the growing season tended to be over-estimated by 2-4??C when movement of liquid water and water vapor was not represented in the model. The role of heat transport in water has broad implications for site responses to warming and suggests reduced vulnerability of permafrost to thaw at drier sites. This result is consistent with field observations of faster thaw in response to warming in wet sites compared to drier sites over the past 30. years in Canadian boreal forests. These results highlight that representation of water flow in heat transport models is important to simulate future soil thermal or permafrost dynamics under a changing climate. ?? 2011 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.009","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Fan, Z., Neff, J.C., Harden, J., Zhang, T., Veldhuis, H., Czimczik, C., Winston, G., and O'Donnell, J., 2011, Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response to climate change: Science of the Total Environment, v. 409, no. 10, p. 1836-1842, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.009.","startPage":"1836","endPage":"1842","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475068,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/40r7c46p","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213609,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.009"}],"volume":"409","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc79fe4b08c986b32c545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fan, Z.","contributorId":31211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neff, J. C.","contributorId":29935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, T.","contributorId":61536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Veldhuis, H.","contributorId":64410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veldhuis","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Czimczik, C.I.","contributorId":57274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czimczik","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Winston, G.C.","contributorId":106274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winston","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"O'Donnell, J. A.","contributorId":85367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032576,"text":"70032576 - 2011 - A predator-prey model with a holling type I functional response including a predator mutual interference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032576","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2401,"text":"Journal of Nonlinear Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A predator-prey model with a holling type I functional response including a predator mutual interference","docAbstract":"The most widely used functional response in describing predator-prey relationships is the Holling type II functional response, where per capita predation is a smooth, increasing, and saturating function of prey density. Beddington and DeAngelis modified the Holling type II response to include interference of predators that increases with predator density. Here we introduce a predator-interference term into a Holling type I functional response. We explain the ecological rationale for the response and note that the phase plane configuration of the predator and prey isoclines differs greatly from that of the Beddington-DeAngelis response; for example, in having three possible interior equilibria rather than one. In fact, this new functional response seems to be quite unique. We used analytical and numerical methods to show that the resulting system shows a much richer dynamical behavior than the Beddington-DeAngelis response, or other typically used functional responses. For example, cyclic-fold, saddle-fold, homoclinic saddle connection, and multiple crossing bifurcations can all occur. We then use a smooth approximation to the Holling type I functional response with predator mutual interference to show that these dynamical properties do not result from the lack of smoothness, but rather from subtle differences in the functional responses. ?? 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Nonlinear Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00332-011-9101-6","issn":"09388974","usgsCitation":"Seo, G., and DeAngelis, D., 2011, A predator-prey model with a holling type I functional response including a predator mutual interference: Journal of Nonlinear Science, v. 21, no. 6, p. 811-833, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-011-9101-6.","startPage":"811","endPage":"833","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213608,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00332-011-9101-6"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4eae4b0c8380cd46a0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seo, G.","contributorId":29225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seo","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032575,"text":"70032575 - 2011 - Modeling hydrologic and geomorphic hazards across post-fire landscapes using a self-organizing map approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T13:37:23","indexId":"70032575","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling hydrologic and geomorphic hazards across post-fire landscapes using a self-organizing map approach","docAbstract":"<p>Few studies attempt to model the range of possible post-fire hydrologic and geomorphic hazards because of the sparseness of data and the coupled, nonlinear, spatial, and temporal relationships among landscape variables. In this study, a type of unsupervised artificial neural network, called a self-organized map (SOM), is trained using data from 540 burned basins in the western United States. The sparsely populated data set includes variables from independent numerical landscape categories (climate, land surface form, geologic texture, and post-fire condition), independent landscape classes (bedrock geology and state), and dependent initiation processes (runoff, landslide, and runoff and landslide combination) and responses (debris flows, floods, and no events). Pattern analysis of the SOM-based component planes is used to identify and interpret relations among the variables. Application of the Davies-Bouldin criteria following k-means clustering of the SOM neurons identified eight conceptual regional models for focusing future research and empirical model development. A split-sample validation on 60 independent basins (not included in the training) indicates that simultaneous predictions of initiation process and response types are at least 78% accurate. As climate shifts from wet to dry conditions, forecasts across the burned landscape reveal a decreasing trend in the total number of debris flow, flood, and runoff events with considerable variability among individual basins. These findings suggest the SOM may be useful in forecasting real-time post-fire hazards, and long-term post-recovery processes and effects of climate change scenarios.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.07.001","issn":"13648152","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M.J., 2011, Modeling hydrologic and geomorphic hazards across post-fire landscapes using a self-organizing map approach: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 26, no. 12, p. 1660-1674, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.07.001.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1660","endPage":"1674","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c03e4b0c8380cd6f981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032550,"text":"70032550 - 2011 - Distinguishing between stress-induced and structural anisotropy at Mount Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T12:01:55.644441","indexId":"70032550","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distinguishing between stress-induced and structural anisotropy at Mount Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand","docAbstract":"<div class=\"fixedCoolBar\"><div class=\"stickybar__wrapper coolBar__wrapper clearfix\"><div class=\"rlist coolBar__zone\"><div class=\"coolBar__section coolBar--sections\">We have created a benchmark of spatial variations in shear wave anisotropy around Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand, against which to measure future temporal changes. Anisotropy in the crust is often assumed to be caused by stress-aligned microcracks, and the polarization of the fast quasi-shear wave (<i>ϕ</i>) is thus interpreted to indicate the direction of maximum horizontal stress, but can also be due to aligned minerals or macroscopic fractures. Changes in seismic anisotropy have been observed following a major eruption in 1995/96 and were attributed to changes in stress from the depressurization of the magmatic system. Three-component broadband seismometers have been deployed to complement the permanent stations that surround Ruapehu, creating a combined network of 34 three-component seismometers. This denser observational network improves the resolution with which spatial variations in seismic anisotropy can be examined. Using an automated shear wave splitting analysis, we examine local earthquakes in 2008. We observe a strong azimuthal dependence of&nbsp;<i>ϕ</i>&nbsp;and so introduce a spatial averaging technique and two-dimensional tomography of recorded delay times. The anisotropy can be divided into regions in which&nbsp;<i>ϕ</i>&nbsp;agrees with stress estimations from focal mechanism inversions, suggesting stress-induced anisotropy, and those in which&nbsp;<i>ϕ</i>&nbsp;is aligned with structural features such as faults, suggesting structural anisotropy. The pattern of anisotropy that is inferred to be stress related cannot be modeled adequately using Coulomb modeling with a dike-like inflation source. We suggest that the stress-induced anisotropy is affected by loading of the volcano and a lithospheric discontinuity.<br></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008308","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., Savage, M., and Townend, J., 2011, Distinguishing between stress-induced and structural anisotropy at Mount Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 12, B12303, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008308.","productDescription":"B12303, 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475152,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008308","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241381,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213725,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008308"}],"country":"New Zealand","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              164.6048895289174,\n              -46.665918664715846\n            ],\n            [\n              181.1283270289179,\n              -46.665918664715846\n            ],\n            [\n              181.1283270289179,\n              -34.145324714719756\n            ],\n            [\n              164.6048895289174,\n              -34.145324714719756\n            ],\n            [\n              164.6048895289174,\n              -46.665918664715846\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a024fe4b0c8380cd4ffc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, M.K.","contributorId":71601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Townend, J.","contributorId":76952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townend","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032548,"text":"70032548 - 2011 - Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032548","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor","docAbstract":"Self-potentials (SP) are sensitive to water fluxes and concentration gradients in both saturated and unsaturated geological media, but quantitative interpretations of SP field data may often be hindered by the superposition of different source contributions and time-varying electrode potentials. Self-potential mapping and close to two months of SP monitoring on a gravel bar were performed to investigate the origins of SP signals at a restored river section of the Thur River in northeastern Switzerland. The SP mapping and subsequent inversion of the data indicate that the SP sources are mainly located in the upper few meters in regions of soil cover rather than bare gravel. Wavelet analyses of the time-series indicate a strong, but non-linear influence of water table and water content variations, as well as rainfall intensity on the recorded SP signals. Modeling of the SP response with respect to an increase in the water table elevation and precipitation indicate that the distribution of soil properties in the vadose zone has a very strong influence. We conclude that the observed SP responses on the gravel bar are more complicated than previously proposed semi-empiric relationships between SP signals and hydraulic head or the thickness of the vadose zone. We suggest that future SP monitoring in restored river corridors should either focus on quantifying vadose zone processes by installing vertical profiles of closely spaced SP electrodes or by installing the electrodes within the river to avoid signals arising from vadose zone processes and time-varying electrochemical conditions in the vicinity of the electrodes. ?? 2011 Author(s).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.5194/hess-15-729-2011","issn":"10275606","usgsCitation":"Linde, N., Doetsch, J., Jougnot, D., Genoni, O., Durst, Y., Minsley, B., Vogt, T., Pasquale, N., and Luster, J., 2011, Self-potential investigations of a gravel bar in a restored river corridor: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 15, no. 3, p. 729-742, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-729-2011.","startPage":"729","endPage":"742","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475085,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-729-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213695,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-729-2011"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d02e4b08c986b31821d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linde, N.","contributorId":37545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linde","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doetsch, J.","contributorId":35131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doetsch","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jougnot, D.","contributorId":102697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jougnot","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Genoni, O.","contributorId":7918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genoni","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Durst, Y.","contributorId":20989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durst","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Minsley, B. J.","contributorId":52107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"B. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vogt, T.","contributorId":66925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pasquale, N.","contributorId":43991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pasquale","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Luster, J.","contributorId":51101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luster","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70032514,"text":"70032514 - 2011 - Pseudospectral modeling and dispersion analysis of Rayleigh waves in viscoelastic media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032514","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pseudospectral modeling and dispersion analysis of Rayleigh waves in viscoelastic media","docAbstract":"Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) is one of the most widely used techniques in environmental and engineering geophysics to determine shear-wave velocities and dynamic properties, which is based on the elastic layered system theory. Wave propagation in the Earth, however, has been recognized as viscoelastic and the propagation of Rayleigh waves presents substantial differences in viscoelastic media as compared with elastic media. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out numerical simulation and dispersion analysis of Rayleigh waves in viscoelastic media to better understand Rayleigh-wave behaviors in the real world. We apply a pseudospectral method to the calculation of the spatial derivatives using a Chebyshev difference operator in the vertical direction and a Fourier difference operator in the horizontal direction based on the velocity-stress elastodynamic equations and relations of linear viscoelastic solids. This approach stretches the spatial discrete grid to have a minimum grid size near the free surface so that high accuracy and resolution are achieved at the free surface, which allows an effective incorporation of the free surface boundary conditions since the Chebyshev method is nonperiodic. We first use an elastic homogeneous half-space model to demonstrate the accuracy of the pseudospectral method comparing with the analytical solution, and verify the correctness of the numerical modeling results for a viscoelastic half-space comparing the phase velocities of Rayleigh wave between the theoretical values and the dispersive image generated by high-resolution linear Radon transform. We then simulate three types of two-layer models to analyze dispersive-energy characteristics for near-surface applications. Results demonstrate that the phase velocity of Rayleigh waves in viscoelastic media is relatively higher than in elastic media and the fundamental mode increases by 10-16% when the frequency is above 10. Hz due to the velocity dispersion of P and S waves. ?? 2011 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.05.004","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Zhang, K., Luo, Y., Xia, J., and Chen, C., 2011, Pseudospectral modeling and dispersion analysis of Rayleigh waves in viscoelastic media: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 31, no. 10, p. 1332-1337, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.05.004.","startPage":"1332","endPage":"1337","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213723,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.05.004"},{"id":241378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8fc5e4b0c8380cd7f961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, K.","contributorId":71724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chen, C.","contributorId":98490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032508,"text":"70032508 - 2011 - Macroscopic biofilms in fracture-dominated sediment that anaerobically oxidize methane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032508","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macroscopic biofilms in fracture-dominated sediment that anaerobically oxidize methane","docAbstract":"Methane release from seafloor sediments is moderated, in part, by the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) performed by consortia of archaea and bacteria. These consortia occur as isolated cells and aggregates within the sulfate-methane transition (SMT) of diffusion and seep-dominant environments. Here we report on a new SMT setting where the AOM consortium occurs as macroscopic pink to orange biofilms within subseafloor fractures. Biofilm samples recovered from the Indian and northeast Pacific Oceans had a cellular abundance of 10  7 to 10  8 cells cm  -3. This cell density is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude greater than that in the surrounding sediments. Sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes indicated that the bacterial component is dominated by Deltaproteobacteria, candidate division WS3, and Chloroflexi, representing 46%, 15%, and 10% of clones, respectively. In addition, major archaeal taxa found in the biofilm were related to the ANME-1 clade, Thermoplasmatales, and Desulfurococcales, representing 73%, 11%, and 10% of archaeal clones, respectively. The sequences of all major taxa were similar to sequences previously reported from cold seep environments. PhyloChip microarray analysis detected all bacterial phyla identified by the clone library plus an additional 44 phyla. However, sequencing detected more archaea than the PhyloChip within the phyla of Methanosarcinales and Desulfurococcales. The stable carbon isotope composition of the biofilm from the SMT (-35 to-43%) suggests that the production of the biofilm is associated with AOM. These biofilms are a novel, but apparently widespread, aggregation of cells represented by the ANME-1 clade that occur in methane-rich marine sediments. ?? 2011, American Society for Microbiology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1128/AEM.00288-11","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Briggs, B., Pohlman, J., Torres, M., Riedel, M., Brodie, E., and Colwell, F., 2011, Macroscopic biofilms in fracture-dominated sediment that anaerobically oxidize methane: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 77, no. 19, p. 6780-6787, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00288-11.","startPage":"6780","endPage":"6787","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475069,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3187087","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213634,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00288-11"},{"id":241280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b25e4b0c8380cd69317","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, B.R.","contributorId":89728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pohlman, J. W. 0000-0002-3563-4586","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-4586","contributorId":38362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torres, M.","contributorId":8668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riedel, M.","contributorId":65268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brodie, E.L.","contributorId":9075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brodie","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Colwell, F.S.","contributorId":38783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colwell","given":"F.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032507,"text":"70032507 - 2011 - Coulomb stress change sensitivity due to variability in mainshock source models and receiving fault parameters: A case study of the 2010-2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:08:44","indexId":"70032507","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coulomb stress change sensitivity due to variability in mainshock source models and receiving fault parameters: A case study of the 2010-2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes","docAbstract":"Strong aftershocks following major earthquakes present significant challenges for infrastructure recovery as well as for emergency rescue efforts. A tragic instance of this is the 22 February 2011 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 6.3 Christchurch aftershock in New Zealand, which caused more than 100 deaths while the 2010 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 7.1 Canterbury mainshock did not cause a single fatality (Figure 1). Therefore, substantial efforts have been directed toward understanding the generation mechanisms of aftershocks as well as mitigating hazards due to aftershocks. Among these efforts are the prediction of strong aftershocks, earthquake early warning, and aftershock probability assessment. Zhang <i>et al.</i> (1999) reported a successful case of strong aftershock prediction with precursory data such as changes in seismicity pattern, variation of b-value, and geomagnetic anomalies. However, official reports of such successful predictions in geophysical journals are extremely rare, implying that deterministic prediction of potentially damaging aftershocks is not necessarily more scientifically feasible than prediction of mainshocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.82.6.800","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Zhan, Z., Jin, B., Wei, S., and Graves, R.W., 2011, Coulomb stress change sensitivity due to variability in mainshock source models and receiving fault parameters: A case study of the 2010-2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes: Seismological Research Letters, v. 82, no. 6, p. 800-814, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.6.800.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"800","endPage":"814","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213605,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.6.800"}],"country":"New Zealand","city":"Christchurch","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.81,-43.63 ], [ 172.81,-43.39 ], [ 172.39,-43.39 ], [ 172.39,-43.63 ], [ 172.81,-43.63 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"82","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc84e4b0c8380cd4e2c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhan, Zhongwen","contributorId":11491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhan","given":"Zhongwen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jin, Bikai","contributorId":107999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"Bikai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wei, Shengji","contributorId":31652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Shengji","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graves, Robert W. rwgraves@usgs.gov","contributorId":3149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","email":"rwgraves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032505,"text":"70032505 - 2011 - Evaluation of the Global Multi-Resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010) using ICESat geodetic control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-28T13:04:00.087566","indexId":"70032505","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of the Global Multi-Resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010) using ICESat geodetic control","docAbstract":"<p><span>Supported by NASA's Earth Surface and Interior (ESI) Program, we are producing a global set of Ground Control Points (GCPs) derived from the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) altimetry data. From February of 2003, to October of 2009, ICESat obtained nearly global measurements of land topography (+/- 86deg latitudes) with unprecedented accuracy, sampling the Earth's surface at discrete approx.50 m diameter laser footprints spaced 170 m along the altimetry profiles. We apply stringent editing to select the highest quality elevations and&nbsp;use these GCPs to characterize and quantify spatially varying elevation biases in Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). In this paper, we present an evaluation of the soon to be released Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010). Elevation biases and error statistics have been analyzed as a function of land cover and relief. The GMTED2010 products are a large improvement over previous sources of elevation data at comparable resolutions. RMSEs for all products and terrain conditions are below 7 m and typically are about 4 m. The GMTED2010 products are biased upward with respect to the ICESat GCPs on average by approximately 3 m.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Lidar and Radar Mapping 2011: Technologies and Applications","conferenceDate":"May 26-29, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Nanjing, China","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.912776","usgsCitation":"Carabajal, C., Harding, D., Boy, J., Danielson, J.J., Gesch, D., and Suchdeo, V., 2011, Evaluation of the Global Multi-Resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010) using ICESat geodetic control, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 8286, Nanjing, China, May 26-29, 2011, 82861Y, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.912776.","productDescription":"82861Y","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241248,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8286","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cd4e4b0c8380cd52cf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carabajal, C.C.","contributorId":37544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carabajal","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harding, D.J.","contributorId":36723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boy, J.-P.","contributorId":84569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boy","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Danielson, Jeffrey J. 0000-0003-0907-034X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0907-034X","contributorId":40812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gesch, D.B. 0000-0002-8992-4933","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":26886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Suchdeo, V.P.","contributorId":44744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suchdeo","given":"V.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032485,"text":"70032485 - 2011 - An improved understanding of the Alaska coastal current: The application of a bivalve growth-temperature model to reconstruct freshwater-influenced paleoenvironments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032485","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3000,"text":"Palaios","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An improved understanding of the Alaska coastal current: The application of a bivalve growth-temperature model to reconstruct freshwater-influenced paleoenvironments","docAbstract":"Shells of intertidal bivalve mollusks contain sub-seasonally to interannually resolved records of temperature and salinity variations in coastal settings. Such data are essential to understand changing land-sea interactions through time, specifically atmospheric (precipitation rate, glacial meltwater, river discharge) and oceanographic circulation patterns; however, independent temperature and salinity proxies are currently not available. We established a model for reconstructing daily water temperatures with an average standard error of ???1.3 ??C based on variations in the width of lunar daily growth increments of Saxidomus gigantea from southwestern Alaska, United States. Temperature explains 70% of the variability in shell growth. When used in conjunction with stable oxygen isotope data, this approach can also be used to identify changes in past seawater salinity. This study provides a better understanding of the hydrological changes related to the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC). In combination with ??18Oshell values, increment-derived temperatures were used to estimate salinity changes with an average error of 1.4 ?? 1.1 PSU. Our model was calibrated and tested with modern shells and then applied to archaeological specimens. As derived from the model, the time interval of 988-1447 cal yr BP was characterized by ???1-2 ??C colder and much drier (2-5 PSU) summers. During that time, the ACC was likely flowing much more slowly than at present. In contrast, between 599-1014 cal yr BP, the Aleutian low may have been stronger, which resulted in a 3 ??C temperature decrease during summers and 1-2 PSU fresher conditions than today; the ACC was probably flowing more quickly at that time. The shell growth-temperature model can be used to estimate seasonal to interannual salinity and temperature changes in freshwater-influenced environments through time. ?? 2011 SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaios","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2110/palo.2010.p10-151r","issn":"08831351","usgsCitation":"Hallmann, N., Schone, B., Irvine, G., Burchell, M., Cokelet, E., and Hilton, M., 2011, An improved understanding of the Alaska coastal current: The application of a bivalve growth-temperature model to reconstruct freshwater-influenced paleoenvironments: Palaios, v. 26, no. 6, p. 346-363, https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2010.p10-151r.","startPage":"346","endPage":"363","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213818,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2010.p10-151r"},{"id":241478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea74e4b0c8380cd4888b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hallmann, N.","contributorId":25772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallmann","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schone, B.R.","contributorId":64900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schone","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irvine, G.V.","contributorId":97051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burchell, M.","contributorId":68972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burchell","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cokelet, E.D.","contributorId":48397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cokelet","given":"E.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hilton, M.R.","contributorId":20555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilton","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032484,"text":"70032484 - 2011 - Microtopography enhances nitrogen cycling and removal in created mitigation wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70032484","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microtopography enhances nitrogen cycling and removal in created mitigation wetlands","docAbstract":"Natural wetlands often have a heterogeneous soil surface topography, or microtopography (MT), that creates microsites of variable hydrology, vegetation, and soil biogeochemistry. Created mitigation wetlands are designed to mimic natural wetlands in structure and function, and recent mitigation projects have incorporated MT as one way to attain this goal. Microtopography may influence nitrogen (N) cycling in wetlands by providing adjacent areas of aerobic and anaerobic conditions and by increasing carbon storage, which together facilitate N cycling and removal. This study investigated three created wetlands in the Virginia Piedmont that incorporated disking-induced MT during construction. One site had paired disked and undisked plots, allowing an evaluation of the effects of this design feature on N flux rates. Microtopography was measured using conventional survey equipment along a 1-m circular transect and was described using two indices: tortuosity (T), describing soil surface roughness and relief, and limiting elevation difference (LD), describing soil surface relief. Ammonification, nitrification, and net N mineralization were determined with in situ incubation of modified ion-exchange resin cores and denitrification potential was determined using denitrification enzyme assay (DEA). Results demonstrated that disked plots had significantly greater LD than undisked plots one year after construction. Autogenic sources of MT (e.g. tussock-forming vegetation) in concert with variable hydrology and sedimentation maintained and in some cases enhanced MT in study wetlands. Tortuosity and LD values remained the same in one wetland when compared over a two-year period, suggesting a dynamic equilibrium of MT-forming and -eroding processes at play. Microtopography values also increased when comparing the original induced MT of a one-year old wetland with MT of older created wetlands (five and eight years old) with disking-induced MT, indicating that MT can increase by natural processes over time. When examined along a hydrologic gradient, LD increased with proximity to an overflow point as a result of differential sediment deposition and erosion during flood events. Nitrification increased with T and denitrification potential increased with LD, indicating that microtopographic heterogeneity enhances coupled N fluxes. The resulting N flux patterns may be explained by the increase in oxygen availability elicited by greater T (enhancing nitrification) and by the adjacent zones of aerobic and anaerobic conditions elicited by greater LD (enhancing coupled nitrification and denitrification potential). Findings of this study support the incorporation of MT into the design and regulatory evaluation of created wetlands in order to enhance N cycling and removal. ?? 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.013","issn":"09258574","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., Ahn, C., and Noe, G., 2011, Microtopography enhances nitrogen cycling and removal in created mitigation wetlands: Ecological Engineering, v. 37, no. 9, p. 1398-1406, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.013.","startPage":"1398","endPage":"1406","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213786,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.03.013"},{"id":241444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56abe4b0c8380cd6d73a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.L.","contributorId":37547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ahn, C.","contributorId":22589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahn","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noe, G.B.","contributorId":66464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032477,"text":"70032477 - 2011 - Could residual oil from the Exxon Valdez spill create a long-term population \"sink\" for sea otters in Alaska?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T15:08:51","indexId":"70032477","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Could residual oil from the Exxon Valdez spill create a long-term population \"sink\" for sea otters in Alaska?","docAbstract":"Over 20 years ago, the Exxon Valdez oil tanker spilled 42 million L of crude oil into the waters of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. At the time of the spill, the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) population inhabiting the spill area suffered substantial acute injuries and loss. Subsequent research has resulted in one of the best-studied species responses to an oil spill in history. However, the question remains: Is the spill still influencing the Prince William Sound sea otter population? Here we fit time-varying population models to data for the sea otter population of western Prince William Sound to quantify the duration and extent of mortality effects from the spill. We hypothesize that the patchy nature of residual oil left in the environment has created a source-sink population dynamic. We fit models using the age distributions of both living and dying animals and estimates of sea otter population size to predict the number of sea otters in the hypothesized sink population and the number lost to this sink due to chronic exposure to residual oil. Our results suggest that the sink population has remained at just over 900 individuals (95% CI: 606-960) between 1990 and 2009, during which time prime-age survival remained 2-6% below pre-spill levels. This reduced survival led to chronic losses of ???900 animals over the past two decades, which is similar in magnitude to the number of sea otter deaths documented in western Prince William Sound during the acute phase of the spill. However, the unaffected source population appears to be counterbalancing these losses, with the model indicating that the sea otter population increased from ???2150 individuals in 1990 to nearly 3000 in 2009. The most optimistic interpretation of our results suggests that mortality effects dissipated between 2005 and 2007. Our results suggest that residual oil can affect wildlife populations on time scales much longer than previously believed and that cumulative chronic effects can be as significant as acute effects. Further, source-sink population dynamics can explain the slow recovery observed in the spill-affected western Prince William Sound sea otter population and are consistent with available data. ??2011 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/11-0152.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Monson, D., Doak, D.F., Ballachey, B.E., and Bodkin, J.L., 2011, Could residual oil from the Exxon Valdez spill create a long-term population \"sink\" for sea otters in Alaska?: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 8, p. 2917-2932, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0152.1.","startPage":"2917","endPage":"2932","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0152.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc83e4b0c8380cd4e2be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doak, Daniel F.","contributorId":46811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032474,"text":"70032474 - 2011 - Forecasting carbon budget under climate change and CO 2 fertilization for subtropical region in China using integrated biosphere simulator (IBIS) model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032474","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3100,"text":"Polish Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting carbon budget under climate change and CO 2 fertilization for subtropical region in China using integrated biosphere simulator (IBIS) model","docAbstract":"The regional carbon budget of the climatic transition zone may be very sensitive to climate change and increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. This study simulated the carbon cycles under these changes using process-based ecosystem models. The Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS), a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM), was used to evaluate the impacts of climate change and CO 2 fertilization on net primary production (NPP), net ecosystem production (NEP), and the vegetation structure of terrestrial ecosystems in Zhejiang province (area 101,800 km 2, mainly covered by subtropical evergreen forest and warm-temperate evergreen broadleaf forest) which is located in the subtropical climate area of China. Two general circulation models (HADCM3 and CGCM3) representing four IPCC climate change scenarios (HC3AA, HC3GG, CGCM-sresa2, and CGCM-sresb1) were used as climate inputs for IBIS. Results show that simulated historical biomass and NPP are consistent with field and other modelled data, which makes the analysis of future carbon budget reliable. The results indicate that NPP over the entire Zhejiang province was about 55 Mt C yr -1 during the last half of the 21 st century. An NPP increase of about 24 Mt C by the end of the 21 st century was estimated with the combined effects of increasing CO 2 and climate change. A slight NPP increase of about 5 Mt C was estimated under the climate change alone scenario. Forests in Zhejiang are currently acting as a carbon sink with an average NEP of about 2.5 Mt C yr -1. NEP will increase to about 5 Mt C yr -1 by the end of the 21 st century with the increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration and climate change. However, climate change alone will reduce the forest carbon sequestration of Zhejiang's forests. Future climate warming will substantially change the vegetation cover types; warm-temperate evergreen broadleaf forest will be gradually substituted by subtropical evergreen forest. An increasing CO 2 concentration will have little contribution to vegetation changes. Simulated NPP shows geographic patterns consistent with temperature to a certain extent, and precipitation is not the limiting factor for forest NPP in the subtropical climate conditions. There is no close relationship between the spatial pattern of NEP and climate condition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polish Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15052249","usgsCitation":"Zhu, Q., Jiang, H., Liu, J., Peng, C., Fang, X., Yu, S., Zhou, G., Wei, X., and Ju, W., 2011, Forecasting carbon budget under climate change and CO 2 fertilization for subtropical region in China using integrated biosphere simulator (IBIS) model: Polish Journal of Ecology, v. 59, no. 1, p. 3-24.","startPage":"3","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1314e4b0c8380cd544f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, Q.","contributorId":93711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jiang, H.","contributorId":83731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peng, C.","contributorId":79314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fang, X.","contributorId":32288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yu, S.","contributorId":25771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhou, G.","contributorId":12604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wei, X.","contributorId":50636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ju, W.","contributorId":10627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ju","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70032472,"text":"70032472 - 2011 - Three-dimensional surface deformation mapping by convensional interferometry and multiple aperture interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70032472","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Three-dimensional surface deformation mapping by convensional interferometry and multiple aperture interferometry","docAbstract":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique has been successfully used for mapping surface deformations [1-2], but it has been normally limited to a measurement along the radar line-of-sight (LOS) direction. For this reason, it is impossible to determine the north (N-S) component of surface deformation because of using data from near-polar orbiting satellites, and it is not sufficient to resolve the parameters of models for earthquakes and volcanic activities because there is a marked trade-off among model parameters [3]. ?? 2011 KIEES.","largerWorkTitle":"2011 3rd International Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, APSAR 2011","conferenceTitle":"2011 3rd International Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, APSAR 2011","conferenceDate":"26 September 2011 through 30 September 2011","conferenceLocation":"Seoul","language":"English","isbn":"9788993246179","usgsCitation":"Jung, H., Lu, Z., and Lee, C., 2011, Three-dimensional surface deformation mapping by convensional interferometry and multiple aperture interferometry, <i>in</i> 2011 3rd International Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, APSAR 2011, Seoul, 26 September 2011 through 30 September 2011, p. 30-31.","startPage":"30","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb34ae4b08c986b325cd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jung, H.-S.","contributorId":41068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"H.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, C.-W.","contributorId":31901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"C.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032453,"text":"70032453 - 2011 - Reassessment of stable continental regions of Southeast Asia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032453","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reassessment of stable continental regions of Southeast Asia","docAbstract":"Probabilistic seismic-hazard assessments of the central and eastern United States (CEUS) require estimates of the size of the largest possible earthquake (Mmax). In most of the CEUS, sparse historical seismicity does not provide a record of moderate and large earthquakes that is sufficient to constrain Mmax. One remedy for the insufficient catalog is to combine the catalog of moderate to large CEUS earthquakes with catalogs from other regions worldwide that are tectonically analogous to the CEUS (stable continental regions, or SCRs). After the North America SCR, the largest contribution of earthquakes to this global SCR catalog comes from a Southeast Asian SCR that extends from Indochina to southeasternmost Russia. Integration and interpretation of recently published geological and geophysical results show that most of these Southeast Asian earthquakes occurred in areas exposing abundant alkaline igneous rocks and extensional faults, both of Neogene age (last 23 million years). The implied Neogene extension precludes classification of the areas as SCR crust. The extension also reduces the number of moderate and large Southeast Asian historical earthquakes that are available to constrain CEUS Mmax by 86 percent, from 43 to six.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.82.6.971","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., 2011, Reassessment of stable continental regions of Southeast Asia: Seismological Research Letters, v. 82, no. 6, p. 971-983, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.6.971.","startPage":"971","endPage":"983","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213816,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.6.971"},{"id":241475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95c1e4b0c8380cd81bfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, R. L.","contributorId":34916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032450,"text":"70032450 - 2011 - Deep rock damage in the san andreas fault revealed by P- and S-type fault-zone-guided waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-16T17:34:41.880536","indexId":"70032450","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep rock damage in the san andreas fault revealed by P- and S-type fault-zone-guided waves","docAbstract":"<p><span>Damage to fault-zone rocks during fault slip results in the formation of a channel of low seismic-wave velocities. Within such channels guided seismic waves, denoted by F</span><sub>g</sub><span>, can propagate. Here we show with core samples, well logs and F</span><sub>g</sub><span>-waves that such a channel is crossed by the SAFOD (San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth) borehole at a depth of 2.7 km near Parkfield, California, USA. This laterally extensive channel extends downwards to at least half way through the seismogenic crust, more than about 7 km. The channel supports not only the previously recognized Love-type- (F</span><sub>L</sub><span>) and Rayleigh-type- (F</span><sub>R</sub><span>) guided waves, but also a new fault-guided wave, which we name F</span><sub>Φ</sub><span>. As recorded 2.7 km underground, F</span><sub>Φ</sub><span>&nbsp;is normally dispersed, ends in an Airy phase, and arrives between the P</span><strong>-</strong><span>&nbsp;and S</span><strong>-</strong><span>waves. Modelling shows that F</span><sub>Φ</sub><span>&nbsp;travels as a leaky mode within the core of the fault zone. Combined with the drill core samples, well logs and the two other types of guided waves, F</span><sub>Φ</sub><span>&nbsp;at SAFOD reveals a zone of profound, deep, rock damage. Originating from damage accumulated over the recent history of fault movement, we suggest it is maintained either by fracturing near the slip surface of earthquakes, such as the 1857 Fort Tejon&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;7.9, or is an unexplained part of the fault-creep process known to be active at this site.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1144/SP359.3","usgsCitation":"Ellsworth, W.L., and Malin, P.E., 2011, Deep rock damage in the san andreas fault revealed by P- and S-type fault-zone-guided waves: Geological Society Special Publication, v. 359, no. 1, p. 39-53, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP359.3.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"53","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213751,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/SP359.3"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","volume":"359","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe28e4b0c8380cd4eb5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":523090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malin, Peter E.","contributorId":40889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malin","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":523091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032419,"text":"70032419 - 2011 - Simulating the potential effects of climate change in two Colorado basins and at two Colorado ski areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T15:31:02","indexId":"70032419","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating the potential effects of climate change in two Colorado basins and at two Colorado ski areas","docAbstract":"<p>The mountainous areas of Colorado are used for tourism and recreation, and they provide water storage and supply for municipalities, industries, and agriculture. Recent studies suggest that water supply and tourist industries such as skiing are at risk from climate change. In this study, a distributed-parameter watershed model, the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), is used to identify the potential effects of future climate on hydrologic conditions for two Colorado basins, the East River at Almont and the Yampa River at Steamboat Springs, and at the subbasin scale for two ski areas within those basins.</p><p>Climate-change input files for PRMS were generated by modifying daily PRMS precipitation and temperature inputs with mean monthly climate-change fields of precipitation and temperature derived from five general circulation model (GCM) simulations using one current and three future carbon emission scenarios. All GCM simulations of mean daily minimum and maximum air temperature for the East and Yampa River basins indicate a relatively steady increase of up to several degrees Celsius from baseline conditions by 2094. GCM simulations of precipitation in the two basins indicate little change or trend in precipitation, but there is a large range associated with these projections. PRMS projections of basin mean daily streamflow vary by scenario but indicate a central tendency toward slight decreases, with a large range associated with these projections.</p><p>Decreases in water content or changes in the spatial extent of snowpack in the East and Yampa River basins are important because of potential adverse effects on water supply and recreational activities. PRMS projections of each future scenario indicate a central tendency for decreases in basin mean snow-covered area and snowpack water equivalent, with the range in the projected decreases increasing with time. However, when examined on a monthly basis, the projected decreases are most dramatic during fall and spring. Presumably, ski area locations are picked because of a tendency to receive snow and keep snowpack relative to the surrounding area. This effect of ski area location within the basin was examined by comparing projections of March snow-covered area and snowpack water equivalent for the entire basin with more local projections for the portion of the basin that represents the ski area in the PRMS models. These projections indicate a steady decrease in March snow-covered area for the basins but only small changes in March snow-covered area at both ski areas for the three future scenarios until around 2050. After 2050, larger decreases are possible, but there is a large range in the projections of future scenarios. The rates of decrease for snowpack water equivalent and precipitation that falls as snow are similar at the basin and subbasin scale in both basins. Results from this modeling effort show that there is a wide range of possible outcomes for future snowpack conditions in Colorado. The results also highlight the differences between projections for entire basins and projections for local areas or subbasins within those basins.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2011EI373.1","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W., Hay, L.E., and Markstrom, S., 2011, Simulating the potential effects of climate change in two Colorado basins and at two Colorado ski areas: Earth Interactions, v. 15, no. 22, p. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1175/2011EI373.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2011ei373.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"East River, Yampa River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-106.190554,40.997607],[-106.061181,40.996999],[-105.730421,40.996886],[-105.724804,40.99691],[-105.277138,40.998173],[-105.27686,40.998173],[-105.256527,40.998191],[-105.254779,40.99821],[-104.943371,40.998084],[-104.855273,40.998048],[-104.829504,40.99927],[-104.675999,41.000957],[-104.497149,41.001828],[-104.497058,41.001805],[-104.467672,41.001473],[-104.214692,41.001657],[-104.214191,41.001568],[-104.211473,41.001591],[-104.123586,41.001626],[-104.10459,41.001543],[-104.086068,41.001563],[-104.066961,41.001504],[-104.053249,41.001406],[-104.039238,41.001502],[-104.023383,41.001887],[-104.018223,41.001617],[-103.972642,41.001615],[-103.971373,41.001524],[-103.953525,41.001596],[-103.906324,41.001387],[-103.896207,41.00175],[-103.877967,41.001673],[-103.858449,41.001681],[-103.750498,41.002054],[-103.574522,41.001721],[-103.497447,41.001635],[-103.486697,41.001914],[-103.421975,41.002007],[-103.421925,41.001969],[-103.396991,41.002558],[-103.382492,41.002232],[-103.365314,41.001846],[-103.362979,41.001844],[-103.077804,41.002298],[-103.076536,41.002253],[-103.059538,41.002368],[-103.057998,41.002368],[-103.043444,41.002344],[-103.038704,41.002251],[-103.002026,41.002486],[-103.000102,41.0024],[-102.98269,41.002157],[-102.981483,41.002112],[-102.963669,41.002186],[-102.962522,41.002072],[-102.960706,41.002059],[-102.959624,41.002095],[-102.94483,41.002303],[-102.943109,41.002051],[-102.925568,41.00228],[-102.924029,41.002142],[-102.906547,41.002276],[-102.904796,41.002207],[-102.887407,41.002178],[-102.885746,41.002131],[-102.867822,41.002183],[-102.865784,41.001988],[-102.849263,41.002301],[-102.846455,41.002256],[-102.830303,41.002351],[-102.82728,41.002143],[-102.773546,41.002414],[-102.766723,41.002275],[-102.754617,41.002361],[-102.739624,41.00223],[-102.653463,41.002332],[-102.621033,41.002597],[-102.578696,41.002291],[-102.575738,41.002268],[-102.575496,41.0022],[-102.566048,41.0022],[-102.556789,41.002219],[-102.487955,41.002445],[-102.470537,41.002382],[-102.469223,41.002424],[-102.379593,41.002301],[-102.364066,41.002174],[-102.292833,41.002207],[-102.292622,41.00223],[-102.292553,41.002207],[-102.291354,41.002207],[-102.2721,41.002245],[-102.267812,41.002383],[-102.231931,41.002327],[-102.2122,41.002462],[-102.209361,41.002442],[-102.19121,41.002326],[-102.124972,41.002338],[-102.070598,41.002423],[-102.051718,41.002377],[-102.051614,41.002377],[-102.051292,40.749591],[-102.051292,40.749586],[-102.051398,40.697542],[-102.051725,40.537839],[-102.051519,40.520094],[-102.051465,40.440008],[-102.05184,40.396396],[-102.051572,40.39308],[-102.051798,40.360069],[-102.051553,40.349214],[-102.051309,40.338381],[-102.051922,40.235344],[-102.051894,40.229193],[-102.051909,40.162674],[-102.052001,40.148359],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-102.051569,39.849805],[-102.051363,39.843471],[-102.051318,39.833311],[-102.051254,39.818992],[-102.050594,39.675594],[-102.050099,39.653812],[-102.050422,39.646048],[-102.049954,39.592331],[-102.049806,39.574058],[-102.049764,39.56818],[-102.049554,39.538932],[-102.049673,39.536691],[-102.049679,39.506183],[-102.049369,39.423333],[-102.04937,39.41821],[-102.049167,39.403597],[-102.04896,39.373712],[-102.048449,39.303138],[-102.04725,39.13702],[-102.047189,39.133147],[-102.047134,39.129701],[-102.046571,39.047038],[-102.045388,38.813392],[-102.045334,38.799463],[-102.045448,38.783453],[-102.045371,38.770064],[-102.045287,38.755528],[-102.045375,38.754339],[-102.045212,38.697567],[-102.045156,38.688555],[-102.045127,38.686725],[-102.04516,38.675221],[-102.045102,38.674946],[-102.045074,38.669617],[-102.045288,38.615249],[-102.045288,38.615168],[-102.045211,38.581609],[-102.045189,38.558732],[-102.045223,38.543797],[-102.045112,38.523784],[-102.045262,38.505532],[-102.045263,38.505395],[-102.045324,38.453647],[-102.044936,38.41968],[-102.044442,38.415802],[-102.044944,38.384419],[-102.044613,38.312324],[-102.044568,38.268819],[-102.044567,38.268749],[-102.04451,38.262412],[-102.044398,38.250015],[-102.044251,38.141778],[-102.044589,38.125013],[-102.044255,38.113011],[-102.044644,38.045532],[-102.043844,37.928102],[-102.043845,37.926135],[-102.043219,37.867929],[-102.043033,37.824146],[-102.042953,37.803535],[-102.042668,37.788758],[-102.042158,37.760164],[-102.04199,37.738541],[-102.041876,37.723875],[-102.041574,37.680436],[-102.041694,37.665681],[-102.041582,37.654495],[-102.041585,37.644282],[-102.041618,37.607868],[-102.041894,37.557977],[-102.041899,37.541186],[-102.042016,37.535261],[-102.041786,37.506066],[-102.041801,37.469488],[-102.041755,37.434855],[-102.041669,37.43474],[-102.041676,37.409898],[-102.041586,37.38919],[-102.041524,37.375018],[-102.042089,37.352819],[-102.041974,37.352613],[-102.041817,37.30949],[-102.041664,37.29765],[-102.041963,37.258164],[-102.042002,37.141744],[-102.042135,37.125021],[-102.042092,37.125021],[-102.041809,37.111973],[-102.041983,37.106551],[-102.04192,37.035083],[-102.041749,37.034397],[-102.041921,37.032178],[-102.04195,37.030805],[-102.041952,37.024742],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-102.054503,36.993109],[-102.184271,36.993593],[-102.208316,36.99373],[-102.260789,36.994388],[-102.355288,36.994506],[-102.355367,36.994575],[-102.698142,36.995149],[-102.74206,36.997689],[-102.75986,37.000019],[-102.778569,36.999242],[-102.806762,37.000019],[-102.814616,37.000783],[-102.841989,36.999598],[-102.979613,36.998549],[-102.985807,36.998571],[-102.986976,36.998524],[-103.002199,37.000104],[-103.086106,37.000174],[-103.155922,37.000232],[-103.733247,36.998016],[-103.734364,36.998041],[-104.007855,36.996239],[-104.250536,36.994644],[-104.338833,36.993535],[-104.519257,36.993766],[-104.624556,36.994377],[-104.625545,36.993599],[-104.645029,36.993378],[-104.732031,36.993447],[-104.73212,36.993484],[-105.000554,36.993264],[-105.029228,36.992729],[-105.1208,36.995428],[-105.155042,36.995339],[-105.220613,36.995169],[-105.251296,36.995605],[-105.41931,36.995856],[-105.442459,36.995994],[-105.447255,36.996017],[-105.465182,36.995991],[-105.508836,36.995895],[-105.512485,36.995777],[-105.533922,36.995875],[-105.62747,36.995679],[-105.66472,36.995874],[-105.716471,36.995849],[-105.71847,36.995846],[-105.996159,36.995418],[-105.997472,36.995417],[-106.006634,36.995343],[-106.201469,36.994122],[-106.247705,36.994266],[-106.248675,36.994288],[-106.293279,36.99389],[-106.343139,36.99423],[-106.47628,36.993839],[-106.500589,36.993768],[-106.617159,36.992967],[-106.617125,36.993004],[-106.628652,36.993175],[-106.628733,36.993161],[-106.661344,36.993243],[-106.675626,36.993123],[-106.750591,36.992461],[-106.869796,36.992426],[-106.877292,37.000139],[-107.420913,37.000005],[-107.420915,37.000005],[-107.481737,37.000005],[-108.000623,37.000001],[-108.249358,36.999015],[-108.250635,36.999561],[-108.288086,36.999555],[-108.2884,36.99952],[-108.320464,36.999499],[-108.320721,36.99951],[-108.379203,36.999459],[-108.619689,36.999249],[-108.620309,36.999287],[-108.954404,36.998906],[-108.958868,36.998913],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.045166,37.072742],[-109.045058,37.074661],[-109.044995,37.086429],[-109.045189,37.096271],[-109.045173,37.109464],[-109.045203,37.111958],[-109.045156,37.112064],[-109.045995,37.177279],[-109.045978,37.201831],[-109.045487,37.210844],[-109.045584,37.249351],[-109.046039,37.249993],[-109.04581,37.374993],[-109.043464,37.484711],[-109.043137,37.499992],[-109.041915,37.530653],[-109.041865,37.530726],[-109.041806,37.604171],[-109.042131,37.617662],[-109.042089,37.623795],[-109.042269,37.666067],[-109.041732,37.711214],[-109.04176,37.713182],[-109.041636,37.74021],[-109.042098,37.74999],[-109.041461,37.800105],[-109.041754,37.835826],[-109.041723,37.842051],[-109.041844,37.872788],[-109.041653,37.88117],[-109.041058,37.907236],[-109.043121,37.97426],[-109.042819,37.997068],[-109.04282,37.999301],[-109.041837,38.153022],[-109.041762,38.16469],[-109.054648,38.244921],[-109.060062,38.275489],[-109.059962,38.499987],[-109.060253,38.599328],[-109.059541,38.719888],[-109.057388,38.795456],[-109.054189,38.874984],[-109.053943,38.904414],[-109.053797,38.905284],[-109.053233,38.942467],[-109.053292,38.942878],[-109.052436,38.999985],[-109.051512,39.126095],[-109.050765,39.366677],[-109.051363,39.497674],[-109.05104,39.660472],[-109.050615,39.87497],[-109.050873,40.058915],[-109.050813,40.059579],[-109.050944,40.180712],[-109.050973,40.180849],[-109.050969,40.222662],[-109.050946,40.444368],[-109.050314,40.495092],[-109.050698,40.499963],[-109.049955,40.539901],[-109.050074,40.540358],[-109.048044,40.619231],[-109.048249,40.653601],[-109.048373,40.662602],[-109.049088,40.714562],[-109.048455,40.826081],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-108.884138,41.000094],[-108.631108,41.000156],[-108.526667,40.999608],[-108.500659,41.000112],[-108.250649,41.000114],[-108.181227,41.000455],[-108.046539,41.002064],[-107.918421,41.002036],[-107.625624,41.002124],[-107.367443,41.003073],[-107.317794,41.002967],[-107.241194,41.002804],[-107.000606,41.003444],[-106.857773,41.002663],[-106.453859,41.002057],[-106.439563,41.001978],[-106.437419,41.001795],[-106.43095,41.001752],[-106.391852,41.001176],[-106.386356,41.001144],[-106.321165,40.999123],[-106.217573,40.997734],[-106.190554,40.997607]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Colorado\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"15","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fdbe4b08c986b3191a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, William","contributorId":112783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":513952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markstrom, Steve","contributorId":23682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032415,"text":"70032415 - 2011 - A heuristic simulation model of Lake Ontario circulation and mass balance transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032415","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A heuristic simulation model of Lake Ontario circulation and mass balance transport","docAbstract":"The redistribution of suspended organisms and materials by large-scale currents is part of natural ecological processes in large aquatic systems but can contribute to ecosystem disruption when exotic elements are introduced into the system. Toxic compounds and planktonic organisms spend various lengths of time in suspension before settling to the bottom or otherwise being removed. We constructed a simple physical simulation model, including the influence of major tributaries, to qualitatively examine circulation patterns in Lake Ontario. We used a simple mass balance approach to estimate the relative water input to and export from each of 10 depth regime-specific compartments (nearshore vs. offshore) comprising Lake Ontario. Despite its simplicity, our model produced circulation patterns similar to those reported by more complex studies in the literature. A three-gyre pattern, with the classic large counterclockwise central lake circulation, and a simpler two-gyre system were both observed. These qualitative simulations indicate little offshore transport along the south shore, except near the mouths of the Niagara River and Oswego River. Complex flow structure was evident, particularly near the Niagara River mouth and in offshore waters of the eastern basin. Average Lake Ontario residence time is 8 years, but the fastest model pathway indicated potential transport of plankton through the lake in as little as 60 days. This simulation illustrates potential invasion pathways and provides rough estimates of planktonic larval dispersal or chemical transport among nearshore and offshore areas of Lake Ontario. ?? 2011 Taylor & Francis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2011.553928","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., and Chalupnicki, M., 2011, A heuristic simulation model of Lake Ontario circulation and mass balance transport: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 123-132, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2011.553928.","startPage":"123","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475084,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2011.553928","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213717,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2011.553928"},{"id":241372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e41be4b0c8380cd463f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, J.E. Jr.","contributorId":106065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"J.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalupnicki, M.A.","contributorId":37966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalupnicki","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032412,"text":"70032412 - 2011 - Distributional changes and range predictions of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) in Rocky Mountain National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032412","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2100,"text":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distributional changes and range predictions of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) in Rocky Mountain National Park","docAbstract":"Downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), an invasive winter annual grass, may be increasing in extent and abundance at high elevations in the western United States. This would pose a great threat to high-elevation plant communities and resources. However, data to track this species in high-elevation environments are limited. To address changes in the distribution and abundance of downy brome and the factors most associated with its occurrence, we used field sampling and statistical methods, and niche modeling. In 2007, we resampled plots from two vegetation surveys in Rocky Mountain National Park for presence and cover of downy brome. One survey was established in 1993 and had been resampled in 1999. The other survey was established in 1996 and had not been resampled until our study. Although not all comparisons between years demonstrated significant changes in downy brome abundance, its mean cover increased nearly fivefold from 1993 (0.7%) to 2007 (3.6%) in one of the two vegetation surveys (P = 0.06). Although the average cover of downy brome within the second survey appeared to be increasing from 1996 to 2007, this slight change from 0.5% to 1.2% was not statistically significant (P = 0.24). Downy brome was present in 50% more plots in 1999 than in 1993 (P = 0.02) in the first survey. In the second survey, downy brome was present in 30% more plots in 2007 than in 1996 (P = 0.08). Maxent, a species-environmental matching model, was generally able to predict occurrences of downy brome, as new locations were in the ranges predicted by earlier generated models. The model found that distance to roads, elevation, and vegetation community influenced the predictions most. The strong response of downy brome to interannual environmental variability makes detecting change challenging, especially with small sample sizes. However, our results suggest that the area in which downy brome occurs is likely increasing in Rocky Mountain National Park through increased frequency and cover. Field surveys along with predictive modeling will be vital in directing efforts to manage this highly invasive species. ?? Weed Science Society of America 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00022.1","issn":"19397291","usgsCitation":"Bromberg, J., Kumar, S., Brown, C.S., and Stohlgren, T., 2011, Distributional changes and range predictions of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) in Rocky Mountain National Park: Invasive Plant Science and Management, v. 4, no. 2, p. 173-182, https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00022.1.","startPage":"173","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213659,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00022.1"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0326e4b0c8380cd50376","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromberg, J.E.","contributorId":10232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromberg","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kumar, S.","contributorId":89843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, C. S.","contributorId":80675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032394,"text":"70032394 - 2011 - Inversion of ground-motion data from a seismometer array for rotation using a modification of Jaeger's method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T09:45:16","indexId":"70032394","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inversion of ground-motion data from a seismometer array for rotation using a modification of Jaeger's method","docAbstract":"We develop a new way to invert 2D translational waveforms using Jaeger's (1969) formula to derive rotational ground motions about one axis and estimate the errors in them using techniques from statistical multivariate analysis. This procedure can be used to derive rotational ground motions and strains using arrayed translational data, thus providing an efficient way to calibrate the performance of rotational sensors. This approach does not require a priori information about the noise level of the translational data and elastic properties of the media. This new procedure also provides estimates of the standard deviations of the derived rotations and strains. In this study, we validated this code using synthetic translational waveforms from a seismic array. The results after the inversion of the synthetics for rotations were almost identical with the results derived using a well-tested inversion procedure by Spudich and Fletcher (2009). This new 2D procedure can be applied three times to obtain the full, three-component rotations. Additional modifications can be implemented to the code in the future to study different features of the rotational ground motions and strains induced by the passage of seismic waves.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120100204","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Chi, W., Lee, W., Aston, J., Lin, C., and Liu, C., 2011, Inversion of ground-motion data from a seismometer array for rotation using a modification of Jaeger's method: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 6, p. 3105-3109, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100204.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3105","endPage":"3109","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-022928","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213877,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120100204"},{"id":241543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e53e4b0c8380cd63ca6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chi, Wu-Cheng","contributorId":26148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chi","given":"Wu-Cheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aston, J.A.D.","contributorId":55650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aston","given":"J.A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lin, C.J.","contributorId":99385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, C.-C.","contributorId":89662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"C.-C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032393,"text":"70032393 - 2011 - Measurements of Martian dust devil winds with HiRISE","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T15:46:34","indexId":"70032393","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurements of Martian dust devil winds with HiRISE","docAbstract":"<p><span>We report wind measurements within Martian dust devils observed in plan view from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) orbiting Mars. The central color swath of the HiRISE instrument has three separate charge‐coupled devices (CCDs) and color filters that observe the surface in rapid cadence. Active features, such as dust devils, appear in motion when observed by this region of the instrument. Our image animations reveal clear circulatory motion within dust devils that is separate from their translational motion across the Martian surface. Both manual and automated tracking of dust devil clouds reveal tangential winds that approach 20–30 m s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in some cases. These winds are sufficient to induce a ∼1% decrease in atmospheric pressure within the dust devil core relative to ambient, facilitating dust lifting by reducing the threshold wind speed for particle elevation. Finally, radial velocity profiles constructed from our automated measurements test the Rankine vortex model for dust devil structure. Our profiles successfully reveal the solid body rotation component in the interior, but fail to conclusively illuminate the profile in the outer regions of the vortex. One profile provides evidence for a velocity decrease as a function of r</span><sup>−1/2</sup><span>, instead of r</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, suggestive of surface friction effects. However, other profiles do not support this observation, or do not contain enough measurements to produce meaningful insights.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011GL049806","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Choi, D., and Dundas, C.M., 2011, Measurements of Martian dust devil winds with HiRISE: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 24, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049806.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487058,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl049806","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213876,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049806"}],"volume":"38","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5325e4b0c8380cd6c8df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choi, D.S.","contributorId":86180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}