Few studies link habitat to grizzly bear Ursus arctos abundance and these have not accounted for the variation in detection or spatial autocorrelation. We collected and genotyped bear hair in and around Glacier National Park in northwestern Montana during the summer of 2000. We developed a hierarchical Markov chain Monte Carlo model that extends the existing occupancy and count models by accounting for (1) spatially explicit variables that we hypothesized might influence abundance; (2) separate sub-models of detection probability for two distinct sampling methods (hair traps and rub trees) targeting different segments of the population; (3) covariates to explain variation in each sub-model of detection; (4) a conditional autoregressive term to account for spatial autocorrelation; (5) weights to identify most important variables. Road density and per cent mesic habitat best explained variation in female grizzly bear abundance; spatial autocorrelation was not supported. More female bears were predicted in places with lower road density and with more mesic habitat. Detection rates of females increased with rub tree sampling effort. Road density best explained variation in male grizzly bear abundance and spatial autocorrelation was supported. More male bears were predicted in areas of low road density. Detection rates of males increased with rub tree and hair trap sampling effort and decreased over the sampling period. We provide a new method to (1) incorporate multiple detection methods into hierarchical models of abundance; (2) determine whether spatial autocorrelation should be included in final models. Our results suggest that the influence of landscape variables is consistent between habitat selection and abundance in this system.
","language":"English","publisher":"ZSL","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00471.x","issn":"13679430","usgsCitation":"Graves, T., Kendall, K.C., Royle, J., Stetz, J., and Macleod, A., 2011, Linking landscape characteristics to local grizzly bear abundance using multiple detection methods in a hierarchical model: Animal Conservation, v. 14, no. 6, p. 652-664, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00471.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"652","endPage":"664","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-016643","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213936,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00471.x"}],"volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47d6e4b0c8380cd679f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graves, T.A.","contributorId":93286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, Katherine C. 0000-0002-4831-2287 kkendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-2287","contributorId":3081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Katherine","email":"kkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":138865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stetz, J.B.","contributorId":74207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetz","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Macleod, A.C.","contributorId":41660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macleod","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032355,"text":"70032355 - 2011 - Origin of minor and trace element compositional diversity in anorthitic feldspar phenocrysts and melt inclusions from the Juan de Fuca Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T11:20:43","indexId":"70032355","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of minor and trace element compositional diversity in anorthitic feldspar phenocrysts and melt inclusions from the Juan de Fuca Ridge","docAbstract":"Melt inclusions trapped in phenocryst phases are important primarily due to their potential of preserving a significant proportion of the diversity of magma composition prior to modification of the parent magma array during transport through the crust. The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of formational and post-entrapment processes on the composition of melt inclusions hosted in high anorthite plagioclase in MORB. Our observations from three plagioclase ultra-phyric lavas from the Endeavor Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge document a narrow range of major elements and a dramatically greater range of minor and trace elements within most host plagioclase crystals. Observed host/inclusion partition coefficients for Ti are consistent with experimental determinations. In addition, observed values of DTi are independent of inclusion size and inclusion TiO2 content of the melt inclusion. These observations preclude significant effects from the re-homogenization process, entrapment of incompatible element boundary layers or dissolution/precipitation. The observed wide range of TiO2 contents in the host feldspar, and between bands of melt inclusions within individual crystals rule out modification of TiOThe triangular distribution is a popular choice when it comes to modeling bounded continuous random variables. Its wide acceptance derives mostly from its simple analytic properties and the ease with which modelers can specify its three parameters through the extremes and the mode. On the negative side, hardly any real process follows a triangular distribution, which from the outset puts at a disadvantage any model employing triangular distributions. At a time when numerical techniques such as the Monte Carlo method are displacing analytic approaches in stochastic resource assessments, easy specification remains the most attractive characteristic of the triangular distribution. The beta distribution is another continuous distribution defined within a finite interval offering wider flexibility in style of variation, thus allowing consideration of models in which the random variables closely follow the observed or expected styles of variation. Despite its more complex definition, generation of values following a beta distribution is as straightforward as generating values following a triangular distribution, leaving the selection of parameters as the main impediment to practically considering beta distributions. This contribution intends to promote the acceptance of the beta distribution by explaining its properties and offering several suggestions to facilitate the specification of its two shape parameters. In general, given the same distributional parameters, use of the beta distributions in stochastic modeling may yield significantly different results, yet better estimates, than the triangular distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-011-9153-1","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., 2011, On the use of the beta distribution in probabilistic resource assessments: Natural Resources Research, v. 20, no. 4, p. 377-388, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-011-9153-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"388","ipdsId":"IP-027096","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214916,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-011-9153-1"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6db0e4b0c8380cd7528e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032327,"text":"70032327 - 2011 - Spatial variation in transient water table responses: Differences between an upper and lower hillslope zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032327","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variation in transient water table responses: Differences between an upper and lower hillslope zone","docAbstract":"To better understand storage-runoff dynamics, transient groundwater responses were examined in one of the steep watersheds in British Columbia's coastal mountains. Streamflow and piezometric data were collected for 1year to determine the spatial and temporal relations between transient groundwater levels and discharge. Correlations between piezometer responses and lag-time analysis were used to identify and better understand runoff generation mechanisms in this watershed. Results showed a large spatial and temporal variation in transient water table dynamics and indicated that two distinct zones existed: a lower hillslope zone and an upslope zone. Each zone was characterized by very different water table responses. The upper hillslope was disconnected from the stream for the majority of time, suggesting that during most events, it does not directly contribute to streamflow. Piezometers in the lower hillslope zone showed hydrologically limited responses, suggesting rapid subsurface flow, likely through the many macropores and soil pipes. The lag time between peak streamflow and peak groundwater level decreased with increasing antecedent moisture conditions and was more variable for piezometers further away from the stream than for piezometers close to the stream. The study results indicate that a single storage-runoff model is not appropriate for this steep watershed and that a two- or three-compartment model would be more suitable. ?? 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8354","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Haught, D., and Van Meerveld, H., 2011, Spatial variation in transient water table responses: Differences between an upper and lower hillslope zone: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 25, p. 3866-3877, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8354.","startPage":"3866","endPage":"3877","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214890,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8354"},{"id":242648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94bde4b08c986b31ac1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haught, D.R.W.","contributorId":80100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haught","given":"D.R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Meerveld, H. J.","contributorId":107954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Meerveld","given":"H. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032325,"text":"70032325 - 2011 - The distribution and abundance of a nuisance native alga, Didymosphen Didymosphenia geminata, in streams of Glacier National Park: Climate drivers and management implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032325","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution and abundance of a nuisance native alga, Didymosphen Didymosphenia geminata, in streams of Glacier National Park: Climate drivers and management implications","docAbstract":"Didymosphenia geminata (didymo) is a freshwater alga native to North America, including Glacier National Park, Montana. It has long been considered a cold-water species, but has recently spread to lower latitudes and warmer waters, and increasingly forms large blooms that cover streambeds. We used a comprehensive monitoring data set from the National Park Service (NPS) and USGS models of stream temperatures to explore the drivers of didymo abundance in Glacier National Park. We estimate that approximately 64% of the stream length in the park contains didymo, with around 5% in a bloom state. Results suggest that didymo abundance likely increased over the study period (2007-2009), with blooms becoming more common. Our models suggest that didymo abundance is positively related to summer stream temperatures and negatively related to total nitrogen and the distance downstream from lakes. Regional climate model simulations indicate that stream temperatures in the park will likely continue to increase over the coming decades, which may increase the extent and severity of didymo blooms. As a result, didymo may be a useful indicator of thermal and hydrological modification associated with climate warming, especially in a relatively pristine system like Glacier where proximate human-related disturbances are absent or reduced. Glacier National Park plays an important role as a sentinel for climate change and associated education across the Rocky Mountain region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Park Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07359462","usgsCitation":"William, S.E., Ashton, I., Muhlfeld, C., Jones, L., and Bahls, L., 2011, The distribution and abundance of a nuisance native alga, Didymosphen Didymosphenia geminata, in streams of Glacier National Park: Climate drivers and management implications: Park Science, v. 28, no. 2.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baacae4b08c986b3229f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"William, Schweiger E.","contributorId":60463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"William","given":"Schweiger","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashton, I.W.","contributorId":101900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashton","given":"I.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muhlfeld, C.C.","contributorId":97850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, L.A.","contributorId":38794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bahls, L.L.","contributorId":36208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahls","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032324,"text":"70032324 - 2011 - Pore morphology effect in microlog for porosity prediction in a mature field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032324","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Pore morphology effect in microlog for porosity prediction in a mature field","docAbstract":"In an matured field, developed during the 1950s, no porosity logs were available from sources other than invaded zone resistivity Rxo . The microresistivity porosity is calibrated with the core porosity to yield an accurate estimate of the porosity. However, the procedure of calibrating the porosity with Rxo for a linear regression model may not be predictive without an understanding of the pore types in the reservoir interval. A thorough investigation of the pore types, based on the lithofacies description obtained from the core analysis, and its role in obtaining a good estimate of porosity is demonstrated in the Ogallah field. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to separate the porosity-microlog data into pore-type based zones with characteristic cementation exponents (m) in this multi-petrotype reservoir with a complex mixture of Arbuckle dolomite and sandstone rock. The value of m is critical in making estimates of water saturation. \"Rule of thumb\" values of cementation might lead to errors in water saturation on either the optimistic or the pessimistic side. The rock types in the Ogallah contain interparticle/intercrystalline, vugs and fractures distributed through the rock-facies, which influence the values of cementation factor. We use the modern typed well to shed light on the Archie's equation parameter values. Rock fabric numbers and flow zone indices have been identified for classification of dolomite and sandstone, respectively. The analysis brings out characteristic cementation factors for distinct pore types in the Arbuckle rock. The porosity predictions The analysis results also compliment the petrofacies delineation using LDA in this complicated rock layout as a quality control of the statistical application. The comparison between the predicted and core porosities shows a significant improvement over using a single m value for carbonates and sandstones which will lead to improved description of a matured field. Copyright 2011, Society of Petroleum Engineers.","largerWorkTitle":"SPE Eastern Regional Meeting","conferenceTitle":"Society of Petroleum Engineers Eastern Regional Meeting 2011","conferenceDate":"17 August 2011 through 19 August 2011","conferenceLocation":"Columbus, OH","language":"English","isbn":"9781618390936","usgsCitation":"Teh, W., Willhite, G., Doveton, J., and Tsau, J., 2011, Pore morphology effect in microlog for porosity prediction in a mature field, in SPE Eastern Regional Meeting, Columbus, OH, 17 August 2011 through 19 August 2011, p. 477-488.","startPage":"477","endPage":"488","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7dcae4b0c8380cd7a169","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teh, W.J.","contributorId":32002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teh","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willhite, G.P.","contributorId":78511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willhite","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doveton, J.H.","contributorId":30237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doveton","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tsau, J.S.","contributorId":13053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsau","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032323,"text":"70032323 - 2011 - InSAR observations of aseismic slip associated with an earthquake swarm in the Columbia River flood basalts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032323","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"InSAR observations of aseismic slip associated with an earthquake swarm in the Columbia River flood basalts","docAbstract":"In 2009 a swarm of small shallow earthquakes occurred within the basalt flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG). The swarm occurred within a dense seismic network in the U.S. Department of Energys Hanford Site. Data from the seismic network along with interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the European Space Agencys (ESA) ENVISAT satellite provide insight into the nature of the swarm. By modeling the InSAR deformation data we constructed a model that consists of a shallow thrust fault and a near horizontal fault. We suggest that the near horizontal lying fault is a bedding-plane fault located between basalt flows. The geodetic moment of the modeled fault system is about eight times the cumulative seismic moment of the swarm. Precise location estimates of the swarm earthquakes indicate that the area of highest slip on the thrust fault, ???70mm of slip less than ???0.5km depth, was not located within the swarm cluster. Most of the slip on the faults appears to have progressed aseismically and we suggest that interbed sediments play a central role in the slip process. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008433","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wicks, C., Thelen, W., Weaver, C., Gomberg, J., Rohay, A., and Bodin, P., 2011, InSAR observations of aseismic slip associated with an earthquake swarm in the Columbia River flood basalts: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008433.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475428,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008433","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214861,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008433"},{"id":242616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39cfe4b0c8380cd61a53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wicks, Charles 0000-0002-0809-1328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":9023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thelen, W.","contributorId":15026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelen","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, C.","contributorId":60033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rohay, A.","contributorId":77755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohay","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bodin, P.","contributorId":29554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032322,"text":"70032322 - 2011 - Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T22:28:20","indexId":"70032322","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay","docAbstract":"This paper describes the importance of wave-current interaction in an inlet-estuary system. The three-dimensional, fully coupled, Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system was applied in Willapa Bay (Washington State) from 22 to 29 October 1998 that included a large storm event. To represent the interaction between waves and currents, the vortex-force method was used. Model results were compared with water elevations, currents, and wave measurements obtained by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. In general, a good agreement between field data and computed results was achieved, although some discrepancies were also observed in regard to wave peak directions in the most upstream station. Several numerical experiments that considered different forcing terms were run in order to identify the effects of each wind, tide, and wave-current interaction process. Comparison of the horizontal momentum balances results identified that wave-breaking-induced acceleration is one of the leading terms in the inlet area. The enhancement of the apparent bed roughness caused by waves also affected the values and distribution of the bottom shear stress. The pressure gradient showed significant changes with respect to the pure tidal case. During storm conditions the momentum balance in the inlet shares the characteristics of tidal-dominated and wave-dominated surf zone environments. The changes in the momentum balance caused by waves were manifested both in water level and current variations. The most relevant effect on hydrodynamics was a wave-induced setup in the inner part of the estuary.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2011JC007387","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Olabarrieta, M., Warner, J., and Kumar, N., 2011, Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 116, no. C12, Article C12014; 27 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007387.","productDescription":"Article C12014; 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475277,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4991","text":"External Repository"},{"id":242583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Willapa Bay","volume":"116","issue":"C12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf98e4b08c986b32e9c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olabarrieta, Maitane 0000-0002-7619-7992 molabarrieta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7619-7992","contributorId":81631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olabarrieta","given":"Maitane","email":"molabarrieta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kumar, Nirnimesh","contributorId":190663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumar","given":"Nirnimesh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036376,"text":"70036376 - 2011 - Sedimentary response to orogenic exhumation in the northern Rocky Mountain Basin and Range province, Flint Creek basin, west-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T14:31:52.912121","indexId":"70036376","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary response to orogenic exhumation in the northern Rocky Mountain Basin and Range province, Flint Creek basin, west-central Montana","docAbstract":"Middle Eocene through Upper Miocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Flint Creek basin in western Montana accumulated during a period of significant paleoclimatic change and extension across the northern Rocky Mountain Basin and Range province. Gravity modelling, borehole data, and geologic mapping from the Flint Creek basin indicate that subsidence was focused along an extensionally reactivated Sevier thrust fault, which accommodated up to 800 m of basin fill while relaying stress between the dextral transtensional Lewis and Clark lineament to the north and the Anaconda core complex to the south. Northwesterly paleocurrent indicators, foliated metamorphic lithics, 64 Ma (40Ar/39Ar) muscovite grains, and 76 Ma (U-Pb) zircons in a ca. 27 Ma arkosic sandstone are consistent with Oligocene exhumation and erosion of the Anaconda core complex. The core complex and volcanic and magmatic rocks in its hangingwall created an important drainage divide during the Paleogene shedding detritus to the NNW and ESE. Following a major period of Early Miocene tectonism and erosion, regional drainage networks were reorganized such that paleoflow in the Flint Creek basin flowed east into an internally drained saline lake system. Renewed tectonism during Middle to Late Miocene time reestablished a west-directed drainage that is recorded by fluvial strata within a Late Miocene paleovalley. These tectonic reorganizations and associated drainage divide explain observed discrepancies in provenance studies across the province. Regional correlation of unconformities and lithofacies mapping in the Flint Creek basin suggest that localized tectonism and relative base level fluctuations controlled lithostratigraphic architecture.","language":"English, French","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e10-107","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Portner, R., Hendrix, M., Stalker, J., Miggins, D.P., and Sheriff, S., 2011, Sedimentary response to orogenic exhumation in the northern Rocky Mountain Basin and Range province, Flint Creek basin, west-central Montana: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 48, no. 7, p. 1131-1153, https://doi.org/10.1139/e10-107.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1131","endPage":"1153","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a38e4b08c986b3170bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Portner, R.A.","contributorId":41685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Portner","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendrix, M.S.","contributorId":6300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendrix","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stalker, J.C.","contributorId":90143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stalker","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miggins, D. P.","contributorId":32367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miggins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sheriff, S.D.","contributorId":101001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheriff","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70004004,"text":"70004004 - 2011 - Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T19:44:08.913963","indexId":"70004004","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data","docAbstract":"Nightlight surveys are commonly used to evaluate status and trends of crocodilian populations, but imperfect detection caused by survey- and location-specific factors makes it difficult to draw population inferences accurately from uncorrected data. We used a two-stage hierarchical model comprising population abundance and detection probability to examine recent abundance trends of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in subareas of Everglades wetlands in Florida using nightlight survey data. During 2001–2008, there were declining trends in abundance of small and/or medium sized animals in a majority of subareas, whereas abundance of large sized animals had either demonstrated an increased or unclear trend. For small and large sized class animals, estimated detection probability declined as water depth increased. Detection probability of small animals was much lower than for larger size classes. The declining trend of smaller alligators may reflect a natural population response to the fluctuating environment of Everglades wetlands under modified hydrology. It may have negative implications for the future of alligator populations in this region, particularly if habitat conditions do not favor recruitment of offspring in the near term. Our study provides a foundation to improve inferences made from nightlight surveys of other crocodilian populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s13157-010-0120-0","usgsCitation":"Fujisaki, I., Mazzotti, F., Dorazio, R.M., Rice, K.G., Cherkiss, M., and Jeffery, B., 2011, Estimating trends in alligator populations from nightlight survey data: Wetlands, v. 31, no. 1, p. 147-155, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0120-0.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"155","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":256864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 25.110471486223346\n ],\n [\n -80.2716064453125,\n 25.110471486223346\n ],\n [\n -80.2716064453125,\n 26.559049984075532\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 26.559049984075532\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 25.110471486223346\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b6ae4b0c8380cd526f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":31108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":350107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":100018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":350110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":1668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, Kenneth G. 0000-0001-8282-1088 krice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-1088","contributorId":117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Kenneth","email":"krice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cherkiss, Michael 0000-0002-7802-6791","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6791","contributorId":78068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkiss","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jeffery, Brian","contributorId":55672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffery","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035060,"text":"70035060 - 2011 - Diurnal trends in methylmercury concentration in a wetland adjacent to Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T10:49:18","indexId":"70035060","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diurnal trends in methylmercury concentration in a wetland adjacent to Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"A 24-h field experiment was conducted during July 2008 at a wetland on the eastern shore of Great Salt Lake (GSL) to assess the diurnal cycling of methylmercury (MeHg). Dissolved (< 0.45 μm) MeHg showed a strong diurnal variation with consistently decreasing concentrations during daylight periods and increasing concentrations during non-daylight periods. The proportion of MeHg relative to total Hg in the water column consistently decreased with increasing sunlight duration, indicative of photodegradation. During the field experiment, measured MeHg photodegradation rates ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 ng L− 1 h− 1. Convective overturn of the water column driven by nighttime cooling of the water surface was hypothesized as the likely mechanism to replace the MeHg in the water column lost via photodegradation processes. A hydrodynamic model of the wetland successfully simulated convective overturn of the water column during the field experiment. Study results indicate that daytime monitoring of selected wetlands surrounding GSL may significantly underestimate the MeHg content in the water column. Wetland managers should consider practices that maximize the photodegradation of MeHg during daylight periods.
Most of eastern North America receives elevated levels of atmospheric deposition of sulfur (S) that result from anthropogenic SO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Atmospheric S deposition has acidified sensitive terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in this region; however, deposition has been declining since the 1970s, resulting in some recovery in previously acidified aquatic ecosystems. Accurate watershed S mass balances help to evaluate the extent to which atmospheric S deposition is retained within ecosystems, and whether internal cycling sources and biogeochemical processes may be affecting the rate of recovery from decreasing S atmospheric loads. This study evaluated S mass balances for 15 sites with watersheds in southeastern Canada and northeastern US for the period 1985 to 2002. These 15 sites included nine in Canada (Turkey Lakes, ON; Harp Lake, ON; Plastic Lake, ON; Hermine, QC; Lake Laflamme, QC; Lake Clair, QC; Lake Tirasse, QC; Mersey, NS; Moosepit, NS) and six in the US (Arbutus Lake, NY; Biscuit Brook, NY; Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH; Cone Pond, NH; Bear Brook Watershed, ME). Annual S wet deposition inputs were derived from measured bulk or wet-only deposition and stream export was obtained by combining drainage water fluxes with SO4 2− concentrations. Dry deposition has the greatest uncertainty of any of the mass flux calculations necessary to develop accurate watershed balances, and here we developed a new method to calculate this quantity. We utilized historical information from both the US National Emissions Inventory and the US (CASTNET) and the Canadian (CAPMoN) dry deposition networks to develop a formulation that predicted SO2 concentrations as a function of SO2 emissions, latitude and longitude. The SO2 concentrations were used to predict dry deposition using relationships between concentrations and deposition flux derived from the CASTNET or CAPMoN networks. For the year 2002, we compared the SO2 concentrations and deposition predictions with the predictions of two continental-scale air quality models, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and A Unified Regional Air-quality Modeling System (AURAMS) that utilize complete inventories of emissions and chemical budgets. The results of this comparison indicated that the predictive relationship provides an accurate representation of SO2 concentrations and S deposition for the region that is generally consistent with these models, and thus provides confidence that our approach could be used to develop accurate watershed S budgets for these 15 sites. Most watersheds showed large net losses of SO4 2− on an annual basis, and the watershed mass balances were grouped into five categories based on the relative value of mean annual net losses or net gains. The net annual fluxes of SO4 2− showed a strong relationship with hydrology; the largest net annual negative fluxes were associated with years of greatest precipitation amount and highest discharge. The important role of catchment hydrology on S budgets suggests implications for future predicted climate change as it affects patterns of precipitation and drought. The sensitivity of S budgets is likely to be greatest in watersheds with the greatest wetland area, which are particularly sensitive to drying and wetting cycles. A small number of the watersheds in this analysis were shown to have substantial S sources from mineral weathering, but most showed evidence of an internal source of SO4 2−, which is likely from the mineralization of organic S stored from decades of increased S deposition. Mobilization of this internal S appears to contribute about 1–6 kg S ha−1 year−1 to stream fluxes at these sites and is affecting the rate and extent of recovery from acidification as S deposition rates have declined in recent years. This internal S source should be considered when developing critical deposition loads that will promote ecosystem recovery from acidification and the depletion of nutrient cations in the northeastern US and southeastern Canada.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10533-010-9455-0","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, M.J., Lovett, G., Bailey, S., Beall, F., Burns, D., Buso, D., Clair, T.A., Courchesne, F., Duchesne, L., Eimers, C., Fernandez, I., Houle, D., Jeffries, D.S., Likens, G.E., Moran, M.D., Rogers, C., Schwede, D., Shanley, J., Weathers, K.C., and Vet, R., 2011, Comparisons of watershed sulfur budgets in southeast Canada and northeast US: New approaches and implications: Biogeochemistry, v. 103, no. 1-3, p. 181-207, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9455-0.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"207","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, New 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Jamie","contributorId":72922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"Jamie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Weathers, Kathleen C.","contributorId":58731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weathers","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Vet, Robert","contributorId":34643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vet","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70004382,"text":"70004382 - 2011 - Introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-11T18:09:58.096845","indexId":"70004382","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Introduction","docAbstract":"Ecotoxicology is the study of the movement of environmental contaminants through ecosystems and their effects on plants and animals. Examining tissue residues of these contaminants in biota is basic to ecotoxicology, both for understanding the movement of contaminants within organisms and through food chains, and for understanding and quantifying injuries to organisms and their communities. This book provides guidance on interpreting tissue concentrations of environmental contaminants.
Tissue concentrations have long been used both to identify the cause of toxicity in animals and as a measure of the severity of toxicity. More recently, they have been incorporated into environmental models, tying together exposure, kinetics, and toxic effects. Measuring tissue concentrations is basic to studies on the kinetics of contaminants, which entails characterizing the rates of uptake and elimination in organisms, as well as redistribution (organs, lipid, and plasma) within them. Tissue concentrations are also used in ecological studies examining the movement of contaminants between organisms and within biological communities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental contaminants in biota: Interpreting tissue concentrations, Second Edition","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1201/b10598-1","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W.N., and Meador, J., 2011, Introduction, chap. of Environmental contaminants in biota: Interpreting tissue concentrations, Second Edition, p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1201/b10598-1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","ipdsId":"IP-020126","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1201/b10598-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342737,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2nd Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594b85b4e4b062508e382b85","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. Nelson 0000-0002-8911-9141 nbeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":3301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W.","email":"nbeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Nelson","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825006,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meador, James P.","contributorId":174075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meador","given":"James P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698991,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. Nelson 0000-0002-8911-9141 nbeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":3301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W.","email":"nbeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Nelson","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meador, James P.","contributorId":174075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meador","given":"James P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004642,"text":"70004642 - 2011 - Factors associated with extirpation of sage-grouse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T14:22:38.629943","indexId":"70004642","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"18","title":"Factors associated with extirpation of sage-grouse","docAbstract":"Geographic ranges of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and Gunnison Sage-Grouse (C. minimus) have contracted across large areas in response to habitat loss and detrimental land uses. However, quantitative analyses of the environmental factors most closely associated with range contraction have been lacking, results of which could be highly relevant to conservation planning. Consequently, we analyzed differences in 22 environmental variables between areas of former range (extirpated range), and areas still occupied by the two species (occupied range). Fifteen of the 22 variables, representing a broad spectrum of biotic, abiotic, and anthropogenic conditions, had mean values that were significantly different between extirpated and occupied ranges. Best discrimination between extirpated and occupied ranges, using discriminant function analysis (DFA), was provided by five of these variables: sagebrush area (Artemisia spp.); elevation; distance to transmission lines; distance to cellular towers; and land ownership. A DFA model containing these five variables correctly classified 80% of sage-grouse historical locations to extirpated and occupied ranges. We used this model to estimate the similarity between areas of occupied range with areas where extirpation has occurred. Areas currently occupied by sage-grouse, but with high similarity to extirpated range, may not support persistent populations. Model estimates showed that areas of highest similarity were concentrated in the smallest, disjunct portions of occupied range and along range peripheries. Large areas in the eastern portion of occupied range also had high similarity with extirpated range. By contrast, areas of lowest similarity with extirpated range were concentrated in the largest, most contiguous portions of occupied range that dominate Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, and western Wyoming. Our results have direct relevance to conservation planning. We describe how results can be used to identify strongholds and spatial priorities for effective landscape management of sage-grouse.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Greater Sage-Grouse: Ecology and conservation of a landscape species and Its habitats","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","usgsCitation":"Wisdom, M.J., Meinke, C.W., Knick, S.T., and Schroeder, M.A., 2011, Factors associated with extirpation of sage-grouse, chap. 18 of Greater Sage-Grouse: Ecology and conservation of a landscape species and Its habitats, p. 451-474.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"474","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":24568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520267114","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f86aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wisdom, Michael J.","contributorId":63934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wisdom","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meinke, Cara W.","contributorId":85708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinke","given":"Cara","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schroeder, Michael A.","contributorId":26053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032545,"text":"70032545 - 2011 - Vegetation index-based crop coefficients to estimate evapotranspiration by remote sensing in agricultural and natural ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-02T15:45:38","indexId":"70032545","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation index-based crop coefficients to estimate evapotranspiration by remote sensing in agricultural and natural ecosystems","docAbstract":"Crop coefficients were developed to determine crop water needs based on the evapotranspiration (ET) of a reference crop under a given set of meteorological conditions. Starting in the 1980s, crop coefficients developed through lysimeter studies or set by expert opinion began to be supplemented by remotely sensed vegetation indices (VI) that measured the actual status of the crop on a field-by-field basis. VIs measure the density of green foliage based on the reflectance of visible and near infrared (NIR) light from the canopy, and are highly correlated with plant physiological processes that depend on light absorption by a canopy such as ET and photosynthesis. Reflectance-based crop coefficients have now been developed for numerous individual crops, including corn, wheat, alfalfa, cotton, potato, sugar beet, vegetables, grapes and orchard crops. Other research has shown that VIs can be used to predict ET over fields of mixed crops, allowing them to be used to monitor ET over entire irrigation districts. VI-based crop coefficients can help reduce agricultural water use by matching irrigation rates to the actual water needs of a crop as it grows instead of to a modeled crop growing under optimal conditions. Recently, the concept has been applied to natural ecosystems at the local, regional and continental scales of measurement, using time-series satellite data from the MODIS sensors on the Terra satellite. VIs or other visible-NIR band algorithms are combined with meteorological data to predict ET in numerous biome types, from deserts, to arctic tundra, to tropical rainforests. These methods often closely match ET measured on the ground at the global FluxNet array of eddy covariance moisture and carbon flux towers. The primary advantage of VI methods for estimating ET is that transpiration is closely related to radiation absorbed by the plant canopy, which is closely related to VIs. The primary disadvantage is that they cannot capture stress effects or soil evaporation. Copyright ?? 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8392","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E.P., Neale, C.M., Hunsaker, D., and Nagler, P., 2011, Vegetation index-based crop coefficients to estimate evapotranspiration by remote sensing in agricultural and natural ecosystems: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 26, p. 4050-4062, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8392.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4050","endPage":"4062","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213665,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8392"},{"id":241314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1d8e4b08c986b32a7bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neale, C. M. U.","contributorId":26523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neale","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. U.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":436747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunsaker, D.J.","contributorId":51549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunsaker","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035955,"text":"70035955 - 2011 - CyberShake: A Physics-Based Seismic Hazard Model for Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T19:51:24.07227","indexId":"70035955","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CyberShake: A Physics-Based Seismic Hazard Model for Southern California","docAbstract":"CyberShake, as part of the Southern California Earthquake Center’s (SCEC) Community Modeling Environment, is developing a methodology that explicitly incorporates deterministic source and wave propagation effects within seismic hazard calculations through the use of physics-based 3D ground motion simulations. To calculate a waveform-based seismic hazard estimate for a site of interest, we begin with Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 2.0 (UCERF2.0) and identify all ruptures within 200 km of the site of interest. We convert the UCERF2.0 rupture definition into multiple rupture variations with differing hypocenter locations and slip distributions, resulting in about 415,000 rupture variations per site. Strain Green Tensors are calculated for the site of interest using the SCEC Community Velocity Model, Version 4 (CVM4), and then, using reciprocity, we calculate synthetic seismograms for each rupture variation. Peak intensity measures are then extracted from these synthetics and combined with the original rupture probabilities to produce probabilistic seismic hazard curves for the site. Being explicitly site-based, CyberShake directly samples the ground motion variability at that site over many earthquake cycles (i.e., rupture scenarios) and alleviates the need for the ergodic assumption that is implicitly included in traditional empirically based calculations. Thus far, we have simulated ruptures at over 200 sites in the Los Angeles region for ground shaking periods of 2 s and longer, providing the basis for the first generation CyberShake hazard maps. Our results indicate that the combination of rupture directivity and basin response effects can lead to an increase in the hazard level for some sites, relative to that given by a conventional Ground Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE). Additionally, and perhaps more importantly, we find that the physics-based hazard results are much more sensitive to the assumed magnitude-area relations and magnitude uncertainty estimates used in the definition of the ruptures than is found in the traditional GMPE approach. This reinforces the need for continued development of a better understanding of earthquake source characterization and the constitutive relations that govern the earthquake rupture process.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00024-010-0161-6","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Graves, R., Jordan, T., Callaghan, S., Deelman, E., Field, E.H., Juve, G., Kesselman, C., Maechling, P., Mehta, G., Milner, K., Okaya, D., Small, P., and Vahi, K., 2011, CyberShake: A Physics-Based Seismic Hazard Model for Southern California: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 168, no. 3-4, p. 367-381, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0161-6.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"381","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216361,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0161-6"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.2950439453125,\n 33.25246979589199\n ],\n [\n -117.3175048828125,\n 33.25246979589199\n ],\n [\n -117.3175048828125,\n 34.728069689872285\n ],\n [\n -119.2950439453125,\n 34.728069689872285\n ],\n [\n -119.2950439453125,\n 33.25246979589199\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"168","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd21e4b0c8380cd4e649","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graves, R.","contributorId":86910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordan, T.H.","contributorId":83320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"T.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Callaghan, S.","contributorId":64870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callaghan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deelman, E.","contributorId":15390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deelman","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Juve, G.","contributorId":49993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juve","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kesselman, C.","contributorId":40786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kesselman","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Maechling, P.","contributorId":102666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maechling","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mehta, G.","contributorId":44340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehta","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Milner, K.","contributorId":87392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milner","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Okaya, D.","contributorId":45874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Small, P.","contributorId":85792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Small","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Vahi, K.","contributorId":94838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vahi","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70035456,"text":"70035456 - 2011 - Estimating aboveground forest biomass carbon and fire consumption in the U.S. Utah High Plateaus using data from the Forest Inventory and Analysis program, Landsat, and LANDFIRE","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T11:45:44","indexId":"70035456","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating aboveground forest biomass carbon and fire consumption in the U.S. Utah High Plateaus using data from the Forest Inventory and Analysis program, Landsat, and LANDFIRE","docAbstract":"The concentrations of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been increasing and greatly affecting global climate and socio-economic systems. Actively growing forests are generally considered to be a major carbon sink, but forest wildfires lead to large releases of biomass carbon into the atmosphere. Aboveground forest biomass carbon (AFBC), an important ecological indicator, and fire-induced carbon emissions at regional scales are highly relevant to forest sustainable management and climate change. It is challenging to accurately estimate the spatial distribution of AFBC across large areas because of the spatial heterogeneity of forest cover types and canopy structure. In this study, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data, Landsat, and Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools Project (LANDFIRE) data were integrated in a regression tree model for estimating AFBC at a 30-m resolution in the Utah High Plateaus. AFBC were calculated from 225 FIA field plots and used as the dependent variable in the model. Of these plots, 10% were held out for model evaluation with stratified random sampling, and the other 90% were used as training data to develop the regression tree model. Independent variable layers included Landsat imagery and the derived spectral indicators, digital elevation model (DEM) data and derivatives, biophysical gradient data, existing vegetation cover type and vegetation structure. The cross-validation correlation coefficient (r value) was 0.81 for the training model. Independent validation using withheld plot data was similar with r value of 0.82. This validated regression tree model was applied to map AFBC in the Utah High Plateaus and then combined with burn severity information to estimate loss of AFBC in the Longston fire of Zion National Park in 2001. The final dataset represented 24 forest cover types for a 4 million ha forested area. We estimated a total of 353 Tg AFBC with an average of 87 MgC/ha in the Utah High Plateaus. We also estimated that 8054 Mg AFBC were released from 2.24 km2 burned forest area in the Longston fire. These results demonstrate that an AFBC spatial map and estimated biomass carbon consumption can readily be generated using existing database. The methodology provides a consistent, practical, and inexpensive way for estimating AFBC at 30-m resolution over large areas throughout the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.03.013","issn":"1470160X","usgsCitation":"Chen, X., Liu, S., Zhu, Z., Vogelmann, J., Li, Z., and Ohlen, D.O., 2011, Estimating aboveground forest biomass carbon and fire consumption in the U.S. Utah High Plateaus using data from the Forest Inventory and Analysis program, Landsat, and LANDFIRE: Ecological Indicators, v. 11, no. 1, p. 140-148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.03.013.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215530,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.03.013"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b07e4b0c8380cd5251c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Xuexia","contributorId":140368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Xuexia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":450748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":450747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Zhen","contributorId":200957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Zhen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ohlen, Donald O. ohlen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlen","given":"Donald","email":"ohlen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":450749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033997,"text":"70033997 - 2011 - Understanding interaction effects of climate change and fire management on bird distributions through combined process and habitat models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T14:30:04.625608","indexId":"70033997","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding interaction effects of climate change and fire management on bird distributions through combined process and habitat models","docAbstract":"Avian conservation efforts must account for changes in vegetation composition and structure associated with climate change. We modeled vegetation change and the probability of occurrence of birds to project changes in winter bird distributions associated with climate change and fire management in the northern Chihuahuan Desert (southwestern U.S.A.). We simulated vegetation change in a process-based model (Landscape and Fire Simulator) in which anticipated climate change was associated with doubling of current atmospheric carbon dioxide over the next 50 years. We estimated the relative probability of bird occurrence on the basis of statistical models derived from field observations of birds and data on vegetation type, topography, and roads. We selected 3 focal species, Scaled Quail (Callipepla squamata), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), and Rock Wren (Salpinctes obsoletus), that had a range of probabilities of occurrence for our study area. Our simulations projected increases in relative probability of bird occurrence in shrubland and decreases in grassland and Yucca spp. and ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens) vegetation. Generally, the relative probability of occurrence of all 3 species was highest in shrubland because leaf-area index values were lower in shrubland. This high probability of occurrence likely is related to the species' use of open vegetation for foraging. Fire suppression had little effect on projected vegetation composition because as climate changed there was less fuel and burned area. Our results show that if future water limits on plant type are considered, models that incorporate spatial data may suggest how and where different species of birds may respond to vegetation changes.
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