{"pageNumber":"781","pageRowStart":"19500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46706,"records":[{"id":70035004,"text":"70035004 - 2009 - Acoustic estimates of abundance and distribution of spawning lake trout on Sheboygan Reef in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-19T14:15:36","indexId":"70035004","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic estimates of abundance and distribution of spawning lake trout on Sheboygan Reef in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Efforts to restore self-sustaining lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes have had widespread success in Lake Superior; but in other Great Lakes, populations of lake trout are maintained by stocking. Recruitment bottlenecks may be present at a number of stages of the reproduction process. To study eggs and fry, it is necessary to identify spawning locations, which is difficult in deep water. Acoustic sampling can be used to rapidly locate aggregations of fish (like spawning lake trout), describe their distribution, and estimate their abundance. To assess these capabilities for application to lake trout, we conducted an acoustic survey covering 22 km<sup>2</sup> at Sheboygan Reef, a deep reef (&lt;40 m summit) in southern Lake Michigan during fall 2005. Data collected with remotely operated vehicles (ROV) confirmed that fish were large lake trout, that lake trout were 1&ndash;2 m above bottom, and that spawning took place over specific habitat. Lake trout density exhibited a high degree of spatial structure (autocorrelation) up to a range of ~190 m, and highest lake trout and egg densities occurred over rough substrates (rubble and cobble) at the shallowest depths sampled (36&ndash;42 m). Mean lake trout density in the area surveyed (~2190 ha) was 5.8 fish/ha and the area surveyed contained an estimated 9500&ndash;16,000 large lake trout. Spatial aggregation in lake trout densities, similarity of depths and substrates at which high lake trout and egg densities occurred, and relatively low uncertainty in the lake trout density estimate indicate that acoustic sampling can be a useful complement to other sampling tools used in lake trout restoration research.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.005","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Warner, D., Claramunt, R., Janssen, J., Jude, D., and Wattrus, N., 2009, Acoustic estimates of abundance and distribution of spawning lake trout on Sheboygan Reef in Lake Michigan: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 147-153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.005.","startPage":"147","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215203,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.005"},{"id":242988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e69de4b0c8380cd47529","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, D.M.","contributorId":40412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claramunt, R.M.","contributorId":38760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claramunt","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janssen, J.","contributorId":97303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jude, D.J.","contributorId":13016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jude","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wattrus, N.","contributorId":39567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wattrus","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035010,"text":"70035010 - 2009 - How does landscape structure influence catchment transit time across different geomorphic provinces?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035010","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How does landscape structure influence catchment transit time across different geomorphic provinces?","docAbstract":"Despite an increasing number of empirical investigations of catchment transit times (TTs), virtually all are based on individual catchments and there are few attempts to synthesize understanding across different geographical regions. Uniquely, this paper examines data from 55 catchments in five geomorphic provinces in northern temperate regions (Scotland, United States of America and Sweden). The objective is to understand how the role of catchment topography as a control on the TTs differs in contrasting geographical settings. Catchment inverse transit time proxies (ITTPs) were inferred by a simple metric of isotopic tracer damping, using the ratio of standard deviation of ??<sup>18</sup>O in streamwater to the standard deviation of ??<sup>18</sup>O in precipitation. Quantitative landscape analysis was undertaken to characterize the catchments according to hydrologically relevant topographic indices that could be readily determined from a digital terrain model (DTM). The nature of topographic controls on transit times varied markedly in different geomorphic regions. In steeper montane regions, there are stronger gravitational influences on hydraulic gradients and TTs tend to be lower in the steepest catchments. In provinces where terrain is more subdued, direct topographic control weakened; in particular, where flatter areas with less permeable soils give rise to overland flow and lower TTs. The steeper slopes within this flatter terrain appear to have a greater coverage of freely draining soils, which increase sub-surface flow, therefore increasing TTs. Quantitative landscape analysis proved a useful tool for intercatchment comparison. However, the critical influence of sub-surface permeability and connectivity may limit the transferability of predictive tools of hydrological function based on topographic parameters alone. Copyright ?? 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7240","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Tetzlaff, D., Seibert, J., McGuire, K., Laudon, H., Burns, D.A., Dunn, S., and Soulsby, C., 2009, How does landscape structure influence catchment transit time across different geomorphic provinces?: Hydrological Processes, v. 23, no. 6, p. 945-953, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7240.","startPage":"945","endPage":"953","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215291,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7240"},{"id":243085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3249e4b0c8380cd5e6a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tetzlaff, D.","contributorId":106622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tetzlaff","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seibert, J.","contributorId":37513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seibert","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, K.J.","contributorId":88943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laudon, H.","contributorId":82444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laudon","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dunn, S.M.","contributorId":93177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Soulsby, C.","contributorId":40713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulsby","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035018,"text":"70035018 - 2009 - Ultraviolet absorbance as a proxy for total dissolved mercury in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T08:54:20","indexId":"70035018","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultraviolet absorbance as a proxy for total dissolved mercury in streams","docAbstract":"<p>Stream water samples were collected over a range of hydrologic and seasonal conditions at three forested watersheds in the northeastern USA. Samples were analyzed for dissolved total mercury (THg<sub>d</sub>), DOC concentration and DOC composition, and UV<sub>254</sub> absorbance across the three sites over different seasons and flow conditions. Pooling data from all sites, we found a strong positive correlation of THg<sub>d</sub> to DOC (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.87), but progressively stronger correlations of THg<sub>d</sub> with the hydrophobic acid fraction (HPOA) of DOC (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.91) and with UV<sub>254</sub> absorbance (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.92). The strength of the UV<sub>254</sub> absorbance-THg<sub>d</sub> relationship suggests that optical properties associated with dissolved organic matter may be excellent proxies for THg<sub>d</sub> concentration in these streams. Ease of sample collection and analysis, the potential application of in-situ optical sensors, and the possibility for intensive monitoring over the hydrograph make this an effective, inexpensive approach to estimate THg<sub>d</sub> flux in drainage waters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.031","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Dittman, J., Shanley, J.B., Driscoll, C.T., Aiken, G., Chalmers, A., and Towse, J., 2009, Ultraviolet absorbance as a proxy for total dissolved mercury in streams: Environmental Pollution, v. 157, no. 6, p. 1953-1956, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.031.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1953","endPage":"1956","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215443,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.031"}],"volume":"157","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc0be4b08c986b3289c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dittman, J.A.","contributorId":67745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dittman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chalmers, A.T. 0000-0002-5199-8080","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5199-8080","contributorId":63576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Towse, J.E.","contributorId":46788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Towse","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035033,"text":"70035033 - 2009 - Late Pleistocene eolian features in southeastern Maryland and Chesapeake Bay region indicate strong WNW-NW winds accompanied growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035033","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene eolian features in southeastern Maryland and Chesapeake Bay region indicate strong WNW-NW winds accompanied growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet","docAbstract":"Inactive parabolic dunes are present in southeastern Maryland, USA, along the east bank of the Potomac River. More elongate and finer-grained eolian deposits and paha-like ridges characterize the Potomac River-Patuxent River upland and the west side of Chesapeake Bay. These ridges are streamlined erosional features, veneered with eolian sediment and interspersed with dunes in the low-relief headwaters of Potomac- and Patuxent-river tributaries. Axis data for the dunes and ridges indicate formation by WNW-NW winds. Optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon age data suggest dune formation from ??? 33-15??ka, agreeing with the 30-13??ka ages Denny, C.S., Owens, J.P., Sirkin, L., Rubin, M., 1979. The Parsonburg Sand in the central Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland and Delaware. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 1067-B, 16??pp. suggested for eolian deposits east of Chesapeake Bay. Age range and paleowind direction(s) for eolian features in the Bay region approximate those for late Wisconsin loess in the North American midcontinent. Formation of midcontinent loess and Bay-region eolian features was coeval with rapid growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and strong cooling episodes (??<sup>18</sup>O minima) evident in Greenland ice cores. Age and paleowind-direction coincidence, for eolian features in the midcontinent and Bay region, indicates strong mid-latitude WNW-NW winds for several hundred kilometers south of the Laurentide glacial terminus that were oblique to previously simulated anticyclonic winds for the last glacial maximum.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2009.02.001","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Markewich, H.W., Litwin, R.J., Pavich, M., and Brook, G., 2009, Late Pleistocene eolian features in southeastern Maryland and Chesapeake Bay region indicate strong WNW-NW winds accompanied growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet: Quaternary Research, v. 71, no. 3, p. 409-425, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2009.02.001.","startPage":"409","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215173,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2009.02.001"},{"id":242955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4511e4b0c8380cd66ff1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markewich, H. W.","contributorId":31426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litwin, R. J.","contributorId":92284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litwin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brook, G.A.","contributorId":66503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brook","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035043,"text":"70035043 - 2009 - Regression models for explaining and predicting concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in fish from streams in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T15:53:47","indexId":"70035043","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regression models for explaining and predicting concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in fish from streams in the United States","docAbstract":"<p>Empirical regression models were developed for estimating concentrations of dieldrin, total chlordane, and total DDT in whole fish from U.S. streams. Models were based on pesticide concentrations measured in whole fish at 648 stream sites nationwide (1992-2001) as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program. Explanatory variables included fish lipid content, estimates (or surrogates) representing historical agricultural and urban sources, watershed characteristics, and geographic location. Models were developed using Tobit regression methods appropriate for data with censoring. Typically, the models explain approximately 50 to 70% of the variability in pesticide concentrations measured in whole fish. The models were used to predict pesticide concentrations in whole fish for streams nationwide using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's River Reach File 1 and to estimate the probability that whole-fish concentrations exceed benchmarks for protection of fish-eating wildlife. Predicted concentrations were highest for dieldrin in the Corn Belt, Texas, and scattered urban areas; for total chlordane in the Corn Belt, Texas, the Southeast, and urbanized Northeast; and for total DDT in the Southeast, Texas, California, and urban areas nationwide. The probability of exceeding wildlife benchmarks for dieldrin and chlordane was predicted to be low for most U.S. streams. The probability of exceeding wildlife benchmarks for total DDT is higher but varies depending on the fish taxon and on the benchmark used. Because the models in the present study are based on fish data collected during the 1990s and organochlorine pesticide residues in the environment continue to decline decades after their uses were discontinued, these models may overestimate present-day pesticide concentrations in fish. ?? 2009 SETAC.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/08-508.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Nowell, L.H., Crawford, C.G., Gilliom, R.J., Nakagaki, N., Stone, W.W., Thelin, G., and Wolock, D.M., 2009, Regression models for explaining and predicting concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in fish from streams in the United States: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1346-1358, https://doi.org/10.1897/08-508.1.","startPage":"1346","endPage":"1358","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215292,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/08-508.1"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5d1e4b0e8fec6cdc012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowell, Lisa H. 0000-0001-5417-7264 lhnowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-7264","contributorId":490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowell","given":"Lisa","email":"lhnowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nakagaki, Naomi 0000-0003-3653-0540 nakagaki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3653-0540","contributorId":1067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakagaki","given":"Naomi","email":"nakagaki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thelin, Gail gpthelin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelin","given":"Gail","email":"gpthelin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":449015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035048,"text":"70035048 - 2009 - Source analysis using regional empirical Green's functions: The 2008 Wells, Nevada, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-27T15:13:57","indexId":"70035048","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source analysis using regional empirical Green's functions: The 2008 Wells, Nevada, earthquake","docAbstract":"<p>We invert three-component, regional broadband waveforms recorded for the 21 February 2008 Wells, Nevada, earthquake using a finite-fault methodology that prescribes subfault responses using eight M<sub>W</sub>&sim;4 aftershocks as empirical Green's functions (EGFs) distributed within a 20-km by 21.6-km fault area. The inversion identifies a seismic moment of 6.2 x 10<sup>24</sup> dyne-cm (5.8 M<sub>W</sub>) with slip concentrated in a compact 6.5-km by 4-km region updip from the hypocenter. The peak slip within this localized area is 88 cm and the stress drop is 72 bars, which is higher than expected for Basin and Range normal faults in the western United States. The EGF approach yields excellent fits to the complex regional waveforms, accounting for strong variations in wave propagation and site effects. This suggests that the procedure is useful for studying moderate-size earthquakes with limited teleseismic or strong-motion data and for examining uncertainties in slip models obtained using theoretical Green's functions.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington","doi":"10.1029/2009GL038073","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Mendoza, C., and Hartzell, S., 2009, Source analysis using regional empirical Green's functions: The 2008 Wells, Nevada, earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 36, no. 11, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038073.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215356,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038073"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Wells","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.96574401855469,\n              41.138330326939034\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.98016357421875,\n              41.11557271185201\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.96917724609374,\n              41.0948771219984\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.94102478027342,\n              41.09073722135943\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.88746643066406,\n              41.1238491214713\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.84695434570311,\n              41.14867208811923\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.84901428222658,\n              41.185888923673645\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.85382080078125,\n              41.20603921623881\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.8902130126953,\n              41.211204958730455\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.92591857910155,\n              41.193123075718695\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.96025085449219,\n              41.16056309723075\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.96574401855469,\n              41.138330326939034\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9317e4b08c986b31a2b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendoza, C.","contributorId":82059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035064,"text":"70035064 - 2009 - V<sub>P</sub> Structure of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA, imaged with local earthquake tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035064","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"V<sub>P</sub> Structure of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA, imaged with local earthquake tomography","docAbstract":"We present a new P-wave velocity model for Mount St. Helens using local earthquake data recorded by the Pacific Northwest Seismograph Stations and Cascades Volcano Observatory since the 18 May 1980 eruption. These data were augmented with records from a dense array of 19 temporary stations deployed during the second half of 2005. Because the distribution of earthquakes in the study area is concentrated beneath the volcano and within two nearly linear trends, we used a graded inversion scheme to compute a coarse-grid model that focused on the regional structure, followed by a fine-grid inversion to improve spatial resolution directly beneath the volcanic edifice. The coarse-grid model results are largely consistent with earlier geophysical studies of the area; we find high-velocity anomalies NW and NE of the edifice that correspond with igneous intrusions and a prominent low-velocity zone NNW of the edifice that corresponds with the linear zone of high seismicity known as the St. Helens Seismic Zone. This low-velocity zone may continue past Mount St. Helens to the south at depths below 5??km. Directly beneath the edifice, the fine-grid model images a low-velocity zone between about 2 and 3.5??km below sea level that may correspond to a shallow magma storage zone. And although the model resolution is poor below about 6??km, we found low velocities that correspond with the aseismic zone between about 5.5 and 8??km that has previously been modeled as the location of a large magma storage volume. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.02.009","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Waite, G., and Moran, S., 2009, V<sub>P</sub> Structure of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA, imaged with local earthquake tomography: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 182, no. 1-2, p. 113-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.02.009.","startPage":"113","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215144,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.02.009"},{"id":242922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"182","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0e3e4b08c986b32a394","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, G.P.","contributorId":82121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, S.C. 0000-0001-7308-9649","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":78896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035065,"text":"70035065 - 2009 - CHRONOS architecture: Experiences with an open-source services-oriented architecture for geoinformatics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035065","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CHRONOS architecture: Experiences with an open-source services-oriented architecture for geoinformatics","docAbstract":"CHRONOS's purpose is to transform Earth history research by seamlessly integrating stratigraphic databases and tools into a virtual on-line stratigraphic record. In this paper, we describe the various components of CHRONOS's distributed data system, including the encoding of semantic and descriptive data into a service-based architecture. We give examples of how we have integrated well-tested resources available from the open-source and geoinformatic communities, like the GeoSciML schema and the simple knowledge organization system (SKOS), into the services-oriented architecture to encode timescale and phylogenetic synonymy data. We also describe on-going efforts to use geospatially enhanced data syndication and informally including semantic information by embedding it directly into the XHTML Document Object Model (DOM). XHTML DOM allows machine-discoverable descriptive data such as licensing and citation information to be incorporated directly into data sets retrieved by users. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.035","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Fils, D., Cervato, C., Reed, J., Diver, P., Tang, X., Bohling, G., and Greer, D., 2009, CHRONOS architecture: Experiences with an open-source services-oriented architecture for geoinformatics: Computers & Geosciences, v. 35, no. 4, p. 774-782, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.035.","startPage":"774","endPage":"782","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215145,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.035"},{"id":242923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2cfe4b0c8380cd4b3b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fils, D.","contributorId":91318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fils","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cervato, C.","contributorId":70201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervato","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, J.","contributorId":98966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reed","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diver, P.","contributorId":23779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diver","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tang, X.","contributorId":43082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bohling, G.","contributorId":60789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohling","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Greer, D.","contributorId":84997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greer","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035066,"text":"70035066 - 2009 - Evaluation of a moderate resolution, satellite-based impervious surface map using an independent, high-resolution validation data set","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035066","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a moderate resolution, satellite-based impervious surface map using an independent, high-resolution validation data set","docAbstract":"Given the relatively high cost of mapping impervious surfaces at regional scales, substantial effort is being expended in the development of moderate-resolution, satellite-based methods for estimating impervious surface area (ISA). To rigorously assess the accuracy of these data products high quality, independently derived validation data are needed. High-resolution data were collected across a gradient of development within the Mid-Atlantic region to assess the accuracy of National Land Cover Data (NLCD) Landsat-based ISA estimates. Absolute error (satellite predicted area - \"reference area\") and relative error [satellite (predicted area - \"reference area\")/ \"reference area\"] were calculated for each of 240 sample regions that are each more than 15 Landsat pixels on a side. The ability to compile and examine ancillary data in a geographic information system environment provided for evaluation of both validation and NLCD data and afforded efficient exploration of observed errors. In a minority of cases, errors could be explained by temporal discontinuities between the date of satellite image capture and validation source data in rapidly changing places. In others, errors were created by vegetation cover over impervious surfaces and by other factors that bias the satellite processing algorithms. On average in the Mid-Atlantic region, the NLCD product underestimates ISA by approximately 5%. While the error range varies between 2 and 8%, this underestimation occurs regardless of development intensity. Through such analyses the errors, strengths, and weaknesses of particular satellite products can be explored to suggest appropriate uses for regional, satellite-based data in rapidly developing areas of environmental significance. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2009)14:4(369)","issn":"10840699","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.W., and Jarnagin, T., 2009, Evaluation of a moderate resolution, satellite-based impervious surface map using an independent, high-resolution validation data set: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 14, no. 4, p. 369-376, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2009)14:4(369).","startPage":"369","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215176,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2009)14:4(369)"},{"id":242958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c32e4b0c8380cd52a8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, J. W.","contributorId":89233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnagin, T.","contributorId":15422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnagin","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035067,"text":"70035067 - 2009 - Seasonal source-sink dynamics at the edge of a species' range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035067","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal source-sink dynamics at the edge of a species' range","docAbstract":"The roles of dispersal and population dynamics in determining species' range boundaries recently have received theoretical attention but little empirical work. Here we provide data on survival, reproduction, and movement for a Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) population at a local distributional edge in central Massachusetts (USA). Most juvenile females that apparently exploited anthropogenic resources survived their first winter, whereas those using adjacent natural resources died of starvation. In spring, adult females recolonized natural areas. A life-table model suggests that a population exploiting anthropogenic resources may grow, acting as source to a geographically interlaced sink of opossums using only natural resources, and also providing emigrants for further range expansion to new human-dominated landscapes. In a geographical model, this source-sink dynamic is consistent with the local distribution identified through road-kill surveys. The Virginia opossum's exploitation of human resources likely ameliorates energetically restrictive winters and may explain both their local distribution and their northward expansion in unsuitable natural climatic regimes. Landscape heterogeneity, such as created by urbanization, may result in source-sink dynamics at highly localized scales. Differential fitness and individual dispersal movements within local populations are key to generating regional distributions, and thus species ranges, that exceed expectations. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-1263.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Kanda, L., Fuller, T., Sievert, P., and Kellogg, R., 2009, Seasonal source-sink dynamics at the edge of a species' range: Ecology, v. 90, no. 6, p. 1574-1585, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1263.1.","startPage":"1574","endPage":"1585","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215177,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-1263.1"}],"volume":"90","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88d8e4b08c986b316bd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kanda, L.L.","contributorId":74978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanda","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, T.K.","contributorId":98252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sievert, P.R.","contributorId":104858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievert","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kellogg, R.L.","contributorId":74080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035071,"text":"70035071 - 2009 - Hybridization rapidly reduces fitness of a native trout in the wild","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035071","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1028,"text":"Biology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hybridization rapidly reduces fitness of a native trout in the wild","docAbstract":"Human-mediated hybridization is a leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. How hybridization affects fitness and what level of hybridization is permissible pose difficult conservation questions with little empirical information to guide policy and management decisions. This is particularly true for salmonids, where widespread introgression among non-native and native taxa has often created hybrid swarms over extensive geographical areas resulting in genomic extinction. Here, we used parentage analysis with multilocus microsatellite markers to measure how varying levels of genetic introgression with non-native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) affect reproductive success (number of offspring per adult) of native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) in the wild. Small amounts of hybridization markedly reduced fitness of male and female trout, with reproductive success sharply declining by approximately 50 per cent, with only 20 per cent admixture. Despite apparent fitness costs, our data suggest that hybridization may spread due to relatively high reproductive success of first-generation hybrids and high reproductive success of a few males with high levels of admixture. This outbreeding depression suggests that even low levels of admixture may have negative effects on fitness in the wild and that policies protecting hybridized populations may need reconsideration. ?? 2009 The Royal Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1098/rsbl.2009.0033","issn":"17449561","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C., Kalinowski, S., McMahon, T., Taper, M., Painter, S., Leary, R., and Allendorf, F., 2009, Hybridization rapidly reduces fitness of a native trout in the wild: Biology Letters, v. 5, no. 3, p. 328-331, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0033.","startPage":"328","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476388,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2679930","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215268,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0033"},{"id":243058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32c3e4b0c8380cd5ea66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhlfeld, C.C.","contributorId":97850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalinowski, S.T.","contributorId":26899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalinowski","given":"S.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, T.E.","contributorId":56463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"T.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taper, M.L.","contributorId":36514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taper","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Painter, S.","contributorId":28799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leary, R.F.","contributorId":31221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leary","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Allendorf, F.W.","contributorId":99937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allendorf","given":"F.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035072,"text":"70035072 - 2009 - Potential environmental issues of CO<sub>2</sub> storage in deep saline aquifers: Geochemical results from the Frio-I Brine Pilot test, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T07:54:00","indexId":"70035072","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential environmental issues of CO<sub>2</sub> storage in deep saline aquifers: Geochemical results from the Frio-I Brine Pilot test, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">Sedimentary basins in general, and deep saline aquifers in particular, are being investigated as possible repositories for large volumes of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> that must be sequestered to mitigate global warming and related climate changes. To investigate the potential for the long-term storage of CO<sub>2</sub> in such aquifers, 1600&nbsp;t of CO<sub>2</sub> were injected at 1500&nbsp;m depth into a 24-m-thick \"C\" sandstone unit of the Frio Formation, a regional aquifer in the US Gulf Coast. Fluid samples obtained before CO<sub>2</sub> injection from the injection well and an observation well 30&nbsp;m updip showed a Na–Ca–Cl type brine with ∼93,000&nbsp;mg/L TDS at saturation with CH<sub>4</sub> at reservoir conditions; gas analyses showed that CH<sub>4</sub> comprised ∼95% of dissolved gas, but CO<sub>2</sub> was low at 0.3%. Following CO<sub>2&nbsp;</sub>breakthrough, 51&nbsp;h after injection, samples showed sharp drops in pH (6.5–5.7), pronounced increases in alkalinity (100–3000&nbsp;mg/L as HCO<sub>3</sub>) and in Fe (30–1100&nbsp;mg/L), a slug of very high DOC values, and significant shifts in the isotopic compositions of H<sub>2</sub>O, DIC, and CH<sub>4</sub>. These data, coupled with geochemical modeling, indicate corrosion of pipe and well casing as well as rapid dissolution of minerals, especially calcite and iron oxyhydroxides, both caused by lowered pH (initially ∼3.0 at subsurface conditions) of the brine in contact with supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>.</p><p id=\"\">These geochemical parameters, together with perfluorocarbon tracer gases (PFTs), were used to monitor migration of the injected CO<sub>2</sub> into the overlying Frio “B”, composed of a 4-m-thick sandstone and separated from the “C” by ∼15&nbsp;m of shale and siltstone beds. Results obtained from the Frio “B” 6&nbsp;months after injection gave chemical and isotopic markers that show significant CO<sub>2</sub> (2.9% compared with 0.3% CO<sub>2</sub> in dissolved gas) migration into the “B” sandstone. Results of samples collected 15&nbsp;months after injection, however, are ambiguous, and can be interpreted to show no additional injected CO<sub>2</sub> in the “B” sandstone. The presence of injected CO<sub>2</sub> may indicate migration from “C” to “B” through the intervening beds or, more likely, a short-term leakage through the remedial cement around the casing of a 50-year old well. Results obtained to date from four shallow monitoring groundwater wells show no brine or CO<sub>2</sub> leakage through the Anahuac Formation, the regional cap rock.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.02.010","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., Thordsen, J., Hovorka, S.D., Nance, H.S., Cole, D.R., Phelps, T.J., and Knauss, K.G., 2009, Potential environmental issues of CO<sub>2</sub> storage in deep saline aquifers: Geochemical results from the Frio-I Brine Pilot test, Texas, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1106-1112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.02.010.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1106","endPage":"1112","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-97.240849,26.411504],[-97.276425,26.521729],[-97.31073,26.556558],[-97.345822,26.700589],[-97.370438,26.723896],[-97.368343,26.795649],[-97.387459,26.820789],[-97.390078,27.156512],[-97.359963,27.304732],[-97.361796,27.359988],[-97.317277,27.46369],[-97.236882,27.598293],[-97.231383,27.632336],[-97.214099,27.631551],[-97.200743,27.650144],[-97.203474,27.684533],[-97.103326,27.789068],[-97.098874,27.82285],[-97.134489,27.825206],[-97.056713,27.842294],[-96.985745,27.954048],[-96.967807,28.020041],[-96.952618,28.01644],[-96.906004,28.076147],[-96.886233,28.084396],[-96.879424,28.131402],[-96.84538,28.108881],[-96.83003,28.111842],[-96.81042,28.126034],[-96.816443,28.174808],[-96.791958,28.188687],[-96.703838,28.198246],[-96.702659,28.211208],[-96.662462,28.227314],[-96.651856,28.251275],[-96.592934,28.296972],[-96.450998,28.337039],[-96.403206,28.371475],[-96.397846,28.343513],[-96.4137,28.327343],[-96.547774,28.270798],[-96.694666,28.18212],[-96.849624,28.064939],[-96.966996,27.950531],[-97.166682,27.676583],[-97.30447,27.407734],[-97.350398,27.268105],[-97.370941,27.161166],[-97.37913,27.047996],[-97.370731,26.909706],[-97.333028,26.736479],[-97.194644,26.306513],[-97.154271,26.066841],[-97.169842,26.077853],[-97.194458,26.27164],[-97.240849,26.411504]]],[[[-94.886539,29.510724],[-94.894747,29.52697],[-94.87675,29.507922],[-94.886539,29.510724]]],[[[-97.868235,26.056656],[-97.88653,26.066339],[-97.967358,26.051718],[-97.981335,26.067182],[-98.028759,26.06647],[-98.039239,26.041275],[-98.070021,26.047992],[-98.084755,26.070808],[-98.091038,26.059169],[-98.105505,26.067537],[-98.146622,26.049412],[-98.177897,26.074672],[-98.197046,26.056153],[-98.220673,26.076467],[-98.248806,26.073101],[-98.264514,26.085507],[-98.277218,26.098802],[-98.265698,26.12037],[-98.296195,26.120321],[-98.302979,26.11005],[-98.323828,26.121249],[-98.336837,26.166432],[-98.354645,26.15304],[-98.386694,26.157872],[-98.404433,26.182564],[-98.442536,26.199151],[-98.450976,26.219904],[-98.496684,26.212853],[-98.543852,26.234492],[-98.576188,26.235221],[-98.599154,26.257612],[-98.669397,26.23632],[-98.681167,26.26271],[-98.745272,26.303096],[-98.755242,26.3251],[-98.789822,26.331575],[-98.807348,26.369421],[-98.890965,26.357569],[-98.921277,26.381426],[-98.950186,26.380303],[-98.967587,26.398266],[-99.008003,26.395459],[-99.032316,26.412082],[-99.082002,26.39651],[-99.110855,26.426278],[-99.091635,26.476977],[-99.127782,26.525199],[-99.166742,26.536079],[-99.178064,26.620547],[-99.209948,26.693938],[-99.208907,26.724761],[-99.240023,26.745851],[-99.242444,26.788262],[-99.268613,26.843213],[-99.295146,26.86544],[-99.316753,26.865831],[-99.3289,26.879761],[-99.324684,26.915973],[-99.379149,26.93449],[-99.393748,26.96073],[-99.377312,26.973819],[-99.415476,27.01724],[-99.42938,27.010833],[-99.446524,27.023008],[-99.452316,27.062669],[-99.429209,27.090982],[-99.442123,27.106839],[-99.426348,27.176262],[-99.441549,27.24992],[-99.463309,27.268437],[-99.492407,27.264118],[-99.494604,27.303542],[-99.536443,27.312538],[-99.504837,27.338289],[-99.487521,27.412396],[-99.495104,27.451518],[-99.480419,27.481596],[-99.497519,27.500496],[-99.52582,27.496696],[-99.515978,27.572131],[-99.55495,27.614454],[-99.580006,27.602251],[-99.578099,27.619196],[-99.594038,27.638573],[-99.638929,27.626758],[-99.665948,27.635968],[-99.668942,27.659974],[-99.711511,27.658365],[-99.77074,27.732134],[-99.796342,27.735586],[-99.813086,27.773952],[-99.835127,27.762881],[-99.850877,27.793974],[-99.877677,27.799427],[-99.876003,27.837968],[-99.904385,27.875284],[-99.895828,27.904178],[-99.937142,27.940537],[-99.931812,27.980967],[-99.991447,27.99456],[-100.017914,28.064787],[-100.053123,28.08473],[-100.083393,28.144035],[-100.208059,28.190383],[-100.22363,28.235224],[-100.2462,28.234092],[-100.289384,28.273491],[-100.286471,28.312296],[-100.341869,28.384953],[-100.349586,28.402604],[-100.337797,28.44296],[-100.368288,28.477196],[-100.333814,28.499252],[-100.38886,28.515748],[-100.411414,28.551899],[-100.398385,28.584884],[-100.44732,28.609325],[-100.445529,28.637144],[-100.495863,28.658569],[-100.510055,28.690723],[-100.507613,28.740599],[-100.533017,28.76328],[-100.53583,28.805888],[-100.547324,28.825817],[-100.57051,28.826317],[-100.602054,28.901944],[-100.640568,28.914212],[-100.651512,28.943432],[-100.645894,28.986421],[-100.674656,29.099777],[-100.772649,29.168492],[-100.767059,29.195287],[-100.785521,29.228137],[-100.795681,29.22773],[-100.797671,29.246943],[-100.876049,29.279585],[-100.886842,29.307848],[-100.948972,29.347246],[-101.004207,29.364772],[-101.060151,29.458661],[-101.151877,29.477005],[-101.173821,29.514566],[-101.254895,29.520342],[-101.242023,29.592512],[-101.259127,29.607284],[-101.307332,29.587847],[-101.311219,29.648491],[-101.361756,29.657821],[-101.415402,29.756561],[-101.441059,29.753451],[-101.475269,29.780663],[-101.522695,29.759671],[-101.546797,29.796991],[-101.582562,29.771334],[-101.625958,29.771063],[-101.646418,29.754304],[-101.662453,29.77128],[-101.706636,29.762737],[-101.852604,29.801895],[-101.922585,29.790161],[-101.974548,29.810276],[-101.987539,29.801057],[-102.034759,29.804028],[-102.050044,29.78507],[-102.115682,29.79239],[-102.159601,29.814356],[-102.181894,29.846034],[-102.227553,29.843534],[-102.315389,29.87992],[-102.364542,29.845387],[-102.386678,29.76688],[-102.508313,29.783219],[-102.513381,29.76576],[-102.539417,29.751629],[-102.559343,29.760377],[-102.630151,29.734315],[-102.670971,29.741954],[-102.698347,29.695591],[-102.693466,29.676507],[-102.742031,29.632142],[-102.739991,29.599041],[-102.768341,29.594734],[-102.771429,29.548546],[-102.808692,29.522319],[-102.807327,29.494009],[-102.832539,29.433109],[-102.824564,29.399558],[-102.843021,29.357988],[-102.879534,29.353327],[-102.888328,29.291947],[-102.906296,29.260011],[-102.871347,29.241625],[-102.866846,29.225015],[-102.890064,29.208814],[-102.915866,29.215878],[-102.917805,29.190697],[-102.944911,29.18882],[-102.953475,29.176308],[-102.989432,29.183174],[-103.015028,29.12577],[-103.035683,29.103029],[-103.074407,29.088534],[-103.100266,29.0577],[-103.113922,28.988547],[-103.156646,28.972831],[-103.227801,28.991532],[-103.239109,28.981651],[-103.260308,28.989731],[-103.28119,28.982138],[-103.341463,29.041224],[-103.355428,29.021529],[-103.427754,29.042334],[-103.471265,29.073115],[-103.503236,29.11911],[-103.524613,29.120998],[-103.523384,29.133389],[-103.558679,29.154962],[-103.645635,29.159286],[-103.71377,29.185008],[-103.816642,29.270927],[-103.975235,29.296017],[-104.038282,29.320156],[-104.106467,29.373127],[-104.166563,29.399352],[-104.233487,29.492734],[-104.318074,29.527938],[-104.334811,29.519463],[-104.381041,29.543406],[-104.399591,29.572319],[-104.507568,29.639624],[-104.539761,29.676074],[-104.565688,29.770462],[-104.679772,29.924659],[-104.679661,29.975272],[-104.706874,30.050685],[-104.685003,30.085643],[-104.695366,30.13213],[-104.687296,30.179464],[-104.713166,30.237957],[-104.733822,30.261221],[-104.749664,30.26126],[-104.761634,30.301148],[-104.809794,30.334926],[-104.824314,30.370466],[-104.859521,30.390413],[-104.85242,30.418792],[-104.876787,30.511004],[-104.924796,30.604832],[-104.967167,30.608107],[-105.002057,30.680972],[-105.062334,30.686303],[-105.113816,30.746001],[-105.152362,30.751452],[-105.195144,30.792138],[-105.255416,30.797029],[-105.287238,30.822206],[-105.314863,30.816961],[-105.360672,30.847384],[-105.394242,30.852979],[-105.399609,30.888941],[-105.533088,30.984859],[-105.55743,30.990229],[-105.60333,31.082625],[-105.64189,31.098322],[-105.646731,31.113908],[-105.709491,31.136375],[-105.742678,31.164897],[-105.773257,31.166897],[-105.779725,31.191283],[-105.869353,31.288634],[-105.938452,31.318735],[-105.953943,31.364749],[-106.004926,31.392458],[-106.080258,31.398702],[-106.203969,31.465378],[-106.246203,31.541153],[-106.280811,31.562062],[-106.303536,31.620413],[-106.378039,31.72831],[-106.451541,31.764808],[-106.484642,31.747809],[-106.542097,31.802146],[-106.602727,31.825024],[-106.605845,31.846305],[-106.635926,31.866235],[-106.629197,31.883717],[-106.645296,31.894859],[-106.614346,31.918003],[-106.623933,31.925335],[-106.614702,31.956],[-106.622819,31.952891],[-106.618745,31.966955],[-106.638186,31.97682],[-106.618486,32.000495],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-103.064625,32.999899],[-103.043531,34.018014],[-103.041924,36.500439],[-100.003762,36.499699],[-100.000381,34.560509],[-99.929334,34.576714],[-99.825325,34.497596],[-99.754248,34.421289],[-99.696462,34.381036],[-99.665992,34.374185],[-99.600026,34.374688],[-99.569696,34.418418],[-99.499875,34.409608],[-99.430995,34.373414],[-99.399603,34.375079],[-99.394956,34.442099],[-99.381011,34.456936],[-99.358795,34.455863],[-99.318363,34.408296],[-99.289922,34.414731],[-99.264167,34.405149],[-99.25898,34.391243],[-99.273958,34.38756],[-99.242945,34.372668],[-99.233274,34.344101],[-99.210716,34.336304],[-99.211648,34.292232],[-99.19457,34.272424],[-99.189511,34.214312],[-99.159016,34.20888],[-99.130609,34.219408],[-99.126567,34.203004],[-99.079535,34.211518],[-99.048792,34.198209],[-99.013075,34.203222],[-98.990852,34.221633],[-98.974132,34.203566],[-98.952513,34.21265],[-98.909349,34.177499],[-98.872922,34.166584],[-98.868116,34.149635],[-98.8579,34.159627],[-98.812954,34.158444],[-98.749291,34.124238],[-98.735471,34.135208],[-98.696518,34.133521],[-98.648073,34.164441],[-98.603978,34.160249],[-98.577136,34.148962],[-98.486328,34.062598],[-98.414426,34.085074],[-98.384381,34.146317],[-98.367494,34.156191],[-98.16912,34.114171],[-98.114506,34.154727],[-98.09066,34.12198],[-98.120208,34.072127],[-98.099096,34.048639],[-98.104022,34.036233],[-98.088203,34.005481],[-98.027672,33.993357],[-97.978243,34.005387],[-97.947572,33.991053],[-97.974173,33.942832],[-97.955511,33.938186],[-97.957155,33.914454],[-97.983552,33.904002],[-97.967777,33.88243],[-97.877387,33.850236],[-97.834333,33.857671],[-97.784657,33.890632],[-97.783717,33.91056],[-97.76377,33.914241],[-97.762768,33.934396],[-97.725289,33.941045],[-97.69311,33.983699],[-97.671772,33.99137],[-97.589598,33.953554],[-97.589254,33.903922],[-97.551541,33.897947],[-97.50096,33.919643],[-97.460376,33.903948],[-97.451469,33.87093],[-97.462857,33.841772],[-97.426493,33.819398],[-97.365507,33.823763],[-97.33294,33.87444],[-97.315913,33.865838],[-97.299245,33.880175],[-97.256625,33.863286],[-97.24618,33.900344],[-97.210921,33.916064],[-97.179609,33.89225],[-97.166629,33.847311],[-97.203514,33.821825],[-97.205431,33.801488],[-97.172192,33.737545],[-97.126102,33.716941],[-97.086195,33.743933],[-97.087999,33.808747],[-97.058623,33.818752],[-97.052209,33.841737],[-97.023899,33.844213],[-96.985567,33.886522],[-96.996183,33.941728],[-96.979415,33.956178],[-96.973807,33.935697],[-96.9163,33.957798],[-96.875281,33.860505],[-96.85609,33.84749],[-96.837413,33.871349],[-96.794276,33.868886],[-96.761588,33.824406],[-96.704457,33.835021],[-96.667187,33.91694],[-96.630117,33.895422],[-96.592948,33.895616],[-96.590112,33.880665],[-96.625399,33.856542],[-96.623155,33.841483],[-96.572937,33.819098],[-96.523863,33.818114],[-96.502286,33.77346],[-96.422643,33.776041],[-96.348306,33.686379],[-96.309964,33.710489],[-96.294867,33.764771],[-96.277269,33.769735],[-96.220521,33.74739],[-96.178059,33.760518],[-96.162757,33.788769],[-96.178964,33.810553],[-96.150765,33.816987],[-96.15163,33.831946],[-96.138905,33.839159],[-96.09936,33.83047],[-96.101349,33.845721],[-96.005296,33.845505],[-95.991487,33.866869],[-95.951609,33.857017],[-95.936132,33.886826],[-95.831948,33.835161],[-95.821666,33.856633],[-95.805149,33.861304],[-95.776255,33.845145],[-95.75431,33.853992],[-95.761916,33.883402],[-95.747335,33.895756],[-95.696962,33.885218],[-95.669978,33.905844],[-95.636978,33.906613],[-95.599678,33.934247],[-95.556915,33.92702],[-95.545197,33.880294],[-95.515302,33.891142],[-95.492028,33.874822],[-95.461499,33.883686],[-95.464211,33.873372],[-95.44737,33.86885],[-95.339122,33.868873],[-95.334523,33.885788],[-95.283445,33.877746],[-95.280351,33.896751],[-95.255747,33.902939],[-95.252906,33.933648],[-95.219358,33.961567],[-95.121184,33.931307],[-95.093929,33.895963],[-95.061065,33.895292],[-95.049025,33.86409],[-95.008376,33.866089],[-94.983303,33.851354],[-94.976208,33.859847],[-94.948716,33.818023],[-94.91945,33.810176],[-94.919614,33.786305],[-94.879218,33.764912],[-94.8693,33.745871],[-94.830804,33.740068],[-94.817427,33.752172],[-94.798634,33.744527],[-94.775064,33.755038],[-94.762961,33.731787],[-94.742576,33.727009],[-94.732384,33.700254],[-94.714865,33.707261],[-94.710725,33.691654],[-94.684792,33.684353],[-94.659167,33.692138],[-94.646113,33.6693],[-94.57962,33.677623],[-94.520725,33.616567],[-94.491503,33.625115],[-94.485875,33.637867],[-94.448637,33.642766],[-94.468086,33.599436],[-94.430039,33.591124],[-94.413155,33.569368],[-94.378076,33.577019],[-94.397398,33.562314],[-94.389515,33.546778],[-94.355945,33.54318],[-94.345513,33.567313],[-94.309582,33.551673],[-94.289129,33.582144],[-94.280849,33.577187],[-94.290901,33.558872],[-94.27909,33.557026],[-94.245932,33.589114],[-94.237975,33.577757],[-94.250197,33.556765],[-94.226392,33.552912],[-94.205634,33.567229],[-94.193248,33.556154],[-94.192483,33.570425],[-94.217408,33.57926],[-94.183913,33.594682],[-94.152626,33.575923],[-94.146048,33.581975],[-94.14852,33.565678],[-94.136864,33.571],[-94.128658,33.550952],[-94.088943,33.575322],[-94.061283,33.568805],[-94.055663,33.561887],[-94.073744,33.558285],[-94.06548,33.550909],[-94.04604,33.551321],[-94.04272,31.999265],[-94.018664,31.990843],[-93.971712,31.920384],[-93.923929,31.88985],[-93.904766,31.890599],[-93.874761,31.821661],[-93.827451,31.777741],[-93.830647,31.745811],[-93.802694,31.697783],[-93.826462,31.666919],[-93.816838,31.622509],[-93.838057,31.606795],[-93.834924,31.586211],[-93.798087,31.534044],[-93.743376,31.525196],[-93.725925,31.504092],[-93.74987,31.475276],[-93.70093,31.437784],[-93.704879,31.410881],[-93.674117,31.397681],[-93.665052,31.363886],[-93.687851,31.309835],[-93.642516,31.269508],[-93.620343,31.271025],[-93.598828,31.174679],[-93.588503,31.165581],[-93.535097,31.185614],[-93.551693,31.097258],[-93.52301,31.065241],[-93.516943,31.032584],[-93.539526,31.008498],[-93.566017,31.004567],[-93.571906,30.987614],[-93.526245,30.939411],[-93.567788,30.888302],[-93.554057,30.824941],[-93.561666,30.807739],[-93.584265,30.796663],[-93.592828,30.763986],[-93.619129,30.742002],[-93.611192,30.718053],[-93.629904,30.67994],[-93.6831,30.640763],[-93.684329,30.592586],[-93.727844,30.57407],[-93.729195,30.544842],[-93.740253,30.539569],[-93.714322,30.518562],[-93.697828,30.443838],[-93.757654,30.390423],[-93.765822,30.333318],[-93.708645,30.288317],[-93.705083,30.242752],[-93.720946,30.209852],[-93.688212,30.141376],[-93.701252,30.137376],[-93.702436,30.112721],[-93.732485,30.088914],[-93.70082,30.056274],[-93.720805,30.053043],[-93.739734,30.023987],[-93.786935,29.99058],[-93.838374,29.882855],[-93.927992,29.80964],[-93.926504,29.78956],[-93.89847,29.771577],[-93.891637,29.744618],[-93.873941,29.73777],[-93.837971,29.690619],[-93.866981,29.673085],[-94.001406,29.681486],[-94.132577,29.646217],[-94.594853,29.467903],[-94.694158,29.415632],[-94.731047,29.369141],[-94.778691,29.361483],[-94.783131,29.375642],[-94.766848,29.393489],[-94.6724,29.476843],[-94.608557,29.483345],[-94.566674,29.531988],[-94.532348,29.5178],[-94.495025,29.525031],[-94.503429,29.54325],[-94.522421,29.545672],[-94.553988,29.573882],[-94.740699,29.525858],[-94.783296,29.535314],[-94.78954,29.546494],[-94.755237,29.562782],[-94.708741,29.625226],[-94.693154,29.694453],[-94.695317,29.723052],[-94.735271,29.785433],[-94.816085,29.75671],[-94.851108,29.721373],[-94.872551,29.67125],[-94.893107,29.661336],[-94.915413,29.656614],[-94.936089,29.692704],[-94.965963,29.70033],[-95.015636,29.639457],[-94.982936,29.60167],[-95.016889,29.548303],[-94.981916,29.511141],[-94.909898,29.49691],[-94.930861,29.450504],[-94.8908,29.433432],[-94.893994,29.30817],[-94.921593,29.281556],[-94.952526,29.290122],[-95.099101,29.173529],[-95.151925,29.151162],[-95.16525,29.113566],[-95.136221,29.084537],[-94.879239,29.285839],[-94.824953,29.306005],[-94.822307,29.344254],[-94.810696,29.353435],[-94.784895,29.335535],[-94.72253,29.331446],[-95.081773,29.111222],[-95.38239,28.866348],[-95.439594,28.859022],[-95.812504,28.664942],[-96.220376,28.491966],[-96.378616,28.383909],[-96.37596,28.401682],[-96.335119,28.437795],[-96.223825,28.495067],[-96.21505,28.509679],[-95.98616,28.606319],[-95.978526,28.650594],[-95.996338,28.658736],[-96.006516,28.648049],[-96.047737,28.649067],[-96.221784,28.580364],[-96.233998,28.596649],[-96.212624,28.622604],[-96.230944,28.641433],[-96.192267,28.687744],[-96.19583,28.69894],[-96.222802,28.698431],[-96.287942,28.683164],[-96.304227,28.671459],[-96.303718,28.644996],[-96.373439,28.626675],[-96.487943,28.569677],[-96.485907,28.607845],[-96.510844,28.61497],[-96.499648,28.635835],[-96.563262,28.644487],[-96.572931,28.667897],[-96.561226,28.696395],[-96.584091,28.722798],[-96.664534,28.696904],[-96.61059,28.638889],[-96.61975,28.627693],[-96.611099,28.585962],[-96.565297,28.5824],[-96.561226,28.570695],[-96.526111,28.557972],[-96.505755,28.525911],[-96.402446,28.449066],[-96.59176,28.357462],[-96.672677,28.335579],[-96.705247,28.348811],[-96.710336,28.406827],[-96.772209,28.408074],[-96.794554,28.365688],[-96.791761,28.31217],[-96.809573,28.290287],[-96.787181,28.255681],[-96.800413,28.224128],[-96.934765,28.123873],[-96.962755,28.123365],[-97.027014,28.148408],[-97.021303,28.1841],[-97.037008,28.185528],[-97.153601,28.13318],[-97.214039,28.087494],[-97.21535,28.076575],[-97.176444,28.059892],[-97.137421,28.057037],[-97.025693,28.11216],[-97.035528,28.084688],[-97.025859,28.041939],[-97.129168,27.919801],[-97.186709,27.825453],[-97.219738,27.823939],[-97.250797,27.876035],[-97.272253,27.881427],[-97.379042,27.837867],[-97.393291,27.782905],[-97.368355,27.741683],[-97.316446,27.712676],[-97.253955,27.696696],[-97.296598,27.613947],[-97.294054,27.5941],[-97.321535,27.571199],[-97.401942,27.335574],[-97.508304,27.275014],[-97.532223,27.278577],[-97.544437,27.284175],[-97.498126,27.308602],[-97.502706,27.322343],[-97.483877,27.338628],[-97.48693,27.358984],[-97.501688,27.366618],[-97.609068,27.285193],[-97.63146,27.28621],[-97.640111,27.270943],[-97.628916,27.242953],[-97.54291,27.229213],[-97.42408,27.264073],[-97.443673,27.116235],[-97.45665,27.099695],[-97.495836,27.094098],[-97.477515,27.066108],[-97.48693,27.057711],[-97.486676,27.03481],[-97.473444,27.02285],[-97.478533,26.999186],[-97.555378,26.99028],[-97.555378,26.93888],[-97.540874,26.90631],[-97.563266,26.842188],[-97.509831,26.803511],[-97.468609,26.740915],[-97.445708,26.609362],[-97.416955,26.553637],[-97.441383,26.455418],[-97.41721,26.44982],[-97.42179,26.417249],[-97.382485,26.411326],[-97.369627,26.394603],[-97.388965,26.36585],[-97.387947,26.330481],[-97.358176,26.356435],[-97.335275,26.355672],[-97.336802,26.331753],[-97.352833,26.318521],[-97.343927,26.267376],[-97.311866,26.273737],[-97.307031,26.253126],[-97.32128,26.236078],[-97.296598,26.200709],[-97.306776,26.159487],[-97.282094,26.120301],[-97.294054,26.11394],[-97.270898,26.086459],[-97.199651,26.077044],[-97.195071,26.04193],[-97.224842,26.027426],[-97.219244,25.996128],[-97.208557,25.991802],[-97.167208,26.007069],[-97.162628,26.023482],[-97.18273,26.053126],[-97.152009,26.062108],[-97.146294,25.955606],[-97.276707,25.952147],[-97.277163,25.935438],[-97.350398,25.925241],[-97.37443,25.907444],[-97.360082,25.868874],[-97.372864,25.840117],[-97.422636,25.840378],[-97.445113,25.850026],[-97.454727,25.879337],[-97.521762,25.886458],[-97.546421,25.934077],[-97.582565,25.937857],[-97.583044,25.955443],[-97.598043,25.957556],[-97.643708,26.016943],[-97.758838,26.032131],[-97.789823,26.04246],[-97.801344,26.060017],[-97.868235,26.056656]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Texas\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ef8e4b0c8380cd7a84b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thordsen, James J. jthordsn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordsen","given":"James J.","email":"jthordsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hovorka, Susan D.","contributorId":175572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hovorka","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nance, H. Seay","contributorId":59310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nance","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Seay","affiliations":[{"id":12933,"text":"Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cole, David R.","contributorId":79044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Phelps, Tommy J.","contributorId":175588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phelps","given":"Tommy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Knauss, Kevin G.","contributorId":177240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knauss","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035077,"text":"70035077 - 2009 - Intra-annual NDVI validation of the Landsat 5 TM radiometric calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:59:21","indexId":"70035077","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intra-annual NDVI validation of the Landsat 5 TM radiometric calibration","docAbstract":"<p><span>Multispectral data from the Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor provide the backbone of the extensive archive of moderate‐resolution Earth imagery. Even after more than 24 years of service, the L5 TM is still operational. Given the longevity of the satellite, the detectors have aged and the sensor's radiometric characteristics have changed since launch. The calibration procedures and parameters in the National Land Archive Production System (NLAPS) have also changed with time. Revised radiometric calibrations in 2003 and 2007 have improved the radiometric accuracy of recently processed data. This letter uses the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a metric to evaluate the radiometric calibration. The calibration change has improved absolute calibration accuracy, consistency over time, and consistency with Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic radiometry and will provide the basis for continued long‐term studies of the Earth's land surfaces.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160802524545","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., and Groeneveld, D., 2009, Intra-annual NDVI validation of the Landsat 5 TM radiometric calibration: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 30, no. 6, p. 1621-1628, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160802524545.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1621","endPage":"1628","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215358,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160802524545"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dbae4b0c8380cd637c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groeneveld, D.P.","contributorId":77161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groeneveld","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035081,"text":"70035081 - 2009 - Survival of radio-implanted drymarchon couperi (Eastern Indigo Snake) in relation to body size and sex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035081","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of radio-implanted drymarchon couperi (Eastern Indigo Snake) in relation to body size and sex","docAbstract":"Drymarchon couperi (eastern indigo snake) has experienced population declines across its range primarily as a result of extensive habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation. Conservation efforts for D. couperi have been hindered, in part, because of informational gaps regarding the species, including a lack of data on population ecology and estimates of demographic parameters such as survival. We conducted a 2- year radiotelemetry study of D. couperi on Fort Stewart Military Reservation and adjacent private lands located in southeastern Georgia to assess individual characteristics associated with probability of survival. We used known-fate modeling to estimate survival, and an information-theoretic approach, based on a priori hypotheses, to examine intraspecific differences in survival probabilities relative to individual covariates (sex, size, size standardized by sex, and overwintering location). Annual survival in 2003 and 2004 was 0.89 (95% CI = 0.73-0.97, n = 25) and 0.72 (95% CI = 0.52-0.86; n = 27), respectively. Results indicated that body size, standardized by sex, was the most important covariate determining survival of adult D. couperi, suggesting lower survival for larger individuals within each sex. We are uncertain of the mechanisms underlying this result, but possibilities may include greater resource needs for larger individuals within each sex, necessitating larger or more frequent movements, or a population with older individuals. Our results may also have been influenced by analysis limitations because of sample size, other sources of individual variation, or environmental conditions. ?? 2009 by The Herpetologists' League, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1655/08-004R1.1","issn":"00180831","usgsCitation":"Hyslop, N., Meyers, J., Cooper, R., and Norton, T., 2009, Survival of radio-implanted drymarchon couperi (Eastern Indigo Snake) in relation to body size and sex: Herpetologica, v. 65, no. 2, p. 199-206, https://doi.org/10.1655/08-004R1.1.","startPage":"199","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215389,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1655/08-004R1.1"},{"id":243188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2dae4b08c986b31f9f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyslop, N.L.","contributorId":22066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyslop","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyers, J.M.","contributorId":54307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norton, Terry M.","contributorId":71020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"Terry M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035110,"text":"70035110 - 2009 - Beneath the veil: Plant growth form influences the strength of species richness-productivity relationships in forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035110","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beneath the veil: Plant growth form influences the strength of species richness-productivity relationships in forests","docAbstract":"Aim: Species richness has been observed to increase with productivity at large spatial scales, though the strength of this relationship varies among functional groups. In forests, canopy trees shade understorey plants, and for this reason we hypothesize that species richness of canopy trees will depend on macroclimate, while species richness of shorter growth forms will additionally be affected by shading from the canopy. In this study we test for differences in species richness-productivity relationships (SRPRs) among growth forms (canopy trees, shrubs, herbaceous species) in small forest plots. Location: We analysed 231 plots ranging from 34.0?? to 48.3?? N latitude and from 75.0?? to 124.2?? W longitude in the United States. Methods: We analysed data collected by the USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis program for plant species richness partitioned into different growth forms, in small plots. We used actual evapotranspiration as a macroclimatic estimate of regional productivity and calculated the area of light-blocking tissue in the immediate area surrounding plots for an estimate of the intensity of local shading. We estimated and compared SRPRs for different partitions of the species richness dataset using generalized linear models and we incorporated the possible indirect effects of shading using a structural equation model. Results: Canopy tree species richness increased strongly with regional productivity, while local shading primarily explained the variation in herbaceous plant richness. Shrub species richness was related to both regional productivity and local shading. Main conclusions: The relationship between total forest plant species richness and productivity at large scales belies strong effects of local interactions. Counter to the pattern for overall richness, we found that understorey herbaceous plant species richness does not respond to regional productivity gradients, and instead is strongly influenced by canopy density, while shrub species richness is under multivariate control. ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00457.x","issn":"1466822X","usgsCitation":"Oberle, B., Grace, J., and Chase, J., 2009, Beneath the veil: Plant growth form influences the strength of species richness-productivity relationships in forests: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 18, no. 4, p. 416-425, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00457.x.","startPage":"416","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215297,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00457.x"},{"id":243092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0aee4b0c8380cd4a867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberle, B.","contributorId":15851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberle","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, J.M.","contributorId":90558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035115,"text":"70035115 - 2009 - The contemporary cement cycle of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T09:46:56","indexId":"70035115","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2383,"text":"Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The contemporary cement cycle of the United States","docAbstract":"A country-level stock and flow model for cement, an important construction material, was developed based on a material flow analysis framework. Using this model, the contemporary cement cycle of the United States was constructed by analyzing production, import, and export data for different stages of the cement cycle. The United States currently supplies approximately 80% of its cement consumption through domestic production and the rest is imported. The average annual net addition of in-use new cement stock over the period 2000-2004 was approximately 83 million metric tons and amounts to 2.3 tons per capita of concrete. Nonfuel carbon dioxide emissions (42 million metric tons per year) from the calcination phase of cement manufacture account for 62% of the total 68 million tons per year of cement production residues. The end-of-life cement discards are estimated to be 33 million metric tons per year, of which between 30% and 80% is recycled. A significant portion of the infrastructure in the United States is reaching the end of its useful life and will need to be replaced or rehabilitated; this could require far more cement than might be expected from economic forecasts of demand for cement. ?? 2009 Springer Japan.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10163-008-0229-x","issn":"14384957","usgsCitation":"Kapur, A., Van Oss, H., Keoleian, G., Kesler, S., and Kendall, A., 2009, The contemporary cement cycle of the United States: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, v. 11, no. 2, p. 155-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-008-0229-x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"165","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215362,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-008-0229-x"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa59e4b08c986b3227e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kapur, A.","contributorId":19390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapur","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Oss, H. G.","contributorId":84581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Oss","given":"H. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keoleian, G.","contributorId":71785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keoleian","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kesler, S.E.","contributorId":42717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kesler","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendall, A.","contributorId":48781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035126,"text":"70035126 - 2009 - Post-fledging movements of juvenile Common Mergansers (mergus merganser) in Alaska as inferred by satellite telemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T14:08:56","indexId":"70035126","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-fledging movements of juvenile Common Mergansers (mergus merganser) in Alaska as inferred by satellite telemetry","docAbstract":"We implanted satellite transmitters into eight juvenile Common Mergansers to investigate post-fledging movements from their natal river in southcentral Alaska. Subsequently, they moved widely throughout portions of western and southcentral Alaska up to 750 km from their natal areas during fall and winter months. Transmitters of two birds (one male and one female) continued to send location data into their second year and allowed us to determine the location and timing of the flightless molt period for each bird. Overall, our data suggest that juvenile Common Mergansers range widely immediately after fledging, that second year males and females may differ in their movement patterns, and that these movements have implications for population genetic structure of this species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/063.032.0116","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J.M., and Petersen, M.R., 2009, Post-fledging movements of juvenile Common Mergansers (mergus merganser) in Alaska as inferred by satellite telemetry: Waterbirds, v. 32, no. 1, p. 133-137, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0116.","startPage":"133","endPage":"137","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215541,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0116"},{"id":243352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e66e4b0c8380cd7a508","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035127,"text":"70035127 - 2009 - Genetic structure of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035127","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic structure of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Genetic relationships among lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) spawning aggregates in Lake Michigan were assessed and used to predict a stock or management unit (MU) model for the resource. We hypothesized that distinct spawning aggregates represented potential MUs and that differences at molecular markers underlie population differentiation. Genetic stock identification using 11 microsatellite loci indicated the presence of six genetic MUs. Resolved MUs corresponded to geographically proximate spawning aggregates clustering into genetic groups. Within MUs, analyses suggested that all but one delineated MU was a stable grouping (i.e., no between-population differences), with the exception being the Hog Island - Traverse Bay grouping. Elk Rapids was the most genetically divergent population within Lake Michigan. However, low F <sub>st</sub> values suggested that moderate to high levels of gene flow occur or have occurred in the past between MUs. Significant tests of isolation by distance and low pairwise F<sub>st</sub> values potentially led to conflicting results between traditional analyses and a Bayesian approach. This data set could provide baseline data from which a comprehensive mixed-stock analysis could be performed, allowing for more efficient and effective management of this economically and socially important resource.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F08-213","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"VanDeHey, J., Sloss, B., Peeters, P.J., and Sutton, T., 2009, Genetic structure of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Lake Michigan: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 66, no. 3, p. 382-393, https://doi.org/10.1139/F08-213.","startPage":"382","endPage":"393","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215085,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F08-213"},{"id":242857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1587e4b0c8380cd54e64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanDeHey, J.A.","contributorId":86193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanDeHey","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sloss, Brian L.","contributorId":9754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloss","given":"Brian L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peeters, Paul J.","contributorId":83351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peeters","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutton, T.M.","contributorId":72193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035131,"text":"70035131 - 2009 - Using nitrate dual isotopic composition (δ15N and δ18O) as a tool for exploring sources and cycling of nitrate in an estuarine system: Elkhorn Slough, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:58:17","indexId":"70035131","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using nitrate dual isotopic composition (δ15N and δ18O) as a tool for exploring sources and cycling of nitrate in an estuarine system: Elkhorn Slough, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nitrate (NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>) concentrations and dual isotopic composition (</span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N and&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O) were measured during various seasons and tidal conditions in Elkhorn Slough to evaluate mixing of sources of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;within this California estuary. We found the isotopic composition of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;was influenced most heavily by mixing of two primary sources with unique isotopic signatures, a marine (Monterey Bay) and terrestrial agricultural runoff source (Old Salinas River). However, our attempt to use a simple two end‐member mixing model to calculate the relative contribution of these two NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;sources to the Slough was complicated by periods of nonconservative behavior and/or the presence of additional sources, particularly during the dry season when NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;concentrations were low. Although multiple linear regression generally yielded good fits to the observed data, deviations from conservative mixing were still evident. After consideration of potential alternative sources, we concluded that deviations from two end‐member mixing were most likely derived from interactions with marsh sediments in regions of the Slough where high rates of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;uptake and nitrification result in NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;with low&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N and high&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O values. A simple steady state dual isotope model is used to illustrate the impact of cycling processes in an estuarine setting which may play a primary role in controlling NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;isotopic composition when and where cycling rates and water residence times are high. This work expands our understanding of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes as biogeochemical tools for investigating NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;sources and cycling in estuaries, emphasizing the role that cycling processes may play in altering isotopic composition.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JG000729","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wankel, S.D., Kendall, C., and Paytan, A., 2009, Using nitrate dual isotopic composition (δ15N and δ18O) as a tool for exploring sources and cycling of nitrate in an estuarine system: Elkhorn Slough, California: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 114, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000729.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215148,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000729"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Elkhorn Slough","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.83151245117186,\n              36.79279036766672\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.83151245117186,\n              36.88071909009633\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.67907714843751,\n              36.88071909009633\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.67907714843751,\n              36.79279036766672\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.83151245117186,\n              36.79279036766672\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc07fe4b08c986b32a168","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wankel, Scott D.","contributorId":98076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wankel","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paytan, Adina","contributorId":75242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"Adina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035133,"text":"70035133 - 2009 - Quality assurance and quality control in light stable isotope laboratories: A case study of Rio Grande, Texas, water samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T07:07:59","indexId":"70035133","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2114,"text":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quality assurance and quality control in light stable isotope laboratories: A case study of Rio Grande, Texas, water samples","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract test\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>New isotope laboratories can achieve the goal of reporting the same isotopic composition within analytical uncertainty for the same material analysed decades apart by (1) writing their own acceptance testing procedures and putting them into their mass spectrometric or laser-based isotope-ratio equipment procurement contract, (2) requiring a manufacturer to demonstrate acceptable performance using all sample ports provided with the instrumentation, (3) for each medium to be analysed, prepare two local reference materials substantially different in isotopic composition to encompass the range in isotopic composition expected in the laboratory and calibrated them with isotopic reference materials available from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) or the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), (4) using the optimum storage containers (for water samples, sealing in glass ampoules that are sterilised after sealing is satisfactory), (5) interspersing among sample unknowns local laboratory isotopic reference materials daily (internationally distributed isotopic reference materials can be ordered at three-year intervals, and can be used for elemental analyser analyses and other analyses that consume less than 1 mg of material) – this process applies to H, C, N, O, and S isotope ratios, (6) calculating isotopic compositions of unknowns by normalising isotopic data to that of local reference materials, which have been calibrated to internationally distributed isotopic reference materials, (7) reporting results on scales normalised to internationally distributed isotopic reference materials (where they are available) and providing to sample submitters the isotopic compositions of internationally distributed isotopic reference materials of the same substance had they been analysed with unknowns, (8) providing an audit trail in the laboratory for analytical results – this trail commonly will be in electronic format and might include a laboratory information management system, (9) making at regular intervals a complete backup of laboratory analytical data (both of samples logged into the laboratory and of mass spectrometric analyses), being sure to store one copy of this backup offsite, and (10) participating in interlaboratory comparison exercises sponsored by the IAEA and other agencies at regular intervals.</p></div></div><div class=\"abstractKeywords\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/10256010902871952","issn":"10256016","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T., and Qi, H., 2009, Quality assurance and quality control in light stable isotope laboratories: A case study of Rio Grande, Texas, water samples: Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, v. 45, no. 2, p. 126-134, https://doi.org/10.1080/10256010902871952.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"134","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215180,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10256010902871952"},{"id":242962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9084e4b0c8380cd7fdad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qi, H.","contributorId":107910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035136,"text":"70035136 - 2009 - Multi-temporal RADARSAT-1 and ERS backscattering signatures of coastal wetlands in southeastern Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T16:09:50","indexId":"70035136","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-temporal RADARSAT-1 and ERS backscattering signatures of coastal wetlands in southeastern Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p>Using multi-temporal European Remote-sensing Satellites (ERS-1/-2) and Canadian Radar Satellite (RADARSAT-1) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data over the Louisiana coastal zone, we characterize seasonal variations of radar backscat-tering according to vegetation type. Our main findings are as follows. First, ERS-1/-2 and RADARSAT-1 require careful radiometric calibration to perform multi-temporal backscattering analysis for wetland mapping. We use SAR backscattering signals from cities for the relative calibration. Second, using seasonally averaged backscattering coefficients from ERS-1/-2 and RADARSAT-1, we can differentiate most forests (bottomland and swamp forests) and marshes (freshwater, intermediate, brackish, and saline marshes) in coastal wetlands. The student t-test results support the usefulness of season-averaged backscatter data for classification. Third, combining SAR backscattering coefficients and an optical-sensor-based normalized difference vegetation index can provide further insight into vegetation type and enhance the separation between forests and marshes. Our study demonstrates that SAR can provide necessary information to characterize coastal wetlands and monitor their changes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.75.5.607","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Kwoun, O., and Lu, Z., 2009, Multi-temporal RADARSAT-1 and ERS backscattering signatures of coastal wetlands in southeastern Louisiana: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 75, no. 5, p. 607-617, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.75.5.607.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"607","endPage":"617","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.75.5.607","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fcce4b0c8380cd71143","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kwoun, Oh-Ig","contributorId":41945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwoun","given":"Oh-Ig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035138,"text":"70035138 - 2009 - Internal tidal currents in the Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035138","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2381,"text":"Journal of Marine Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Internal tidal currents in the Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon","docAbstract":"Data from five separate field experiments during 2000-2006 were used to study the internal tidal flow patterns in the Gaoping (formerly spelled Kaoping) Submarine Canyon. The internal tides are large with maximum interface displacements of about 200??m and maximum velocities of over 100cm/s. They are characterized by a first-mode velocity and density structure with zero crossing at about 100??m depth. In the lower layer, the currents increase with increasing depth. The density interface and the along-channel velocity are approximately 90?? out-of-phase, suggesting a predominant standing wave pattern. However, partial reflection is indicated as there is a consistent phase advance between sea level and density interface along the canyon axis. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Marine Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.011","issn":"09247963","usgsCitation":"Lee, I., Wang, Y.#., Liu, J., Chuang, W., and Xu, J., 2009, Internal tidal currents in the Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon: Journal of Marine Systems, v. 76, no. 4, p. 397-404, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.011.","startPage":"397","endPage":"404","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215242,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.011"},{"id":243031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d30e4b0c8380cd6338e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, I.-H.","contributorId":47601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"I.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Y. #NAME?","contributorId":68475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.T.","contributorId":6682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chuang, W.-S.","contributorId":21364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chuang","given":"W.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xu, J.","contributorId":25324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035142,"text":"70035142 - 2009 - Interpretation of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008, M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Beichuan area, Sichuan Province, China using satellite imagery and Google Earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035142","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpretation of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008, M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Beichuan area, Sichuan Province, China using satellite imagery and Google Earth","docAbstract":"The 12 May 2008 M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the People's Republic of China represented a unique opportunity for the international community to use commonly available GIS (Geographic Information System) tools, like Google Earth (GE), to rapidly evaluate and assess landslide hazards triggered by the destructive earthquake and its aftershocks. In order to map earthquake-triggered landslides, we provide details on the applicability and limitations of publicly available 3-day-post- and pre-earthquake imagery provided by GE from the FORMOSAT-2 (formerly ROCSAT-2; Republic of China Satellite 2). We interpreted landslides on the 8-m-resolution FORMOSAT-2 image by GE; as a result, 257 large landslides were mapped with the highest concentration along the Beichuan fault. An estimated density of 0.3 landslides/km<sup>2</sup> represents a minimum bound on density given the resolution of available imagery; higher resolution data would have identified more landslides. This is a preliminary study, and further study is needed to understand the landslide characteristics in detail. Although it is best to obtain landslide locations and measurements from satellite imagery having high resolution, it was found that GE is an effective and rapid reconnaissance tool. ?? 2009 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10346-009-0147-6","issn":"1612510X","usgsCitation":"Sato, H., and Harp, E.L., 2009, Interpretation of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008, M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Beichuan area, Sichuan Province, China using satellite imagery and Google Earth: Landslides, v. 6, no. 2, p. 153-159, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-009-0147-6.","startPage":"153","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215299,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-009-0147-6"},{"id":243094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d71e4b0c8380cd63593","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sato, H.P.","contributorId":29235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sato","given":"H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harp, E. L.","contributorId":59026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035159,"text":"70035159 - 2009 - Extraction of lidar-based dune-crest elevations for use in examining the vulnerability of beaches to inundation during hurricanes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T11:10:10.775401","indexId":"70035159","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extraction of lidar-based dune-crest elevations for use in examining the vulnerability of beaches to inundation during hurricanes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The morphology of coastal sand dunes plays an important role in determining how a beach will respond to a hurricane. Accurate measurements of dune height and position are essential for assessing the vulnerability of beaches to extreme coastal change during future landfalls. Lidar topographic surveys provide rapid, accurate, high-resolution datasets for identifying the location, position, and morphology of coastal sand dunes over large stretches of coast. An algorithm has been developed for identification of the crest of the most seaward sand dune that defines the landward limit of the beach system. Based on changes in beach slope along cross-shore transects of lidar data, dune elevation and location can automatically be extracted every few meters along the coastline. Dune elevations in conjunction with storm-induced water levels can be used to predict the type of coastal response (e.g., beach erosion, dune erosion, overwash, or inundation) that may be expected during hurricane landfall. The vulnerability of the beach system at Fire Island National Seashore in New York to the most extreme of these changes, inundation, is assessed by comparing lidar-derived dune elevations to modeled wave setup and storm surge height. The vulnerability of the beach system to inundation during landfall of a Category 3 hurricane is shown to be spatially variable because of longshore variations in dune height (mean elevation = 5.44 m, standard deviation = 1.32 m). Hurricane-induced mean water levels exceed dune elevations along 70% of the coastal park, making these locations more vulnerable to inundation during a Category 3 storm.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.2112/SI53-007.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Stockdon, H., Doran, K., and Sallenger, A.H., 2009, Extraction of lidar-based dune-crest elevations for use in examining the vulnerability of beaches to inundation during hurricanes: Journal of Coastal Research, no. Special Issue 53, p. 59-65, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI53-007.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"Special Issue 53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e5ee4b0c8380cd53402","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stockdon, H.F. 0000-0003-0791-4676","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":55992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"H.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doran, K.S. 0000-0001-8050-5727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-5727","contributorId":96497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"K.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sallenger, A. H. Jr.","contributorId":8818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035170,"text":"70035170 - 2009 - Response of Halimeda to ocean acidification: Field and laboratory evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T15:10:56.535215","indexId":"70035170","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1012,"text":"Biogeosciences Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of Halimeda to ocean acidification: Field and laboratory evidence","docAbstract":"Rising atmospheric pCO<sub>2</sub> levels are changing ocean chemistry more dramatically now than in the last 20 million years. In fact, pHvalues of the open ocean have decreased by 0.1 since the 1800s and are predicted to decrease 0.1-0.4 globally in the next 90 years. Ocean acidification will affect fundamental geochemical and biological processes including calcification and carbonate sediment production. The west Florida shelf is a natural laboratory to examine the effects of ocean acidification on aragonite production by calcareous green algae. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of crystal morphology of calcifying organisms reveals ultrastructural details of calcification that occurred at different saturation states. Comparison of archived and recent specimens of calcareous green alga Halimeda spp. from the west Florida shelf, demonstrates crystal changes in shape and abundance over a 40+ year time span. Halimeda crystal data from apical sections indicate that increases in crystal concentration and decreases in crystal width occurred over the last 40+ years. Laboratory experiments using living specimens of Halimeda grown in environments with known pH values were used to constrain historical observations. Percentages of organic and inorganic carbon per sample weight of pooled species did not significantly change. However, individual species showed decreased inorganic carbon and increased organic carbon in more recent samples, although the sample sizes were limited. These results indicate that the effect of increased pCO <sub>2</sub> and decreased pH on calcification is reflected in the crystal morphology of this organism. More data are needed to confirm the observed changes in mass of crystal and organic carbon. ?? Author(s) 2009.","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bgd-6-4895-2009","usgsCitation":"Robbins, L.L., Knorr, P.O., and Hallock, P., 2009, Response of Halimeda to ocean acidification: Field and laboratory evidence: Biogeosciences Discussions, v. 6, no. 3, p. 4895-4918, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-4895-2009.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"4895","endPage":"4918","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-4895-2009","text":"External Repository"},{"id":423273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa18e4b0c8380cd8613c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, L. L.","contributorId":71156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knorr, P. O.","contributorId":103485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knorr","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hallock, P.","contributorId":91263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallock","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}