{"pageNumber":"782","pageRowStart":"19525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46882,"records":[{"id":70199994,"text":"70199994 - 2009 - Short-term effect of cattle exclosures on Columbia Spotted Frog (Rana luteiventris) populations and habitat in northeastern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:48:17","indexId":"70199994","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T09:45:39","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term effect of cattle exclosures on Columbia Spotted Frog (Rana luteiventris) populations and habitat in northeastern Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Livestock grazing is a common land use across the western United States, but concerns have been raised regarding its potential to affect amphibian populations. We studied the short-term effects of full and partial livestock grazing exclosures on&nbsp;</span><i>Rana luteiventris</i><span>&nbsp;(Columbia Spotted Frog) populations using a controlled manipulative field experiment with pre- and posttreatment data (2002–2006). Despite a significant increase in vegetation height within grazing exclosures, we did not find treatment effects for egg mass counts, larval survival, or size at metamorphosis 1–2 years following grazing exclosure installation. Water samples taken in late summer showed concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, and orthophosphate that were low or near detection limits across all ponds and years. The results of this experiment do not support a hypothesis that limiting cattle access to breeding ponds will help conserve&nbsp;</span><i>R. luteiventris</i><span>&nbsp;populations in our study area. Further research is needed to evaluate regional variation and long-term effects of grazing exclosures on&nbsp;</span><i>R. luteiventris</i><span>populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/08-016R2.1","usgsCitation":"Adams, M.J., Pearl, C., McCreary, B., Galvan, S., Wessell, S.J., Wente, W., Anderson, C.W., and Kuehl, A.B., 2009, Short-term effect of cattle exclosures on Columbia Spotted Frog (Rana luteiventris) populations and habitat in northeastern Oregon: Journal of Herpetology, v. 43, no. 1, p. 132-138, https://doi.org/10.1670/08-016R2.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cd72e4b034bf6a7f8b5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearl, Christopher 0000-0003-2943-7321 christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":172669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher","email":"christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCreary, Brome 0000-0002-0313-7796 brome_mccreary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0313-7796","contributorId":3130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCreary","given":"Brome","email":"brome_mccreary@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galvan, Stephanie 0000-0002-9864-3674 stephanie_galvan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-3674","contributorId":3135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galvan","given":"Stephanie","email":"stephanie_galvan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wessell, Stephanie J.","contributorId":208552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wessell","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wente, Wendy","contributorId":60497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wente","given":"Wendy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":140160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kuehl, Allison B.","contributorId":208553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuehl","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70199992,"text":"70199992 - 2009 - A comparison of phase inversion and traveltime tomography for processing near-surface refraction traveltimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T10:03:10","indexId":"70199992","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T09:36:23","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1802,"text":"Geophysical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of phase inversion and traveltime tomography for processing near-surface refraction traveltimes","docAbstract":"<p><span>With phase inversion, one can estimate subsurface velocities using the phases of first-arriving waves, which are the frequency-domain equivalents of the traveltimes. Phase inversion is modified to make it suitable for processing traveltimes from near-surface refraction surveys. The modifications include parameterizing the model, correcting the observed phases, and selecting the complex frequency. This modified phase inversion is compared to traveltime tomography. For two comparisons using computer-simulated traveltimes, the difference between the estimated and correct models, the residual mean, and the residual standard deviation are smaller for the phase inversion than they are for the traveltime tomography. For a comparison using field data from an S-wave refraction survey, both methods estimate models that are consistent with the known geology. Nonetheless, the phase-inversion model includes small-scale features in the bedrock that are geologically plausible; the residual mean and the residual standard deviation are smaller for the phase inversion than they are for the traveltime tomography.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1190/1.3196857","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K.J., 2009, A comparison of phase inversion and traveltime tomography for processing near-surface refraction traveltimes: Geophysical Journal, v. 74, no. 6, p. WCB11-WCB24, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3196857.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"WCB11","endPage":"WCB24","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cd72e4b034bf6a7f8b61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":747656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70199989,"text":"70199989 - 2009 - An ecological risk assessment of the exposure and effects of 2,4-D acid to rainbow trout (<I>Oncorhyncus mykiss</I>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:09:26","indexId":"70199989","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T09:06:17","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An ecological risk assessment of the exposure and effects of 2,4-D acid to rainbow trout (<I>Oncorhyncus mykiss</I>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Numerous state and federal agencies are increasingly concerned with the rapid expansion of invasive, noxious weeds across the United States. Herbicides are frequently applied as weed control measures in forest and rangeland ecosystems that frequently overlap with critical habitats of threatened and endangered fish species. However, there is little published chronic toxicity data for herbicides and fish that can be used to assess ecological risk of herbicides in aquatic environments. We conducted 96-h flowthrough acute and 30-day chronic toxicity studies with swim-up larvae and juvenile rainbow trout (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Onchorhyncus mykiss</i><span>) exposed to the free acid form of 2,4-D. Juvenile rainbow trout were acutely sensitive to 2,4-D acid equivalent at 494&nbsp;mg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 334–668&nbsp;mg/L; 96-h ALC</span><sub>50</sub><span>). Accelerated life-testing procedures, used to estimate chronic mortality from acute data, predicted that a 30-day exposure of juvenile rainbow trout to 2,4-D would result in 1% and 10% mortality at 260 and 343&nbsp;mg/L, respectively. Swim-up larvae were chronically more sensitive than juveniles using growth as the measurement end point. The 30-day lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) of 2,4-D on growth of swim-up larvae was 108&nbsp;mg/L, whereas the 30-day no observable effect concentration (NOEC) was 54&nbsp;mg/L. The 30-day maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) of 2,4-D for rainbow trout, determined as the geometric mean of the NOEC and the LOEC, was 76&nbsp;mg/L. The acute:chronic ratio was 6.5 (i.e., 494/76). We observed no chronic effects on growth of juvenile rainbow trout at the highest concentration tested (108&nbsp;mg/L). Worst-case aquatic exposures to 2,4-D (4&nbsp;mg/L) occur when the herbicide is directly applied to aquatic ecosystems for aquatic weed control and resulted in a 30-day safety factor of 19 based on the MATC for growth (i.e., 76/4). Highest nontarget aquatic exposures to 2,4-D applied following terrestrial use is calculated at 0.136&nbsp;mg/L and resulted in a 30-day safety factor of 559 (e.g., 76/0.163). Assessment of the exposure and response data presented herein indicates that use of 2,4-D acid for invasive weed control in aquatic and terrestrial habitats poses no substantial risk to growth or survival of rainbow trout or other salmonids, including the threatened bull trout (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Salvelinus confluentus</i><span>).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-008-9281-8","usgsCitation":"Fairchild, J., Feltz, K.P., Allert, A., Sappington, L., Nelson, K., and Valle, J., 2009, An ecological risk assessment of the exposure and effects of 2,4-D acid to rainbow trout (<I>Oncorhyncus mykiss</I>): Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 56, no. 4, p. 754-760, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9281-8.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"754","endPage":"760","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cd72e4b034bf6a7f8b65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fairchild, James jfairchild@usgs.gov","contributorId":179147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"James","email":"jfairchild@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":747645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feltz, Kevin P. kfeltz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feltz","given":"Kevin","email":"kfeltz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allert, Ann 0000-0001-7063-8016 aallert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7063-8016","contributorId":178200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allert","given":"Ann","email":"aallert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sappington, L.C.","contributorId":76907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sappington","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, K.J.","contributorId":36957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Valle, J.A.","contributorId":91327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valle","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034920,"text":"70034920 - 2009 - Landscape features, standards, and semantics in U.S. national topographic mapping databases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-02T14:47:15","indexId":"70034920","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Landscape features, standards, and semantics in U.S. national topographic mapping databases","docAbstract":"<p>The objective of this paper is to examine the contrast between local, field-surveyed topographical representation and feature representation in digital, centralized databases and to clarify their ontological implications. The semantics of these two approaches are contrasted by examining the categorization of features by subject domains inherent to national topographic mapping. When comparing five USGS topographic mapping domain and feature lists, results indicate that multiple semantic meanings and ontology rules were applied to the initial digital database, but were lost as databases became more centralized at national scales, and common semantics were replaced by technological terms.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems and Web Services, GEOWS 2009","conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems and Web Services, GEOWS 2009","conferenceDate":"2009-02-01T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Cancun, Mexico","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1109/GEOWS.2009.29","isbn":"9780769535272","usgsCitation":"Varanka, D., 2009, Landscape features, standards, and semantics in U.S. national topographic mapping databases, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1109/GEOWS.2009.29.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215765,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GEOWS.2009.29"},{"id":243589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4410e4b0c8380cd66815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varanka, Dalia","contributorId":99654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varanka","given":"Dalia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036778,"text":"70036778 - 2009 - Mathematical modelling of anisotropy of illite-rich shale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:59","indexId":"70036778","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mathematical modelling of anisotropy of illite-rich shale","docAbstract":"The estimation of illite-rich shale anisotropy to account for the alignment of clays and gas- or brine-filled cracks is presented via mathematical modelling. Such estimation requires analysis to interpret the dominance of one effect over another. This knowledge can help to evaluate the permeability in the unconventional reservoir, stress orientation, and the seal capacity for the conventional reservoir. Effective media modelling is used to predict the elastic properties of the illite-rich shale and to identify the dominant contributions to the shale anisotropy. We consider two principal reasons of the shale anisotropy: orientation of clay platelets and orientation of fluid-filled cracks. In reality, both of these two factors affect the shale anisotropy. The goal of this study is, first, to separately analyse the effect of these two factors to reveal the specific features in P- and S-wave velocity behaviour typical of each of the factors, and, then, consider a combined effect of the factors when the cracks are horizontally or vertically aligned. To do this, we construct four models of shale. The behaviour of P- and S-wave velocities is analysed when gas- and water-filled cracks embedded in a host matrix are randomly oriented, or horizontally or vertically aligned. The host matrix can be either isotropic or anisotropic (of VTI symmetry). In such a modelling, we use published data on mineralogy and clay platelet alignment along with other micromechanical measurements. In the model, where the host matrix is isotropic, the presence of a singularity point (when the difference V<sub>S1</sub> - V<sub>S2</sub> changes its sign) in shear wave velocities is an indicator of brine-filled aligned cracks. In the model with the VTI host matrix and horizontally aligned cracks filled with gas, an increase in their volume concentration leads to that the azimuth at which the singularity is observed moves toward the symmetry axis. In this case, if the clay content is small (around 20 per cent), the singularity point may even vanish. The Thomsen parameters are helpful in fluid type indication in shale. An indicator of gas-filled aligned cracks is ?? &gt; ??. If aligned cracks in illite-rich shale are brine-filled, ?? &lt; ??. Negative value of ?? indicates brine-filled cracks in illite-rich shale. A shale with brine-filled cracks exhibits higher V<sub>p</sub>/V<sub>s</sub> ratio in the vertical direction as compared to the gas-filled shale. A disorientation of clay platelets and brine-filled cracks may lead to that the singularity point is absent for brine-saturated shale as well. In this case one can also observe ?? &gt; ?? and decreased values of V<sub>p</sub>/V<sub>s</sub> in the vertical direction as in the case of gas-filled cracks. In the presence of vertically aligned cracks, shales exhibit distinctly revealed features of orthorhombic symmetry. The results have important applications where seismic measurements are applied to predict the maturity state of the shale. ?? 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2009 RAS.","largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04244.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Chesnokov, E., Tiwary, D., Bayuk, I., Sparkman, M., and Brown, R., 2009, Mathematical modelling of anisotropy of illite-rich shale, <i>in</i> Geophysical Journal International, v. 178, no. 3, p. 1625-1648, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04244.x.","startPage":"1625","endPage":"1648","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476254,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04244.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04244.x"},{"id":245705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a528ae4b0c8380cd6c4bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chesnokov, E.M.","contributorId":69823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesnokov","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiwary, D.K.","contributorId":54827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiwary","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bayuk, I.O.","contributorId":44393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayuk","given":"I.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sparkman, M.A.","contributorId":28463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparkman","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, R.L.","contributorId":107014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032243,"text":"70032243 - 2009 - A test and re-estimation of Taylor's empirical capacity-reserve relationship","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70032243","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A test and re-estimation of Taylor's empirical capacity-reserve relationship","docAbstract":"In 1977, Taylor proposed a constant elasticity model relating capacity choice in mines to reserves. A test of this model using a very large (n = 1,195) dataset confirms its validity but obtains significantly different estimated values for the model coefficients. Capacity is somewhat inelastic with respect to reserves, with an elasticity of 0.65 estimated for open-pit plus block-cave underground mines and 0.56 for all other underground mines. These new estimates should be useful for capacity determinations as scoping studies and as a starting point for feasibility studies. The results are robust over a wide range of deposit types, deposit sizes, and time, consistent with physical constraints on mine capacity that are largely independent of technology. ?? 2009 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-009-9088-y","issn":"15207","usgsCitation":"Long, K.R., 2009, A test and re-estimation of Taylor's empirical capacity-reserve relationship: Natural Resources Research, v. 18, no. 1, p. 57-63, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-009-9088-y.","startPage":"57","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215069,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-009-9088-y"},{"id":242839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5f6e4b0c8380cd4706c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, K. R.","contributorId":94658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032274,"text":"70032274 - 2009 - Instability of seawater pH in the South China Sea during the mid-late Holocene: Evidence from boron isotopic composition of corals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70032274","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Instability of seawater pH in the South China Sea during the mid-late Holocene: Evidence from boron isotopic composition of corals","docAbstract":"We used positive thermal ionization mass spectrometry (PTIMS) to generate high precision ??11B records in Porites corals of the mid-late Holocene from the South China Sea (SCS). The ??11B values of the Holocene corals vary significantly, ranging from 22.2??? to 25.5???. The paleo-pH records of the SCS, reconstructed from the ??11B data, were not stable as previously thought but show a gradual increase from the Holocene thermal optimal and a sharp decrease to modern values. The latter is likely caused by the large amount of anthropogenic CO2 emissions since the Industrial Revolution but variations of atmospheric pCO2 cannot explain the pH change of the SCS before the Industrial Revolution. We suggest that variations of monsoon intensity during the mid-late Holocene may have driven the sea surface pH increase from the mid to late Holocene. Results of this study indicate that the impact of anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 emissions may have reversed the natural pH trend in the SCS since the mid-Holocene. Such ocean pH records in the current interglacial period can help us better understand the physical and biological controls on ocean pH and possibly predict the long-term impact of climate change on future ocean acidification. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.034","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Liu, Y., Liu, W., Peng, Z., Xiao, Y., Wei, G., Sun, W., He, J., Liu, G., and Chou, C.L., 2009, Instability of seawater pH in the South China Sea during the mid-late Holocene: Evidence from boron isotopic composition of corals: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 5, p. 1264-1272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.034.","startPage":"1264","endPage":"1272","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215071,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.034"},{"id":242841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c25e4b0c8380cd62aea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Yajing","contributorId":16553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Yajing","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, W.","contributorId":79250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peng, Z.","contributorId":95598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xiao, Y.","contributorId":71406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wei, G.","contributorId":105415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sun, W.","contributorId":69692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"He, J.","contributorId":95993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70032305,"text":"70032305 - 2009 - USGS: Science at the intersection of land and ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70032305","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3363,"text":"Sea Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS: Science at the intersection of land and ocean","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey (USGS) conducts an ongoing national assessment of coastal change hazards in order to help protect lives and support management of coastal infrastructure and resources. The research group rapidly gathers to investigate coastal changes along the Gulf Coast's sandy beaches after each hurricane to examine the magnitude and variability of impacts. This investigation helps to protect the environment and the American people by preparing maps that show the extreme coastal change. It also posts online video and still photography and LIDAR (light detection and ranging) survey data after each storm, to provide a clear picture of the devastated area. The USGS provides data to understand changing coastal vulnerabilities so that informed decisions can be made to protect disaster affected areas and its resources. Earth scientists in the USGS are learning more about coastal dynamics, determining changes, and improving the ability to forecast how coastal environments will respond to the next storm.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sea Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00933","usgsCitation":"Myers, M., 2009, USGS: Science at the intersection of land and ocean: Sea Technology, v. 50, no. 1, p. 18-21.","startPage":"18","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbf3e4b08c986b32891d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, M.D.","contributorId":82539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032308,"text":"70032308 - 2009 - Short- and long-term response of deteriorating brackish marshes and open-water ponds to sediment enhancement by thin-layer dredge disposal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70032308","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short- and long-term response of deteriorating brackish marshes and open-water ponds to sediment enhancement by thin-layer dredge disposal","docAbstract":"Artificial sediment enhancement using a thin layer of dredged material has been suggested as a means to increase elevation and create soil conditions conducive to increased marsh structure and function in deteriorating marshes. Using a chronosequence approach, we examined the effects of sediment enhancement in deteriorating marsh and open-water pond habitats located in six brackish marshes. Sediment enhancement of both marsh and interior pond sites had significant, immediate, and long-lasting effects on physical soil properties and nutrient status with increased bulk density and inorganic nitrogen. Vegetative cover and productivity response were minimal for deteriorating vegetated marshes with the short-term response data showing no significant impact of sediment enhancement and long-term trends indicating decreasing productivity over time. In contrast, trajectory models of vegetative cover and productivity in interior pond sites showed increases over time indicating that, for restoration of interior ponds, sediment enhancement may prove valuable. The use of trajectory models emphasizes the need for long-term monitoring to determine restoration success of projects. ?? 2008 U.S. Government.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12237-008-9126-8","issn":"15592","usgsCitation":"La Peyre, M., Gossman, B., and Piazza, B.P., 2009, Short- and long-term response of deteriorating brackish marshes and open-water ponds to sediment enhancement by thin-layer dredge disposal: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 32, no. 2, p. 390-402, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9126-8.","startPage":"390","endPage":"402","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214634,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9126-8"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ea8e4b08c986b318a7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Peyre, M.K. 0000-0001-9936-2252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":102239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gossman, B.","contributorId":47163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gossman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piazza, Bryan P.","contributorId":11022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piazza","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032310,"text":"70032310 - 2009 - The use of local indicators of spatial association to improve LiDAR-derived predictions of potential amphibian breeding ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70032310","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2305,"text":"Journal of Geographical Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of local indicators of spatial association to improve LiDAR-derived predictions of potential amphibian breeding ponds","docAbstract":"We examined whether spatially explicit information improved models that use LiDAR return signal intensity to discriminate in-pond habitat from terrestrial habitat at 24 amphibian breeding ponds. The addition of Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to LiDAR return intensity data significantly improved predictive models at all ponds, reduced residual error by as much as 74%, and appeared to improve models by reducing classification errors associated with types of in-pond vegetation. We conclude that LISA statistics can help maximize the information content that can be extracted from time resolved LiDAR return data in models that predict the occurrence of small, seasonal ponds. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geographical Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10109-008-0074-4","issn":"14355","usgsCitation":"Julian, J., Young, J., Jones, J.W., Snyder, C., and Wright, C.W., 2009, The use of local indicators of spatial association to improve LiDAR-derived predictions of potential amphibian breeding ponds: Journal of Geographical Systems, v. 11, no. 1, p. 89-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-008-0074-4.","startPage":"89","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214636,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10109-008-0074-4"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb18be4b08c986b32532d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Julian, J.T.","contributorId":106686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, J.A. 0000-0002-4500-3673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":37674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, J. W.","contributorId":89233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, C.D.","contributorId":73540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032335,"text":"70032335 - 2009 - Simulated dynamics of carbon stocks driven by changes in land use, management and climate in a tropical moist ecosystem of Ghana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T11:25:35","indexId":"70032335","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated dynamics of carbon stocks driven by changes in land use, management and climate in a tropical moist ecosystem of Ghana","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sub-Saharan Africa is large and diverse with regions of food insecurity and high vulnerability to climate change. This project quantifies carbon stocks and fluxes in the humid forest zone of Ghana, as a part of an assessment in West Africa. The General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) was used to simulate the responses of natural and managed systems to projected scenarios of changes in climate, land use and cover, and nitrogen fertilization in the Assin district of Ghana. Model inputs included historical land use and cover data, historical climate records and projected climate changes, and national management inventories. Our results show that deforestation for crop production led to a loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) by 33% from 1900 to 2000. The results also show that the trend of carbon emissions from cropland in the 20th century will continue through the 21st century and will be increased under the projected warming and drying scenarios. Nitrogen (N) fertilization in agricultural systems could offset SOC loss by 6% with 30&nbsp;kg&nbsp;N&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>−1</sup><span> and by 11% with 60&nbsp;kg&nbsp;N&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. To increase N fertilizer input would be one of the vital adaptive measures to ensure food security and maintain agricultural sustainability through the 21st century.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.004","issn":"01678","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., Liu, S., Tieszen, L., and Tachie-Obeng, E., 2009, Simulated dynamics of carbon stocks driven by changes in land use, management and climate in a tropical moist ecosystem of Ghana: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 130, no. 3-4, p. 171-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.004.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.004"}],"volume":"130","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f8ce4b08c986b318fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, Z.","contributorId":60831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tachie-Obeng, E.","contributorId":82550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tachie-Obeng","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032398,"text":"70032398 - 2009 - Post-breeding season distribution of black-footed and Laysan albatrosses satellite-tagged in Alaska: Inter-specific differences in spatial overlap with North Pacific fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032398","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-breeding season distribution of black-footed and Laysan albatrosses satellite-tagged in Alaska: Inter-specific differences in spatial overlap with North Pacific fisheries","docAbstract":"We integrated satellite-tracking data from black-footed albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes; n = 7) and Laysan albatrosses captured in Alaska (Phoebastria immutabilis; n = 18) with data on fishing effort and distribution from commercial fisheries in the North Pacific in order to assess potential risk from bycatch. Albatrosses were satellite-tagged at-sea in the Central Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and tracked during the post-breeding season, July-October 2005 and 2006. In Alaskan waters, fishing effort occurred almost exclusively within continental shelf and slope waters. Potential fishery interaction for black-footed albatrosses, which most often frequented shelf-slope waters, was greatest with sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) longline and pot fisheries and with the Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepsis) longline fishery. In contrast, Laysan albatrosses spent as much time over oceanic waters beyond the continental shelf and slope, thereby overlapping less with fisheries in Alaska than black-footed albatrosses. Regionally, Laysan albatrosses had the greatest potential fishery interaction with the Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius) trawl fishery in the Western Aleutian Islands and the sablefish pot fishery in the Central Aleutian Islands. Black-footed albatrosses ranged further beyond Alaskan waters than Laysan albatrosses, overlapping west coast Canada fisheries and pelagic longline fisheries in the subarctic transition domain; Laysan albatrosses remained north of these pelagic fisheries. Due to inter-specific differences in oceanic distribution and habitat use, the overlap of fisheries with the post-breeding distribution of black-footed albatrosses is greater than that for Laysan albatrosses, highlighting inter-specific differences in potential vulnerability to bycatch and risk of population-level impacts from fisheries. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2008.12.007","issn":"00063","usgsCitation":"Fischer, K., Suryan, R., Roby, D., and Balogh, G., 2009, Post-breeding season distribution of black-footed and Laysan albatrosses satellite-tagged in Alaska: Inter-specific differences in spatial overlap with North Pacific fisheries: Biological Conservation, v. 142, no. 4, p. 751-760, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.12.007.","startPage":"751","endPage":"760","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213939,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.12.007"}],"volume":"142","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e59e4b0c8380cd7a4ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, K.N.","contributorId":32360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"K.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suryan, R.M.","contributorId":52919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roby, D.D. 0000-0001-9844-0992","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":70944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Balogh, G.R.","contributorId":74349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balogh","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032424,"text":"70032424 - 2009 - Mapping of hazard from rainfall-triggered landslides in developing countries: Examples from Honduras and Micronesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032424","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping of hazard from rainfall-triggered landslides in developing countries: Examples from Honduras and Micronesia","docAbstract":"Loss of life and property caused by landslides triggered by extreme rainfall events demonstrates the need for landslide-hazard assessment in developing countries where recovery from such events often exceeds the country's resources. Mapping landslide hazards in developing countries where the need for landslide-hazard mitigation is great but the resources are few is a challenging, but not intractable problem. The minimum requirements for constructing a physically based landslide-hazard map from a landslide-triggering storm, using the simple methods we discuss, are: (1) an accurate mapped landslide inventory, (2) a slope map derived from a digital elevation model (DEM) or topographic map, and (3) material strength properties of the slopes involved. Provided that the landslide distribution from a triggering event can be documented and mapped, it is often possible to glean enough topographic and geologic information from existing databases to produce a reliable map that depicts landslide hazards from an extreme event. Most areas of the world have enough topographic information to provide digital elevation models from which to construct slope maps. In the likely event that engineering properties of slope materials are not available, reasonable estimates can be made with detailed field examination by engineering geologists or geotechnical engineers. Resulting landslide hazard maps can be used as tools to guide relocation and redevelopment, or, more likely, temporary relocation efforts during severe storm events such as hurricanes/typhoons to minimize loss of life and property. We illustrate these methods in two case studies of lethal landslides in developing countries: Tegucigalpa, Honduras (during Hurricane Mitch in 1998) and the Chuuk Islands, Micronesia (during Typhoon Chata'an in 2002).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.11.010","issn":"00137","usgsCitation":"Harp, E.L., Reid, M., McKenna, J., and Michael, J.A., 2009, Mapping of hazard from rainfall-triggered landslides in developing countries: Examples from Honduras and Micronesia: Engineering Geology, v. 104, no. 3-4, p. 295-311, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.11.010.","startPage":"295","endPage":"311","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213878,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.11.010"},{"id":241544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5068e4b0c8380cd6b692","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harp, E. L.","contributorId":59026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, M.E.","contributorId":108130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKenna, J.P.","contributorId":24543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, J. A.","contributorId":48567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032425,"text":"70032425 - 2009 - Groundwater's significance to changing hydrology, water chemistry, and biological communities of a floodplain ecosystem, Everglades, South Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032425","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater's significance to changing hydrology, water chemistry, and biological communities of a floodplain ecosystem, Everglades, South Florida, USA","docAbstract":"The Everglades (Florida, USA) is one of the world's larger subtropical peatlands with biological communities adapted to waters low in total dissolved solids and nutrients. Detecting how the pre-drainage hydrological system has been altered is crucial to preserving its functional attributes. However, reliable tools for hindcasting historic conditions in the Everglades are limited. A recent synthesis demonstrates that the proportion of surface-water inflows has increased relative to precipitation, accounting for 33% of total inputs compared with 18% historically. The largest new source of water is canal drainage from areas of former wetlands converted to agriculture. Interactions between groundwater and surface water have also increased, due to increasing vertical hydraulic gradients resulting from topographic and water-level alterations on the otherwise extremely flat landscape. Environmental solute tracer data were used to determine groundwater's changing role, from a freshwater storage reservoir that sustained the Everglades ecosystem during dry periods to a reservoir of increasingly degraded water quality. Although some of this degradation is attributable to increased discharge of deep saline groundwater, other mineral sources such as fertilizer additives and peat oxidation have made a greater contribution to water-quality changes that are altering mineral-sensitive biological communities. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-008-0379-x","issn":"14312","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., and McCormick, P., 2009, Groundwater's significance to changing hydrology, water chemistry, and biological communities of a floodplain ecosystem, Everglades, South Florida, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 17, no. 1, p. 185-201, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0379-x.","startPage":"185","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476265,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0379-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213879,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0379-x"},{"id":241545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dc4e4b0c8380cd5c004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, P.V.","contributorId":93272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032457,"text":"70032457 - 2009 - Case study of a full-scale evapotranspiration cover","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T09:47:52","indexId":"70032457","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Case study of a full-scale evapotranspiration cover","docAbstract":"<div class=\"NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1 hlFld-Abstract\"><p>The design, construction, and performance analyses of a 6.1ha evapotranspiration (ET) landfill cover at the semiarid U.S. Army Fort Carson site, near Colorado Springs, Colo. are presented. Initial water-balance model simulations, using literature reported soil hydraulic data, aided selection of borrow-source soil type(s) that resulted in predictions of negligible annual drainage (⩽1mm∕year). Final construction design was based on refined water-balance simulations using laboratory determined soil hydraulic values from borrow area natural soil horizons that were described with USDA soil classification methods. Cover design components included a 122cm thick clay loam (USDA), compaction ⩽80% of the standard Proctor maximum dry density (dry bulk density ∼1.3Mg/m3), erosion control measures, top soil amended with biosolids, and seeding with native grasses. Favorable hydrologic performance for a 5year period was documented by lysimeter-measured and Richards’-based calculations of annual drainage that were all &lt;0.4mm∕year. Water potential data suggest that ET removed water that infiltrated the cover and contributed to a persistent driving force for upward flow and removal of water from below the base of the cover.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2009)135:3(316)","usgsCitation":"McGuire, P.E., Andraski, B.J., and Archibald, R.E., 2009, Case study of a full-scale evapotranspiration cover: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 135, no. 3, p. 316-332, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2009)135:3(316).","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"316","endPage":"332","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f38ce4b0c8380cd4b88a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, Patrick E.","contributorId":71008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGuire","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Archibald, Ryan E.","contributorId":27277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Archibald","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032458,"text":"70032458 - 2009 - Turbulent stresses and secondary currents in a tidal-forced channel with significant curvature and asymmetric bed forms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T17:29:25.087434","indexId":"70032458","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turbulent stresses and secondary currents in a tidal-forced channel with significant curvature and asymmetric bed forms","docAbstract":"<div class=\"NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1 hlFld-Abstract\"><p>Acoustic Doppler current profilers are deployed to measure both the mean flow and turbulent properties in a channel with significant curvature. Direct measurements of the Reynolds stress show a significant asymmetry over the tidal cycle where stresses are enhanced during the flood tide and less prominent over the ebb tide. This asymmetry is corroborated by logarithmic fits using<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mn>10</mn><mspace width=&quot;0.3em&quot; /><mi>min</mi></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mn\">10</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mi\">min</span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">10min</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>averaged velocity data. A smaller yet similar tendency asymmetry in drag coefficient is inferred by fitting the velocity and estimated large-scale pressure gradient to a one-dimensional along-channel momentum balance. This smaller asymmetry is consistent with recent modeling work simulating regional flows in the vicinity of the study site. The asymmetry in drag suggests the importance of previously reported bed forms for this channel and demonstrates spatial and temporarily variations in bed stress. Secondary circulation patterns observed in a relatively straight section of channel appear driven by local curvature rather than being remotely forced by the regions of significant curvature only a few hundred meters from the measurement site.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2009)135:3(198)","usgsCitation":"Fong, D., Monismith, S., Stacey, M., and Burau, J., 2009, Turbulent stresses and secondary currents in a tidal-forced channel with significant curvature and asymmetric bed forms: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 135, no. 3, p. 198-208, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2009)135:3(198).","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"198","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8f4e4b08c986b327b3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fong, D.A.","contributorId":27624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stacey, M.T.","contributorId":82874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burau, J.R. 0000-0002-5196-5035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":7307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032459,"text":"70032459 - 2009 - Titan's surface at 2.2-cm wavelength imaged by the Cassini RADAR radiometer: Calibration and first results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032459","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Titan's surface at 2.2-cm wavelength imaged by the Cassini RADAR radiometer: Calibration and first results","docAbstract":"The first comprehensive calibration and mapping of the thermal microwave emission from Titan's surface is reported based on radiometric data obtained at 2.2-cm wavelength by the passive radiometer included in the Cassini Radar instrument. The data reported were accumulated from 69 separate observational segments in Titan passes from Ta (October 2004) through T30 (May 2007) and include emission from 94% of Titan's surface. They are diverse in the key observing parameters of emission angle, polarization, and spatial resolution, and their reduction into calibrated global mosaic maps involved several steps. Analysis of the polarimetry obtained at low to moderate resolution (50+ km) enabled integration of the radiometry into a single mosaic of the equivalent brightness temperature at normal incidence with a relative precision of about 1 K. The Huygens probe measurement of Titan's surface temperature and radiometry obtained on Titan's dune fields allowed us to infer an absolute calibration estimated to be accurate to a level approaching 1 K. The results provide evidence for a surface that is complex and varied on large scales. The radiometry primarily constrains physical properties of the surface, where we see strong evidence for subsurface (volume) scattering as a dominant mechanism that determines the emissivity, with the possibility of a fluffy or graded-density surface layer in many regions. The results are consistent with, but not necessarily definitive of a surface composition resulting from the slow deposition and processing of organic compounds from the atmosphere. ?? 2008 Elsevier Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2008.10.017","issn":"00191","usgsCitation":"Janssen, M., Lorenz, R.D., West, R., Paganelli, F., Lopes, R., Kirk, R.L., Elachi, C., Wall, S.D., Johnson, W., Anderson, Y., Boehmer, R., Callahan, P., Gim, Y., Hamilton, G., Kelleher, K., Roth, L., Stiles, B., and Le, G.A., 2009, Titan's surface at 2.2-cm wavelength imaged by the Cassini RADAR radiometer: Calibration and first results: Icarus, v. 200, no. 1, p. 222-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.10.017.","startPage":"222","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213882,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.10.017"},{"id":241548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"200","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb41de4b08c986b3261b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janssen, M.A.","contributorId":28345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, R. D.","contributorId":90441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"West, R.","contributorId":26996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paganelli, F.","contributorId":17353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paganelli","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lopes, R.M.","contributorId":56444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kirk, R. L.","contributorId":94698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elachi, C.","contributorId":104606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elachi","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wall, S. D.","contributorId":86468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wall","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, W.T.K.","contributorId":27174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Anderson, Y.","contributorId":60369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Boehmer, R.A.","contributorId":59254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehmer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Callahan, P.","contributorId":22889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callahan","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gim, Y.","contributorId":14934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gim","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hamilton, G.A.","contributorId":88963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Kelleher, K.D.","contributorId":67739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelleher","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Roth, L.","contributorId":70978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Stiles, B.","contributorId":59547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiles","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Le, Gall A.","contributorId":36764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le","given":"Gall","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70032494,"text":"70032494 - 2009 - Effects of spatial heterogeneity on butterfly species richness in Rocky Mountain National Park, CO, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032494","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of spatial heterogeneity on butterfly species richness in Rocky Mountain National Park, CO, USA","docAbstract":"We investigated butterfly responses to plot-level characteristics (plant species richness, vegetation height, and range in NDVI [normalized difference vegetation index]) and spatial heterogeneity in topography and landscape patterns (composition and configuration) at multiple spatial scales. Stratified random sampling was used to collect data on butterfly species richness from seventy-six 20 ?? 50 m plots. The plant species richness and average vegetation height data were collected from 76 modified-Whittaker plots overlaid on 76 butterfly plots. Spatial heterogeneity around sample plots was quantified by measuring topographic variables and landscape metrics at eight spatial extents (radii of 300, 600 to 2,400 m). The number of butterfly species recorded was strongly positively correlated with plant species richness, proportion of shrubland and mean patch size of shrubland. Patterns in butterfly species richness were negatively correlated with other variables including mean patch size, average vegetation height, elevation, and range in NDVI. The best predictive model selected using Akaike's Information Criterion corrected for small sample size (AICc), explained 62% of the variation in butterfly species richness at the 2,100 m spatial extent. Average vegetation height and mean patch size were among the best predictors of butterfly species richness. The models that included plot-level information and topographic variables explained relatively less variation in butterfly species richness, and were improved significantly after including landscape metrics. Our results suggest that spatial heterogeneity greatly influences patterns in butterfly species richness, and that it should be explicitly considered in conservation and management actions. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biodiversity and Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10531-008-9536-8","issn":"09603","usgsCitation":"Kumar, S., Simonson, S., and Stohlgren, T., 2009, Effects of spatial heterogeneity on butterfly species richness in Rocky Mountain National Park, CO, USA: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 18, no. 3, p. 739-763, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9536-8.","startPage":"739","endPage":"763","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213942,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9536-8"},{"id":241618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07d5e4b0c8380cd51872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kumar, S.","contributorId":89843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simonson, S.E.","contributorId":78695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonson","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032495,"text":"70032495 - 2009 - Estimating survival of precocial chicks during the prefledging period using a catch-curve analysis and count-based age-class data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032495","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating survival of precocial chicks during the prefledging period using a catch-curve analysis and count-based age-class data","docAbstract":"Estimating reproductive success for birds with precocial young can be difficult because chicks leave nests soon after hatching and individuals or broods can be difficult to track. Researchers often turn to estimating survival during the prefledging period and, though effective, mark-recapture based approaches are not always feasible due to cost, time, and animal welfare concerns. Using a threatened population of Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) that breeds along the Missouri River, we present an approach for estimating chick survival during the prefledging period using long-term (1993-2005), count-based, age-class data. We used a modified catch-curve analysis, and data collected during three 5-day sampling periods near the middle of the breeding season. The approach has several ecological and statistical assumptions and our analyses were designed to minimize the probability of violating those assumptions. For example, limiting the sampling periods to only 5 days gave reasonable assurance that population size was stable during the sampling period. Annual daily survival estimates ranged from 0.825 (SD = 0.03) to 0.931 (0.02) depending on year and sampling period, with these estimates assuming constant survival during the prefledging period and no change in the age structure of the population. The average probability of survival to fledging ranged from 0.126 to 0.188. Our results are similar to other published estimates for this species in similar habitats. This method of estimating chick survival may be useful for a variety of precocial bird species when mark-recapture methods are not feasible and only count-based age class data are available. ?? 2009 Association of Field Ornithologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00207.x","issn":"02738","usgsCitation":"McGowan, C., Millspaugh, J., Ryan, M., Kruse, C., and Pavelka, G., 2009, Estimating survival of precocial chicks during the prefledging period using a catch-curve analysis and count-based age-class data: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 80, no. 1, p. 79-87, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00207.x.","startPage":"79","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213943,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00207.x"},{"id":241619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b4ee4b0c8380cd5267b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGowan, C.P.","contributorId":19760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millspaugh, J.J.","contributorId":99105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, M.R.","contributorId":92198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kruse, C.D.","contributorId":68120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pavelka, G.","contributorId":24579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavelka","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032525,"text":"70032525 - 2009 - Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-02T11:06:13","indexId":"70032525","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction","docAbstract":"Two statistics are presented that can be used to rank input parameters utilized by a model in terms of their relative identifiability based on a given or possible future calibration dataset. Identifiability is defined here as the capability of model calibration to constrain parameters used by a model. Both statistics require that the sensitivity of each model parameter be calculated for each model output for which there are actual or presumed field measurements. Singular value decomposition (SVD) of the weighted sensitivity matrix is then undertaken to quantify the relation between the parameters and observations that, in turn, allows selection of calibration solution and null spaces spanned by unit orthogonal vectors. The first statistic presented, \"parameter identifiability\", is quantitatively defined as the direction cosine between a parameter and its projection onto the calibration solution space. This varies between zero and one, with zero indicating complete non-identifiability and one indicating complete identifiability. The second statistic, \"relative error reduction\", indicates the extent to which the calibration process reduces error in estimation of a parameter from its pre-calibration level where its value must be assigned purely on the basis of prior expert knowledge. This is more sophisticated than identifiability, in that it takes greater account of the noise associated with the calibration dataset. Like identifiability, it has a maximum value of one (which can only be achieved if there is no measurement noise). Conceptually it can fall to zero; and even below zero if a calibration problem is poorly posed. An example, based on a coupled groundwater/surface-water model, is included that demonstrates the utility of the statistics. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.018","issn":"00221","usgsCitation":"Doherty, J., and Hunt, R.J., 2009, Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction: Journal of Hydrology, v. 366, no. 1-4, p. 119-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.018.","startPage":"119","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213886,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.018"},{"id":241553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"366","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb989e4b08c986b327c4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doherty, John","contributorId":43843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032557,"text":"70032557 - 2009 - Evaluating the validity of using unverified indices of body condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-14T13:38:29","indexId":"70032557","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the validity of using unverified indices of body condition","docAbstract":"<p><span>Condition indices are commonly used in an attempt to link body condition of birds to ecological variables of interest, including demographic attributes such as survival and reproduction. Most indices are based on body mass adjusted for structural body size, calculated as simple ratios or residuals from regressions. However, condition indices are often applied without confirming their predictive value (i.e., without being validated against measured values of fat and protein), which we term ‘unverified’ use. We evaluated the ability of a number of unverified indices frequently found in the literature to predict absolute and proportional levels of fat and protein across five species of waterfowl. Among indices we considered, those accounting for body size never predicted absolute protein more precisely than body mass, however, some indices improved predictability of fat, although the form of the best index varied by species. Further, the gain in precision by using a condition index to predict either absolute or percent fat was minimal (rise in r</span><sup>2</sup><span>≤0.13), and in many cases model fit was actually reduced. Our data agrees with previous assertions that the assumption that indices provide more precise indicators of body condition than body mass alone is often invalid. We strongly discourage the use of unverified indices, because subjectively selecting indices likely does little to improve precision and might in fact decrease predictability relative to using body mass alone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04462.x","issn":"09088","usgsCitation":"Schamber, J., Esler, D., and Flint, P.L., 2009, Evaluating the validity of using unverified indices of body condition: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 40, no. 1, p. 49-56, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04462.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213823,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04462.x"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c01e4b0c8380cd529c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schamber, J.L.","contributorId":92012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schamber","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032563,"text":"70032563 - 2009 - Emissions from the copper-nickel industry on the Kola Peninsula and at Noril'sk, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032563","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emissions from the copper-nickel industry on the Kola Peninsula and at Noril'sk, Russia","docAbstract":"Published estimates for base metal emissions from the copper-nickel industry on the Kola Peninsula are re-examined in the light of (a) chemical data on the composition of the ores; (b) official emission figures for 1994; and (c) modelled emissions based on dry and wet deposition estimates derived from data for snow and rain samples collected in 1994. The modelled emissions, official emission figures and chemical data are mutually compatible for Ni, Cu and Co and show that previously published figures underestimated the emissions of the major elements, Ni and Cu (though within the same order of magnitude) and overestimated the emissions of As, Pb, Sb and Zn by up to several orders of magnitude, in some cases exceeding the calculated total input to the plants. Published estimates have neglected information on the nature and chemistry of the ores processed in metallurgical industries in the Noril'sk area of Siberia and the Urals. Revised emission estimates for 1994, using knowledge of the chemistry of the ores, are proposed: taken with published information on total emissions up to 2000 these data give an indication of emission levels in more recent years. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.003","issn":"13522","usgsCitation":"Boyd, R., Barnes, S., De Caritat, P., Chekushin, V., Melezhik, V., Reimann, C., and Zientek, M.L., 2009, Emissions from the copper-nickel industry on the Kola Peninsula and at Noril'sk, Russia: Atmospheric Environment, v. 43, no. 7, p. 1474-1480, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.003.","startPage":"1474","endPage":"1480","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213915,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.003"},{"id":241587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08ffe4b0c8380cd51d56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Ron","contributorId":54737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyd","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, S.-J.","contributorId":95631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"S.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Caritat, P.","contributorId":49616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Caritat","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chekushin, V.A.","contributorId":73021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chekushin","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melezhik, V.A.","contributorId":41227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melezhik","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reimann, C.","contributorId":23669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimann","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zientek, M. L.","contributorId":6118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032627,"text":"70032627 - 2009 - Thallium isotope evidence for a permanent increase in marine organic carbon export in the early Eocene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032627","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thallium isotope evidence for a permanent increase in marine organic carbon export in the early Eocene","docAbstract":"The first high resolution thallium (Tl) isotope records in two ferromanganese crusts (Fe-Mn crusts), CD29 and D11 from the Pacific Ocean are presented. The crusts record pronounced but systematic changes in 205Tl/203Tl that are unlikely to reflect diagenetic overprinting or changes in isotope fractionation between seawater and Fe-Mn crusts. It appears more likely that the Fe-Mn crusts track the Tl isotope composition of seawater over time. The present-day oceanic residence time of Tl is estimated to be about 20,000??yr, such that the isotopic composition should reflect ocean-wide events. New and published Os isotope data are used to construct age models for these crusts that are consistent with each other and significantly different from previous age models. Application of these age models reveals that the Tl isotope composition of seawater changed systematically between ~ 55??Ma and ~ 45??Ma. Using a simple box model it is shown that the present day Tl isotope composition of seawater depends almost exclusively on the ratio between the two principal output fluxes of marine Tl. These fluxes are the rate of removal of Tl from seawater via scavenging by authigenic Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide precipitation and the uptake rate of Tl during low temperature alteration of oceanic crust. It is highly unlikely that the latter has changed greatly. Therefore, assuming that the marine Tl budget has also not changed significantly during the Cenozoic, the low 205Tl/203Tl during the Paleocene is best explained by a more than four-fold higher sequestration of Tl by Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides compared with at the present day. The calculated Cenozoic Tl isotopic seawater curve displays a striking similarity to that of S, providing evidence that both systems may have responded to the same change in the marine environment. A plausible explanation is a marked and permanent increase in organic carbon export from ~ 55??Ma to ~ 45??Ma, which led to higher pyrite burial rates and a significantly reduced flux of Fe-Mn oxide removal as a result of increased biological uptake of Fe and Mn. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.010","issn":"00128","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, S., Mar-Gerrison, S., Gannoun, A., LaRowe, D., Klemm, V., Halliday, A.N., Burton, K., and Hein, J., 2009, Thallium isotope evidence for a permanent increase in marine organic carbon export in the early Eocene: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 278, no. 3-4, p. 297-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.010.","startPage":"297","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487769,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1480213","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213826,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.010"},{"id":241487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"278","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba608e4b08c986b320e43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, S.G.","contributorId":49171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mar-Gerrison, S.","contributorId":63629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mar-Gerrison","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gannoun, A.","contributorId":39204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannoun","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaRowe, D.","contributorId":74210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRowe","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klemm, V.","contributorId":43898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemm","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Halliday, A. N.","contributorId":87663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliday","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burton, K.W.","contributorId":101399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032721,"text":"70032721 - 2009 - Flow and geochemistry of groundwater beneath a back-barrier lagoon: The subterranean estuary at Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:18:08","indexId":"70032721","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow and geochemistry of groundwater beneath a back-barrier lagoon: The subterranean estuary at Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>To better understand large-scale interactions between fresh and saline groundwater beneath an Atlantic coastal estuary, an offshore drilling and sampling study was performed in a large barrier-bounded lagoon, Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA. Groundwater that was significantly fresher than overlying bay water was found in shallow plumes up to 8&nbsp;m thick extending more than 1700&nbsp;m offshore. Groundwater saltier than bay surface water was found locally beneath the lagoon and the barrier island, indicating recharge by saline water concentrated by evaporation prior to infiltration. Steep salinity and nutrient gradients occur within a few meters of the sediment surface in most locations studied, with buried peats and estuarine muds acting as confining units. Groundwater ages were generally more than 50&nbsp;years in both fresh and brackish waters as deep as 23&nbsp;m below the bay bottom. Water chemistry and isotopic data indicate that freshened plumes beneath the estuary are mixtures of water originally recharged on land and varying amounts of estuarine surface water that circulated through the bay floor, possibly at some distance from the sampling location. Ammonium is the dominant fixed nitrogen species in saline groundwater beneath the estuary at the locations sampled. Isotopic and dissolved-gas data from one location indicate that denitrification within the subsurface flow system removed terrestrial nitrate from fresh groundwater prior to discharge along the western side of the estuary. Similar situations, with one or more shallow semi-confined flow systems where groundwater geochemistry is strongly influenced by circulation of surface estuary water through organic-rich sediments, may be common on the Atlantic margin and elsewhere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.004","issn":"03044","usgsCitation":"Bratton, J., Böhlke, J., Krantz, D., and Tobias, C., 2009, Flow and geochemistry of groundwater beneath a back-barrier lagoon: The subterranean estuary at Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, USA: Marine Chemistry, v. 113, no. 1-2, p. 78-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.004.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476365,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2963","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213767,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.004"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1238e4b0c8380cd54210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bratton, J.F.","contributorId":94354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krantz, D.E.","contributorId":9838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krantz","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tobias, C.R.","contributorId":9442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tobias","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032738,"text":"70032738 - 2009 - Hierarchical Bayesian Markov switching models with application to predicting spawning success of shovelnose sturgeon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032738","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2568,"text":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C: Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical Bayesian Markov switching models with application to predicting spawning success of shovelnose sturgeon","docAbstract":"The timing of spawning in fish is tightly linked to environmental factors; however, these factors are not very well understood for many species. Specifically, little information is available to guide recruitment efforts for endangered species such as the sturgeon. Therefore, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model for predicting the success of spawning of the shovelnose sturgeon which uses both biological and behavioural (longitudinal) data. In particular, we use data that were produced from a tracking study that was conducted in the Lower Missouri River. The data that were produced from this study consist of biological variables associated with readiness to spawn along with longitudinal behavioural data collected by using telemetry and archival data storage tags. These high frequency data are complex both biologically and in the underlying behavioural process. To accommodate such complexity we developed a hierarchical linear regression model that uses an eigenvalue predictor, derived from the transition probability matrix of a two-state Markov switching model with generalized auto-regressive conditional heteroscedastic dynamics. Finally, to minimize the computational burden that is associated with estimation of this model, a parallel computing approach is proposed. ?? Journal compilation 2009 Royal Statistical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C: Applied Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9876.2008.00642.x","issn":"00359","usgsCitation":"Holan, S., Davis, G.M., Wildhaber, M., DeLonay, A., and Papoulias, D., 2009, Hierarchical Bayesian Markov switching models with application to predicting spawning success of shovelnose sturgeon: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C: Applied Statistics, v. 58, no. 1, p. 47-64, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9876.2008.00642.x.","startPage":"47","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213984,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9876.2008.00642.x"},{"id":241666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3099e4b0c8380cd5d7a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holan, S. H.","contributorId":76453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holan","given":"S. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, G. M.","contributorId":7510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeLonay, A. J. 0000-0002-3752-2799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-2799","contributorId":34246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Papoulias, D. M. 0000-0002-5106-2469","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":58759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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