{"pageNumber":"783","pageRowStart":"19550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46882,"records":[{"id":70032746,"text":"70032746 - 2009 - Demography and genetic structure of a recovering grizzly bear population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T13:49:46","indexId":"70032746","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demography and genetic structure of a recovering grizzly bear population","docAbstract":"Grizzly bears (brown bears; Ursus arctos) are imperiled in the southern extent of their range worldwide. The threatened population in northwestern Montana, USA, has been managed for recovery since 1975; yet, no rigorous data were available to monitor program success. We used data from a large noninvasive genetic sampling effort conducted in 2004 and 33 years of physical captures to assess abundance, distribution, and genetic health of this population. We combined data from our 3 sampling methods (hair trap, bear rub, and physical capture) to construct individual bear encounter histories for use in Huggins-Pledger closed mark-recapture models. Our population estimate, N?? = 765 (95% CI = 715-831) was more than double the existing estimate derived from sightings of females with young. Based on our results, the estimated known, human-caused mortality rate in 2004 was 4.6% (95% CI = 4.2-4.9%), slightly above the 4% considered sustainable; however, the high proportion of female mortalities raises concern. We used location data from telemetry, confirmed sightings, and genetic sampling to estimate occupied habitat. We found that grizzly bears occupied 33,480 km2 in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem (NCDE) during 1994-2007, including 10,340 km beyond the Recovery Zone. We used factorial correspondence analysis to identify potential barriers to gene flow within this population. Our results suggested that genetic interchange recently increased in areas with low gene flow in the past; however, we also detected evidence of incipient fragmentation across the major transportation corridor in this ecosystem. Our results suggest that the NCDE population is faring better than previously thought, and they highlight the need for a more rigorous monitoring program.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2008-330","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Kendall, K., Stetz, J., Boulanger, J., Macleod, A., Paetkau, D., and White, G.C., 2009, Demography and genetic structure of a recovering grizzly bear population: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 1, p. 3-17, https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-330.","startPage":"3","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213618,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2008-330"},{"id":335573,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7Q81B63","text":"Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) genetic profiles (1998-2012)"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe88e4b0c8380cd4ed99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, K.C.","contributorId":39716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stetz, J.B.","contributorId":74207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetz","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boulanger, J.","contributorId":18584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulanger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Macleod, A.C.","contributorId":41660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macleod","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paetkau, David","contributorId":97712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paetkau","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032751,"text":"70032751 - 2009 - Acid rock drainage and climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:57:06","indexId":"70032751","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acid rock drainage and climate change","docAbstract":"Rainfall events cause both increases and decreases in acid and metals concentrations and their loadings from mine wastes, and unmined mineralized areas, into receiving streams based on data from 3 mines sites in the United States and other sites outside the US. Gradual increases in concentrations occur during long dry spells and sudden large increases are observed during the rising limb of the discharge following dry spells (first flush). By the time the discharge peak has occurred, concentrations are usually decreased, often to levels below those of pre-storm conditions and then they slowly rise again during the next dry spell. These dynamic changes in concentrations and loadings are related to the dissolution of soluble salts and the flushing out of waters that were concentrated by evaporation. The underlying processes, pyrite oxidation and host rock dissolution, do not end until the pyrite is fully weathered, which can take hundreds to thousands of years. These observations can be generalized to predict future conditions caused by droughts related to El Ni??o and climate change associated with global warming. Already, the time period for dry summers is lengthening in the western US and rainstorms are further apart and more intense when they happen. Consequently, flushing of inactive or active mine sites and mineralized but unmined sites will cause larger sudden increases in concentrations that will be an ever increasing danger to aquatic life with climate change. Higher average concentrations will be observed during longer low-flow periods. Remediation efforts will have to increase the capacity of engineered designs to deal with more extreme conditions, not average conditions of previous years.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.08.002","issn":"03756","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., 2009, Acid rock drainage and climate change: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 100, no. 2-3, p. 97-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.08.002.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.08.002"}],"volume":"100","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e694e4b0c8380cd474fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032775,"text":"70032775 - 2009 - Histopathology of repeated, intermittent exposure of chloramine-T to walleye (Sander vitreum) and (Ictalurus punctalus) channel catfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032775","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Histopathology of repeated, intermittent exposure of chloramine-T to walleye (Sander vitreum) and (Ictalurus punctalus) channel catfish","docAbstract":"Chloramine-T (Cl-T) has been used safely and effectively to control bacterial gill disease in salmonids at a maximum exposure regimen of up to four consecutive, once-daily exposures administered for 60??min at 20??mg/L. However, data to document safe treatment concentrations of Cl-T are lacking for freshwater-reared fish other than salmonids. We report the histopathology resultant from the administration of 12 consecutive, once-daily, 180-min static immersion baths of 0, 20, 50, or 80??mg Cl-T/L to walleye (20????C) and channel catfish (27????C). Twelve fish of each species were euthanized immediately before the first exposure (initial controls) and then after the twelfth exposure and 7 and 14??days after the twelfth exposure. Only initial controls and fish euthanized immediately after the twelfth exposure were processed for histological review because of the general lack of exposure-related lesions in exposed fish. The only exposure-related histological changes were in the spleen where significantly greater erythrocyte swelling and necrosis was observed in channel catfish exposed at 80??mg/L relative to exposure at 0??mg/L; similar histological changes were insignificant for walleye, though there appeared to be a shift in the general category of histological change with degenerative changes (necrosis, etc.) observed following exposure at 50 or 80??mg/L compared to the inflammatory and hemodynamic changes (congestion, leukocyte infiltrate, etc.) observed in walleye exposed at 0 or 20??mg/L. The only significant change in peripheral blood cytology was that walleye fingerlings exposed at 80??mg/L had significantly fewer mature red blood cells and significantly more immature red blood cells per oil-immersion field than controls. The histopathological changes observed following exposure to Cl-T under an exaggerated exposure regimen suggest that walleye or channel catfish therapeutically exposed to Cl-T will not have treatment-related histological changes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.020","issn":"00448","usgsCitation":"Gaikowski, M., Densmore, C.L., and Blazer, V., 2009, Histopathology of repeated, intermittent exposure of chloramine-T to walleye (Sander vitreum) and (Ictalurus punctalus) channel catfish: Aquaculture, v. 287, no. 1-2, p. 28-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.020.","startPage":"28","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214015,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.020"},{"id":241700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"287","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3158e4b0c8380cd5de4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaikowski, M.P. 0000-0002-6507-9341","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":51685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Christine L.","contributorId":18316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032784,"text":"70032784 - 2009 - A mass balance mercury budget for a mine-dominated lake: Clear Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-20T11:08:34","indexId":"70032784","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mass balance mercury budget for a mine-dominated lake: Clear Lake, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine (SBMM), active intermittently from 1873–1957 and now a USEPA Superfund site, was previously estimated to have contributed at least 100 metric tons (10</span><sup>5</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>kg) of mercury (Hg) into the Clear Lake aquatic ecosystem. We have confirmed this minimum estimate. To better quantify the contribution of the mine in relation to other sources of Hg loading into Clear Lake and provide data that might help reduce that loading, we analyzed<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Inputs</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Outputs</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of Hg to Clear Lake and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Storage</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of Hg in lakebed sediments using a mass balance approach. We evaluated<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Inputs</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>from (1) wet and dry atmospheric deposition from both global/regional and local sources, (2) watershed tributaries, (3) groundwater inflows, (4) lakebed springs and (5) the mine.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Outputs</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>were quantified from (1) efflux (volatilization) of Hg from the lake surface to the atmosphere, (2) municipal and agricultural water diversions, (3) losses from out-flowing drainage of Cache Creek that feeds into the California Central Valley and (4) biotic Hg removal by humans and wildlife.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Storage</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>estimates include (1) sediment burial from historic and prehistoric periods (over the past 150–3,000 years) from sediment cores to ca. 2.5m depth dated using dichloro diphenyl dichloroethane (DDD),<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>210</sup><span>Pb and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>14</sup><span>C and (2) recent Hg deposition in surficial sediments. Surficial sediments collected in October 2003 (11 years after mine site remediation) indicate no reduction (but a possible increase) in sediment Hg concentrations over that time and suggest that remediation has not significantly reduced overall Hg loading to the lake. Currently, the mine is believed to contribute ca. 322–331 kg of Hg annually to Clear Lake, which represents ca. 86–99% of the total Hg loading to the lake. We estimate that natural sedimentation would cover the existing contaminated sediments within ca. 150–300 years.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-008-9757-1","issn":"00496","usgsCitation":"Suchanek, T., Cooke, J., Keller, K., Jorgensen, S., Richerson, P., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Harner, E., and Adam, D., 2009, A mass balance mercury budget for a mine-dominated lake: Clear Lake, California: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 196, no. 1-4, p. 51-73, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9757-1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213620,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9757-1"}],"volume":"196","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2e9e4b0c8380cd45d18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suchanek, T.H.","contributorId":20682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suchanek","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooke, J.","contributorId":6447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooke","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keller, K.","contributorId":25322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgensen, S.","contributorId":67301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richerson, P.J.","contributorId":100619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richerson","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harner, E.J.","contributorId":16230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harner","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Adam, D.P.","contributorId":14815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032786,"text":"70032786 - 2009 - Effect of species rarity on the accuracy of species distribution models for reptiles and amphibians in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032786","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of species rarity on the accuracy of species distribution models for reptiles and amphibians in southern California","docAbstract":"Aim: Several studies have found that more accurate predictive models of species' occurrences can be developed for rarer species; however, one recent study found the relationship between range size and model performance to be an artefact of sample prevalence, that is, the proportion of presence versus absence observations in the data used to train the model. We examined the effect of model type, species rarity class, species' survey frequency, detectability and manipulated sample prevalence on the accuracy of distribution models developed for 30 reptile and amphibian species. Location: Coastal southern California, USA. Methods: Classification trees, generalized additive models and generalized linear models were developed using species presence and absence data from 420 locations. Model performance was measured using sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plot based on twofold cross-validation, or on bootstrapping. Predictors included climate, terrain, soil and vegetation variables. Species were assigned to rarity classes by experts. The data were sampled to generate subsets with varying ratios of presences and absences to test for the effect of sample prevalence. Join count statistics were used to characterize spatial dependence in the prediction errors. Results: Species in classes with higher rarity were more accurately predicted than common species, and this effect was independent of sample prevalence. Although positive spatial autocorrelation remained in the prediction errors, it was weaker than was observed in the species occurrence data. The differences in accuracy among model types were slight. Main conclusions: Using a variety of modelling methods, more accurate species distribution models were developed for rarer than for more common species. This was presumably because it is difficult to discriminate suitable from unsuitable habitat for habitat generalists, and not as an artefact of the effect of sample prevalence on model estimation. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00536.x","issn":"13669","usgsCitation":"Franklin, J., Wejnert, K., Hathaway, S., Rochester, C., and Fisher, R., 2009, Effect of species rarity on the accuracy of species distribution models for reptiles and amphibians in southern California: Diversity and Distributions, v. 15, no. 1, p. 167-177, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00536.x.","startPage":"167","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487763,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00536.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213648,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00536.x"},{"id":241296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a060ae4b0c8380cd510be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franklin, J.","contributorId":81546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franklin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wejnert, K.E.","contributorId":30048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wejnert","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hathaway, S.A.","contributorId":56990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rochester, C.J.","contributorId":93851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochester","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032806,"text":"70032806 - 2009 - The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: Constraints from InSAR 2003-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:58:07","indexId":"70032806","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: Constraints from InSAR 2003-2005","docAbstract":"<p><span>InSAR is particularly sensitive to vertical displacements, which can be important in distinguishing between mechanisms responsible for the postseismic response to large earthquakes (afterslip, viscoelastic relaxation). We produce maps of the surface displacements resulting from the postseismic response to the 2002 Denali Fault earthquake, using data from the Canadian Radarsat-1 satellite from the periods summer 2003, summer 2004 and summer 2005. A peak-to-trough signal of amplitude 4 cm in the satellite line of sight was observed between summer 2003 and summer 2004. By the period between summer 2004 and summer 2005, the displacement rate had dropped below the threshold required for observation with InSAR over a single year. The InSAR observations show that the principal postseismic relaxation process acted at a depth of ∼50 km, equivalent to the top of the mantle. However, the observations are still incapable of distinguishing between distributed (viscoelastic relaxation) and localized (afterslip) deformation. The imposed coseismic stresses are highest in the lower crust and, assuming a Maxwell rheology, a viscosity ratio of at least 5 between lower crust and upper mantle is required to explain the contrast in behaviour. The lowest misfits are produced by mixed models of viscoelastic relaxation in the mantle and shallow afterslip in the upper crust. Profiles perpendicular to the fault show significant asymmetry, which is consistent with differences in rheological structure across the fault.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03932.x","issn":"09565","usgsCitation":"Biggs, J., Burgmann, R., Freymueller, J., Lu, Z., Parsons, B., Ryder, I., Schmalzle, G., and Wright, T., 2009, The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: Constraints from InSAR 2003-2005: Geophysical Journal International, v. 176, no. 2, p. 353-367, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03932.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"367","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487686,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2008.03932.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213931,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03932.x"}],"volume":"176","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baea7e4b08c986b32424f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggs, J.","contributorId":59241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggs","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, J.T.","contributorId":51482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freymueller","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parsons, B.","contributorId":54017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryder, I.","contributorId":11422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmalzle, G.","contributorId":44364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmalzle","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wright, Tim","contributorId":35942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Tim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032808,"text":"70032808 - 2009 - Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032808","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA","docAbstract":"Multispectral satellite data have become a common tool used in the mapping of wildland fire effects. Fire severity, defined as the degree to which a site has been altered, is often the variable mapped. The Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) used in an absolute difference change detection protocol (dNBR), has become the remote sensing method of choice for US Federal land management agencies to map fire severity due to wildland fire. However, absolute differenced vegetation indices are correlated to the pre-fire chlorophyll content of the vegetation occurring within the fire perimeter. Normalizing dNBR to produce a relativized dNBR (RdNBR) removes the biasing effect of the pre-fire condition. Employing RdNBR hypothetically allows creating categorical classifications using the same thresholds for fires occurring in similar vegetation types without acquiring additional calibration field data on each fire. In this paper we tested this hypothesis by developing thresholds on random training datasets, and then comparing accuracies for (1) fires that occurred within the same geographic region as the training dataset and in similar vegetation, and (2) fires from a different geographic region that is climatically and floristically similar to the training dataset region but supports more complex vegetation structure. We additionally compared map accuracies for three measures of fire severity: the composite burn index (CBI), percent change in tree canopy cover, and percent change in tree basal area. User's and producer's accuracies were highest for the most severe categories, ranging from 70.7% to 89.1%. Accuracies of the moderate fire severity category for measures describing effects only to trees (percent change in canopy cover and basal area) indicated that the classifications were generally not much better than random. Accuracies of the moderate category for the CBI classifications were somewhat better, averaging in the 50%-60% range. These results underscore the difficulty in isolating fire effects to individual vegetation strata when fire effects are mixed. We conclude that the models presented here and in Miller and Thode ([Miller, J.D. & Thode, A.E., (2007). Quantifying burn severity in a heterogeneous landscape with a relative version of the delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR). Remote Sensing of Environment, 109, 66-80.]) can produce fire severity classifications (using either CBI, or percent change in canopy cover or basal area) that are of similar accuracy in fires not used in the original calibration process, at least in conifer dominated vegetation types in Mediterranean-climate California.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009","issn":"00344","usgsCitation":"Miller, J., Knapp, E.E., Key, C., Skinner, C., Isbell, C., Creasy, R., and Sherlock, J., 2009, Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 3, p. 645-656, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009.","startPage":"645","endPage":"656","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213987,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009"},{"id":241669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f30fe4b0c8380cd4b59e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, J.D.","contributorId":43431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knapp, E. E.","contributorId":54938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Key, C.H.","contributorId":74343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skinner, C.N.","contributorId":19909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Isbell, C.J.","contributorId":19381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isbell","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Creasy, R.M.","contributorId":33543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creasy","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sherlock, J.W.","contributorId":87766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherlock","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032809,"text":"70032809 - 2009 - Spatial-temporal patterns in Mediterranean carnivore road casualties: Consequences for mitigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032809","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial-temporal patterns in Mediterranean carnivore road casualties: Consequences for mitigation","docAbstract":"Many carnivores have been seriously impacted by the expansion of transportation systems and networks; however we know little about carnivore response to the extent and magnitude of road mortality, or which age classes may be disproportionately impacted. Recent research has demonstrated that wildlife-vehicle-collisions (WVC) involving carnivores are modulated by temporal and spatial factors. Thus, we investigated road mortality on a guild of small and medium-sized carnivores in southern Portugal using road-kill data obtained from a systematic 36 months monitoring period along highways (260 km) and national roads (314 km) by addressing the following questions: (a) which species and age class are most vulnerable to WVC? (b) are there temporal and/or spatial patterns in road-kill? and (c) which life-history and/or spatial factors influence the likelihood of collisions? We recorded a total of 806 carnivore casualties, which represented an average of 47 ind./100 km/year. Red fox and stone marten had the highest mortality rates. Our findings highlight three key messages: (1) the majority of road-killed individuals were adults of common species; (2) all carnivores, except genets, were more vulnerable during specific life-history phenological periods: higher casualties were observed when red fox and stone marten were provisioning young, Eurasian badger casualties occurred more frequently during dispersal, and higher Egyptian mongoose mortality occurred during the breeding period; and (3) modeling demonstrated that favorable habitat, curves in the road, and low human disturbance were major contributors to the deadliest road segments. Red fox carcasses were more likely to be found on road sections with passages distant from urban areas. Conversely, stone marten mortalities were found more often on national roads with high of cork oak woodland cover; Egyptian mongoose and genet road-kills were found more often on road segments close to curves. Based on our results, two key mitigation measures should help to reduce WVC in Portugal. The first involves the improvement of existing crossings with buried and small mesh size fence to guide the individuals towards to the passages, in road segments with high traffic volume (>1200 vehicles/night) and located in preferred carnivore habitats. The second mitigation involves cutting or removal of dense vegetation in verges of road segments with curves to aid motorists in seeing animals about to cross. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2008.10.026","issn":"00063","usgsCitation":"Grilo, C., Bissonette, J., and Santos-Reis, M., 2009, Spatial-temporal patterns in Mediterranean carnivore road casualties: Consequences for mitigation: Biological Conservation, v. 142, no. 2, p. 301-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.10.026.","startPage":"301","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213988,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.10.026"},{"id":241670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"142","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94c0e4b08c986b31ac2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grilo, C.","contributorId":89362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grilo","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bissonette, J.A.","contributorId":21498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bissonette","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santos-Reis, M.","contributorId":58108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santos-Reis","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032817,"text":"70032817 - 2009 - Research on the middle-of-receiver-spread assumption of the MASW method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032817","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Research on the middle-of-receiver-spread assumption of the MASW method","docAbstract":"The multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method has been effectively used to determine near-surface shear- (S-) wave velocity. Estimating the S-wave velocity profile from Rayleigh-wave measurements is straightforward. A three-step process is required to obtain S-wave velocity profiles: acquisition of a multiple number of multichannel records along a linear survey line by use of the roll-along mode, extraction of dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves, and inversion of dispersion curves for an S-wave velocity profile for each shot gather. A pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section can be generated by aligning 1D S-wave velocity models. In this process, it is very important to understand where the inverted 1D S-wave velocity profile should be located: the midpoint of each spread (a middle-of-receiver-spread assumption) or somewhere between the source and the last receiver. In other words, the extracted dispersion curve is determined by the geophysical structure within the geophone spread or strongly affected by the source geophysical structure. In this paper, dispersion curves of synthetic datasets and a real-world example are calculated by fixing the receiver spread and changing the source location. Results demonstrate that the dispersion curves are mainly determined by structures within a receiver spread. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.01.009","issn":"02677","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Liu, J., Xu, Y., and Liu, Q., 2009, Research on the middle-of-receiver-spread assumption of the MASW method: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 29, no. 1, p. 71-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.01.009.","startPage":"71","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213622,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.01.009"},{"id":241268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa935e4b0c8380cd85c98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Q.","contributorId":17827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032818,"text":"70032818 - 2009 - Characterizing and predicting species distributions across environments and scales: Argentine ant occurrences in the eye of the beholder","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032818","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing and predicting species distributions across environments and scales: Argentine ant occurrences in the eye of the beholder","docAbstract":"Aim: Species distribution models (SDMs) or, more specifically, ecological niche models (ENMs) are a useful and rapidly proliferating tool in ecology and global change biology. ENMs attempt to capture associations between a species and its environment and are often used to draw biological inferences, to predict potential occurrences in unoccupied regions and to forecast future distributions under environmental change. The accuracy of ENMs, however, hinges critically on the quality of occurrence data. ENMs often use haphazardly collected data rather than data collected across the full spectrum of existing environmental conditions. Moreover, it remains unclear how processes affecting ENM predictions operate at different spatial scales. The scale (i.e. grain size) of analysis may be dictated more by the sampling regime than by biologically meaningful processes. The aim of our study is to jointly quantify how issues relating to region and scale affect ENM predictions using an economically important and ecologically damaging invasive species, the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile). Location: California, USA. Methods: We analysed the relationship between sampling sufficiency, regional differences in environmental parameter space and cell size of analysis and resampling environmental layers using two independently collected sets of presence/absence data. Differences in variable importance were determined using model averaging and logistic regression. Model accuracy was measured with area under the curve (AUC) and Cohen's kappa. Results: We first demonstrate that insufficient sampling of environmental parameter space can cause large errors in predicted distributions and biological interpretation. Models performed best when they were parametrized with data that sufficiently sampled environmental parameter space. Second, we show that altering the spatial grain of analysis changes the relative importance of different environmental variables. These changes apparently result from how environmental constraints and the sampling distributions of environmental variables change with spatial grain. Conclusions: These findings have clear relevance for biological inference. Taken together, our results illustrate potentially general limitations for ENMs, especially when such models are used to predict species occurrences in novel environments. We offer basic methodological and conceptual guidelines for appropriate sampling and scale matching. ?? 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1466-8238.2008.00420.x","issn":"14668","usgsCitation":"Menke, S., Holway, D., Fisher, R., and Jetz, W., 2009, Characterizing and predicting species distributions across environments and scales: Argentine ant occurrences in the eye of the beholder: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 18, no. 1, p. 50-63, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2008.00420.x.","startPage":"50","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213623,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2008.00420.x"},{"id":241269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4efe4b0c8380cd4bff8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Menke, S.B.","contributorId":78938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menke","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holway, D.A.","contributorId":31581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holway","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jetz, W.","contributorId":101458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jetz","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032841,"text":"70032841 - 2009 - Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T09:50:29","indexId":"70032841","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes","docAbstract":"<p>1. We investigated diurnal nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) concentration variability in the San Joaquin River using an<span>&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>optical NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>sensor and discrete sampling during a 5‐day summer period characterized by high algal productivity. Dual NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>isotopes (δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>NO3</sub>) and dissolved oxygen isotopes (δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>DO</sub>) were measured over 2 days to assess NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>sources and biogeochemical controls over diurnal time‐scales.</p><p>2. Concerted temporal patterns of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>DO</sub>were consistent with photosynthesis, respiration and atmospheric O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>exchange, providing evidence of diurnal biological processes independent of river discharge.</p><p>3. Surface water NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations varied by up to 22% over a single diurnal cycle and up to 31% over the 5‐day study, but did not reveal concerted diurnal patterns at a frequency comparable to DO concentrations. The decoupling of δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>NO3</sub>isotopes suggests that algal assimilation and denitrification are not major processes controlling diurnal NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>variability in the San Joaquin River during the study. The lack of a clear explanation for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>variability likely reflects a combination of riverine biological processes and time‐varying physical transport of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>from upstream agricultural drains to the mainstem San Joaquin River.</p><p>4. The application of an<span>&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>optical NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>sensor along with discrete samples provides a view into the fine temporal structure of hydrochemical data and may allow for greater accuracy in pollution assessment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02111.x","issn":"00465","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B.A., Downing, B.D., Kendall, C., Dahlgren, R., Kraus, T.E., Saraceno, J., Spencer, R., and Bergamaschi, B., 2009, Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes: Freshwater Biology, v. 54, no. 2, p. 376-387, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02111.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"376","endPage":"387","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213959,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02111.x"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edf0e4b0c8380cd49b0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. bpeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dahlgren, Randy A.","contributorId":48630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahlgren","given":"Randy A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644 tkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":1452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara","email":"tkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Saraceno, John Franco 0000-0003-0064-1820","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-1820","contributorId":71686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saraceno","given":"John Franco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. M.","contributorId":28866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032874,"text":"70032874 - 2009 - Hydraulic anisotropy characterization of pneumatic-fractured sediments using azimuthal self potential gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032874","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic anisotropy characterization of pneumatic-fractured sediments using azimuthal self potential gradient","docAbstract":"The pneumatic fracturing technique is used to enhance the permeability and porosity of tight unconsolidated soils (e.g. clays), thereby improving the effectiveness of remediation treatments. Azimuthal self potential gradient (ASPG) surveys were performed on a compacted, unconsolidated clay block in order to evaluate their potential to delineate contaminant migration pathways in a mechanically-induced fracture network. Azimuthal resistivity (ARS) measurements were also made for comparative purposes. Following similar procedures to those used in the field, compressed kaolinite sediments were pneumatically fractured and the resulting fracture geometry characterized from strike analysis of visible fractures combined with strike data from optical borehole televiewer (BHTV) imaging. We subsequently injected a simulated treatment (electrolyte/dye) into the fractures. Both ASPG and ARS data exhibit anisotropic geoelectric signatures resulting from the fracturing. Self potentials observed during injection of electrolyte are consistent with electrokinetic theory and previous laboratory results on a fracture block model. Visual (polar plot) analysis and linear regression of cross plots show ASPG lobes are correlated with azimuths of high fracture strike density, evidence that the ASPG anisotropy is a proxy measure of hydraulic anisotropy created by the pneumatic fracturing. However, ARS data are uncorrelated with fracture strike maxima and resistivity anisotropy is probably dominated by enhanced surface conduction along azimuths of weak 'starter paths' formed from pulverization of the clay and increases in interfacial surface area. We find the magnitude of electrokinetic SP scales with the applied N2 gas pressure gradient (??PN2) for any particular hydraulically-active fracture set and that the positive lobe of the ASPG anomaly indicates the flow direction within the fracture network. These findings demonstrate the use of ASPG in characterizing the effectiveness of (1) pneumatic fracturing and (2) defining likely flow directions of remedial treatments in unconsolidated sediments and rock. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.09.023","issn":"01697","usgsCitation":"Wishart, D., Slater, L., Schnell, D., and Herman, G., 2009, Hydraulic anisotropy characterization of pneumatic-fractured sediments using azimuthal self potential gradient: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 103, no. 3-4, p. 134-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.09.023.","startPage":"134","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213935,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.09.023"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32dbe4b0c8380cd5eb21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wishart, D.N.","contributorId":32359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wishart","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slater, L.D.","contributorId":63229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schnell, D.L.","contributorId":48770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnell","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herman, G.C.","contributorId":102215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032876,"text":"70032876 - 2009 - Impacts of acidification on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the western Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032876","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of acidification on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the western Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA","docAbstract":"Limited stream chemistry and macroinvertebrate data indicate that acidic deposition has adversely affected benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in numerous headwater streams of the western Adirondack Mountains of New York. No studies, however, have quantified the effects that acidic deposition and acidification may have had on resident fish and macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the region. As part of the Western Adirondack Stream Survey, water chemistry from 200 streams was sampled five times and macroinvertebrate communities were surveyed once from a subset of 36 streams in the Oswegatchie and Black River Basins during 2003-2005 and evaluated to: (a) document the effects that chronic and episodic acidification have on macroinvertebrate communities across the region, (b) define the relations between acidification and the health of affected species assemblages, and (c) assess indicators and thresholds of biological effects. Concentrations of inorganic Al in 66% of the 200 streams periodically reached concentrations toxic to acid-tolerant biota. A new acid biological assessment profile (acidBAP) index for macroinvertebrates, derived from percent mayfly richness and percent acid-tolerant taxa, was strongly correlated (R2 values range from 0.58 to 0.76) with concentrations of inorganic Al, pH, ANC, and base cation surplus (BCS). The BCS and acidBAP index helped remove confounding influences of natural organic acidity and to redefine acidification-effect thresholds and biological-impact categories. AcidBAP scores indicated that macroinvertebrate communities were moderately or severely impacted by acidification in 44-56% of 36 study streams, however, additional data from randomly selected streams is needed to accurately estimate the true percentage of streams in which macroinvertebrate communities are adversely affected in this, or other, regions. As biologically relevant measures of impacts caused by acidification, both BCS and acidBAP may be useful indicators of ecosystem effects and potential recovery at the local and regional scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.04.004","issn":"14701","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B., Lawrence, G., Bode, R., Simonin, H.A., Roy, K.M., and Smith, A.J., 2009, Impacts of acidification on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of the western Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA: Ecological Indicators, v. 9, no. 2, p. 226-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.04.004.","startPage":"226","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213962,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.04.004"},{"id":241639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38e0e4b0c8380cd61703","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bode, R.W.","contributorId":77341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bode","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simonin, H. A.","contributorId":85713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simonin","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roy, K. M.","contributorId":52710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, A. J.","contributorId":67040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032909,"text":"70032909 - 2009 - Effect of dietary α-tocopherol + ascorbic acid, selenium, and iron on oxidative stress in sub-yearling Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> Walbaum)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-23T15:43:36","indexId":"70032909","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2159,"text":"Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of dietary α-tocopherol + ascorbic acid, selenium, and iron on oxidative stress in sub-yearling Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> Walbaum)","docAbstract":"A three-variable central composite design coupled with surface-response analysis was used to examine the effects of dietary ??-tocopherol + ascorbic acid (TOCAA), selenium (Se), and iron (Fe) on indices of oxidative stress in juvenile spring Chinook salmon. Each dietary factor was tested at five levels for a total of fifteen dietary combinations (diets). Oxidative damage in liver and kidney (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls) and erythrocytes (erythrocyte resistance to peroxidative lysis, ERPL) was determined after feeding experimental diets for 16 (early December) and 28 (early March) weeks. Only TOCAA influenced oxidative stress in this study, with most measures of oxidative damage decreasing (liver lipid peroxidation in December and March; ERPL in December; liver protein carbonyl in March) with increasing levels of TOCAA. We also observed a TOCAA-stimulated increase in susceptibility of erythrocytes to peroxidative lysis in March at the highest levels of TOCAA. The data suggest that under most circumstances a progressive decrease in oxidative stress occurs as dietary TOCAA increases, but higher TOCAA concentrations can stimulate oxidative damage in some situations. Higher levels of TOCAA in the diet were required in March than in December to achieve comparable levels of protection against oxidative damage, which may have been due to physiological changes associated with the parr-smolt transformation. Erythrocytes appeared to be more sensitive to variation in dietary levels of TOCAA than liver and kidney tissues. Using the March ERPL assay results as a baseline, a TOCAA level of approximately 350-600 mg/kg diet would provide adequate protection against lipid peroxidation under most circumstances in juvenile Chinook salmon. ?? 2008 The Authors.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00773.x","issn":"09312","usgsCitation":"Welker, T., and Congleton, J., 2009, Effect of dietary α-tocopherol + ascorbic acid, selenium, and iron on oxidative stress in sub-yearling Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> Walbaum): Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, v. 93, no. 1, p. 15-25, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00773.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476191,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00773.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213513,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00773.x"},{"id":241143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05d1e4b0c8380cd50f99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welker, T.L.","contributorId":101063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welker","given":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Congleton, J.L.","contributorId":65622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Congleton","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032942,"text":"70032942 - 2009 - Molecular detection of native and invasive marine invertebrate larvae present in ballast and open water environmental samples collected in Puget Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70032942","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular detection of native and invasive marine invertebrate larvae present in ballast and open water environmental samples collected in Puget Sound","docAbstract":"Non-native marine species have been and continue to be introduced into Puget Sound via several vectors including ship's ballast water. Some non-native species become invasive and negatively impact native species or near shore habitats. We present a new methodology for the development and testing of taxon specific PCR primers designed to assess environmental samples of ocean water for the presence of native and non-native bivalves, crustaceans and algae. The intergenic spacer regions (IGS; ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8S) of the ribosomal DNA were sequenced for adult samples of each taxon studied. We used these data along with those available in Genbank to design taxon and group specific primers and tested their stringency against artificial populations of plasmid constructs containing the entire IGS region for each of the 25 taxa in our study, respectively. Taxon and group specific primer sets were then used to detect the presence or absence of native and non-native planktonic life-history stages (propagules) from environmental samples of ballast water and plankton tow net samples collected in Puget Sound. This methodology provides an inexpensive and efficient way to test the discriminatory ability of taxon specific oligonucleotides (PCR primers) before creating molecular probes or beacons for use in molecular ecological applications such as probe hybridizations or microarray analyses. This work addresses the current need to develop molecular tools capable of diagnosing the presence of planktonic life-history stages from non-native marine species (potential invaders) in ballast water and other environmental samples. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2008.10.030","issn":"00220","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., Hoy, M., and Rodriguez, R.J., 2009, Molecular detection of native and invasive marine invertebrate larvae present in ballast and open water environmental samples collected in Puget Sound: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 369, no. 2, p. 93-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.10.030.","startPage":"93","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.10.030"}],"volume":"369","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cffe4b0c8380cd700b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J.B.J.","contributorId":90116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J.B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoy, M.S.","contributorId":85780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032977,"text":"70032977 - 2009 - The speciation of aqueous zinc(II) bromide solutions to  500 °C and 900 MPa determined using Raman spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-23T15:34:27","indexId":"70032977","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The speciation of aqueous zinc(II) bromide solutions to  500 °C and 900 MPa determined using Raman spectroscopy","docAbstract":"A Raman spectral study was carried out on 3 solutions of varying concentration and bromide/zinc ratios. Spectra were collected at 11 different temperature-pressure conditions ranging from ambient to 500????C-0.9??GPa. Raman band assignments for zinc(II) bromide species reported in previous studies were used to determine the relative concentrations of ZnBr42-, ZnBr3-, ZnBr2, and ZnBr+ species at various temperatures and pressures. Our results are in close agreement with X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) data, and confirm that the tetrabromo zinc(II) complex, ZnBr42-, is the predominant species up to 500????C in solutions having high Zn concentrations (1??m) and high bromide/zinc molar ratios ([Br]/[Zn] = 8). In agreement with previous solubility and Raman spectroscopic experiments, our measurements indicate that species with a lower number of halide ligands and charge are favored with increasing temperature in dilute solutions, and solutions with low bromide/zinc ratios ([Br]/[Zn] < 2.5). The Raman technique provides an independent experimental means of evaluating the quality of XAS analyses of data obtained from high temperature disordered systems. The combination of these two techniques provides complementary data on speciation and the structure of zinc(II) bromide complexes. The preponderance of the ZnBr42- species in highly saline brines at high temperature is consistent with the predominance of ZnCl42- in chloride-rich brines reported in previous XAS studies. Knowledge of Zn complexing in metal-rich highly saline brines is important for numerical models of ore deposition in high temperature systems such as skarns and porphyry-type deposits. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.014","issn":"00092","usgsCitation":"Mibe, K., Chou, I., Anderson, A.J., Mayanovic, R.A., and Bassett, W.A., 2009, The speciation of aqueous zinc(II) bromide solutions to  500 °C and 900 MPa determined using Raman spectroscopy: Chemical Geology, v. 259, no. 1-2, p. 48-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.014.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213549,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.014"}],"volume":"259","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb05ae4b08c986b324de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mibe, Kenji","contributorId":85781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mibe","given":"Kenji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chou, I-Ming 0000-0001-5233-6479 imchou@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I-Ming","email":"imchou@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Alan J.","contributorId":28770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mayanovic, Robert A.","contributorId":88528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayanovic","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bassett, William A.","contributorId":47533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033003,"text":"70033003 - 2009 - Removal of organic wastewater contaminants in septic systems using advanced treatment technologies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033003","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Removal of organic wastewater contaminants in septic systems using advanced treatment technologies","docAbstract":"The detection of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in ground water and surface-water bodies has raised concerns about the possible ecological impacts of these compounds on nontarget organisms. On-site wastewater treatment systems represent a potentially significant route of entry for organic contaminants to the environment. In this study, effluent samples were collected and analyzed from conventional septic systems and from systems using advanced treatment technologies. Six of 13 target compounds were detected in effluent from at least one septic system. Caffeine, paraxanthine, and acetaminophen were the most frequently detected compounds, and estrogenic activity was detected in 14 of 15 systems. The OWC concentrations were significantly lower in effluent after sand filtration (p < 0.01) or aerobic treatment (p < 0.05) as compared with effluent that had not undergone advanced treatment. In general, concentrations in conventional systems were comparable to those measured in previous studies of municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent, and concentrations in systems after advanced treatment were comparable to previously measured concentrations in WWTP effluent. These data indicate that septic systems using advanced treatment can reduce OWCs in treated effluent to similar concentrations as municipal WWTPs. Copyright ?? 2009 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0365","issn":"00472","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, J., Bahr, J., Hedman, C., Hemming, J., Barman, M., and Bradbury, K.R., 2009, Removal of organic wastewater contaminants in septic systems using advanced treatment technologies: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 38, no. 1, p. 149-156, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0365.","startPage":"149","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213416,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0365"},{"id":241040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa730e4b0c8380cd85292","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, J.D.","contributorId":107920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bahr, J.M.","contributorId":62346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahr","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hedman, C.J.","contributorId":56447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedman","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hemming, J.D.C.","contributorId":37965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemming","given":"J.D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barman, M.A.E.","contributorId":47172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barman","given":"M.A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradbury, K. R.","contributorId":86070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033007,"text":"70033007 - 2009 - Effects of chemical immobilization on survival of African buffalo in the Kruger National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033007","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of chemical immobilization on survival of African buffalo in the Kruger National Park","docAbstract":"Capturing, immobilizing, and fitting radiocollars are common practices in studies of large mammals, but success is based on the assumptions that captured animals are representative of the rest of the population and that the capture procedure has negligible effects. We estimated effects of chemical immobilization on mortality rates of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. We used a Cox proportional hazards approach to test for differences in mortality among age, sex, and capture classes of repeatedly captured radiocollared buffalo. Capture variables did not improve model fit and the Cox regression did not indicate increased risk of death for captured individuals up to 90 days postcapture [exp (??) = 1.07]. Estimated confidence intervals, however, span from a halving to a doubling of the mortality rate (95% CI = 0.56-2.02). Therefore, capture did not influence survival of captured individuals using data on 875 captures over a 5-year period. Consequently, long-term research projects on African buffalo involving immobilization, such as associated with research on bovine tuberculosis, should result in minimal capture mortality, but monitoring of possible effects should continue.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2008-071","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Oosthuizen, W., Cross, P., Bowers, J., Hay, C., Ebinger, M., Buss, P., Hofmeyr, M., and Cameron, E., 2009, Effects of chemical immobilization on survival of African buffalo in the Kruger National Park: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 1, p. 149-153, https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-071.","startPage":"149","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502638,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Effects_of_chemical_immobilization_on_survival_of_African_Buffalo_in_the_Kruger_National_Park/22879940","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213486,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2008-071"},{"id":241113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06a8e4b0c8380cd51363","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oosthuizen, W.C.","contributorId":80494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oosthuizen","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cross, P.C.","contributorId":48141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowers, J.A.","contributorId":30456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hay, C.","contributorId":25369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ebinger, M.R.","contributorId":51100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebinger","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Buss, P.","contributorId":97705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buss","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hofmeyr, M.","contributorId":6662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmeyr","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cameron, E.Z.","contributorId":13045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"E.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033038,"text":"70033038 - 2009 - Associations between land use and <i>Perkinsus marinus</i> infection of eastern oysters in a high salinity, partially urbanized estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-05T13:19:02","indexId":"70033038","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Associations between land use and <i>Perkinsus marinus</i> infection of eastern oysters in a high salinity, partially urbanized estuary","docAbstract":"Infection levels of eastern oysters by the unicellular pathogen <i>Perkinsus marinus</i> have been associated with anthropogenic influences in laboratory studies. However, these relationships have been difficult to investigate in the field because anthropogenic inputs are often associated with natural influences such as freshwater inflow, which can also affect infection levels. We addressed P. marinus-land use associations using field-collected data from Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, USA, a developed, coastal estuary with relatively minor freshwater inputs. Ten oysters from each of 30 reefs were sampled quarterly in each of 2 years. Distances to nearest urbanized land class and to nearest stormwater outfall were measured via both tidal creeks and an elaboration of Euclidean distance. As the forms of any associations between oyster infection and distance to urbanization were unknown a priori, we used data from the first and second years of the study as exploratory and confirmatory datasets, respectively. With one exception, quarterly land use associations identified using the exploratory dataset were not confirmed using the confirmatory dataset. The exception was an association between the prevalence of moderate to high infection levels in winter and decreasing distance to nearest urban land use. Given that the study design appeared adequate to detect effects inferred from the exploratory dataset, these results suggest that effects of land use gradients were largely insubstantial or were ephemeral with duration less than 3 months.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-008-0279-9","issn":"09639","usgsCitation":"Gray, B.R., Bushek, D., Drane, J.W., and Porter, D., 2009, Associations between land use and <i>Perkinsus marinus</i> infection of eastern oysters in a high salinity, partially urbanized estuary: Ecotoxicology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 259-269, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0279-9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213455,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0279-9"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee94e4b0c8380cd49e36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bushek, David","contributorId":23766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushek","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drane, J. Wanzer","contributorId":90943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drane","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wanzer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Porter, Dwayne","contributorId":7506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Dwayne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033041,"text":"70033041 - 2009 - Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T10:26:25","indexId":"70033041","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3646,"text":"Transport in Porous Media","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand","docAbstract":"<p><span>Laboratory-scale virus transport experiments were conducted in columns packed with sand under saturated and unsaturated conditions. The viruses employed were the male-specific RNA coliphage, MS2, and the&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Salmonella typhimurium</i><span>&nbsp;phage, PRD1. The mathematical model developed by Sim and Chrysikopoulos (Water Resour Res 36:173–179, 2000) that accounts for processes responsible for removal of viruses during vertical transport in one-dimensional, unsaturated porous media was used to fit the data collected from the laboratory experiments. The liquid to liquid–solid and liquid to air–liquid interface mass transfer rate coefficients were shown to increase for both bacteriophage as saturation levels were reduced. The experimental results indicate that even for unfavorable attachment conditions within a sand column (e.g., phosphate-buffered saline solution; pH = 7.5; ionic strength = 2&nbsp;mM), saturation levels can affect virus transport through porous media.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11242-008-9239-3","issn":"01693","usgsCitation":"Anders, R., and Chrysikopoulos, C., 2009, Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand: Transport in Porous Media, v. 76, no. 1, p. 121-138, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-008-9239-3.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213488,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-008-9239-3"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb75ae4b08c986b3271f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anders, R.","contributorId":74174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chrysikopoulos, C.V.","contributorId":16214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chrysikopoulos","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033072,"text":"70033072 - 2009 - Relatedness and social organization of coypus in the Argentinean pampas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033072","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relatedness and social organization of coypus in the Argentinean pampas","docAbstract":"Behavioural and trapping studies of the social organization of coypus have suggested the occurrence of kin groups and a polygynous mating system. We used 16 microsatellite markers to analyse parentage and relatedness relationships in two populations (J??uregui and Villa Ruiz) in the Argentinean Pampas. At J??uregui, a dominant male monopolized most paternities, leading to a high variance in reproductive success between males and a high level of polygyny. At Villa Ruiz, variance in reproductive success was low among resident males and males were the fathers of zero to four offspring each. For females, no significant differences were found. Two different social groups in each study site were used to assess genetic relatedness within and between groups. These groups were neighbouring at J??uregui but not at Villa Ruiz. At Villa Ruiz, coypus were significantly more related within than between groups, suggesting that behavioural groups were also genetic ones, and adult females were more related within than between groups, as should be expected for kin groups. This relationship was not found at J??uregui. Our results provide support to previous studies based on behavioural and trapping data, which indicate that coypus form social groups and have a polygynous mating system. However, we found differences in social organization between the two populations. This is the first study to determine parentage and/or relatedness in coypus. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04006.x","issn":"09621","usgsCitation":"Tunez, J., Guichon, M., Centron, D., Henderson, A., Callahan, C., and Cassini, M., 2009, Relatedness and social organization of coypus in the Argentinean pampas: Molecular Ecology, v. 18, no. 1, p. 147-155, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04006.x.","startPage":"147","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213524,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04006.x"},{"id":241154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a620e4b0e8fec6cdc0ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tunez, J.I.","contributorId":57666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tunez","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guichon, M.L.","contributorId":66491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guichon","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Centron, D.","contributorId":107508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centron","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henderson, A.P.","contributorId":24163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Callahan, C.","contributorId":8299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callahan","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cassini, M.H.","contributorId":68118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cassini","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033094,"text":"70033094 - 2009 - Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033094","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area","docAbstract":"We investigate interactions between successive naturally occurring fires, and assess to what extent the environments in which fires burn influence these interactions. Using mapped fire perimeters and satellite-based estimates of post-fire effects (referred to hereafter as fire severity) for 19 fires burning relatively freely over a 31-year period, we demonstrate that fire as a landscape process can exhibit self-limiting characteristics in an upper elevation Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest. We use the term 'self-limiting' to refer to recurring fire as a process over time (that is, fire regime) consuming fuel and ultimately constraining the spatial extent and lessening fire-induced effects of subsequent fires. When the amount of time between successive adjacent fires is under 9 years, and when fire weather is not extreme (burning index <34.9), the probability of the latter fire burning into the previous fire area is extremely low. Analysis of fire severity data by 10-year periods revealed a fair degree of stability in the proportion of area burned among fire severity classes (unchanged, low, moderate, high). This is in contrast to a recent study demonstrating increasing high-severity burning throughout the Sierra Nevada from 1984 to 2006, which suggests freely burning fires over time in upper elevation Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests can regulate fire-induced effects across the landscape. This information can help managers better anticipate short- and long-term effects of allowing naturally ignited fires to burn, and ultimately, improve their ability to implement Wildland Fire Use programs in similar forest types. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-008-9211-7","issn":"14329","usgsCitation":"Collins, B., Miller, J., Thode, A.E., Kelly, M., van Wagtendonk, J., and Stephens, S., 2009, Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area: Ecosystems, v. 12, no. 1, p. 114-128, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9211-7.","startPage":"114","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213304,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9211-7"},{"id":240916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cbee4b0c8380cd62fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, B.M.","contributorId":33925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, J.D.","contributorId":43431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thode, A. E.","contributorId":75870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thode","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, M.","contributorId":39585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stephens, S.L.","contributorId":85694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033128,"text":"70033128 - 2009 - Calibration of an estuarine sediment transport model to sediment fluxes as an intermediate step for simulation of geomorphic evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:52:45","indexId":"70033128","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration of an estuarine sediment transport model to sediment fluxes as an intermediate step for simulation of geomorphic evolution","docAbstract":"Modeling geomorphic evolution in estuaries is necessary to model the fate of legacy contaminants in the bed sediment and the effect of climate change, watershed alterations, sea level rise, construction projects, and restoration efforts. Coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport models used for this purpose typically are calibrated to water level, currents, and/or suspended-sediment concentrations. However, small errors in these tidal-timescale models can accumulate to cause major errors in geomorphic evolution, which may not be obvious. Here we present an intermediate step towards simulating decadal-timescale geomorphic change: calibration to estimated sediment fluxes (mass/time) at two cross-sections within an estuary. Accurate representation of sediment fluxes gives confidence in representation of sediment supply to and from the estuary during those periods. Several years of sediment flux data are available for the landward and seaward boundaries of Suisun Bay, California, the landward-most embayment of San Francisco Bay. Sediment flux observations suggest that episodic freshwater flows export sediment from Suisun Bay, while gravitational circulation during the dry season imports sediment from seaward sources. The Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS), a three-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic/sediment transport model, was adapted for Suisun Bay, for the purposes of hindcasting 19th and 20th century bathymetric change, and simulating geomorphic response to sea level rise and climatic variability in the 21st century. The sediment transport parameters were calibrated using the sediment flux data from 1997 (a relatively wet year) and 2004 (a relatively dry year). The remaining years of data (1998, 2002, 2003) were used for validation. The model represents the inter-annual and annual sediment flux variability, while net sediment import/export is accurately modeled for three of the five years. The use of sediment flux data for calibrating an estuarine geomorphic model guarantees that modeled geomorphic evolution will not exceed the actual supply of sediment from the watershed and seaward sources during the calibration period. Decadal trends in sediment supply (and therefore fluxes) can accumulate to alter decadal geomorphic change. Therefore, simulations of future geomorphic evolution are bolstered by this intermediate calibration step.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2007.09.005","issn":"02784","usgsCitation":"Ganju, N., and Schoellhamer, D., 2009, Calibration of an estuarine sediment transport model to sediment fluxes as an intermediate step for simulation of geomorphic evolution: Continental Shelf Research, v. 29, no. 1, p. 148-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.09.005.","startPage":"148","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213277,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.09.005"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f316e4b0c8380cd4b5be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033129,"text":"70033129 - 2009 - A shift in the dominant toxin-producing algal species in central California alters phycotoxins in food webs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033129","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1878,"text":"Harmful Algae","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A shift in the dominant toxin-producing algal species in central California alters phycotoxins in food webs","docAbstract":"In California, the toxic algal species of primary concern are the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella and members of the pennate diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia, both producers of potent neurotoxins that are capable of sickening and killing marine life and humans. During the summer of 2004 in Monterey Bay, we observed a change in the taxonomic structure of the phytoplankton community-the typically diatom-dominated community shifted to a red tide, dinoflagellate-dominated community. Here we use a 6-year time series (2000-2006) to show how the abundance of the dominant harmful algal bloom (HAB) species in the Bay up to that point, Pseudo-nitzschia, significantly declined during the dinoflagellate-dominated interval, while two genera of toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium and Dinophysis, became the predominant toxin producers. This change represents a shift from a genus of toxin producers that typically dominates the community during a toxic bloom, to HAB taxa that are generally only minor components of the community in a toxic event. This change in the local HAB species was also reflected in the toxins present in higher trophic levels. Despite the small contribution of A. catenella to the overall phytoplankton community, the increase in the presence of this species in Monterey Bay was associated with an increase in the presence of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in sentinel shellfish and clupeoid fish. This report provides the first evidence that PSP toxins are present in California's pelagic food web, as PSP toxins were detected in both northern anchovies (Engraulis mordax) and Pacific sardines (Sardinops sagax). Another interesting observation from our data is the co-occurrence of DA and PSP toxins in both planktivorous fish and sentinel shellfish. We also provide evidence, based on the statewide biotoxin monitoring program, that this increase in the frequency and abundance of PSP events related to A. catenella occurred not just in Monterey Bay, but also in other coastal regions of California. Our results demonstrate that changes in the taxonomic structure of the phytoplankton community influences the nature of the algal toxins that move through local food webs and also emphasizes the importance of monitoring for the full suite of toxic algae, rather than just one genus or species. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Harmful Algae","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.hal.2008.07.001","issn":"15689","usgsCitation":"Jester, R., Lefebvre, K., Langlois, G., Vigilant, V., Baugh, K., and Silver, M., 2009, A shift in the dominant toxin-producing algal species in central California alters phycotoxins in food webs: Harmful Algae, v. 8, no. 2, p. 291-298, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2008.07.001.","startPage":"291","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213278,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2008.07.001"},{"id":240888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e587e4b0c8380cd46dce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jester, R.","contributorId":89726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jester","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lefebvre, K.","contributorId":43176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lefebvre","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langlois, G.","contributorId":44356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langlois","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vigilant, V.","contributorId":64036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vigilant","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baugh, K.","contributorId":27269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baugh","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Silver, M.W.","contributorId":106321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silver","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033131,"text":"70033131 - 2009 - Evaluation of trap capture in a geographically closed population of brown treesnakes on Guam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033131","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of trap capture in a geographically closed population of brown treesnakes on Guam","docAbstract":"1. Open population mark-recapture analysis of unbounded populations accommodates some types of closure violations (e.g. emigration, immigration). In contrast, closed population analysis of such populations readily allows estimation of capture heterogeneity and behavioural response, but requires crucial assumptions about closure (e.g. no permanent emigration) that are suspect and rarely tested empirically. 2. In 2003, we erected a double-sided barrier to prevent movement of snakes in or out of a 5-ha semi-forested study site in northern Guam. This geographically closed population of >100 snakes was monitored using a series of transects for visual searches and a 13 ?? 13 trapping array, with the aim of marking all snakes within the site. Forty-five marked snakes were also supplemented into the resident population to quantify the efficacy of our sampling methods. We used the program mark to analyse trap captures (101 occasions), referenced to census data from visual surveys, and quantified heterogeneity, behavioural response, and size bias in trappability. Analytical inclusion of untrapped individuals greatly improved precision in the estimation of some covariate effects. 3. A novel discovery was that trap captures for individual snakes consisted of asynchronous bouts of high capture probability lasting about 7 days (ephemeral behavioural effect). There was modest behavioural response (trap happiness) and significant latent (unexplained) heterogeneity, with small influences on capture success of date, gender, residency status (translocated or not), and body condition. 4. Trapping was shown to be an effective tool for eradicating large brown treesnakes Boiga irregularis (>900 mm snout-vent length, SVL). 5. Synthesis and applications. Mark-recapture modelling is commonly used by ecological managers to estimate populations. However, existing models involve making assumptions about either closure violations or response to capture. Physical closure of our population on a landscape scale allowed us to determine the relative importance of covariates influencing capture probability (body size, trappability periods, and latent heterogeneity). This information was used to develop models in which different segments of the population could be assigned different probabilities of capture, and suggests that modelling of open populations should incorporate easily measured, but potentially overlooked, parameters such as body size or condition. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01591.x","issn":"00218","usgsCitation":"Tyrrell, C., Christy, M., Rodda, G., Yackel Adams, A., Ellingson, A., Savidge, J.A., Dean-Bradley, K., and Bischof, R., 2009, Evaluation of trap capture in a geographically closed population of brown treesnakes on Guam: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 46, no. 1, p. 128-135, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01591.x.","startPage":"128","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213306,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01591.x"},{"id":240918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cfee4b0c8380cd52d99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tyrrell, C.L.","contributorId":84551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyrrell","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christy, M.T.","contributorId":20968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christy","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yackel Adams, A. A. 0000-0002-7044-8447","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-8447","contributorId":16792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel Adams","given":"A. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellingson, A.R.","contributorId":19514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellingson","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Savidge, J. A.","contributorId":36078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savidge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dean-Bradley, K.","contributorId":35268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean-Bradley","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bischof, R.","contributorId":84691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischof","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
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