{"pageNumber":"784","pageRowStart":"19575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40764,"records":[{"id":70043234,"text":"70043234 - 2010 - A procedure for radiometric recalibration of Landsat 5 TM reflective-band data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-27T17:49:39","indexId":"70043234","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A procedure for radiometric recalibration of Landsat 5 TM reflective-band data","docAbstract":"From the Landsat program's inception in 1972 to the present, the Earth science user community has been benefiting from a historical record of remotely sensed data. The multispectral data from the Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor provide the backbone for this extensive archive. Historically, the radiometric calibration procedure for the L5 TM imagery used the detectors' response to the internal calibrator (IC) on a scene-by-scene basis to determine the gain and offset for each detector. The IC system degraded with time, causing radiometric calibration errors up to 20%. In May 2003, the L5 TM data processed and distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science Center through the National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS) were updated to use a lifetime lookup-table (LUT) gain model to radiometrically calibrate TM data instead of using scene-specific IC gains. Further modification of the gain model was performed in 2007. The L5 TM data processed using IC prior to the calibration update do not benefit from the recent calibration revisions. A procedure has been developed to give users the ability to recalibrate their existing level-1 products. The best recalibration results are obtained if the work-order report that was included in the original standard data product delivery is available. However, if users do not have the original work-order report, the IC trends can be used for recalibration. The IC trends were generated using the radiometric gain trends recorded in the NLAPS database. This paper provides the details of the recalibration procedure for the following: 1) data processed using IC where users have the work-order file; 2) data processed using IC where users do not have the work-order file; 3) data processed using prelaunch calibration parameters; and 4) data processed using the previous version of the LUT (e.g., LUT03) that was released before April 2, 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2009.2026166","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., Haque, M., Micijevic, E., and Barsi, J., 2010, A procedure for radiometric recalibration of Landsat 5 TM reflective-band data: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 48, no. 1, p. 556-574, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2009.2026166.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"556","endPage":"574","ipdsId":"IP-010187","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268395,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2009.2026166"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512f38f3e4b0cad81a732d8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haque, M.O. 0000-0002-0914-1446","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-1446","contributorId":73087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haque","given":"M.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Micijevic, E. 0000-0002-3828-9239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":59939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barsi, J. A.","contributorId":24085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barsi","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70042315,"text":"70042315 - 2010 - Low-altitude aerial color digital photographic survey of the San Andreas Fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T13:30:12","indexId":"70042315","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-altitude aerial color digital photographic survey of the San Andreas Fault","docAbstract":"<p>Ever since 1858, when Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (pen name Félix Nadar) took the first aerial photograph (Professional Aerial Photographers Association 2009), the scientific value and popular appeal of such pictures have been widely recognized. Indeed, Nadar patented the idea of using aerial photographs in mapmaking and surveying. Since then, aerial imagery has flourished, eventually making the leap to space and to wavelengths outside the visible range. Yet until recently, the availability of such surveys has been limited to technical organizations with significant resources. Geolocation required extensive time and equipment, and distribution was costly and slow. While these situations still plague older surveys, modern digital photography and lidar systems acquire well-calibrated and easily shared imagery, although expensive, platform-specific software is sometimes still needed to manage and analyze the data. With current consumer-level electronics (cameras and computers) and broadband internet access, acquisition and distribution of large imaging data sets are now possible for virtually anyone. In this paper we demonstrate a simple, low-cost means of obtaining useful aerial imagery by reporting two new, high-resolution, low-cost, color digital photographic surveys of selected portions of the San Andreas fault in California. All pictures are in standard jpeg format. The first set of imagery covers a 92-km-long section of the fault in Kern and San Luis Obispo counties and includes the entire Carrizo Plain. The second covers the region from Lake of the Woods to Cajon Pass in Kern, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino counties (151 km) and includes Lone Pine Canyon soon after the ground was largely denuded by the Sheep Fire of October 2009. The first survey produced a total of 1,454 oblique digital photographs (4,288 x 2,848 pixels, average 6 Mb each) and the second produced 3,762 nadir images from an elevation of approximately 150 m above ground level (AGL) on the southeast leg and 300 m AGL on the northwest leg. Spatial resolution (pixel size or ground sample distance) is a few centimeters. Time and geographic coordinates of the aircraft were automatically written into the exchangeable image file format (EXIF) data within each jpeg photograph. A few hours after acquisition and validation, the photographs were uploaded to a publicly accessible Web page. The goal was to obtain quick-turnaround, low-cost, high-resolution, overlapping, and contiguous imagery for use in planning field operations, and to provide imagery for a wide variety of land use and educational studies. This work was carried out in support of ongoing geological research on the San Andreas fault, but the technique is widely applicable beyond geology.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SSA","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.81.3.453","usgsCitation":"Lynch, D.K., Hudnut, K.W., and Dearborn, D.S., 2010, Low-altitude aerial color digital photographic survey of the San Andreas Fault: Seismological Research Letters, v. 81, no. 3, p. 453-459, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.3.453.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"453","endPage":"459","ipdsId":"IP-018453","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274097,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.3.453"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"81","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c96a69e4b0a50a6e8f5825","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lynch, David K.","contributorId":88600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dearborn, David S.P.","contributorId":27343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dearborn","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042314,"text":"70042314 - 2010 - 230Th/U dating of a late Pleistocene alluvial fan along the southern San Andreas fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-24T17:44:17.008675","indexId":"70042314","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"<sup>230</sup>Th/U dating of a late Pleistocene alluvial fan along the southern San Andreas fault","title":"230Th/U dating of a late Pleistocene alluvial fan along the southern San Andreas fault","docAbstract":"U-series dating of pedogenic carbonate-clast coatings provides a reliable, precise minimum age of 45.1 ± 0.6 ka (2σ) for the T2 geomorphic surface of the Biskra Palms alluvial fan, Coachella Valley, California. Concordant ages for multiple subsamples from individual carbonate coatings provide evidence that the <sup>238</sup>U-<sup>234</sup>U-<sup>230</sup>Th system has remained closed since carbonate formation. The U-series minimum age is used to assess previously published <sup>10</sup>Be exposure ages of cobbles and boulders. All but one cobble age and some boulder <sup>10</sup>Be ages are younger than the U-series minimum age, indicating that surface cobbles and some boulders were partially shielded after deposition of the fan and have been subsequently exhumed by erosion of fine-grained matrix to expose them on the present fan surface. A comparison of U-series and <sup>10</sup>Be ages indicates that the interval between final alluvial deposition on the T2 fan surface and accumulation of dateable carbonate is not well resolved at Biskra Palms; however, the “time lag” inherent to dating via U-series on pedogenic carbonate can be no larger than ∼10 k.y., the uncertainty of the <sup>10</sup>Be-derived age of the T2 fan surface. Dating of the T2 fan surface via U-series on pedogenic carbonate (minimum age, 45.1 ± 0.6 ka) and <sup>10</sup>Be on boulder-top samples using forward modeling (preferred age, 50 ± 5 ka) provides broadly consistent constraints on the age of the fan surface and helps to elucidate its postdepositional development.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/B30018.1","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, K.E., Sharp, W.D., Kendrick, K.J., Behr, W.M., Hudnut, K.W., and Hanks, T.C., 2010, 230Th/U dating of a late Pleistocene alluvial fan along the southern San Andreas fault: GSA Bulletin, v. 122, no. 9-10, p. 1347-1359, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30018.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1347","endPage":"1359","ipdsId":"IP-012684","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coachella Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.13510131835938,\n              33.46696235807553\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.04995727539064,\n              33.58144708224173\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.07879638671874,\n              33.65806700735442\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.07879638671874,\n              33.720913019358676\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.24633789062499,\n              33.863573814253485\n            ],\n            [\n      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         -116.13510131835938,\n              33.46696235807553\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539a2a23e4b0a59b26497040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, Kathryn E.K.","contributorId":25050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharp, Warren D.","contributorId":72272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendrick, Katherine J. 0000-0002-9839-6861 kendrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-6861","contributorId":2716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendrick","given":"Katherine","email":"kendrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Behr, Whitney M.","contributorId":21040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behr","given":"Whitney","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C. 0000-0003-0928-0056 thanks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-0056","contributorId":3065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","email":"thanks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70042477,"text":"70042477 - 2010 - Meeting report: knowledge and gaps in developing microbial criteria for inland recreational waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T10:13:36","indexId":"70042477","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meeting report: knowledge and gaps in developing microbial criteria for inland recreational waters","docAbstract":"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has committed to issuing in 2012 new or revised criteria designed to protect the health of those who use surface waters for recreation. For this purpose, the U.S. EPA has been conducting epidemiologic studies to establish relationships between microbial measures of water quality and adverse health outcomes among swimmers. New methods for testing water quality that would provide same-day results will likely be elements of the new criteria. Although the epidemiologic studies upon which the criteria will be based were conducted at Great Lakes and marine beaches, the new water quality criteria may be extended to inland waters (IWs). Similarities and important differences between coastal waters (CWs) and IWs that should be considered when developing criteria for IWs were the focus of an expert workshop. Here, we summarize the state of knowledge and research needed to base IWs microbial criteria on sound science. Two key differences between CWs and IWs are the sources of indicator bacteria, which may modify the relationship between indicator microbes and health risk, and the relationship between indicators and pathogens, which also may vary within IWs. Monitoring using rapid molecular methods will require the standardization and simplification of analytical methods, as well as greater clarity about their interpretation. Research needs for the short term and longer term are described.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Health Perspectives","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","publisherLocation":"Research Triangle Park, NC","doi":"10.1289/ehp.0901627","usgsCitation":"Dorevitch, S., Ashbolt, N.J., Ferguson, C.M., Fujioka, R., McGee, C.D., Soller, J.A., and Whitman, R.L., 2010, Meeting report: knowledge and gaps in developing microbial criteria for inland recreational waters: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 118, no. 6, p. 871-876, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901627.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"871","endPage":"876","ipdsId":"IP-019710","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901627","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268744,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901627"},{"id":268746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51372207e4b02ab8869bffef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorevitch, Samuel","contributorId":86655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorevitch","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashbolt, Nicholas J.","contributorId":16725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashbolt","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferguson, Christobel M.","contributorId":39262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Christobel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fujioka, Roger","contributorId":93353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujioka","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGee, Charles D.","contributorId":87430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Soller, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":63694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70042290,"text":"70042290 - 2010 - Precise tremor source locations and amplitude variations along the lower-crustal central San Andreas Fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-09T15:32:52","indexId":"70042290","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precise tremor source locations and amplitude variations along the lower-crustal central San Andreas Fault","docAbstract":"We precisely locate 88 tremor families along the central San Andreas Fault using a 3D velocity model and numerous P and S wave arrival times estimated from seismogram stacks of up to 400 events per tremor family. Maximum tremor amplitudes vary along the fault by at least a factor of 7, with by far the strongest sources along a 25 km section of the fault southeast of Parkfield. We also identify many weaker tremor families, which have largely escaped prior detection. Together, these sources extend 150 km along the fault, beneath creeping, transitional, and locked sections of the upper crustal fault. Depths are mostly between 18 and 28 km, in the lower crust. Epicenters are concentrated within 3 km of the surface trace, implying a nearly vertical fault. A prominent gap in detectible activity is located directly beneath the region of maximum slip in the 2004 magnitude 6.0 Parkfield earthquake.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010GL043672","usgsCitation":"Shelly, D.R., and Hardebeck, J.L., 2010, Precise tremor source locations and amplitude variations along the lower-crustal central San Andreas Fault: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 37, no. 14, L14301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043672.","productDescription":"L14301","ipdsId":"IP-021380","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010gl043672","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268982,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043672"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42.0 ], [ -114.1,42.0 ], [ -114.1,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"37","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6c56e4b0b290851047e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780 jhardebeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"jhardebeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70003630,"text":"70003630 - 2010 - Use of geochemical, isotopic, and age tracer data to develop models of groundwater flow for the purpose of water management, northern High Plains aquifer, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T17:11:30.015372","indexId":"70003630","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of geochemical, isotopic, and age tracer data to develop models of groundwater flow for the purpose of water management, northern High Plains aquifer, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>A prolonged drought in the High Plains of Nebraska prompted the use of groundwater for cooling at the largest coal-fired power plant in the State. Prior to the drought, groundwater was used primarily for irrigation and the power plant relied exclusively on surface water stored in a nearby reservoir for cooling. Seepage from the reservoir system during the past ∼75</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>a has resulted in the buildup of a large mound of water in the underlying unconfined aquifer. A well field was installed during the drought for the purpose of tapping the groundwater mound as a supplemental source of water for cooling. Concentrations of dissolved Cl</span><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></span></span></span><span>&nbsp;indicate 65–100% of shallow groundwater and 0–100% of deep groundwater (saturated thickness ∼115</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m) in the immediate vicinity of the reservoir was from seepage out of the reservoir system. Hydrogen and O isotopic data indicate most surface-water seepage occurred in the late spring and early summer when reservoir stage was at its highest level. Tritium/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He apparent groundwater ages imply horizontal flow velocities from the reservoir were on the order of 60–600</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m/a. These diverse data provided information regarding the spatial distribution, timing, and rate of seepage from the reservoir that could not have been obtained from the available geologic, hydraulic head, and conductivity data. In particular, mixing fractions of surface water and regional groundwater in the aquifer could not have been determined using hydraulic information. Mixing fractions were of special interest in this study because of the management objective to maximize the capture of surface-water seepage in the cooling water wells. Groundwater-flow models developed as well-field management tools were calibrated using inverse modeling techniques and observations of groundwater age, surface-water flow, reservoir stage, and groundwater levels. The age data only accounted for 6 of the 2574 field observations used to calibrate the groundwater-flow models, yet they were among the most influential for refining estimates of hydraulic conductivity, recharge, and seepage from the reservoir. Results from this study demonstrate the benefits of using geochemical, isotopic, and age tracer data to develop conceptual and numerical models of groundwater flow for the purpose of water management.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.04.001","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., Carney, C.P., Poeter, E.P., and Peterson, S.M., 2010, Use of geochemical, isotopic, and age tracer data to develop models of groundwater flow for the purpose of water management, northern High Plains aquifer, USA: PNAS, v. 25, no. 6, p. 910-922, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.04.001.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"910","endPage":"922","ipdsId":"IP-016647","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.38870239257812,\n              40.93634011692373\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.98907470703124,\n              40.93634011692373\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.98907470703124,\n              41.26438836965208\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.38870239257812,\n              41.26438836965208\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.38870239257812,\n              40.93634011692373\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b300e3e4b01368e589e3cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carney, C. P.","contributorId":100084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carney","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poeter, E. P.","contributorId":63851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poeter","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, Steven M. 0000-0002-9130-1284 speterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-1284","contributorId":847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Steven","email":"speterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043683,"text":"70043683 - 2010 - Amplification and transport of an endemic fish disease by an introduced species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-11T13:32:43","indexId":"70043683","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amplification and transport of an endemic fish disease by an introduced species","docAbstract":"The introduction of American shad from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast of North America in the late 1800’s and the subsequent population expansion in the 1980’s resulted in the amplification of Ichthyophonus sp., a Mesomycetozoean parasite of wild marine fishes. Sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA gene complex (small subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions) and Ichthyophonus epidemiological characteristics indicate a low probability that Ichthyophonus was co-introduced with American shad from the Atlantic; rather, Ichthyophonus was likely endemic to marine areas of the Pacific region and amplified by the expanding population of a highly susceptible host species. The migratory life history of shad resulted in the transport of amplified Ichthyophonus from its endemic region in the NE Pacific to the Columbia River watershed. An Ichthyophonus epizootic occurred among American shad in the Columbia River during 2007, when infection prevalence was 72%, and 57% of the infections were scored as moderate or heavy intensities. The epizootic occurred near the record peak of shad biomass in the Columbia River, and corresponded to an influx of 1,595 mt of infected shad tissues into the Columbia River. A high potential for parasite spillback and the establishment of a freshwater Ichthyophonus life cycle in the Columbia River results from currently elevated infection pressures, broad host range, plasticity in Ichthyophonus life history stages, and precedents for establishment of the parasite in other freshwater systems. The results raise questions regarding the risk for sympatric salmonids and the role of Ichthyophonus as a population-limiting factor affecting American shad in the Columbia River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10530-010-9760-5","usgsCitation":"Hershberger, P., Leeuw, B., Jacob, G., Grady, C., Lujan, K., Gutenberger, S., Purcell, M., Woodson, J., Winton, J., and Parsley, M., 2010, Amplification and transport of an endemic fish disease by an introduced species: Biological Invasions, v. 12, no. 11, p. 3665-3675, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9760-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3665","endPage":"3675","ipdsId":"IP-021310","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270817,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9760-5"}],"volume":"12","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167db66e4b0ec0efb666f0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hershberger, Paul","contributorId":92557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leeuw, Bjorn","contributorId":45981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeuw","given":"Bjorn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacob, Gregg","contributorId":14709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacob","given":"Gregg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grady, Courtney","contributorId":39671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grady","given":"Courtney","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lujan, Kenneth","contributorId":80159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lujan","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gutenberger, Susan","contributorId":98190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutenberger","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K. mpurcell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen K.","email":"mpurcell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Woodson, James","contributorId":86664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodson","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Winton, James","contributorId":53897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Parsley, Michael","contributorId":52060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70043486,"text":"70043486 - 2010 - Longitudinal structure in temperate stream fish communities: evaluating conceptual models with temporal data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-26T14:31:33","indexId":"70043486","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Longitudinal structure in temperate stream fish communities: evaluating conceptual models with temporal data","docAbstract":"Five conceptual models of longitudinal fish community organization in streams were examined: (1) niche diversity model (NDM), (2) stream continuum model (SCM), (3) immigrant accessibility model (IAM), (4) environmental stability model (ESM), and (5) adventitious stream model (ASM). We used differences among models in their predictions about temporal species turnover, along with five spatiotemporal fish community data sets, to evaluate model applicability. Models were similar in predicting a positive species richness–stream size relationship and longitudinal species nestedness, but differed in predicting either similar temporal species turnover throughout the stream continuum (NDM, SCM), higher turnover upstream (IAM, ESM), or higher turnover downstream (ASM). We calculated measures of spatial and temporal variation from spatiotemporal fish data in five wadeable streams in central and eastern North America spanning 34–68 years (French Creek [New York], Piasa Creek [Illinois], Spruce Run [Virginia], Little Stony Creek [Virginia], and Sinking Creek [Virginia]). All streams exhibited substantial species turnover (i.e., at least 27% turnover in stream-scale species pools), in contrast to the predictions of the SCM. Furthermore, community change was greater in downstream than upstream reaches in four of five streams. This result is most consistent with the ASM and suggests that downstream communities are strongly influenced by migrants to and from species pools outside the focal stream. In Sinking Creek, which is isolated from external species pools, temporal species turnover (via increased richness) was higher upstream than downstream, which is a pattern most consistent with the IAM or ESM. These results corroborate the hypothesis that temperate stream habitats and fish communities are temporally dynamic and that fish migration and environmental disturbances play fundamental roles in stream fish community organization.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Community ecology of stream fishes : concepts, approaches, and techniques; American Fisheries Symposium 73","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Roberts, J.H., and Hitt, N.P., 2010, Longitudinal structure in temperate stream fish communities: evaluating conceptual models with temporal data, <i>in</i> Community ecology of stream fishes : concepts, approaches, and techniques; American Fisheries Symposium 73, 19 p.","productDescription":"19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-024159","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5152c398e4b01197b08e9cb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, James H.","contributorId":83811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568 nhitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":4435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nhitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043695,"text":"70043695 - 2010 - Identification, characterization and genetic mapping of TLR7, TLR8a1 and TLR8a2 genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T14:40:30","indexId":"70043695","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1383,"text":"Developmental and Comparative Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification, characterization and genetic mapping of TLR7, TLR8a1 and TLR8a2 genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"Induction of the innate immune pathways is critical for early anti-viral defense but there is limited understanding of how teleost fish recognize viral molecules and activate these pathways. In mammals, Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8 bind single-stranded RNA of viral origin and are activated by synthetic anti-viral imidazoquinoline compounds. Herein, we identify and describe the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) TLR7 and TLR8 gene orthologs and their mRNA expression. Two TLR7/8 loci were identified from a rainbow trout bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library using DNA fingerprinting and genetic linkage analyses. Direct sequencing of two representative BACs revealed intact omTLR7 and omTLR8a1 open reading frames (ORFs) located on chromosome 3 and a second locus on chromosome 22 that contains an omTLR8a2 ORF and a putative TLR7 pseudogene. We used the omTLR8a1/2 nomenclature for the two trout TLR8 genes as phylogenetic analysis revealed that they and all the other teleost TLR8 genes sequenced to date are similar to the zebrafish TLR8a, but are distinct from the zebrafish TLR8b. The duplicated trout loci exhibit conserved synteny with other fish genomes extending beyond the tandem of TLR7/8 genes. The trout TLR7 and 8a1/2 genes are composed of a single large exon similar to all other described TLR7/8 genes. The omTLR7 ORF is predicted to encode a 1049 amino acid (aa) protein with 84% similarity to the Fugu TLR7 and a conserved pattern of predicted leucine-rich repeats (LRR). The omTLR8a1 and omTLR8a2 are predicted to encode 1035- and 1034-aa proteins, respectively, and have 86% similarity to each other. omTLR8a1 is likely the ortholog of the only Atlantic salmon TLR8 gene described to date as they have 95% aa sequence similarity. The tissue expression profiles of omTLR7, omTLR8a1 and omTLR8a2 in healthy trout were highest in spleen tissue followed by anterior and then posterior kidney tissues. Rainbow trout anterior kidney leukocytes produced elevated levels of pro-inflammatory and type I interferon cytokines mRNA in response to stimulation with the human TLR7/8 agonist R848 or the TLR3 agonist poly I:C. Only poly I:C-induced IFN2 transcription was significantly suppressed in the presence of chloroquine, a compound known to block endosomal acidification and inhibit endosomal maturation. The effect of chloroquine on R848-induced cytokine expression was equivocal and so it remains questionable whether rainbow trout recognition of R848 requires endosomal maturation. TLR7 and TLR8a1 expression levels in rainbow trout anterior kidney leukocytes were not affected by poly I:C or R848 treatments, but surprisingly, TLR8a2 expression was moderately down-regulated by R848. The down-regulation of omTLR8a2 may imply that this gene has evolved to a new or altered function in rainbow trout, as often occurs when the two duplicated genes remain active.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Developmental and Comparative Immunology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2009.10.002","usgsCitation":"Palti, Y., Gahr, S.A., Purcell, M., Hadidi, S., Rexroad, C.E., and Wiens, G., 2010, Identification, characterization and genetic mapping of TLR7, TLR8a1 and TLR8a2 genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Developmental and Comparative Immunology, v. 34, no. 2, p. 219-233, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2009.10.002.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"233","ipdsId":"IP-017141","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273331,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2009.10.002"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b05de6e4b030b51980121f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palti, Yniv","contributorId":46856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palti","given":"Yniv","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gahr, Scott A.","contributorId":32057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gahr","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K.","contributorId":104214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hadidi, Sima","contributorId":60936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hadidi","given":"Sima","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rexroad, Caird E. III","contributorId":45203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rexroad","given":"Caird","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wiens, Gregory A.","contributorId":66993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiens","given":"Gregory A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70043685,"text":"70043685 - 2010 - Improving inferences from fisheries capture-recapture studies through remote detection of PIT tags","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-06T13:58:33","indexId":"70043685","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving inferences from fisheries capture-recapture studies through remote detection of PIT tags","docAbstract":"Models for capture-recapture data are commonly used in analyses of the dynamics of fish and wildlife populations, especially for estimating vital parameters such as survival. Capture-recapture methods provide more reliable inferences than other methods commonly used in fisheries studies. However, for rare or elusive fish species, parameter estimation is often hampered by small probabilities of re-encountering tagged fish when encounters are obtained through traditional sampling methods. We present a case study that demonstrates how remote antennas for passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags can increase encounter probabilities and the precision of survival estimates from capture-recapture models. Between 1999 and 2007, trammel nets were used to capture and tag over 8,400 endangered adult Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) during the spawning season in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. Despite intensive sampling at relatively discrete spawning areas, encounter probabilities from Cormack-Jolly-Seber models were consistently low (< 0.2) and the precision of apparent annual survival estimates was poor. Beginning in 2005, remote PIT tag antennas were deployed at known spawning locations to increase the probability of re-encountering tagged fish. We compare results based only on physical recaptures with results based on both physical recaptures and remote detections to demonstrate the substantial improvement in estimates of encounter probabilities (approaching 100%) and apparent annual survival provided by the remote detections. The richer encounter histories provided robust inferences about the dynamics of annual survival and have made it possible to explore more realistic models and hypotheses about factors affecting the conservation and recovery of this endangered species. Recent advances in technology related to PIT tags have paved the way for creative implementation of large-scale tagging studies in systems where they were previously considered impracticable.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446-35.5.217","usgsCitation":"Hewitt, D.A., Janney, E.C., Hayes, B., and Shively, R.S., 2010, Improving inferences from fisheries capture-recapture studies through remote detection of PIT tags: Fisheries, v. 35, no. 5, p. 217-231, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446-35.5.217.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"231","ipdsId":"IP-016069","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273407,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446-35.5.217"}],"volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b1bbd3e4b022a6a540f9e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hewitt, David A. 0000-0002-5387-0275 dhewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5387-0275","contributorId":3767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hewitt","given":"David","email":"dhewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janney, Eric C. 0000-0002-0228-2174","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0228-2174","contributorId":83629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janney","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, Brian S. 0000-0001-8229-4070","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8229-4070","contributorId":37022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Brian S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shively, Rip S. rsshively@usgs.gov","contributorId":233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"Rip","email":"rsshively@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043688,"text":"70043688 - 2010 - An experimental vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila can induce protection in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-11T13:48:42","indexId":"70043688","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An experimental vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila can induce protection in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)","docAbstract":"A candidate vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, was developed using a bacterial lysate. To test the strength of protection, A. hydrophila challenge models were compared using injection into both the intraperitoneal (IP) cavity and the dorsal sinus (DS) with selected doses of live bacteria washed in saline or left untreated. Unlike the IP route, injection into the DS with either saline washed or unwashed cells resulted in consistent cumulative mortality and a dose response that could be used to establish a standard challenge having an LD<sub>50</sub> of approximately 3 × 10<sup>7</sup> colony forming units per fish. Survivors of the challenge suffered significantly lower mortality upon re-challenge than naïve fish, suggesting a high level of acquired resistance was elicited by infection. Passive immunization using serum from hyper-immunized fish also resulted in significantly reduced mortality indicating protection can be transferred and that some portion of resistance may be antibody mediated. Vaccination of groups of rainbow trout with A. hydrophila lysate resulted in significant protection against a high challenge dose but only when injected along with Freund’s complete adjuvant. At a low challenge dose, mortality in all groups was low, but the bacterial lysate alone appeared to offer some protection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing Ltd","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01098.x","usgsCitation":"LaPatra, S., Plant, K., Alcorn, S., Ostland, V., and Winton, J., 2010, An experimental vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila can induce protection in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum): Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 33, no. 2, p. 143-151, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01098.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"151","ipdsId":"IP-017127","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270821,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01098.x"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167db66e4b0ec0efb666f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaPatra, S. E.","contributorId":55371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaPatra","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plant, K.P.","contributorId":92141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alcorn, S.","contributorId":17814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alcorn","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ostland, V.","contributorId":97776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostland","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winton, J.","contributorId":55627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70044487,"text":"70044487 - 2010 - Geologic characteristics and movement of the Meadow Creek landslide, part of the Coal Hill landslide complex, western Kane County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-30T09:43:04","indexId":"70044487","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3672,"text":"Utah Geological Association Publication 39: Geology of South-Central Utah","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic characteristics and movement of the Meadow Creek landslide, part of the Coal Hill landslide complex, western Kane County, Utah","docAbstract":"The Meadow Creek landslide, part of the Coal Hill landslide complex in western Kane County, Utah, is about 1.7 miles (2.7 km) wide and 1.3 miles (2.1 km) long and contains six smaller historical slides.  The upper part of the Meadow Creek landslide is gently sloping and consists of displaced and back-rotated blocks of Cretaceous Dakota and Cedar Mountain Formations that form northeast- to locally east-trending ridges that are separated by sediment-filled half-grabens.  The lower part of the landslide is gently to moderately sloping, locally incised, and consists of heterogeneous debris that overrides the Jurassic Carmel Formation near Meadow Creek.  Monitoring using a survey-grade Global Positioning System (GPS) instrument detected movement of the southern part of the Meadow Creek landslide between October 2005 and October 2008, including movement of two of the historical slides-landslides 1 and 2.  The most movement during the measurement period occurred within the limits of persistently moving landslide 1 and ranged from about 24 to 64 inches (61-163 cm).  Movement of the abutting southern part of the Meadow Creek landslide ranged from approximately 6 to 10 inches (15-25 cm).  State Route 9 crosses over approximately a mile (1.6 km) of the southern part of the Meadow Creek landslide, including landslide 1.  The highway and its predecessor (State Route 15) have been periodically displaced and damaged by persistent movement of landslide 1.  Most of the landslide characteristics, particularly its size, probable depth, and the inferred weak strength and low permeability of clay-rich gouge derived from the Dakota and Cedar Mountain Formations, are adverse to and pose significant challenges to landslide stabilization.  Secondary hazards include piping-induced sinkholes along scarps and ground cracks, and debris flows and rock falls from the main-scarp escarpment.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Utah Geological Association Publication 39: Geology of South-Central Utah","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological Association","usgsCitation":"Ashland, F., and McDonald, G.N., 2010, Geologic characteristics and movement of the Meadow Creek landslide, part of the Coal Hill landslide complex, western Kane County, Utah: Utah Geological Association Publication 39: Geology of South-Central Utah, p. 38-60.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"60","ipdsId":"IP-022555","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273004,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273003,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://landslides.usgs.gov/docs/ashland/UGA39-Ashland&McDonald2010.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Kane County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.9059,37.0 ], [ -112.9059,37.545 ], [ -110.6406,37.545 ], [ -110.6406,37.0 ], [ -112.9059,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a874e3e4b082d85d5ed88f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Carney, Stephanie M.","contributorId":112925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carney","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509261,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tabet, David E.","contributorId":114104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tabet","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509262,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Cari L.","contributorId":75040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Cari","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509260,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Ashland, Francis X.","contributorId":70677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashland","given":"Francis X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Greg N.","contributorId":43658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045050,"text":"70045050 - 2010 - Estimating the timing and location of shallow rainfall-induced landslides using a model for transient, unsaturated infiltration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T10:11:09","indexId":"70045050","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the timing and location of shallow rainfall-induced landslides using a model for transient, unsaturated infiltration","docAbstract":"Shallow rainfall-induced landslides commonly occur under conditions of transient infiltration into initially unsaturated soils. In an effort to predict the timing and location of such landslides, we developed a model of the infiltration process using a two-layer system that consists of an unsaturated zone above a saturated zone and implemented this model in a geographic information system (GIS) framework. The model links analytical solutions for transient, unsaturated, vertical infiltration above the water table to pressure-diffusion solutions for pressure changes below the water table. The solutions are coupled through a transient water table that rises as water accumulates at the base of the unsaturated zone. This scheme, though limited to simplified soil-water characteristics and moist initial conditions, greatly improves computational efficiency over numerical models in spatially distributed modeling applications. Pore pressures computed by these coupled models are subsequently used in one-dimensional slope-stability computations to estimate the timing and locations of slope failures. Applied over a digital landscape near Seattle, Washington, for an hourly rainfall history known to trigger shallow landslides, the model computes a factor of safety for each grid cell at any time during a rainstorm. The unsaturated layer attenuates and delays the rainfall-induced pore-pressure response of the model at depth, consistent with observations at an instrumented hillside near Edmonds, Washington. This attenuation results in realistic estimates of timing for the onset of slope instability (7 h earlier than observed landslides, on average). By considering the spatial distribution of physical properties, the model predicts the primary source areas of landslides.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2009JF001321","usgsCitation":"Baum, R.L., Godt, J.W., and Savage, W.Z., 2010, Estimating the timing and location of shallow rainfall-induced landslides using a model for transient, unsaturated infiltration: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 115, no. F3, F03013, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001321.","productDescription":"F03013","ipdsId":"IP-012858","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272206,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001321"}],"volume":"115","issue":"F3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5816e4b0b290850f7ddd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, William Z.","contributorId":107686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044309,"text":"70044309 - 2010 - Influence of hummocks and emergent vegetation on hydraulic performance in a surface flow wastewater treatment wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T15:50:12","indexId":"70044309","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of hummocks and emergent vegetation on hydraulic performance in a surface flow wastewater treatment wetland","docAbstract":"<p><span>A series of tracer experiments were conducted biannually at the start and end of the vegetation growing season in a surface flow wastewater treatment wetland located near Phoenix, AZ. Tracer experiments were conducted prior to and following reconfiguration and replanting of a 1.2 ha treatment wetland from its original design of alternating shallow and deep zones to incorporate hummocks (shallow planting beds situated perpendicular to flow). Tracer test data were analyzed using analysis of moments and the one‐dimensional transport with inflow and storage numerical model to evaluate the effects of the seasonal vegetation growth cycle and hummocks on solute transport. Following reconfiguration, vegetation coverage was relatively small, and minor changes in spatial distribution influenced wetland hydraulics. During start‐up conditions, the wetland underwent an acclimation period characterized by small vegetation coverage and large transport cross‐sectional areas. At the start of the growing season, new growth of emergent vegetation enhanced hydraulic performance. At the end of the growing season, senescing vegetation created short‐circuiting. Wetland hydrodynamics were associated with high volumetric efficiencies and velocity heterogeneities. The hummock design resulted in breakthrough curves characterized by multiple secondary tracer peaks indicative of varied flow paths created by bottom topography.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010WR009512","usgsCitation":"Keefe, S.H., Daniels, J.S., Runkel, R.L., Wass, R.D., Stiles, E.A., and Barber, L.B., 2010, Influence of hummocks and emergent vegetation on hydraulic performance in a surface flow wastewater treatment wetland: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. 11, W11518; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009512.","productDescription":"W11518; 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-007397","costCenters":[{"id":435,"text":"National Research Program - Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr009512","text":"Publisher Index 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,{"id":70045705,"text":"70045705 - 2010 - Model-based evaluation of highly and low pathogenic avian influenza dynamics in wild birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-30T10:54:26","indexId":"70045705","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Model-based evaluation of highly and low pathogenic avian influenza dynamics in wild birds","docAbstract":"There is growing interest in avian influenza (AI) epidemiology to predict disease risk in wild and domestic birds, and prevent transmission to humans. However, understanding the epidemic dynamics of highly pathogenic (HPAI) viruses remains challenging because they have rarely been detected in wild birds. We used modeling to integrate available scientific information from laboratory and field studies, evaluate AI dynamics in individual hosts and waterfowl populations, and identify key areas for future research. We developed a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model and used published laboratory challenge studies to estimate epidemiological parameters (rate of infection, latency period, recovery and mortality rates), considering the importance of age classes, and virus pathogenicity. Infectious contact leads to infection and virus shedding within 1–2 days, followed by relatively slower period for recovery or mortality. We found a shorter infectious period for HPAI than low pathogenic (LP) AI, which may explain that HPAI has been much harder to detect than LPAI during surveillance programs. Our model predicted a rapid LPAI epidemic curve, with a median duration of infection of 50–60 days and no fatalities. In contrast, HPAI dynamics had lower prevalence and higher mortality, especially in young birds. Based on field data from LPAI studies, our model suggests to increase surveillance for HPAI in post-breeding areas, because the presence of immunologically naïve young birds is predicted to cause higher HPAI prevalence and bird losses during this season. Our results indicate a better understanding of the transmission, infection, and immunity-related processes is required to refine predictions of AI risk and spread, improve surveillance for HPAI in wild birds, and develop disease control strategies to reduce potential transmission to domestic birds and/or humans.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","usgsCitation":"Hénaux, V., Samuel, M.D., and Bunck, C.M., 2010, Model-based evaluation of highly and low pathogenic avian influenza dynamics in wild birds: PLoS ONE, v. 5, no. 6, e10997.","productDescription":"e10997","costCenters":[{"id":675,"text":"Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5180e7e8e4b0df838b924d75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hénaux, Viviane","contributorId":47670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hénaux","given":"Viviane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunck, Christine M. cbunck@usgs.gov","contributorId":731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"Christine","email":"cbunck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044492,"text":"70044492 - 2010 - Aviation response to a widely dispersed volcanic ash and gas cloud from the August 2008 eruption of Kasatochi, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-10T22:29:28","indexId":"70044492","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aviation response to a widely dispersed volcanic ash and gas cloud from the August 2008 eruption of Kasatochi, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"The extensive volcanic cloud from Kasatochi's 2008 eruption caused widespread disruptions to aviation operations along Pacific oceanic, Canadian, and U.S. air routes. Based on aviation hazard warnings issued by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Geological Survey, the Federal Aviation Administration, and Meteorological Service of Canada, air carriers largely avoided the volcanic cloud over a 5 day period by route modifications and flight cancellations. Comparison of time coincident GOES thermal infrared (TIR) data for ash detection with Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) ultraviolet data for SO<sub>2</sub> detection shows congruent areas of ash and gas in the volcanic cloud in the 2 days following onset of ash production. After about 2.5 days, the area of SO<sub>2</sub> detected by OMI was more extensive than the area of ash indicated by TIR data, indicating significant ash depletion by fall out had occurred. Pilot reports of visible haze at cruise altitudes over Canada and the northern United States suggested that SO<sub>2</sub> gas had converted to sulfate aerosols. Uncertain about the hazard potential of the aging cloud, airlines coped by flying over, under, or around the observed haze layer. Samples from a nondamaging aircraft encounter with Kasatochi's nearly 3 day old cloud contained volcanic silicate particles, confirming that some fine ash is present in predominantly gas clouds. The aircraft's exposure to ash was insufficient to cause engine damage; however, slightly damaging encounters with volcanic clouds from eruptions of Reventador in 2002 and Hekla in 2000 indicate the possibility of lingering hazards associated with old and/or diffuse volcanic clouds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010JD013868","usgsCitation":"Guffanti, M., Schneider, D.J., Wallace, K., Hall, T., Bensimon, D.R., and Salinas, L.J., 2010, Aviation response to a widely dispersed volcanic ash and gas cloud from the August 2008 eruption of Kasatochi, Alaska, USA: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 115, no. D2, D00L19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD013868.","productDescription":"D00L19","ipdsId":"IP-018797","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270801,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JD013868"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kasatochi","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -175.53276,52.159789 ], [ -175.53276,52.190495 ], [ -175.482788,52.190495 ], [ -175.482788,52.159789 ], [ -175.53276,52.159789 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","issue":"D2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516689e0e4b0bba30b388bbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guffanti, Marianne","contributorId":68257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"Marianne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, David J. 0000-0001-9092-1054 djschneider@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-1054","contributorId":633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"David","email":"djschneider@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Kristi L.","contributorId":20054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Kristi L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hall, Tony","contributorId":29284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Tony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bensimon, Dov R.","contributorId":99852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bensimon","given":"Dov","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Salinas, Leonard J.","contributorId":86660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salinas","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70044511,"text":"70044511 - 2010 - Testing mixing models of old and young groundwater in a tropical lowland rain forest with environmental tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T11:09:54","indexId":"70044511","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing mixing models of old and young groundwater in a tropical lowland rain forest with environmental tracers","docAbstract":"<p><span>We tested three models of mixing between old interbasin groundwater flow (IGF) and young, locally derived groundwater in a lowland rain forest in Costa Rica using a large suite of environmental tracers. We focus on the young fraction of water using the transient tracers CFC‐11, CFC‐12, CFC‐113, SF</span><sub>6</sub><span>,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>3</sup><span>H, and bomb<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>14</sup><span>C. We measured<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>3</sup><span>He, but<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He dating is generally problematic due to the presence of mantle<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>3</sup><span>He. Because of their unique concentration histories in the atmosphere, combinations of transient tracers are sensitive not only to subsurface travel times but also to mixing between waters having different travel times. Samples fall into three distinct categories: (1) young waters that plot along a piston flow line, (2) old samples that have near‐zero concentrations of the transient tracers, and (3) mixtures of 1 and 2. We have modeled the concentrations of the transient tracers using (1) a binary mixing model (BMM) of old and young water with the young fraction transported via piston flow, (2) an exponential mixing model (EMM) with a distribution of groundwater travel times characterized by a mean value, and (3) an exponential mixing model for the young fraction followed by binary mixing with an old fraction (EMM/BMM). In spite of the mathematical differences in the mixing models, they all lead to a similar conceptual model of young (0 to 10 year) groundwater that is locally derived mixing with old (&gt;1000 years) groundwater that is recharged beyond the surface water boundary of the system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009WR008341","usgsCitation":"Solomon, D., Genereux, D., Plummer, N., and Busenberg, E., 2010, Testing mixing models of old and young groundwater in a tropical lowland rain forest with environmental tracers: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. 4, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008341.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-013232","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.96578,8.22503],[-83.50844,8.44693],[-83.71147,8.65684],[-83.59631,8.83044],[-83.63264,9.05139],[-83.90989,9.2908],[-84.3034,9.48735],[-84.64764,9.61554],[-84.71335,9.90805],[-84.97566,10.08672],[-84.91137,9.79599],[-85.11092,9.55704],[-85.33949,9.83454],[-85.66079,9.93335],[-85.79744,10.13489],[-85.79171,10.43934],[-85.65931,10.75433],[-85.94173,10.89528],[-85.71254,11.08844],[-85.56185,11.21712],[-84.903,10.9523],[-84.67307,11.08266],[-84.35593,10.99923],[-84.19018,10.79345],[-83.89505,10.72684],[-83.65561,10.93876],[-83.40232,10.39544],[-83.01568,9.99298],[-82.5462,9.56613],[-82.93289,9.47681],[-82.92715,9.07433],[-82.71918,8.92571],[-82.86866,8.80727],[-82.82977,8.6263],[-82.91318,8.42352],[-82.96578,8.22503]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Costa Rica\"}}]}","volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51653873e4b077fa94dae022","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solomon, D. Kip","contributorId":71441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"D. Kip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Genereux, David P.","contributorId":43649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genereux","given":"David P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044453,"text":"70044453 - 2010 - A proposed lexicon of terms and concepts for human-bear management in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T23:47:48","indexId":"70044453","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A proposed lexicon of terms and concepts for human-bear management in North America","docAbstract":"We believe that communication within and among agency personnel in the United States and Canada about the successes and failures of their human–bear (Ursidae) management programs will increase the effectiveness of these programs and of bear research. To communicate more effectively, we suggest agencies clearly define terms and concepts used in human–bear management and use them in a consistent manner. We constructed a human–bear management lexicon of terms and concepts using a modified Delphi method to provide a resource that facilitates more effective communication among human–bear management agencies. Specifically, we defined 40 terms and concepts in human–bear management and suggest definitions based on discussions with 13 other professionals from the United States and Canada. Although new terms and concepts will emerge in the future and definitions will evolve as we learn more about bear behavior and ecology, our purpose is to suggest working definitions for terms and concepts to help guide human–bear management and research activities in North America. Applications or revisions of these definitions may be useful outside of North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ursus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ursus","publisherLocation":"http://www.bearbiology.com","doi":"10.2192/URSUS-D-10-00005.1","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, J.B., Herrero, S., Shideler, R.T., Gunther, K.A., Schwartz, C.C., and Kalinowski, S.T., 2010, A proposed lexicon of terms and concepts for human-bear management in North America: Ursus, v. 21, no. 2, p. 154-168, https://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-10-00005.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"168","ipdsId":"IP-020665","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270763,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-10-00005.1"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 177.1,5.6 ], [ 177.1,85.4 ], [ -4.0,85.4 ], [ -4.0,5.6 ], [ 177.1,5.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5165385fe4b077fa94dadf57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopkins, John B. III","contributorId":42112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"John","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrero, Stephen","contributorId":39269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrero","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shideler, Richard T.","contributorId":7979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shideler","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gunther, Kerry A.","contributorId":84621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunther","given":"Kerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5118,"text":"Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Bear Management Office, P.O. Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":475653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":55950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kalinowski, Steven T.","contributorId":78465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalinowski","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70041792,"text":"70041792 - 2010 - Introduction to special section on phenomenology, underlying processes, and hazard implications of aseismic slip and nonvolcanic tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:30:24","indexId":"70041792","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to special section on phenomenology, underlying processes, and hazard implications of aseismic slip and nonvolcanic tremor","docAbstract":"This paper introduces the special section on the \"phenomenology, underlying processes, and hazard implications of aseismic slip and nonvolcanic tremor\" by highlighting key results of the studies published in it. Many of the results indicate that seismic and aseismic manifestations of slow slip reflect transient shear displacements on the plate interface, with the outstanding exception of northern Cascadia where tremor sources have been located on and above the plate interface (differing models of the plate interface there also need to be reconciled). Slow slip phenomena appear to result from propagating deformation that may develop with persistent gaps and segment boundaries. Results add to evidence that when tectonic deformation is relaxed via slow slip, most relaxation occurs aseismically but with seismic signals providing higher-resolution proxies for the aseismic slip. Instead of two distinct slip modes as suggested previously, lines between \"fast\" and \"slow\" slip more appropriately may be described as blurry zones. Results reported also show that slow slip sources do not coincide with a specific temperature or metamorphic reaction. Their associations with zones of high conductivity and low shear to compressional wave velocity ratios corroborate source models involving pore fluid pressure buildup and release. These models and spatial anticorrelations between earthquake and tremor activity also corroborate a linkage between slow slip and frictional properties transitional between steady state and stick-slip. Finally, this special section highlights the benefits of global and multidisciplinary studies, which demonstrate that slow phenomena are not confined to beneath the locked zone but exist in many settings.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010JB008052","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., 2010, Introduction to special section on phenomenology, underlying processes, and hazard implications of aseismic slip and nonvolcanic tremor: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 115, 6 p.; B00A00, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008052.","productDescription":"6 p.; B00A00","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-025538","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb008052","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264105,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008052"}],"country":"United States","volume":"115","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20c51e4b08b071e771b86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, Joan","contributorId":77919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042288,"text":"70042288 - 2010 - Aftershocks are well aligned with the background stress field, contradicting the hypothesis of highly-heterogeneous crustal stress","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T12:38:43","indexId":"70042288","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aftershocks are well aligned with the background stress field, contradicting the hypothesis of highly-heterogeneous crustal stress","docAbstract":"It has been proposed that the crustal stress field contains small-length-scale heterogeneity of much larger amplitude than the uniform background stress. This model predicts that earthquake focal mechanisms should reflect the loading stress rather than the uniform background stress. So, if the heterogeneous stress hypothesis is correct, focal mechanisms before and after a large earthquake should align with the tectonic loading and the earthquake-induced static stress perturbation, respectively. However, I show that the off-fault triggered aftershocks of the 1992 M7.3 Landers, California, earthquake align with the same stress field as the pre-Landers mechanisms. The aftershocks occurred on faults that were well oriented for failure in the pre-Landers stress field and then loaded by the Landers-induced static stress change. Aftershocks in regions experiencing a 0.05 to 5 MPa coseismic differential stress change align with the modeled Landers-induced static stress change, implying that they were triggered by the stress perturbation. Contrary to the heterogeneous stress hypothesis, these triggered aftershocks are also well aligned with the pre-Landers stress field obtained from inverting the pre-Landers focal mechanisms. Therefore, the inverted pre-Landers stress must represent the persistent background stress field. Earthquake focal mechanisms provide an unbiased sample of the spatially coherent background stress field, which is large relative to any small-scale stress heterogeneity. The counterexample provided by the Landers earthquake is strong evidence that the heterogeneous stress model is not widely applicable.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007586","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J.L., 2010, Aftershocks are well aligned with the background stress field, contradicting the hypothesis of highly-heterogeneous crustal stress: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 115, no. B12, B12308: 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007586.","productDescription":"B12308: 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-020681","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265031,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007586"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Landers","otherGeospatial":"Joshua Tree;Big Bear;San Andreas Fault","volume":"115","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfdee4b0a4aa5bb0ae6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780 jhardebeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"jhardebeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70041794,"text":"70041794 - 2010 - Inelastic off-fault response and three-dimensional dynamics of earthquake rupture on a strike-slip fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T12:34:29","indexId":"70041794","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inelastic off-fault response and three-dimensional dynamics of earthquake rupture on a strike-slip fault","docAbstract":"Large dynamic stress off the fault incurs an inelastic response and energy loss, which contributes to the fracture energy, limiting the rupture and slip velocity. Using an explicit finite element method, we model three-dimensional dynamic ruptures on a vertical strike-slip fault in a homogeneous half-space. The material is subjected to a pressure-dependent Drucker-Prager yield criterion. Initial stresses in the medium increase linearly with depth. Our simulations show that the inelastic response is confined narrowly to the fault at depth. There the inelastic strain is induced by large dynamic stresses associated with the rupture front that overcome the effect of the high confining pressure. The inelastic zone increases in size as it nears the surface. For material with low cohesion (~5 MPa) the inelastic zone broadens dramatically near the surface, forming a \"flowerlike\" structure. The near-surface inelastic strain occurs in both the extensional and the compressional regimes of the fault, induced by seismic waves ahead of the rupture front under a low confining pressure. When cohesion is large (~10 MPa), the inelastic strain is significantly reduced near the surface and confined mostly to depth. Cohesion, however, affects the inelastic zone at depth less significantly. The induced shear microcracks show diverse orientations near the surface, owing to the low confining pressure, but exhibit mostly horizontal slip at depth. The inferred rupture-induced anisotropy at depth has the fast wave direction along the direction of the maximum compressive stress.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2009JB006382","usgsCitation":"Andrews, D., and Ma, S., 2010, Inelastic off-fault response and three-dimensional dynamics of earthquake rupture on a strike-slip fault: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 115, no. B4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006382.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"B04304","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-012923","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jb006382","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269316,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006382"}],"country":"United States","volume":"115","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cc58f0e4b00ab7c548c6b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, D.J.","contributorId":7416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ma, Shuo","contributorId":67373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"Shuo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042201,"text":"70042201 - 2010 - Genetic diversity of lake whitefish in lakes Michigan and Huron: sampling, standardization, and research priorities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-16T20:39:01","indexId":"70042201","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic diversity of lake whitefish in lakes Michigan and Huron: sampling, standardization, and research priorities","docAbstract":"We combined data from two laboratories to increase the spatial extent of a genetic data set for lake whitefish <i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i> from lakes Huron and Michigan and saw that genetic diversity was greatest between lakes, but that there was also structuring within lakes. Low diversity among stocks may be a reflection of relatively recent colonization of the Great Lakes, but other factors such as recent population fluctuation and localized stresses such as lamprey predation or heavy exploitation may also have a homogenizing effect. Our data suggested that there is asymmetrical movement of lake whitefish between Lake Huron and Lake Michigan; more genotypes associated with Lake Michigan were observed in Lake Huron. Adding additional collections to the calibrated set will allow further examination of diversity in other Great Lakes, answer questions regarding movement among lakes, and estimate contributions of stocks to commercial yields. As the picture of genetic diversity and population structure of lake whitefish in the Great Lakes region emerges, we need to develop methods to combine data types to help identify important areas for biodiversity and thus conservation. Adding genetic data to existing models will increase the precision of predictions of the impacts of new stresses and changes in existing pressures on an ecologically and commercially important species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2010.01.004","usgsCitation":"Stott, W., VanDeHey, J.A., and Sloss, B.L., 2010, Genetic diversity of lake whitefish in lakes Michigan and Huron: sampling, standardization, and research priorities: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 36, no. Supplement 1, p. 59-65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2010.01.004.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"65","ipdsId":"IP-013249","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264995,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2010.01.004"},{"id":264996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States;Canada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.9119,41.6089 ], [ -87.9119,46.0544 ], [ -81.2795,46.0544 ], [ -81.2795,41.6089 ], [ -87.9119,41.6089 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d12ee4b0a4aa5bb0b19f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stott, Wendylee","contributorId":8058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stott","given":"Wendylee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanDeHey, Justin A.","contributorId":50800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanDeHey","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sloss, Brian L. bsloss@usgs.gov","contributorId":702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloss","given":"Brian","email":"bsloss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042092,"text":"70042092 - 2010 - Mechanisms for chemostatic behavior in catchments: implications for CO<sub>2</sub> consumption by mineral weathering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:43:43","indexId":"70042092","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms for chemostatic behavior in catchments: implications for CO<sub>2</sub> consumption by mineral weathering","docAbstract":"Concentrations of weathering products in streams often show relatively little variation compared to changes in discharge, both at event and annual scales. In this study, several hypothesized mechanisms for this “chemostatic behavior” were evaluated, and the potential for those mechanisms to influence relations between climate, weathering fluxes, and CO<sub>2</sub> consumption via mineral weathering was assessed. Data from Loch Vale, an alpine catchment in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, indicates that cation exchange and seasonal precipitation and dissolution of amorphous or poorly crystalline aluminosilicates are important processes that help regulate solute concentrations in the stream; however, those processes have no direct effect on CO<sub>2</sub> consumption in catchments. Hydrograph separation analyses indicate that old water stored in the subsurface over the winter accounts for about one-quarter of annual streamflow, and almost one-half of annual fluxes of Na and SiO<sub>2</sub> in the stream; thus, flushing of old water by new water (snowmelt) is an important component of chemostatic behavior. Hydrologic flushing of subsurface materials further induces chemostatic behavior by reducing mineral saturation indices and increasing reactive mineral surface area, which stimulate mineral weathering rates. CO<sub>2</sub> consumption by carbonic acid mediated mineral weathering was quantified using mass-balance calculations; results indicated that silicate mineral weathering was responsible for approximately two-thirds of annual CO<sub>2</sub> consumption, and carbonate weathering was responsible for the remaining one-third. CO<sub>2</sub> consumption was strongly dependent on annual precipitation and temperature; these relations were captured in a simple statistical model that accounted for 71% of the annual variation in CO<sub>2</sub> consumption via mineral weathering in Loch Vale.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.014","usgsCitation":"Clow, D.W., and Mast, M.A., 2010, Mechanisms for chemostatic behavior in catchments: implications for CO<sub>2</sub> consumption by mineral weathering: Chemical Geology, v. 269, no. 1-2, p. 40-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.014.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"51","ipdsId":"IP-017755","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264971,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264970,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.014"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Loch Vale","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"269","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d168e4b0a4aa5bb0b274","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041901,"text":"70041901 - 2010 - Georeferencing the Large-Scale Aerial Photographs of a Great Lakes Coastal Wetland:  A Modified Photogrammetric Method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T15:15:25.359476","indexId":"70041901","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Georeferencing the Large-Scale Aerial Photographs of a Great Lakes Coastal Wetland:  A Modified Photogrammetric Method","docAbstract":"The geocontrol template method was developed to georeference multiple, overlapping analog aerial photographs without reliance upon conventionally obtained horizontal ground control. The method was tested as part of a long-term wetland habitat restoration project at a Lake Erie coastal wetland complex in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge. As in most coastal wetlands, annually identifiable ground-control features required to georeference photo-interpreted data are difficult to find. The geocontrol template method relies on the following four components: (a) an uncontrolled aerial photo mosaic of the study area, (b) global positioning system (GPS) derived horizontal coordinates of each photo’s principal point, (c) a geocontrol template created by the transfer of fiducial markings and calculated principal points to clear acetate from individual photographs arranged in a mosaic, and (d) the root-mean-square-error testing of the system to ensure an acceptable level of planimetric accuracy. Once created for a study area, the geocontrol template can be registered in geographic information system (GIS) software to facilitate interpretation of multiple images without individual image registration. The geocontrol template enables precise georeferencing of single images within larger blocks of photographs using a repeatable and consistent method.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-010-0027-9","usgsCitation":"Kowalski, K., and Grapentine, J.L., 2010, Georeferencing the Large-Scale Aerial Photographs of a Great Lakes Coastal Wetland:  A Modified Photogrammetric Method: Wetlands, v. 30, no. 2, p. 369-374, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0027-9.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"374","ipdsId":"IP-013374","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie, Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.2602310180664,\n              41.605431236301456\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.26074600219727,\n              41.60478944688097\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.11878204345703,\n              41.604019291149854\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.11895370483398,\n              41.61492897332632\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.12633514404297,\n              41.617752355216076\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.13577651977539,\n              41.61646901513335\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.19551467895508,\n              41.63238062721709\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.23740005493164,\n              41.651879827111344\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.26074600219727,\n              41.64097639649512\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.2602310180664,\n              41.605431236301456\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5120b893e4b0e93254cd7547","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kowalski, Kurt P. 0000-0002-8424-4701 kkowalski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-4701","contributorId":3768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalski","given":"Kurt P.","email":"kkowalski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grapentine, Joel L.","contributorId":53674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grapentine","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041890,"text":"70041890 - 2010 - Linking non-culturable (qPCR) and culturable enterococci densities with hydrometeorological conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-28T12:23:14","indexId":"70041890","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking non-culturable (qPCR) and culturable enterococci densities with hydrometeorological conditions","docAbstract":"Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) measurement of enterococci has been proposed as a rapid technique for assessment of beach water quality, but the response of qPCR results to environmental conditions has not been fully explored. Culture-based <i>E. coli</i> and enterococci have been used in empirical predictive models to characterize their responses to environmental conditions and to increase monitoring frequency and efficiency. This approach has been attempted with qPCR results only in few studies. During the summer of 2006, water samples were collected from two southern Lake Michigan beaches and the nearby river outfall (Burns Ditch) and were analyzed for enterococci by culture-based and non-culture-based (i.e., qPCR) methods, as well as culture-based <i>E. coli</i>. Culturable enterococci densities (log CFU/100 ml) for the beaches were significantly correlated with enterococci qPCR cell equivalents (CE) (<i>R</i> = 0.650, <i>P</i> < 0.0001, <i>N</i> = 32). Enterococci CE and CFU densities were highest in Burns Ditch relative to the beach sites; however, only CFUs were significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). Culturable enterococci densities at Burns Ditch and the beaches were significantly correlated (<i>R</i> = 0.565, <i>P</i> < 0.0001, <i>N</i> = 32). Culturable E. coli and enterococci densities were significantly correlated (<i>R</i> = 0.682, <i>P</i> < 0.0001, <i>N</i> = 32). Regression analyses suggested that enterococci CFU could be predicted by lake turbidity, Burns Ditch discharge, and wind direction (adjusted <i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.608); enterococci CE was best predicted by Burns Ditch discharge and log-transformed lake turbidity × wave height (adjusted <i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.40). In summary, our results show that analytically, the qPCR method compares well to the non-culture-based method for measuring enterococci densities in beach water and that both these approaches can be predicted by hydrometeorological conditions. Selected predictors and model results highlight the differences between the environmental responses of the two method endpoints and the potentially high variance in qPCR results","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.04.051","usgsCitation":"Byappanahalli, M., Whitman, R.L., Shively, D.A., and Nevers, M.B., 2010, Linking non-culturable (qPCR) and culturable enterococci densities with hydrometeorological conditions: Science of the Total Environment, v. 408, no. 16, p. 3096-3101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.04.051.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3096","endPage":"3101","temporalStart":"2006-06-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-21","ipdsId":"IP-011437","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264885,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264884,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.04.051"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.9,41.3 ], [ -87.9,44.54 ], [ -84.95,44.54 ], [ -84.95,41.3 ], [ -87.9,41.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"408","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df8f37e4b0dfbe79e6d85c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.","contributorId":47335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shively, Dawn A. dshively@usgs.gov","contributorId":2051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"Dawn","email":"dshively@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nevers, Meredith B.","contributorId":91803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}