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Major- and trace-element patterns for Mount Adams lavas are distinct from the rear-arc Simcoe volcanic field and other nearby volcanic centers in the Cascade arc such as Mount St. Helens. Radiogenic isotope (Sr, Nd, Pb, and Hf) compositions do not correlate with geochemical indicators of slab-fluids such as (Sr/P)n and Ba/Nb. Mass-balance modeling calculations, coupled with trace-element and isotopic data, indicate that although the mantle source for the calc-alkaline Adams basalts has been modified with a fluid derived from subducted sediment, the extent of modification is significantly less than what is documented in the southern Cascades. The isotopic and trace-element compositions of most Mount Adams lavas require the presence of enriched and depleted mantle sources, and based on volume-weighted chemical and isotopic compositions for Mount Adams lavas through time, an intraplate mantle source contributed the major magmatic mass of the system. Generation of basaltic andesites to dacites at Mount Adams occurred by assimilation and fractional crystallization in the lower crust, but wholesale crustal melting did not occur. Most lavas have Tb/Yb ratios that are significantly higher than those of MORB, which is consistent with partial melting of the mantle in the presence of residual garnet. 18O values for olivine phenocrysts in Mount Adams lavas are within the range of typical upper mantle peridotites, precluding involvement of upper crustal sedimentary material or accreted terrane during magma ascent. The restricted Nd and Hf isotope compositions of Mount Adams lavas indicate that these isotope systems are insensitive to crustal interaction in this juvenile arc, in stark contrast to Os isotopes, which are highly sensitive to interaction with young, mafic material in the lower crust. Springer-Verlag 2008.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00410-008-0329-6","issn":"00107","usgsCitation":"Jicha, B., Hart, G., Johnson, C., Hildreth, W., Beard, B., Shirey, S., and Valley, J., 2009, Isotopic and trace element constraints on the petrogenesis of lavas from the Mount Adams volcanic field, Washington: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 157, no. 2, p. 189-207, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-008-0329-6.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-007379","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213338,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-008-0329-6"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.6241455078125,\n              46.08847179577592\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.26983642578124,\n              46.08847179577592\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.26983642578124,\n              46.27673288302042\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6241455078125,\n              46.27673288302042\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6241455078125,\n              46.08847179577592\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"157","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f98e4b0c8380cd64646","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jicha, B.R.","contributorId":45122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jicha","given":"B.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, G.L.","contributorId":107505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, C.M.","contributorId":78707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hildreth, Wes 0000-0002-7925-4251 hildreth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":2221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Wes","email":"hildreth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beard, B.L.","contributorId":56045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shirey, S.B.","contributorId":69712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirey","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Valley, J.W.","contributorId":28741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valley","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033208,"text":"70033208 - 2009 - Depleted uranium analysis in blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033208","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2155,"text":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depleted uranium analysis in blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"In this study we report depleted uranium (DU) analysis in whole blood samples. Internal exposure to DU causes increased uranium levels as well as change in the uranium isotopic composition in blood specimen. For identification of DU exposure we used the 235U/238U ratio in blood samples, which ranges from 0.00725 for natural uranium to 0.002 for depleted uranium. Uranium quantification and isotopic composition analysis were performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. For method validation we used eight spiked blood samples with known uranium concentrations and isotopic composition. The detection limit for quantification was determined to be 4 ng L-1 uranium in whole blood. The data reproduced within 1-5% RSD and an accuracy of 1-4%. In order to achieve a 235U/238U ratio range of 0.00698-0.00752% with 99.7% confidence limit a minimum whole blood uranium concentration of 60 ng L??1 was required. An additional 10 samples from a cohort of veterans exposed to DU in Gulf War I were analyzed with no knowledge of their medical history. The measured 235U/ 238U ratios in the blood samples were used to identify the presence or absence of DU exposure within this patient group. ?? 2009 The Royal Society of Chemistry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1039/b816058a","issn":"02679","usgsCitation":"Todorov, T., Xu, H., Ejnik, J., Mullick, F., Squibb, K., McDiarmid, M., and Centeno, J., 2009, Depleted uranium analysis in blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, v. 24, no. 2, p. 189-193, https://doi.org/10.1039/b816058a.","startPage":"189","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213465,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b816058a"},{"id":241091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feb1e4b0c8380cd4ee86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todorov, T.I.","contributorId":10995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todorov","given":"T.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, H.","contributorId":83331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ejnik, J.W.","contributorId":67299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ejnik","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mullick, F.G.","contributorId":78161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullick","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Squibb, K.","contributorId":49612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squibb","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McDiarmid, M.A.","contributorId":25767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Centeno, J.A.","contributorId":73806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centeno","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033231,"text":"70033231 - 2009 - Potential effects of runoff, fluvial sediment, and nutrient discharges on the coral reefs of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033231","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of runoff, fluvial sediment, and nutrient discharges on the coral reefs of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Coral reefs, the foundation and primary structure of many highly productive and diverse tropical marine ecosystems, have been degraded by human activity in much of the earth's tropical oceans. To contribute to improved understanding of this problem, the potential relation between river sediment and nutrient discharges and degradation of coral reefs surrounding Puerto Rico was studied using streamflow, suspended-sediment, and water-quality data. Mean annual runoff for the 8711 km2 island is 911 mm, about 57% of mean annual precipitation (1600 mm). Mean annual suspended-sediment discharge from Puerto Rico to coastal waters is estimated at 2.7-9.0 million metric tonnes. Storm runoff transports a substantial part of sediment: the highest recorded daily sediment discharge is 1-3.6 times the mean annual sediment discharge. Hurricane Georges (1998) distributed an average of 300 mm of rain across the island, equivalent to a volume of about 2.6 billion m3. Runoff of more than 1.0 billion m3 of water and as much as 5 to 10 million metric tonnes of sediment were discharged to the coast and shelf. Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in river waters are as much as 10 times the estimated presettlement levels. Fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus concentrations in many Puerto Rico rivers are near or above regulatory limits. Unlike sediment discharges, which are predominantly episodic and intense, river-borne nutrient and fecal discharge is a less-intense but chronic stressor to coral reefs found near the mouths of rivers. Negative effects of riverderived sediment and nutrient discharge on coral reefs are especially pronounced on the north, southwest, and west coasts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/07-0920.1","issn":"07490","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., and Webb, R., 2009, Potential effects of runoff, fluvial sediment, and nutrient discharges on the coral reefs of Puerto Rico: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 25, no. 1, p. 189-208, https://doi.org/10.2112/07-0920.1.","startPage":"189","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476232,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2112/07-0920.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213284,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/07-0920.1"},{"id":240894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7edee4b0c8380cd7a7d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, M. C.","contributorId":66287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, R.M.T.","contributorId":99369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033238,"text":"70033238 - 2009 - Geochemistry and petrology of selected coal samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033238","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and petrology of selected coal samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia","docAbstract":"Indonesia has become the world's largest exporter of thermal coal and is a major supplier to the Asian coal market, particularly as the People's Republic of China is now (2007) and perhaps may remain a net importer of coal. Indonesia has had a long history of coal production, mainly in Sumatra and Kalimantan, but only in the last two decades have government and commercial forces resulted in a remarkable coal boom. A recent assessment of Indonesian coal-bed methane (CBM) potential has motivated active CBM exploration. Most of the coal is Paleogene and Neogene, low to moderate rank and has low ash yield and sulfur (generally < 10 and < 1??wt.%, respectively). Active tectonic and igneous activity has resulted in significant rank increase in some coal basins. Eight coal samples are described that represent the major export and/or resource potential of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. Detailed geochemistry, including proximate and ultimate analysis, sulfur forms, and major, minor, and trace element determinations are presented. Organic petrology and vitrinite reflectance data reflect various precursor flora assemblages and rank variations, including sample composites from active igneous and tectonic areas. A comparison of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) elements abundance with world and US averages show that the Indonesian coals have low combustion pollution potential.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2008.08.001","issn":"01665","usgsCitation":"Belkin, H., Tewalt, S., Hower, J., Stucker, J., and O’Keefe, J., 2009, Geochemistry and petrology of selected coal samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 77, no. 3-4, p. 260-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.08.001.","startPage":"260","endPage":"268","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213397,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.08.001"},{"id":241020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16dee4b0c8380cd552bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tewalt, S.J.","contributorId":55838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tewalt","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stucker, J.D.","contributorId":40810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stucker","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Keefe, J.M.K.","contributorId":21768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Keefe","given":"J.M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35685,"text":"Morehead State University, Morehead, KY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033813,"text":"70033813 - 2009 - Assessing spatial uncertainty in reservoir characterization for carbon sequestration planning using public well-log data: A case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033813","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1541,"text":"Environmental Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing spatial uncertainty in reservoir characterization for carbon sequestration planning using public well-log data: A case study","docAbstract":"Mapping and characterization of potential geologic reservoirs are key components in planning carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) injection projects. The geometry of target and confining layers is vital to ensure that the injected CO<sub>2</sub> remains in a supercritical state and is confined to the target layer. Also, maps of injection volume (porosity) are necessary to estimate sequestration capacity at undrilled locations. Our study uses publicly filed geophysical logs and geostatistical modeling methods to investigate the reliability of spatial prediction for oil and gas plays in the Medina Group (sandstone and shale facies) in northwestern Pennsylvania. Specifically, the modeling focused on two targets: the Grimsby Formation and Whirlpool Sandstone. For each layer, thousands of data points were available to model structure and thickness but only hundreds were available to support volumetric modeling because of the rarity of density-porosity logs in the public records. Geostatistical analysis based on this data resulted in accurate structure models, less accurate isopach models, and inconsistent models of pore volume. Of the two layers studied, only the Whirlpool Sandstone data provided for a useful spatial model of pore volume. Where reliable models for spatial prediction are absent, the best predictor available for unsampled locations is the mean value of the data, and potential sequestration sites should be planned as close as possible to existing wells with volumetric data. ?? 2009. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists/Division of Environmental Geosciences. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/eg.04080909008","issn":"10759565","usgsCitation":"Venteris, E., and Carter, K., 2009, Assessing spatial uncertainty in reservoir characterization for carbon sequestration planning using public well-log data: A case study: Environmental Geosciences, v. 16, no. 4, p. 211-234, https://doi.org/10.1306/eg.04080909008.","startPage":"211","endPage":"234","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214501,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/eg.04080909008"},{"id":242234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede2e4b0c8380cd49a96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Venteris, E.R.","contributorId":13017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Venteris","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, K.M.","contributorId":100209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033839,"text":"70033839 - 2009 - Pliocene three-dimensional global ocean temperature reconstruction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033839","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1251,"text":"Climate of the Past Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pliocene three-dimensional global ocean temperature reconstruction","docAbstract":"A snapshot of the thermal structure of the mid-Piacenzian ocean is obtained by combining the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping Project (PRISM3) multiproxy sea-surface temperature (SST) reconstruction with bottom water tempera-5 ture estimates produced using Mg/Ca paleothermometry. This reconstruction assumes a Pliocene water mass framework similar to that which exists today, with several important modifications. The area of formation of present day North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) was expanded and extended further north toward the Arctic Ocean during the mid-Piacenzian relative to today. This, combined with a deeper Greenland-Scotland Ridge, allowed a greater volume of warmer NADW to enter the Atlantic Ocean. In the Southern Ocean, the Polar Front Zone was expanded relative to present day, but shifted closer to the Antarctic continent. This, combined with at least seasonal reduction in sea ice extent, resulted in decreased Antarctic BottomWater (AABW) production (relative to present day) as well as possible changes in the depth of intermediate wa15 ters. The reconstructed mid-Piacenzian three-dimensional ocean was warmer overall than today, and the hypothesized aerial extent of water masses appears to fit the limited stable isotopic data available for this time period. ?? Author(s) 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate of the Past Discussions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"18149340","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H., Robinson, M., and Foley, K., 2009, Pliocene three-dimensional global ocean temperature reconstruction: Climate of the Past Discussions, v. 5, no. 4, p. 1901-1928.","startPage":"1901","endPage":"1928","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c7fe4b0c8380cd79a01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, M.M.","contributorId":56263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foley, K.M.","contributorId":41846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033841,"text":"70033841 - 2009 - Providing public standardized data access function: Lessons learned from accessing USGS Landsat archive","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033841","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Providing public standardized data access function: Lessons learned from accessing USGS Landsat archive","docAbstract":"The geospatial community is experiencing a shift from having data locally to sharing them over the Web. However, not all the data accessing systems are built in compliance with open geospatial standards and thus are weak in terms of interoperability. The USGS Landsat data are now available through free electronic access though not yet through standard Web service interfaces. This paper intends to discuss the experience and lessons learned from integrating a public data access function to the USGS Landsat data archive into a geospatial workflow environment. Currently available systems and their problems, proposed solutions and application scenarios are discussed.","largerWorkTitle":"2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2009","conferenceTitle":"2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2009","conferenceDate":"12 August 2009 through 14 August 2009","conferenceLocation":"Fairfax, VA","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2009.5293043","isbn":"9781424445639","usgsCitation":"Cheng, X., Bai, Y., Di, L., and Nebert, D., 2009, Providing public standardized data access function: Lessons learned from accessing USGS Landsat archive, <i>in</i> 2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2009, Fairfax, VA, 12 August 2009 through 14 August 2009, https://doi.org/10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2009.5293043.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214443,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2009.5293043"},{"id":242171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8faae4b0c8380cd7f8bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, X.","contributorId":23027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bai, Y.","contributorId":42784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bai","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Di, L.","contributorId":64524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Di","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nebert, D.","contributorId":93783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nebert","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033889,"text":"70033889 - 2009 - Estimating rocky seafloor extent on the Southern California continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033889","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating rocky seafloor extent on the Southern California continental shelf","docAbstract":"High-resolution sonar data are necessary to map bottom substrate for habitat studies but are lacking over much of the continental shelf. With such data, areas covered by sediment can be distinguished from bedrock areas with an accuracy of ??90%. Without these data, the extent of sediment as thick as 10 m cannot be resolved, and estimates of the extent of rocky seafloor are exaggerated. A study area north of Anacapa Island in Southern California interpreted as a large rocky area after mapping with low-resolution seismic systems was found to have exposed rocky bottom in only 10% of the area when mapped with high-resolution, side-scan sonar. The area of rock was estimated using video-supervised, sonar-image classification of textural derivatives of the data calculated from gray-level co-occurrence matrices. The classification of soft bottom was found to be ??90% accurate using an independent data set, derived from seafloor sampling records. Two general types of rock exposure are observed-sparse linear outcrops of layered sedimentary rocks and more massive, rounded outcrop areas of volcanic rocks. The percentage of exposed rock in volcanic areas exceeded that in sedimentary rock areas by a factor of 5 in the study area north of Anacapa Island. South of Point Arguello, 80% of the shelf seafloor is underlain by sedimentary rock units. The percentage of area that is exposed, rocky-reef habitat may be greater in other areas of coastal seafloor if the bedrock is predominantly volcanic. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2454(1.3)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G., and Greene, H., 2009, Estimating rocky seafloor extent on the Southern California continental shelf: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 454, p. 29-35, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(1.3).","startPage":"29","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214212,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(1.3)"},{"id":241911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"454","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b40e4b0c8380cd5263e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cochrane, G.R.","contributorId":104002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":443030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033921,"text":"70033921 - 2009 - Surface complexation modeling of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediments from a former mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033921","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface complexation modeling of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediments from a former mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado","docAbstract":"A study of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediment samples from a former uranium mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado, was conducted under oxic conditions as a function of pH, U(VI), Ca, and dissolved carbonate concentration. Batch adsorption experiments were performed using &lt;2mm size sediment fractions, a sand-sized fraction, and artificial groundwater solutions prepared to simulate the field groundwater composition. To encompass the geochemical conditions of the alluvial aquifer at the site, the experimental conditions ranged from 6.8 ?? 10<sup>-8</sup> to 10<sup>-5</sup> M in [U(VI)]tot, 7.2 to 8.0 in pH, 3.0 ?? 10<sup>-3</sup> to 6.0 ?? 10 <sup>-3</sup> M in [Ca<sup>2+</sup>], and 0.05 to 2.6% in partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Surface area normalized U(VI) adsorption Kd values for the sand and &lt;2 mm sediment fraction were similar, suggesting a similar reactive surface coating on both fractions. A two-site two-reaction, nonelectrostatic generalized composite surface complexation model was developed and successfully simulated the U(VI) adsorption data. The model successfully predicted U(VI) adsorption observed from a multilevel sampling well installed at the site. A comparison of the model with the one developed previously for a uranium mill tailings site at Naturita, Colorado, indicated that possible calcite nonequilibrium of dissolved calcium concentration should be evaluated. The modeling results also illustrate the importance of the range of data used in deriving the best fit model parameters. ?? 2009 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es902164n","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Hyun, S., Fox, P., Davis, J., Campbell, K., Hayes, K., and Long, P., 2009, Surface complexation modeling of U(VI) adsorption by aquifer sediments from a former mill tailings site at Rifle, Colorado: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 24, p. 9368-9373, https://doi.org/10.1021/es902164n.","startPage":"9368","endPage":"9373","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214186,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902164n"},{"id":241880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f9ce4b08c986b31e6f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyun, S.P.","contributorId":88164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyun","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, P.M.","contributorId":47949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, K.M.","contributorId":42438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hayes, K.F.","contributorId":103089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Long, P.E.","contributorId":37514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033924,"text":"70033924 - 2009 - Isomer-specific determination of 4-nonylphenols using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T10:26:17","indexId":"70033924","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isomer-specific determination of 4-nonylphenols using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Technical nonylphenol (tNP), used for industrial production of nonylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants, is a complex mixture of C<sub>3−10</sub>-phenols. The major components, 4-nonylphenols, are weak endocrine disruptors whose estrogenicities vary according to the structure of the branched nonyl group. Thus, accurate risk assessment requires isomer-specific determination of 4-NPs. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC/ToFMS) was used to characterize tNP samples obtained from seven commercial suppliers. Under optimal chromatographic conditions, 153−204 alkylphenol peaks, 59−66 of which were identified as 4-NPs, were detected. The 4-NPs comprised ∼86−94% of tNP, with 2-NPs and decylphenols making up ∼2−9% and ∼2−5%, respectively. The tNP products were analyzed for eight synthetic 4-NP isomers, and results were compared with published data based on GC/MS analysis. Significant differences were found among the products and between two samples from a single supplier. The enhanced resolution of GC × GC coupled with fast mass spectral data acquisition by ToFMS facilitated identification of all major 4-NP isomers and a number of previously unrecognized components. Analysis of tNP altered by the bacterium,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Sphingobium xenophagum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>Bayram, revealed several persistent 4-NPs whose structures and estrogenicities are presently unknown. The potential of this technology for isomer-specific determination of 4-NP isomers in environmental matrices is demonstrated using samples of wastewater-contaminated groundwater and municipal wastewater.</p></div></div><div class=\"hlFld-Fulltext\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es902622r","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Eganhouse, R., Pontolillo, J., Gaines, R., Frysinger, G., Gabriel, F., Kohler, H., Giger, W., and Barber, L.B., 2009, Isomer-specific determination of 4-nonylphenols using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 24, p. 9306-9313, https://doi.org/10.1021/es902622r.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"9306","endPage":"9313","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214241,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902622r"}],"volume":"43","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f59e4b0c8380cd64478","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eganhouse, R.P.","contributorId":67555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pontolillo, J.","contributorId":43376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pontolillo","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaines, R.B.","contributorId":44748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaines","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frysinger, G.S.","contributorId":22979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frysinger","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gabriel, F.L.P.","contributorId":30465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabriel","given":"F.L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kohler, H.-P.E.","contributorId":50365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"H.-P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giger, W.","contributorId":38714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giger","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033958,"text":"70033958 - 2009 - Isotopic composition of low-latitude paleoprecipitation during the Early Cretaceous","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033958","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic composition of low-latitude paleoprecipitation during the Early Cretaceous","docAbstract":"The response of the hydrologic cycle in global greenhouse conditions is important to our understanding of future climate change and to the calibration of global climate models. Past greenhouse conditions, such as those of the Cretaceous, can be used to provide empirical data with which to evaluate climate models. Recent empirical studies have utilized pedogenic carbonates to estimate the isotopic composition of meteoric waters and calculate precipitation rates for the AptianAlbian. These studies were limited to data from mid(35??N) to high (75??N) paleolatitudes, and thus future improvements in accuracy will require more estimates of meteoric water compositions from numerous localities around the globe. This study provides data for tropical latitudes (18.5??N paleolatitude) from the Tlayua Formation, Puebla, Mexico. In addition, the study confirms a shallow nearshore depositional environment for the Tlayua Formation. Petrographic observations of fenestral fabrics, gypsum crystal molds, stromatolitic structures, and pedogenic matrix birefringence fabric support the interpretation that the strata represent deposition in a tidal flat environment. Carbonate isotopic data from limestones of the Tlayua Formation provide evidence of early meteoric diagenesis in the form of meteoric calcite lines. These trends in ??<sup>18</sup>O versus ??<sup>13</sup>C were used to calculate the mean ??<sup>18</sup>O value of meteoric water, which is estimated at -5.46 ?? 0.56??? (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water [VSMOW]). Positive linear covariant trends in oxygen and carbon isotopic values from some horizons were used to estimate evaporative losses of vadose groundwater from tropical exposure surfaces during the Albian, and the resulting values range from 8% to 12%. However, the presence of evaporative mineral molds indicates more extensive evaporation. The added tropical data improve latitudinal coverage of paleoprecipitation ??18O estimates. The data presented here imply that earlier isotope mass balance models most likely underestimated tropical to subtropical precipitation and evaporation fluxes. The limited latitudinal constraints for earlier isotope mass balance modeling of the Albian hydrologic cycle of the Northern Hemisphere Americas resulted in extrapolated low-latitude precipitation ??<sup>18</sup>O values that were much heavier (up to 3???) than the values observed in this study. The lighter values identified in this study indicate a more pronounced rainout effect for tropical regions and quite possibly a more vigorous evaporation effect. These and additional low-latitude data are required to better constrain changes in the hydrologic cycle during the Cretaceous greenhouse period, and to reduce the uncertainties resulting from limited geographic coverage of proxy data. ?? 2009 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B26453.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Suarez, M., Gonzalez, L.A., Ludvigson, G.A., Vega, F., and Alvarado-Ortega, J., 2009, Isotopic composition of low-latitude paleoprecipitation during the Early Cretaceous: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 121, no. 11-12, p. 1584-1595, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26453.1.","startPage":"1584","endPage":"1595","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214243,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26453.1"},{"id":241943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fa3e4b0c8380cd646a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suarez, M.B.","contributorId":18589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suarez","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, Luis A.","contributorId":20922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vega, F.J.","contributorId":97337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vega","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alvarado-Ortega, J.","contributorId":84574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarado-Ortega","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033969,"text":"70033969 - 2009 - Late Pleistocene to Holocene sedimentation and hydrocarbon seeps on the continental shelf of a steep, tectonically active margin, southern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-17T08:56:18","indexId":"70033969","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2668,"text":"Marine Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene to Holocene sedimentation and hydrocarbon seeps on the continental shelf of a steep, tectonically active margin, southern California, USA","docAbstract":"Small, steep, uplifting coastal watersheds are prolific sediment producers that contribute significantly to the global marine sediment budget. This study illustrates how sedimentation evolves in one such system where the continental shelf is largely sediment-starved, with most terrestrial sediment bypassing the shelf in favor of deposition in deeper basins. The Santa Barbara-Ventura coast of southern California, USA, is considered a classic area for the study of active tectonics and of Tertiary and Quaternary climatic evolution, interpretations of which depend upon an understanding of sedimentation patterns. High-resolution seismic-reflection data over &gt;570 km<sup>2</sup> of this shelf show that sediment production is concentrated in a few drainage basins, with the Ventura and Santa Clara River deltas containing most of the upper Pleistocene to Holocene sediment on the shelf. Away from those deltas, the major factor controlling shelf sedimentation is the interaction of wave energy with coastline geometry. Depocenters containing sediment 5-20 m thick exist opposite broad coastal embayments, whereas relict material (bedrock below a regional unconformity) is exposed at the sea floor in areas of the shelf opposite coastal headlands. Locally, natural hydrocarbon seeps interact with sediment deposition either to produce elevated tar-and-sediment mounds or as gas plumes that hinder sediment settling. As much as 80% of fluvial sediment delivered by the Ventura and Santa Clara Rivers is transported off the shelf (some into the Santa Barbara Basin and some into the Santa Monica Basin via Hueneme Canyon), leaving a shelf with relatively little recent sediment accumulation. Understanding factors that control large-scale sediment dispersal along a rapidly uplifting coast that produces substantial quantities of sediment has implications for interpreting the ancient stratigraphic record of active and transform continental margins, and for inferring the distribution of hydrocarbon resources in relict shelf deposits.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geophysical Researches","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11001-009-9076-y","issn":"00253235","usgsCitation":"Draut, A.E., Hart, P.E., Lorenson, T., Ryan, H., Wong, F.L., Sliter, R.W., and Conrad, J.E., 2009, Late Pleistocene to Holocene sedimentation and hydrocarbon seeps on the continental shelf of a steep, tectonically active margin, southern California, USA: Marine Geophysical Research, v. 30, no. 3, p. 193-206, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-009-9076-y.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"206","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216833,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11001-009-9076-y"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4518e4b0c8380cd67028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draut, Amy E.","contributorId":92215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D. tlorenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"tlorenson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":443453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryan, Holly F.","contributorId":67616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Holly F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033983,"text":"70033983 - 2009 - The Eocene-Oligocene sedimentary record in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Implications for climate and sea-level changes on the western Atlantic margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-02T14:11:41.951625","indexId":"70033983","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Eocene-Oligocene sedimentary record in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Implications for climate and sea-level changes on the western Atlantic margin","docAbstract":"A multidisciplinary investigation of the Eocene-Oligocene transition in the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Eyreville core from the Chesapeake Bay impact basin was conducted in order to document environmental changes and sequence stratigraphic setting. Planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy indicate that the Eyreville core includes an expanded upper Eocene (Biozones E15 to E16 and NP19/20 to NP21, respectively) and a condensed Oligocene-Miocene (NP24-NN1) sedimentary sequence. The Eocene-Oligocene contact corresponds to a =3-Ma-long hiatus. Eocene- Oligocene sedimentation is dominated by great diversity and varying amounts of detrital and authigenic minerals. Four sedimentary intervals are identified by lithology and mineral content: (1) A 30-m-thick, smectite- and illite-rich interval directly overlies the Exmore Formation, suggesting long-term reworking of impact debris within the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. (2) Subsequently, an increase in kaolinite content suggests erosion from soils developed during late Eocene warm and humid climate in agreement with data derived from other Atlantic sites. However, the kaolinite increase may also be explained by change to a predominant sediment input from outside the Chesapeake Bay impact structure caused by progradation of more proximal facies belts during the highstand systems tract of the late Eocene sequence E10.Spectral analysis based on gamma-ray and magnetic susceptibility logs suggests infl uence of 1.2 Ma low-amplitude oscillation of the obliquity period during the late Eocene. (3) During the latest Eocene (Biozones NP21 and E16), several lithological contacts (clay to clayey silt) occur concomitant with a prominent change in the mineralogical composition with illite as a major component: This lithological change starts close to the Biozone NP19/20-NP21 boundary and may correspond to sequence boundary E10-E11 as observed in other northwest Atlantic margin sections. It could result from a shift to more distal depositional environments and condensed sedimentation during maximum fl ooding, rather than refl ecting a climatic change in the hinterland. The distinct 1% increase of the oxygen isotopes may correspond to the short-term latest Eocene \"precursor isotope event.\" (4) The abrupt increase of sediment grainsize, carbonate content, and abundance of authigenic minerals (glauconite) across the major unconformity that separates Eocene from Oligocene sediments in the Eyreville core refl ects deposition in shallower settings associated with erosion, winnowing, and reworking. Sediments within the central crater were affected by the rapid eustatic sea-level changes associated with the greenhouse-icehouse transition, as well as by an abrupt major uplift event and possibly enhanced current activity on the northwestern Atlantic margin. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(35)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Schulte, P., Wade, B., Kontny, A., and Self-Trail, J., 2009, The Eocene-Oligocene sedimentary record in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Implications for climate and sea-level changes on the western Atlantic margin: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 458, p. 839-865, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(35).","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"839","endPage":"865","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United Staes","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.0908203125,\n              36.049098959065645\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.59716796875,\n              36.049098959065645\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.59716796875,\n              40.16208338164617\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0908203125,\n              40.16208338164617\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0908203125,\n              36.049098959065645\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba71fe4b08c986b321393","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulte, P.","contributorId":48792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulte","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wade, B.S.","contributorId":34742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wade","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kontny, A.","contributorId":80919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kontny","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Self-Trail, Jean 0000-0002-3018-4985 jstrail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3018-4985","contributorId":147370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":535163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033998,"text":"70033998 - 2009 - Web-based decision support and visualization tools for water quality management in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70033998","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Web-based decision support and visualization tools for water quality management in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","docAbstract":"Federal, State, and local water quality managers charged with restoring the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem require tools to maximize the impact of their limited resources. To address this need, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Environmental Protection Agency's Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) are developing a suite of Web-based tools called the Chesapeake Online Assessment Support Toolkit (COAST). The goal of COAST is to help CBP partners identify geographic areas where restoration activities would have the greatest effect, select the appropriate management strategies, and improve coordination and prioritization among partners. As part of the COAST suite of tools focused on environmental restoration, a water quality management visualization component called the Nutrient Yields Mapper (NYM) tool is being developed by USGS. The NYM tool is a web application that uses watershed yield estimates from USGS SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed (SPARROW) attributes model (Schwarz et al., 2006) [6] to allow water quality managers to identify important sources of nitrogen and phosphorous within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The NYM tool utilizes new open source technologies that have become popular in geospatial web development, including components such as OpenLayers and GeoServer. This paper presents examples of water quality data analysis based on nutrient type, source, yield, and area of interest using the NYM tool for the Chesapeake Bay watershed. In addition, we describe examples of map-based techniques for identifying high and low nutrient yield areas; web map engines; and data visualization and data management techniques.","largerWorkTitle":"2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2009","conferenceTitle":"2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2009","conferenceDate":"12 August 2009 through 14 August 2009","conferenceLocation":"Fairfax, VA","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2009.5293397","isbn":"9781424445639","usgsCitation":"Mullinix, C., Hearn, P., Zhang, H., and Aguinaldo, J., 2009, Web-based decision support and visualization tools for water quality management in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, <i>in</i> 2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2009, Fairfax, VA, 12 August 2009 through 14 August 2009, https://doi.org/10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2009.5293397.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216809,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2009.5293397"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfc4e4b08c986b32eac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullinix, C.","contributorId":71419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullinix","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hearn, P.","contributorId":73852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, H.","contributorId":50311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aguinaldo, J.","contributorId":24197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aguinaldo","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033999,"text":"70033999 - 2009 - Water balance dynamics in the Nile Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T11:19:47","indexId":"70033999","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water balance dynamics in the Nile Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding the temporal and spatial dynamics of key water balance components of the Nile River will provide important information for the management of its water resources. This study used satellite-derived rainfall and other key weather variables derived from the Global Data Assimilation System to estimate and map the distribution of rainfall, actual evapotranspiration (ETa), and runoff. Daily water balance components were modelled in a grid-cell environment at 0·1 degree (∼10 km) spatial resolution for 7 years from 2001 through 2007. Annual maps of the key water balance components and derived variables such as runoff and ETa as a percent of rainfall were produced. Generally, the spatial patterns of rainfall and ETa indicate high values in the upstream watersheds (Uganda, southern Sudan, and southwestern Ethiopia) and low values in the downstream watersheds. However, runoff as a percent of rainfall is much higher in the Ethiopian highlands around the Blue Nile subwatershed. The analysis also showed the possible impact of land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands in reducing ETa magnitudes despite the availability of sufficient rainfall. Although the model estimates require field validation for the different subwatersheds, the runoff volume estimate for the Blue Nile subwatershed is within 7·0% of a figure reported from an earlier study. Further research is required for a thorough validation of the results and their integration with ecohydrologic models for better management of water and land resources in the various Nile Basin ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7364","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Senay, G.B., Asante, K., and Artan, G.A., 2009, Water balance dynamics in the Nile Basin: Hydrological Processes, v. 23, no. 26, p. 3675-3681, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7364.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3675","endPage":"3681","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216834,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7364"}],"volume":"23","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc7c2e4b08c986b32c5f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asante, Kwabena 0000-0001-5408-1852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-1852","contributorId":65948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asante","given":"Kwabena","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Artan, Guleid A. 0000-0001-8409-6182 gartan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-6182","contributorId":2938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artan","given":"Guleid","email":"gartan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034063,"text":"70034063 - 2009 - Influence of resolution in irrigated area mapping and area estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-09T15:32:59.315145","indexId":"70034063","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of resolution in irrigated area mapping and area estimation","docAbstract":"<p>The overarching goal of this paper was to determine how irrigated areas change with resolution (or scale) of imagery. Specific objectives investigated were to (a) map irrigated areas using four distinct spatial resolutions (or scales), (b) determine how irrigated areas change with resolutions, and (c) establish the causes of differences in resolution-based irrigated areas. The study was conducted in the very large Krishna River basin (India), which has a high degree of formal contiguous, and informal fragmented irrigated areas. The irrigated areas were mapped using satellite sensor data at four distinct resolutions: (a) NOAA AVHRR Pathfinder 10,000 m, (b) Terra MODIS 500 m, (c) Terra MODIS 250 m, and (d) Landsat ETM+ 30 m. The proportion of irrigated areas relative to Landsat 30 m derived irrigated areas (9.36 million hectares for the Krishna basin) were (a) 95 percent using MODIS 250 m, (b) 93 percent using MODIS 500 m, and (c) 86 percent using AVHRR 10,000 m. In this study, it was found that the precise location of the irrigated areas were better established using finer spatial resolution data. A strong relationship (R<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.74 to 0.95) was observed between irrigated areas determined using various resolutions. This study proved the hypotheses that “the finer the spatial resolution of the sensor used, greater was the irrigated area derived,” since at finer spatial resolutions, fragmented areas are detected better. Accuracies and errors were established consistently for three classes (surface water irrigated, ground water/conjunctive use irrigated, and non-irrigated) across the four resolutions mentioned above. The results showed that the Landsat data provided significantly higher overall accuracies (84 percent) when compared to MODIS 500 m (77 percent), MODIS 250 m (79 percent), and AVHRR 10,000 m (63 percent).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.75.12.1383","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Velpuri, N., Thenkabail, P., Gumma, M., Biradar, C., Dheeravath, V., Noojipady, P., and Yuanjie, L., 2009, Influence of resolution in irrigated area mapping and area estimation: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 75, no. 12, p. 1383-1395, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.75.12.1383.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1383","endPage":"1395","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.75.12.1383","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384248,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","otherGeospatial":"Krishna River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              72.50976562499999,\n              12.31853594166211\n            ],\n            [\n              83.69384765625,\n              12.31853594166211\n            ],\n            [\n              83.69384765625,\n              19.78738018198621\n            ],\n            [\n              72.50976562499999,\n              19.78738018198621\n            ],\n            [\n              72.50976562499999,\n              12.31853594166211\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b72e4b0c8380cd6252a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Velpuri, N.M. 0000-0002-6370-1926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":66495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, P.S.","contributorId":66071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gumma, M.K.","contributorId":12286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumma","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biradar, C.","contributorId":44377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biradar","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dheeravath, V.","contributorId":55234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dheeravath","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noojipady, P.","contributorId":42453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noojipady","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yuanjie, L.","contributorId":86199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuanjie","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034128,"text":"70034128 - 2009 - Channel, floodplain, and wetland responses to floods and overbank sedimentation, 1846-2006, Halfway Creek Marsh, Upper Mississippi Valley, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034128","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel, floodplain, and wetland responses to floods and overbank sedimentation, 1846-2006, Halfway Creek Marsh, Upper Mississippi Valley, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Conversion of upland forest and prairie vegetation to agricultural land uses, following Euro-American settlement in the Upper Mississippi River System, led to accelerated runoff and soil erosion that subsequently transformed channels, floodplains, and wetlands on bottomlands. Halfway Creek Marsh, at the junction of Halfway Creek and the Mississippi River on Wisconsin's western border, is representative of such historical transformation. This marsh became the focus of a 2005-2006 investigation by scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Wisconsin- Madison, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, who used an understanding of the historical transformation to help managers identify possible restoration alternatives for Halfway Creek Marsh. Field-scale topographic surveys and sediment cores provided data for reconstructing patterns and rates of historical overbank sedimentation in the marsh. Information culled from historical maps, aerial photographs, General Land Offi ce Survey notes, and other historical documents helped establish the timing of anthropogenic disturbances and document changes in channel patterns. Major human disturbances, in addition to agricultural land uses, included railroad and road building, construction of artifi cial levees, drainage alterations, and repeated dam failures associated with large floods. A volume of approximately 1,400,000 m<sup>3</sup>, involving up to 2 m of sandy historical overbank deposition, is stored through the upper and lower marshes and along the adjacent margins of Halfway Creek and its principal tributary, Sand Lake Coulee. The estimated overbank sedimentation rate for the entire marsh is ??3,000 m<sup>3</sup> yr-<sup>1</sup> for the recent period 1994-2006. In spite of reduced surface runoff and soil erosion in recent years, this recent sedimentation rate still exceeds by ??4 times the early settlement (1846-1885) rate of 700 m<sup>3</sup> yr-<sup>1</sup>, when anthropogenic acceleration of upland surface runoff and soil erosion was beginning. The highest rate of historical bottomland sedimentation occurred from 1919 to 1936, when the estimated overbank sedimentation rate was 20,400 m<sup>3</sup> yr- <sup>1</sup>. This rate exceeded by nearly 30 times the 1846-1886 rate. Artifi cial levees were constructed along the upper reach of Halfway Creek in the marsh during the early twentieth century to restrict fl ooding on the adjacent bottomlands. Anomalously high overbank sedimentation rates subsequently occurred on the fl oodplain between the levees, which also facilitated more effi cient transport of sediment into the lower marsh bottomland. Although overbank sedimentation rates dropped after 1936, corresponding to the widespread adoption of soil-conservation and agricultural best-management practices, the continuation of anomalously high overbank sedimentation between the levees led to increased bank heights and development of a relatively deep channel. The deep cross-section morphology is commonly mistaken as evidence of channel incision; however, this morphology actually resulted from excessive overbank sedimentation. The historical metamorphosis of the Halfway Creek channel and riparian wetlands underscores the importance of understanding the long-term history of channel and fl oodplain evolution when restoration of channels and riparian wetlands are under consideration. Sedimentation patterns and channel morphology for Halfway Creek Marsh probably are representative of other anthropogenically altered riparian wetlands in the Upper Mississippi River System and similar landscapes elsewhere.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2451(02)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F., Knox, J., and Schubauer-Berigan, J., 2009, Channel, floodplain, and wetland responses to floods and overbank sedimentation, 1846-2006, Halfway Creek Marsh, Upper Mississippi Valley, Wisconsin: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 451, p. 23-42, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2451(02).","startPage":"23","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216842,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2451(02)"},{"id":244738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"451","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f45be4b0c8380cd4bcae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, F. A. 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":61446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knox, J.C.","contributorId":39970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knox","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schubauer-Berigan, J. P.","contributorId":32014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubauer-Berigan","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034264,"text":"70034264 - 2009 - Halogen degassing during ascent and eruption of water-poor basaltic magma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T12:21:50","indexId":"70034264","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Halogen degassing during ascent and eruption of water-poor basaltic magma","docAbstract":"A study of volcanic gas composition and matrix glass volatile concentrations has allowed a model for halogen degassing to be formulated for K??lauea Volcano, Hawai'i. Volcanic gases emitted during 2004-2005 were characterised by a molar SO<sub>2</sub>/HCl of 10-64, with a mean of 33; and a molar HF/HCl of 0-5, with a mean of 1.0 (from approximately 2500 measurements). The HF/HCl ratio was more variable than the SO<sub>2</sub>/HCl ratio, and the two correlate weakly. Variations in ratio took place over rapid timescales (seconds). Matrix glasses of Pele's tears erupted in 2006 have a mean S, Cl and F content of 67, 85 and 173??ppm respectively, but are associated with a large range in S/F. A model is developed that describes the open system degassing of halogens from parental magmas, using the glass data from this study, previously published results and parameterisation of sulphur degassing from previous work. The results illustrate that halogen degassing takes place at pressures of &lt; 1??MPa, equivalent to &lt; ~ 35??m in the conduit. Fluid-melt partition coefficients for Cl and F are low (&lt; 1.5); F only degasses appreciably at &lt; 0.1??MPa above atmospheric pressure, virtually at the top of the magma column. This model reproduces the volcanic gas data and other observations of volcanic activity well and is consistent with other studies of halogen degassing from basaltic magmas. The model suggests that variation in volcanic gas halogen ratios is caused by exsolution and gas-melt separation at low pressures in the conduit. There is no evidence that either diffusive fractionation or near-vent chemical reactions involving halogens is important in the system, although these processes cannot be ruled out. The fluxes of HCl and HF from K??lauea during 2004-5 were ~ 25 and 12??t/d respectively. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.09.022","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Edmonds, M., Gerlach, T., and Herd, R.A., 2009, Halogen degassing during ascent and eruption of water-poor basaltic magma: Chemical Geology, v. 263, no. 1-4, p. 122-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.09.022.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-012286","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216850,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.09.022"}],"volume":"263","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f5ce4b0c8380cd5cd15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edmonds, M.","contributorId":43547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmonds","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herd, Richard A.","contributorId":95663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herd","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034265,"text":"70034265 - 2009 - Broadening our approaches to studying dispersal in raptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034265","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Broadening our approaches to studying dispersal in raptors","docAbstract":"Dispersal is a behavioral process having consequences for individual fitness and population dynamics. Recent advances in technology have spawned new theoretical examinations and empirical studies of the dispersal process in birds, providing opportunities for examining how this information may be applied to studies of the dispersal process in raptors. Many raptors are the focus of conservation efforts; thus, reliable data on all aspects of a species' population dynamics, including dispersal distances, movement rates, and mortality rates of dispersers, are required for population viability analyses that are increasingly used to inform management. Here, we address emerging issues and novel approaches used in the study of avian dispersal, and provide suggestions to consider when developing and implementing studies of dispersal in raptors. Clarifying study objectives is essential for selection of an appropriate methodology and sample size needed to obtain accurate estimates of movement distances and rates. Identifying an appropriate study-area size will allow investigators to avoid underestimating population connectivity and important population parameters. Because nomadic individuals of some species use temporary settling areas or home ranges before breeding, identification of these areas is critical for conservation efforts focusing on habitats other than breeding sites. Study designs for investigating raptor dispersal also should include analysis of environmental and social factors influencing dispersal, to improve our understanding of condition-dependent dispersal strategies. Finally, we propose a terminology for use in describing the variety of movements associated with dispersal behavior in raptors, and we suggest this terminology could be used consistently to facilitate comparisons among studies. ?? 2009 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3356/JRR-08-33.1","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Morrison, J.L., and Wood, P., 2009, Broadening our approaches to studying dispersal in raptors: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 43, no. 2, p. 81-89, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-08-33.1.","startPage":"81","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476211,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-08-33.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216881,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3356/JRR-08-33.1"},{"id":244779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f288e4b0c8380cd4b225","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrison, J. L.","contributorId":28012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, P.B. 0000-0002-8575-1705","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":103992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034266,"text":"70034266 - 2009 - Assigning land use to supply wells for the statistical characterization of regional groundwater quality: Correlating urban land use and VOC occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T08:47:04","indexId":"70034266","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assigning land use to supply wells for the statistical characterization of regional groundwater quality: Correlating urban land use and VOC occurrence","docAbstract":"Many national and regional groundwater studies have correlated land use \"near\" a well, often using a 500 m radius circle, with water quality. However, the use of a 500 m circle may seem counterintuitive given that contributing areas are expected to extend up-gradient from wells, and not be circular in shape. The objective of this study was to evaluate if a 500 m circle is adequate for assigning land use to a well for the statistical correlation between urban land use and the occurrence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Land use and VOC data came from 277 supply wells in four study areas in California. Land use was computed using ten different-sized circles and wedges (250 m to 10 km in radius), and three different-sized \"searchlights\" (1-2 km in length). We define these shapes as contributing area surrogates (CASs), recognizing that a simple shape is at best a surrogate for the actual contributing area. The presence or absence of correlation between land use and the occurrence of VOCs was evaluated using Kendall's tau (??). Values of ?? were within 10% of one another for wedges and circles ranging in size from 500 m to 2 km, with correlations remaining statistically significant (p < 0.05) for all CAS sizes and shapes, suggesting that a 500 m circular CAS is adequate for assigning land use to a well. Additional evaluation indicated that urban land use is autocorrelated at distances ranging from 8 to 36 km. Thus, urban land use in a 500 m CAS is likely to be predictive of urban land use in the actual contributing area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.056","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T., and Belitz, K., 2009, Assigning land use to supply wells for the statistical characterization of regional groundwater quality: Correlating urban land use and VOC occurrence: Journal of Hydrology, v. 370, no. 1-4, p. 100-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.056.","startPage":"100","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216882,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.056"}],"volume":"370","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee8be4b0c8380cd49dea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, T.D.","contributorId":32744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, K. 0000-0003-4481-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":10164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034278,"text":"70034278 - 2009 - The 1170 and 1202 CE Dead Sea Rift earthquakes and long-term magnitude distribution of the Dead Sea Fault zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034278","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2116,"text":"Israel Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1170 and 1202 CE Dead Sea Rift earthquakes and long-term magnitude distribution of the Dead Sea Fault zone","docAbstract":"In combination with the historical record, paleoseismic investigations have provided a record of large earthquakes in the Dead Sea Rift that extends back over 1500 years. Analysis of macroseismic effects can help refine magnitude estimates for large historical events. In this study we consider the detailed intensity distributions for two large events, in 1170 CE and 1202 CE, as determined from careful reinterpretation of available historical accounts, using the 1927 Jericho earthquake as a guide in their interpretation. In the absence of an intensity attenuation relationship for the Dead Sea region, we use the 1927 Jericho earthquake to develop a preliminary relationship based on a modification of the relationships developed in other regions. Using this relation, we estimate M7.6 for the 1202 earthquake and M6.6 for the 1170 earthquake. The uncertainties for both estimates are large and difficult to quantify with precision. The large uncertainties illustrate the critical need to develop a regional intensity attenuation relation. We further consider the distribution of magnitudes in the historic record and show that it is consistent with a b-value distribution with a b-value of 1. Considering the entire Dead Sea Rift zone, we show that the seismic moment release rate over the past 1500 years is sufficient, within the uncertainties of the data, to account for the plate tectonic strain rate along the plate boundary. The results reveal that an earthquake of M7.8 is expected within the zone on average every 1000 years. ?? 2011 Science From Israel/LPPLtd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Israel Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1560/IJES.58.3-4.295","issn":"00212164","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., and Avni, R., 2009, The 1170 and 1202 CE Dead Sea Rift earthquakes and long-term magnitude distribution of the Dead Sea Fault zone: Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 58, no. 3-4, p. 295-308, https://doi.org/10.1560/IJES.58.3-4.295.","startPage":"295","endPage":"308","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216584,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1560/IJES.58.3-4.295"},{"id":244464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba614e4b08c986b320e93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avni, R.","contributorId":36385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avni","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034294,"text":"70034294 - 2009 - Using geometrical, textural, and contextual information of land parcels for classification of detailed urban land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034294","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":797,"text":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using geometrical, textural, and contextual information of land parcels for classification of detailed urban land use","docAbstract":"Detailed urban land use data are important to government officials, researchers, and businesspeople for a variety of purposes. This article presents an approach to classifying detailed urban land use based on geometrical, textural, and contextual information of land parcels. An area of 6 by 14 km in Austin, Texas, with land parcel boundaries delineated by the Travis Central Appraisal District of Travis County, Texas, is tested for the approach. We derive fifty parcel attributes from relevant geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing data and use them to discriminate among nine urban land uses: single family, multifamily, commercial, office, industrial, civic, open space, transportation, and undeveloped. Half of the 33,025 parcels in the study area are used as training data for land use classification and the other half are used as testing data for accuracy assessment. The best result with a decision tree classification algorithm has an overall accuracy of 96 percent and a kappa coefficient of 0.78, and two naive, baseline models based on the majority rule and the spatial autocorrelation rule have overall accuracy of 89 percent and 79 percent, respectively. The algorithm is relatively good at classifying single-family, multifamily, commercial, open space, and undeveloped land uses and relatively poor at classifying office, industrial, civic, and transportation land uses. The most important attributes for land use classification are the geometrical attributes, particularly those related to building areas. Next are the contextual attributes, particularly those relevant to the spatial relationship between buildings, then the textural attributes, particularly the semivariance texture statistic from 0.61-m resolution images.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/00045600802459028","issn":"00045608","usgsCitation":"Wu, S., Qiu, X., Usery, E., and Wang, L., 2009, Using geometrical, textural, and contextual information of land parcels for classification of detailed urban land use: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 99, no. 1, p. 76-98, https://doi.org/10.1080/00045600802459028.","startPage":"76","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216822,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045600802459028"},{"id":244717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc055e4b08c986b32a078","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, S.-S.","contributorId":51714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"S.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qiu, X.","contributorId":73422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qiu","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, L.","contributorId":76904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034346,"text":"70034346 - 2009 - Mercury sources, distribution, and bioavailability in the North Pacific Ocean: Insights from data and models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:15:40","indexId":"70034346","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury sources, distribution, and bioavailability in the North Pacific Ocean: Insights from data and models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fish harvested from the Pacific Ocean are a major contributor to human methylmercury (MeHg) exposure. Limited oceanic mercury (Hg) data, particularly MeHg, has confounded our understanding of linkages between sources, methylation sites, and concentrations in marine food webs. Here we present methylated (MeHg and dimethylmercury (Me</span><sub>2</sub><span>Hg)) and total Hg concentrations from 16 hydrographic stations in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. We use these data in combination with information from previous cruises and coupled atmospheric‐oceanic modeling results to better understand controls on Hg concentrations, distribution, and bioavailability. Total Hg concentrations (average 1.14 ± 0.38 pM) are elevated relative to previous cruises. Modeling results agree with observed increases and suggest that at present atmospheric Hg deposition rates, basin‐wide Hg concentrations will double relative to circa 1995 by 2050. Methylated Hg accounts for up to 29% of the total Hg in subsurface waters (average 260 ± 114 fM). We observed lower ambient methylated Hg concentrations in the euphotic zone and older, deeper water masses, which likely result from decay of MeHg and Me</span><sub>2</sub><span>Hg when net production is not occurring. We found a significant, positive linear relationship between methylated Hg concentrations and rates of organic carbon remineralization (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.66,&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.001). These results provide evidence for the importance of particulate organic carbon (POC) transport and remineralization on the production and distribution of methylated Hg species in marine waters. Specifically, settling POC provides a source of inorganic Hg(II) to microbially active subsurface waters and can also provide a substrate for microbial activity facilitating water column methylation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2008GB003425","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Sunderland, E., Krabbenhoft, D., Moreau, J., Strode, S., and Landing, W., 2009, Mercury sources, distribution, and bioavailability in the North Pacific Ocean: Insights from data and models: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 23, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003425.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476220,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gb003425","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003425"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a542de4b0c8380cd6ced7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sunderland, E.M.","contributorId":45546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sunderland","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moreau, J.W.","contributorId":64457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreau","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strode, S.A.","contributorId":73439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strode","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landing, W.M.","contributorId":99303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landing","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034359,"text":"70034359 - 2009 - Application of a multistate model to estimate culvert effects on movement of small fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034359","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of a multistate model to estimate culvert effects on movement of small fishes","docAbstract":"While it is widely acknowledged that culverted road-stream crossings may impede fish passage, effects of culverts on movement of nongame and small-bodied fishes have not been extensively studied and studies generally have not accounted for spatial variation in capture probabilities. We estimated probabilities for upstream and downstream movement of small (30-120 mm standard length) benthic and water column fishes across stream reaches with and without culverts at four road-stream crossings over a 4-6-week period. Movement and reach-specific capture probabilities were estimated using multistate capture-recapture models. Although none of the culverts were complete barriers to passage, only a bottomless-box culvert appeared to permit unrestricted upstream and downstream movements by benthic fishes based on model estimates of movement probabilities. At two box culverts that were perched above the water surface at base flow, observed movements were limited to water column fishes and to intervals when runoff from storm events raised water levels above the perched level. Only a single fish was observed to move through a partially embedded pipe culvert. Estimates for probabilities of movement over distances equal to at least the length of one culvert were low (e.g., generally ???0.03, estimated for 1-2-week intervals) and had wide 95% confidence intervals as a consequence of few observed movements to nonadjacent reaches. Estimates of capture probabilities varied among reaches by a factor of 2 to over 10, illustrating the importance of accounting for spatially variable capture rates when estimating movement probabilities with capture-recapture data. Longer-term studies are needed to evaluate temporal variability in stream fish passage at culverts (e.g., in relation to streamflow variability) and to thereby better quantify the degree of population fragmentation caused by road-stream crossings with culverts. ?? American Fisheries Society 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T08-156.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Norman, J., Hagler, M., Freeman, M.C., and Freeman, B.J., 2009, Application of a multistate model to estimate culvert effects on movement of small fishes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 138, no. 4, p. 826-838, https://doi.org/10.1577/T08-156.1.","startPage":"826","endPage":"838","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216854,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T08-156.1"},{"id":244750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"138","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec8fe4b0c8380cd4933d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, J.R.","contributorId":54042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagler, M.M.","contributorId":46333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagler","given":"M.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, B. J.","contributorId":8031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034390,"text":"70034390 - 2009 - Multi-offset GPR methods for hyporheic zone investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034390","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multi-offset GPR methods for hyporheic zone investigations","docAbstract":"Porosity of stream sediments has a direct effect on hyporheic exchange patterns and rates. Improved estimates of porosity heterogeneity will yield enhanced simulation of hyporheic exchange processes. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) velocity measurements are strongly controlled by water content thus accurate measures of GPR velocity in saturated sediments provides estimates of porosity beneath stream channels using petrophysical relationships. Imaging the substream system using surface based reflection measurements is particularly challenging due to large velocity gradients that occur at the transition from open water to saturated sediments. The continuous multi-offset method improves the quality of subsurface images through stacking and provides measurements of vertical and lateral velocity distributions. We applied the continuous multi-offset method to stream sites on the North Slope, Alaska and the Sawtooth Mountains near Boise, Idaho, USA. From the continuous multi-offset data, we measure velocity using reflection tomography then estimate water content and porosity using the Topp equation. These values provide detailed measurements for improved stream channel hydraulic and thermal modelling. ?? 2009 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers.","largerWorkTitle":"Near Surface Geophysics","language":"English","issn":"15694445","usgsCitation":"Brosten, T., Bradford, J., McNamara, J.P., Gooseff, M., Zarnetske, J., Bowden, W., and Johnston, M., 2009, Multi-offset GPR methods for hyporheic zone investigations, <i>in</i> Near Surface Geophysics, v. 7, no. 4, p. 247-257.","startPage":"247","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fbae4b0c8380cd710d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brosten, T.R.","contributorId":35985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosten","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, J.H.","contributorId":22606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNamara, J. P.","contributorId":105551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNamara","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gooseff, M.N.","contributorId":21668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zarnetske, J.P.","contributorId":11032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarnetske","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bowden, W.B.","contributorId":83237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowden","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnston, M.E.","contributorId":92081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
]}