{"pageNumber":"785","pageRowStart":"19600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46882,"records":[{"id":70034399,"text":"70034399 - 2009 - Twentieth-century decline of large-diameter trees in Yosemite National Park, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034399","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Twentieth-century decline of large-diameter trees in Yosemite National Park, California, USA","docAbstract":"Studies of forest change in western North America often focus on increased densities of small-diameter trees rather than on changes in the large tree component. Large trees generally have lower rates of mortality than small trees and are more resilient to climate change, but these assumptions have rarely been examined in long-term studies. We combined data from 655 historical (1932-1936) and 210 modern (1988-1999) vegetation plots to examine changes in density of large-diameter trees in Yosemite National Park (3027 km<sup>2</sup>). We tested the assumption of stability for large-diameter trees, as both individual species and communities of large-diameter trees. Between the 1930s and 1990s, large-diameter tree density in Yosemite declined 24%. Although the decrease was apparent in all forest types, declines were greatest in subalpine and upper montane forests (57.0% of park area), and least in lower montane forests (15.3% of park area). Large-diameter tree densities of 11 species declined while only 3 species increased. Four general patterns emerged: (1) Pinus albicaulis, Quercus chrysolepis, and Quercus kelloggii had increases in density of large-diameter trees occur throughout their ranges; (2) Pinus jeffreyi, Pinus lambertiana, and Pinus ponderosa, had disproportionately larger decreases in large-diameter tree densities in lower-elevation portions of their ranges; (3) Abies concolor and Pinus contorta, had approximately uniform decreases in large-diameter trees throughout their elevational ranges; and (4) Abies magnifica, Calocedrus decurrens, Juniperus occidentalis, Pinus monticola, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Tsuga mertensiana displayed little or no change in large-diameter tree densities. In Pinus ponderosa-Calocedrus decurrens forests, modern large-diameter tree densities were equivalent whether or not plots had burned since 1936. However, in unburned plots, the large-diameter trees were predominantly A. concolor, C. decurrens, and Q. chrysolepis, whereas P. ponderosa dominated the large-diameter component of burned plots. Densities of large-diameter P. ponderosa were 8.1 trees ha<sup>-1</sup> in plots that had experienced fire, but only 0.5 trees ha<sup>-1</sup> in plots that remained unburned. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.009","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Lutz, J., van Wagtendonk, J., and Franklin, J., 2009, Twentieth-century decline of large-diameter trees in Yosemite National Park, California, USA: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 257, no. 11, p. 2296-2307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.009.","startPage":"2296","endPage":"2307","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216980,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.009"},{"id":244885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"257","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb909e4b08c986b327b73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lutz, J.A.","contributorId":71792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franklin, J.F.","contributorId":56583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037429,"text":"70037429 - 2009 - Performance of temperature and dissolved oxygen criteria to predict habitat use by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T01:23:07.122972","indexId":"70037429","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance of temperature and dissolved oxygen criteria to predict habitat use by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)","docAbstract":"<div>We compared theoretical habitat volumes, determined from traditional combinations of temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) boundaries, with in situ habitat use by acoustically tagged lake trout (<span class=\"named-content\" data-type=\"species\">Salvelinus namaycush</span>). The widely used criteria of 8–12&nbsp;°C underestimated lake trout habitat use by 68%–80%. Instead, combined temperature (&lt;12 or 15&nbsp;°C) and DO (&gt;4 or 6&nbsp;mg·L<sup>–1</sup>) criteria most closely matched lake trout habitat use, had a similar seasonal trend as the tagged fish, suggested modest reductions (5% of total lake volume) in habitat during a warmer year, and performed best when the constraints of temperature and DO were most limiting. All data were collected in a small boreal shield lake (27&nbsp;ha,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>z</i><sub>max</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 21&nbsp;m) at the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario, Canada, during two contrasting periods of thermal stratification (2003: warmer and longer; 2004: cooler and shorter), providing an assessment of observed and theoretical habitat volumes over current environmental extremes.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/F09-129","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Plumb, J., and Blanchfield, P., 2009, Performance of temperature and dissolved oxygen criteria to predict habitat use by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 66, no. 11, p. 2011-2023, https://doi.org/10.1139/F09-129.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2011","endPage":"2023","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.27310466371186,\n              50.251409577362494\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.27310466371186,\n              47.53647767348366\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.59341716371155,\n              47.53647767348366\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.59341716371155,\n              50.251409577362494\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.27310466371186,\n              50.251409577362494\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a768fe4b0c8380cd781a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumb, J.M.","contributorId":37870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanchfield, P.J.","contributorId":64025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchfield","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037425,"text":"70037425 - 2009 - Experimental infection of a North American raptor, American kestrel (Falco sparverius), with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T14:53:52","indexId":"70037425","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental infection of a North American raptor, American kestrel (Falco sparverius), with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1)","docAbstract":"<p>Several species of wild raptors have been found in Eurasia infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N1. Should HPAIV (H5N1) reach North America in migratory birds, species of raptors are at risk not only from environmental exposure, but also from consuming infected birds and carcasses. In this study we used American kestrels as a representative species of a North American raptor to examine the effects of HPAIV (H5N1) infection in terms of dose response, viral shedding, pathology, and survival. Our data showed that kestrels are highly susceptible to HPAIV (H5N1). All birds typically died or were euthanized due to severe neurologic disease within 4-5 days of inoculation and shed significant amounts of virus both orally and cloacally, regardless of dose administered. The most consistent microscopic lesions were necrosis in the brain and pancreas. This is the first experimental study of HPAIV infection in a North American raptor and highlights the potential risks to birds of prey if HPAIV (H5N1) is introduced into North America.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0007555","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Hall, J.S., Ip, H., Franson, J.C., Meteyer, C., Nashold, S.W., Teslaa, J.L., French, J., Redig, P., and Brand, C., 2009, Experimental infection of a North American raptor, American kestrel (Falco sparverius), with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1): PLoS ONE, v. 4, no. 10, e7555; 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007555.","productDescription":"e7555; 6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476236,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007555","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217266,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007555"},{"id":245199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dd0e4b0c8380cd531e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5599-2826 jshall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2826","contributorId":2254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ip, Hon S. 0000-0003-4844-7533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":15829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"Hon S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franson, J. C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meteyer, C. 0000-0002-4007-3410","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":37711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nashold, Sean W. 0000-0002-8869-6633 snashold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-6633","contributorId":3611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nashold","given":"Sean","email":"snashold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Teslaa, Joshua L. 0000-0001-7802-3454 jteslaa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-3454","contributorId":5794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teslaa","given":"Joshua","email":"jteslaa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"French, J.","contributorId":96548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Redig, P.","contributorId":85050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redig","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brand, C.","contributorId":96646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70035959,"text":"70035959 - 2009 - Relationship of stream ecological conditions to simulated hydraulic metrics across a gradient of basin urbanization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035959","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship of stream ecological conditions to simulated hydraulic metrics across a gradient of basin urbanization","docAbstract":"The relationships among urbanization, stream hydraulics, and aquatic biology were investigated across a gradient of urbanization in 30 small basins in eastern Wisconsin, USA. Simulation of hydraulic metrics with 1-dimensional unsteady flow models was an effective means for mechanistically coupling the effects of urbanization with stream ecological conditions (i.e., algae, invertebrates, and fish). Urbanization, characterized by household, road, and urban land density, was positively correlated with the lowest shear stress for 2 adjacent transects in a reach for the low-flow summer (p < 0.001) and autumn (p < 0.01) periods. Urbanization also was positively correlated with Reynolds number and % exposed stream bed during months with moderate to low flows. Our study demonstrated the value of temporally and spatially explicit hydraulic models for providing mechanistic insight into the relationships between hydraulic variables and biological responses. For example, the positive correlation between filter-feeding invertebrate richness and minimum 2-transect shear stress observed in our study is consistent with a higher concentration of water-column particulates available for filtration. The strength of correlations between hydraulic and biological metrics is related to the time period (annual, seasonal, or monthly) considered. The hydraulic modeling approach, whether based on hourly or daily flow data, allowed documentation of the effects of a spatially variable response within a reach, and the results suggest that stream response to urbanization varies with hydraulic habitat type. ?? North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/08-157.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Steuer, J.J., Bales, J., and Giddings, E., 2009, Relationship of stream ecological conditions to simulated hydraulic metrics across a gradient of basin urbanization: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 28, no. 4, p. 955-976, https://doi.org/10.1899/08-157.1.","startPage":"955","endPage":"976","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216416,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/08-157.1"},{"id":244285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a779e4b0e8fec6cdc494","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steuer, J. J.","contributorId":12430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, J. D.","contributorId":21569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giddings, E.M.P.","contributorId":36348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giddings","given":"E.M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035963,"text":"70035963 - 2009 - Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035963","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake","docAbstract":"The disastrous 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China took the local population as well as scientists by surprise. Although the Longmen Shan fault zonewhich includes the fault segments along which this earthquake nucleatedwas well known, geologic and geodetic data indicate relatively low (&lt;3 mm yr <sup>-1</sup>) deformation rates. Here we invert Global Positioning System and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data to infer fault geometry and slip distribution associated with the earthquake. Our analysis shows that the geometry of the fault changes along its length: in the southwest, the fault plane dips moderately to the northwest but becomes nearly vertical in the northeast. Associated with this is a change in the motion along the fault from predominantly thrusting to strike-slip. Peak slip along the fault occurs at the intersections of fault segments located near the towns of Yingxiu, Beichuan and Nanba, where fatalities and damage were concentrated. We suggest that these locations represent barriers that failed in a single event, enabling the rupture to cascade through several fault segments and cause a major moment magnitude (M<sub>w</sub>) 7.9 earthquake. Using coseismic slip distribution and geodetic and geological slip rates, we estimate that the failure of barriers and rupture along multiple segments takes place approximately once in 4,000 years. ?? 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/ngeo636","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Shen, Z., Sun, J., Zhang, P., Wan, Y., Wang, M., Burgmann, R., Zeng, Y., Gan, W., Liao, H., and Wang, Q., 2009, Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: Nature Geoscience, v. 2, no. 10, p. 718-724, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo636.","startPage":"718","endPage":"724","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216476,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo636"},{"id":244347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b914ae4b08c986b31980b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shen, Z.-K.","contributorId":97262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shen","given":"Z.-K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sun, Jielun","contributorId":33443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Jielun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, P.","contributorId":92822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wan, Y.","contributorId":51519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, M.","contributorId":98810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zeng, Y.","contributorId":23759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gan, Weijun","contributorId":33083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gan","given":"Weijun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Liao, H.","contributorId":42752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wang, Q.","contributorId":83761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70035965,"text":"70035965 - 2009 - Quantifying periglacial erosion: Insights on a glacial sediment budget, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035965","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying periglacial erosion: Insights on a glacial sediment budget, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska","docAbstract":"Glacial erosion rates are estimated to be among the highest in the world. Few studies have attempted, however, to quantify the flux of sediment from the periglacial landscape to a glacier. Here, erosion rates from the nonglacial landscape above the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska are presented and compare with an 8-yr record of proglacial suspended sediment yield. Non-glacial lowering rates range from 1??8 ?? 0??5 mm yr<sup>-1</sup> to 8??5 ?? 3??4 mm yr<sup>-1</sup> from estimates of rock fall and debris-flow fan volumes. An average erosion rate of 0??08 ?? 0??04 mm yr<sup>-1</sup> from eight convex-up ridge crests was determined using in situ produced cosmogenic <sup>10</sup>Be. Extrapolating these rates, based on landscape morphometry, to the Matanuska basin (58% ice-cover), it was found that nonglacial processes account for an annual sediment flux of 2??3 ?? 1??0 ?? 10<sup>6</sup> t. Suspended sediment data for 8 years and an assumed bedload to estimate the annual sediment yield at the Matanuska terminus to be 2??9 ?? 1??0 ?? 10<sup>6</sup> t, corresponding to an erosion rate of 1??8 ?? 0??6 mm yr<sup>-1</sup>: nonglacial sources therefore account for 80 ?? 45% of the proglacial yield. A similar set of analyses were used for a small tributary sub-basin (32% ice-cover) to determine an erosion rate of 12??1 ?? 6??9 mm yr<sup>-1</sup>, based on proglacial sediment yield, with the nonglacial sediment flux equal to 10 ?? 7% of the proglacial yield. It is suggested that erosion rates by nonglacial processes are similar to inferred subglacial rates, such that the ice-free regions of a glaciated landscape contribute significantly to the glacial sediment budget. The similar magnitude of nonglacial and glacial rates implies that partially glaciated landscapes will respond rapidly to changes in climate and base level through a rapid nonglacial response to glacially driven incision. ?? 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1885","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"O’Farrell, C.R., Heimsath, A., Lawson, D.E., Jorgensen, L., Evenson, E., Larson, G., and Denner, J., 2009, Quantifying periglacial erosion: Insights on a glacial sediment budget, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 34, no. 15, p. 2008-2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1885.","startPage":"2008","endPage":"2022","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216503,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1885"},{"id":244378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91d5e4b0c8380cd804b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Farrell, C. R.","contributorId":48791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Farrell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heimsath, A.M.","contributorId":52781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimsath","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawson, D. E.","contributorId":9343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgensen, L.M.","contributorId":15434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evenson, E.B.","contributorId":79628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, G.","contributorId":41585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Denner, J.","contributorId":31215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denner","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035966,"text":"70035966 - 2009 - Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM). I: Model intercomparison with current land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035966","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM). I: Model intercomparison with current land use","docAbstract":"This paper introduces the project on 'Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM)' that aims at investigating the envelope of predictions on changes in hydrological fluxes due to land use change. As part of a series of four papers, this paper outlines the motivation and setup of LUCHEM, and presents a model intercomparison for the present-day simulation results. Such an intercomparison provides a valuable basis to investigate the effects of different model structures on model predictions and paves the ground for the analysis of the performance of multi-model ensembles and the reliability of the scenario predictions in companion papers. In this study, we applied a set of 10 lumped, semi-lumped and fully distributed hydrological models that have been previously used in land use change studies to the low mountainous Dill catchment, Germany. Substantial differences in model performance were observed with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies ranging from 0.53 to 0.92. Differences in model performance were attributed to (1) model input data, (2) model calibration and (3) the physical basis of the models. The models were applied with two sets of input data: an original and a homogenized data set. This homogenization of precipitation, temperature and leaf area index was performed to reduce the variation between the models. Homogenization improved the comparability of model simulations and resulted in a reduced average bias, although some variation in model data input remained. The effect of the physical differences between models on the long-term water balance was mainly attributed to differences in how models represent evapotranspiration. Semi-lumped and lumped conceptual models slightly outperformed the fully distributed and physically based models. This was attributed to the automatic model calibration typically used for this type of models. Overall, however, we conclude that there was no superior model if several measures of model performance are considered and that all models are suitable to participate in further multi-model ensemble set-ups and land use change scenario investigations. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.10.003","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Breuer, L., Huisman, J.A., Willems, P., Bormann, H., Bronstert, A., Croke, B., Frede, H., Graff, T., Hubrechts, L., Jakeman, A., Kite, G., Lanini, J., Leavesley, G., Lettenmaier, D., Lindstrom, G., Seibert, J., Sivapalan, M., and Viney, N., 2009, Assessing the impact of land use change on hydrology by ensemble modeling (LUCHEM). I: Model intercomparison with current land use: Advances in Water Resources, v. 32, no. 2, p. 129-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.10.003.","startPage":"129","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216062,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.10.003"},{"id":243903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edebe4b0c8380cd49adb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breuer, L.","contributorId":54814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breuer","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huisman, J. A.","contributorId":86591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huisman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willems, P.","contributorId":57685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willems","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bormann, H.","contributorId":66091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bormann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bronstert, A.","contributorId":98565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronstert","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Croke, B.F.W.","contributorId":52809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croke","given":"B.F.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Frede, H.-G.","contributorId":23783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frede","given":"H.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Graff, T.","contributorId":15803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graff","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hubrechts, L.","contributorId":54815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubrechts","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jakeman, A.J.","contributorId":12639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakeman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kite, G.","contributorId":11443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kite","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lanini, J.","contributorId":89745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanini","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Leavesley, G.","contributorId":90483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lettenmaier, D.P.","contributorId":61175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lindstrom, G.","contributorId":27292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindstrom","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Seibert, J.","contributorId":37513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seibert","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sivapalan, M.","contributorId":59587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sivapalan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Viney, N.R.","contributorId":11850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viney","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70032746,"text":"70032746 - 2009 - Demography and genetic structure of a recovering grizzly bear population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T13:49:46","indexId":"70032746","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demography and genetic structure of a recovering grizzly bear population","docAbstract":"Grizzly bears (brown bears; Ursus arctos) are imperiled in the southern extent of their range worldwide. The threatened population in northwestern Montana, USA, has been managed for recovery since 1975; yet, no rigorous data were available to monitor program success. We used data from a large noninvasive genetic sampling effort conducted in 2004 and 33 years of physical captures to assess abundance, distribution, and genetic health of this population. We combined data from our 3 sampling methods (hair trap, bear rub, and physical capture) to construct individual bear encounter histories for use in Huggins-Pledger closed mark-recapture models. Our population estimate, N?? = 765 (95% CI = 715-831) was more than double the existing estimate derived from sightings of females with young. Based on our results, the estimated known, human-caused mortality rate in 2004 was 4.6% (95% CI = 4.2-4.9%), slightly above the 4% considered sustainable; however, the high proportion of female mortalities raises concern. We used location data from telemetry, confirmed sightings, and genetic sampling to estimate occupied habitat. We found that grizzly bears occupied 33,480 km2 in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem (NCDE) during 1994-2007, including 10,340 km beyond the Recovery Zone. We used factorial correspondence analysis to identify potential barriers to gene flow within this population. Our results suggested that genetic interchange recently increased in areas with low gene flow in the past; however, we also detected evidence of incipient fragmentation across the major transportation corridor in this ecosystem. Our results suggest that the NCDE population is faring better than previously thought, and they highlight the need for a more rigorous monitoring program.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2008-330","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Kendall, K., Stetz, J., Boulanger, J., Macleod, A., Paetkau, D., and White, G.C., 2009, Demography and genetic structure of a recovering grizzly bear population: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 1, p. 3-17, https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-330.","startPage":"3","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213618,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2008-330"},{"id":335573,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7Q81B63","text":"Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) genetic profiles (1998-2012)"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe88e4b0c8380cd4ed99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, K.C.","contributorId":39716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stetz, J.B.","contributorId":74207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetz","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boulanger, J.","contributorId":18584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulanger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Macleod, A.C.","contributorId":41660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macleod","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paetkau, David","contributorId":97712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paetkau","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032751,"text":"70032751 - 2009 - Acid rock drainage and climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:57:06","indexId":"70032751","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acid rock drainage and climate change","docAbstract":"Rainfall events cause both increases and decreases in acid and metals concentrations and their loadings from mine wastes, and unmined mineralized areas, into receiving streams based on data from 3 mines sites in the United States and other sites outside the US. Gradual increases in concentrations occur during long dry spells and sudden large increases are observed during the rising limb of the discharge following dry spells (first flush). By the time the discharge peak has occurred, concentrations are usually decreased, often to levels below those of pre-storm conditions and then they slowly rise again during the next dry spell. These dynamic changes in concentrations and loadings are related to the dissolution of soluble salts and the flushing out of waters that were concentrated by evaporation. The underlying processes, pyrite oxidation and host rock dissolution, do not end until the pyrite is fully weathered, which can take hundreds to thousands of years. These observations can be generalized to predict future conditions caused by droughts related to El Ni??o and climate change associated with global warming. Already, the time period for dry summers is lengthening in the western US and rainstorms are further apart and more intense when they happen. Consequently, flushing of inactive or active mine sites and mineralized but unmined sites will cause larger sudden increases in concentrations that will be an ever increasing danger to aquatic life with climate change. Higher average concentrations will be observed during longer low-flow periods. Remediation efforts will have to increase the capacity of engineered designs to deal with more extreme conditions, not average conditions of previous years.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.08.002","issn":"03756","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., 2009, Acid rock drainage and climate change: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 100, no. 2-3, p. 97-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.08.002.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.08.002"}],"volume":"100","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e694e4b0c8380cd474fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035970,"text":"70035970 - 2009 - Modeling misidentification errors in capture-recapture studies using photographic identification of evolving marks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035970","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling misidentification errors in capture-recapture studies using photographic identification of evolving marks","docAbstract":"Misidentification of animals is potentially important when naturally existing features (natural tags) are used to identify individual animals in a capture-recapture study. Photographic identification (photoID) typically uses photographic images of animals' naturally existing features as tags (photographic tags) and is subject to two main causes of identification errors: those related to quality of photographs (non-evolving natural tags) and those related to changes in natural marks (evolving natural tags). The conventional methods for analysis of capture-recapture data do not account for identification errors, and to do so requires a detailed understanding of the misidentification mechanism. Focusing on the situation where errors are due to evolving natural tags, we propose a misidentification mechanism and outline a framework for modeling the effect of misidentification in closed population studies. We introduce methods for estimating population size based on this model. Using a simulation study, we show that conventional estimators can seriously overestimate population size when errors due to misidentification are ignored, and that, in comparison, our new estimators have better properties except in cases with low capture probabilities (<0.2) or low misidentification rates (<2.5%). ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-0304.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Yoshizaki, J., Pollock, K.H., Brownie, C., and Webster, R., 2009, Modeling misidentification errors in capture-recapture studies using photographic identification of evolving marks: Ecology, v. 90, no. 1, p. 3-9, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0304.1.","startPage":"3","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216120,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-0304.1"},{"id":243967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c0be4b0c8380cd6f9ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yoshizaki, J.","contributorId":79596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshizaki","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownie, C.","contributorId":43463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownie","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webster, R.A.","contributorId":98138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035971,"text":"70035971 - 2009 - Predicting the biological condition of streams: Use of geospatial indicators of natural and anthropogenic characteristics of watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035971","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the biological condition of streams: Use of geospatial indicators of natural and anthropogenic characteristics of watersheds","docAbstract":"We developed and evaluated empirical models to predict biological condition of wadeable streams in a large portion of the eastern USA, with the ultimate goal of prediction for unsampled basins. Previous work had classified (i.e., altered vs. unaltered) the biological condition of 920 streams based on a biological assessment of macroinvertebrate assemblages. Predictor variables were limited to widely available geospatial data, which included land cover, topography, climate, soils, societal infrastructure, and potential hydrologic modification. We compared the accuracy of predictions of biological condition class based on models with continuous and binary responses. We also evaluated the relative importance of specific groups and individual predictor variables, as well as the relationships between the most important predictors and biological condition. Prediction accuracy and the relative importance of predictor variables were different for two subregions for which models were created. Predictive accuracy in the highlands region improved by including predictors that represented both natural and human activities. Riparian land cover and road-stream intersections were the most important predictors. In contrast, predictive accuracy in the lowlands region was best for models limited to predictors representing natural factors, including basin topography and soil properties. Partial dependence plots revealed complex and nonlinear relationships between specific predictors and the probability of biological alteration. We demonstrate a potential application of the model by predicting biological condition in 552 unsampled basins across an ecoregion in southeastern Wisconsin (USA). Estimates of the likelihood of biological condition of unsampled streams could be a valuable tool for screening large numbers of basins to focus targeted monitoring of potentially unaltered or altered stream segments. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-008-0256-z","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D., Falcone, J., and Meador, M.R., 2009, Predicting the biological condition of streams: Use of geospatial indicators of natural and anthropogenic characteristics of watersheds: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 151, no. 1-4, p. 143-160, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0256-z.","startPage":"143","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216148,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0256-z"},{"id":243997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"151","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81cde4b0c8380cd7b738","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, D.M.","contributorId":81059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falcone, J.","contributorId":20548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meador, M. R.","contributorId":74400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034424,"text":"70034424 - 2009 - Arctic lake physical processes and regimes with implications for winter water availability and management in the national petroleum reserve alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T20:06:11","indexId":"70034424","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arctic lake physical processes and regimes with implications for winter water availability and management in the national petroleum reserve alaska","docAbstract":"Lakes are dominant landforms in the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA) as well as important social and ecological resources. Of recent importance is the management of these freshwater ecosystems because lakes deeper than maximum ice thickness provide an important and often sole source of liquid water for aquatic biota, villages, and industry during winter. To better understand seasonal and annual hydrodynamics in the context of lake morphometry, we analyzed lakes in two adjacent areas where winter water use is expected to increase in the near future because of industrial expansion. Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus imagery acquired between 1985 and 2007 were analyzed and compared with climate data to understand interannual variability. Measured changes in lake area extent varied by 0.6% and were significantly correlated to total precipitation in the preceding 12 months (p < 0.05). Using this relation, the modeled lake area extent from 1985 to 2007 showed no long-term trends. In addition, high-resolution aerial photography, bathymetric surveys, water-level monitoring, and lake-ice thickness measurements and growth models were used to better understand seasonal hydrodynamics, surface area-to-volume relations, winter water availability, and more permanent changes related to geomorphic change. Together, these results describe how lakes vary seasonally and annually in two critical areas of the NPRA and provide simple models to help better predict variation in lake-water supply. Our findings suggest that both overestimation and underestimation of actual available winter water volume may occur regularly, and this understanding may help better inform management strategies as future resource use expands in the NPRA. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00267-008-9241-0","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Arp, C., Hinkel, K.M., Beck, R., Schmutz, J.A., and Winston, B., 2009, Arctic lake physical processes and regimes with implications for winter water availability and management in the national petroleum reserve alaska: Environmental Management, v. 43, no. 6, p. 1071-1084, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9241-0.","startPage":"1071","endPage":"1084","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216921,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9241-0"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed55e4b0c8380cd4973f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkel, Kenneth M.","contributorId":15405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkel","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beck, R.A.","contributorId":44246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winston, B.","contributorId":89379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winston","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033094,"text":"70033094 - 2009 - Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033094","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area","docAbstract":"We investigate interactions between successive naturally occurring fires, and assess to what extent the environments in which fires burn influence these interactions. Using mapped fire perimeters and satellite-based estimates of post-fire effects (referred to hereafter as fire severity) for 19 fires burning relatively freely over a 31-year period, we demonstrate that fire as a landscape process can exhibit self-limiting characteristics in an upper elevation Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest. We use the term 'self-limiting' to refer to recurring fire as a process over time (that is, fire regime) consuming fuel and ultimately constraining the spatial extent and lessening fire-induced effects of subsequent fires. When the amount of time between successive adjacent fires is under 9 years, and when fire weather is not extreme (burning index <34.9), the probability of the latter fire burning into the previous fire area is extremely low. Analysis of fire severity data by 10-year periods revealed a fair degree of stability in the proportion of area burned among fire severity classes (unchanged, low, moderate, high). This is in contrast to a recent study demonstrating increasing high-severity burning throughout the Sierra Nevada from 1984 to 2006, which suggests freely burning fires over time in upper elevation Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests can regulate fire-induced effects across the landscape. This information can help managers better anticipate short- and long-term effects of allowing naturally ignited fires to burn, and ultimately, improve their ability to implement Wildland Fire Use programs in similar forest types. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-008-9211-7","issn":"14329","usgsCitation":"Collins, B., Miller, J., Thode, A.E., Kelly, M., van Wagtendonk, J., and Stephens, S., 2009, Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area: Ecosystems, v. 12, no. 1, p. 114-128, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9211-7.","startPage":"114","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213304,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9211-7"},{"id":240916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cbee4b0c8380cd62fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, B.M.","contributorId":33925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, J.D.","contributorId":43431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thode, A. E.","contributorId":75870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thode","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, M.","contributorId":39585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stephens, S.L.","contributorId":85694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035263,"text":"70035263 - 2009 - Depletion of isoeugenol residues from the fillet tissue of AQUI-S™ exposed rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T10:25:18","indexId":"70035263","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depletion of isoeugenol residues from the fillet tissue of AQUI-S™ exposed rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>There is a critical need in U.S. public aquaculture and fishery management for an approved sedative that allows for the immediate release of fish after sedation. AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>&nbsp;is a fish anesthetic/sedative approved for use in several countries and until recently was being developed in the U.S. as a sedative for immediate release of fish after sedation. The U.S. National Toxicology Program reported that isoeugenol (the active ingredient in AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>) exposed male mice showed clear evidence of carcinogenicity, therefore efforts within the U.S. Department of Interior to develop AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>&nbsp;as a sedative that allows for immediate release ceased. Despite the ruling, AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>&nbsp;still has the potential to be approved as an anesthetic with a short withdrawal time. Among the data required to gain approval for use in the U.S. are data describing the composition and depletion of all AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>&nbsp;residues from fish fillet tissue. A total residue depletion study for AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>&nbsp;was conducted by exposing market-sized rainbow trout,&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;(mean weight, 502.7&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;54&nbsp;g; s.d.) to 8.9&nbsp;mg/L of&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C-[URL]-isoeugenol for 60&nbsp;min in 17&nbsp;&deg;C water. The&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C-[URL]-isoeugenol was mixed with a surfactant resulting in a mixture that mimicked AQUI-S</span><sup>TM</sup><span>. Groups of fish (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;6) were sampled immediately after the exposure (0-h sample group) and at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4&nbsp;h thereafter. Total isoeugenol-equivalent residue concentrations in the fillet tissue were determined by oxidizing triplicate subsamples of homogenized skin-on fillet tissue from each fish to&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and enumerating the radioactivity by static liquid scintillation counting. Isoeugenol concentrations in fillet tissue were determined by extracting homogenized fillet tissue with solvents and determining the isoeugenol concentrations in the extracts with high performance liquid chromatography techniques. The mean total isoeugenol-equivalent residue concentrations in the 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4-h sample groups were 55.4, 32.0, 19.8, 11.3, and 4.9&nbsp;&micro;g/g, respectively. The primary chemical residue in fillet tissue from all exposed fish was isoeugenol. The mean isoeugenol concentrations in the 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4-h sample groups were 48.9, 26.5, 15.3, 7.2, and 2.2&nbsp;&micro;g/g, respectively. The percents of the total radioactivity classified as isoeugenol in the 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4-h tissue extracts were 95, 73, 73, 64, and 48%, respectively.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.08.022","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J.R., and Schreier, T.M., 2009, Depletion of isoeugenol residues from the fillet tissue of AQUI-S™ exposed rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>): Aquaculture, v. 296, no. 3-4, p. 200-206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.08.022.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"206","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215157,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.08.022"}],"volume":"296","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feb2e4b0c8380cd4ee92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, Jeffery R. 0000-0002-8855-2648 jmeinertz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":2495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"Jeffery","email":"jmeinertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreier, Theresa M. 0000-0001-7722-6292 tschreier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-6292","contributorId":3344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreier","given":"Theresa","email":"tschreier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037097,"text":"70037097 - 2009 - A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-08T08:48:28","indexId":"70037097","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement defines Areas of Concern as geographic areas that fail to meet the general or specific objectives of the agreement where such failure has caused or is likely to cause impairment of beneficial use of the area's ability to support aquatic life. One of the beneficial use impairments, fish tumors or other deformities, is defined by the International Joint Commission to occur when the incidence rate of fish tumors and other deformities exceeds rates at unimpacted or control sites, or when survey data confirm the presence of neoplastic or preneoplastic liver tumors in bullhead or suckers. Brown bullhead, a benthic species with a limited home range, have frequently been used as indicator species in U.S. Areas of Concern. While there is strong field evidence for an association between PAH exposure and hepatic neoplasia in brown bullhead, laboratory investigations would strengthen the association. There is less evidence linking specific classes of chemicals in the environment to orocutaneous neoplasia in brown bullhead. Studies on orocutaneous neoplasia of brown bullhead should focus on assessing the presence or absence of viruses and on epidermal exposure to specific chemicals and chemical mixtures. Lastly, the effects of covariates such as length, age, and gender on the prevalence of liver and skin neoplasms should be investigated. This paper reviews the state of science on the fish tumors or other deformities beneficial use impairment. Subsequent papers address specific issues related to this impairment and provide recommendations for standardized criteria.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Rafferty, S., Blazer, V., Pinkney, A., Grazio, J., Obert, E., and Boughton, L., 2009, A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 4, p. 496-506, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"496","endPage":"506","costCenters":[{"id":418,"text":"National Fish Health Research Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217277,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005"},{"id":245210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e421e4b0c8380cd46424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rafferty, S.D.","contributorId":28453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pinkney, A.E.","contributorId":87501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinkney","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grazio, J.L.","contributorId":64485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grazio","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Obert, E.C.","contributorId":38808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obert","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boughton, L.","contributorId":23364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boughton","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034446,"text":"70034446 - 2009 - Carbon cycling under 300 years of land use change: importance of the secondary vegetation sink","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-07T10:58:59","indexId":"70034446","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon cycling under 300 years of land use change: importance of the secondary vegetation sink","docAbstract":"We have developed a dynamic land model (LM3V) able to simulate ecosystem dynamics and exchanges of water, energy, and CO<sub>2</sub> between land and atmosphere. LM3V is specifically designed to address the consequences of land use and land management changes including cropland and pasture dynamics, shifting cultivation, logging, fire, and resulting patterns of secondary regrowth. Here we analyze the behavior of LM3V, forced with the output from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) atmospheric model AM2, observed precipitation data, and four historic scenarios of land use change for 1700-2000. Our analysis suggests a net terrestrial carbon source due to land use activities from 1.1 to 1.3 GtC/a during the 1990s, where the range is due to the difference in the historic cropland distribution. This magnitude is substantially smaller than previous estimates from other models, largely due to our estimates of a secondary vegetation sink of 0.35 to 0.6 GtC/a in the 1990s and decelerating agricultural land clearing since the 1960s. For the 1990s, our estimates for the pastures' carbon flux vary from a source of 0.37 to a sink of 0.15 GtC/a, and for the croplands our model shows a carbon source of 0.6 to 0.9 GtC/a. Our process-based model suggests a smaller net deforestation source than earlier bookkeeping models because it accounts for decelerated net conversion of primary forest to agriculture and for stronger secondary vegetation regrowth in tropical regions. The overall uncertainty is likely to be higher than the range reported here because of uncertainty in the biomass recovery under changing ambient conditions, including atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, nutrients availability, and climate. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2007GB003176","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Shevliakova, E., Pacala, S.W., Malyshev, S., Hurtt, G.C., Milly, P., Caspersen, J.P., Sentman, L.T., Fisk, J.P., Wirth, C., and Crevoisier, C., 2009, Carbon cycling under 300 years of land use change: importance of the secondary vegetation sink: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 23, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003176.","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476206,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gb003176","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216804,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003176"},{"id":244696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f35de4b0c8380cd4b757","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shevliakova, Elena","contributorId":15436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shevliakova","given":"Elena","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pacala, Stephen W.","contributorId":84596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pacala","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malyshev, Sergey","contributorId":22175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malyshev","given":"Sergey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurtt, George C.","contributorId":101916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurtt","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Caspersen, John P.","contributorId":104734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caspersen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sentman, Lori T.","contributorId":38812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sentman","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fisk, Justin P.","contributorId":56475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisk","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wirth, Christian","contributorId":97350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirth","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Crevoisier, Cyril","contributorId":85800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crevoisier","given":"Cyril","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70035264,"text":"70035264 - 2009 - Hierarchical spatial genetic structure of Common Eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima</i>) breeding along a migratory corridor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T22:21:30","indexId":"70035264","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical spatial genetic structure of Common Eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima</i>) breeding along a migratory corridor","docAbstract":"<div class=\"articleAbstractBox\"><div class=\"abstractSection\"><p class=\"last\">Documentation of spatial genetic discordance among breeding populations of Arctic-nesting avian species is important, because anthropogenic change is altering environmental linkages at micro- and macrogeographic scales. We estimated levels of population subdivision within Pacific Common Eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima v-nigrum</i>) breeding on 12 barrier islands in the western Beaufort Sea, Alaska, using molecular markers and capture—mark—recapture (CMR) data. Common Eider populations were genetically structured on a microgeographic scale. Regional comparisons between populations breeding on island groups separated by 90 km (Mikkelsen Bay and Simpson Lagoon) revealed structuring at 14 microsatellite loci (<i>F</i> <sub>ST</sub> = 0.004, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), a nuclear intron (<i>F</i> <sub>ST</sub> = 0.022, <i>P</i> = 0.02), and mitochondrial DNA (Φ<sub>ST</sub> = 0.082, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The CMR data (<i>n</i> = 34) did not indicate female dispersal between island groups. Concordance between genetic and CMR data indicates that females breeding in the western Beaufort Sea are strongly philopatric to island groups rather than to a particular island. Despite the apparent high site fidelity of females, coalescence-based models of gene flow suggest that asymmetrical western dispersal occurs between island groups and is likely mediated by Mikkelsen Bay females stopping early on spring migration at Simpson Lagoon to breed. Alternatively, late-arriving females may be predisposed to nest in Simpson Lagoon because of the greater availability and wider distribution of nesting habitat. Our results indicate that genetic discontinuities, mediated by female philopatry, can exist at microgeographic scales along established migratory corridors.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2009.08224","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Sonsthagen, S.A., Talbot, S.L., Lanctot, R., Scribner, K.T., and McCracken, K.G., 2009, Hierarchical spatial genetic structure of Common Eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima</i>) breeding along a migratory corridor: The Auk, v. 126, no. 4, p. 744-754, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.08224.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"744","endPage":"754","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.08224","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30a3e4b0c8380cd5d7f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":77879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":449950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCracken, Kevin G.","contributorId":72309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCracken","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":449946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035992,"text":"70035992 - 2009 - Integrated analysis of PALSAR/Radarsat-1 InSAR and ENVISAT altimeter data for mapping of absolute water level changes in Louisiana wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T12:27:03","indexId":"70035992","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated analysis of PALSAR/Radarsat-1 InSAR and ENVISAT altimeter data for mapping of absolute water level changes in Louisiana wetlands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has been used to detect relative water level changes in wetlands. We developed an innovative method to integrate InSAR and satellite radar altimetry for measuring absolute or geocentric water level changes and applied the methodology to remote areas of swamp forest in coastal Louisiana. Coherence analysis of InSAR pairs suggested that the HH polarization is preferred for this type of observation, and polarimetric analysis can help to identify double-bounce backscattering areas in the wetland. ENVISAT radar altimeter-measured 18-Hz (along-track sampling of 417&nbsp;m) water level data processed with regional </span><i>stackfile</i><span> method have been used to provide vertical references for water bodies separated by levees. The high-resolution (~&nbsp;40&nbsp;m) relative water changes measured from ALOS PALSAR L-band and Radarsat-1 C-band InSAR are then integrated with ENVISAT radar altimetry to obtain absolute water level. The resulting water level time series were validated with </span><i>in situ</i><span> gauge observations within the swamp forest. We anticipate that this new technique will allow retrospective reconstruction and concurrent monitoring of water conditions and flow dynamics in wetlands, especially those lacking gauge networks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.014","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Kim, J., Lu, Z., Lee, H., Shum, C., Swarzenski, C., Doyle, T., and Baek, S., 2009, Integrated analysis of PALSAR/Radarsat-1 InSAR and ENVISAT altimeter data for mapping of absolute water level changes in Louisiana wetlands: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 11, p. 2356-2365, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.014.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2356","endPage":"2365","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-017650","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216504,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.014"}],"volume":"113","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c59e4b0c8380cd62c8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, J.-W.","contributorId":75731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"J.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, H.","contributorId":40739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shum, C. K.","contributorId":85373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shum","given":"C. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swarzenski, C.M.","contributorId":74856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baek, S.-H.","contributorId":84187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baek","given":"S.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035996,"text":"70035996 - 2009 - Incorporating both physical and kinetic limitations in quantifying dissolved oxygen flux to aquatic sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035996","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating both physical and kinetic limitations in quantifying dissolved oxygen flux to aquatic sediments","docAbstract":"Traditionally, dissolved oxygen (DO) fluxes have been calculated using the thin-film theory with DO microstructure data in systems characterized by fine sediments and low velocities. However, recent experimental evidence of fluctuating DO concentrations near the sediment-water interface suggests that turbulence and coherent motions control the mass transfer, and the surface renewal theory gives a more mechanistic model for quantifying fluxes. Both models involve quantifying the mass transfer coefficient (k) and the relevant concentration difference (??<sub>C</sub>). This study compared several empirical models for quantifying k based on both thin-film and surface renewal theories, as well as presents a new method for quantifying ??<sub>C</sub> (dynamic approach) that is consistent with the observed DO concentration fluctuations near the interface. Data were used from a series of flume experiments that includes both physical and kinetic uptake limitations of the flux. Results indicated that methods for quantifying k and ??<sub>C</sub> using the surface renewal theory better estimated the DO flux across a range of fluid-flow conditions. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000093","issn":"07339372","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, B., Hondzo, M., and Harvey, J., 2009, Incorporating both physical and kinetic limitations in quantifying dissolved oxygen flux to aquatic sediments: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 135, no. 12, p. 1304-1314, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000093.","startPage":"1304","endPage":"1314","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216094,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000093"},{"id":243936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39e7e4b0c8380cd61a98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, B.L.","contributorId":24977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hondzo, Miki","contributorId":11816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hondzo","given":"Miki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12693,"text":"Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering and St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Minneapolis, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":453527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034452,"text":"70034452 - 2009 - Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 2. Inverse modeling for eff ective properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034452","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 2. Inverse modeling for eff ective properties","docAbstract":"To understand their relation to pedogenic development, soil hydraulic properties in the Mojave Desert were investi- gated for three deposit types: (i) recently deposited sediments in an active wash, (ii) a soil of early Holocene age, and (iii) a highly developed soil of late Pleistocene age. Eff ective parameter values were estimated for a simplifi ed model based on Richards' equation using a fl ow simulator (VS2D), an inverse algorithm (UCODE-2005), and matric pressure and water content data from three ponded infi ltration experiments. The inverse problem framework was designed to account for the eff ects of subsurface lateral spreading of infi ltrated water. Although none of the inverse problems converged on a unique, best-fi t parameter set, a minimum standard error of regression was reached for each deposit type. Parameter sets from the numerous inversions that reached the minimum error were used to develop probability distribu tions for each parameter and deposit type. Electrical resistance imaging obtained for two of the three infi ltration experiments was used to independently test fl ow model performance. Simulations for the active wash and Holocene soil successfully depicted the lateral and vertical fl uxes. Simulations of the more pedogenically developed Pleistocene soil did not adequately replicate the observed fl ow processes, which would require a more complex conceptual model to include smaller scale heterogeneities. The inverse-modeling results, however, indicate that with increasing age, the steep slope of the soil water retention curve shitis toward more negative matric pressures. Assigning eff ective soil hydraulic properties based on soil age provides a promising framework for future development of regional-scale models of soil moisture dynamics in arid environments for land-management applications. ?? Soil Science Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Vadose Zone Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2136/vzj2008.0051","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Mirus, B., Perkins, K., Nimmo, J., and Singha, K., 2009, Hydrologic characterization of desert soils with varying degrees of pedogenesis: 2. Inverse modeling for eff ective properties: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 8, no. 2, p. 496-509, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2008.0051.","startPage":"496","endPage":"509","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216893,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2008.0051"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3581e4b0c8380cd5ffa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mirus, B.B.","contributorId":68128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"B.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, K. S. 0000-0001-8349-447X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":77557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"K. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singha, K.","contributorId":51431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034458,"text":"70034458 - 2009 - Monitoring land use on military installations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T16:07:57","indexId":"70034458","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2743,"text":"Military Engineer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring land use on military installations","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey's Land Cover Trends is a research projects aimed to understand the rates, trends, causes, and consequences of contemporary US land use and land-cover change. The project is using the EPA Level III eco-regions as a geographic framework to process geospatial data collected between 1973 and 2000 to characterize ecosystem responses to land-use changes. The results are expected to be used for collaborative environmental change consequences research with various partners including the National Science Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The Land Cover project can provide geographic understanding of the state of the nation's ecosystems. The project is scheduled to be completed by 2010 and expected to provide an unbiased, national synthesis of land-cover changes.","language":"English","issn":"00263982","usgsCitation":"Karstensen, K., and Loveland, T., 2009, Monitoring land use on military installations: Military Engineer, v. 101, no. 657, p. 47-48.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"657","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dbae4b0c8380cd7056c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karstensen, K.A.","contributorId":76561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karstensen","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035999,"text":"70035999 - 2009 - Water quality analysis of groundwater in crystalline basement rocks, Northern Ghana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035999","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water quality analysis of groundwater in crystalline basement rocks, Northern Ghana","docAbstract":"Hydrochemical data are presented for groundwater samples, collected from fractured aquifers in parts of northern Ghana. The data was collected to assess the groundwater suitability for domestic and agricultural use. Results of the study reveal that the pH of the groundwater in the area is slightly acidic to slightly alkaline. The electrical conductivity values, total dissolved solids (TDS) values and calcium, magnesium and sodium concentrations in the groundwater are generally below the limit set by the WHO for potable water supply. On the basis of activity diagrams, groundwater from the fractured aquifers appears to be stable within the montmorillonite field, suggesting weathering of silicate minerals. An inverse distance weighting interpolator with a power of 2 was applied to the data points to produce prediction maps for nitrate and fluoride. The distribution maps show the presence of high nitrate concentrations (50-194??mg/l) in some of the boreholes in the western part of the study area indicating anthropogenic impact on the groundwater. Elevated fluoride level (1.5-4??mg/l), higher than the WHO allowable fluoride concentration of 1.5, is recorded in the groundwater underlying the northeastern part of the study area, more specifically Bongo and its surrounding communities of the Upper East region. Results of this study suggest that groundwater from the fractured aquifers in the area exhibit low sodicity-low salinity (S1-C1), low sodicity-medium salinity (S1-C2) characteristics [United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) classification scheme]. All data points from this study plot within the 'Excellent to good' category on a Wilcox diagram. Groundwater in this area thus appears to provide irrigation water of excellent quality. The hydrochemical results indicate that, although nitrate and fluoride concentrations in some boreholes are high, the groundwater in the study area, based on the parameters analyzed, is chemically potable and suitable for domestic and agricultural purposes. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-008-1578-4","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Anku, Y., Banoeng-Yakubo, B., Asiedu, D., and Yidana, S., 2009, Water quality analysis of groundwater in crystalline basement rocks, Northern Ghana: Environmental Geology, v. 58, no. 5, p. 989-997, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1578-4.","startPage":"989","endPage":"997","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216151,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1578-4"},{"id":244000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc86ae4b08c986b32c917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anku, Y.S.","contributorId":29661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anku","given":"Y.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banoeng-Yakubo, B.","contributorId":75332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banoeng-Yakubo","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asiedu, D.K.","contributorId":84589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asiedu","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yidana, S.M.","contributorId":59554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yidana","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036001,"text":"70036001 - 2009 - Quantifying fluxes and characterizing compositional changes of dissolved organic matter in aquatic systems in situ using combined acoustic and optical measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:34:21","indexId":"70036001","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2622,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying fluxes and characterizing compositional changes of dissolved organic matter in aquatic systems in situ using combined acoustic and optical measurements","docAbstract":"Studying the dynamics and geochemical behavior of dissolved and particulate organic material is difficult because concentration and composition may rapidly change in response to aperiodic as well as periodic physical and biological forcing. Here we describe a method useful for quantifying fluxes and analyzing dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics. The method uses coupled optical and acoustic measurements that provide robust quantitative estimates of concentrations and constituent characteristics needed to investigate processes and calculate fluxes of DOM in tidal and other lotic environments. Data were collected several times per hour for 2 weeks or more, with the frequency and duration limited only by power consumption and data storage capacity. We assessed the capabilities and limitations of the method using data from a winter deployment in a natural tidal wetland of the San Francisco Bay estuary. We used statistical correlation of in situ optical data with traditional laboratory analyses of discrete water samples to calibrate optical properties suited as proxies for DOM concentrations and characterizations. Coupled with measurements of flow velocity, we calculated long-term residual horizontal fluxes of DOC into and out from a tidal wetland. Subsampling the dataset provides an estimate for the maximum sampling interval beyond which the error in flux estimate is significantly increased.?? 2009, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lom.2009.7.119","issn":"15415856","usgsCitation":"Downing, B., Boss, E., Bergamaschi, B., Fleck, J., Lionberger, M.A., Ganju, N., Schoellhamer, D., and Fujii, R., 2009, Quantifying fluxes and characterizing compositional changes of dissolved organic matter in aquatic systems in situ using combined acoustic and optical measurements: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, v. 7, no. 1, p. 119-131, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2009.7.119.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2009.7.119","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91cce4b0c8380cd8047a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downing, B.D. 0000-0002-2007-5304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":71681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"B.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boss, E.","contributorId":59544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boss","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleck, J.A. 0000-0002-3217-3972","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":35864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lionberger, M. A.","contributorId":96494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lionberger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ganju, N. K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":64782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"N. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fujii, R.","contributorId":32278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035182,"text":"70035182 - 2009 - Spatial habitat use patterns of sea otters in coastal washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035182","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial habitat use patterns of sea otters in coastal washington","docAbstract":"Sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) movements, home range, and activity budgets were described from data collected during very-high-frequency radiotelemetry studies of 75 individuals on the outer coast of Washington State between 1992 and 1999. Sea otters were located at least once per week from 22 accessible sites along the coast. Over the 7-year study period, range expansion occurred from the core range north and east into the Strait of Juan de Fuca (SJF) as well as southward on the outer coast. Forty-three percent of the sea otters moved into the SJF at least once, most often in winter, using habitat that had not been occupied by sea otters since their extirpation 100 years ago. All sea otters spent portions of their time in the vicinity of Cape Alava, and many animals demonstrated consistent periodic seasonal shifts between specific portions of the coastline over several years. Ninety-five percent annual linear home ranges differed between sex and age classes. Adult males used the largest amount of coastline (50 km ?? 9 5D) and subadult females used the least (24 ?? 9 km). Both adult males and females demonstrated high seasonal periodicity in range use in summer and winter. Twenty-four-hour time budgets in the core portion of the range revealed on average sea otters spent 41% ?? 14% SD of the time foraging and 45% ?? 13% of the time resting (age and sex classes pooled). Adult and subadult female sea otters were most frequently found resting and foraging close to shore (< 1,000 m) and in shallow water (0-10 m), whereas adult and subadult males rested and foraged > 1,000 m offshore and at depths between 10 and 30 m. Given current rates of population growth and observed mobility, sea otters in Washington have high potential for range expansion into unoccupied habitat such as Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay, the SJF, or along Vancouver Island. ?? 2009 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/08-MAMM-A-338.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Laidre, K., Jameson, R., Gurarie, E., Jeffries, S., and Allen, H., 2009, Spatial habitat use patterns of sea otters in coastal washington: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 90, no. 4, p. 906-917, https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-338.1.","startPage":"906","endPage":"917","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476182,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-338.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215422,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-338.1"},{"id":243228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b947fe4b08c986b31ab16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laidre, K.L.","contributorId":88319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laidre","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jameson, R.J.","contributorId":56581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gurarie, E.","contributorId":103487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurarie","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jeffries, S.J.","contributorId":26262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffries","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, H.","contributorId":59209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037422,"text":"70037422 - 2009 - Rock slope stability analysis along the North Carolina section of the Blue Ridge Parkway: Using a geographic information system (GIS) to integrate site data and digital geologic maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T01:25:09.356079","indexId":"70037422","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Rock slope stability analysis along the North Carolina section of the Blue Ridge Parkway: Using a geographic information system (GIS) to integrate site data and digital geologic maps","docAbstract":"<div class=\"chakra-text css-okc7pe\"><div class=\"chakra-text css-1me9wkh\">In 2008, the North Carolina Geological Survey (NCGS) completed a five-year geologic and geohazards inventory of the 406-km long North Carolina segment of the Blue Ridge Parkway (BRP). The ArcGIS™ format deliverables for rock slopes include a slope movement and slope movement deposit database and maps and site-specific rock slope stability assessments at 158 locations. Database entries for known and potential rock slope failures include: location data, failure modes and dimensions, activity dates and levels, structural and lithologic data, the occurrence of sulfide minerals and acid-producing potential test results. Rock slope stability assessments include photographs of the rock cuts and show locations and orientations of rock data, seepage zones, and kinematic stability analyses. Assigned preliminary geologic hazard ratings of low, moderate and high indicate the generalized relative probability of rock fall and/or rock slide activity at a given location. Statistics compiled based on the database indicate some general patterns within the data. This information provides the National Park Service with tools that can aid in emergency preparedness, and in budgeting mitigation, maintenance and repair measures.</div></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"43rd U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium and 4th U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"43rd U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium and 4th U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium","conferenceDate":"June 28-July 1, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Asheville, NC","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Latham, R., Wooten, R., Cattanach, B., Merschat, C., and Bozdog, G., 2009, Rock slope stability analysis along the North Carolina section of the Blue Ridge Parkway: Using a geographic information system (GIS) to integrate site data and digital geologic maps, <i>in</i> 43rd U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium and 4th U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium, Asheville, NC, June 28-July 1, 2009.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadfde4b0c8380cd86fe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Latham, R.S.","contributorId":66920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latham","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooten, R.M.","contributorId":93593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooten","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cattanach, B.L.","contributorId":40449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cattanach","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Merschat, C.E.","contributorId":46798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merschat","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bozdog, G.N.","contributorId":21380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bozdog","given":"G.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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