{"pageNumber":"786","pageRowStart":"19625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46882,"records":[{"id":70034694,"text":"70034694 - 2009 - GIS applications for military operations in coastal zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034694","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1958,"text":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GIS applications for military operations in coastal zones","docAbstract":"In order to successfully support current and future US military operations in coastal zones, geospatial information must be rapidly integrated and analyzed to meet ongoing force structure evolution and new mission directives. Coastal zones in a military-operational environment are complex regions that include sea, land and air features that demand high-volume databases of extreme detail within relatively narrow geographic corridors. Static products in the form of analog maps at varying scales traditionally have been used by military commanders and their operational planners. The rapidly changing battlefield of 21st Century warfare, however, demands dynamic mapping solutions. Commercial geographic information system (GIS) software for military-specific applications is now being developed and employed with digital databases to provide customized digital maps of variable scale, content and symbolization tailored to unique demands of military units. Research conducted by the Center for Remote Sensing and Mapping Science at the University of Georgia demonstrated the utility of GIS-based analysis and digital map creation when developing large-scale (1:10,000) products from littoral warfare databases. The methodology employed-selection of data sources (including high resolution commercial images and Lidar), establishment of analysis/modeling parameters, conduct of vehicle mobility analysis, development of models and generation of products (such as a continuous sea-land DEM and geo-visualization of changing shorelines with tidal levels)-is discussed. Based on observations and identified needs from the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, formerly the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, and the Department of Defense, prototype GIS models for military operations in sea, land and air environments were created from multiple data sets of a study area at US Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. Results of these models, along with methodologies for developing large-scale littoral warfare databases, aid the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency in meeting littoral warfare analysis, modeling and map generation requirements for US military organizations. ?? 2008 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.10.004","issn":"09242716","usgsCitation":"Fleming, S., Jordan, T., Madden, M., Usery, E., and Welch, R., 2009, GIS applications for military operations in coastal zones: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, v. 64, no. 2, p. 213-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.10.004.","startPage":"213","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215663,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.10.004"},{"id":243482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1465e4b0c8380cd54a08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, S.","contributorId":90954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordan, T.","contributorId":18197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madden, M.","contributorId":18068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Welch, R.","contributorId":6996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034696,"text":"70034696 - 2009 - Developmental toxicity in white leghorn chickens following in ovo exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-17T09:29:46","indexId":"70034696","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3261,"text":"Reproductive Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developmental toxicity in white leghorn chickens following in ovo exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)","docAbstract":"Studies show that perfluorinated compounds cause various toxicological effects; nevertheless, effects on immune function and developmental endpoints have not been addressed at length. This study examined the effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in white leghorn hatchlings on various developmental, immunological, and clinical health parameters. In addition, serum PFOS concentrations were determined by LC/MS/MS. Embryonic day (ED) 0 eggs were injected with either safflower oil/10% DMSO (control, 0 mg/kg egg wt) or PFOS in safflower oil/10% DMSO at 1, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg egg wt, and the chicks were grown to post-hatch day (PHD) 14. Treatment with PFOS did not affect hatch rate. Following in ovo exposure chicks exhibited increases in spleen mass at all treatment levels, in liver mass at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg egg wt, and in body length (crown-rump length) at the 5 mg/kg treatment. Right wings were shorter in all treatments compared to control. Increases in the frequency of brain asymmetry were evident in all treatment groups. SRBC-specific immunoglobulin (IgM and IgY combined) titers were decreased significantly at all treatment levels, while plasma lysozyme activity was increased at all treatment levels. The PHA skin test response decreased in relation to increasing PFOS dose. Serum concentrations where significant immunological, morphological, and neurological effects were observed at the lowest dose (1 mg/kg egg wt) averaged 154 ng PFOS/g serum. These concentrations fall within environmental ranges reported in blood samples from wild caught avian species; thereby, verifying that the environmental egg concentrations used for the injections do indeed relate to serum levels in hatchlings that are also environmentally relevant. These data indicate that immune alterations and brain asymmetry can occur in birds following in ovo exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PFOS and demonstrates the need for further research on the developmental effects of perfluorinated compounds in various species. ?? 2009 Elsevier Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reproductive Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.10.009","issn":"08906238","usgsCitation":"Peden-Adams, M.M., Stuckey, J.E., Gaworecki, K., Berger-Ritchie, J., Bryant, K., Jodice, P., Scott, T., Ferrario, J., Guan, B., Vigo, C., Boone, J., McGuinn, W., DeWitt, J., and Keil, D., 2009, Developmental toxicity in white leghorn chickens following in ovo exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS): Reproductive Toxicology, v. 27, no. 3-4, p. 307-318, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.10.009.","startPage":"307","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-008257","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215695,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.10.009"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0084e4b0c8380cd4f798","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peden-Adams, M. M.","contributorId":16281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peden-Adams","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuckey, Joyce E.","contributorId":106761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckey","given":"Joyce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaworecki, K.M.","contributorId":74253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaworecki","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berger-Ritchie, J.","contributorId":105608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger-Ritchie","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bryant, K.","contributorId":19043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jodice, P.G.","contributorId":67371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scott, T.R.","contributorId":76195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ferrario, J.B.","contributorId":96163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrario","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Guan, B.","contributorId":80974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guan","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Vigo, C.","contributorId":9134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vigo","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Boone, J.S.","contributorId":41708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"McGuinn, W.D.","contributorId":80975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuinn","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"DeWitt, J.C.","contributorId":28490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Keil, D.E.","contributorId":75823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keil","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70034713,"text":"70034713 - 2009 - Ground and surface temperature variability for remote sensing of soil moisture in a heterogeneous landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034713","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground and surface temperature variability for remote sensing of soil moisture in a heterogeneous landscape","docAbstract":"At the Little River Watershed (LRW) heterogeneous landscape near Tifton Georgia US an in situ network of stations operated by the US Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service-Southeast Watershed Research Lab (USDA-ARS-SEWRL) was established in 2003 for the long term study of climatic and soil biophysical processes. To develop an accurate interpolation of the in situ readings that can be used to produce distributed representations of soil moisture (SM) and energy balances at the landscape scale for remote sensing studies, we studied (1) the temporal and spatial variations of ground temperature (GT) and infra red temperature (IRT) within 30 by 30 m plots around selected network stations; (2) the relationship between the readings from the eight 30 by 30 m plots and the point reading of the network stations for the variables SM, GT and IRT; and (3) the spatial and temporal variation of GT and IRT within agriculture landuses: grass, orchard, peanuts, cotton and bare soil in the surrounding landscape. The results showed high correlations between the station readings and the adjacent 30 by 30 m plot average value for SM; high seasonal independent variation in the GT and IRT behavior among the eight 30 by 30 m plots; and site specific, in-field homogeneity in each 30 by 30 m plot. We found statistical differences in the GT and IRT between the different landuses as well as high correlations between GT and IRT regardless of the landuse. Greater standard deviations for IRT than for GT (in the range of 2-4) were found within the 30 by 30 m, suggesting that when a single point reading for this variable is selected for the validation of either remote sensing data or water-energy models, errors may occur. The results confirmed that in this landscape homogeneous 30 by 30 m plots can be used as landscape spatial units for soil moisture and ground temperature studies. Under this landscape conditions small plots can account for local expressions of environmental processes, decreasing the errors and uncertainties in remote sensing estimates caused by landscape heterogeneity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.010","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Giraldo, M., Bosch, D., Madden, M., Usery, L., and Finn, M., 2009, Ground and surface temperature variability for remote sensing of soil moisture in a heterogeneous landscape: Journal of Hydrology, v. 368, no. 1-4, p. 214-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.010.","startPage":"214","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215925,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.010"}],"volume":"368","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a8be4b0c8380cd5b26f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giraldo, M.A.","contributorId":65591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giraldo","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bosch, D.","contributorId":83241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bosch","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madden, M.","contributorId":18068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Usery, L.","contributorId":76442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finn, M.","contributorId":45539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034714,"text":"70034714 - 2009 - Monitoring the removal of phosphate from ground water discharging through a pond-bottom permeable reactive barrier","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T11:23:57","indexId":"70034714","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring the removal of phosphate from ground water discharging through a pond-bottom permeable reactive barrier","docAbstract":"<p><span>Installation of a permeable reactive barrier to intercept a phosphate (PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>) plume where it discharges to a pond provided an opportunity to develop and test methods for monitoring the barrier’s performance in the shallow pond‐bottom sediments. The barrier is composed of zero‐valent‐iron mixed with the native sediments to a 0.6‐m depth over a 1100‐m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;area. Permanent suction, diffusion, and seepage samplers were installed to monitor PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and other chemical species along vertical transects through the barrier and horizontal transects below and near the top of the barrier. Analysis of pore water sampled at about 3‐cm vertical intervals by using multilevel diffusion and suction samplers indicated steep decreases in PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations in ground water flowing upward through the barrier. Samples from vertically aligned pairs of horizontal multiport suction samplers also indicated substantial decreases in PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations and lateral shifts in the plume’s discharge area as a result of varying pond stage. Measurements from Lee‐style seepage meters indicated substantially decreased PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations in discharging ground water in the treated area; temporal trends in water flux were related to pond stage. The advantages and limitations of each sampling device are described. Preliminary analysis of the first 2 years of data indicates that the barrier reduced PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;flux by as much as 95%.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01235.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"McCobb, T., LeBlanc, D., and Massey, A., 2009, Monitoring the removal of phosphate from ground water discharging through a pond-bottom permeable reactive barrier: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 29, no. 2, p. 43-55, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01235.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476227,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01235.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215926,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01235.x"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5df1e4b0c8380cd706d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCobb, T.D. 0000-0003-1533-847X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-847X","contributorId":97944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCobb","given":"T.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, D.R.","contributorId":87141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Massey, A.J.","contributorId":17065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034715,"text":"70034715 - 2009 - Modelling predation by transient leopard seals for an ecosystem-based management of Southern Ocean fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034715","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling predation by transient leopard seals for an ecosystem-based management of Southern Ocean fisheries","docAbstract":"Correctly quantifying the impacts of rare apex marine predators is essential to ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management, where harvesting must be sustainable for targeted species and their dependent predators. This requires modelling the uncertainty in such processes as predator life history, seasonal abundance and movement, size-based predation, energetic requirements, and prey vulnerability. We combined these uncertainties to evaluate the predatory impact of transient leopard seals on a community of mesopredators (seals and penguins) and their prey at South Georgia, and assess the implications for an ecosystem-based management. The mesopredators are highly dependent on Antarctic krill and icefish, which are targeted by regional fisheries. We used a state-space formulation to combine (1) a mark-recapture open-population model and individual identification data to assess seasonally variable leopard seal arrival and departure dates, numbers, and residency times; (2) a size-based bioenergetic model; and (3) a size-based prey choice model from a diet analysis. Our models indicated that prey choice and consumption reflected seasonal changes in leopard seal population size and structure, size-selective predation and prey vulnerability. A population of 104 (90-125) leopard seals, of which 64% were juveniles, consumed less than 2% of the Antarctic fur seal pup production of the area (50% of total ingested energy, IE), but ca. 12-16% of the local gentoo penguin population (20% IE). Antarctic krill (28% IE) were the only observed food of leopard seal pups and supplemented the diet of older individuals. Direct impacts on krill and fish were negligible, but the \"escapement\" due to leopard seal predation on fur seal pups and penguins could be significant for the mackerel icefish fishery at South Georgia. These results suggest that: (1) rare apex predators like leopard seals may control, and may depend on, populations of mesopredators dependent on prey species targeted by fisheries; and (2) predatory impacts and community control may vary throughout the predator's geographic range, and differ across ecosystems and management areas, depending on the seasonal abundance of the prey and the predator's dispersal movements. This understanding is important to integrate the predator needs as natural mortality of its prey in models to set prey catch limits for fisheries. Reliable estimates of the variability of these needs are essential for a precautionary interpretation in the context of an ecosystem-based management. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.03.020","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Forcada, J., Malone, D., Royle, J., and Staniland, I., 2009, Modelling predation by transient leopard seals for an ecosystem-based management of Southern Ocean fisheries: Ecological Modelling, v. 220, no. 12, p. 1513-1521, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.03.020.","startPage":"1513","endPage":"1521","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215955,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.03.020"},{"id":243792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"220","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c72e4b0c8380cd6fcd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forcada, J.","contributorId":31506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forcada","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malone, D.","contributorId":59642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Staniland, I.J.","contributorId":82433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staniland","given":"I.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034720,"text":"70034720 - 2009 - Aroclor 1248 exposure leads to immunomodulation, decreased disease resistance and endocrine disruption in the brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-08T08:04:54","indexId":"70034720","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aroclor 1248 exposure leads to immunomodulation, decreased disease resistance and endocrine disruption in the brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus","docAbstract":"The brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus is a species of the family Ictaluridae commonly used as a sentinel of environmental contamination. While these fish have been utilized for this purpose in areas contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), few controlled, laboratory-based studies have been designed to document the effects of PCB mixtures in this species. Here, brown bullhead were exposed to the PCB mixture, Aroclor 1248, via intraperitoneal injection and the effects on immune function, plasma hormones and disease resistance were evaluated. Exposure to this mixture led to a decrease in bactericidal activity and circulating antibodies to Edwardsiella ictaluri present from a previous exposure to this pathogen. A subsequent E. ictaluri disease challenge led to significantly higher mortality in A1248 treated fish compared to vehicle-control fish. The mitogenic response to the T-cell mitogen, phytohemaglutinin-P, was increased compared to vehicle-control fish. The steroid hormone, cortisol, and the thyroid hormone, T3, were also significantly lower in A1248 exposed fish. In summary, we have validated a number of functional immune assays for application in brown bullhead immunotoxicity studies. Additionally, we have demonstrated that the PCB mixture (A1248) modulates both immune function and endocrine physiology in brown bullhead. Such data may compliment the interpretation of data yielded from applied field studies conducted in PCB contaminated aquatic ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.03.008","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Iwanowicz, L., Blazer, V., McCormick, S., Van Veld, P., and Ottinger, C., 2009, Aroclor 1248 exposure leads to immunomodulation, decreased disease resistance and endocrine disruption in the brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 93, no. 1, p. 70-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.03.008.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.03.008"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed7ee4b0c8380cd49832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iwanowicz, L. R. 0000-0002-1197-6178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":43864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Veld, P.A.","contributorId":77729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Veld","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ottinger, C. A. 0000-0003-2551-1985","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-1985","contributorId":8796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034739,"text":"70034739 - 2009 - Web services in the U.S. geological survey streamstats web application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034739","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Web services in the U.S. geological survey streamstats web application","docAbstract":"StreamStats is a U.S. Geological Survey Web-based GIS application developed as a tool for waterresources planning and management, engineering design, and other applications. StreamStats' primary functionality allows users to obtain drainage-basin boundaries, basin characteristics, and streamflow statistics for gaged and ungaged sites. Recently, Web services have been developed that provide the capability to remote users and applications to access comprehensive GIS tools that are available in StreamStats, including delineating drainage-basin boundaries, computing basin characteristics, estimating streamflow statistics for user-selected locations, and determining point features that coincide with a National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) reach address. For the state of Kentucky, a web service also has been developed that provides users the ability to estimate daily time series of drainage-basin average values of daily precipitation and temperature. The use of web services allows the user to take full advantage of the datasets and processes behind the Stream Stats application without having to develop and maintain them. ?? 2009 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems and Web Services, GEOWS 2009","conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems and Web Services, GEOWS 2009","conferenceDate":"1 February 2009 through 7 February 2009","conferenceLocation":"Cancun","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/GEOWS.2009.36","isbn":"9780769535272","usgsCitation":"Guthrie, J.D., Dartiguenave, C., and Ries, K., 2009, Web services in the U.S. geological survey streamstats web application, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems and Web Services, GEOWS 2009, Cancun, 1 February 2009 through 7 February 2009, p. 60-63, https://doi.org/10.1109/GEOWS.2009.36.","startPage":"60","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215871,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GEOWS.2009.36"},{"id":243703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfc1e4b08c986b32eab1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guthrie, J. D.","contributorId":85423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guthrie","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dartiguenave, C.","contributorId":68557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartiguenave","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ries, Kernell G. III kries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Kernell G.","suffix":"III","email":"kries@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034740,"text":"70034740 - 2009 - Wildland-urban interface maps vary with purpose and context","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-25T11:51:56.252742","indexId":"70034740","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2297,"text":"Journal of Forestry","onlineIssn":"1938-3746","printIssn":"0022-1201","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildland-urban interface maps vary with purpose and context","docAbstract":"Maps of the wildland-urban interface (WUI) are both policy tools and powerful visual images. Although the growing number of WUI maps serve similar purposes, this article indicates that WUI maps derived from the same data sets can differ in important ways related to their original intended application. We discuss the use of ancillary data in modifying census data to improve WUI maps and offer a cautionary note about this practice. A comparison of two WUI mapping approaches suggests that no single map is \"best\" because users' needs vary. The analysts who create maps are responsible for ensuring that users understand their purpose, data, and methods; map users are responsible for paying attention to these features and using each map accordingly. These considerations should apply to any analysis but are especially important to analyses of the WUI on which policy decisions will be made.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","issn":"00221201","usgsCitation":"Stewart, S.I., Wilmer, B., Hammer, R.B., Aplet, G.H., Hawbaker, T., Miller, C., and Radeloff, V.C., 2009, Wildland-urban interface maps vary with purpose and context: Journal of Forestry, v. 107, no. 2, p. 78-83.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://academic.oup.com/jof/article/107/2/78/4599338"}],"volume":"107","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0d7e4b08c986b32f0bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, S. I.","contributorId":99779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilmer, B.","contributorId":78962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmer","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammer, R. B.","contributorId":77744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aplet, G. H.","contributorId":35150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aplet","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hawbaker, T. J.","contributorId":98118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, C.","contributorId":44114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Radeloff, V. C.","contributorId":58467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radeloff","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034746,"text":"70034746 - 2009 - Legacy effects of colonial millponds on floodplain sedimentation, bank erosion, and channel morphology, MID-Atlantic, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034746","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Legacy effects of colonial millponds on floodplain sedimentation, bank erosion, and channel morphology, MID-Atlantic, USA","docAbstract":"Many rivers and streams of the Mid-Atlantic Region, United States (U.S.) have been altered by postcolonial floodplain sedimentation (legacy sediment) associated with numerous milldams. Little Conestoga Creek, Pennsylvania, a tributary to the Susquehanna River and the Chesapeake Bay, is one of these streams. Floodplain sedimentation rates, bank erosion rates, and channel morphology were measured annually during 2004-2007 at five sites along a 28-km length of Little Conestoga Creek with nine colonial era milldams (one dam was still in place in 2007). This study was part of a larger cooperative effort to quantify floodplain sedimentation, bank erosion, and channel morphology in a high sediment yielding region of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Data from the five sites were used to estimate the annual volume and mass of sediment stored on the floodplain and eroded from the banks for 14 segments along the 28-km length of creek. A bank and floodplain reach based sediment budget (sediment budget) was constructed for the 28 km by summing the net volume of sediment deposited and eroded from each segment. Mean floodplain sedimentation rates for Little Conestoga Creek were variable, with erosion at one upstream site (-5 mm/year) to deposition at the other four sites (highest = 11 mm/year) despite over a meter of floodplain aggradation from postcolonial sedimentation. Mean bank erosion rates range between 29 and 163 mm/year among the five sites. Bank height increased 1 m for every 10.6 m of channel width, from upstream to downstream (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.79, p &lt; 0.0001) resulting in progressively lowered hydraulic connectivity between the channel and the floodplain. Floodplain sedimentation and bank erosion rates also appear to be affected by the proximity of the segments to one existing milldam, which promotes deposition upstream and scouring downstream. The floodplain and bank along the 28-km reach produced a net mean sediment loss of 5,634 Mg/year for 2004-2007, indicating that bank erosion was exceeding floodplain sedimentation. In particular, the three segments between the existing dam and the confluence with the Conestoga River (32% of the studied reach) account for 97% of the measured net sediment budget. Future research directed at understanding channel equilibria should facilitate efforts to reduce the sediment impacts of dam removal and legacy sediment. ?? 2009 American Water Resources Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00308.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Schenk, E., and Hupp, C., 2009, Legacy effects of colonial millponds on floodplain sedimentation, bank erosion, and channel morphology, MID-Atlantic, USA: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 45, no. 3, p. 597-606, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00308.x.","startPage":"597","endPage":"606","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215957,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00308.x"},{"id":243794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a463de4b0c8380cd675da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schenk, E.R.","contributorId":101911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, C.R. 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":78775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034748,"text":"70034748 - 2009 - Sedimentary basin effects in Seattle, Washington: Ground-motion observations and 3D simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-09T13:35:37","indexId":"70034748","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary basin effects in Seattle, Washington: Ground-motion observations and 3D simulations","docAbstract":"Seismograms of local earthquakes recorded in Seattle exhibit surface waves in the Seattle basin and basin-edge focusing of S waves. Spectral ratios of Swaves and later arrivals at 1 Hz for stiff-soil sites in the Seattle basin show a dependence on the direction to the earthquake, with earthquakes to the south and southwest producing higher average amplification. Earthquakes to the southwest typically produce larger basin surface waves relative to S waves than earthquakes to the north and northwest, probably because of the velocity contrast across the Seattle fault along the southern margin of the Seattle basin. S to P conversions are observed for some events and are likely converted at the bottom of the Seattle basin. We model five earthquakes, including the M 6.8 Nisqually earthquake, using 3D finite-difference simulations accurate up to 1 Hz. The simulations reproduce the observed dependence of amplification on the direction to the earthquake. The simulations generally match the timing and character of basin surface waves observed for many events. The 3D simulation for the Nisqually earth-quake produces focusing of S waves along the southern margin of the Seattle basin near the area in west Seattle that experienced increased chimney damage from the earthquake, similar to the results of the higher-frequency 2D simulation reported by Stephenson et al. (2006). Waveforms from the 3D simulations show reasonable agreement with the data at low frequencies (0.2-0.4 Hz) for the Nisqually earthquake and an M 4.8 deep earthquake west of Seattle.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120080203","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A., Stephenson, W., and Carver, D., 2009, Sedimentary basin effects in Seattle, Washington: Ground-motion observations and 3D simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 3, p. 1579-1611, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080203.","startPage":"1579","endPage":"1611","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215986,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080203"},{"id":243825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a12e4b08c986b316fff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, Arthur","contributorId":103761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, William","contributorId":38804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carver, David","contributorId":55867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034766,"text":"70034766 - 2009 - Disease, predation and demography: Assessing the impacts of bovine tuberculosis on African buffalo by monitoring at individual and population levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T14:42:15","indexId":"70034766","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disease, predation and demography: Assessing the impacts of bovine tuberculosis on African buffalo by monitoring at individual and population levels","docAbstract":"<p><strong>Summary</strong><br></p><ul class=\"rlist hanging\"><li>Understanding the effects of disease is critical to determining appropriate management responses, but estimating those effects in wildlife species is challenging. We used bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in the African buffalo&nbsp;<i>Syncerus caffer</i>&nbsp;population of Kruger National Park, South Africa, as a case study to highlight the issues associated with estimating chronic disease effects in a long‐lived host.</li><li><p>We used known and radiocollared buffalo, aerial census data, and a natural gradient in pathogen prevalence to investigate if: (i) at the individual level, BTB infection reduces reproduction; (ii) BTB infection increases vulnerability to predation; and (iii) at the population level, increased BTB prevalence causes reduced population growth.</p></li><li><p>There was only a marginal reduction in calving success associated with BTB infection, as indexed by the probability of sighting a known adult female with or without a calf (<i>P</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0·065).</p></li><li>Since 1991, BTB prevalence increased from 27 to 45% in the southern region and from 4 to 28% in the central region of Kruger National Park. The prevalence in the northern regions was only 1·5% in 1998. Buffalo population growth rates, however, were neither statistically different among regions nor declining over time.<br><br></li><li>Lions&nbsp;<i>Panthera leo</i>&nbsp;did not appear to preferentially kill test‐positive buffalo. The best (Akaike's Information Criterion corrected for small sample size) AIC<i>c</i>&nbsp;model with BTB as a covariate [exp(β)&nbsp;=&nbsp;0·49; 95% CI&nbsp;=&nbsp;(0·24–1·02)] suggested that the mortality hazard for positive individuals was no greater than for test‐negative individuals.<br><br></li><li><i>Synthesis and applications</i>. Test accuracy, time‐varying disease status, and movement among populations are some of the issues that make the detection of chronic disease impacts challenging. For these reasons, the demographic impacts of bovine tuberculosis in the Kruger National Park remain undetectable despite 6 years of study on known individuals and 40 years of population counts. However, the rainfall and forage conditions during this study were relatively good and the impacts of many chronic diseases may be a non‐linear function of environmental conditions such that they are only detectable in stressful periods.</li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01589.x","issn":"00218901","usgsCitation":"Cross, P., Heisey, D., Bowers, J., Hay, C., Wolhuter, J., Buss, P., Hofmeyr, M., Michel, A., Bengis, R.G., Bird, T., du Toit, J., and Getz, W., 2009, Disease, predation and demography: Assessing the impacts of bovine tuberculosis on African buffalo by monitoring at individual and population levels: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 46, no. 2, p. 467-475, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01589.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"475","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476525,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01589.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"South Africa","otherGeospatial":"Kruger National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              31.030883789062496,\n              -22.350075806124853\n            ],\n            [\n              30.8770751953125,\n              -22.776181505086505\n            ],\n            [\n              30.9539794921875,\n              -22.811630707692412\n            ],\n            [\n              30.9320068359375,\n              -23.069624397708267\n            ],\n            [\n              31.019897460937504,\n              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]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0208e4b0c8380cd4fe5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, P.C.","contributorId":48141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heisey, D.M.","contributorId":77496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisey","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowers, J.A.","contributorId":30456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hay, C.T.","contributorId":72913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolhuter, J.","contributorId":26537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolhuter","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Buss, P.","contributorId":97705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buss","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hofmeyr, M.","contributorId":6662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmeyr","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Michel, A.L.","contributorId":69362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bengis, Roy G.","contributorId":29636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bengis","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bird, T.L.F.","contributorId":37981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"T.L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"du Toit, Johan T.","contributorId":86583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Toit","given":"Johan T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Getz, W.M.","contributorId":7669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getz","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70034767,"text":"70034767 - 2009 - The stable carbon isotope biogeochemistry of acetate and other dissolved carbon species in deep subseafloor sediments at the northern Cascadia Margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T14:26:24","indexId":"70034767","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The stable carbon isotope biogeochemistry of acetate and other dissolved carbon species in deep subseafloor sediments at the northern Cascadia Margin","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract svAbstract \" data-etype=\"ab\"><p id=\"\">Ocean drilling has revealed the existence of vast microbial populations in the deep subseafloor, but to date little is known about their metabolic activities. To better understand the biogeochemical processes in the deep biosphere, we investigate the stable carbon isotope chemistry of acetate and other carbon-bearing metabolites in sediment pore-waters. Acetate is a key metabolite in the cycling of carbon in anoxic sediments. Its stable carbon isotopic composition provides information on the metabolic processes dominating acetate turnover in situ. This study reports our findings for a methane-rich site at the northern Cascadia Margin (NE Pacific) where Expedition 311 of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) sampled the upper 190&nbsp;m of sediment. At Site U1329,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C values of acetate span a wide range from −46.0‰ to −11.0‰ vs. VPDB and change systematically with sediment depth. In contrast,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C values of both the bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (−21.6&nbsp;±&nbsp;1.3‰ vs. VPDB) and the low-molecular-weight compound lactate (−20.9&nbsp;±&nbsp;1.8‰ vs. VPDB) show little variability. These species are interpreted to represent the carbon isotopic composition of fermentation products. Relative to DOC, acetate is up to 23.1‰ depleted and up to 9.1‰ enriched in<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C. Broadly,<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C-depletions of acetate relative to DOC indicate flux of carbon from acetogenesis into the acetate pool while<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C-enrichments of pore-water acetate relative to DOC suggest consumption of acetate by acetoclastic methanogenesis. Isotopic relationships between acetate and lactate or DOC provide new information on the carbon flow and the presence and activity of specific functional microbial communities in distinct biogeochemical horizons of the sediment. In particular, they suggest that acetogenic CO<sub>2</sub>-reduction can coexist with methanogenic CO<sub>2</sub>-reduction, a notion contrary to the hypothesis that hydrogen levels are controlled by the thermodynamically most favorable electron-accepting process. Further, the isotopic relationship suggests a relative increase in acetate flow to acetoclastic methanogenesis with depth although its contribution to total methanogenesis is probably small. Our study demonstrates how the stable carbon isotope biogeochemistry of acetate can be used to identify pathways of microbial carbon turnover in subsurface environments. Our observations also raise new questions regarding the factors controlling acetate turnover in marine sediments.</p></div><div id=\"SD_BA1P\" class=\"sgfNoTitleBar sgfNoGadgetBorder svDoNotLink ui-sortable\"><div id=\"SD_BA1P_298231\" class=\"containerApplOver invisible\"><div id=\"maincontremote_iframe_0\" class=\"containerAppDetails \"><br></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2009.03.001","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Heuer, V.B., Pohlman, J., Torres, M.E., Elvert, M., and Hinrichs, K., 2009, The stable carbon isotope biogeochemistry of acetate and other dissolved carbon species in deep subseafloor sediments at the northern Cascadia Margin: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 11, p. 3323-3336, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.03.001.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3323","endPage":"3336","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-012612","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215786,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.03.001"}],"volume":"73","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb062e4b08c986b324e21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heuer, Verena B.","contributorId":140229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heuer","given":"Verena","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13424,"text":"Organic Geochemistry Group, Dept. of Geosciences and MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":447495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pohlman, John W. jpohlman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John W.","email":"jpohlman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torres, Marta E.","contributorId":196035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torres","given":"Marta","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elvert, Marcus","contributorId":196034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elvert","given":"Marcus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe","contributorId":89791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinrichs","given":"Kai-Uwe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034772,"text":"70034772 - 2009 - The effect of bathymetric filtering on nearshore process model results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034772","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1262,"text":"Coastal Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of bathymetric filtering on nearshore process model results","docAbstract":"Nearshore wave and flow model results are shown to exhibit a strong sensitivity to the resolution of the input bathymetry. In this analysis, bathymetric resolution was varied by applying smoothing filters to high-resolution survey data to produce a number of bathymetric grid surfaces. We demonstrate that the sensitivity of model-predicted wave height and flow to variations in bathymetric resolution had different characteristics. Wave height predictions were most sensitive to resolution of cross-shore variability associated with the structure of nearshore sandbars. Flow predictions were most sensitive to the resolution of intermediate scale alongshore variability associated with the prominent sandbar rhythmicity. Flow sensitivity increased in cases where a sandbar was closer to shore and shallower. Perhaps the most surprising implication of these results is that the interpolation and smoothing of bathymetric data could be optimized differently for the wave and flow models. We show that errors between observed and modeled flow and wave heights are well predicted by comparing model simulation results using progressively filtered bathymetry to results from the highest resolution simulation. The damage done by over smoothing or inadequate sampling can therefore be estimated using model simulations. We conclude that the ability to quantify prediction errors will be useful for supporting future data assimilation efforts that require this information.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2008.10.010","issn":"03783839","usgsCitation":"Plant, N., Edwards, K., Kaihatu, J., Veeramony, J., Hsu, L., and Holland, K.T., 2009, The effect of bathymetric filtering on nearshore process model results: Coastal Engineering, v. 56, no. 4, p. 484-493, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2008.10.010.","startPage":"484","endPage":"493","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215843,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2008.10.010"},{"id":243673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab16e4b08c986b322bef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plant, N.G.","contributorId":94023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, K.L.","contributorId":53864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaihatu, J.M.","contributorId":50373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaihatu","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Veeramony, J.","contributorId":82152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veeramony","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hsu, L.","contributorId":79727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsu","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holland, K. T.","contributorId":61013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034806,"text":"70034806 - 2009 - New light on a dark subject: On the use of fluorescence data to deduce redox states of natural organic matter (NOM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T14:07:31","indexId":"70034806","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":873,"text":"Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New light on a dark subject: On the use of fluorescence data to deduce redox states of natural organic matter (NOM)","docAbstract":"This paper reports the use of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEMS), parallel factor statistical analysis (PARAFAC), and oxidation-reduction experiments to examine the effect of redox conditions on PARAFAC model results for aqueous samples rich in natural organic matter. Fifty-four aqueous samples from 11 different geographic locations and two plant extracts were analyzed untreated and after chemical treatments or irradiation were used in attempts to change the redox status of the natural organic matter. The EEMS spectra were generated and modeled using a PARAFAC package developed by Cory and McKnight (2005). The PARAFAC model output was examined for consistency with previously reported relations and with changes expected to occur upon experimental oxidation and reduction of aqueous samples. Results indicate the implied fraction of total sample fluorescence attributed to quinone-like moieties was consistent (0.64 to 0.78) and greater than that observed by Cory and McKnight (2005). The fraction of the quinone-like moieties that was reduced (the reducing index, RI) showed relatively little variation (0.46 to 0.71) despite attempts to alter the redox status of the natural organic matter. The RI changed little after reducing samples using zinc metal, oxidizing at high pH with air, or irradiating with a Xenon lamp. Our results, however, are consistent with the correlations between the fluorescence indices (FI) of samples and the ratio of PARAFAC fitting parameters suggested by Cory and McKnight (2005), though we used samples with a much narrower range of FI values.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00027-009-9174-6","issn":"10151621","usgsCitation":"Macalady, D.L., and Walton-Day, K., 2009, New light on a dark subject: On the use of fluorescence data to deduce redox states of natural organic matter (NOM): Aquatic Sciences, v. 71, no. 2, p. 135-143, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-009-9174-6.","startPage":"135","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00027-009-9174-6"},{"id":243709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65e1e4b0c8380cd72c80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macalady, Donald L.","contributorId":62049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macalady","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034808,"text":"70034808 - 2009 - Assessment tools for urban catchments: developing biological indicators based on benthic macroinvertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T16:26:43","indexId":"70034808","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment tools for urban catchments: developing biological indicators based on benthic macroinvertebrates","docAbstract":"Biological indicators, particularly benthic macroinvertebrates, are widely used and effective measures of the impact of urbanization on stream ecosystems. A multimetric biological index of urbanization was developed using a large benthic macroinvertebrate dataset (n = 1,835) from the Baltimore, Maryland, metropolitan area and then validated with datasets from Cleveland, Ohio (n = 79); San Jose, California (n = 85); and a different subset of the Baltimore data (n = 85). The biological metrics used to develop the multimetric index were selected using several criteria and were required to represent ecological attributes of macroinvertebrate assemblages including taxonomic composition and richness (number of taxa in the insect orders of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera), functional feeding group (number of taxa designated as filterers), and habit (percent of individuals which cling to the substrate). Quantile regression was used to select metrics and characterize the relationship between the final biological index and an urban gradient (composed of population density, road density, and urban land use). Although more complex biological indices exist, this simplified multimetric index showed a consistent relationship between biological indicators and urban conditions (as measured by quantile regression) in three climatic regions of the United States and can serve as an assessment tool for environmental managers to prioritize urban stream sites for restoration and protection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00279.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Purcell, A., Bressler, D., Paul, M., Barbour, M., Rankin, E., Carter, J., and Resh, V., 2009, Assessment tools for urban catchments: developing biological indicators based on benthic macroinvertebrates: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 45, no. 2, p. 306-319, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00279.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"306","endPage":"319","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215902,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00279.x"},{"id":243738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee88e4b0c8380cd49dda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purcell, A.H.","contributorId":47191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bressler, D.W.","contributorId":17064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bressler","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paul, M.J.","contributorId":71300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barbour, M.T.","contributorId":98971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbour","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rankin, E.T.","contributorId":60043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carter, J.L.","contributorId":26030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Resh, V.H.","contributorId":64876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Resh","given":"V.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034824,"text":"70034824 - 2009 - Shallow seismic structure of Kunlun fault zone in northern Tibetan Plateau, China: Implications for the 2001 M s8.1 Kunlun earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-04T15:27:01.682951","indexId":"70034824","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow seismic structure of Kunlun fault zone in northern Tibetan Plateau, China: Implications for the 2001 M s8.1 Kunlun earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>The shallow seismic velocity structure of the Kunlun fault zone (KLFZ) was jointly deduced from seismic refraction profiling and the records of trapped waves that were excited by five explosions. The data were collected after the 2001 Kunlun&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>s8.1 earthquake in the northern Tibetan Plateau. Seismic phases for the in-line record sections (26 records up to a distance of 15 km) along the fault zone were analysed, and 1-D&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>- and&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>-wave velocity models of shallow crust within the fault zone were determined by using the seismic refraction method. Sixteen seismic stations were deployed along the off-line profile perpendicular to the fault zone. Fault-zone trapped waves appear clearly on the record sections, which were simulated with a 3-D finite difference algorithm. Quantitative analysis of the correlation coefficients of the synthetic and observed trapped waveforms indicates that the Kunlun fault-zone width is 300 m, and&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>-wave quality factor&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;within the fault zone is 15. Significantly,&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>-wave velocities within the fault zone are reduced by 30–45 per cent from surrounding rocks to a depth of at least 1–2 km, while&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>-wave velocities are reduced by 7–20 per cent. A fault-zone with such&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>- and&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>-low velocities is an indication of high fluid pressure because&nbsp;</span><i>Vs</i><span>&nbsp;is affected more than&nbsp;</span><i>Vp</i><span>. The low-velocity and low-</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;zone in the KLFZ model is the effect of multiple ruptures along the fault trace of the 2001&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>s8.1 Kunlun earthquake.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04049.x","issn":"","usgsCitation":"Wang, C., Mooney, W.D., Ding, Z., Yang, J., Yao, Z., and Lou, H., 2009, Shallow seismic structure of Kunlun fault zone in northern Tibetan Plateau, China: Implications for the 2001 M s8.1 Kunlun earthquake: Geophysical Journal International, v. 177, no. 3, p. 978-1000, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04049.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"978","endPage":"1000","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476300,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04049.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Tibetan Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              79.716796875,\n              27.293689224852407\n            ],\n            [\n              109.8193359375,\n              27.293689224852407\n            ],\n            [\n              109.8193359375,\n              37.996162679728116\n            ],\n            [\n              79.716796875,\n              37.996162679728116\n            ],\n            [\n              79.716796875,\n              27.293689224852407\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"177","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e38e4b08c986b3187d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Chun-Yong","contributorId":98893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Chun-Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ding, Z.","contributorId":51045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ding","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, J.","contributorId":60780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yao, Z.","contributorId":64057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yao","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lou, H.","contributorId":13009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lou","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034825,"text":"70034825 - 2009 - Unique problems associated with seismic analysis of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034825","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unique problems associated with seismic analysis of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments","docAbstract":"Gas hydrate stability conditions restrict the occurrence of gas hydrate to unconsolidated and high water-content sediments at shallow depths. Because of these host sediments properties, seismic and well log data acquired for the detection of free gas and associated gas hydrate-bearing sediments often require nonconventional analysis. For example, a conventional method of identifying free gas using the compressional/shear-wave velocity (V<sub>p</sub>/V<sub>s</sub>) ratio at the logging frequency will not work, unless the free-gas saturations are more than about 40%. The P-wave velocity dispersion of partially gas-saturated sediments causes a problem in interpreting well log velocities and seismic data. Using the White, J.E. [1975. Computed seismic speeds and attenuation in rocks with partial gas saturation. Geophysics 40, 224-232] model for partially gas-saturated sediments, the difference between well log and seismic velocities can be reconciled. The inclusion of P-wave velocity dispersion in interpreting well log data is, therefore, essential to identify free gas and to tie surface seismic data to synthetic seismograms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.07.009","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., and Collett, T.S., 2009, Unique problems associated with seismic analysis of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 26, no. 6, p. 775-781, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.07.009.","startPage":"775","endPage":"781","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215673,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.07.009"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc87e4b08c986b328cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034826,"text":"70034826 - 2009 - Assessment of planetary geologic mapping techniques for Mars using terrestrial analogs: The SP Mountain area of the San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T08:43:36","indexId":"70034826","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of planetary geologic mapping techniques for Mars using terrestrial analogs: The SP Mountain area of the San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona","docAbstract":"We photogeologically mapped the SP Mountain region of the San Francisco Volcanic Field in northern Arizona, USA to evaluate and improve the fidelity of approaches used in geologic mapping of Mars. This test site, which was previously mapped in the field, is chiefly composed of Late Cenozoic cinder cones, lava flows, and alluvium perched on Permian limestone of the Kaibab Formation. Faulting and folding has deformed the older rocks and some of the volcanic materials, and fluvial erosion has carved drainage systems and deposited alluvium. These geologic materials and their formational and modificational histories are similar to those for regions of the Martian surface. We independently prepared four geologic maps using topographic and image data at resolutions that mimic those that are commonly used to map the geology of Mars (where consideration was included for the fact that Martian features such as lava flows are commonly much larger than their terrestrial counterparts). We primarily based our map units and stratigraphic relations on geomorphology, color contrasts, and cross-cutting relationships. Afterward, we compared our results with previously published field-based mapping results, including detailed analyses of the stratigraphy and of the spatial overlap and proximity of the field-based vs. remote-based (photogeologic) map units, contacts, and structures. Results of these analyses provide insights into how to optimize the photogeologic mapping of Mars (and, by extension, other remotely observed planetary surfaces). We recommend the following: (1) photogeologic mapping as an excellent approach to recovering the general geology of a region, along with examination of local, high-resolution datasets to gain insights into the complexity of the geology at outcrop scales; (2) delineating volcanic vents and lava-flow sequences conservatively and understanding that flow abutment and flow overlap are difficult to distinguish in remote data sets; (3) taking care to understand that surficial materials (such as alluvium and volcanic ash deposits) are likely to be under-mapped yet are important because they obscure underlying units and contacts; (4) where possible, mapping multiple contact and structure types based on their varying certainty and exposure that reflect the perceived accuracy of the linework; (5) reviewing the regional context and searching for evidence of geologic activity that may have affected the map area yet for which evidence within the map area may be absent; and (6) for multi-authored maps, collectively analyzing the mapping relations, approaches, and methods throughout the duration of the mapping project with the objective of achieving a solid, harmonious product.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2008.06.012","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., Skinner, J., Crumpler, L.S., and Dohm, J.M., 2009, Assessment of planetary geologic mapping techniques for Mars using terrestrial analogs: The SP Mountain area of the San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona: Planetary and Space Science, v. 57, no. 5-6, p. 510-532, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2008.06.012.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"510","endPage":"532","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Volcanic Field","volume":"57","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee48e4b0c8380cd49c8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skinner, James A. 0000-0002-3644-7010 jskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-7010","contributorId":3187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"James A.","email":"jskinner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crumpler, Larry S.","contributorId":196268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crumpler","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dohm, James M.","contributorId":83610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034827,"text":"70034827 - 2009 - Using nitrate to quantify quick flow in a karst aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034827","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using nitrate to quantify quick flow in a karst aquifer","docAbstract":"In karst aquifers, contaminated recharge can degrade spring water quality, but quantifying the rapid recharge (quick flow) component of spring flow is challenging because of its temporal variability. Here, we investigate the use of nitrate in a two-endmember mixing model to quantify quick flow in Barton Springs, Austin, Texas. Historical nitrate data from recharging creeks and Barton Springs were evaluated to determine a representative nitrate concentration for the aquifer water endmember (1.5 mg/L) and the quick flow endmember (0.17 mg/L for nonstormflow conditions and 0.25 mg/L for stormflow conditions). Under nonstormflow conditions for 1990 to 2005, model results indicated that quick flow contributed from 0% to 55% of spring flow. The nitrate-based two-endmember model was applied to the response of Barton Springs to a storm and results compared to those produced using the same model with ??<sup>18</sup>O and specific conductance (SC) as tracers. Additionally, the mixing model was modified to allow endmember quick flow values to vary over time. Of the three tracers, nitrate appears to be the most advantageous because it is conservative and because the difference between the concentrations in the two endmembers is large relative to their variance. The ??<sup>18</sup>O- based model was very sensitive to variability within the quick flow endmember, and SC was not conservative over the timescale of the storm response. We conclude that a nitrate-based two-endmember mixing model might provide a useful approach for quantifying the temporally variable quick flow component of spring flow in some karst systems. ?? 2008 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00499.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., and Garner, B., 2009, Using nitrate to quantify quick flow in a karst aquifer: Ground Water, v. 47, no. 3, p. 350-360, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00499.x.","startPage":"350","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215731,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00499.x"},{"id":243554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc081e4b08c986b32a16e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, B.D.","contributorId":25379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034828,"text":"70034828 - 2009 - Climatic effects of 30 years of landscape change over the Greater Phoenix, Arizona, region: 1. Surface energy budget changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034828","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic effects of 30 years of landscape change over the Greater Phoenix, Arizona, region: 1. Surface energy budget changes","docAbstract":"This paper is part 1 of a two-part study that evaluates the climatic effects of recent landscape change for one of the nation's most rapidly expanding metropolitan complexes, the Greater Phoenix, Arizona, region. The region's landscape evolution over an approximate 30-year period since the early 1970s is documented on the basis of analyses of Landsat images and land use/land cover (LULC) data sets derived from aerial photography (1973) and Landsat (1992 and 2001). High-resolution, Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), simulations (2-km grid spacing) are used in conjunction with consistently defined land cover data sets and associated biophysical parameters for the circa 1973, circa 1992, and circa 2001 time periods to quantify the impacts of intensive land use changes on the July surface temperatures and the surface radiation and energy budgets for the Greater Phoenix region. The main findings are as follows: since the early 1970s the region's landscape has been altered by a significant increase in urban/suburban land area, primarily at the expense of decreasing plots of irrigated agriculture and secondarily by the conversion of seminatural shrubland. Mean regional temperatures for the circa 2001 landscape were 0.12??C warmer than the circa 1973 landscape, with maximum temperature differences, located over regions of greatest urbanization, in excess of 1??C. The significant reduction in irrigated agriculture, for the circa 2001 relative to the circa 1973 landscape, resulted in dew point temperature decreases in excess of 1??C. The effect of distinct land use conversion themes (e.g., conversion from irrigated agriculture to urban land) was also examined to evaluate how the most important conversion themes have each contributed to the region's changing climate. The two urbanization themes studied (from an initial landscape of irrigated agriculture and seminatural shrubland) have the greatest positive effect on near-surface temperature, increasing maximum daily temperatures by 1??C. Overall, sensible heat flux differences between the circa 2001 and circa 1973 landscapes result in a 1 W m<sup>-2</sup> increase in domain-wide sensible heating, and a similar order of magnitude decrease in latent heating, highlighting the importance of surface repartitioning in establishing near-surface temperature trends. In part 2 of this study, we address the role of the surface budget changes on the mesoscale dynamics/thermodynamics, in context of the large-scale environment. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JD010745","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Georgescu, M., Miguez-Macho, G., Steyaert, L.T., and Weaver, C., 2009, Climatic effects of 30 years of landscape change over the Greater Phoenix, Arizona, region: 1. Surface energy budget changes: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 114, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010745.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476513,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd010745","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215760,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010745"},{"id":243583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f664e4b0c8380cd4c72c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Georgescu, M.","contributorId":98541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgescu","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miguez-Macho, G.","contributorId":32354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miguez-Macho","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steyaert, L. T.","contributorId":71303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weaver, C.P.","contributorId":70602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034831,"text":"70034831 - 2009 - Web-client based distributed generalization and geoprocessing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034831","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Web-client based distributed generalization and geoprocessing","docAbstract":"Generalization and geoprocessing operations on geospatial information were once the domain of complex software running on high-performance workstations. Currently, these computationally intensive processes are the domain of desktop applications. Recent efforts have been made to move geoprocessing operations server-side in a distributed, web accessible environment. This paper initiates research into portable client-side generalization and geoprocessing operations as part of a larger effort in user-centered design for the US Geological Survey's The National Map. An implementation of the Ramer-Douglas-Peucker (RDP) line simplification algorithm was created in the open source OpenLayers geoweb client. This algorithm implementation was benchmarked using differing data structures and browser platforms. The implementation and results of the benchmarks are discussed in the general context of client-side geoprocessing. (Abstract).","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems and Web Services, GEOWS 2009","conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems and Web Services, GEOWS 2009","conferenceDate":"1 February 2009 through 7 February 2009","conferenceLocation":"Cancun","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/GEOWS.2009.32","isbn":"9780769535272","usgsCitation":"Wolf, E., and Howe, K., 2009, Web-client based distributed generalization and geoprocessing, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems and Web Services, GEOWS 2009, Cancun, 1 February 2009 through 7 February 2009, p. 123-128, https://doi.org/10.1109/GEOWS.2009.32.","startPage":"123","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215816,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GEOWS.2009.32"},{"id":243642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfc5e4b08c986b32eaca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, E.B.","contributorId":62429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howe, K.","contributorId":41238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034835,"text":"70034835 - 2009 - Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T13:09:15","indexId":"70034835","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors","docAbstract":"This paper provides a summary of the current equations and rescaling factors for converting calibrated Digital Numbers (DNs) to absolute units of at-sensor spectral radiance, Top-Of-Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance, and at-sensor brightness temperature. It tabulates the necessary constants for the Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), and Advanced Land Imager (ALI) sensors. These conversions provide a basis for standardized comparison of data in a single scene or between images acquired on different dates or by different sensors. This paper forms a needed guide for Landsat data users who now have access to the entire Landsat archive at no cost.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.007","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., Markham, B.L., and Helder, D., 2009, Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 5, p. 893-903, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.007.","startPage":"893","endPage":"903","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476320,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090027884","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215876,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.007"},{"id":243710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9e5be4b08c986b31de47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markham, B. L.","contributorId":88872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helder, D. L. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":51496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034837,"text":"70034837 - 2009 - Using nitrogen stable isotopes to detect longdistance movement in a threatened cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034837","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using nitrogen stable isotopes to detect longdistance movement in a threatened cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah)","docAbstract":"Interior cutthroat trout occupy small fractions of their historic ranges and existing populations often are relegated to headwater habitats. Conservation requires balancing protection for isolated genetically pure populations with restoration of migratory life histories by reconnecting corridors between headwater and mainstem habitats. Identification of alternative life history strategies within a population is critical to these efforts. We tested the application of nitrogen stable isotopes to discern fluvial from resident Bonneville cutthroat trout (BCT; Oncorhynchus clarkii utah) in a headwater stream. Fluvial BCT migrate from headwater streams with good water quality to mainstem habitats with impaired water quality. Resident BCT remain in headwater streams. We tested two predictions: (i) fluvial BCT have a higher ??<sup>15</sup>N than residents, and (ii) fluvial BCT ??<sup>15</sup>N reflects diet and ??<sup>15</sup>N enrichment characteristics of mainstem habitats. We found that fluvial ??<sup>15</sup>N was greater than resident ??<sup>15</sup>N and that ??<sup>15</sup>N was a better predictor of life history than fish size. Our data also showed that fluvial and resident BCT had high diet overlap in headwater sites and that ??<sup>15</sup>N of lower trophic levels was greater in mainstem sites than in headwater sites. We conclude that the high ??<sup>15</sup>N values of fluvial BCT were acquired in mainstem sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F09-020","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, A., Colyer, W., Lowe, W., and Vinson, M., 2009, Using nitrogen stable isotopes to detect longdistance movement in a threatened cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 66, no. 4, p. 672-682, https://doi.org/10.1139/F09-020.","startPage":"672","endPage":"682","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215932,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F09-020"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc082e4b08c986b32a174","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, A.J.","contributorId":60044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colyer, W.T.","contributorId":104451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colyer","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowe, W.H.","contributorId":91961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vinson, M.R.","contributorId":44755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034851,"text":"70034851 - 2009 - Uptake rate constants and partition coefficients for vapor phase organic chemicals using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034851","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uptake rate constants and partition coefficients for vapor phase organic chemicals using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs)","docAbstract":"To fully utilize semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive samplers in air monitoring, data are required to accurately estimate airborne concentrations of environmental contaminants. Limited uptake rate constants (k<sub>ua</sub>) and no SPMD air partitioning coefficient (K<sub>sa</sub>) existed for vapor-phase contaminants. This research was conducted to expand the existing body of kinetic data for SPMD air sampling by determining k<sub>ua</sub> and K<sub>sa</sub> for a number of airborne contaminants including the chemical classes: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, brominated diphenyl ethers, phthalate esters, synthetic pyrethroids, and organophosphate/organosulfur pesticides. The k<sub>ua</sub>s were obtained for 48 of 50 chemicals investigated and ranged from 0.03 to 3.07??m<sup>3</sup>??g<sup>-1</sup>??d<sup>-1</sup>. In cases where uptake was approaching equilibrium, K<sub>sa</sub>s were approximated. K<sub>sa</sub> values (no units) were determined or estimated for 48 of the chemicals investigated and ranging from 3.84E+5 to 7.34E+7. This research utilized a test system (United States Patent 6,877,724 B1) which afforded the capability to generate and maintain constant concentrations of vapor-phase chemical mixtures. The test system and experimental design employed gave reproducible results during experimental runs spanning more than two years. This reproducibility was shown by obtaining mean k<sub>ua</sub> values (n??=??3) of anthracene and p,p???-DDE at 0.96 and 1.57??m<sup>3</sup>??g<sup>-1</sup>??d<sup>-1</sup> with relative standard deviations of 8.4% and 8.6% respectively.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.043","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Cranor, W., Alvarez, D., Huckins, J., and Petty, J.D., 2009, Uptake rate constants and partition coefficients for vapor phase organic chemicals using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs): Atmospheric Environment, v. 43, no. 20, p. 3211-3219, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.043.","startPage":"3211","endPage":"3219","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215674,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.043"}],"volume":"43","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd79e4b08c986b32904e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cranor, W.L.","contributorId":98261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranor","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alvarez, D.A.","contributorId":39481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034865,"text":"70034865 - 2009 - Thorium abundances on the Aristarchus plateau: Insights into the composition of the Aristarchus pyroclastic glass deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T13:54:33.027568","indexId":"70034865","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thorium abundances on the Aristarchus plateau: Insights into the composition of the Aristarchus pyroclastic glass deposits","docAbstract":"<p><span>Thorium (Th) data from the Lunar Prospector gamma ray spectrometer (LP‐GRS) are used to constrain the composition of lunar pyroclastic glass deposits on top of the Aristarchus plateau. Our goal is to use forward modeling of LP‐GRS Th data to measure the Th abundances on the plateau and then to determine if the elevated Th abundances on the plateau are associated with the pyroclastic deposits or with thorium‐rich ejecta from Aristarchus crater. We use a variety of remote sensing data to show that there is a large, homogenous portion of the pyroclastics on the plateau that has seen little or no contamination from the Th‐rich ejecta of Aristarchus crater. Our results show that the uncontaminated pyroclastic glasses on Aristarchus plateau have an average Th content of 6.7 ppm and ∼7 wt % TiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. These Th and Ti values are consistent with Th‐rich, intermediate‐Ti yellow glasses from the lunar sample suite. On the basis of this information, we use petrologic equations and interelement correlations for the Moon to estimate the composition of the source region from which the Aristarchus glasses were derived. We find that the source region for the Aristarchus glasses contained high abundances of heat‐producing elements, which most likely served as a thermal driver for the prolonged volcanic activity in this region of the Moon.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JE003262","usgsCitation":"Hagerty, J., Lawrence, D.J., Hawke, B.R., and Gaddis, L.R., 2009, Thorium abundances on the Aristarchus plateau: Insights into the composition of the Aristarchus pyroclastic glass deposits: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 114, no. E4, E04002; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JE003262.","productDescription":"E04002; 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"114","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb2e3e4b08c986b325a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagerty, Justin 0000-0003-3800-7948 jhagerty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-7948","contributorId":911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagerty","given":"Justin","email":"jhagerty@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, D. J.","contributorId":84952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawke, B. R.","contributorId":59591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawke","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}