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Stream temperatures were simulated using the CE‐QUAL‐W2 water quality model over a 110 km model grid, with the presence or absence of a dam at the top of the reach and pumping in the lower 60 km of the reach. Measured meteorological data from three representative locations were used as model input to simulate the impact of varying climate conditions on streamflow and stream temperature. For each climate condition four hypothetical streamflow scenarios were modeled: (1) natural (no dam or pumping), (2) large upstream dam present, (3) dam with in‐reach pumping, and (4) no dam with pumping, resulting in 12 cases. Dam removal, in the presence or absence of pumping, resulted in significant changes in stream temperature throughout the year for all three climate conditions. From March to August, the presence of a dam caused monthly mean stream temperatures to decrease on average by approximately 3.0°C, 2.5°C, and 2.0°C for the humid, semiarid, and arid conditions, respectively; however, stream temperatures generally increased from September to February. Pumping caused stream temperatures to warm in summer and cool in winter by generally less than 0.5°C because of a smaller pumping‐induced alteration in streamflow relative to the dam. Though the presence or absence of a large dam led to greater changes in stream temperature than the presence or absence of pumping, ephemeral conditions were increased both temporally and spatially because of pumping.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009WR008587","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., Constantz, J., Essaid, H.I., and Rounds, S.A., 2010, Effects of upstream dams versus groundwater pumping on stream temperature under varying climate conditions: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. 6, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008587.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009wr008587","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c6d3e4b034bf6a7f4918","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Essaid, Hedeff I. 0000-0003-0154-8628 hiessaid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8628","contributorId":2284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"Hedeff","email":"hiessaid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98473,"text":"sir20095272 - 2010 - Indicators of streamflow alteration, habitat fragmentation, impervious cover, and water quality for Massachusetts stream basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:29:19","indexId":"sir20095272","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5272","title":"Indicators of streamflow alteration, habitat fragmentation, impervious cover, and water quality for Massachusetts stream basins","docAbstract":"Massachusetts streams and stream basins have been subjected to a wide variety of human alterations since colonial times. These alterations include water withdrawals, treated wastewater discharges, construction of onsite septic systems and dams, forest clearing, and urbanization—all of which have the potential to affect streamflow regimes, water quality, and habitat integrity for fish and other aquatic biota. Indicators were developed to characterize these types of potential alteration for subbasins and groundwater contributing areas in Massachusetts.\n\nThe potential alteration of streamflow by the combined effects of withdrawals and discharges was assessed under two water-use scenarios. Water-use scenario 1 incorporated publicly reported groundwater withdrawals and discharges, direct withdrawals from and discharges to streams, and estimated domestic-well withdrawals and septic-system discharges. Surface-water-reservoir withdrawals were excluded from this scenario. Water-use scenario 2 incorporated all the types of withdrawal and discharge included in scenario 1 as well as withdrawals from surface-water reservoirs—all on a long-term, mean annual basis. All withdrawal and discharge data were previously reported to the State for the 2000–2004 period, except domestic-well withdrawals and septic-system discharges, which were estimated for this study.\n\nThe majority of the state’s subbasins and groundwater contributing areas were estimated to have relatively minor (less than 10 percent) alteration of streamflow under water-use scenario 1 (seasonally varying water use; no surface-water-reservoir withdrawals). However, about 12 percent of subbasins and groundwater contributing areas were estimated to have extensive alteration of streamflows (greater than 40 percent) in August; most of these basins were concentrated in the outer metropolitan Boston region. Potential surcharging of streamflow in August was most commonly indicated for main-stem river subbasins, although surcharging was also indicated for some smaller tributary subbasins. In the high-flow month of April, only 4.8 percent of subbasins and groundwater contributing areas had more than 10 percent potential flow alteration. A majority of the state’s subbasins and groundwater contributing areas were also indicated to have relatively minor alteration of streamflow under water-use scenario 2 (long-term average water use, including surface-water-reservoir withdrawals). Extensive alteration of mean annual flows was estimated for about 6 percent of the state’s subbasins and groundwater contributing areas. The majority of subbasins estimated to have extensive long-term flow alteration contained reservoirs that were specifically designed, constructed, and managed to supply drinking water to cities. Only a small number of subbasins and groundwater contributing areas (1 percent) were extensively surcharged on a long-term, mean annual basis. Because site-specific data concerning surface-water-reservoir storage dynamics and management practices are not available statewide, the seasonal effects of surface-water-reservoir withdrawals on downstream flows could not be assessed in this study.\n\nThe impounded storage ratio (volume of impounded subbasin or groundwater-contributing-area storage divided by mean annual predevelopment outflow from the subbasin or contributing area, in units of days) indicates the potential for alteration of streamflow, sediment-transport, and temperature regimes by dams, independent of water use. Storage ratios were less than 1 day for 33 percent of the subbasins and groundwater contributing areas, greater than 1 month for about 40 percent of the cases, and greater than 1 year for 3.2 percent of the cases statewide. Dam density, an indicator of stream-habitat fragmentation by dams, averaged 1 dam for every 6.7 stream miles statewide. Many of these dams are not presently (2009) being managed. The highest dam densities were in portions of Worcester County and in the Plymouth-Carver region, respectively, reflecting the historical reliance of Massachusetts industry upon water power and agricultural water-management practices in southeastern Massachusetts.\n\nImpervious cover is a frequently used indicator of urban land use. About 33 percent of the state’s 1,429 subbasins and groundwater contributing areas are relatively undeveloped at the local scale, with a local impervious cover of less than 4 percent. About 18 percent of Massachusetts subbasins and contributing areas are highly developed, with a local impervious cover greater than 16 percent. The remaining 49 percent of subbasins and contributing areas have levels of urban development between these extremes (4 to 16 percent local impervious cover). Cumulative impervious cover, defined for the entire upstream area encompassed by each subbasin, shows a smaller range (0 to 55 percent) than local impervious cover. Both local and cumulative impervious cover were highest in metropolitan Boston and other urban centers. High elevated impervious-cover values were also found along major transportation corridors.\n\nThe water-quality status of Massachusetts streams is assessed periodically by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection pursuant to the requirements of the Federal Clean Water Act. Streams selected for assessment are commonly located in larger subbasins where some degree of impairment is expected. In the 72 percent of the state’s subbasins and groundwater contributing areas with assessed streams in 2002, more than 50 percent of the assessed stream miles were considered impaired. All of the assessed stream miles were considered impaired in 66 percent of the subbasins and groundwater contributing areas with assessed streams. Large streams, such as the main stems of rivers that make up most of the assessed stream miles, also are in many cases the receiving waters for treated wastewater discharges and for this reason may be more susceptible to water-quality impairments than smaller streams. Subbasins and contributing areas with large fractions of assessed stream miles that are listed as impaired are distributed across the state, but are more prevalent in eastern Massachusetts.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095272","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with theMassachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation","usgsCitation":"Weiskel, P.K., Brandt, S.L., DeSimone, L., Ostiguy, L., and Archfield, S.A., 2010, Indicators of streamflow alteration, habitat fragmentation, impervious cover, and water quality for Massachusetts stream basins (Originally posted June 2010; Revised September 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5272, Pamphlet: x, 70 p.; CD-ROM; 2 Appendixes; GIS Map, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095272.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: x, 70 p.; CD-ROM; 2 Appendixes; GIS Map","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5272.jpg"},{"id":14594,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5272/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":269713,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5272/pdf/sir2009-5272_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.51,41.24 ], [ -73.51,42.89 ], [ -69.93,42.89 ], [ -69.93,41.24 ], [ -73.51,41.24 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted June 2010; Revised September 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiskel, Peter K. pweiskel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskel","given":"Peter","email":"pweiskel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, Sara L.","contributorId":89240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":176711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie A.","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ostiguy, Lance J. lostiguy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostiguy","given":"Lance J.","email":"lostiguy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98469,"text":"ofr20091231 - 2010 - Integrated Multibeam and LIDAR Bathymetry Data Offshore of New London and Niantic, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:51","indexId":"ofr20091231","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1231","title":"Integrated Multibeam and LIDAR Bathymetry Data Offshore of New London and Niantic, Connecticut","docAbstract":"Nearshore areas within Long Island Sound are of great interest to the Connecticut and New York research and resource management communities because of their ecological, recreational, and commercial importance. Although advances in multibeam echosounder technology permit the construction of high-resolution representations of sea-floor topography in deeper waters, limitations inherent in collecting fixed-angle multibeam data make using this technology in shallower waters (less than 10 meters deep) difficult and expensive. These limitations have often resulted in data gaps between areas for which multibeam bathymetric datasets are available and the adjacent shoreline. \r\n\r\nTo address this problem, the geospatial data sets released in this report seamlessly integrate complete-coverage multibeam bathymetric data acquired off New London and Niantic Bay, Connecticut, with hydrographic Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data acquired along the nearshore. The result is a more continuous sea floor representation and a much smaller gap between the digital bathymetric data and the shoreline than previously available. These data sets are provided online and on CD-ROM in Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) raster-grid and GeoTIFF formats in order to facilitate access, compatibility, and utility.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091231","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Danforth, W.W., McMullen, K., Parker, C.E., Lewit, P., and Doran, E.F., 2010, Integrated Multibeam and LIDAR Bathymetry Data Offshore of New London and Niantic, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1231,   , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091231.","productDescription":"  ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1231.jpg"},{"id":13753,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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W.","contributorId":16386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMullen, K.Y.","contributorId":51857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"K.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, Castle E.","contributorId":28684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Castle","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":305423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewit, P.G.","contributorId":76028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewit","given":"P.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doran, E. F.","contributorId":31066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":98468,"text":"sir20105019 - 2010 - Land-Use Analysis and Simulated Effects of Land-Use Change and Aggregate Mining on Groundwater Flow in the South Platte River Valley, Brighton to Fort Lupton, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:51","indexId":"sir20105019","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5019","title":"Land-Use Analysis and Simulated Effects of Land-Use Change and Aggregate Mining on Groundwater Flow in the South Platte River Valley, Brighton to Fort Lupton, Colorado","docAbstract":"Land use in the South Platte River valley between the cities of Brighton and Fort Lupton, Colo., is undergoing change as urban areas expand, and the extent of aggregate mining in the Brighton-Fort Lupton area is increasing as the demand for aggregate grows in response to urban development. To improve understanding of land-use change and the potential effects of land-use change and aggregate mining on groundwater flow, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the cities of Brighton and Fort Lupton, analyzed socioeconomic and land-use trends and constructed a numerical groundwater flow model of the South Platte alluvial aquifer in the Brighton-Fort Lupton area. The numerical groundwater flow model was used to simulate (1) steady-state hydrologic effects of predicted land-use conditions in 2020 and 2040, (2) transient cumulative hydrologic effects of the potential extent of reclaimed aggregate pits in 2020 and 2040, (3) transient hydrologic effects of actively dewatered aggregate pits, and (4) effects of different hypothetical pit spacings and configurations on groundwater levels. The SLEUTH (Slope, Land cover, Exclusion, Urbanization, Transportation, and Hillshade) urban-growth modeling program was used to predict the extent of urban area in 2020 and 2040. Wetlands in the Brighton-Fort Lupton area were mapped as part of the study, and mapped wetland locations and areas of riparian herbaceous vegetation previously mapped by the Colorado Division of Wildlife were compared to simulation results to indicate areas where wetlands or riparian herbaceous vegetation might be affected by groundwater-level changes resulting from land-use change or aggregate mining. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of land-use conditions in 1957, 1977, and 2000 indicated that the general distribution of irrigated land and non-irrigated land remained similar from 1957 to 2000, but both land uses decreased as urban area increased. Urban area increased about 165 percent from 1957 to 1977 and about 56 percent from 1977 to 2000 with most urban growth occurring east of Brighton and Fort Lupton and along major transportation corridors. Land-use conditions in 2020 and 2040 predicted by the SLEUTH modeling program indicated urban growth will continue to develop primarily east of Brighton and Fort Lupton and along major transportation routes, but substantial urban growth also is predicted south and west of Brighton. \r\n\r\nSteady-state simulations of the hydrologic effects of predicted land-use conditions in 2020 and 2040 indicated groundwater levels declined less than 2 feet relative to simulated groundwater levels in 2000. Groundwater levels declined most where irrigated land was converted to urban area and least where non-irrigated land was converted to urban area. Simulated groundwater-level declines resulting from land-use conditions in 2020 and 2040 are not predicted to substantially affect wetlands or riparian herbaceous vegetation in the study area because the declines are small and wetlands and riparian herbaceous vegetation generally are not located where simulated declines occur. \r\n\r\nSee Report PDF for unabridged abstract. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Fort Lupton and the City of Brighton","usgsCitation":"Arnold, L.R., Mladinich, C., Langer, W.H., and Daniels, J., 2010, Land-Use Analysis and Simulated Effects of Land-Use Change and Aggregate Mining on Groundwater Flow in the South Platte River Valley, Brighton to Fort Lupton, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5019, viii, 117 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105019.","productDescription":"viii, 117 p. 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,{"id":98472,"text":"sir20105035 - 2010 - Flood-frequency estimates for streams on Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii, State of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T23:03:24.738826","indexId":"sir20105035","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5035","displayTitle":"Flood-frequency estimates for streams on Kaua`i, O`ahu, Moloka`i, Maui, and Hawai`i, State of Hawai`i","title":"Flood-frequency estimates for streams on Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii, State of Hawaii","docAbstract":"This study provides an updated analysis of the magnitude and frequency of peak stream discharges in Hawai`i. Annual peak-discharge data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during and before water year 2008 (ending September 30, 2008) at stream-gaging stations were analyzed. The existing generalized-skew value for the State of Hawai`i was retained, although three methods were used to evaluate whether an update was needed. \r\n\r\nRegional regression equations were developed for peak discharges with 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence intervals for unregulated streams (those for which peak discharges are not affected to a large extent by upstream reservoirs, dams, diversions, or other structures) in areas with less than 20 percent combined medium- and high-intensity development on Kaua`i, O`ahu, Moloka`i, Maui, and Hawai`i. The generalized-least-squares (GLS) regression equations relate peak stream discharge to quantified basin characteristics (for example, drainage-basin area and mean annual rainfall) that were determined using geographic information system (GIS) methods. \r\n\r\nEach of the islands of Kaua`i,O`ahu, Moloka`i, Maui, and Hawai`i was divided into two regions, generally corresponding to a wet region and a dry region. Unique peak-discharge regression equations were developed for each region. The regression equations developed for this study have standard errors of prediction ranging from 16 to 620 percent. Standard errors of prediction are greatest for regression equations developed for leeward Moloka`i and southern Hawai`i. In general, estimated 100-year peak discharges from this study are lower than those from previous studies, which may reflect the longer periods of record used in this study. Each regression equation is valid within the range of values of the explanatory variables used to develop the equation. The regression equations were developed using peak-discharge data from streams that are mainly unregulated, and they should not be used to estimate peak discharges in regulated streams. Use of a regression equation beyond its limits will produce peak-discharge estimates with unknown error and should therefore be avoided. Improved estimates of the magnitude and frequency of peak discharges in Hawai`i will require continued operation of existing stream-gaging stations and operation of additional gaging stations for areas such as Moloka`i and Hawai`i, where limited stream-gaging data are available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawai`i Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Oki, D.S., Rosa, S.N., and Yeung, C.W., 2010, Flood-frequency estimates for streams on Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii, State of Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5035, v, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105035.","productDescription":"v, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422860,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosa, Sarah N. 0000-0002-3653-0826 snrosa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-0826","contributorId":2968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosa","given":"Sarah","email":"snrosa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yeung, Chiu W. cwyeung@usgs.gov","contributorId":2967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeung","given":"Chiu","email":"cwyeung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70230188,"text":"70230188 - 2010 - Partition coefficients of organic contaminants with carbohydrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-04T14:28:11.815072","indexId":"70230188","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-22T09:17:31","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partition coefficients of organic contaminants with carbohydrates","docAbstract":"<p><span>In view of the current lack of reliable partition coefficients for organic compounds with carbohydrates (</span><i>K</i><sub>ch</sub><span>), carefully measured values with cellulose and starch, the two major forms of carbohydrates, are provided for a wide range of compounds: short-chain chlorinated hydrocarbons, halogenated benzenes, alkyl benzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides. To ensure the accuracy of the&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>ch</sub><span>&nbsp;data, solute concentrations in both water and carbohydrate phases are measured by direct solvent extraction of the samples. For a given compound, the observed partition coefficient with cellulose (</span><i>K</i><sub>cl</sub><span>) is virtually the same as that with starch (</span><i>K</i><sub>st</sub><span>). This finding expedites the evaluation of organic contamination with different forms of carbohydrates. The presently determined&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>ch</sub><span>&nbsp;values of 13 PAHs are substantially lower (by 3−66 times) than the literature data; the latter are suspect as they were obtained with (i) presumably impure carbohydrate samples or (ii) indirectly measured equilibrium solute concentrations in carbohydrate and water phases. Although the&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>ch</sub><span>&nbsp;values are generally considerably lower than the respective&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>ow</sub><span>&nbsp;(octanol−water) or&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>lipid</sub><span>&nbsp;(lipid−water), accurate&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>ch</sub><span>&nbsp;data are duly required to accurately estimate the contamination of carbohydrates by organic compounds because of the abundance of carbohydrates over lipids in crops and plants. To overcome the current lack of reliable&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>ch</sub><span>&nbsp;data for organic compounds, a close correlation of log&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>ch</sub><span>&nbsp;with log&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>ow</sub><span>&nbsp;has been established for predicting the unavailable&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>ch</sub><span>&nbsp;data for low-polarity compounds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es1004413","usgsCitation":"Hung, H., Lin, T., and Chiou, C.T., 2010, Partition coefficients of organic contaminants with carbohydrates: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 44, no. 14, p. 5430-5436, https://doi.org/10.1021/es1004413.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"5430","endPage":"5436","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":398008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hung, Hsu-Wen","contributorId":289600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hung","given":"Hsu-Wen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, Tsair-Fuh","contributorId":289601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Tsair-Fuh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiou, Cary T. 0000-0002-8743-0702","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-0702","contributorId":189558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"Cary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98467,"text":"ofr20101070 - 2010 - Preliminary Aeromagnetic Map of Joshua Tree National Park and Vicinity, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:47","indexId":"ofr20101070","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1070","title":"Preliminary Aeromagnetic Map of Joshua Tree National Park and Vicinity, Southern California","docAbstract":"This aeromagnetic map of Joshua Tree National Park and vicinity is intended to promote further understanding of the geology and structure in the region by serving as a basis for geophysical interpretations and by supporting geological mapping, water-resource investigations, and various topical studies. Local spatial variations in the Earth's magnetic field (evident as anomalies on aeromagnetic maps) reflect the distribution of magnetic minerals, primarily magnetite, in the underlying rocks. In many cases the volume content of magnetic minerals can be related to rock type, and abrupt spatial changes in the amount of magnetic minerals commonly mark lithologic or structural boundaries. Bodies of mafic and ultramafic rocks tend to produce the most intense magnetic anomalies, but such generalizations must be applied with caution because rocks with more felsic compositions, or even some sedimentary units, also can cause measurable magnetic anomalies.\r\n\r\nThe database includes two ASCII files containing new aeromagnetic data and two ASCII files with point locations of the local maximum horizontal gradient derived from the aeromagnetic data. This metadata file describes the horizontal gradient locations derived from new and existing aeromagnetic data. This aeromagnetic map identifies magnetic features as a basis for geophysical interpretations; the gradients help define the edges of magnetic sources. This database updates geophysical information originally presented in smaller-scale formats and includes detailed aeromagnetic data collected by EON Geosciences, Inc. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101070","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., and Hill, P.L., 2010, Preliminary Aeromagnetic Map of Joshua Tree National Park and Vicinity, Southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1070, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101070.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1070.jpg"},{"id":13752,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1070/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, P. L.","contributorId":30201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98465,"text":"ds504 - 2010 - Groundwater-quality data in the South Coast Range-Coastal study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-19T21:06:01.109593","indexId":"ds504","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"504","title":"Groundwater-quality data in the South Coast Range-Coastal study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater quality in the approximately 766-square-mile South Coast Range–Coastal (SCRC) study unit was investigated from May to December 2008, as part of the Priority Basins Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basins Project was developed in response to legislative mandates (Supplemental Report of the 1999 Budget Act 1999-00 Fiscal Year; and, the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 [Sections 10780-10782.3 of the California Water Code, Assembly Bill 599]) to assess and monitor the quality of groundwater in California, and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). The SCRC study unit was the 25th study unit to be sampled as part of the GAMA Priority Basins Project.</p><p>The SCRC study unit was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of untreated groundwater quality in the primary aquifer systems and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of untreated groundwater quality throughout California. The primary aquifer systems (hereinafter referred to as primary aquifers) were defined as that part of the aquifer corresponding to the perforation interval of wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database for the SCRC study unit. The quality of groundwater in shallow or deep water-bearing zones may differ from the quality of groundwater in the primary aquifers; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination. In the SCRC study unit, groundwater samples were collected from 70 wells in two study areas (Basins and Uplands) in Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo Counties. Fifty-five of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells), and 15 wells were selected to aid in evaluation of specific water-quality issues (understanding wells). In addition to the 70 wells sampled, 3 surface-water samples were collected in streams near 2 of the sampled wells in order to better comprehend the interaction between groundwater and surface water in the area.</p><p>The groundwater samples were analyzed for organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOC], pesticides and pesticide degradates, polar pesticides and metabolites, and pharmaceutical compounds), constituents of special interest (perchlorate, N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], and 1,2,3-TCP), naturally occurring inorganic constituents (trace elements, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon [DOC], major and minor ions, silica, total dissolved solids [TDS], and alkalinity), and radioactive constituents (gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity). Naturally occurring isotopes (stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water, stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen in dissolved nitrate, stable isotopes of sulfur in dissolved sulfate, stable isotopes of carbon in dissolved inorganic carbon, activities of tritium, and carbon-14 abundance), and dissolved gases (including noble gases) also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled groundwater. In total, 298 constituents and field water-quality indicators were investigated. Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and matrix-spikes) were collected at approximately 3 to 12&nbsp;percent of the wells in the SCRC study unit, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the groundwater samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination from sample collection procedures was not a significant source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. Differences between replicate samples generally were less than 10 percent relative and/or standard deviation, indicating acceptable analytical reproducibility. Matrix-spike recoveries were within the acceptable range (70 to 130&nbsp;percent) for approximately 84 percent of the compounds.</p><p>This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of drinking water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, untreated groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, and/or blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to water that is served to the consumer, not to untreated groundwater. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the untreated groundwater were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and CDPH, and to non-regulatory thresholds established for aesthetic concerns by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and thresholds for drinking water are for illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of compliance or noncompliance with those thresholds. Most organic and inorganic constituents that were detected in groundwater samples from the 55 grid wells in the SCRC study unit were detected at concentrations less than drinking-water thresholds. In addition, all detections of organic constituents in SCRC grid well samples were less than health-based thresholds. In total, VOCs were detected in 33 percent of the 55 grid wells sampled and pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in 27 percent of grid wells sampled in the SCRC study unit. In the Basins study area, VOCs and pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in approximately 33&nbsp;percent of the 39 grid wells. In the Uplands study area, VOCs were detected in approximately 31&nbsp;percent and pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in approximately 13&nbsp;percent of the 16 grid wells. Trace elements and minor ions were sampled for at 32 grid wells and nutrients at 33 grid wells in the SCRC study unit, and most detections were less than health-based thresholds. Exceptions in the Basins study area include one detection of arsenic greater than the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) of 10 µg/L and three detections of nitrite plus nitrate, as nitrogen (NO2-+NO3-) greater than the MCL-US of 10 mg/L. Exceptions in the Uplands study area include two detections of arsenic greater than the MCL-US and eight detections of molybdenum greater than the USEPA lifetime health advisory level (HAL-US) of 40 µg/L. All detections of major and minor ions and gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity from the SCRC grid wells were less than health-based thresholds.</p><p>Results for trace elements, major ions, and TDS with non-enforceable thresholds set for aesthetic concerns from 16&nbsp;Basins study area grid wells showed that iron concentrations greater than the CDPH secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL-CA) of 300 µg/L were detected in grid wells. Manganese concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA of 50 µg/L were detected in six grid wells.</p><p>Chloride concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA threshold of 250 mg/L were detected in one grid well. Sulfate concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA threshold of 250 mg/L were measured in 12 grid wells and 3 of these wells also were greater than the upper SMCL-CA threshold of 500 mg/L. TDS concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA recommended threshold of 500 mg/L were measured in 14 of the 16 Basins study area grid wells and concentrations in 5 of these wells also were greater than the SMCL-CA upper threshold of 1,000 mg/L.</p><p>In the Uplands study area, iron concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA were detected in 2 of 16 grid wells and manganese concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA were detected in 3 grid wells. TDS and sulfate concentrations greater than the recommended SMCL-CA thresholds were detected in 11 and 2 grid wells, respectively, but none of these concentrations were greater than the SMCL-CA upper thresholds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds504","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Mathany, T., Burton, C., Land, M., and Belitz, K., 2010, Groundwater-quality data in the South Coast Range-Coastal study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 504, x, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds504.","productDescription":"x, 106 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_504.jpg"},{"id":404083,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93305.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13750,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/504/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Coast Range-Coastal study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.9056,\n              35.350\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.8,\n              35.350\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.8,\n              34.5417\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.9056,\n              34.5417\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.9056,\n              35.350\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656bb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathany, Timothy M. 0000-0002-4747-5113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-5113","contributorId":99949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathany","given":"Timothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":56613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70200018,"text":"70200018 - 2010 - Sources of aerosol nitrate to the Gulf of Aqaba: Evidence from δ15N and δ18O of nitrate and trace metal chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T15:22:00","indexId":"70200018","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-20T15:21:31","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of aerosol nitrate to the Gulf of Aqaba: Evidence from δ15N and δ18O of nitrate and trace metal chemistry","docAbstract":"<p>The nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) isotopic composition (δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>18</sup>O) of water soluble aerosol nitrate was measured in aerosol samples collected in Eilat, Israel, from August 2003 to November 2004. During this period δ<sup>15</sup>N values ranged from −&nbsp;6.9‰ to +&nbsp;1.9‰ and δ<sup>18</sup>O from +&nbsp;65.1‰ to +&nbsp;84.9‰ and exhibited strong seasonal variability with higher average δ<sup>15</sup>N values observed in the summer and higher δ<sup>18</sup>O values in the winter. Nitrate isotopic composition was compared with bulk chemical composition and extractable ion and trace metals on co-collected samples linking nitrate isotopic composition to various sources of aerosols to this region. Atmospheric processes impacting the isotopic signatures of nitrate were also considered.</p><p>Based on back trajectory analyses, the majority of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>came from air masses originating over the Mediterranean Sea (34%), Western Europe (20%) and the local Negev desert (19%), which contain a larger anthropogenic imprint compared to southern and eastern air masses which are dominated by mineral dust. The potential role of reactive mineral dust aerosols as a regulator of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>isotopic composition is considered; however, based on factor analysis, neither δ<sup>15</sup>N nor δ<sup>18</sup>O were associated with mineral dust components (such as Fe or Al), but rather with anthropogenic indicators such as Cu, Cd, P and Pb. Seasonality in primary NO<sub>x</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>cycling reactions driven by seasonal changes in solar radiation, relative humidity and temperature also influence the observed isotopic signatures. The isotope data, together with trace element analysis, suggests that seasonal variations in both δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>NO3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>are related to both NO<sub>x</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>source and transport processes as well as NO<sub>x</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>chemical reactions in the atmosphere.</p><p>The flux-weighted δ<sup>15</sup>N of aerosol NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in this area averaged −&nbsp;2.6‰ making aerosol deposition a substantial contributor of low δ<sup>15</sup>N nitrogen to the oligotrophic waters of the Gulf of Aqaba. Thus, while the flux of atmospheric N to oligotrophic marine systems is smaller than the upward flux of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>from deep water, it nonetheless represents an important source of new N having a low δ<sup>15</sup>N. Further, if this low δ<sup>15</sup>N signature is not considered, it could interfere with N-fixation estimates based on isotopic composition of dissolved nitrate or particulate organic nitrogen. Thus, atmospheric deposition should be constrained for accurate estimates of marine N-fixation when based on δ<sup>15</sup>N in the ocean. Indeed, in the Gulf of Aqaba, low upper water δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values could be related to inputs of atmospheric NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>as well as N-fixation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.013","usgsCitation":"Wankel, S.D., Chen, Y., Kendall, C., Post, A., and Paytan, A., 2010, Sources of aerosol nitrate to the Gulf of Aqaba: Evidence from δ15N and δ18O of nitrate and trace metal chemistry: Marine Chemistry, v. 120, no. 1-4, p. 90-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.013.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Israel","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Aqaba, Eliat","volume":"120","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c6d3e4b034bf6a7f4925","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wankel, Scott D.","contributorId":98076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wankel","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Ying","contributorId":208599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Ying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Post, A.F.","contributorId":104729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paytan, Adina 0000-0001-8360-4712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-4712","contributorId":193046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paytan","given":"Adina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98463,"text":"gip113 - 2010 - Using land-cover data to understand effects of agricultural and urban development on regional water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:06","indexId":"gip113","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"113","title":"Using land-cover data to understand effects of agricultural and urban development on regional water quality","docAbstract":"The Land-Cover Trends project is a collaborative effort between the Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to understand the rates, trends, causes, and consequences of contemporary land-use and land-cover change in the United States. The data produced from this research can lead to an enriched understanding of the drivers of future landuse change, effects on environmental systems, and any associated feedbacks.\r\n\r\nUSGS scientists are using the EPA Level III ecoregions as the geographic framework to process geospatial data collected between 1973 and 2000 to characterize ecosystem responses to land-use changes. General land-cover classes for these periods were interpreted from Landsat Multispectral Scanner, Thematic Mapper, and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus imagery to categorize and evaluate land-cover change using a modified Anderson Land-Use/Land-Cover Classification System for image interpretation.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gip113","usgsCitation":"Karstensen, K.A., and Warner, K., 2010, Using land-cover data to understand effects of agricultural and urban development on regional water quality: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 113,  , https://doi.org/10.3133/gip113.","productDescription":" ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":383,"text":"Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_113.jpg"},{"id":13737,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Projection","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.53416666666666,38.11666666666667 ], [ -92.53416666666666,44.250277777777775 ], [ -85.41722222222222,44.250277777777775 ], [ -85.41722222222222,38.11666666666667 ], [ -92.53416666666666,38.11666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603c94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karstensen, Krista A. kkarstensen@usgs.gov","contributorId":286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karstensen","given":"Krista","email":"kkarstensen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, Kelly L. klwarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Kelly L.","email":"klwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98464,"text":"sir20105008 - 2010 - Use of Continuous Monitors and Autosamplers to Predict Unmeasured Water-Quality Constituents in Tributaries of the Tualatin River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:12","indexId":"sir20105008","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5008","title":"Use of Continuous Monitors and Autosamplers to Predict Unmeasured Water-Quality Constituents in Tributaries of the Tualatin River, Oregon","docAbstract":"Management of water quality in streams of the United States is becoming increasingly complex as regulators seek to control aquatic pollution and ecological problems through Total Maximum Daily Load programs that target reductions in the concentrations of certain constituents. Sediment, nutrients, and bacteria, for example, are constituents that regulators target for reduction nationally and in the Tualatin River basin, Oregon. These constituents require laboratory analysis of discrete samples for definitive determinations of concentrations in streams. Recent technological advances in the nearly continuous, in situ monitoring of related water-quality parameters has fostered the use of these parameters as surrogates for the labor intensive, laboratory-analyzed constituents. Although these correlative techniques have been successful in large rivers, it was unclear whether they could be applied successfully in tributaries of the Tualatin River, primarily because these streams tend to be small, have rapid hydrologic response to rainfall and high streamflow variability, and may contain unique sources of sediment, nutrients, and bacteria. \r\n\r\nThis report evaluates the feasibility of developing correlative regression models for predicting dependent variables (concentrations of total suspended solids, total phosphorus, and Escherichia coli bacteria) in two Tualatin River basin streams: one draining highly urbanized land (Fanno Creek near Durham, Oregon) and one draining rural agricultural land (Dairy Creek at Highway 8 near Hillsboro, Oregon), during 2002-04. An important difference between these two streams is their response to storm runoff; Fanno Creek has a relatively rapid response due to extensive upstream impervious areas and Dairy Creek has a relatively slow response because of the large amount of undeveloped upstream land. Four other stream sites also were evaluated, but in less detail. Potential explanatory variables included continuously monitored streamflow (discharge), stream stage, specific conductance, turbidity, and time (to account for seasonal processes). Preliminary multiple-regression models were identified using stepwise regression and Mallow's Cp, which maximizes regression correlation coefficients and accounts for the loss of additional degrees of freedom when extra explanatory variables are used. Several data scenarios were created and evaluated for each site to assess the representativeness of existing monitoring data and autosampler-derived data, and to assess the utility of the available data to develop robust predictive models. The goodness-of-fit of candidate predictive models was assessed with diagnostic statistics from validation exercises that compared predictions against a subset of the available data.\r\n\r\nThe regression modeling met with mixed success. Functional model forms that have a high likelihood of success were identified for most (but not all) dependent variables at each site, but there were limitations in the available datasets, notably the lack of samples from high-flows. These limitations increase the uncertainty in the predictions of the models and suggest that the models are not yet ready for use in assessing these streams, particularly under high-flow conditions, without additional data collection and recalibration of model coefficients. Nonetheless, the results reveal opportunities to use existing resources more efficiently. Baseline conditions are well represented in the available data, and, for the most part, the models reproduced these conditions well. Future sampling might therefore focus on high flow conditions, without much loss of ability to characterize the baseline. Seasonal cycles, as represented by trigonometric functions of time, were not significant in the evaluated models, perhaps because the baseline conditions are well characterized in the datasets or because the other explanatory variables indirectly incorporate seasonal aspects. Multicollinearity among independent variabl","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Clean Water Services","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C., and Rounds, S.A., 2010, Use of Continuous Monitors and Autosamplers to Predict Unmeasured Water-Quality Constituents in Tributaries of the Tualatin River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5008, viii, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105008.","productDescription":"viii, 76 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5008.jpg"},{"id":13749,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Oregon Lambert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,45.36666666666667 ], [ -123.5,45.750277777777775 ], [ -122.5,45.750277777777775 ], [ -122.5,45.36666666666667 ], [ -123.5,45.36666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6051d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":1151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey W.","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70236327,"text":"70236327 - 2010 - Resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-01T17:32:38.884172","indexId":"70236327","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-18T12:22:25","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate change","docAbstract":"<p>The resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate change depends on complex interactions among topography, water, soil, vegetation, and snow, which allow permafrost to persist at mean annual air temperatures (MAATs) as high as +2 °C and degrade at MAATs as low as –20 °C. To assess these interactions, we compiled existing data and tested effects of varying conditions on mean annual surface temperatures (MASTs) and 2 m deep temperatures (MADTs) through modeling. Surface water had the largest effect, with water sediment temperatures being ~10 °C above MAAT. A 50% reduction in snow depth reduces MADT by 2 °C. Elevation changes between 200 and 800 m increases MAAT by up to 2.3 °C and snow depths by ~40%. Aspect caused only a ~1 °C difference in MAST. Covarying vegetation structure, organic matter thickness, soil moisture, and snow depth of terrestrial ecosystems, ranging from barren silt to white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) forest to tussock shrub, affect MASTs by ~6 °C and MADTs by ~7 °C. Groundwater at 2–7 °C greatly affects lateral and internal permafrost thawing. Analyses show that vegetation succession provides strong negative feedbacks that make permafrost resilient to even large increases in air temperatures. Surface water, which is affected by topography and ground ice, provides even stronger negative feedbacks that make permafrost vulnerable to thawing even under cold temperatures.<br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/X10-060","usgsCitation":"Jorgenson, M., Romanovsky, V., Harden, J.W., Shur, Y., O'Donnell, J., Schuur, E.A., Kanevskiy, M., and Marchenko, S., 2010, Resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate change: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 40, no. 7, p. 1219-1236, https://doi.org/10.1139/X10-060.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1219","endPage":"1236","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        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      ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorgenson, M.Torre 0000-0002-9834-8851","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-8851","contributorId":245200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M.Torre","affiliations":[{"id":13506,"text":"Alaska Ecoscience","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romanovsky, Vladimir","contributorId":175208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"Vladimir","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shur, Yuri","contributorId":39302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shur","given":"Yuri","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O'Donnell, Jonathan","contributorId":17924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schuur, Edward A.G.","contributorId":169386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuur","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"A.G.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kanevskiy, Mikhail","contributorId":60511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanevskiy","given":"Mikhail","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Marchenko, Sergei","contributorId":199367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marchenko","given":"Sergei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":98460,"text":"fs20103031 - 2010 - Availability of Groundwater Data for California, Water Year 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"fs20103031","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3031","title":"Availability of Groundwater Data for California, Water Year 2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Federal, State, and local agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the groundwater resources of California each water year (October 1-September 30). These data constitute a valuable database for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State.\r\n\r\nThis Fact Sheet serves as an index to groundwater data for Water Year 2009. The 2 page report contains a map of California showing the number of wells (by county) with available water-level and water-quality data for Water Year 2009 (fig. 1) and instructions for obtaining this and other groundwater information contained in the databases of the U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center.\r\n\r\nFrom 1985 to 1993, data were published in the annual report 'Water Resources Data for California, Volume 5. Ground-Water Data'; prior to 1985, the data were published in U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Papers.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103031","usgsCitation":"Ray, M., 2010, Availability of Groundwater Data for California, Water Year 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3031, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103031.","productDescription":"2 p.","temporalStart":"2008-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3031.jpg"},{"id":13732,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667fa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ray, Mary","contributorId":51704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70202860,"text":"ofr20101125 - 2010 - Evidence of envronmental change in Rankin basin, Central Florida Bay, Everglades National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T15:57:07.022726","indexId":"ofr20101125","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1125","displayTitle":"Evidence of Envronmental Change in Rankin Basin, Central Florida Bay, Everglades National Park","title":"Evidence of envronmental change in Rankin basin, Central Florida Bay, Everglades National Park","docAbstract":"<p>Analyses of core GLBW601 RL1 collected in Rankin Basin, Florida Bay, Everglades National Park, in June 2001 indicate that significant environmental changes occurred at the site over the last two centuries. The core was collected at a site of documented seagrass die-off in 1987-1988. The purpose of this study was to document the long-term sequences of events leading up to the die-off event. Analyses have been conducted to examine (1) faunal changes in the ostracodes and mollusks, (2) biochemistry of the ostracode shells, (3) floral changes in the pollen assemblages, and (4) geochemical and elemental changes in the sediment. The faunal assemblage analyses provide information on the salinity and benthic habitat at the site. The biochemical and geochemical data provide information about the water chemistry and sedimentation rates. The floral assemblage provides data about the nearby terrestrial environment and the first occurrence of pollen of the Australian pine, <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i>, serves as a biostratigraphic marker for the beginning of the 20th century. These data provide clues to the cause and effect of the seagrass die-off and changes in salinity patterns and also illustrate decadal-scale patterns of change.</p><p>The analyses of GLBW601 RL1 show two important results. First, prior to 1900, Rankin Basin tended to be oligohaline to mesohaline on the basis of faunal data showing the assemblage to be similar to that of the lowest portions of a core from Taylor Creek. Second, prior to the documented seagrass die-off, the faunal assemblages indicate an increase in the amplitude of salinity fluctuations; a significant increase occurs in the mollusks <i>Brachidontes exustus</i> and <i>Anomalocardia auberiana</i>, two species that tolerate fluctuations in salinity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101125","usgsCitation":"Murray, J.B., Wingard, G.L., Cronin, T.M., Orem, W.H., Willard, D.A., Holmes, C.W., Reich, C., Shinn, E., Marot, M., Lerch, T., Trappe, C., and Landacre, B., 2010,  Evidence of envornmental change in Rankin Basin, central Florida Bay, Everglades National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010–1125, 49 p., https://doi.usgs.gov/10.3133/ofr20101125.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362628,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1125/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":362629,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1125/ofr20101125.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.67 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2010-1125"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.85311271484309,\n              25.132490788646592\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.85311271484309,\n              25.07697728453293\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.78943182632912,\n              25.07697728453293\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.78943182632912,\n              25.132490788646592\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.85311271484309,\n              25.132490788646592\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Setting</li><li>Methods</li><li>Results</li><li>Discussiojn</li><li>References</li></ul>","publishedDate":"2010-06-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, James B. jbmurray@usgs.gov","contributorId":2065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"James","email":"jbmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":760309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn","contributorId":44969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G. Lynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942 dwillard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":2076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra","email":"dwillard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holmes, Charles W.","contributorId":31071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":760314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reich, Christopher D. 0000-0002-2534-1456 creich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-1456","contributorId":900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"Christopher","email":"creich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shinn, Eugene","contributorId":201157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shinn","given":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Marot, Marci E. 0000-0003-0504-315X mmarot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-315X","contributorId":2078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marot","given":"Marci","email":"mmarot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lerch, Terry","contributorId":24040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"Terry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Trappe, Carleigh A.","contributorId":37782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trappe","given":"Carleigh","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Landacre, Bryan","contributorId":74468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landacre","given":"Bryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70037734,"text":"70037734 - 2010 - Controls on mangrove forest‐atmosphere carbon dioxide exchanges in western Everglades National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-16T16:59:25.515513","indexId":"70037734","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-17T15:27:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7359,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on mangrove forest‐atmosphere carbon dioxide exchanges in western Everglades National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>We report on net ecosystem production (NEP) and key environmental controls on net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) between a mangrove forest and the atmosphere in the coastal Florida Everglades. An eddy covariance system deployed above the canopy was used to determine NEE during January 2004 through August 2005. Maximum daytime NEE ranged from −20 to −25&nbsp;</span><i>μ</i><span>mol (CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;between March and May. Respiration (R</span><sub>d</sub><span>) was highly variable (2.81 ± 2.41&nbsp;</span><i>μ</i><span>mol (CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), reaching peak values during the summer wet season. During the winter dry season, forest CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;assimilation increased with the proportion of diffuse solar irradiance in response to greater radiative transfer in the forest canopy. Surface water salinity and tidal activity were also important controls on NEE. Daily light use efficiency was reduced at high (&gt;34 parts per thousand (ppt)) compared to low (&lt;17 ppt) salinity by 46%. Tidal inundation lowered daytime R</span><sub>d</sub><span>&nbsp;by ∼0.9&nbsp;</span><i>μ</i><span>mol (CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;and nighttime R</span><sub>d</sub><span>&nbsp;by ∼0.5&nbsp;</span><i>μ</i><span>mol (CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The forest was a sink for atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, with an annual NEP of 1170 ± 127 g C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;during 2004. This unusually high NEP was attributed to year‐round productivity and low ecosystem respiration which reached a maximum of only 3 g C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Tidal export of dissolved inorganic carbon derived from belowground respiration likely lowered the estimates of mangrove forest respiration. These results suggest that carbon balance in mangrove coastal systems will change in response to variable salinity and inundation patterns, possibly resulting from secular sea level rise and climate change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009JG001186","usgsCitation":"Barr, J.G., Engel, V., Fuentes, J.D., Zieman, J.C., O’Halloran, T.L., Smith, T.J., and Anderson, G.H., 2010, Controls on mangrove forest‐atmosphere carbon dioxide exchanges in western Everglades National Park: Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, v. 115, no. G2, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG001186.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jg001186","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.8096923828125,\n              25.090573819461\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.7113037109375,\n              25.090573819461\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.7113037109375,\n              26.75051574561839\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8096923828125,\n              26.75051574561839\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8096923828125,\n              25.090573819461\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"G2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbd1e4b0c8380cd4df9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barr, Jordan G.","contributorId":85809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barr","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13531,"text":"South Florida Natural Resource Center, Everglades National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":462536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engel, Vic 0000-0002-3858-7308","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-7308","contributorId":101790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"Vic","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuentes, Jose D.","contributorId":97231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuentes","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zieman, Joseph C.","contributorId":20806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zieman","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Halloran, Thomas L.","contributorId":48838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Halloran","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, Gordon H. 0000-0003-1675-8329 gordon_anderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-8329","contributorId":2771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gordon","email":"gordon_anderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70168801,"text":"70168801 - 2010 - The changing effects of Alaska’s boreal forests on the climate system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T10:58:53","indexId":"70168801","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-17T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The changing effects of Alaska’s boreal forests on the climate system","docAbstract":"<p>In the boreal forests of Alaska, recent changes in climate have influenced the exchange of trace gases, water, and energy between these forests and the atmosphere. These changes in the structure and function of boreal forests can then feed back to impact regional and global climates. In this manuscript, we examine the type and magnitude of the climate feedbacks from boreal forests in Alaska. Research generally suggests that the net effect of a warming climate is a positive regional feedback to warming. Currently, the primary positive climate feedbacks are likely related to decreases in surface albedo due to decreases in snow cover. Fewer negative feedbacks have been identified, and they may not be large enough to counterbalance the large positive feedbacks. These positive feedbacks are most pronounced at the regional scale and reduce the resilience of the boreal vegetation &ndash; climate system by amplifying the rate of regional warming. Given the recent warming in this region, the large variety of associated mechanisms that can alter terrestrial ecosystems and influence the climate system, and a reduction in the boreal forest resilience, there is a strong need to continue to quantify and evaluate the feedback pathways.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/X09-209","usgsCitation":"Euskirchen, E., McGuire, A.D., Chapin, F., and Rupp, T., 2010, The changing effects of Alaska’s boreal forests on the climate system: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 40, no. 7, p. 1336-1346, https://doi.org/10.1139/X09-209.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1336","endPage":"1346","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-018388","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318565,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":621826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapin, F.S.","contributorId":48384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rupp, T.S.","contributorId":66904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98459,"text":"ofr20101105 - 2010 - Hurricane Influences on Vegetation Community Change in Coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-27T13:45:00","indexId":"ofr20101105","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1105","title":"Hurricane Influences on Vegetation Community Change in Coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"The impacts of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005 on wetland vegetation were investigated in Louisiana coastal marshes. Vegetation cover, pore-water salinity, and nutrients data from 100 marsh sites covering the entire Louisiana coast were sampled for two consecutive growing seasons after the storms. A mixed-model nested ANOVA with Tukey's HSD test for post-ANOVA multiple comparisons was used to analyze the data. Significantly (p<0.05) lower vegetation cover was observed within brackish and fresh marshes in the west as compared to the east and central regions throughout 2006, but considerable increase in vegetation cover was noticed in fall 2007 data. Marshes in the west were stressed by prolonged saltwater logging and increased sulfide content. High salinity levels persisted throughout the study period for all marsh types, especially in the west. The marshes of coastal Louisiana are still recovering after the hurricanes; however, changes in the species composition have increased in these marshes.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101105","usgsCitation":"Steyer, G.D., Cretini, K.F., Piazza, S.C., Sharp, L., Snedden, G., and Sapkota, S., 2010, Hurricane Influences on Vegetation Community Change in Coastal Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1105, vi, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101105.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1105.jpg"},{"id":13731,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1105/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a1a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steyer, Gregory D. 0000-0001-7231-0110 steyerg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-0110","contributorId":2856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyer","given":"Gregory","email":"steyerg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cretini, Kari Foster 0000-0003-0419-0748","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-0748","contributorId":40314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cretini","given":"Kari","email":"","middleInitial":"Foster","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piazza, Sarai C. 0000-0001-6962-9008 piazzas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-9008","contributorId":466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piazza","given":"Sarai","email":"piazzas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharp, Leigh A.","contributorId":43879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Leigh A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snedden, Gregg A. 0000-0001-7821-3709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-3709","contributorId":17338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snedden","given":"Gregg A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sapkota, Sijan sapkotas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapkota","given":"Sijan","email":"sapkotas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70230293,"text":"70230293 - 2010 - Immediate and long-term fire effects on total mercury in forests soils of northeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-06T15:37:32.320055","indexId":"70230293","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T10:27:35","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immediate and long-term fire effects on total mercury in forests soils of northeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p><span>Within the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness in northeastern Minnesota, soils were collected from 116 sites in areas of primarily virgin forest with fire-origin stand years (year of last recognizable stand-killing wildfire) that range from the 1759 to 1976. Median concentrations for total mercury in soils for this span of 217 years range from 0.28 ± 0.088 ppm (1759) to 0.09 ± 0.047 ppm (1976) for A-horizon soils and from 0.23 ± 0.062 ppm (1759) to 0.09 ± 0.018 ppm (1976) for O-horizon soils. A separate study of soils collected from 30 sites within an area that burned in a 2004 wildfire at Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, suggested that high soil burn severity resulted in significant mercury loss from both organic and mineral soils. Integrated data from these two studies and additional regional soil data demonstrate that older forests have progressively higher mercury concentrations in O-horizon soils (r</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.423) and A-horizon soils (r</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.456). These results support the hypotheses that an important factor for mercury concentrations in forest soils is time since stand-replacing fire and that high soil burn severity has the potential to reduce the concentration of mercury in burned soils for tens to hundreds of years.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es100544d","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L.G., and Cannon, W.F., 2010, Immediate and long-term fire effects on total mercury in forests soils of northeastern Minnesota: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 44, no. 14, p. 5371-5376, https://doi.org/10.1021/es100544d.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5371","endPage":"5376","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398225,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Voyageurs National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.9176025390625,\n              47.942106827553026\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.0494384765625,\n              48.111099041065366\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5712890625,\n              48.10743118848039\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.7470703125,\n              48.10743118848039\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.86242675781249,\n              48.246625590713826\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.2799072265625,\n              48.09275716032736\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.56005859375,\n              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   -89.9176025390625,\n              47.942106827553026\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":201972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98454,"text":"sir20105078 - 2010 - Surface-Water Quality Conditions and Long-Term Trends at Selected Sites within the Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network in Missouri, Water Years 1993-2008 ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20105078","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5078","title":"Surface-Water Quality Conditions and Long-Term Trends at Selected Sites within the Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network in Missouri, Water Years 1993-2008 ","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, collects data pertaining to the surface-water resources of Missouri. These data are collected as part of the Missouri Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network and constitute a valuable source of reliable, impartial, and timely information for developing an improved understanding of water resources in the State.\r\n\r\nSix sites from the Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network, with data available from the 1993 through 2008 water years, were chosen to compare water-quality conditions and long-term trends of dissolved oxygen, selected physical properties, total suspended solids, dissolved nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen, total phosphorous, fecal indicator bacteria, and selected trace elements. The six sites used in the study were classified in groups corresponding to the physiography, main land use, and drainage basin size, and represent most stream types in Missouri.\r\n\r\nLong-term trends in this study were analyzed using flow-adjusted and non-flow adjusted models. Highly censored datasets (greater than 5 percent but less than 50 percent censored values) were not flow-adjusted. Trends that were detected can possibly be related to changes in agriculture or urban development within the drainage basins. Trends in nutrients were the most prevalent. Upward flow-adjusted trends in dissolved nitrate plus nitrite (as nitrogen) concentrations were identified at the Elk River site, and in total phosphorus concentrations at the South Fabius and Grand River sites. A downward flow-adjusted trend was identified in total phosphorus concentrations from Wilson Creek, the only urban site in the study. The downward trend in phosphorus possibly was related to a phosphorus reduction system that began operation in 2001 at a wastewater treatment plant upstream from the sampling site. Total suspended solids concentrations indicated an upward non-flow adjusted trend at the two northern sites (South Fabius and Grand Rivers). The increase in total suspended solids concentrations could be because of soil erosion from land cultivated for row crops. Most trace element data examined in the study were highly censored and could not be used for flow-adjusted trend analyses.\r\n\r\nWater-quality conditions were assessed to explore relations between data from sites and to the State water-quality standards where applicable for selected constituents. Streamflow varied at each site because of drainage area, land use, and groundwater inputs. Dissolved oxygen and water temperature were similar at all sites except the urban site located on Wilson Creek. Specific conductance was similar between the most northern (South Fabius and Grand River sites) and the most southern sites (Current and Elk River sites). Total suspended solids concentrations were near the method reporting level at all sites, except the northern sites. Streams in northern Missouri are more turbid than streams in southern Missouri and are affected by large volumes of sediment deposition because of soil erosion from land cultivated for row crops.\r\n\r\nGeometric means of Escherichia coli were calculated from the recreational seasons within the study period. Only the Grand River site exceeded the whole-body-contact standard for frequently used waters. The South Fabius and Grand River sites and the Wilson Creek site had statistically larger densities of both fecal indicator bacteria types than the remaining sites.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105078","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Barr, M.N., and Davis, J., 2010, Surface-Water Quality Conditions and Long-Term Trends at Selected Sites within the Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network in Missouri, Water Years 1993-2008 : U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5078, v, 42 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105078.","productDescription":"v, 42 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5078.jpg"},{"id":13727,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5078/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,36 ], [ -96,42 ], [ -89,42 ], [ -89,36 ], [ -96,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae6e4b07f02db68b4d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barr, Miya N. 0000-0002-9961-9190 mnbarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9961-9190","contributorId":3686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"Miya","email":"mnbarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Jerri V. jdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jerri V.","email":"jdavis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98455,"text":"sir20105031 - 2010 - Estimated Withdrawals and Other Elements of Water Use in the Great Lakes Basin of the United States in 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20105031","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5031","title":"Estimated Withdrawals and Other Elements of Water Use in the Great Lakes Basin of the United States in 2005","docAbstract":"Estimates of water withdrawals in the United States part of the Great Lakes Basin and 107 of its watersheds designated by the 8-digit hydrologic unit code (HUCs) indicate that about 30.3 billion gallons per day (Bgal/d) were withdrawn for practically all categories of use in 2005. Virtually all water withdrawn was freshwater. Surface-water withdrawals totaled 28.8 Bgal/d, or 95 percent of total withdrawals; about 24 Bgal/d was withdrawn from the Great Lakes or their connecting channels. Total withdrawals, and total surface-water withdrawals, decreased 7 percent from 1995 to 2005, generally following the withdrawal trends of industrial use and that of the largest use-thermoelectric power. Groundwater withdrawals increased 3 percent from 1995 to 2005 and 33 percent during 1985-2005. The substantial increase since 1985 results primarily from increases in irrigation and self-supplied domestic withdrawals. In 2005, withdrawals for public supply, domestic, and irrigation use accounted for 81 percent of groundwater withdrawals.\r\n\r\nAbout 21.9 Bgal/d, or 72 percent of total withdrawals for 2005, was used for thermoelectric power. Virtually all of this water was derived from surface water and used for once-through cooling at powerplants. As such, the reuse potential of this water in the basin is high, with the majority of the withdrawn water returned to its surface-water source.\r\n\r\nPublic-supply withdrawals were 3.81 Bgal/d (13 percent), with withdrawals declining by about 13 percent from 1995 to 2005. In 2005, about 77 percent of the population in the Great Lakes Basin obtained drinking water from public suppliers, compared to about 78 percent in 1995 and 83 percent in 1985. Surface water consistently provided about 88 percent of the total withdrawals for public supply since 1985.\r\n\r\nSelf-supplied industrial withdrawals in 2005 totaled 2.93 Bgal/d (10 percent), possibly as much as 30 percent less than in 1995. Surface water was the source for 95 percent of industrial withdrawals. Combined withdrawals for mining, irrigation, domestic, aquaculture, and livestock use (in order of decreasing rate) were 1.63 Bgal/d, or only 5 percent of total withdrawals; the withdrawals were distributed almost equally between surface-water and groundwater sources. Withdrawals for each of these uses, except livestock, increased almost continuously during 1985-2005. Withdrawals for mining increased 103 percent and for irrigation 94 percent during 1985-2005; livestock withdrawals decreased 25 percent from their peak in 1990. The number of irrigated acres increased 56 percent since 1985, totaling 750,000 acres in 2005. No use of reclaimed wastewater for industrial or irrigation applications was reported; however, sources of information regarding its use were sparse. \r\n\r\nWithin the basin, the Lake Michigan watershed accounted for 15.0 Bgal/d, or 49 percent, of total water withdrawals for 2005; an estimated 12.3 Bgal/d was withdrawn directly from Lake Michigan. The State of Michigan accounted for 38 percent of total water withdrawals, representing the largest surface-water withdrawals (primarily for thermoelectric power use) and groundwater withdrawals (primarily for public supply and self-supplied domestic use). A disproportionately large percentage of surface-water withdrawals (6 percent, 1.80 Bgal/d) were in Illinois, given this state represents less than 1 percent of the land area of the basin. Ninety percent of the Illinois population served by the water withdrawn from Lake Michigan for public supply resides outside the basin. Within land-based HUCs, the Lower Maumee (04100009) of Ohio accounted for the largest total withdrawal and total surface-water withdrawal (about 0.75 Bgal/d). The St. Joseph (04050001) of Michigan and Indiana accounted for the largest total groundwater withdrawal (0.25 Bgal/d). \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105031","collaboration":"National Water Availability and Use Pilot Program","usgsCitation":"Mills, P., and Sharpe, J.B., 2010, Estimated Withdrawals and Other Elements of Water Use in the Great Lakes Basin of the United States in 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5031, ix, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105031.","productDescription":"ix, 95 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5031.jpg"},{"id":13728,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95,40 ], [ -95,52 ], [ -72,52 ], [ -72,40 ], [ -95,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db68493f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, P.C. pcmills@usgs.gov","contributorId":3810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"P.C.","email":"pcmills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189940,"text":"70189940 - 2010 - Microbial oxidation of arsenite in a subarctic environment: diversity of arsenite oxidase genes and identification of a psychrotolerant arsenite oxidiser","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T16:41:36","indexId":"70189940","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5472,"text":"BMC Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial oxidation of arsenite in a subarctic environment: diversity of arsenite oxidase genes and identification of a psychrotolerant arsenite oxidiser","docAbstract":"<p>Arsenic is toxic to most living cells. The two soluble inorganic forms of arsenic are arsenite (+3) and arsenate (+5), with arsenite the more toxic. Prokaryotic metabolism of arsenic has been reported in both thermal and moderate environments and has been shown to be involved in the redox cycling of arsenic. No arsenic metabolism (either dissimilatory arsenate reduction or arsenite oxidation) has ever been reported in cold environments (i.e. &lt; 10°C).</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Our study site is located 512 kilometres south of the Arctic Circle in the Northwest Territories, Canada in an inactive gold mine which contains mine waste water in excess of 50 mM arsenic. Several thousand tonnes of arsenic trioxide dust are stored in underground chambers and microbial biofilms grow on the chamber walls below seepage points rich in arsenite-containing solutions. We compared the arsenite oxidisers in two subsamples (which differed in arsenite concentration) collected from one biofilm. 'Species' (sequence) richness did not differ between subsamples, but the relative importance of the three identifiable clades did. An arsenite-oxidising bacterium (designated GM1) was isolated, and was shown to oxidise arsenite in the early exponential growth phase and to grow at a broad range of temperatures (4-25°C). Its arsenite oxidase was constitutively expressed and functioned over a broad temperature range.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The diversity of arsenite oxidisers does not significantly differ from two subsamples of a microbial biofilm that vary in arsenite concentrations. GM1 is the first psychrotolerant arsenite oxidiser to be isolated with the ability to grow below 10°C. This ability to grow at low temperatures could be harnessed for arsenic bioremediation in moderate to cold climates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central","doi":"10.1186/1471-2180-10-205","usgsCitation":"Osborne, T.H., Jamieson, H.E., Hudson-Edwards, K.A., Nordstrom, D.K., Walker, S.R., Ward, S.A., and Santini, J.M., 2010, Microbial oxidation of arsenite in a subarctic environment: diversity of arsenite oxidase genes and identification of a psychrotolerant arsenite oxidiser: BMC Microbiology, v. 10, no. 205, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-10-205.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-017174","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-10-205","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"205","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59819317e4b0e2f5d463b7b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osborne, Thomas H.","contributorId":195346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osborne","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jamieson, Heather E.","contributorId":150176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jamieson","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson-Edwards, Karen A.","contributorId":195345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hudson-Edwards","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walker, Stephen R.","contributorId":195350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ward, Seamus A.","contributorId":168896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Seamus","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Santini, Joanne M.","contributorId":168895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santini","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70189133,"text":"70189133 - 2010 - Productivity, embryo and eggshell characteristics, and contaminants in bald eagles from the Great Lakes, USA, 1986 to 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T15:58:45","indexId":"70189133","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Productivity, embryo and eggshell characteristics, and contaminants in bald eagles from the Great Lakes, USA, 1986 to 2000","docAbstract":"<p><span>Chlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations in eggs of fish-eating birds from contaminated environments such as the Great Lakes of North America tend to be highly intercorrelated, making it difficult to elucidate mechanisms causing reproductive impairment, and to ascribe cause to specific chemicals. An information- theoretic approach was used on data from 197 salvaged bald eagle (</span><i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i><span>) eggs (159 clutches) that failed to hatch in Michigan and Ohio, USA (1986–2000). Contaminant levels declined over time while eggshell thickness increased, and by 2000 was at pre-1946 levels. The number of occupied territories and productivity increased during 1981 to 2004. For both the entire dataset and a subset of nests along the Great Lakes shoreline, polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs, fresh wet wt) were generally included in the most parsimonious models (lowest-Akaike's information criterion [AICs]) describing productivity, with significant declines in productivity observed above 26 µg/g ΣPCBs (fresh wet wt). Of 73 eggs with a visible embryo, eight (11%) were abnormal, including three with skewed bills, but they were not associated with known teratogens, including ΣPCBs. Eggs with visible embryos had greater concentrations of all measured contaminants than eggs without visible embryos; the most parsimonious models describing the presence of visible embryos incorporated dieldrin equivalents and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE). There were significant negative correlations between eggshell thickness and all contaminants, with ΣPCBs included in the most parsimonious models. There were, however, no relationships between productivity and eggshell thickness or Ratcliffe's index. The ΣPCBs and DDE were negatively associated with nest success of bald eagles in the Great Lakes watersheds, but the mechanism does not appear to be via shell quality effects, at least at current contaminant levels, while it is not clear what other mechanisms were involved.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.195","usgsCitation":"Best, D.A., Elliott, K., Bowerman, W., Shieldcastle, M.C., Postupalsky, S., Kubiak, T.J., Tillitt, D.E., and Elliott, J., 2010, Productivity, embryo and eggshell characteristics, and contaminants in bald eagles from the Great Lakes, USA, 1986 to 2000: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 29, no. 7, p. 1581-1592, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.195.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1581","endPage":"1592","ipdsId":"IP-007522","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.195","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              40.04443758460856\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.69482421875,\n              40.04443758460856\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.69482421875,\n              48.09275716032736\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              48.09275716032736\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              40.04443758460856\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5957635ae4b0d1f9f051b6c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Best, David A.","contributorId":194063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Best","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Kyle","contributorId":95347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowerman, William","contributorId":175392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowerman","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shieldcastle, Mark C.","contributorId":189699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shieldcastle","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Postupalsky, Sergej","contributorId":194064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Postupalsky","given":"Sergej","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kubiak, Timothy J.","contributorId":74447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubiak","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Elliott, John E.","contributorId":169675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"John E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":98450,"text":"sir20105116 - 2010 - Chemical Constituents in Groundwater from Multiple Zones in the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2005-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20105116","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5116","title":"Chemical Constituents in Groundwater from Multiple Zones in the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2005-08","docAbstract":"From 2005 to 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey's Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Project office, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, collected water-quality samples from multiple water-bearing zones in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer. Water samples were collected from six monitoring wells completed in about 350-700 feet of the upper part of the aquifer, and the samples were analyzed for major ions, selected trace elements, nutrients, selected radiochemical constituents, and selected stable isotopes. Each well was equipped with a multilevel monitoring system containing four to seven sampling ports that were each isolated by permanent packer systems. The sampling ports were installed in aquifer zones that were highly transmissive and that represented the water chemistry of the top four to five model layers of a steady-state and transient groundwater-flow model. The model's water chemistry and particle-tracking simulations are being used to better define movement of wastewater constituents in the aquifer.\r\n\r\nThe results of the water chemistry analyses indicated that, in each of four separate wells, one zone of water differed markedly from the other zones in the well. In four wells, one zone to as many as five zones contained radiochemical constituents that originated from wastewater disposal at selected laboratory facilities. The multilevel sampling systems are defining the vertical distribution of wastewater constituents in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer and the concentrations of wastewater constituents in deeper zones in wells Middle 2051, USGS 132, and USGS 103 support the concept of groundwater flow deepening in the southwestern part of the INL.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, DOE/ID-22211","usgsCitation":"Bartholomay, R.C., and Twining, B.V., 2010, Chemical Constituents in Groundwater from Multiple Zones in the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2005-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5116, viii, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105116.","productDescription":"viii, 81 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5116.jpg"},{"id":13717,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,43 ], [ -114,44.25 ], [ -112,44.25 ], [ -112,43 ], [ -114,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4bc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twining, Brian V. 0000-0003-1321-4721 btwining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-4721","contributorId":2387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twining","given":"Brian","email":"btwining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98451,"text":"sir20105064 - 2010 - Land Disturbance Associated with Oil and Gas Development and Effects of Development-Related Land Disturbance on Dissolved-Solids Loads in Streams in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1991, 2007, and 2025","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T10:47:16","indexId":"sir20105064","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5064","title":"Land Disturbance Associated with Oil and Gas Development and Effects of Development-Related Land Disturbance on Dissolved-Solids Loads in Streams in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1991, 2007, and 2025","docAbstract":"Oil and gas resource development in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) has increased substantially since the year 2000. The UCRB encompasses several significant oil and gas producing areas that have the potential for continued oil and gas resource development. Land disturbance associated with oil and gas resource development is caused by activities related to constructing drill pads to contain drilling and well maintenance equipment and roads to access the drill pad. Land disturbed by oil and gas development has the potential to cause increased erosion, stream degradation, habitat fragmentation and alteration, and increase public use of areas that may be environmentally sensitive. Land disturbance resulting from oil and gas resource development has not been monitored and mapped on a regional scale in the UCRB. However, information on the location and age of oil and gas wells in the UCRB is available. These data combined with geographic data analysis and modeling techniques were used to estimate the total area of disturbed land associated with oil and gas resource development in 1991 and in 2007 in the UCRB. Additional information about anticipated oil and gas development in the UCRB was used to project land disturbance to the year 2025. Results of the analysis indicate that approximately 117,500 acres (183 mi2) of total land disturbance was associated with drill pads and related roads in the UCRB in 1991. The estimated area of disturbed land associated with oil and gas development increased 53 percent to 179,400 acres (280 mi2) in 2007. Projecting oil and gas development through 2025 results in a potential near doubling of the land surface disturbance to approximately 319,300 acres (500 mi2).\r\n\r\nEstimated land disturbance for 1991 and 2007 were input to a contaminant transport model developed for the UCRB to assess the statistical significance of energy-related land disturbance to contributing dissolved solids to basin streams. The statistical assessment was an observational study based on an existing model and available water-quality monitoring data for the basin. No new data were collected for the analysis. The source coefficient calibrated for the disturbed lands associated with oil and gas development in 2007 was zero, which indicated that estimated land disturbance from oil and gas development is not statistically significant in explaining dissolved solids in UCRB streams. The lack of significance in the contaminant transport modeling framework may be due to the amount of available monitoring data, the spatial distribution of monitoring sites with respect to land disturbance, or the overall quantity of land disturbance associated with oil and gas development basin wide. Finally, dissolved-solids loads derived from natural landscapes may be similar to loads derived from lands disturbed by oil and gas resource development. The model recalibration done for this study confirms calibration results from Kenney and others (2009): the most significant contributor to dissolved solids in the UCRB is irrigated agricultural land, which covers an area substantially larger than the estimated area disturbed by oil and gas development and is subjected to artificially applied water.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureaus of Land Management and Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Buto, S.G., Kenney, T.A., and Gerner, S.J., 2010, Land Disturbance Associated with Oil and Gas Development and Effects of Development-Related Land Disturbance on Dissolved-Solids Loads in Streams in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1991, 2007, and 2025: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5064, viii, 35 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105064.","productDescription":"viii, 35 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5064.jpg"},{"id":13718,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5064/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,35 ], [ -114,43 ], [ -105,43 ], [ -105,35 ], [ -114,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af456","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buto, Susan G. 0000-0002-1107-9549 sbuto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9549","contributorId":1057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buto","given":"Susan","email":"sbuto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenney, Terry A. 0000-0003-4477-7295 tkenney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4477-7295","contributorId":447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenney","given":"Terry","email":"tkenney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerner, Steven J. 0000-0002-5701-1304 sjgerner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-1304","contributorId":972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"Steven","email":"sjgerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98453,"text":"ofr20101110 - 2010 - Gas, oil, and water production from Grand Valley, Parachute, Rulison, and Mamm Creek fields in the Piceance Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T20:40:55.334098","indexId":"ofr20101110","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1110","title":"Gas, oil, and water production from Grand Valley, Parachute, Rulison, and Mamm Creek fields in the Piceance Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Gas, oil, and water production data for tight gas reservoirs were compiled from selected wells in western Colorado. These reservoir rocks—the relatively shallow Paleogene Wasatch G sandstone interval in the Parachute and Rulison fields and fluvial sandstones in the deeper Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group in the Grand Valley, Parachute, Rulison, and Mamm Creek fields—are characterized by low permeability, low porosity, and the presence of clay minerals in pore space. Production from each well is represented by two samples spaced five years apart, the first sample typically taken two years after production commenced, which was generally in the 1990s. For each producing interval, summary diagrams of oil-versus-gas and water-versus-gas production show fluid production rates, the change in rates during five years, the water-gas and oil-gas ratios, and the fluid type. These diagrams permit well-to-well and field-to-field comparisons. Fields producing water at low rates (water dissolved in gas in the reservoir) can be distinguished from fields producing water at moderate or high rates, and the water-gas ratios are quantified.</p><p>Dry gas is produced from the Wasatch G interval and wet gas is produced from the Mesaverde Group. Production from the Wasatch G interval is also almost completely free of water, but water production commences with gas production in wells producing from the Mesaverde Group—all of these wells have water-gas ratios exceeding the amount that could exist dissolved in gas at reservoir temperature and pressure. The lack of produced water from the Wasatch G interval is attributed to expansion of the gas accumulation with uplift and erosion. The reported underpressure of the Wasatch G interval is here attributed to hydraulic connection to the atmosphere by outcrops in the Colorado River valley at an elevation lower than that of the gas fields.</p><p>The amount of reduction of gas production over the five-year time span between the first and second samples is roughly one-half, with median values of second-sample to first-sample gas-production ratios ranging from 0.40 for Rulison-Mesaverde to 0.63 for Rulison-Wasatch G. Commencing with the first sample, the logarithm-of-production rate appears to decline linearly with time in many wells. However, water production is much more erratic as a function of time from an individual well and also from one well to the next within a field. Water production can either decrease or increase with time (from the first to the second sample). In this study, slightly more than half the wells producing from the Mesaverde Group show decreases in water production with time. Plots of water decline versus gas decline show little relation between the two, with only the wells in Rulison field displaying some tendency for water and gas to decline proportionately.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101110","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., and Santus, S.L., 2010, Gas, oil, and water production from Grand Valley, Parachute, Rulison, and Mamm Creek fields in the Piceance Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1110, v, 28 p.; 6 Plates: 24.00 × 16.00 inches; 6 Appendices; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101110.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.; 6 Plates: 24.00 × 16.00 inches; 6 Appendices; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1110.jpg"},{"id":404392,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93283.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13720,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Grand Valley, Parachute, Rulison, and Mamm Creek fields, Piceance Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.5208,\n              39.1333\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.3333,\n              39.1333\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.3333,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.5208,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.5208,\n              39.1333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b12fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santus, Stephen L. ssantus@usgs.gov","contributorId":4566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santus","given":"Stephen","email":"ssantus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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