About 1.02 × 106 m3 of chlorinated municipal drinking water was injected into a confined aquifer, 94–137 m below Roseville, California, between December 2005 and April 2006. The water was stored in the aquifer for 438 days, and 2.64 × 106 m3 of water were extracted between July 2007 and February 2008. On the basis of Cl− data, 35% of the injected water was recovered and 65% of the injected water and associated disinfection by-products (DBPs) remained in the aquifer at the end of extraction. About 46.3 kg of total trihalomethanes (TTHM) entered the aquifer with the injected water and 37.6 kg of TTHM were extracted. As much as 44 kg of TTHMs remained in the aquifer at the end of extraction because of incomplete recovery of injected water and formation of THMs within the aquifer by reactions with free-chlorine in the injected water. Well-bore velocity log data collected from the Aquifer Storage Recovery (ASR) well show as much as 60% of the injected water entered the aquifer through a 9 m thick, high-permeability layer within the confined aquifer near the top of the screened interval. Model simulations of ground-water flow near the ASR well indicate that (1) aquifer heterogeneity allowed injected water to move rapidly through the aquifer to nearby monitoring wells, (2) aquifer heterogeneity caused injected water to move further than expected assuming uniform aquifer properties, and (3) physical clogging of high-permeability layers is the probable cause for the observed change in the distribution of borehole flow. Aquifer heterogeneity also enhanced mixing of native anoxic ground water with oxic injected water, promoting removal of THMs primarily through sorption. A 3 to 4-fold reduction in TTHM concentrations was observed in the furthest monitoring well 427 m downgradient from the ASR well, and similar magnitude reductions were observed in depth-dependent water samples collected from the upper part of the screened interval in the ASR well near the end of the extraction phase. Haloacetic acids (HAAs) were completely sorbed or degraded within 10 months of injection.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.04.017","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Petersen, C.E., Glotzbach, K.J., Metzger, L.F., Christensen, A.H., Smith, G.A., O’Leary, D.R., Fram, M.S., Joseph, T., and Shannon, H., 2010, Aquifer Storage Recovery (ASR) of chlorinated municipal drinking water in a confined aquifer: Applied Geochemistry, v. 25, no. 8, p. 1133-1152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.04.017.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1133","endPage":"1152","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382031,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Roseville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.55548095703125,\n 39.081040177486095\n ],\n [\n -121.54449462890625,\n 38.67264490154078\n ],\n [\n -121.43463134765625,\n 38.62116234642254\n ],\n [\n -121.23138427734375,\n 38.76693348394693\n ],\n [\n -121.3275146484375,\n 38.88889501576177\n ],\n [\n -121.39068603515625,\n 38.99997583555929\n ],\n [\n -121.55548095703125,\n 39.081040177486095\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed1be4b0c8380cd49624","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Christen E.","contributorId":17761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Christen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glotzbach, Kenneth J.","contributorId":35873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glotzbach","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Metzger, Loren F. 0000-0003-2454-2966 lmetzger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2454-2966","contributorId":1378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"Loren","email":"lmetzger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christensen, Allen H. 0000-0002-7061-5591 ahchrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-5591","contributorId":1510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Allen","email":"ahchrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Gregory A. 0000-0001-8170-9924 gasmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-9924","contributorId":1520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gregory","email":"gasmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O’Leary, David R. 0000-0001-9888-1739 doleary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9888-1739","contributorId":2143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"David","email":"doleary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Joseph, Trevor","contributorId":97629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"Trevor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shannon, Heather","contributorId":45052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shannon","given":"Heather","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70004064,"text":"70004064 - 2010 - Simulated impacts of artificial groundwater recharge and discharge of the source area and source volume of an Atlantic Coastal Plain Stream, Delaware, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"70004064","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T14:34:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated impacts of artificial groundwater recharge and discharge of the source area and source volume of an Atlantic Coastal Plain Stream, Delaware, USA","docAbstract":"A numerical groundwater-flow model was used to characterize the source area and volume of Phillips Branch, a baseflow-dominated stream incising a highly permeable unconfined aquifer on the low relief Delmarva Peninsula, USA. Particle-tracking analyses indicate that the source area (5.51 km2) is ~20% smaller than the topographically defined watershed (6.85 km2), and recharge entering ~37% of the surface watershed does not discharge to Phillips Branch. Groundwater residence time within the source volume ranges from a few days to almost 100 years, with 95% of the volume \"flushing\" within 50 years. Artificial discharge from groundwater pumping alters the shape of the source area and reduces baseflow due to the interception of stream flow paths, but has limited impacts on the residence time of groundwater discharged as baseflow. In contrast, artificial recharge from land-based wastewater disposal substantially reduces the source area, lowers the range in residence time due to the elimination of older flow paths to the stream, and leads to increased discharge to adjacent surface-water bodies. This research suggests that, in this and similar hydrogeologic settings, the \"watershed\" approach to water-resource management may be limited, particularly where anthropogenic stresses alter the transport of soluble contaminants through highly permeable unconfined aquifers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Kasper, J.W., Denver, J.M., McKenna, T.E., and Ullman, W.J., 2010, Simulated impacts of artificial groundwater recharge and discharge of the source area and source volume of an Atlantic Coastal Plain Stream, Delaware, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 18, no. 8, p. 1855-1866.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1855","endPage":"1866","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21778,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/20256m4261v57154","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Coastal Plain;Delmarva Peninsula","volume":"18","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fb2e4b08c986b3190ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasper, Joshua W.","contributorId":83802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kasper","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denver, Judish M.","contributorId":71840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"Judish","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKenna, Thomas E.","contributorId":80793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ullman, William J.","contributorId":103149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ullman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003405,"text":"70003405 - 2010 - Modeling spatial variation in avian survival and residency probabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:57","indexId":"70003405","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T13:50:03","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling spatial variation in avian survival and residency probabilities","docAbstract":"The importance of understanding spatial variation in processes driving animal population dynamics is widely recognized. Yet little attention has been paid to spatial modeling of vital rates. Here we describe a hierarchical spatial autoregressive model to provide spatially explicit year-specific estimates of apparent survival (phi) and residency (pi) probabilities from capture-recapture data. We apply the model to data collected on a declining bird species, Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), as part of a broad-scale bird-banding network, the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) program. The Wood Thrush analysis showed variability in both phi and pi among years and across space. Spatial heterogeneity in residency probability was particularly striking, suggesting the importance of understanding the role of transients in local populations. We found broad-scale spatial patterning in Wood Thrush phi and pi that lend insight into population trends and can direct conservation and research. The spatial model developed here represents a significant advance over approaches to investigating spatial pattern in vital rates that aggregate data at coarse spatial scales and do not explicitly incorporate spatial information in the model. Further development and application of hierarchical capture-recapture models offers the opportunity to more fully investigate spatiotemporal variation in the processes that drive population changes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/09-0705.1","usgsCitation":"Saracco, J., Royle, J., DeSante, D.F., and Gardner, B., 2010, Modeling spatial variation in avian survival and residency probabilities: Ecology, v. 91, no. 7, p. 1885-1891, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0705.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1885","endPage":"1891","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475557,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0705.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":21680,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-0705.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c2fe4b0c8380cd6fac5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saracco, James F.","contributorId":23680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saracco","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeSante, David F.","contributorId":49065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSante","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gardner, Beth","contributorId":91612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Beth","affiliations":[{"id":13553,"text":"University of Washington-Seattle","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":347167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003943,"text":"70003943 - 2010 - Modeling amphibian energetics, habitat suitability, and movements of western toads, Anaxyrus (=Bufo) boreas, across present and future landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-13T16:28:22.263503","indexId":"70003943","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T12:34:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Modeling amphibian energetics, habitat suitability, and movements of western toads, Anaxyrus (=Bufo) boreas, across present and future landscapes","title":"Modeling amphibian energetics, habitat suitability, and movements of western toads, Anaxyrus (=Bufo) boreas, across present and future landscapes","docAbstract":"Effective conservation of amphibian populations requires the prediction of how amphibians use and move through a landscape. Amphibians are closely coupled to their physical environment. Thus an approach that uses the physiological attributes of amphibians, together with knowledge of their natural history, should be helpful. We used Niche Mapper™ to model the known movements and habitat use patterns of a population of Western toads (Anaxyrus (=Bufo) boreas) occupying forested habitats in southeastern Idaho. Niche Mapper uses first principles of environmental biophysics to combine features of topography, climate, land cover, and animal features to model microclimates and animal physiology and behavior across landscapes. Niche Mapper reproduced core body temperatures (Tc) and evaporation rates of live toads with average errors of 1.6 ± 0.4 °C and 0.8 ± 0.2 g/h, respectively. For four different habitat types, it reproduced similar mid-summer daily temperature patterns as those measured in the field and calculated evaporation rates (g/h) with an average error rate of 7.2 ± 5.5%. Sensitivity analyses indicate these errors do not significantly affect estimates of food consumption or activity. Using Niche Mapper we predicted the daily habitats used by free-ranging toads; our accuracy for female toads was greater than for male toads (74.2 ± 6.8% and 53.6 ± 15.8%, respectively), reflecting the stronger patterns of habitat selection among females. Using these changing to construct a cost surface, we also reconstructed movement paths that were consistent with field observations. The effect of climate warming on toads depends on the interaction of temperature and atmospheric moisture. If climate change occurs as predicted, results from Niche Mapper suggests that climate warming will increase the physiological cost of landscapes thereby limiting the activity for toads in different habitats.
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\"}}]}","volume":"221","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bd2e4b0c8380cd6f818","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartelt, Paul E.","contributorId":18895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartelt","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porter, Warren P.","contributorId":87281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003570,"text":"70003570 - 2010 - Spatially explicit inference for open populations: Estimating demographic parameters from camera-trap studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-18T12:38:42.145805","indexId":"70003570","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T11:36:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially explicit inference for open populations: Estimating demographic parameters from camera-trap studies","docAbstract":"We develop a hierarchical capture–recapture model for demographically open populations when auxiliary spatial information about location of capture is obtained. Such spatial capture–recapture data arise from studies based on camera trapping, DNA sampling, and other situations in which a spatial array of devices records encounters of unique individuals. We integrate an individual‐based formulation of a Jolly‐Seber type model with recently developed spatially explicit capture–recapture models to estimate density and demographic parameters for survival and recruitment. We adopt a Bayesian framework for inference under this model using the method of data augmentation which is implemented in the software program WinBUGS. The model was motivated by a camera trapping study of Pampas cats Leopardus colocolo from Argentina, which we present as an illustration of the model in this paper. We provide estimates of density and the first quantitative assessment of vital rates for the Pampas cat in the High Andes. The precision of these estimates is poor due likely to the sparse data set. Unlike conventional inference methods which usually rely on asymptotic arguments, Bayesian inferences are valid in arbitrary sample sizes, and thus the method is ideal for the study of rare or endangered species for which small data sets are typical.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/09-0804.1","usgsCitation":"Gardner, B., Reppucci, J., Lucherini, M., and Royle, J., 2010, Spatially explicit inference for open populations: Estimating demographic parameters from camera-trap studies: Ecology, v. 91, no. 11, p. 3376-3383, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0804.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3376","endPage":"3383","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0804.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":382188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94c5e4b08c986b31ac39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, Beth","contributorId":91612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Beth","affiliations":[{"id":13553,"text":"University of Washington-Seattle","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":347805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reppucci, Juan","contributorId":24487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reppucci","given":"Juan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucherini, Mauro","contributorId":24488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucherini","given":"Mauro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003763,"text":"70003763 - 2010 - Spatial variability in growth-increment chronologies of long-lived freshwater mussels: Implications for climate impacts and reconstructions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-15T13:07:56.626704","indexId":"70003763","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T11:22:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1474,"text":"Écoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variability in growth-increment chronologies of long-lived freshwater mussels: Implications for climate impacts and reconstructions","docAbstract":"Estimates of historical variability in river ecosystems are often lacking, but long-lived freshwater mussels could provide unique opportunities to understand past conditions in these environments. We applied dendrochronology techniques to quantify historical variability in growth-increment widths in valves (shells) of western pearlshell freshwater mussels (Margaritifera falcata). A total of 3 growth-increment chronologies, spanning 19 to 26 y in length, were developed. Growth was highly synchronous among individuals within each site, and to a lesser extent, chronologies were synchronous among sites. All 3 chronologies negatively related to instrumental records of stream discharge, while correlations with measures of water temperature were consistently positive but weaker. A reconstruction of stream discharge was performed using linear regressions based on a mussel growth chronology and the regional Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Models based on mussel growth and PDSI yielded similar coefficients of prediction (R2Pred) of 0.73 and 0.77, respectively, for predicting out-of-sample observations. From an ecological perspective, we found that mussel chronologies provided a rich source of information for understanding climate impacts. Responses of mussels to changes in climate and stream ecosystems can be very site- and process-specific, underscoring the complex nature of biotic responses to climate change and the need to understand both regional and local processes in projecting climate impacts on freshwater species.
","language":"English","publisher":"University Laval","doi":"10.2980/17-3-3353","usgsCitation":"Black, B.A., Dunham, J., Blundon, B.W., Raggon, M.F., and Zima, D., 2010, Spatial variability in growth-increment chronologies of long-lived freshwater mussels: Implications for climate impacts and reconstructions: Écoscience, v. 17, no. 3, p. 240-250, https://doi.org/10.2980/17-3-3353.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"240","endPage":"250","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94b0e4b08c986b31abf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Black, Bryan A.","contributorId":68448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Black","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":348759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B.","contributorId":64791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blundon, Brett W.","contributorId":26805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blundon","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":348756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raggon, Mark F.","contributorId":74499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raggon","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zima, Daniela","contributorId":27994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zima","given":"Daniela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70004682,"text":"70004682 - 2010 - Spatial dynamics of bar-headed geese migration in the context of H5N1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T16:46:55","indexId":"70004682","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T09:20:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2567,"text":"Journal of the Royal Society Interface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial dynamics of bar-headed geese migration in the context of H5N1","docAbstract":"Virulent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) since 2005 have raised the question about the roles of migratory and wild birds in the transmission of HPAI. Despite increased monitoring, the role of wild waterfowl as the primary source of the highly pathogenic H5N1 has not been clearly established. The impact of outbreaks of HPAI among species of wild birds which are already endangered can nevertheless have devastating consequences for the local and non-local ecology where migratory species are established. Understanding the entangled dynamics of migration and the disease dynamics will be key to prevention and control measures for humans, migratory birds and poultry. Here, we present a spatial dynamic model of seasonal migration derived from first principles and linking the local dynamics during migratory stopovers to the larger scale migratory routes. We discuss the effect of repeated epizootic at specific migratory stopovers for bar-headed geese (Anser indicus). We find that repeated deadly outbreaks of H5N1 on stopovers during the autumn migration of bar-headed geese could lead to a larger reduction in the size of the equilibrium bird population compared with that obtained after repeated outbreaks during the spring migration. However, the opposite is true during the first few years of transition to such an equilibrium. The age-maturation process of juvenile birds which are more susceptible to H5N1 reinforces this result.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Royal Society Interface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society Publishing","publisherLocation":"London, England","usgsCitation":"Bourouiba, L., Wu, J., Newman, S., Takekawa, J.Y., Natdorj, T., Batbayar, N., Bishop, C., Hawkes, L., Butler, P., and Wikelski, M., 2010, Spatial dynamics of bar-headed geese migration in the context of H5N1: Journal of the Royal Society Interface, v. 7, no. 52, p. 1627-1639.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1627","endPage":"1639","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21912,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/7/52/1627.short","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"7","issue":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9474e4b08c986b31aac7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bourouiba, L.","contributorId":98870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourouiba","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, Jianhong","contributorId":92413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Jianhong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newman, S.","contributorId":7678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Natdorj, T.","contributorId":58763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Natdorj","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Batbayar, N.","contributorId":47074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batbayar","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bishop, C.M.","contributorId":31103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hawkes, L.A.","contributorId":59551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkes","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Butler, P.J.","contributorId":55142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wikelski, M.","contributorId":95188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wikelski","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70006107,"text":"ofr20091275 - 2010 - Groundwater conditions and studies in the Brunswick–Glynn County area, Georgia, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T13:26:41","indexId":"ofr20091275","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1275","title":"Groundwater conditions and studies in the Brunswick–Glynn County area, Georgia, 2008","docAbstract":"The Upper Floridan aquifer is contaminated with saltwater in a 2-square-mile area of downtown Brunswick, Georgia. This contamination has limited development of the groundwater supply in the Glynn County area. Hydrologic, geologic, and water-quality data are needed to effectively manage water resources. Since 1959, the U.S. Geological Survey has conducted a cooperative water program with the City of Brunswick to monitor and assess the effect of groundwater development on saltwater contamination of the Floridan aquifer system. During calendar year 2008, the cooperative water program included continuous water-level recording of 12 wells completed in the Floridan, Brunswick, and surficial aquifer systems; collecting water levels from 21 wells to map the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer during July 2008; and collecting and analyzing water samples from 26 wells to map chloride concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer during July 2008. Equipment was installed on 3 wells for real-time water level and specific conductance monitoring. In addition, work was continued to refine an existing groundwater-flow model for evaluation of water-management scenarios.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091275","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Brunswick and Glynn County","usgsCitation":"Cherry, G.S., Peck, M., Painter, J.A., and Stayton, W.L., 2010, Groundwater conditions and studies in the Brunswick–Glynn County area, Georgia, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1275, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091275.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"60","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1275.jpg"},{"id":110960,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1275/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Glynn County","city":"Brunswick","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.87973022460938,\n 30.85625820510563\n ],\n [\n -81.87973022460938,\n 31.399363152588798\n ],\n [\n -81.15188598632812,\n 31.399363152588798\n ],\n [\n -81.15188598632812,\n 30.85625820510563\n ],\n [\n -81.87973022460938,\n 30.85625820510563\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db64140b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherry, Gregory S. 0000-0002-5567-1587 gccherry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-1587","contributorId":1567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"Gregory","email":"gccherry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peck, Michael F. mfpeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Michael F.","email":"mfpeck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stayton, Welby L.","contributorId":19573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stayton","given":"Welby","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003707,"text":"70003707 - 2010 - Scale-dependent associations of Band-tailed Pigeon counts at mineral sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:58","indexId":"70003707","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2901,"text":"Northwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scale-dependent associations of Band-tailed Pigeon counts at mineral sites","docAbstract":"The abundance of Band-tailed Pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata monilis) has declined substantially from historic numbers along the Pacific Coast. Identification of patterns and causative factors of this decline are hampered because habitat use data are limited, and temporal and spatial variability patterns associated with population indices are not known. Furthermore, counts are influenced not only by pigeon abundance but also by rate of visitation to mineral sites, which may not be consistent. To address these issues, we conducted mineral site counts during 2001 and 2002 at 20 locations from 4 regions in the Pacific Northwest, including central Oregon and western Washington, USA, and British Columbia, Canada. We developed inference models that consisted of environmental factors and spatial characteristics at multiple spatial scales. Based on information theory, we compared models within a final set that included variables measured at 3 spatial scales (0.03 ha, 3.14 ha, and 7850 ha). Pigeon counts increased from central Oregon through northern Oregon and decreased into British Columbia. After accounting for this spatial pattern, we found that pigeon counts increased 12% ± 2.7 with a 10% increase in the amount of deciduous forested area within 100 m from a mineral site. Also, distance from the mineral site of interest to the nearest known mineral site was positively related to pigeon counts. These findings provide direction for future research focusing on understanding the relationships between indices of relative abundance and complete counts (censuses) of pigeon populations by identifying habitat characteristics that might influence visitation rates. Furthermore, our results suggest that spatial arrangement of mineral sites influences Band-tailed Pigeon counts and the populations which those counts represent.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology","publisherLocation":"Olympia, WA","usgsCitation":"Overton, C.T., Casazza, M.L., and Coates, P.S., 2010, Scale-dependent associations of Band-tailed Pigeon counts at mineral sites: Northwestern Naturalist, v. 91, no. 3, p. 299-308.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"308","numberOfPages":"10","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":21734,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1898/NWN09-34.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States;Canada","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Northwest","volume":"91","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdcb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Overton, Cory T. 0000-0002-5060-7447 coverton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-7447","contributorId":3262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"Cory","email":"coverton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006094,"text":"sir20105244 - 2010 - Analysis and simulation of water-level, specific conductance, and total phosphorus dynamics of the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, 1995-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sir20105244","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5244","title":"Analysis and simulation of water-level, specific conductance, and total phosphorus dynamics of the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, 1995-2006","docAbstract":"The Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee Wildlife Refuge (Refuge) was established in 1951 through a license agreement between the South Florida Water Management District and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) as part of the Migratory Bird Conservation Act. Under the license agreement, the State of Florida owns the land of the Refuge and the USFWS manages the land. Fifty-seven miles of levees and borrow canals surround the Refuge. Water in the canals surrounding the marsh is controlled by inflows and outflows through control structures. The transport of canal water with higher specific conductance and nutrient concentrations to the interior marsh has the potential to alter critical ecosystem functions of the marsh.\nData-mining techniques were applied to 12 years (1995-2006) of historical data to systematically synthesize and analyze the dataset to enhance the understanding of the hydrology and water quality of the Refuge. From the analysis, empirical models, including artificial neural network (ANN) models, were developed to answer critical questions related to the relative effects of controlled releases, precipitation, and meteorological forcing on water levels, specific conductance, and phosphorous concentrations of the interior marsh. Data mining is a powerful tool for converting large databases into information to solve complex problems resulting from large numbers of explanatory variables or poorly understood process physics. For the application of the linear regression and ANN models to the Refuge, data-mining methods were applied to maximize the information content in the raw data. Signal processing techniques used in the data analysis and model development included signal decomposition, digital filtering, time derivatives, time delays, and running averages. Inputs to the empirical models included time series, or signals, of inflows and outflows from the control structures, precipitation, and evapotranspiration. For a complex hydrologic system like the Refuge, the statistical accuracy of the models and predictive capability were good. The water-level models have coefficient of determination (R2 values ranging from 0.90 to 0.98. The R2 for the specific conductance model is 0.82, and the R2 for the total phosphorus model is 0.51. The accuracy of the models was attributable to the quantity and quality of the available data.\nTo make the models directly available to all stakeholders, an easy-to-use decision support system (DSS) called the Loxahatchee Artificial Neural Network Model (LOXANN) DSS was developed as a spreadsheet application that integrates the historical database, linear regression and ANN models, model controls, streaming graphics, and model output. The LOXANN DSS allows Refuge managers and other users to easily execute the water level, specific conductance, and phosphorous models to evaluate various water-resource management scenarios. The user is able to choose from three options in setting the control-structure flows: as a percentage of historical flow, as a constant flow, or as a user-defined hydrograph. Output from the LOXANN DSS includes tabular time series of predictions of the measured data and predictions of the user-specified conditions. A three-dimensional visualization routine also was developed that displays longitudinal specific conductance conditions.\nTwo scenarios were simulated with the LOXANN DSS. One scenario increased the historical flows at four control structures by 40 percent. The second scenario used a user-defined hydrograph to set the outflow from the Refuge to the weekly average inflow to the Refuge delayed by 2 days. Both scenarios decreased the potential of canal water intruding into the marsh by decreasing the slope of the water level between the canals and the marsh.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105244","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., and Roehl, E.A., 2010, Analysis and simulation of water-level, specific conductance, and total phosphorus dynamics of the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, 1995-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5244, viii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105244.","productDescription":"viii, 42 p.","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5244.jpg"},{"id":110948,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5244/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Florida","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaf7e4b0c8380cd48b24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A. Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003372,"text":"70003372 - 2010 - Saltwater intrusion in coastal regions of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-20T07:52:09","indexId":"70003372","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saltwater intrusion in coastal regions of North America","docAbstract":"Saltwater has intruded into many of the coastal aquifers of the United States, Mexico, and Canada, but the extent of saltwater intrusion varies widely among localities and hydrogeologic settings. In many instances, the area contaminated by saltwater is limited to small parts of an aquifer and to specific wells and has had little or no effect on overall groundwater supplies; in other instances, saltwater contamination is of regional extent and has resulted in the closure of many groundwater supply wells. The variability of hydrogeologic settings, three-dimensional distribution of saline water, and history of groundwater withdrawals and freshwater drainage has resulted in a variety of modes of saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers. These include lateral intrusion from the ocean; upward intrusion from deeper, more saline zones of a groundwater system; and downward intrusion from coastal waters. Saltwater contamination also has occurred along open boreholes and within abandoned, improperly constructed, or corroded wells that provide pathways for vertical migration across interconnected aquifers. Communities within the coastal regions of North America are taking actions to manage and prevent saltwater intrusion to ensure a sustainable source of groundwater for the future. These actions can be grouped broadly into scientific monitoring and assessment, engineering techniques, and regulatory approaches.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-009-0514-3","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P.M., and Reichard, E.G., 2010, Saltwater intrusion in coastal regions of North America: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 18, no. 1, p. 247-260, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-009-0514-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdebf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reichard, Eric G. 0000-0002-7310-3866 egreich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-3866","contributorId":1207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichard","given":"Eric","email":"egreich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":347044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006089,"text":"sir20105206 - 2010 - Occurrence and distribution of organic chemicals and nutrients and comparison of water-quality data from public drinking-water supplies in the Columbia aquifer in Delaware, 2000-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T12:40:21.808021","indexId":"sir20105206","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5206","title":"Occurrence and distribution of organic chemicals and nutrients and comparison of water-quality data from public drinking-water supplies in the Columbia aquifer in Delaware, 2000-08","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control and the Delaware Geological Survey, conducted a groundwater-quality investigation to (a) describe the occurrence and distribution of selected contaminants, and (b) document any changes in groundwater quality in the Columbia aquifer public water-supply wells in the Coastal Plain in Delaware between 2000 and 2008. Thirty public water-supply wells located throughout the Columbia aquifer of the Delaware Coastal Plain were sampled from August through November of 2008. Twenty-two of the wells in the sampling network for this project were previously sampled in 2000. Eight new wells were selected to replace wells no longer in use. Groundwater collected from the wells was analyzed for the occurrence and distribution of selected pesticides, pesticide degradates, volatile organic compounds, nutrients, and major inorganic ions. Nine of the wells were analyzed for radioactive elements (radium-226, radium-228, and radon). Groundwater-quality data were compared for sites sampled in both 2000 and 2008 to document any changes in water quality. One or more pesticides were detected in samples from 29 of the 30 wells. There were no significant differences in pesticide and pesticide degradate concentrations and similar compounds were detected when comparing sampling results from 2000 and 2008. Pesticide and pesticide degradate concentrations were generally less than 1 microgram per liter. Twenty-four compounds, 14 pesticides, and 10 pesticide degradates were detected in at least one sample; the pesticide degradates, metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid, deethylatrazine, and alachlor ethanesulfonic acid were the most frequently detected compounds, each found in more than 50 percent of samples. Almost 80 percent of the detected pesticides were agricultural herbicides, which reflects the prevalence and wide distribution of agriculture in sampled areas, as well the dominance of agricultural pesticides among the target analytes for this study. No concentration of a pesticide or pesticide degradate exceeded any regulatory standard. Dieldrin, an insecticide that has been banned for several decades, was detected at a concentration that exceeded a non-regulatory health-based screening level of 0.002 micrograms per liter at nine sites. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were generally detected at concentrations of less than 1 microgram per liter, although 7 of the 31 detected VOCs had concentrations greater than 1 microgram per liter. There were no significant differences in VOC concentrations from 2000 to 2008; however, among the resampled wells, the mean number of VOCs detected per well was significantly different over the 8-year period. The number of VOCs detected per well decreased in 73 percent of the resampled wells; the decrease ranged from one to eight fewer detections in 2008 than in 2000. Chloroform and methyl tert-butyl ether were the most frequently detected VOCs, at 90 percent and 63 percent, respectively, among the 30 wells. Solvents were the most frequently detected class of VOCs. All measured concentrations of VOCs in groundwater were below established standards for drinking water and below other health-based guidelines. There were no significant differences in nutrient or major-ion concentrations between 2000 and 2008, however, the medians of two field measurements, pH and dissolved oxygen, were significantly higher in 2008 than in 2000 in the resampled wells. Although pH and dissolved oxygen were higher, water was still acidic and predominantly oxic. Nitrate was the predominant nutrient species in the Columbia aquifer, with a 90-percent detection frequency. The median nitrate concentration in groundwater was 4.88 milligrams per liter, which was slightly lower than, but not significantly different from, the median of 5.23 milligrams per liter for the 2000 samples. Concentrations of nitrate exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant Level or Federal drinking-water standard of 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen in samples from two wells. Eight of the 30 wells sampled had iron or manganese concentrations that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level; nine samples exceeded the Health Advisory Limit set by the Delaware Division of Public Health of 20 milligrams per liter for sodium in drinking water. Two radiochemical isotopes, radium-226 and radon-222, were detected in all nine groundwater samples analyzed; five samples had detectable levels of radium-228 activity. None of the samples exceeded the U.S Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant Level for radium or radon in drinking water. Although radioactive elements were more frequently detected in 2008 than in 2000, this increased detection frequency is more likely due to lower detection levels in 2008 than 2000. The average age of groundwater entering the screens of the production wells sampled in 2008 ranged from 6 to 35 years, with a median groundwater age of 22 years. Groundwater age was positively correlated with well depth and negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen. Data from the 22 resampled wells indicate a significant positive difference in the average modeled groundwater-sample-age results. The average groundwater age from samples collected in 2008 was generally 7 years older than the average groundwater age from samples collected in 2000.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105206","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control and the Delaware Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Reyes, B., 2010, Occurrence and distribution of organic chemicals and nutrients and comparison of water-quality data from public drinking-water supplies in the Columbia aquifer in Delaware, 2000-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5206, Report: vii, 37 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105206.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 37 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116710,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5206.gif"},{"id":110946,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5206/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,38.46666666666667 ], [ -76,40 ], [ -74.83333333333333,40 ], [ -74.83333333333333,38.46666666666667 ], [ -76,38.46666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4799e4b07f02db48faba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reyes, Betzaida 0000-0002-1398-0824 breyes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-0824","contributorId":2250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes","given":"Betzaida","email":"breyes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006080,"text":"ofr20101169 - 2010 - Continuous tidal streamflow, water level, and specific conductance data for Union Creek and the Little Back, Middle, and Front Rivers, Savannah River Estuary, November 2008 to March 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T14:15:33","indexId":"ofr20101169","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1169","title":"Continuous tidal streamflow, water level, and specific conductance data for Union Creek and the Little Back, Middle, and Front Rivers, Savannah River Estuary, November 2008 to March 2009","docAbstract":"In the Water Resource Development Act of 1999, the U.S. Congress authorized the deepening of the Savannah Harbor. Additional studies were then identified by the Georgia Ports Authority and other local and regional stakeholders to determine and fully describe the potential environmental effects of deepening the channel. One need that was identified was the validation of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model developed to evaluate mitigation scenarios for a potential harbor deepening and the effects on the Savannah River estuary. The streamflow in the estuary is very complex due to reversing tidal flows, interconnections of streams and tidal creeks, and the daily flooding and draining of the marshes. The model was calibrated using very limited streamflow data and no continuous streamflow measurements. To better characterize the streamflow dynamics and mass transport of the estuary, two index-velocity sites were instrumented with continuous acoustic velocity, water level, and specific conductance sensors on the Little Back and Middle Rivers for the 5-month period of November 2008 through March 2009. During the same period, a third acoustic velocity meter was installed on the Front River just downstream from U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging station 02198920 (Savannah River at GA 25, at Port Wentworth, Georgia) where water level and specific conductance data were being collected. A fourth index-velocity site was instrumented with continuous acoustic velocity, water level, and specific conductance sensors on Union Creek for a 2-month period starting in November 2008. In addition to monitoring the tidal cycles, streamflow measurements were made at the four index-velocity sites to develop ratings to compute continuous discharge for each site. The maximum flood (incoming) and ebb (outgoing) tides measured on Little Back River were –4,570 and 7,990 cubic feet per second, respectively. On Middle River, the maximum flood and ebb tides measured were –9,630 and 13,600 cubic feet per second, respectively. On Front River, the maximum flood and ebb tides were –34,500 and 43,700 cubic feet per second, respectively; and on Union Creek, the maximum flood and ebb tides were –2,390 and 4,610 cubic feet per second, respectively. During the 5-month instrumentation deployment, computed tidal streamflows on Little Back River ranged from –7,820 to 9,600 cubic feet per second for the flood and ebb tides, respectively. On Middle River, the computed tidal streamflows ranged from –17,500 to 22,500 cubic feet per second for the flood and ebb tides, respectively. The computed tidal streamflows on Front River ranged from –78,900 to 87,200 cubic feet per second, and from –3,850 to 6,130 cubic feet per second on Union Creek for the flood and ebb tides, respectively. The streamgages on the Little Back, Middle, and Front Rivers have continued in operation following the initial 5-month deployment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101169","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Lanier, T.H., and Conrads, P., 2010, Continuous tidal streamflow, water level, and specific conductance data for Union Creek and the Little Back, Middle, and Front Rivers, Savannah River Estuary, November 2008 to March 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1169, vi, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101169.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"31","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-11-01","temporalEnd":"2009-03-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1169.jpg"},{"id":110937,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1169/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Front River, Little Back River, Middle River, Savannah River Estuary, Union Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.43341064453125,\n 31.868227816180674\n ],\n [\n -81.43341064453125,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -80.79071044921875,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -80.79071044921875,\n 31.868227816180674\n ],\n [\n -81.43341064453125,\n 31.868227816180674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4799e4b07f02db48fbbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanier, Timothy H. 0000-0001-5104-3308 thlanier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5104-3308","contributorId":4171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanier","given":"Timothy","email":"thlanier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006085,"text":"sir20105084 - 2010 - Aquatic assessment of the Ely Copper Mine Superfund site, Vershire, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-08T12:38:35","indexId":"sir20105084","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5084","title":"Aquatic assessment of the Ely Copper Mine Superfund site, Vershire, Vermont","docAbstract":"The Ely Mine, which operated from 1821 to 1905, and its area of downstream impact constitute the Ely Copper Mine Superfund site. The site was placed on the National Priorities List in 2001. The mine comprises underground workings, foundations from historical structures, several waste-rock piles, roast beds associated with the smelting operation, and slag piles resulting from the smelting. The mine site is drained by Ely Brook, which includes several tributaries, one of which drains a series of six ponds. Ely Brook empties into Schoolhouse Brook, which flows 3.3 kilometers and joins the Ompompanoosuc River.\nThe aquatic ecosystem at the site was assessed using a variety of approaches that investigated surface-water quality, sediment quality, and various ecological indicators of stream-ecosystem health. The degradation of surface-water quality is dominated by copper with localized effects caused by iron, aluminum, cadmium, and zinc. Chronic water-quality criteria for copper are exceeded in the surface water of four of the six ponds on the Ely Brook tributary, and all of Ely Brook and Schoolhouse Brook, and of the Ompompanoosuc River downstream of the confluence with Schoolhouse Brook. Comparison of hardness-based and Biotic Ligand Model-based water-quality criteria for copper yields similar results with respect to extent of impairment. However, the Biotic Ligand Model criteria are mostly lower than the hardness-based criteria and thus suggest a greater degree of impairment, particularly in the Ely Brook watershed, where dissolved organic carbon concentrations and pH values are lower. Surface-water toxicity testing correlates strongly with the extent of impact. Likewise, riffle-habitat benthic invertebrate richness and abundance data support these results through the stream environment. Similarly, the index of biotic integrity for the fish community in Schoolhouse Brook and the Ompompanoosuc River document degraded habitats throughout Schoolhouse Brook from Ely Brook down to the Ompompanoosuc River.\nThe sediment environment shows similar extents of impairment also dominated by copper, although localized degradation due to chromium, nickel, lead, and zinc was documented on the basis of probable effects concentrations. In contrast, equilibrium-partitioning sediment benchmarks indicate no toxic effects would be expected in sediments at the reference sites, and uncertain toxic effects throughout Ely Brook and Schoolhouse Brook, except for the reference sites and site EB-600M. The results for site EB-600M indicate predicted toxic effects. Acute toxicity testing of in situ pore waters using Hyalella azteca indicates severe impacts in Ely Brook reaching 100 percent lethality at site EB-90M. Acute toxicity testing of in situ pore waters using Chironomus dilutus shows similar, but not as severe, toxicity. Neither set of in situ pore-water toxicity tests showed significant impairment in Schoolhouse Brook or the Ompompanoosuc River. Chronic sediment toxicity testing using Hyalella azteca indicated significant toxicity in Ely Brook, except at site EB-90M, and in Schoolhouse Brook. The low toxicity of EB-90M may be a reflection of the low lability of copper in that sediment as indicated by a low proportion of extractable copper (1.1 percent). Depositional-targeted habitat invertebrate richness and abundance data support these conclusions for the entire watershed, as do the index of biotic integrity data from the fish community.\nThe information was used to develop an overall assessment of the impact on the aquatic system that appears to be a result of the acid rock drainage at the Ely Mine. More than 700 meters of Ely Brook, including two of the six ponds, were found to be severely impacted, on the basis of water-quality data and biological assessments. The reference location was of good quality based on the water quality and biological assessment. More than 3,125 meters of Schoolhouse Brook are also severely impacted, on the basis of water-quality data and biological assessments. The biological community begins to recover near the confluence with the Ompompanoosuc River. The evidence is less conclusive regarding the Ompompanoosuc River. The sediment data suggest that the sediments could be a source of toxicity in Ely Brook and Schoolhouse Brook. The surface-water assessment is consistent with the outcome of a surface-water toxicity testing program performed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for Ely Brook and Schoolhouse Brook and a surface-water toxicity testing program and in situ amphibian testing program for the ponds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105084","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Seal, R., Kiah, R.G., Piatak, N., Besser, J.M., Coles, J.F., Hammarstrom, J.M., Argue, D.M., Levitan, D.M., Deacon, J.R., and Ingersoll, C.G., 2010, Aquatic assessment of the Ely Copper Mine Superfund site, Vershire, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5084, xiv, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105084.","productDescription":"xiv, 76 p.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5084.jpg"},{"id":110943,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5084/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Vermont","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4783e4b07f02db483774","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiah, Richard G. 0000-0001-6236-2507 rkiah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6236-2507","contributorId":2637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiah","given":"Richard","email":"rkiah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M.","contributorId":23621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Besser, John M. 0000-0002-9464-2244 jbesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-2244","contributorId":2073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"John","email":"jbesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coles, James F. 0000-0002-1953-012X jcoles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-012X","contributorId":2239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coles","given":"James","email":"jcoles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane M. 0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Argue, Denise M. 0000-0002-1096-5362 dmargue@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-5362","contributorId":2636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argue","given":"Denise","email":"dmargue@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Levitan, Denise M.","contributorId":77798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levitan","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Deacon, Jeffrey R. 0000-0001-5793-6940 jrdeacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-6940","contributorId":2786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deacon","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrdeacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70006087,"text":"sir20105099 - 2010 - Nitrate-N movement in groundwater from the land application of treated municipal wastewater and other sources in the Wakulla Springs springshed, Leon and Wakulla Counties, Florida, 1966-2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"sir20105099","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5099","title":"Nitrate-N movement in groundwater from the land application of treated municipal wastewater and other sources in the Wakulla Springs springshed, Leon and Wakulla Counties, Florida, 1966-2018","docAbstract":"The City of Tallahassee began a pilot study in 1966 at the Southwest Farm sprayfield to determine whether disposal of treated municipal wastewater using center pivot irrigation techniques to uptake nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate-N) is feasible. Based on the early success of this project, a new, larger Southeast Farm sprayfield was opened in November 1980. However, a recent 2002 study indicated that nitrate-N from these operations may be moving through the Upper Floridan aquifer to Wakulla Springs, thus causing nitrate-N concentrations to increase in the spring water. The increase in nitrate-N combined with the generally clear spring water and abundant sunshine may be encouraging invasive plant species growth. Determining the link between the nitrate-N application at the sprayfields and increased nitrate-N levels is complicated because there are other sources of nitrate-N in the Wakulla Springs springshed, including atmospheric deposition, onsite sewage disposal systems, disposal of biosolids by land spreading, creeks discharging into sinks, domestic fertilizer application, and livestock wastes.\nGroundwater flow and fate and transport modeling were conducted to simulate the effect of all of the nitrate-N sources on Wakulla Springs from January 1, 1966, through December 31, 2018. The total simulated nitrate-N load to Wakulla Springs in 1967 was a relatively modest 69,000 kilograms per year (kg/yr). The major sources of the nitrate-N load in 1967 were determined to be:\n1. Inflow to the study area across the lateral model boundaries at 31,000 kg/yr (45 percent),\n2. Biosolids disposal by land spreading at 14,000 kg/yr (20 percent),\n3. Creeks discharging into sinks at 7,800 kg/yr (11 percent), and\n4. The Southwest Farm sprayfield at 4,500 kg/yr (7 percent).\nThe total simulated nitrate-N load to Wakulla Springs in 1987 had increased dramatically to 297,000 kg/yr. The major sources of nitrate-N load in 1987 were determined to be:\n1. The Southeast Farm sprayfield at 186,000 kg/yr (63 percent),\n2. Biosolids at 37,000 kg/yr (12 percent), and\n3. Inflow to the study area across the lateral model boundaries at 36,000 at kg/yr (12 percent). All of the other sources were 5 percent or less.\nThe Wakulla Springs discharge can change rapidly, even during periods of little or no rainfall. This rapid change is probably the result of Wakulla Springs intermittently capturing groundwater that has been going to the Spring Creek Springs Group. This spring group is located in a marine estuary and is affected by tidally influenced saltwater intrusion. Two modeling scenarios were simulated and results are presented for 2007 and 2018 in an effort to bracket the range of possible current and future changes in the flow of Wakulla Springs. In scenario 1, it was assumed that Wakulla Springs was not capturing Spring Creek Springs Group flow. In scenario 2, it was assumed that Wakulla Springs was capturing Spring Creek Springs Group flow.\nUnder the assumptions of scenario 1, the total simulated nitrate-N load to Wakulla Springs in 2007 was 207,200 kg/yr. The major sources of nitrate-N load were determined to be:\n1. The Southeast Farm sprayfield at 111,000 kg/yr 53 percent),\n2. Inflow to the study area across the lateral model boundaries at 44,000 at kg/yr (21 percent), and\n3. Onsite sewage disposal systems at 24,000 kg/yr (12 percent).\nAll of the other sources contributed 6 percent or less. Under the assumptions of scenario 2, the total simulated nitrate-N load to Wakulla Springs was 294,000 kg/yr. The major sources of nitrate-N load were determined to be:\n1. The Southeast Farm sprayfield at 111,000 kg/yr (38 percent),\n2. Onsite sewage disposal systems at 56,000 kg/yr (19 percent),\n3. Inflow to the study area across the lateral model boundaries at 52,000 at kg/yr (18 percent), and\n4. Creeks discharging into sinks at 31,000 kg/yr (11 percent).\nAll of the other sources contributed 8 percent or less.\nThe nitrate-N loads to Wakulla Springs from the Southeast Farm sprayfield for scenarios 1 and 2 were both 111,000 kg/yr. These amounts were the same because most of the water from the Southeast Farm sprayfield went into Wakulla Springs in both simulations. In contrast, the nitrate-N loads from onsite sewage disposal systems for scenarios 1 and 2 were 24,000 kg/yr and 56,000 kg/yr, respectively. The additional water captured by Wakulla Springs in scenario 2 came from an area that had a high density of residential and commercial sites using onsite sewage disposal systems\nUnder the assumptions of scenario 1, the total simulated nitrate-N load to Wakulla Springs in 2018 will be 156,000 kg/yr. The major sources of nitrate-N load for scenario 1 are anticipated to be:\n1. Inflow to the study area across the lateral model boundaries at 48,000 at kg/yr (31 percent),\n2. The Southeast Farm sprayfield at 42,000 kg/yr (27 percent),\n3. Onsite sewage disposal systems at 32,000 kg/yr (21 percent), and\n4. Fertilizer at 17,000 kg/yr (11 percent).\nAll of the other sources will contribute 5 percent or less. Under the assumptions of scenario 2, the total simulated nitrate-N load to Wakulla Springs in 2018 will be 266,000 kg/yr. The major sources of nitrate-N load for scenario 2 are anticipated to be:\n1. Onsite sewage disposal systems at 80,000 kg/yr (30 percent),\n2. Inflow to the study area across the lateral model boundaries at 57,000 at kg/yr (21 percent),\n3. The Southeast Farm sprayfield at 43,000 kg/yr (16 percent),\n4. Creeks discharging into sinks at 31,000 kg/yr (12 percent), and\n5. Fertilizer at 32,000 kg/yr (12 percent).\nAll of the other sources will contribute 6 percent or less.\nThe simulated nitrate-N load from the Southeast Farm sprayfield to Wakulla Springs during 2007 through 2018 decreases from 111,000 kg/yr to 42,000 kg/yr in scenario 1 and decreases from 111,000 kg/yr to 43,000 kg/yr in scenario 2. Both scenarios show these decreases because of the simulated planned reduction in the concentration of nitrate-N in the wastewater used for irrigation from approximately 12 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in 2007 to 3 mg/L in 2018. In contrast, the simulated nitrate-N load from onsite sewage disposal systems to Wakulla Springs from 2007 through 2018 increases from 24,000 kg/yr to 32,000 kg/yr in scenario 1, and increases from 56,000 kg/yr to 80,000 kg/yr in scenario 2. Both scenarios show increases respective to the increases in population and residential and commercial sites using onsite sewage disposal systems. In addition, the simulated nitrate-N load to Wakulla Springs from 2007 through 2018 from inflow to the study area across the lateral model boundaries increases from 44,000 kg/yr to 48,000 kg/yr in scenario 1, and increases from 54,000 kg/yr to 57,000 kg/yr in scenario 2. Both scenarios show increases due to increasing nitrate-N levels upgradient in Leon County.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105099","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with City of Tallahassee","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Katz, B.G., and Griffin, D.W., 2010, Nitrate-N movement in groundwater from the land application of treated municipal wastewater and other sources in the Wakulla Springs springshed, Leon and Wakulla Counties, Florida, 1966-2018: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5099, ix, 86 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105099.","productDescription":"ix, 86 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":116709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5099.jpg"},{"id":110945,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5099/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Florida","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e479de4b07f02db491d31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J. Hal","contributorId":53832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J. Hal","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katz, Brian G. bkatz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","email":"bkatz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006075,"text":"ofr20101213 - 2010 - Southeast Regional Assessment Project for the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"ofr20101213","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1213","title":"Southeast Regional Assessment Project for the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The Southeastern United States spans a broad range of physiographic settings and maintains exceptionally high levels of faunal diversity. Unfortunately, many of these ecosystems are increasingly under threat due to rapid human development, and management agencies are increasingly aware of the potential effects that climate change will have on these ecosystems. Natural resource managers and conservation planners can be effective at preserving ecosystems in the face of these stressors only if they can adapt current conservation efforts to increase the overall resilience of the system. Climate change, in particular, challenges many of the basic assumptions used by conservation planners and managers. Previous conservation planning efforts identified and prioritized areas for conservation based on the current environmental conditions, such as habitat quality, and assumed that conditions in conservation lands would be largely controlled by management actions (including no action). Climate change, however, will likely alter important system drivers (temperature, precipitation, and sea-level rise) and make it difficult, if not impossible, to maintain recent historic conditions in conservation lands into the future. Climate change will also influence the future conservation potential of non-conservation lands, further complicating conservation planning. Therefore, there is a need to develop and adapt effective conservation strategies to cope with the effects of climate and landscape change on future environmental conditions. Congress recognized this important issue and authorized the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC; http://nccw.usgs.gov/) in the Fiscal Year 2008. The NCCWSC will produce science that will help resource management agencies anticipate and adapt to climate change impacts to fish, wildlife, and their habitats. With the release of Secretarial Order 3289 on September 14, 2009, the mandate of the NCCWSC was expanded to address climate change-related impacts on all Department of the Interior (DOI) resources. The NCCWSC will establish a network of eight DOI Regional Climate Science Centers (RCSCs) that will work with a variety of partners to provide natural resource managers with tools and information that will help them anticipate and adapt conservation planning and design for projected climate change. The forecasting products produced by the RCSCs will aid fish, wildlife, and land managers in designing suitable adaptive management approaches for their programs. The DOI also is developing Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) as science and conservation action partnerships at subregional scales. The USGS is working with the Southeast Region of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) to develop science collaboration between the future Southeast RCSC and future LCCs. The NCCWSC Southeast Regional Assessment Project (SERAP) will begin to develop regional downscaled climate models, land cover change models, regional ecological models, regional watershed models, and other science tools. Models and data produced by SERAP will be used in a collaborative process between the USGS, the FWS (LCCs), State and federal partners, nongovernmental organizations, and academia to produce science at appropriate scales to answer resource management questions. The SERAP will produce an assessment of climate change, and impacts on land cover, ecosystems, and priority species in the region. The predictive tools developed by the SERAP project team will allow end users to better understand potential impacts of climate change and sea level rise on terrestrial and aquatic populations in the Southeastern United States. The SERAP capitalizes on the integration of five existing projects: (1) the Multi-State Conservation Grants Program project \"Designing Sustainable Landscapes,\" (2) the USGS multidisciplinary Science Thrust project \"Water Availability for Ecological Needs,\" (3) the USGS Southeast Pilot Project \"Climate Change in the Southeastern U.S. and its Impacts on Bird Distributions and Habitats,\" (4) a sea-level rise impacts study envisioned jointly with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and (5) two USGS sea-level rise impact assessment projects that address inundation hazards and provide probabilistic forecasts of coastal geomorphic change. The SERAP will expand on these existing projects and include the following tasks, which were initiated in summer 2009: * Regionally downscaled probabilistic climate-change projections * Integrated coastal assessment * Integrated terrestrial assessment * Multi-resolution assessment of potential climate change effects on biological resources: aquatic and hydrologic dynamics * Optimal conservation strategies to cope with climate change The SERAP seeks to formally integrate these tasks to aid conservation planning and design so that ecosystem management decisions can be optimized for providing desirable outcomes across a range of species and environments. The following chapters detail SERAP's efforts in providing a suite of regional climate, watershed, and landscape-change analyses and develop the interdisciplinary framework required for the biological planning phases of adaptive management and strategic conservation. The planning phase will include the identification of conservation alternatives, development of predictive models and decision support tools, and development of a template to address similar challenges and goals in other regions. The project teams will explore and develop ways to link the various ecological models arising from each component. The SERAP project team also will work closely with members of the LCCs and other partnerships throughout the life of the project to ensure that the objectives of the project meet resources mangers needs in the Southeast.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101213","usgsCitation":"Dalton, M.S., and Jones, S.A., 2010, Southeast Regional Assessment Project for the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1213, v, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101213.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"43","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1213.jpg"},{"id":110938,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States;Canada;Mexico","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52c1e3fce4b0cb5a2f1b26ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalton, Melinda S. 0000-0002-2929-5573 msdalton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-5573","contributorId":267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalton","given":"Melinda","email":"msdalton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Sonya A. 0000-0002-7462-8576 sajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-8576","contributorId":1690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Sonya","email":"sajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003415,"text":"70003415 - 2010 - Episodic swell growth inferred from variable uplift of the Cape Verde hotspot islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-24T15:36:35.714036","indexId":"70003415","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Episodic swell growth inferred from variable uplift of the Cape Verde hotspot islands","docAbstract":"On the Beagle voyage, Charles Darwin first noted the creation and subsidence of ocean islands1, establishing in geology’s infancy that island freeboard changes with time. Hotspot ocean islands have an obvious mechanism for freeboard change through the growth of the bathymetric anomaly, or swell2, on which the islands rest. Models for swell development indicate that flexural9, thermal2,3 or dynamic pressure4,5,6,8 contributions, as well as spreading of melt residue from the hotspot7, can all contribute to island uplift. Here we test various models for swell development using the uplift histories for the islands of the Cape Verde hotspot, derived from isotopic dating of marine terraces and subaerial to submarine lava-flow morphologies. The island uplift histories, in conjunction with inter-island spacing, uplift rate and timing differences, rule out flexural, thermal or dynamic pressure contributions. We also find that uplift cannot be reconciled with models that advocate the spreading of melt residue in swell development unless swell growth is episodic. Instead, we infer from the uplift histories that two processes have acted to raise the islands during the past 6 Myr. During an initial phase, mantle processes acted to build the swell. Subsequently, magmatic intrusions at the island edifice caused 350 m of local uplift at the scale of individual islands. Finally, swell-wide uplift contributed a further 100 m of surface rise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ngeo982","usgsCitation":"Ramalho, R., Helffrich, G., Cosca, M., Vance, D., Hoffmann, D., and Schmidt, D., 2010, Episodic swell growth inferred from variable uplift of the Cape Verde hotspot islands: Nature Geoscience, v. 3, no. 11, p. 774-777, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo982.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"774","endPage":"777","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cape Verde Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -26.2353515625,\n 14.168534269226564\n ],\n [\n -22.313232421875,\n 14.168534269226564\n ],\n [\n -22.313232421875,\n 18.07275691457901\n ],\n [\n -26.2353515625,\n 18.07275691457901\n ],\n [\n -26.2353515625,\n 14.168534269226564\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6020f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramalho, R.","contributorId":38702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramalho","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helffrich, G.","contributorId":41959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helffrich","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cosca, M. 0000-0002-0600-7663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":107417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vance, D.","contributorId":74866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vance","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoffmann, D.","contributorId":61555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schmidt, D.N.","contributorId":54718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003933,"text":"70003933 - 2010 - Rejoinder: Sifting through model space","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T16:27:09","indexId":"70003933","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rejoinder: Sifting through model space","docAbstract":"Observational data sets generated by complex processes are common in ecology. Traditionally these have been very challenging to analyze because of the limitations of available statistical tools. This seems to be changing, and these are exciting times to be involved with ecological statistics, not just because of the neo-Bayesian revival but also because of the proliferation of computationally intensive methods in general. It is now possible to fit much richer models to observational data than in the relatively recent past, which in turn has stimulated much interest in how to evaluate and compare such models. In such an immature, vibrant, and rapidly growing field, not everyone is going to agree on the best way to do things. This is reflected in the contrast of opinions offered by the discussants. Each offers a thoughtful and thought-provoking critique of our work that reflects the current thinking in a non-negligible segment of the ecological data analysis community. We want to thank them for their insights.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/10-0894.1","usgsCitation":"Heisey, D.M., Osnas, E.E., Cross, P.C., Joly, D.O., Langenberg, J.A., and Miller, M.W., 2010, Rejoinder: Sifting through model space: Ecology, v. 91, no. 12, p. 3503-3514, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0894.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3503","endPage":"3514","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204479,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623b9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heisey, Dennis M. dheisey@usgs.gov","contributorId":2455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisey","given":"Dennis","email":"dheisey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osnas, Erik E.","contributorId":36675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osnas","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joly, Damien O.","contributorId":9392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joly","given":"Damien","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Langenberg, Julia A.","contributorId":93619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langenberg","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Michael W.","contributorId":65218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003936,"text":"70003936 - 2010 - Reclaiming freshwater sustainability in the Cadillac Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T19:41:34","indexId":"70003936","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reclaiming freshwater sustainability in the Cadillac Desert","docAbstract":"Increasing human appropriation of freshwater resources presents a tangible limit to the sustainability of cities, agriculture, and ecosystems in the western United States. Marc Reisner tackles this theme in his 1986 classic Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water. Reisner's analysis paints a portrait of region-wide hydrologic dysfunction in the western United States, suggesting that the storage capacity of reservoirs will be impaired by sediment infilling, croplands will be rendered infertile by salt, and water scarcity will pit growing desert cities against agribusiness in the face of dwindling water resources. Here we evaluate these claims using the best available data and scientific tools. Our analysis provides strong scientific support for many of Reisner's claims, except the notion that reservoir storage is imminently threatened by sediment. More broadly, we estimate that the equivalent of nearly 76% of streamflow in the Cadillac Desert region is currently appropriated by humans, and this figure could rise to nearly 86% under a doubling of the region's population. Thus, Reisner's incisive journalism led him to the same conclusions as those rendered by copious data, modern scientific tools, and the application of a more genuine scientific method. We close with a prospectus for reclaiming freshwater sustainability in the Cadillac Desert, including a suite of recommendations for reducing region-wide human appropriation of streamflow to a target level of 60%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1009734108","usgsCitation":"Sabo, J.L., Sinha, T., Bowling, L.C., Schoups, G.H., Wallender, W.W., Campana, M., Cherkauer, K., Fuller, P., Graf, W.L., Hopmans, J.W., Kominoski, J.S., Taylor, C., Trimble, S.W., Webb, R., and Wohl, E.E., 2010, Reclaiming freshwater sustainability in the Cadillac Desert: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 107, no. 50, p. 21263-21269, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1009734108.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"21263","endPage":"21269","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475563,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3003073","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269479,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1009734108"}],"country":"United States","volume":"107","issue":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb8dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sabo, John L.","contributorId":39929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabo","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinha, Tushar","contributorId":65979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinha","given":"Tushar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowling, Laura C.","contributorId":98871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowling","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schoups, Gerrit H.W.","contributorId":32289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoups","given":"Gerrit","email":"","middleInitial":"H.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallender, Wesley W.","contributorId":65598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallender","given":"Wesley","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Campana, Michael E.","contributorId":29561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campana","given":"Michael E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cherkauer, Keith A.","contributorId":73736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkauer","given":"Keith A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fuller, Pam L. 0000-0002-9389-9144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-9144","contributorId":91226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Pam L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Graf, William L.","contributorId":92415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graf","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hopmans, Jan W.","contributorId":100517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopmans","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kominoski, John S.","contributorId":14562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kominoski","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Taylor, Carissa","contributorId":78078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Carissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Trimble, Stanley W.","contributorId":65088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trimble","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wohl, Ellen E.","contributorId":16969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wohl","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70003831,"text":"70003831 - 2010 - Reconnaissance dating: a new radiocarbon method applied to assessing the temporal distribution of Southern Ocean deep-sea corals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T20:18:48","indexId":"70003831","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1370,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconnaissance dating: a new radiocarbon method applied to assessing the temporal distribution of Southern Ocean deep-sea corals","docAbstract":"We have developed a rapid 'reconnaissance' method of preparing graphite for 14C/12C analysis. Carbonate (~15 mg) is combusted using an elemental analyzer and the resulting CO2 is converted to graphite using a sealed tube zinc reduction method. Over 85% (n=45 replicates on twenty-one individual corals) of reconnaissance ages measured on corals ranging in age from 500 to 33,000 radiocarbon years (Ryr) are within two standard deviations of ages generated using standard hydrolysis methods on the same corals, and all reconnaissance ages are within 300 Ryr of the standard hydrolysis ages. Replicate measurements on three individual aragonitic corals yielded ages of 1076±35 Ryr (standard deviation; n=5), 10,739±47 Ryr (n=8), and 40,146±3500 Ryr (n=9). No systematic biases were found using different cleaning methods or variable sample sizes. Analysis of 13C/12C was made concurrently with the 14C/12C measurement to correct for natural fractionation and for fractionation during sample processing and analysis. This technique provides a new, rapid method for making accurate, percent-level 14C/12C analyses that may be used to establish the rates and chronology of earth system processes where survey-type modes of age estimation are desirable. For example, applications may include creation of sediment core-top maps, preliminary age models for sediment cores, and growth rate studies of marine organisms such as corals or mollusks. We applied the reconnaissance method to more than 100 solitary deep-sea corals collected in the Drake Passage in the Southern Ocean to investigate their temporal and spatial distribution. The corals used in this study are part of a larger sample set, and the subset that was dated was chosen based on species as opposed to preservation state, so as to exclude obvious temporal biases. Similar to studies in other regions, the distribution of deep-sea corals is not constant through time across the Drake Passage. Most of the corals from the Burdwood Bank (continental shelf of Argentina) have ages ranging between 0 and 2500 calendar years, whereas most of the corals from the Sars Seamount in the Drake Passage have ages between 10,000 and 12,500 calendar years. Such differences may be caused in part by sampling biases, but may also be caused by changes in larval transport, nutrient supply, or other environmental pressures.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2010.07.010","usgsCitation":"Burke, A., Robinson, L., McNichol, A.P., Jenkins, W.J., Scanlon, K.M., and Gerlach, D.S., 2010, Reconnaissance dating: a new radiocarbon method applied to assessing the temporal distribution of Southern Ocean deep-sea corals: Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, v. 57, no. 11, p. 1510-1520, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2010.07.010.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1510","endPage":"1520","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269284,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2010.07.010"}],"volume":"57","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burke, Andrea","contributorId":12179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Laura F.","contributorId":6179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Laura F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNichol, Ann P.","contributorId":30345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNichol","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenkins, William J.","contributorId":19279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gerlach, Dana S.","contributorId":53516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003367,"text":"70003367 - 2010 - Reduced channel conveyance on the Wichita River at Wichita Falls, Texas, 1900-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"70003367","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2257,"text":"Journal of Environmental Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reduced channel conveyance on the Wichita River at Wichita Falls, Texas, 1900-2009","docAbstract":"Recent floods on the Wichita River at Wichita Falls, Texas, have reached higher stages compared to historical floods of similar magnitude discharges. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has operated streamflow-gaging station 07312500 Wichita River at Wichita Falls, Tex., since 1938 and flood measurements near the location of the present gage were first made in 1900. Floods recorded in 2007 and 2008 at this gaging station, including the record flood of June 30, 2007, reached higher stages compared to historical floods before 1972 of similar peak discharges. For flood measurements made at stages of more than 18 feet, peak stages were about 1 to 3 feet higher compared to peak stages of similar peak discharges measured before 1972. Flood measurements made at stages of more than 18 feet also indicate a decrease in the measured mean velocity from about 3.5 to about 2.0 feet per second from 1941 to 2008. The increase in stage and decrease in streamflow velocity for similar magnitude floods indicates channel conveyance has decreased over time. A study to investigate the causes of reduced channel conveyance in the Wichita River reach from Loop 11 downstream to River Road in Wichita Falls was done by the USGS in cooperation with the City of Wichita Falls. Historical photographs indicate substantial growth of riparian vegetation downstream from Loop 11 between 1950 and 2009. Aerial photographs taken between 1950 and 2008 also indicate an increase in riparian vegetation. Twenty-five channel cross sections were surveyed by the USGS in this reach in 2009. These cross sections were located at bridge crossings or collocated with channel cross sections previously surveyed in 1986 for use in a floodplain mapping study by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Four channel cross sections 3,400 to 11,900 feet downstream from Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard indicate narrowing of the channel. The remaining channel cross sections surveyed in 2009 by the USGS compared favorably with cross sections surveyed in 1986 for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, with no substantial differences noted. Comparison of channel cross sections surveyed in 2009 to those from historic bridge plans indicate no change in cross section has occurred at most of the bridges from Loop 11 downstream to River Road in Wichita Falls, except for obstructions noted at the Scott Avenue bridge and Martin Luther King Jr. bridge. Although obstructions in the channel at these bridges only partially block flow, they could also be contributing to reduced channel conveyance. Step-backwater profiles were used by the USGS to verify channel roughness. The main channel roughness coefficients (Manning's n values) from 2009 surveys were virtually unchanged from those used in a 1991 hydraulic model done for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The average overbank roughness coefficient (Manning's n value) was 0.15, more than double the value of 0.06 used in the 1991 hydraulic model. Increased overbank vegetation has resulted in higher stages conveying the same amount of discharge, particularly for discharges more than 4,000 cubic feet per second.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Environmental Hydrology","publisherLocation":"San Antonio, TX","usgsCitation":"Winters, K., Baldys, S., and Schreiber, R., 2010, Reduced channel conveyance on the Wichita River at Wichita Falls, Texas, 1900-2009: Journal of Environmental Hydrology, v. 18.","startPage":"Paper 8","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101749,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.hydroweb.com/jehabs/wintersabs.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Wichita Falls","volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, Karl","contributorId":107029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldys, Stanley sbaldys@usgs.gov","contributorId":3366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldys","given":"Stanley","email":"sbaldys@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":347033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schreiber, Russell","contributorId":72933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"Russell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004013,"text":"70004013 - 2010 - Projected climate impacts for the amphibians of the western hemisphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:00","indexId":"70004013","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projected climate impacts for the amphibians of the western hemisphere","docAbstract":"Given their physiological requirements, limited dispersal abilities, and hydrologically sensitive habitats, amphibians are likely to be highly sensitive to future climatic changes. We used three approaches to map areas in the western hemisphere where amphibians are particularly likely to be affected by climate change. First, we used bioclimatic models to project potential climate-driven shifts in the distribution of 413 amphibian species based on 20 climate simulations for 2071–2100. We summarized these projections to produce estimates of species turnover. Second, we mapped the distribution of 1099 species with restricted geographic ranges. Finally, using the 20 future climate-change simulations, we mapped areas that were consistently projected to receive less seasonal precipitation in the coming century and thus were likely to have altered microclimates and local hydrologies. Species turnover was projected to be highest in the Andes Mountains and parts of Central America and Mexico, where, on average, turnover rates exceeded 60% under the lower of two emissions scenarios. Many of the restricted-range species not included in our range-shift analyses were concentrated in parts of the Andes and Central America and in Brazil's Atlantic Forest. Much of Central America, southwestern North America, and parts of South America were consistently projected to experience decreased precipitation by the end of the century. Combining the results of the three analyses highlighted several areas in which amphibians are likely to be significantly affected by climate change for multiple reasons. Portions of southern Central America were simultaneously projected to experience high species turnover, have many additional restricted-range species, and were consistently projected to receive less precipitation. Together, our three analyses form one potential assessment of the geographic vulnerability of amphibians to climate change and as such provide broad-scale guidance for directing conservation efforts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","usgsCitation":"Lawler, J.J., Shafer, S., Bancroft, B.A., and Blaustein, A.R., 2010, Projected climate impacts for the amphibians of the western hemisphere: Conservation Biology, v. 24, no. 1, p. 38-50.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"50","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101704,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01403.x/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627455","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawler, Joshua J.","contributorId":73327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawler","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafer, Sarah L.","contributorId":32623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bancroft, Betsy A.","contributorId":38700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bancroft","given":"Betsy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blaustein, Andrew R.","contributorId":44276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaustein","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003438,"text":"70003438 - 2010 - Predictors of occurrence of the aquatic macrophyte Podostemum ceratophyllum in a southern Appalachian River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"70003438","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictors of occurrence of the aquatic macrophyte Podostemum ceratophyllum in a southern Appalachian River","docAbstract":"The aquatic macrophyte Podostemum ceratophyllum (Hornleaf Riverweed) commonly provides habitat for invertebrates and fishes in flowing-water portions of Piedmont and Appalachian streams in the eastern US. We quantified variation in percent cover by P. ceratophyllum in a 39-km reach of the Conasauga River, TN and GA, to test the hypothesis that cover decreased with increasing non-forest land use. We estimated percent P. ceratophyllum cover in quadrats (0.09 m2) placed at random coordinates within 20 randomly selected shoals. We then used hierarchical logistic regression, in an information-theoretic framework, to evaluate relative support for models incorporating alternative combinations of microhabitat and shoal-level variables to predict the occurrence of high (≥50%)P. ceratophyllum cover. As expected, bed sediment size and measures of light availability (location in the center of the channel, canopy cover) were included in best-supported models and had similar estimated-effect sizes across models. Podostemum ceratophyllum cover declined with increasing watershed size (included in 8 of 13 models in the confidence set of models); however, this decrease in cover was not well predicted by variation in land use. Focused monitoring of temporal and spatial trends in status of P. ceratophyllum are important due to its biotic importance in fast-flowing waters and its potential sensitivity to landscape-level changes, such as declines in forested land cover and homogenization of benthic habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Humboldt Field Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Steuben, ME","usgsCitation":"Argentina, J.E., Freeman, M., and Freeman, B.J., 2010, Predictors of occurrence of the aquatic macrophyte Podostemum ceratophyllum in a southern Appalachian River: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 9, no. 3, p. 465-476.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"476","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21701,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1656/058.009.0305","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb8c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Argentina, Jane E.","contributorId":72117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argentina","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Mary 0000-0001-7615-6923 mcfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":3528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"mcfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Byron J.","contributorId":49782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"Byron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":347296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003411,"text":"70003411 - 2010 - Prairie wetland complexes as landscape functional units in a changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:58","indexId":"70003411","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prairie wetland complexes as landscape functional units in a changing climate","docAbstract":"The wetland complex is the functional ecological unit of the prairie pothole region (PPR) of central North America. Diverse complexes of wetlands contribute high spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity, productivity, and biodiversity to these glaciated prairie landscapes. Climatewarming simulations using the new model WETLANDSCAPE (WLS) project major reductions in water volume, shortening of hydroperiods, and less-dynamic vegetation for prairie wetland complexes. The WLS model portrays the future PPR as a much less resilient ecosystem: The western PPR will be too dry and the eastern PPR will have too few functional wetlands and nesting habitat to support historic levels of waterfowl and other wetland-dependent species. Maintaining ecosystem goods and services at current levels in a warmer climate will be a major challenge for the conservation community.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BioScience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Johnson, W., Werner, B., Guntenspergen, G.R., Voldseth, R.A., Millett, B., Naugle, D.E., Tulbure, M., Carroll, R.W., Tracy, J., and Olawsky, C., 2010, Prairie wetland complexes as landscape functional units in a changing climate: BioScience, v. 60, no. 2, p. 128-140.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21684,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1525/bio.2010.60.2.7","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c338","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, W. 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