Perchlorate (ClO4−) is ubiquitous in the environment. It is produced naturally by atmospheric photochemical reactions, and also is synthesized in large quantities for military, aerospace, and industrial applications. Nitrate-enriched salt deposits of the Atacama Desert (Chile) contain high concentrations of natural ClO4−, and have been exported worldwide since the mid-1800s for use in agriculture. The widespread introduction of synthetic and agricultural ClO4− into the environment has contaminated numerous municipal water supplies. Stable isotope ratio measurements of Cl and O have been applied for discrimination of different ClO4− sources in the environment. This study explores the potential of 36Cl measurements for further improving the discrimination of ClO4− sources. Groundwater and desert soil samples from the southwestern United States (U.S.) contain ClO4− having high 36Cl abundances (36Cl/Cl = 3100 × 10−15 to 28,800 × 10−15), compared with those from the Atacama Desert (36Cl/Cl = 0.9 × 10−15 to 590 × 10−15) and synthetic ClO4−reagents and products (36Cl/Cl = 0.0 × 10−15 to 40 × 10−15). In conjunction with stable Cl and O isotope ratios, 36Cl data provide a clear distinction among three principal ClO4− source types in the environment of the southwestern U.S.
Differences in diet composition among conspecifics (dietary specialization) have been documented across a broad range of taxonomic groups and habitats, and such variation at the individual level is increasingly recognized as an important component of diversity in trophic interactions. Accurate identification of individual dietary specialization, however, requires longitudinal dietary records that are labor-intensive and cost-prohibitive to obtain for many species. Here we explore the use of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) as a promising technique for detecting and quantifying patterns of individual dietary specialization. Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) offer a unique opportunity for testing this approach because (1) they consume a wide variety of prey that span multiple trophic levels, habitats, and ecologically defined functional groups; and (2) individual diet specialization can be validated with existing observational data. We analyzed the isotopic composition of sea otter vibrissae (n = 31) in order to characterize inter- and intra-individual variation in sea otter diets at Monterey Bay, California, USA. At the population level, sea otters showed substantial variation in both δ13C and δ15N values, occupying nearly all of the “isotopic space” created by the diversity of isotopic signatures of potential prey taxa. Most of the variation in sea otter vibrissae was accounted for by differences between individuals, with much less contributed by within-individual variation. A majority of sea otters (∼80%) showed relatively little temporal variability in isotopic composition, suggesting that the proportional composition of most individuals' diets is relatively constant over time; a few individuals (∼20%) exhibited a high degree of intra-vibrissa isotopic variability, suggesting seasonal shifts in diet composition. These results and our interpretation of them were supported by long-term observational data on the diets of radio-tagged sea otters from the same population (n = 23). Our results demonstrate that stable isotopes can provide an efficient tool for measuring individual- and population-level dietary breadth and may be useful for studying populations where longitudinal data on individuals would otherwise be impossible to acquire. This will be critical for examining the causes and consequences of dietary variation within and among consumer populations, thereby improving our understanding of these important ecological and evolutionary processes at the community level.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/07-1812.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Newsome, S., Tinker, M.T., Monson, D., Oftedal, O., Ralls, K., Staedler, M., Fogel, M., and Estes, J.A., 2009, Using stable isotopes to investigate individual diet specialization in California sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis): Ecology, v. 90, no. 4, p. 961-974, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1812.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"961","endPage":"974","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0a8e4b08c986b32a255","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newsome, S.D.","contributorId":66928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newsome","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinker, M. T. 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":54152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":446485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oftedal, O.T.","contributorId":35562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oftedal","given":"O.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ralls, K.","contributorId":107222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralls","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Staedler, M. M.","contributorId":101603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staedler","given":"M. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fogel, M. L.","contributorId":31588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogel","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034581,"text":"70034581 - 2009 - Comparison of mid-Pliocene climate predictions produced by the HadAM3 and GCMAM3 General Circulation Models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034581","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of mid-Pliocene climate predictions produced by the HadAM3 and GCMAM3 General Circulation Models","docAbstract":"The mid-Pliocene warm period (ca. 3 to 3.3??million years ago) has become an important interval of time for palaeoclimate modelling exercises, with a large number of studies published during the last decade. However, there has been no attempt to assess the degree of model dependency of the results obtained. Here we present an initial comparison of mid-Pliocene climatologies produced by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research atmosphere-only General Circulation Models (GCMAM3 and HadAM3). Whilst both models are consistent in the simulation of broad-scale differences in mid-Pliocene surface air temperature and total precipitation rates, significant variation is noted on regional and local scales. There are also significant differences in the model predictions of total cloud cover. A terrestrial data/model comparison, facilitated by the BIOME 4 model and a new data set of Piacenzian Stage land cover [Salzmann, U., Haywood, A.M., Lunt, D.J., Valdes, P.J., Hill, D.J., (2008). A new global biome reconstruction and data model comparison for the Middle Pliocene. Global Ecology and Biogeography 17, 432-447, doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00381.x] and combined with the use of Kappa statistics, indicates that HadAM3-based biome predictions provide a closer fit to proxy data in the mid to high-latitudes. However, GCMAM3-based biomes in the tropics provide the closest fit to proxy data. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global and Planetary Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.12.014","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Haywood, A., Chandler, M., Valdes, P., Salzmann, U., Lunt, D., and Dowsett, H., 2009, Comparison of mid-Pliocene climate predictions produced by the HadAM3 and GCMAM3 General Circulation Models: Global and Planetary Change, v. 66, no. 3-4, p. 208-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.12.014.","startPage":"208","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215888,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.12.014"},{"id":243723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f877e4b0c8380cd4d111","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haywood, A.M.","contributorId":101050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chandler, M.A.","contributorId":26874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valdes, P.J.","contributorId":77331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdes","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salzmann, U.","contributorId":95711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salzmann","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lunt, D.J.","contributorId":105127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunt","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034582,"text":"70034582 - 2009 - New insights into the hydrostratigraphy of the High Plains aquifer from three-dimensional visualizations based on well records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034582","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New insights into the hydrostratigraphy of the High Plains aquifer from three-dimensional visualizations based on well records","docAbstract":"Regional aquifers in thick sequences of continentally derived heterolithic deposits, such as the High Plains of the North American Great Plains, are difficult to characterize hydrostratigraphically because of their framework complexity and the lack of high-quality subsurface information from drill cores and geophysical logs. However, using a database of carefully evaluated drillers' and sample logs and commercially available visualization software, it is possible to qualitatively characterize these complex frameworks based on the concept of relative permeability. Relative permeability is the permeable fraction of a deposit expressed as a percentage of its total thickness. In this methodology, uncemented coarse and fine sediments are arbitrarily set at relative permeabilities of 100% and 0%, respectively, with allowances made for log entries containing descriptions of mixed lithologies, heterolithic strata, and cementation. To better understand the arrangement of high- and low-permeability domains within the High Plains aquifer, a pilot study was undertaken in southwest Kansas to create three-dimensional visualizations of relative permeability using a database of >3000 logs. Aggregate relative permeability ranges up to 99% with a mean of 51%. Laterally traceable, thick domains of >80% relative permeability embedded within a lower relative permeability matrix strongly suggest that preferred pathways for lateral and vertical water transmission exist within the aquifer. Similarly, domains with relative permeabilities of <45% are traceable laterally over appreciable distances in the sub-surface and probably act as leaky confining layers. This study shows that the aquifer does not consist solely of local, randomly distributed, hydrostratigraphic units, as suggested by previous studies. ?? 2009 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/GES00203.1","issn":"1553040X","usgsCitation":"Macfarlane, P.A., 2009, New insights into the hydrostratigraphy of the High Plains aquifer from three-dimensional visualizations based on well records: Geosphere, v. 5, no. 1, p. 51-58, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00203.1.","startPage":"51","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487799,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00203.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215889,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00203.1"},{"id":243724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65dce4b0c8380cd72c71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macfarlane, P. A.","contributorId":14597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macfarlane","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70034583,"text":"70034583 - 2009 - Dipping-interface mapping using mode-separated Rayleigh waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034583","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dipping-interface mapping using mode-separated Rayleigh waves","docAbstract":"Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method is a non-invasive geophysical technique that uses the dispersive characteristic of Rayleigh waves to estimate a vertical shear (S)-wave velocity profile. A pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section is constructed by aligning 1D S-wave velocity profiles at the midpoint of each receiver spread that are contoured using a spatial interpolation scheme. The horizontal resolution of the section is therefore most influenced by the receiver spread length and the source interval. Based on the assumption that a dipping-layer model can be regarded as stepped flat layers, high-resolution linear Radon transform (LRT) has been proposed to image Rayleigh-wave dispersive energy and separate modes of Rayleigh waves from a multichannel record. With the mode-separation technique, therefore, a dispersion curve that possesses satisfactory accuracy can be calculated using a pair of consecutive traces within a mode-separated shot gather. In this study, using synthetic models containing a dipping layer with a slope of 5, 10, 15, 20, or 30 degrees and a real-world example, we assess the ability of using high-resolution LRT to image and separate fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves from raw surface-wave data and accuracy of dispersion curves generated by a pair of consecutive traces within a mode-separated shot gather. Results of synthetic and real-world examples demonstrate that a dipping interface with a slope smaller than 15 degrees can be successfully mapped by separated fundamental waves using high-resolution LRT. ?? Birkh??user Verlag, Basel 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-009-0451-z","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Xu, Y., Zeng, C., Miller, R., and Liu, Q., 2009, Dipping-interface mapping using mode-separated Rayleigh waves: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 166, no. 3, p. 353-374, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-009-0451-z.","startPage":"353","endPage":"374","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215918,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-009-0451-z"},{"id":243754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"166","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01a9e4b0c8380cd4fcc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zeng, C.","contributorId":94519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Q.","contributorId":17827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033167,"text":"70033167 - 2009 - Isotopic and trace element constraints on the petrogenesis of lavas from the Mount Adams volcanic field, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-16T11:02:00","indexId":"70033167","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic and trace element constraints on the petrogenesis of lavas from the Mount Adams volcanic field, Washington","docAbstract":"Strontium, Nd, Pb, Hf, Os, and O isotope compositions for 30 Quaternary lava flows from the Mount Adams stratovolcano and its basaltic periphery in the Cascade arc, southern Washington, USA indicate a major component from intraplate mantle sources, a relatively small subduction component, and interaction with young mafic crust at depth. Major- and trace-element patterns for Mount Adams lavas are distinct from the rear-arc Simcoe volcanic field and other nearby volcanic centers in the Cascade arc such as Mount St. Helens. Radiogenic isotope (Sr, Nd, Pb, and Hf) compositions do not correlate with geochemical indicators of slab-fluids such as (Sr/P)n and Ba/Nb. Mass-balance modeling calculations, coupled with trace-element and isotopic data, indicate that although the mantle source for the calc-alkaline Adams basalts has been modified with a fluid derived from subducted sediment, the extent of modification is significantly less than what is documented in the southern Cascades. The isotopic and trace-element compositions of most Mount Adams lavas require the presence of enriched and depleted mantle sources, and based on volume-weighted chemical and isotopic compositions for Mount Adams lavas through time, an intraplate mantle source contributed the major magmatic mass of the system. Generation of basaltic andesites to dacites at Mount Adams occurred by assimilation and fractional crystallization in the lower crust, but wholesale crustal melting did not occur. Most lavas have Tb/Yb ratios that are significantly higher than those of MORB, which is consistent with partial melting of the mantle in the presence of residual garnet. 18O values for olivine phenocrysts in Mount Adams lavas are within the range of typical upper mantle peridotites, precluding involvement of upper crustal sedimentary material or accreted terrane during magma ascent. The restricted Nd and Hf isotope compositions of Mount Adams lavas indicate that these isotope systems are insensitive to crustal interaction in this juvenile arc, in stark contrast to Os isotopes, which are highly sensitive to interaction with young, mafic material in the lower crust. Springer-Verlag 2008.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00410-008-0329-6","issn":"00107","usgsCitation":"Jicha, B., Hart, G., Johnson, C., Hildreth, W., Beard, B., Shirey, S., and Valley, J., 2009, Isotopic and trace element constraints on the petrogenesis of lavas from the Mount Adams volcanic field, Washington: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 157, no. 2, p. 189-207, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-008-0329-6.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-007379","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213338,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-008-0329-6"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 46.08847179577592\n ],\n [\n -121.26983642578124,\n 46.08847179577592\n ],\n [\n -121.26983642578124,\n 46.27673288302042\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 46.27673288302042\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 46.08847179577592\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"157","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f98e4b0c8380cd64646","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jicha, B.R.","contributorId":45122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jicha","given":"B.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, G.L.","contributorId":107505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, C.M.","contributorId":78707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hildreth, Wes 0000-0002-7925-4251 hildreth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":2221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Wes","email":"hildreth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beard, B.L.","contributorId":56045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shirey, S.B.","contributorId":69712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirey","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Valley, J.W.","contributorId":28741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valley","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70035292,"text":"70035292 - 2009 - A prototype feature system for feature retrieval using relationships","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035292","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1191,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A prototype feature system for feature retrieval using relationships","docAbstract":"Using a feature data model, geographic phenomena can be represented effectively by integrating space, theme, and time. This paper extends and implements a feature data model that supports query and visualization of geographic features using their non-spatial and temporal relationships. A prototype feature-oriented geographic information system (FOGIS) is then developed and storage of features named Feature Database is designed. Buildings from the U.S. Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina and subways in Chicago, Illinois are used to test the developed system. The results of the applications show the strength of the feature data model and the developed system 'FOGIS' when they utilize non-spatial and temporal relationships in order to retrieve and visualize individual features.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1559/152304009789786353","issn":"15230406","usgsCitation":"Choi, J., and Usery, E., 2009, A prototype feature system for feature retrieval using relationships: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 36, no. 4, p. 331-345, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304009789786353.","startPage":"331","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215098,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304009789786353"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e520e4b0c8380cd46b37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choi, J.","contributorId":42741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035294,"text":"70035294 - 2009 - A habitat assessment for Florida panther population expansion into central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T14:41:51","indexId":"70035294","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A habitat assessment for Florida panther population expansion into central Florida","docAbstract":"One of the goals of the Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) recovery plan is to expand panther range north of the Caloosahatchee River in central Florida. Our objective was to evaluate the potential of that region to support panthers. We used a geographic information system and the Mahalanobis distance statistic to develop a habitat model based on landscape characteristics associated with panther home ranges. We used cross-validation and an independent telemetry data set to test the habitat model. We also conducted a least-cost path analysis to identify potential habitat linkages and to provide a relative measure of connectivity among habitat patches. Variables in our model were paved road density, major highways, human population density, percentage of the area permanently or semipermanently flooded, and percentage of the area in natural land cover. Our model clearly identified habitat typical of that found within panther home ranges based on model testing with recent telemetry data. We identified 4 potential translocation sites that may support a total of approximately 36 panthers. Although we identified potential habitat linkages, our least-cost path analyses highlighted the extreme isolation of panther habitat in portions of the study area. Human intervention will likely be required if the goal is to establish female panthers north of the Caloosahatchee in the near term.
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D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036771,"text":"70036771 - 2009 - Change in diel catchability of young-of-year yellow perch associated with establishment of dreissenid mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-28T15:45:07","indexId":"70036771","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Change in diel catchability of young-of-year yellow perch associated with establishment of dreissenid mussels","docAbstract":"1. Non-native mussels have increased water clarity in many lakes and streams in North America and Europe. Diel variation in catchability of some fish species has been linked to visibility during survey trawls (used to measure escapement). 2. Water clarity increased in nearshore areas of western Lake Erie by the early 1990s, following passage of legislation in 1972 to improve water quality (e.g. reduce phosphorus loading) and the invasion of dreissenid mussels (Dreissena spp.) beginning in 1987. 3. We hypothesised that increased water clarity in Lake Erie resulted in decreased catchability of young-of-year (age-0) yellow perch (Perca flavescens Mitchill) during daylight compared to during night. We used a two-tiered modelling approach to test this hypothesis on the ratio (R) of catch per hour (CPH) during night to CPH during daylight in bottom trawl surveys conducted during 1961-2005. 4. First, we examined seven a priori models. The first model, the 'null' model, represented no change in R over time. Three more models tested whether the timing of the change in R was associated with passage of water quality legislation only, dreissenids only (two-period models) and both legislation and dreissenids (three-period models). Three additional models included a 3-year lag before the effects of legislation, dreissenids or both occurred. Secondly, all possible two- and three-period models with a minimum of 2 years per time period were explored a posteriori. The a posteriori procedure determined the temporal transitions to higher R that were best supported by the data, without regard to a priori hypotheses. 5. Night CPH was greater than daylight CPH in 3 of 11 years during 1961-72, in 10 of 15 years during 1973-87, and in 14 of 18 years during 1988-2005. During 1991-2005 night CPH exceeded daylight CPH in all years except one, and night CPH was more than twice daylight CPH in 10 years during this period. 6. The best a priori model had two periods, with a break between 1990 and 1991, corresponding to 3 years after the dreissenid invasion. Similarly, the best two- and three-period a posteriori models both had breaks between 1990 and 1991. The results supported our hypothesis that age-0 yellow perch exhibited a transition to lower catchability during daylight compared to night, and the timing of the transition coincided with the establishment of dreissenid mussels. 7. The most plausible mechanism for our results was increased visibility of the trawl during daylight, resulting in increased avoidance of the trawl. These results have potential applications wherever non-native mussels have increased water clarity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02186.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M.A., Kocovsky, P., and Adams, J.V., 2009, Change in diel catchability of young-of-year yellow perch associated with establishment of dreissenid mussels: Freshwater Biology, v. 54, no. 8, p. 1593-1604, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02186.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1593","endPage":"1604","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217626,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02186.x"}],"volume":"54","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f400e4b0c8380cd4ba9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick M.","contributorId":89381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037492,"text":"70037492 - 2009 - Data layer integration for the national map of the united states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037492","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1188,"text":"Cartographic Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Data layer integration for the national map of the united states","docAbstract":"The integration of geographic data layers in multiple raster and vector formats, from many different organizations and at a variety of resolutions and scales, is a significant problem for The National Map of the United States being developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Our research has examined data integration from a layer-based approach for five of The National Map data layers: digital orthoimages, elevation, land cover, hydrography, and transportation. An empirical approach has included visual assessment by a set of respondents with statistical analysis to establish the meaning of various types of integration. A separate theoretical approach with established hypotheses tested against actual data sets has resulted in an automated procedure for integration of specific layers and is being tested. The empirical analysis has established resolution bounds on meanings of integration with raster datasets and distance bounds for vector data. The theoretical approach has used a combination of theories on cartographic transformation and generalization, such as T??pfer's radical law, and additional research concerning optimum viewing scales for digital images to establish a set of guiding principles for integrating data of different resolutions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cartographic Perspectives","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10489053","usgsCitation":"Usery, E., Finn, M., and Starbuck, M., 2009, Data layer integration for the national map of the united states: Cartographic Perspectives, no. 62, p. 28-41.","startPage":"28","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"62","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd88e4b0c8380cd4e880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, M.P.","contributorId":73246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Starbuck, M.","contributorId":56478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starbuck","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035191,"text":"70035191 - 2009 - Age, geochemical composition, and distribution of Oligocene ignimbrites in the northern Sierra Nevada, California: Implications for landscape morphology, elevation, and drainage divide geography of the Nevadaplano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T16:20:20","indexId":"70035191","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, geochemical composition, and distribution of Oligocene ignimbrites in the northern Sierra Nevada, California: Implications for landscape morphology, elevation, and drainage divide geography of the Nevadaplano","docAbstract":"To gain a better understanding of the topographic and landscape evolution of the Cenozoic Sierra Nevada and Basin and Range, we combine geochemical and isotopic age correlations with palaeoaltimetry data from widely distributed ignimbrites in the northern Sierra Nevada, California. A sequence of Oligocene rhyolitic ignimbrites is preserved across the modern crest of the range and into the western foothills. Using trace and rare earth element geochemical analyses of volcanic glass, these deposits have been correlated to ignimbrites described and isotopically dated in the Walker Lane fault zone and in central Nevada (Henry et al., 2004, Geologic map of the Dogskin mountain quadrangle; Washoe County, Nevada; Faulds et al., 2005, Geology, v. 33, p. 505–508). Ignimbrite deposits were sampled within the northern Sierra Nevada and western Nevada, and four distinct geochemical compositions were identified. The majority of samples from within the northern Sierra Nevada have compositions similar to the tuffs of Axehandle Canyon or Rattlesnake Canyon, both likely sourced from the same caldera complex in either the Clan Alpine Mountains or the Stillwater Range, or to the tuff of Campbell Creek, sourced from the Desatoya Mountains caldera. New 40Ar/39Ar age determinations from these samples of 31.2, 30.9, and 28.7 Ma, respectively, support these correlations. Based on an Oligocene palinspastic reconstruction of the region, our results show that ignimbrites travelled over 200 km from their source calderas across what is now the crest of the Sierra Nevada, and that during that time, no drainage divide existed between the ignimbrite source calderas in central Nevada and sample locations 200 km to the west. Palaeoaltimetry data from Sierra Nevada ignimbrites, based on the hydrogen isotopic composition of hydration water in glass, reflect the effect of a steep western slope on precipitation and indicate that the area had elevations similar to the present-day range. These combined results suggest that source calderas were likely located in a region of high elevation to the east of the Oligocene Sierra Nevada, which had a steep western slope that allowed for the large extent and broad distribution of the ignimbrites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00206810902880370","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Cassel, E.J., Calvert, A.T., and Graham, S.A., 2009, Age, geochemical composition, and distribution of Oligocene ignimbrites in the northern Sierra Nevada, California: Implications for landscape morphology, elevation, and drainage divide geography of the Nevadaplano: International Geology Review, v. 51, no. 7-8, p. 723-742, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206810902880370.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"723","endPage":"742","numberOfPages":"20","ipdsId":"IP-012618","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215089,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206810902880370"}],"volume":"51","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f6e4b0c8380cd47fef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cassel, Elizabeth J.","contributorId":198355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cassel","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calvert, Andrew T. 0000-0001-5237-2218 acalvert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2218","contributorId":2694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"Andrew","email":"acalvert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, Stephan A.","contributorId":45902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Stephan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037108,"text":"70037108 - 2009 - Using LiDAR and quickbird data to model plant production and quantify uncertainties associated with wetland detection and land cover generalizations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70037108","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using LiDAR and quickbird data to model plant production and quantify uncertainties associated with wetland detection and land cover generalizations","docAbstract":"Spatiotemporal data from satellite remote sensing and surface meteorology networks have made it possible to continuously monitor global plant production, and to identify global trends associated with land cover/use and climate change. Gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP) are routinely derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard satellites Terra and Aqua, and estimates generally agree with independent measurements at validation sites across the globe. However, the accuracy of GPP and NPP estimates in some regions may be limited by the quality of model input variables and heterogeneity at fine spatial scales. We developed new methods for deriving model inputs (i.e., land cover, leaf area, and photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by plant canopies) from airborne laser altimetry (LiDAR) and Quickbird multispectral data at resolutions ranging from about 30??m to 1??km. In addition, LiDAR-derived biomass was used as a means for computing carbon-use efficiency. Spatial variables were used with temporal data from ground-based monitoring stations to compute a six-year GPP and NPP time series for a 3600??ha study site in the Great Lakes region of North America. Model results compared favorably with independent observations from a 400??m flux tower and a process-based ecosystem model (BIOME-BGC), but only after removing vapor pressure deficit as a constraint on photosynthesis from the MODIS global algorithm. Fine-resolution inputs captured more of the spatial variability, but estimates were similar to coarse-resolution data when integrated across the entire landscape. Failure to account for wetlands had little impact on landscape-scale estimates, because vegetation structure, composition, and conversion efficiencies were similar to upland plant communities. Plant productivity estimates were noticeably improved using LiDAR-derived variables, while uncertainties associated with land cover generalizations and wetlands in this largely forested landscape were considered less important.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.017","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Cook, B., Bolstad, P., Naesset, E., Anderson, R., Garrigues, S., Morisette, J., Nickeson, J., and Davis, K., 2009, Using LiDAR and quickbird data to model plant production and quantify uncertainties associated with wetland detection and land cover generalizations: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 11, p. 2366-2379, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.017.","startPage":"2366","endPage":"2379","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216991,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.017"},{"id":244898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc013e4b08c986b329efc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, B.D.","contributorId":62437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolstad, P.V.","contributorId":88977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolstad","given":"P.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naesset, E.","contributorId":44765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naesset","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, R. Scott","contributorId":6983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7034,"text":"School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability at Northern Arizona University, in Flagstaff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garrigues, S.","contributorId":37176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrigues","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morisette, J.T.","contributorId":57029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nickeson, J.","contributorId":23786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nickeson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Davis, K.J.","contributorId":39614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70037399,"text":"70037399 - 2009 - Hierarchical Bayesian analysis to incorporate age uncertainty in growth curve analysis and estimates of age from length: Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus) carcasses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037399","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical Bayesian analysis to incorporate age uncertainty in growth curve analysis and estimates of age from length: Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus) carcasses","docAbstract":"Age estimation of individuals is often an integral part of species management research, and a number of ageestimation techniques are commonly employed. Often, the error in these techniques is not quantified or accounted for in other analyses, particularly in growth curve models used to describe physiological responses to environment and human impacts. Also, noninvasive, quick, and inexpensive methods to estimate age are needed. This research aims to provide two Bayesian methods to (i) incorporate age uncertainty into an age-length Schnute growth model and (ii) produce a method from the growth model to estimate age from length. The methods are then employed for Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus) carcasses. After quantifying the uncertainty in the aging technique (counts of ear bone growth layers), we fit age-length data to the Schnute growth model separately by sex and season. Independent prior information about population age structure and the results of the Schnute model are then combined to estimate age from length. Results describing the age-length relationship agree with our understanding of manatee biology. The new methods allow us to estimate age, with quantified uncertainty, for 98% of collected carcasses: 36% from ear bones, 62% from length.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F09-117","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Schwarz, L., and Runge, M., 2009, Hierarchical Bayesian analysis to incorporate age uncertainty in growth curve analysis and estimates of age from length: Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus) carcasses: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 66, no. 10, p. 1775-1789, https://doi.org/10.1139/F09-117.","startPage":"1775","endPage":"1789","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217178,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F09-117"}],"volume":"66","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3099e4b0c8380cd5d7a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwarz, L.K.","contributorId":59655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runge, M.C. 0000-0002-8081-536X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":49312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034613,"text":"70034613 - 2009 - Soil nitrogen balance under wastewater management: Field measurements and simulation results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034613","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil nitrogen balance under wastewater management: Field measurements and simulation results","docAbstract":"The use of treated wastewater for irrigation of crops could result in high nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations in the vadose zone and ground water. The goal of this 2-yr field-monitoring study in the deep silty clay loam soils south of Dodge City, Kansas, was to assess how and under what circumstances N from the secondary-treated, wastewater-irrigated corn reached the deep (20-45 m) water table of the underlying High Plains aquifer and what could be done to minimize this problem. We collected 15.2-m-deep soil cores for characterization of physical and chemical properties; installed neutron probe access tubes to measure soil-water content and suction lysimeters to sample soil water periodically; sampled monitoring, irrigation, and domestic wells in the area; and obtained climatic, crop, irrigation, and N application rate records for two wastewater-irrigated study sites. These data and additional information were used to run the Root Zone Water Quality Model to identify key parameters and processes that influence N losses in the study area. We demonstrated that NO3-N transport processes result in significant accumulations of N in the vadose zone and that NO3-N in the underlying ground water is increasing with time. Root Zone Water Quality Model simulations for two wastewater-irrigated study sites indicated that reducing levels of corn N fertilization by more than half to 170 kg ha-1 substantially increases N-use efficiency and achieves near-maximum crop yield. Combining such measures with a crop rotation that includes alfalfa should further reduce the accumulation and downward movement of NO3-N in the soil profile. Copyright ?? 2009 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2008.0318","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Sophocleous, M., Townsend, M., Vocasek, F., Ma, L., and KC, A., 2009, Soil nitrogen balance under wastewater management: Field measurements and simulation results: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 38, no. 3, p. 1286-1301, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0318.","startPage":"1286","endPage":"1301","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215891,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0318"},{"id":243726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b920ee4b08c986b319c85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sophocleous, M.","contributorId":13373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Townsend, M.A.","contributorId":88785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vocasek, F.","contributorId":51996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vocasek","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ma, Liwang","contributorId":29140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"Liwang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"KC, A.","contributorId":84587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"KC","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035305,"text":"70035305 - 2009 - Trace-element record in zircons during exhumation from UHP conditions, North-East Greenland Caledonides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035305","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1593,"text":"European Journal of Mineralogy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace-element record in zircons during exhumation from UHP conditions, North-East Greenland Caledonides","docAbstract":"Coesite-bearing zircon formed at ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) conditions share general characteristics of eclogite-facies zircon with trace-element signatures characterized by depleted heavy rare earth elements (HREE), lack of an Eu anomaly, and low Th/ U ratios. Trace-element signatures of zircons from the Caledonian UHP terrane in North-East Greenland were used to examine the possible changes in signature with age during exhumation. Collection and interpretation of age and trace-element analyses of zircon from three samples of quartzofeldspathic gneiss and two leucocratic intrusions were guided by core vs. rim zoning patterns as imaged by cathodoluminesence. Change from igneous to eclogite-facies metamorphic trace-element signature in protolith zircon is characterized by gradual depletion of HREE, whereas newly formed metamorphic rims have flat HREE patterns and REE concentrations that are distinct from the recrystallized inherited cores. The signature associated with eclogite-facies metamorphic zircon is observed in coesite-bearing zircon formed at 358 ?? 4 Ma, metamorphic rims formed at 348 ?? 5 Ma during the initial stages of exhumation, and metamorphic rims formed at 337 ?? 5 Ma. Zircons from a garnet-bearing granite emplaced in the neck of an eclogite boudin and a leucocratic dike that cross-cuts amphibolite-facies structural fabrics have steeply sloping HREE patterns, variably developed negative Eu anomalies, and low Th/U ratios. The granite records initial decompression melting and exhumation at 347 ?? 2 Ma and later zircon rim growth at 329 ?? 5. The leucocratic dike was likely emplaced at amphibolite-facies conditions at 330 ?? 2 Ma, but records additional growth of compositionally similar zircon at 321 ??2 Ma. The difference between the trace-element signature of metamorphic zircon in the gneisses and in part coeval leucocratic intrusions indicates that the zircon signature varies as a function of lithology and context, thus enhancing its ability to aid in the interpretation of U-Pb data and track the exhumation history of UHP terranes. The differences may reflect variation in elemental availability through breakdown reactions in quartzofeldpathic gneiss vs. availability during melt production and/or crystallization. UHP rocks in North-East Greenland began exhumation by 347 ?? 2 Ma, were still at HP eclogite-facies conditions at 337 ?? 5 Ma and were at amphibolite-facies conditions by 330 ?? 2 Ma. ?? 2009 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"European Journal of Mineralogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-2000","issn":"09351221","usgsCitation":"McClelland, W., Gilotti, J.A., Mazdab, F., and Wooden, J.L., 2009, Trace-element record in zircons during exhumation from UHP conditions, North-East Greenland Caledonides: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 21, no. 6, p. 1135-1148, https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-2000.","startPage":"1135","endPage":"1148","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215308,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-2000"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb682e4b08c986b326ce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClelland, W.C.","contributorId":66929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClelland","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilotti, J. A.","contributorId":15776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilotti","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazdab, F.K.","contributorId":11650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazdab","given":"F.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032627,"text":"70032627 - 2009 - Thallium isotope evidence for a permanent increase in marine organic carbon export in the early Eocene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032627","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thallium isotope evidence for a permanent increase in marine organic carbon export in the early Eocene","docAbstract":"The first high resolution thallium (Tl) isotope records in two ferromanganese crusts (Fe-Mn crusts), CD29 and D11 from the Pacific Ocean are presented. The crusts record pronounced but systematic changes in 205Tl/203Tl that are unlikely to reflect diagenetic overprinting or changes in isotope fractionation between seawater and Fe-Mn crusts. It appears more likely that the Fe-Mn crusts track the Tl isotope composition of seawater over time. The present-day oceanic residence time of Tl is estimated to be about 20,000??yr, such that the isotopic composition should reflect ocean-wide events. New and published Os isotope data are used to construct age models for these crusts that are consistent with each other and significantly different from previous age models. Application of these age models reveals that the Tl isotope composition of seawater changed systematically between ~ 55??Ma and ~ 45??Ma. Using a simple box model it is shown that the present day Tl isotope composition of seawater depends almost exclusively on the ratio between the two principal output fluxes of marine Tl. These fluxes are the rate of removal of Tl from seawater via scavenging by authigenic Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide precipitation and the uptake rate of Tl during low temperature alteration of oceanic crust. It is highly unlikely that the latter has changed greatly. Therefore, assuming that the marine Tl budget has also not changed significantly during the Cenozoic, the low 205Tl/203Tl during the Paleocene is best explained by a more than four-fold higher sequestration of Tl by Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides compared with at the present day. The calculated Cenozoic Tl isotopic seawater curve displays a striking similarity to that of S, providing evidence that both systems may have responded to the same change in the marine environment. A plausible explanation is a marked and permanent increase in organic carbon export from ~ 55??Ma to ~ 45??Ma, which led to higher pyrite burial rates and a significantly reduced flux of Fe-Mn oxide removal as a result of increased biological uptake of Fe and Mn. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.010","issn":"00128","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, S., Mar-Gerrison, S., Gannoun, A., LaRowe, D., Klemm, V., Halliday, A.N., Burton, K., and Hein, J., 2009, Thallium isotope evidence for a permanent increase in marine organic carbon export in the early Eocene: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 278, no. 3-4, p. 297-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.010.","startPage":"297","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487769,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1480213","text":"External Repository"},{"id":213826,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.010"},{"id":241487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"278","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba608e4b08c986b320e43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, S.G.","contributorId":49171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mar-Gerrison, S.","contributorId":63629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mar-Gerrison","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gannoun, A.","contributorId":39204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannoun","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaRowe, D.","contributorId":74210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRowe","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klemm, V.","contributorId":43898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemm","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Halliday, A. N.","contributorId":87663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliday","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burton, K.W.","contributorId":101399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70036770,"text":"70036770 - 2009 - An Atlas of ShakeMaps and population exposure catalog for earthquake loss modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70036770","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1101,"text":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An Atlas of ShakeMaps and population exposure catalog for earthquake loss modeling","docAbstract":"We present an Atlas of ShakeMaps and a catalog of human population exposures to moderate-to-strong ground shaking (EXPO-CAT) for recent historical earthquakes (1973-2007). The common purpose of the Atlas and exposure catalog is to calibrate earthquake loss models to be used in the US Geological Survey's Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER). The full ShakeMap Atlas currently comprises over 5,600 earthquakes from January 1973 through December 2007, with almost 500 of these maps constrained-to varying degrees-by instrumental ground motions, macroseismic intensity data, community internet intensity observations, and published earthquake rupture models. The catalog of human exposures is derived using current PAGER methodologies. Exposure to discrete levels of shaking intensity is obtained by correlating Atlas ShakeMaps with a global population database. Combining this population exposure dataset with historical earthquake loss data, such as PAGER-CAT, provides a useful resource for calibrating loss methodologies against a systematically-derived set of ShakeMap hazard outputs. We illustrate two example uses for EXPO-CAT; (1) simple objective ranking of country vulnerability to earthquakes, and; (2) the influence of time-of-day on earthquake mortality. In general, we observe that countries in similar geographic regions with similar construction practices tend to cluster spatially in terms of relative vulnerability. We also find little quantitative evidence to suggest that time-of-day is a significant factor in earthquake mortality. Moreover, earthquake mortality appears to be more systematically linked to the population exposed to severe ground shaking (Modified Mercalli Intensity VIII+). Finally, equipped with the full Atlas of ShakeMaps, we merge each of these maps and find the maximum estimated peak ground acceleration at any grid point in the world for the past 35 years. We subsequently compare this \"composite ShakeMap\" with existing global hazard models, calculating the spatial area of the existing hazard maps exceeded by the combined ShakeMap ground motions. In general, these analyses suggest that existing global, and regional, hazard maps tend to overestimate hazard. Both the Atlas of ShakeMaps and EXPO-CAT have many potential uses for examining earthquake risk and epidemiology. All of the datasets discussed herein are available for download on the PAGER Web page ( http://earthquake.usgs.gov/ eqcenter/pager/prodandref/ ). ?? 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10518-009-9120-y","issn":"1570761X","usgsCitation":"Allen, T., Wald, D., Earle, P., Marano, K.D., Hotovec, A., Lin, K., and Hearne, M., 2009, An Atlas of ShakeMaps and population exposure catalog for earthquake loss modeling: Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, v. 7, no. 3, p. 701-718, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-009-9120-y.","startPage":"701","endPage":"718","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217598,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-009-9120-y"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9d2e4b0c8380cd484a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, T.I.","contributorId":6659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"T.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Earle, P.S.","contributorId":17011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marano, K. D.","contributorId":92390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marano","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hotovec, A.J.","contributorId":82954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotovec","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lin, K.","contributorId":24151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hearne, M.G.","contributorId":7538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearne","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70036755,"text":"70036755 - 2009 - Genetic diversity among brazilian isolates of beauveria bassiana: comparisons with non-brazilian isolates and other beauveria species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70036755","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2169,"text":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic diversity among brazilian isolates of beauveria bassiana: comparisons with non-brazilian isolates and other beauveria species","docAbstract":"Aims: The genetic diversity of Beauveria bassiana was investigated by comparing isolates of this species to each other (49 from different geographical regions of Brazil and 4 from USA) and to other Beauveria spp. Methods and Results: The isolates were examined by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and rDNA sequencing. MLEE and AFLP revealed considerable genetic variability among B. bassiana isolates. Several isolates from South and Southeast Brazil had high similarity coefficients, providing evidence of at least one population with clonal structure. There were clear genomic differences between most Brazilian and USA B. bassiana isolates. A Mantel test using data generated by AFLP provided evidence that greater geographical distances were associated with higher genetic distances. AFLP and rDNA sequencing demonstrated notable genotypic variation between B. bassiana and other Beauveria spp. Conclusion: Geographical distance between populations apparently is an important factor influencing genotypic variability among B. bassiana populations in Brazil. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study characterized many B. bassiana isolates. The results indicate that certain Brazilian isolates are considerably different from others and possibly should be regarded as separate species from B. bassiana sensu latu. The information on genetic variation among the Brazilian isolates, therefore, will be important to comprehending the population structure of B. bassiana in Brazil. ?? 2009 The Society for Applied Microbiology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04258.x","issn":"13645072","usgsCitation":"Fernandes, E., Moraes, A., Pacheco, R., Rangel, D., Miller, M., Bittencourt, V., and Roberts, D., 2009, Genetic diversity among brazilian isolates of beauveria bassiana: comparisons with non-brazilian isolates and other beauveria species: Journal of Applied Microbiology, v. 107, no. 3, p. 760-774, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04258.x.","startPage":"760","endPage":"774","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476137,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/28133","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217852,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04258.x"},{"id":245824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1571e4b0c8380cd54dfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fernandes, E.K.K.","contributorId":87384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandes","given":"E.K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moraes, A.M.L.","contributorId":17077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moraes","given":"A.M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pacheco, R.S.","contributorId":39221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pacheco","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rangel, D.E.N.","contributorId":32362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rangel","given":"D.E.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, M.P.","contributorId":47142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bittencourt, V.R.E.P.","contributorId":91342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bittencourt","given":"V.R.E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roberts, D.W.","contributorId":11828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70035318,"text":"70035318 - 2009 - Evaluation of airborne lidar data to predict vegetation Presence/Absence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035318","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of airborne lidar data to predict vegetation Presence/Absence","docAbstract":"This study evaluates the capabilities of the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) in delineating vegetation assemblages in Jean Lafitte National Park, Louisiana. Five-meter-resolution grids of bare earth, canopy height, canopy-reflection ratio, and height of median energy were derived from EAARL data acquired in September 2006. Ground-truth data were collected along transects to assess species composition, canopy cover, and ground cover. To decide which model is more accurate, comparisons of general linear models and generalized additive models were conducted using conventional evaluation methods (i.e., sensitivity, specificity, Kappa statistics, and area under the curve) and two new indexes, net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement. Generalized additive models were superior to general linear models in modeling presence/absence in training vegetation categories, but no statistically significant differences between the two models were achieved in determining the classification accuracy at validation locations using conventional evaluation methods, although statistically significant improvements in net reclassifications were observed. ?? 2009 Coastal Education and Research Foundation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/SI53-010.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M., Nayegandhi, A., Brock, J., Woodman, R., and Wright, C.W., 2009, Evaluation of airborne lidar data to predict vegetation Presence/Absence: Journal of Coastal Research, no. SPECIAL ISSUE 53, p. 83-97, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI53-010.1.","startPage":"83","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215493,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/SI53-010.1"},{"id":243303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"SPECIAL ISSUE 53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c41e4b0c8380cd52aca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M. 0000-0002-3786-5118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-5118","contributorId":12605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nayegandhi, A.","contributorId":95578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brock, J. 0000-0002-5289-9332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":71658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodman, R.","contributorId":107124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036753,"text":"70036753 - 2009 - Investigation of uptake and retention of atmospheric Hg(II) by boreal forest plants using stable Hg isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:12:09","indexId":"70036753","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of uptake and retention of atmospheric Hg(II) by boreal forest plants using stable Hg isotopes","docAbstract":"Although there is now a general consensus among mercury (Hg) biogeochemists that increased atmospheric inputs of inorganic Hg(II) to lakes and watersheds can result in increased methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in fish, researchers still lack kinetic data describing the movement of Hg from the atmosphere, through watershed and lake ecosystems, and into fish. The use of isotopically enriched Hg species in environmental studies now allows experimentally applied new Hg to be distinguished from ambient Hg naturally present in the system. Four different enriched stable Hg(II) isotope “spikes” were applied sequentially over four years to the ground vegetation of a microcatchment at the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) in the remote boreal forest of Canada to examine retention of Hg(II) following deposition. Areal masses of the spikes and ambient THg (all forms of Hg in a sample) were monitored for eight years, and the pattern of spike retention was used to estimate retention of newly deposited ambient Hg within the ground vegetation pool. Fifty to eighty percent of applied spike Hg was initially retained by ground vegetation. The areal mass of spike Hg declined exponentially over time and was best described by a first-order process with constants (k) ranging between 9.7 × 10−4 day−1 and 11.6 × 10−4day−1. Average half-life (t1/2) of spike Hg within the ground vegetation pool (±S.D.) was 704 ± 52 days. This retention of new atmospheric Hg(II) by vegetation delays movement of new Hg(II) into soil, runoff, and finally into adjacent lakes. Ground-applied Hg(II) spikes were not detected in tree foliage and litterfall, indicating that stomatal and/or root uptake of previously deposited Hg (i.e., “recycled” from ground vegetation or soil Hg pools) were likely not large sources of foliar Hg under these experimental conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es900357s","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Graydon, J., , L., Hintelmann, H., Lindberg, S., Sandilands, K., Rudd, J., Kelly, C., Tate, M., Krabbenhoft, D., and Lehnherr, I., 2009, Investigation of uptake and retention of atmospheric Hg(II) by boreal forest plants using stable Hg isotopes: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 13, p. 4960-4966, https://doi.org/10.1021/es900357s.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4960","endPage":"4966","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217821,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es900357s"}],"volume":"43","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3eaae4b0c8380cd63f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graydon, J.A.","contributorId":7902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graydon","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":" Louis","contributorId":71353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hintelmann, H.","contributorId":64423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hintelmann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindberg, S.E.","contributorId":87354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sandilands, K.A.","contributorId":63619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandilands","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rudd, J.W.M.","contributorId":45487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudd","given":"J.W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kelly, C.A.","contributorId":72564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tate, M.T.","contributorId":29638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lehnherr, I.","contributorId":97746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehnherr","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70037400,"text":"70037400 - 2009 - Rayleigh-wave mode separation by high-resolution linear radon transform","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037400","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rayleigh-wave mode separation by high-resolution linear radon transform","docAbstract":"Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method is an effective tool for obtaining vertical shear wave profiles from a single non-invasive measurement. One key step of the MASW method is generation of a dispersion image and extraction of a reliable dispersion curve from raw multichannel shot records. Because different Rayleigh-wave modes normally interfere with each other in the time and space domain, it is necessary to perform mode separation and reconstruction to increase the accuracy of phase velocities determined from a dispersion image. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of high-resolution linear Radon transform (LRT) as a means of separating and reconstructing multimode, dispersive Rayleigh-wave energy. We first introduce high-resolution LRT methods and Rayleigh-wave mode separation using high-resolution LRT. Next, we use synthetic data and a real-world example to demonstrate the effectiveness of Rayleigh-wave mode separation using high-resolution LRT. Our synthetic and real-world results demonstrate that (1) high-resolution LRT successfully separates and reconstructs multimode dispersive Rayleigh-wave energy with high resolution allowing the multimode energy to be more accurately determined. The horizontal resolution of the Rayleigh-wave method can be increased by extraction of dispersion curves from a pair of traces in the mode-separated shot gather and (2) multimode separation and reconstruction expand the usable frequency range of higher mode dispersive energy, which increases the depth of investigation and provides a means for accurately determining cut-off frequencies. ?? 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2009 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04277.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Miller, R., Xu, Y., Liu, J., and Liu, Q., 2009, Rayleigh-wave mode separation by high-resolution linear radon transform: Geophysical Journal International, v. 179, no. 1, p. 254-264, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04277.x.","startPage":"254","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217179,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04277.x"}],"volume":"179","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a955fe4b0c8380cd81994","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Q.","contributorId":17827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034639,"text":"70034639 - 2009 - Rupture parameters of the 2003 Zemmouri (Mw 6.8), Algeria, earthquake from joint inversion of interferometric synthetic aperture radar, coastal uplift, and GPS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034639","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rupture parameters of the 2003 Zemmouri (Mw 6.8), Algeria, earthquake from joint inversion of interferometric synthetic aperture radar, coastal uplift, and GPS","docAbstract":"We study the surface deformation associated with the 21 May 2003 (M w = 6.8) Zemmouri (Algeria) earthquake, the strongest seismic event felt in the Algiers region since 1716. The thrust earthquake mechanism and related surface deformation revealed an average 0.50 m coastal uplift along ??55-km-long coastline. We obtain coseismic interferograms using Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) (IS2) and RADARSAT standard beam (ST4) data from both the ascending and descending orbits of Envisat satellite, whereas the RADARSAT data proved useful only in the descending mode. While the two RADARSAT interferograms cover the earthquake area, Envisat data cover only the western half of the rupture zone. Although the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) coherence in the epicenter area is poor, deformation fringes are observed along the coast in different patches. In the Boumerdes area, the maximum coseismic deformation is indicated by the high gradient of fringes visible in all interferograms in agreement with field measurements (tape, differential GPS, leveling, and GPS). To constrain the earthquake rupture parameters, we model the interferograms and uplift measurements using elastic dislocations on triangular fault patches in an elastic and homogeneous half-space. We invert the coseismic slip using first, a planar surface and second, a curved fault, both constructed from triangular elements using Poly3Dinv program that uses a damped least square minimization. The best fit of InSAR, coastal uplift, and GPS data corresponds to a 65-km-long fault rupture dipping 40?? to 50?? SE, located at 8 to 13 km offshore with a change in strike west of Boumerdes from N60??-65?? to N95??-105??. The inferred rupture geometry at depth correlates well with the seismological results and may have critical implications for the seismic hazard assessment of the Algiers region. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JB005912","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Belabbes, S., Wicks, C., Cakir, Z., and Meghraoui, M., 2009, Rupture parameters of the 2003 Zemmouri (Mw 6.8), Algeria, earthquake from joint inversion of interferometric synthetic aperture radar, coastal uplift, and GPS: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 114, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005912.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487803,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005912","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215805,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005912"},{"id":243631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaed6e4b0c8380cd8724d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belabbes, S.","contributorId":13461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belabbes","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wicks, Charles 0000-0002-0809-1328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":9023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cakir, Z.","contributorId":62005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cakir","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meghraoui, M.","contributorId":35539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meghraoui","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034640,"text":"70034640 - 2009 - Developing framework to constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane on subduction interfaces a priori - A probabilistic approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-24T21:38:01","indexId":"70034640","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing framework to constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane on subduction interfaces a priori - A probabilistic approach","docAbstract":"A key step in many earthquake source inversions requires knowledge of the geometry of the fault surface on which the earthquake occurred. Our knowledge of this surface is often uncertain, however, and as a result fault geometry misinterpretation can map into significant error in the final temporal and spatial slip patterns of these inversions. Relying solely on an initial hypocentre and CMT mechanism can be problematic when establishing rupture characteristics needed for rapid tsunami and ground shaking estimates.\n\nHere, we attempt to improve the quality of fast finite-fault inversion results by combining several independent and complementary data sets to more accurately constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane of subducting slabs. Unlike previous analyses aimed at defining the general form of the plate interface, we require mechanisms and locations of the seismicity considered in our inversions to be consistent with their occurrence on the plate interface, by limiting events to those with well-constrained depths and with CMT solutions indicative of shallow-dip thrust faulting. We construct probability density functions about each location based on formal assumptions of their depth uncertainty and use these constraints to solve for the ‘most-likely’ fault plane.\n\nExamples are shown for the trench in the source region of the Mw 8.6 Southern Sumatra earthquake of March 2005, and for the Northern Chile Trench in the source region of the November 2007 Antofagasta earthquake. We also show examples using only the historic catalogues in regions without recent great earthquakes, such as the Japan and Kamchatka Trenches. In most cases, this method produces a fault plane that is more consistent with all of the data available than is the plane implied by the initial hypocentre and CMT mechanism. Using the aggregated data sets, we have developed an algorithm to rapidly determine more accurate initial fault plane geometries for source inversions of future earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.04035.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Hayes, G., and Wald, D., 2009, Developing framework to constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane on subduction interfaces a priori - A probabilistic approach: Geophysical Journal International, v. 176, no. 3, p. 951-964, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.04035.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"951","endPage":"964","costCenters":[{"id":415,"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487802,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2008.04035.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215806,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.04035.x"},{"id":243632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"176","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0010e4b0c8380cd4f57f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, G.P.","contributorId":75764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034641,"text":"70034641 - 2009 - Updating the 2001 National Land Cover Database land cover classification to 2006 by using Landsat imagery change detection methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T13:00:57","indexId":"70034641","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Updating the 2001 National Land Cover Database land cover classification to 2006 by using Landsat imagery change detection methods","docAbstract":"The recent release of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001, which represents the nation's land cover status based on a nominal date of 2001, is widely used as a baseline for national land cover conditions. To enable the updating of this land cover information in a consistent and continuous manner, a prototype method was developed to update land cover by an individual Landsat path and row. This method updates NLCD 2001 to a nominal date of 2006 by using both Landsat imagery and data from NLCD 2001 as the baseline. Pairs of Landsat scenes in the same season in 2001 and 2006 were acquired according to satellite paths and rows and normalized to allow calculation of change vectors between the two dates. Conservative thresholds based on Anderson Level I land cover classes were used to segregate the change vectors and determine areas of change and no-change. Once change areas had been identified, land cover classifications at the full NLCD resolution for 2006 areas of change were completed by sampling from NLCD 2001 in unchanged areas. Methods were developed and tested across five Landsat path/row study sites that contain several metropolitan areas including Seattle, Washington; San Diego, California; Sioux Falls, South Dakota; Jackson, Mississippi; and Manchester, New Hampshire. Results from the five study areas show that the vast majority of land cover change was captured and updated with overall land cover classification accuracies of 78.32%, 87.5%, 88.57%, 78.36%, and 83.33% for these areas. The method optimizes mapping efficiency and has the potential to provide users a flexible method to generate updated land cover at national and regional scales by using NLCD 2001 as the baseline.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2009.02.004","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Xian, G., Homer, C.G., and Fry, J., 2009, Updating the 2001 National Land Cover Database land cover classification to 2006 by using Landsat imagery change detection methods: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 6, p. 1133-1147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.02.004.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1133","endPage":"1147","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215835,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.02.004"}],"volume":"113","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd1fe4b08c986b328ed7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xian, George 0000-0001-5674-2204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":76589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fry, Joyce 0000-0002-8466-9582 jfry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8466-9582","contributorId":3147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fry","given":"Joyce","email":"jfry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":446824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034642,"text":"70034642 - 2009 - Modeling aluminum-silicon chemistries and application to Australian acidic playa lakes as analogues for Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034642","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling aluminum-silicon chemistries and application to Australian acidic playa lakes as analogues for Mars","docAbstract":"Recent Mars missions have stimulated considerable thinking about the surficial geochemical evolution of Mars. Among the major relevant findings are the presence in Meridiani Planum sediments of the mineral jarosite (a ferric sulfate salt) and related minerals that require formation from an acid-salt brine and oxidizing environment. Similar mineralogies have been observed in acidic saline lake sediments in Western Australia (WA), and these lakes have been proposed as analogues for acidic sedimentary environments on Mars. The prior version of the equilibrium chemical thermodynamic FREZCHEM model lacked Al and Si chemistries that are needed to appropriately model acidic aqueous geochemistries on Earth and Mars. The objectives of this work were to (1) add Al and Si chemistries to the FREZCHEM model, (2) extend these chemistries to low temperatures (<0 ??C), if possible, and (3) use the reformulated model to investigate parallels in the mineral precipitation behavior of acidic Australian lakes and hypothetical Martian brines. FREZCHEM is an equilibrium chemical thermodynamic model parameterized for concentrated electrolyte solutions using the Pitzer approach for the temperature range from <-70 to 25 ??C and the pressure range from 1 to 1000 bars. Aluminum chloride and sulfate mineral parameterizations were based on experimental data. Aluminum hydroxide and silicon mineral parameterizations were based on Gibbs free energy and enthalpy data. New aluminum and silicon parameterizations added 12 new aluminum/silicon minerals to this Na-K-Mg-Ca-Fe(II)-Fe(III)-Al-H-Cl-Br-SO4-NO3-OH-HCO3-CO3-CO2-O2-CH4-Si-H2O system that now contain 95 solid phases. There were similarities, differences, and uncertainties between Australian acidic, saline playa lakes and waters that likely led to the Burns formation salt accumulations on Mars. Both systems are similar in that they are dominated by (1) acidic, saline ground waters and sediments, (2) Ca and/or Mg sulfates, and (3) iron precipitates such as jarosite and hematite. Differences include: (1) the dominance of NaCl in many WA lakes, versus the dominance of Fe-Mg-Ca-SO4 in Meridiani Planum, (2) excessively low K+ concentrations in Meridiani Planum due to jarosite precipitation, (3) higher acid production in the presence of high iron concentrations in Meridiani Planum, and probably lower rates of acid neutralization and hence, higher acidities on Mars owing to colder temperatures, and (4) lateral salt patterns in WA lakes. The WA playa lakes display significant lateral variations in mineralogy and water chemistry over short distances, reflecting the interaction of acid ground waters with neutral to alkaline lake waters derived from ponded surface runoff. Meridiani Planum observations indicate that such lateral variations are much less pronounced, pointing to the dominant influence of ground water chemistry, vertical ground water movements, and aeolian processes on the Martian surface mineralogy. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2009.03.013","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Marion, G., Crowley, J., Thomson, B., Kargel, J., Bridges, N., Hook, S., Baldridge, A., Brown, A., Ribeiro da Luz, B., and de Souza, F.C., 2009, Modeling aluminum-silicon chemistries and application to Australian acidic playa lakes as analogues for Mars: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 11, p. 3493-3511, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.03.013.","startPage":"3493","endPage":"3511","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215864,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.03.013"},{"id":243696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bd1e4b0c8380cd6f812","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marion, G.M.","contributorId":44691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowley, J.K.","contributorId":103690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomson, B.J.","contributorId":90936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bridges, N.T.","contributorId":23673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hook, S.J.","contributorId":21711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baldridge, A.","contributorId":30316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldridge","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, A.J.","contributorId":54803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ribeiro da Luz, B.","contributorId":28423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribeiro da Luz","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"de Souza, Filho C.R.","contributorId":103483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Souza","given":"Filho","email":"","middleInitial":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ]}