{"pageNumber":"787","pageRowStart":"19650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46706,"records":[{"id":70035249,"text":"70035249 - 2009 - Megablocks and melt pockets in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure constrained by magnetic field measurements and properties of the Eyreville and Cape Charles cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035249","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Megablocks and melt pockets in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure constrained by magnetic field measurements and properties of the Eyreville and Cape Charles cores","docAbstract":"We use magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetization measurements of the Eyreville and Cape Charles cores in combination with new and previously collected magnetic field data in order to constrain structural features within the inner basin of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. The Eyreville core shows the first evidence of several-hundred-meter-thick basement-derived megablocks that have been transported possibly kilometers from their pre-impact location. The magnetic anomaly map of the structure exhibits numerous short-wavelength (<2 km) variations that indicate the presence of magnetic sources within the crater fill. With core magnetic properties and seismic reflection and refraction results as constraints, forward models of the magnetic field show that these sources may represent basementderived megablocks that are a few hundred meters thick or melt bodies that are a few dozen meters thick. Larger-scale magnetic field properties suggest that these bodies overlie deeper, pre-impact basement contacts between materials with different magnetic properties such as gneiss and schist or gneiss and granite. The distribution of the short-wavelength magnetic anomalies in combination with observations of small-scale (1-2 mGal) gravity field variations suggest that basement-derived megablocks are preferentially distributed on the eastern side of the inner crater, not far from the Eyreville core, at depths of around 1-2 km. A scenario where additional basement-derived blocks between 2 and 3 km depth are distributed throughout the inner basin-and are composed of more magnetic materials, such as granite and schist, toward the east over a large-scale magnetic anomaly high and less magnetic materials, such as gneiss, toward the west where the magnetic anomaly is lower-provides a good model fi t to the observed magnetic anomalies in a manner that is consistent with both gravity and seismic-refraction data. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(10)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Shah, A., Daniels, D.L., Kontny, A., and Brozena, J., 2009, Megablocks and melt pockets in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure constrained by magnetic field measurements and properties of the Eyreville and Cape Charles cores: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 458, p. 195-208, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(10).","startPage":"195","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215425,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(10)"},{"id":243231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5385e4b0c8380cd6cb3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shah, A. K. 0000-0002-3198-081X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-081X","contributorId":101789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"A. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Daniels, D. L.","contributorId":69114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kontny, A.","contributorId":80919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kontny","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brozena, J.","contributorId":67714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brozena","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035245,"text":"70035245 - 2009 - Field camp: Using traditional methods to train the next generation of petroleum geologists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035245","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field camp: Using traditional methods to train the next generation of petroleum geologists","docAbstract":"The summer field camp experience provides many students with their best opportunity to learn the scientific process by making observations and collecting, recording, evaluating, and interpreting geologic data. Field school projects enhance student professional development by requiring cooperation and interpersonal interaction, report writing to communicate interpretations, and the development of project management skills to achieve a common goal. The field school setting provides students with the opportunity to observe geologic features and their spatial distribution, size, and shape that will impact the student's future careers as geoscientists. The Les Huston Geology Field Camp (a.k.a. Oklahoma Geology Camp) near Ca??on City, Colorado, focuses on time-tested traditional methods of geological mapping and fieldwork to accomplish these goals. The curriculum consists of an introduction to field techniques (pacing, orienteering, measuring strike and dip, and using a Jacob's staff), sketching outcrops, section measuring (one illustrating facies changes), three mapping exercises (of increasing complexity), and a field geophysics project. Accurate rock and contact descriptions are emphasized, and attitudes and contacts are mapped in the field. Mapping is done on topographic maps at 1:12,000 and 1:6000 scales; air photos are provided. Global positioning system (GPS)-assisted mapping is allowed, but we insist that locations be recorded in the field and confirmed using visual observations. The course includes field trips to the Cripple Creek and Leadville mining districts, Floris-sant/Guffey volcano area, Pikes Peak batholith, and the Denver Basin. Each field trip is designed to emphasize aspects of geology that are not stressed in the field exercises. Students are strongly encouraged to accurately describe geologic features and gather evidence to support their interpretations of the geologic history. Concise reports are a part of each major exercise. Students are grouped into teams to (1) introduce the team concept and develop interpersonal skills that are fundamental components of many professions, (2) ensure safety, and (3) mix students with varying academic backgrounds and physical strengths. This approach has advantages and disadvantages. Students with academic strengths in specific areas assist those with less experience, thereby becoming engaged in the teaching process. However, some students contribute less to fi nal map projects than others, and assigning grades to individual team members can be diffi cult. The greatest challenges we face involve group dynamics and student personalities. We continue to believe that traditional fi eld methods, aided by (but not relying upon) new technologies, are the key to constructing and/or interpreting geologic maps. The requirement that students document fi eld evidence using careful observations teaches skills that will be benefi cial throughout their professional careers. ??2009 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2461(03)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Puckette, J., and Suneson, N., 2009, Field camp: Using traditional methods to train the next generation of petroleum geologists: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 461, p. 25-34, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2461(03).","startPage":"25","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215368,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2461(03)"},{"id":243165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"461","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fa6e4b0c8380cd53981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puckette, J.O.","contributorId":87386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckette","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suneson, N.H.","contributorId":96110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suneson","given":"N.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035243,"text":"70035243 - 2009 - Soil and nutrient retention in winter-flooded ricefields with implications for watershed management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035243","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil and nutrient retention in winter-flooded ricefields with implications for watershed management","docAbstract":"The ability of water resources to support aquatic life and human needs depends, in part, on reducing nonpoint source pollution amid contemporary agricultural practices. Winter retention of shallow water on rice and other agricultural fields is an accepted management practice for wildlife conservation; however, soil and water conservation benefits are not well documented. We evaluated the ability of four post-harvest ricefield treatment combinations (stubble-flooded, stubble-open, disked-flooded and disked-open) to abate nonpoint source exports into watersheds of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Total suspended solid exports were 1,121 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> (1,000 lb ac<sup>-1</sup>) from disked-open fields where rice stubble was disked after harvest and fields were allowed to drain, compared with 35 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> (31 lb ac<sup>-1</sup>) from stubble-flooded fields where stubble was left standing after harvest and fields captured rainfall from November 1 to March 1. Estimates of total suspended solid exports from ricefields based on Landsat imagery and USDA crop data are 0.43 and 0.40 Mg km<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> in the Big Sunflower and L'Anguille watersheds, respectively. Estimated reductions in total suspended solid exports from ricefields into the Big Sunflower and L'Anguille water-sheds range from 26% to 64% under hypothetical scenarios in which 65% to 100% of the rice production area is managed to capture winter rainfall. Winter ricefield management reduced nonpoint source export by decreasing concentrations of solids and nutrients in, and reducing runoff volume from, ricefields in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2489/jswc.64.3.173","issn":"00224561","usgsCitation":"Manley, S., Kaminski, R., Rodrigue, P., Dewey, J., Schoenholtz, S., Gerard, P., and Reinecke, K.J., 2009, Soil and nutrient retention in winter-flooded ricefields with implications for watershed management: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 64, no. 3, p. 173-182, https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.64.3.173.","startPage":"173","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215336,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.64.3.173"},{"id":243131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91e9e4b08c986b319b96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manley, S.W.","contributorId":13716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manley","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaminski, R.M.","contributorId":53330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminski","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodrigue, P.B.","contributorId":98559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodrigue","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dewey, J.C.","contributorId":7100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schoenholtz, S.H.","contributorId":60178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenholtz","given":"S.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gerard, P.D.","contributorId":16368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerard","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035200,"text":"70035200 - 2009 - Mesohaline submerged aquatic vegetation survey along the U.S. gulf of Mexico coast, 2001 and 2002: A salinity gradient approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-10T10:09:11","indexId":"70035200","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1873,"text":"Gulf of Mexico Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mesohaline submerged aquatic vegetation survey along the U.S. gulf of Mexico coast, 2001 and 2002: A salinity gradient approach","docAbstract":"<p><span>Distribution of marine submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV; i.e., seagrass) in the northern Gulf of Mexico coast has been documented, but there are nonmarine submersed or SAV species occurring in estuarine salinities that have not been extensively reported. We sampled 276 SAV beds along the gulf coast in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas in 2001 and 2002 in oligohaline to polyhaline (0 to 36 parts per thousand) waters to determine estuarine SAV species distribution and identify mesohaline SAV communities. A total of 20 SAV and algal species was identified and habitat characteristics such as salinity, water depth, pH, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and sediment composition were collected. Fourteen SAV species occurred two or more times in our samples. The most frequently occurring species was&nbsp;</span><i>Ruppia maritima</i><span>&nbsp;L. (n = 148), occurring in over half of SAV beds sampled.&nbsp;</span><i>Eleocharis</i><span>&nbsp;sp. (n = 47), characterized with an emergent rather than submerged growth form, was a common genus in the SAV beds sampled. A common marine species was&nbsp;</span><i>Halodule wrightii</i><span>&nbsp;Asch. (n = 36). Nonindigenous species&nbsp;</span><i>Myriophyllum spicatum</i><span>&nbsp;L. (n = 31) and&nbsp;</span><i>Hydrilla verticillata</i><span>&nbsp;(L. f.) Royle (n = 6) were present only in oligohaline water. Analyzing species occurrence and environmental characteristics using canonical correspondence and two-way indicator species analysis, we identify five species assemblages distinguished primarily by salinity and depth. Our survey increases awareness of nonmarine SAV as a natural resource in the gulf, and provides baseline data for future research.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Dauphin Island Sea Lab","doi":"10.18785/goms.2701.02","issn":"1087688X","usgsCitation":"Merino, J., Carter, J., and Merino, S., 2009, Mesohaline submerged aquatic vegetation survey along the U.S. gulf of Mexico coast, 2001 and 2002: A salinity gradient approach: Gulf of Mexico Science, v. 27, no. 1, p. 9-20, https://doi.org/10.18785/goms.2701.02.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487250,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.18785/goms.2701.02","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.55859375,\n              26.194876675795218\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6064453125,\n              26.194876675795218\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6064453125,\n              30.789036751261136\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.55859375,\n              30.789036751261136\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.55859375,\n              26.194876675795218\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5445e4b0c8380cd6cf25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merino, J.H.","contributorId":87748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merino","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, J. 0000-0003-0110-0284 carterj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0110-0284","contributorId":81839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.","email":"carterj@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merino, S.L. 0000-0002-2834-2243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2834-2243","contributorId":31219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merino","given":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035182,"text":"70035182 - 2009 - Spatial habitat use patterns of sea otters in coastal washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035182","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial habitat use patterns of sea otters in coastal washington","docAbstract":"Sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) movements, home range, and activity budgets were described from data collected during very-high-frequency radiotelemetry studies of 75 individuals on the outer coast of Washington State between 1992 and 1999. Sea otters were located at least once per week from 22 accessible sites along the coast. Over the 7-year study period, range expansion occurred from the core range north and east into the Strait of Juan de Fuca (SJF) as well as southward on the outer coast. Forty-three percent of the sea otters moved into the SJF at least once, most often in winter, using habitat that had not been occupied by sea otters since their extirpation 100 years ago. All sea otters spent portions of their time in the vicinity of Cape Alava, and many animals demonstrated consistent periodic seasonal shifts between specific portions of the coastline over several years. Ninety-five percent annual linear home ranges differed between sex and age classes. Adult males used the largest amount of coastline (50 km ?? 9 5D) and subadult females used the least (24 ?? 9 km). Both adult males and females demonstrated high seasonal periodicity in range use in summer and winter. Twenty-four-hour time budgets in the core portion of the range revealed on average sea otters spent 41% ?? 14% SD of the time foraging and 45% ?? 13% of the time resting (age and sex classes pooled). Adult and subadult female sea otters were most frequently found resting and foraging close to shore (< 1,000 m) and in shallow water (0-10 m), whereas adult and subadult males rested and foraged > 1,000 m offshore and at depths between 10 and 30 m. Given current rates of population growth and observed mobility, sea otters in Washington have high potential for range expansion into unoccupied habitat such as Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay, the SJF, or along Vancouver Island. ?? 2009 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/08-MAMM-A-338.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Laidre, K., Jameson, R., Gurarie, E., Jeffries, S., and Allen, H., 2009, Spatial habitat use patterns of sea otters in coastal washington: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 90, no. 4, p. 906-917, https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-338.1.","startPage":"906","endPage":"917","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476182,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-338.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215422,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-338.1"},{"id":243228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b947fe4b08c986b31ab16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laidre, K.L.","contributorId":88319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laidre","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jameson, R.J.","contributorId":56581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gurarie, E.","contributorId":103487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurarie","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jeffries, S.J.","contributorId":26262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffries","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, H.","contributorId":59209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035181,"text":"70035181 - 2009 - A multiscale analysis of coral reef topographic complexity using lidar-derived bathymetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T11:13:31.339903","indexId":"70035181","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multiscale analysis of coral reef topographic complexity using lidar-derived bathymetry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Coral reefs represent one of the most irregular substrates in the marine environment. This roughness or topographic complexity is an important structural characteristic of reef habitats that affects a number of ecological and environmental attributes, including species diversity and water circulation. Little is known about the range of topographic complexity exhibited within a reef or between different reef systems. The objective of this study was to quantify topographic complexity for a 5-km x 5-km reefscape along the northern Florida Keys reef tract, over spatial scales ranging from meters to hundreds of meters. The underlying dataset was a 1-m spatial resolution, digital elevation model constructed from lidar measurements. Topographic complexity was quantified using a fractal algorithm, which provided a multi-scale characterization of reef roughness. The computed fractal dimensions (</span><i>D</i><span>) are a measure of substrate irregularity and are bounded between values of 2 and 3. Spatial patterns in&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;were positively correlated with known reef zonation in the area. Landward regions of the study site contain relatively smooth (</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;≈ 2.35) flat-topped patch reefs, which give way to rougher (</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;≈ 2.5), deep, knoll-shaped patch reefs. The seaward boundary contains a mixture of substrate features, including discontinuous shelf-edge reefs, and exhibits a corresponding range of roughness values (2.28 ≤&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;≤ 2.61).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.2112/SI53-002.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Zawada, D., and Brock, J.C., 2009, A multiscale analysis of coral reef topographic complexity using lidar-derived bathymetry: Journal of Coastal Research, no. Special issue 53, p. 6-15, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI53-002.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243227,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"Special issue 53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48fe4b0c8380cd46715","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zawada, D.G.","contributorId":8938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zawada","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, J. C.","contributorId":36095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035159,"text":"70035159 - 2009 - Extraction of lidar-based dune-crest elevations for use in examining the vulnerability of beaches to inundation during hurricanes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T11:10:10.775401","indexId":"70035159","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extraction of lidar-based dune-crest elevations for use in examining the vulnerability of beaches to inundation during hurricanes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The morphology of coastal sand dunes plays an important role in determining how a beach will respond to a hurricane. Accurate measurements of dune height and position are essential for assessing the vulnerability of beaches to extreme coastal change during future landfalls. Lidar topographic surveys provide rapid, accurate, high-resolution datasets for identifying the location, position, and morphology of coastal sand dunes over large stretches of coast. An algorithm has been developed for identification of the crest of the most seaward sand dune that defines the landward limit of the beach system. Based on changes in beach slope along cross-shore transects of lidar data, dune elevation and location can automatically be extracted every few meters along the coastline. Dune elevations in conjunction with storm-induced water levels can be used to predict the type of coastal response (e.g., beach erosion, dune erosion, overwash, or inundation) that may be expected during hurricane landfall. The vulnerability of the beach system at Fire Island National Seashore in New York to the most extreme of these changes, inundation, is assessed by comparing lidar-derived dune elevations to modeled wave setup and storm surge height. The vulnerability of the beach system to inundation during landfall of a Category 3 hurricane is shown to be spatially variable because of longshore variations in dune height (mean elevation = 5.44 m, standard deviation = 1.32 m). Hurricane-induced mean water levels exceed dune elevations along 70% of the coastal park, making these locations more vulnerable to inundation during a Category 3 storm.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.2112/SI53-007.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Stockdon, H., Doran, K., and Sallenger, A.H., 2009, Extraction of lidar-based dune-crest elevations for use in examining the vulnerability of beaches to inundation during hurricanes: Journal of Coastal Research, no. Special Issue 53, p. 59-65, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI53-007.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"Special Issue 53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e5ee4b0c8380cd53402","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stockdon, H.F. 0000-0003-0791-4676","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":55992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"H.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doran, K.S. 0000-0001-8050-5727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-5727","contributorId":96497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"K.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sallenger, A. H. Jr.","contributorId":8818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035138,"text":"70035138 - 2009 - Internal tidal currents in the Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035138","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2381,"text":"Journal of Marine Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Internal tidal currents in the Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon","docAbstract":"Data from five separate field experiments during 2000-2006 were used to study the internal tidal flow patterns in the Gaoping (formerly spelled Kaoping) Submarine Canyon. The internal tides are large with maximum interface displacements of about 200??m and maximum velocities of over 100cm/s. They are characterized by a first-mode velocity and density structure with zero crossing at about 100??m depth. In the lower layer, the currents increase with increasing depth. The density interface and the along-channel velocity are approximately 90?? out-of-phase, suggesting a predominant standing wave pattern. However, partial reflection is indicated as there is a consistent phase advance between sea level and density interface along the canyon axis. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Marine Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.011","issn":"09247963","usgsCitation":"Lee, I., Wang, Y.#., Liu, J., Chuang, W., and Xu, J., 2009, Internal tidal currents in the Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon: Journal of Marine Systems, v. 76, no. 4, p. 397-404, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.011.","startPage":"397","endPage":"404","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215242,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.011"},{"id":243031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d30e4b0c8380cd6338e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, I.-H.","contributorId":47601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"I.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Y. #NAME?","contributorId":68475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.T.","contributorId":6682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chuang, W.-S.","contributorId":21364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chuang","given":"W.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xu, J.","contributorId":25324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035126,"text":"70035126 - 2009 - Post-fledging movements of juvenile Common Mergansers (mergus merganser) in Alaska as inferred by satellite telemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T14:08:56","indexId":"70035126","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-fledging movements of juvenile Common Mergansers (mergus merganser) in Alaska as inferred by satellite telemetry","docAbstract":"We implanted satellite transmitters into eight juvenile Common Mergansers to investigate post-fledging movements from their natal river in southcentral Alaska. Subsequently, they moved widely throughout portions of western and southcentral Alaska up to 750 km from their natal areas during fall and winter months. Transmitters of two birds (one male and one female) continued to send location data into their second year and allowed us to determine the location and timing of the flightless molt period for each bird. Overall, our data suggest that juvenile Common Mergansers range widely immediately after fledging, that second year males and females may differ in their movement patterns, and that these movements have implications for population genetic structure of this species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/063.032.0116","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J.M., and Petersen, M.R., 2009, Post-fledging movements of juvenile Common Mergansers (mergus merganser) in Alaska as inferred by satellite telemetry: Waterbirds, v. 32, no. 1, p. 133-137, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0116.","startPage":"133","endPage":"137","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215541,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0116"},{"id":243352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e66e4b0c8380cd7a508","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035115,"text":"70035115 - 2009 - The contemporary cement cycle of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T09:46:56","indexId":"70035115","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2383,"text":"Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The contemporary cement cycle of the United States","docAbstract":"A country-level stock and flow model for cement, an important construction material, was developed based on a material flow analysis framework. Using this model, the contemporary cement cycle of the United States was constructed by analyzing production, import, and export data for different stages of the cement cycle. The United States currently supplies approximately 80% of its cement consumption through domestic production and the rest is imported. The average annual net addition of in-use new cement stock over the period 2000-2004 was approximately 83 million metric tons and amounts to 2.3 tons per capita of concrete. Nonfuel carbon dioxide emissions (42 million metric tons per year) from the calcination phase of cement manufacture account for 62% of the total 68 million tons per year of cement production residues. The end-of-life cement discards are estimated to be 33 million metric tons per year, of which between 30% and 80% is recycled. A significant portion of the infrastructure in the United States is reaching the end of its useful life and will need to be replaced or rehabilitated; this could require far more cement than might be expected from economic forecasts of demand for cement. ?? 2009 Springer Japan.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10163-008-0229-x","issn":"14384957","usgsCitation":"Kapur, A., Van Oss, H., Keoleian, G., Kesler, S., and Kendall, A., 2009, The contemporary cement cycle of the United States: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, v. 11, no. 2, p. 155-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-008-0229-x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"165","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215362,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-008-0229-x"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa59e4b08c986b3227e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kapur, A.","contributorId":19390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapur","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Oss, H. G.","contributorId":84581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Oss","given":"H. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keoleian, G.","contributorId":71785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keoleian","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kesler, S.E.","contributorId":42717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kesler","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendall, A.","contributorId":48781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035110,"text":"70035110 - 2009 - Beneath the veil: Plant growth form influences the strength of species richness-productivity relationships in forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035110","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beneath the veil: Plant growth form influences the strength of species richness-productivity relationships in forests","docAbstract":"Aim: Species richness has been observed to increase with productivity at large spatial scales, though the strength of this relationship varies among functional groups. In forests, canopy trees shade understorey plants, and for this reason we hypothesize that species richness of canopy trees will depend on macroclimate, while species richness of shorter growth forms will additionally be affected by shading from the canopy. In this study we test for differences in species richness-productivity relationships (SRPRs) among growth forms (canopy trees, shrubs, herbaceous species) in small forest plots. Location: We analysed 231 plots ranging from 34.0?? to 48.3?? N latitude and from 75.0?? to 124.2?? W longitude in the United States. Methods: We analysed data collected by the USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis program for plant species richness partitioned into different growth forms, in small plots. We used actual evapotranspiration as a macroclimatic estimate of regional productivity and calculated the area of light-blocking tissue in the immediate area surrounding plots for an estimate of the intensity of local shading. We estimated and compared SRPRs for different partitions of the species richness dataset using generalized linear models and we incorporated the possible indirect effects of shading using a structural equation model. Results: Canopy tree species richness increased strongly with regional productivity, while local shading primarily explained the variation in herbaceous plant richness. Shrub species richness was related to both regional productivity and local shading. Main conclusions: The relationship between total forest plant species richness and productivity at large scales belies strong effects of local interactions. Counter to the pattern for overall richness, we found that understorey herbaceous plant species richness does not respond to regional productivity gradients, and instead is strongly influenced by canopy density, while shrub species richness is under multivariate control. ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00457.x","issn":"1466822X","usgsCitation":"Oberle, B., Grace, J., and Chase, J., 2009, Beneath the veil: Plant growth form influences the strength of species richness-productivity relationships in forests: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 18, no. 4, p. 416-425, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00457.x.","startPage":"416","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215297,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00457.x"},{"id":243092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0aee4b0c8380cd4a867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberle, B.","contributorId":15851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberle","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, J.M.","contributorId":90558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035104,"text":"70035104 - 2009 - Rapid incision of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon - insights from channel profiles, local incision rates, and modeling of lithologic controls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035104","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid incision of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon - insights from channel profiles, local incision rates, and modeling of lithologic controls","docAbstract":"The Colorado River system in southern Utah and northern Arizona is continuing to adjust to the baselevel fall responsible for the carving of the Grand Canyon. Estimates of bedrock incision rates in this area vary widely, hinting at the transient state of the Colorado and its tributaries. In conjunction with these data, we use longitudinal profiles of the Colorado and tributaries between Marble Canyon and Cataract Canyon to investigate the incision history of the Colorado in this region. We find that almost all of the tributaries in this region steepen as they enter the Colorado River. The consistent presence of oversteepened reaches with similar elevation drops in the lower section of these channels, and their coincidence within a corridor of high local relief along the Colorado, suggest that the tributaries are steepening in response to an episode of increased incision rate on the mainstem. This analysis makes testable predictions about spatial variations in incision rates; these predictions are consistent with existing rate estimates and can be used to guide further studies. We also present cosmogenic nuclide data from the Henry Mountains of southern Utah. We measured in situ <sup>10</sup>Be concentrations on four gravel-covered strath surfaces elevated from 1 m to 110 m above Trachyte Creek. The surfaces yield exposure ages that range from approximately 2??5 ka to 267 ka and suggest incision rates that vary between 350 and 600 m/my. These incision rates are similar to other rates determined within the high-relief corridor. Available data thus support the interpretation that tributaries of the Colorado River upstream of the Grand Canyon are responding to a recent pulse of rapid incision on the Colorado. Numerical modeling of detachment-limited bedrock incision suggests that this incision pulse is likely related to the upstream-dipping lithologic boundary at the northern edge of the Kaibab upwarp. ?? 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1790","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Cook, K.L., Whipple, K., Heimsath, A., and Hanks, T.C., 2009, Rapid incision of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon - insights from channel profiles, local incision rates, and modeling of lithologic controls: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 34, no. 7, p. 994-1010, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1790.","startPage":"994","endPage":"1010","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215239,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1790"},{"id":243028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94e8e4b0c8380cd816c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, K. L.","contributorId":34567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whipple, K.X.","contributorId":47187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whipple","given":"K.X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heimsath, A.M.","contributorId":52781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimsath","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034925,"text":"70034925 - 2009 - Sources and transformations of nitrate from streams draining varying land uses: Evidence from dual isotope analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:43:02","indexId":"70034925","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources and transformations of nitrate from streams draining varying land uses: Evidence from dual isotope analysis","docAbstract":"Knowledge of key sources and biogeochemical processes that affect the transport of nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) in streams can inform watershed management strategies for controlling downstream eutrophication. We applied dual isotope analysis of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> to determine the dominant sources and processes that affect NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> concentrations in six stream/river watersheds of different land uses. Samples were collected monthly at a range of flow conditions for 15 mo during 2004-05 and analyzed for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> concentrations, ?? <sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub>, and ??<sup>18</sup>O<sub>NO3</sub>. Samples from two forested watersheds indicated that NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> derived from nitrification was dominant at baseflow. A watershed dominated by suburban land use had three ??<sup>18</sup>O<sub>NO3</sub> values greater than +25???, indicating a large direct contribution of atmospheric NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> transported to the stream during some high flows. Two watersheds with large proportions of agricultural land use had many ??<sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub> values greater than +9???, suggesting an animal waste source consistent with regional dairy farming practices. These data showed a linear seasonal pattern with a ??<sup>18</sup>O <sub>NO3</sub>:??<sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub> of 1:2, consistent with seasonally varying denitrification that peaked in late summer to early fall with the warmest temperatures and lowest annual streamflow. The large range of ?? <sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub> values (10???) indicates that NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> supply was likely not limiting the rate of denitrification, consistent with ground water and/or in-stream denitrification. Mixing of two or more distinct sources may have affected the seasonal isotope patterns observed in these two agricultural streams. In a mixed land use watershed of large drainage area, none of the source and process patterns observed in the small streams were evident. These results emphasize that observations at watersheds of a few to a few hundred km<sup>2</sup> may be necessary to adequately quantify the relative roles of various NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> transport and process patterns that contribute to streamflow in large basins. Copyright ?? 2009 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2008.0371","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., Boyer, E., Elliott, E., and Kendall, C., 2009, Sources and transformations of nitrate from streams draining varying land uses: Evidence from dual isotope analysis: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 38, no. 3, p. 1149-1159, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0371.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1149","endPage":"1159","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215851,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0371"},{"id":243682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b935ee4b08c986b31a46a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyer, E.W.","contributorId":56358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, E.M.","contributorId":78064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034918,"text":"70034918 - 2009 - Effect of experimental manipulation on survival and recruitment of feral pigs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034918","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3777,"text":"Wildlife Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of experimental manipulation on survival and recruitment of feral pigs","docAbstract":"Lethal removal is commonly used to reduce the density of invasive-species populations, presuming it reduces population growth rate; the actual effect of lethal removal on the vital rates contributing to population growth, however, is rarely tested. We implemented a manipulative experiment of feral pig (Sus scrofa) populations at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA, to assess the demographic effects of harvest intensity. Using markrecapture data, we estimated annual survival, recruitment, and population growth rates of populations in a moderately harvested area and a heavily harvested area for 200406. Population growth rates did not differ between the populations. The top-ranked model for survival included a harvest intensity effect; model-averaged survival was lower for the heavily harvested population than for the moderately harvested population. Increased immigration and reproduction likely compensated for the increased mortality in the heavily harvested population. We conclude that compensatory responses in feral pig recruitment can limit the success of lethal control efforts. ?? 2009 CSIRO.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WR08077","issn":"10353712","usgsCitation":"Hanson, L., Mitchell, M., Grand, J., Jolley, D., Sparklin, B., and Ditchkoff, S., 2009, Effect of experimental manipulation on survival and recruitment of feral pigs: Wildlife Research, v. 36, no. 3, p. 185-191, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR08077.","startPage":"185","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215737,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WR08077"},{"id":243560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05dbe4b0c8380cd50fc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, L.B.","contributorId":36759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, M.S.","contributorId":26724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jolley, D.B.","contributorId":60862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolley","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sparklin, B.D.","contributorId":30047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparklin","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ditchkoff, S.S.","contributorId":100580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ditchkoff","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034898,"text":"70034898 - 2009 - Basin geometry and cumulative offsets in the Eastern Transverse Ranges, southern California: Implications for transrotational deformation along the San Andreas fault system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034898","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basin geometry and cumulative offsets in the Eastern Transverse Ranges, southern California: Implications for transrotational deformation along the San Andreas fault system","docAbstract":"The Eastern Transverse Ranges, adjacent to and southeast of the big left bend of the San Andreas fault, southern California, form a crustal block that has rotated clockwise in response to dextral shear within the San Andreas system. Previous studies have indicated a discrepancy between the measured magnitudes of left slip on through-going east-striking fault zones of the Eastern Transverse Ranges and those predicted by simple geometric models using paleomagnetically determined clockwise rotations of basalts distributed along the faults. To assess the magnitude and source of this discrepancy, we apply new gravity and magnetic data in combination with geologic data to better constrain cumulative fault offsets and to define basin structure for the block between the Pinto Mountain and Chiriaco fault zones. Estimates of offset from using the length of pull-apart basins developed within left-stepping strands of the sinistral faults are consistent with those derived by matching offset magnetic anomalies and bedrock patterns, indicating a cumulative offset of at most ???40 km. The upper limit of displacements constrained by the geophysical and geologic data overlaps with the lower limit of those predicted at the 95% confidence level by models of conservative slip located on margins of rigid rotating blocks and the clockwise rotation of the paleomagnetic vectors. Any discrepancy is likely resolved by internal deformation within the blocks, such as intense deformation adjacent to the San Andreas fault (that can account for the absence of basins there as predicted by rigid-block models) and linkage via subsidiary faults between the main faults. ?? 2009 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/GES00177.1","issn":"1553040X","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., and Powell, R.E., 2009, Basin geometry and cumulative offsets in the Eastern Transverse Ranges, southern California: Implications for transrotational deformation along the San Andreas fault system: Geosphere, v. 5, no. 1, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00177.1.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476352,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00177.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215907,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00177.1"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efede4b0c8380cd4a505","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":448217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, R. E.","contributorId":93046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034866,"text":"70034866 - 2009 - Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T12:55:14","indexId":"70034866","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches","docAbstract":"<p>The need for rapid assessments of recreational water quality to better protect public health is well accepted throughout the research and regulatory communities. Rapid analytical methods, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analysis, are being tested but are not yet ready for widespread use.</p><p>Another solution is the use of predictive models, wherein variable(s) that are easily and quickly measured are surrogates for concentrations of fecal-indicator bacteria. Rainfall-based alerts, the simplest type of model, have been used by several communities for a number of years. Deterministic models use mathematical representations of the processes that affect bacteria concentrations; this type of model is being used for beach-closure decisions at one location in the USA. Multivariable statistical models are being developed and tested in many areas of the USA; however, they are only used in three areas of the Great Lakes to aid in notifications of beach advisories or closings. These “operational” statistical models can result in more accurate assessments of recreational water quality than use of the previous day's <i>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</i>concentration as determined by traditional culture methods. The Ohio Nowcast, at Huntington Beach, Bay Village, Ohio, is described in this paper as an example of an operational statistical model. Because predictive modeling is a dynamic process, water-resource managers continue to collect additional data to improve the predictive ability of the nowcast and expand the nowcast to other Ohio beaches and a recreational river. Although predictive models have been shown to work well at some beaches and are becoming more widely accepted, implementation in many areas is limited by funding, lack of coordinated technical leadership, and lack of supporting epidemiological data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634980902905767","issn":"14634988","usgsCitation":"Francy, D.S., 2009, Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 177-182, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980902905767.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"182","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf5ce4b08c986b329af4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francy, Donna S. 0000-0001-9229-3557 dsfrancy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":1853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"Donna","email":"dsfrancy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034865,"text":"70034865 - 2009 - Thorium abundances on the Aristarchus plateau: Insights into the composition of the Aristarchus pyroclastic glass deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T13:54:33.027568","indexId":"70034865","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thorium abundances on the Aristarchus plateau: Insights into the composition of the Aristarchus pyroclastic glass deposits","docAbstract":"<p><span>Thorium (Th) data from the Lunar Prospector gamma ray spectrometer (LP‐GRS) are used to constrain the composition of lunar pyroclastic glass deposits on top of the Aristarchus plateau. Our goal is to use forward modeling of LP‐GRS Th data to measure the Th abundances on the plateau and then to determine if the elevated Th abundances on the plateau are associated with the pyroclastic deposits or with thorium‐rich ejecta from Aristarchus crater. We use a variety of remote sensing data to show that there is a large, homogenous portion of the pyroclastics on the plateau that has seen little or no contamination from the Th‐rich ejecta of Aristarchus crater. Our results show that the uncontaminated pyroclastic glasses on Aristarchus plateau have an average Th content of 6.7 ppm and ∼7 wt % TiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. These Th and Ti values are consistent with Th‐rich, intermediate‐Ti yellow glasses from the lunar sample suite. On the basis of this information, we use petrologic equations and interelement correlations for the Moon to estimate the composition of the source region from which the Aristarchus glasses were derived. We find that the source region for the Aristarchus glasses contained high abundances of heat‐producing elements, which most likely served as a thermal driver for the prolonged volcanic activity in this region of the Moon.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JE003262","usgsCitation":"Hagerty, J., Lawrence, D.J., Hawke, B.R., and Gaddis, L.R., 2009, Thorium abundances on the Aristarchus plateau: Insights into the composition of the Aristarchus pyroclastic glass deposits: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 114, no. E4, E04002; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JE003262.","productDescription":"E04002; 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"114","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb2e3e4b08c986b325a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagerty, Justin 0000-0003-3800-7948 jhagerty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-7948","contributorId":911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagerty","given":"Justin","email":"jhagerty@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, D. J.","contributorId":84952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawke, B. R.","contributorId":59591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawke","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034837,"text":"70034837 - 2009 - Using nitrogen stable isotopes to detect longdistance movement in a threatened cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034837","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using nitrogen stable isotopes to detect longdistance movement in a threatened cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah)","docAbstract":"Interior cutthroat trout occupy small fractions of their historic ranges and existing populations often are relegated to headwater habitats. Conservation requires balancing protection for isolated genetically pure populations with restoration of migratory life histories by reconnecting corridors between headwater and mainstem habitats. Identification of alternative life history strategies within a population is critical to these efforts. We tested the application of nitrogen stable isotopes to discern fluvial from resident Bonneville cutthroat trout (BCT; Oncorhynchus clarkii utah) in a headwater stream. Fluvial BCT migrate from headwater streams with good water quality to mainstem habitats with impaired water quality. Resident BCT remain in headwater streams. We tested two predictions: (i) fluvial BCT have a higher ??<sup>15</sup>N than residents, and (ii) fluvial BCT ??<sup>15</sup>N reflects diet and ??<sup>15</sup>N enrichment characteristics of mainstem habitats. We found that fluvial ??<sup>15</sup>N was greater than resident ??<sup>15</sup>N and that ??<sup>15</sup>N was a better predictor of life history than fish size. Our data also showed that fluvial and resident BCT had high diet overlap in headwater sites and that ??<sup>15</sup>N of lower trophic levels was greater in mainstem sites than in headwater sites. We conclude that the high ??<sup>15</sup>N values of fluvial BCT were acquired in mainstem sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F09-020","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, A., Colyer, W., Lowe, W., and Vinson, M., 2009, Using nitrogen stable isotopes to detect longdistance movement in a threatened cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 66, no. 4, p. 672-682, https://doi.org/10.1139/F09-020.","startPage":"672","endPage":"682","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215932,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F09-020"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc082e4b08c986b32a174","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, A.J.","contributorId":60044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colyer, W.T.","contributorId":104451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colyer","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowe, W.H.","contributorId":91961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vinson, M.R.","contributorId":44755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034831,"text":"70034831 - 2009 - Web-client based distributed generalization and geoprocessing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034831","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Web-client based distributed generalization and geoprocessing","docAbstract":"Generalization and geoprocessing operations on geospatial information were once the domain of complex software running on high-performance workstations. Currently, these computationally intensive processes are the domain of desktop applications. Recent efforts have been made to move geoprocessing operations server-side in a distributed, web accessible environment. This paper initiates research into portable client-side generalization and geoprocessing operations as part of a larger effort in user-centered design for the US Geological Survey's The National Map. An implementation of the Ramer-Douglas-Peucker (RDP) line simplification algorithm was created in the open source OpenLayers geoweb client. This algorithm implementation was benchmarked using differing data structures and browser platforms. The implementation and results of the benchmarks are discussed in the general context of client-side geoprocessing. (Abstract).","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems and Web Services, GEOWS 2009","conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems and Web Services, GEOWS 2009","conferenceDate":"1 February 2009 through 7 February 2009","conferenceLocation":"Cancun","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/GEOWS.2009.32","isbn":"9780769535272","usgsCitation":"Wolf, E., and Howe, K., 2009, Web-client based distributed generalization and geoprocessing, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems and Web Services, GEOWS 2009, Cancun, 1 February 2009 through 7 February 2009, p. 123-128, https://doi.org/10.1109/GEOWS.2009.32.","startPage":"123","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215816,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GEOWS.2009.32"},{"id":243642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfc5e4b08c986b32eaca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, E.B.","contributorId":62429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howe, K.","contributorId":41238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034827,"text":"70034827 - 2009 - Using nitrate to quantify quick flow in a karst aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034827","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using nitrate to quantify quick flow in a karst aquifer","docAbstract":"In karst aquifers, contaminated recharge can degrade spring water quality, but quantifying the rapid recharge (quick flow) component of spring flow is challenging because of its temporal variability. Here, we investigate the use of nitrate in a two-endmember mixing model to quantify quick flow in Barton Springs, Austin, Texas. Historical nitrate data from recharging creeks and Barton Springs were evaluated to determine a representative nitrate concentration for the aquifer water endmember (1.5 mg/L) and the quick flow endmember (0.17 mg/L for nonstormflow conditions and 0.25 mg/L for stormflow conditions). Under nonstormflow conditions for 1990 to 2005, model results indicated that quick flow contributed from 0% to 55% of spring flow. The nitrate-based two-endmember model was applied to the response of Barton Springs to a storm and results compared to those produced using the same model with ??<sup>18</sup>O and specific conductance (SC) as tracers. Additionally, the mixing model was modified to allow endmember quick flow values to vary over time. Of the three tracers, nitrate appears to be the most advantageous because it is conservative and because the difference between the concentrations in the two endmembers is large relative to their variance. The ??<sup>18</sup>O- based model was very sensitive to variability within the quick flow endmember, and SC was not conservative over the timescale of the storm response. We conclude that a nitrate-based two-endmember mixing model might provide a useful approach for quantifying the temporally variable quick flow component of spring flow in some karst systems. ?? 2008 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00499.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., and Garner, B., 2009, Using nitrate to quantify quick flow in a karst aquifer: Ground Water, v. 47, no. 3, p. 350-360, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00499.x.","startPage":"350","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215731,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00499.x"},{"id":243554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc081e4b08c986b32a16e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, B.D.","contributorId":25379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034825,"text":"70034825 - 2009 - Unique problems associated with seismic analysis of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034825","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unique problems associated with seismic analysis of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments","docAbstract":"Gas hydrate stability conditions restrict the occurrence of gas hydrate to unconsolidated and high water-content sediments at shallow depths. Because of these host sediments properties, seismic and well log data acquired for the detection of free gas and associated gas hydrate-bearing sediments often require nonconventional analysis. For example, a conventional method of identifying free gas using the compressional/shear-wave velocity (V<sub>p</sub>/V<sub>s</sub>) ratio at the logging frequency will not work, unless the free-gas saturations are more than about 40%. The P-wave velocity dispersion of partially gas-saturated sediments causes a problem in interpreting well log velocities and seismic data. Using the White, J.E. [1975. Computed seismic speeds and attenuation in rocks with partial gas saturation. Geophysics 40, 224-232] model for partially gas-saturated sediments, the difference between well log and seismic velocities can be reconciled. The inclusion of P-wave velocity dispersion in interpreting well log data is, therefore, essential to identify free gas and to tie surface seismic data to synthetic seismograms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.07.009","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., and Collett, T.S., 2009, Unique problems associated with seismic analysis of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 26, no. 6, p. 775-781, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.07.009.","startPage":"775","endPage":"781","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215673,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.07.009"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc87e4b08c986b328cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034824,"text":"70034824 - 2009 - Shallow seismic structure of Kunlun fault zone in northern Tibetan Plateau, China: Implications for the 2001 M s8.1 Kunlun earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-04T15:27:01.682951","indexId":"70034824","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow seismic structure of Kunlun fault zone in northern Tibetan Plateau, China: Implications for the 2001 M s8.1 Kunlun earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>The shallow seismic velocity structure of the Kunlun fault zone (KLFZ) was jointly deduced from seismic refraction profiling and the records of trapped waves that were excited by five explosions. The data were collected after the 2001 Kunlun&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>s8.1 earthquake in the northern Tibetan Plateau. Seismic phases for the in-line record sections (26 records up to a distance of 15 km) along the fault zone were analysed, and 1-D&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>- and&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>-wave velocity models of shallow crust within the fault zone were determined by using the seismic refraction method. Sixteen seismic stations were deployed along the off-line profile perpendicular to the fault zone. Fault-zone trapped waves appear clearly on the record sections, which were simulated with a 3-D finite difference algorithm. Quantitative analysis of the correlation coefficients of the synthetic and observed trapped waveforms indicates that the Kunlun fault-zone width is 300 m, and&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>-wave quality factor&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;within the fault zone is 15. Significantly,&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>-wave velocities within the fault zone are reduced by 30–45 per cent from surrounding rocks to a depth of at least 1–2 km, while&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>-wave velocities are reduced by 7–20 per cent. A fault-zone with such&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>- and&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>-low velocities is an indication of high fluid pressure because&nbsp;</span><i>Vs</i><span>&nbsp;is affected more than&nbsp;</span><i>Vp</i><span>. The low-velocity and low-</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;zone in the KLFZ model is the effect of multiple ruptures along the fault trace of the 2001&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>s8.1 Kunlun earthquake.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04049.x","issn":"","usgsCitation":"Wang, C., Mooney, W.D., Ding, Z., Yang, J., Yao, Z., and Lou, H., 2009, Shallow seismic structure of Kunlun fault zone in northern Tibetan Plateau, China: Implications for the 2001 M s8.1 Kunlun earthquake: Geophysical Journal International, v. 177, no. 3, p. 978-1000, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04049.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"978","endPage":"1000","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476300,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04049.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Tibetan Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              79.716796875,\n              27.293689224852407\n            ],\n            [\n              109.8193359375,\n              27.293689224852407\n            ],\n            [\n              109.8193359375,\n              37.996162679728116\n            ],\n            [\n              79.716796875,\n              37.996162679728116\n            ],\n            [\n              79.716796875,\n              27.293689224852407\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"177","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e38e4b08c986b3187d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Chun-Yong","contributorId":98893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Chun-Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ding, Z.","contributorId":51045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ding","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, J.","contributorId":60780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yao, Z.","contributorId":64057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yao","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lou, H.","contributorId":13009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lou","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034806,"text":"70034806 - 2009 - New light on a dark subject: On the use of fluorescence data to deduce redox states of natural organic matter (NOM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T14:07:31","indexId":"70034806","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":873,"text":"Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New light on a dark subject: On the use of fluorescence data to deduce redox states of natural organic matter (NOM)","docAbstract":"This paper reports the use of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEMS), parallel factor statistical analysis (PARAFAC), and oxidation-reduction experiments to examine the effect of redox conditions on PARAFAC model results for aqueous samples rich in natural organic matter. Fifty-four aqueous samples from 11 different geographic locations and two plant extracts were analyzed untreated and after chemical treatments or irradiation were used in attempts to change the redox status of the natural organic matter. The EEMS spectra were generated and modeled using a PARAFAC package developed by Cory and McKnight (2005). The PARAFAC model output was examined for consistency with previously reported relations and with changes expected to occur upon experimental oxidation and reduction of aqueous samples. Results indicate the implied fraction of total sample fluorescence attributed to quinone-like moieties was consistent (0.64 to 0.78) and greater than that observed by Cory and McKnight (2005). The fraction of the quinone-like moieties that was reduced (the reducing index, RI) showed relatively little variation (0.46 to 0.71) despite attempts to alter the redox status of the natural organic matter. The RI changed little after reducing samples using zinc metal, oxidizing at high pH with air, or irradiating with a Xenon lamp. Our results, however, are consistent with the correlations between the fluorescence indices (FI) of samples and the ratio of PARAFAC fitting parameters suggested by Cory and McKnight (2005), though we used samples with a much narrower range of FI values.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00027-009-9174-6","issn":"10151621","usgsCitation":"Macalady, D.L., and Walton-Day, K., 2009, New light on a dark subject: On the use of fluorescence data to deduce redox states of natural organic matter (NOM): Aquatic Sciences, v. 71, no. 2, p. 135-143, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-009-9174-6.","startPage":"135","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00027-009-9174-6"},{"id":243709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65e1e4b0c8380cd72c80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macalady, Donald L.","contributorId":62049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macalady","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034583,"text":"70034583 - 2009 - Dipping-interface mapping using mode-separated Rayleigh waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034583","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dipping-interface mapping using mode-separated Rayleigh waves","docAbstract":"Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method is a non-invasive geophysical technique that uses the dispersive characteristic of Rayleigh waves to estimate a vertical shear (S)-wave velocity profile. A pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section is constructed by aligning 1D S-wave velocity profiles at the midpoint of each receiver spread that are contoured using a spatial interpolation scheme. The horizontal resolution of the section is therefore most influenced by the receiver spread length and the source interval. Based on the assumption that a dipping-layer model can be regarded as stepped flat layers, high-resolution linear Radon transform (LRT) has been proposed to image Rayleigh-wave dispersive energy and separate modes of Rayleigh waves from a multichannel record. With the mode-separation technique, therefore, a dispersion curve that possesses satisfactory accuracy can be calculated using a pair of consecutive traces within a mode-separated shot gather. In this study, using synthetic models containing a dipping layer with a slope of 5, 10, 15, 20, or 30 degrees and a real-world example, we assess the ability of using high-resolution LRT to image and separate fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves from raw surface-wave data and accuracy of dispersion curves generated by a pair of consecutive traces within a mode-separated shot gather. Results of synthetic and real-world examples demonstrate that a dipping interface with a slope smaller than 15 degrees can be successfully mapped by separated fundamental waves using high-resolution LRT. ?? Birkh??user Verlag, Basel 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-009-0451-z","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Xu, Y., Zeng, C., Miller, R., and Liu, Q., 2009, Dipping-interface mapping using mode-separated Rayleigh waves: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 166, no. 3, p. 353-374, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-009-0451-z.","startPage":"353","endPage":"374","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215918,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-009-0451-z"},{"id":243754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"166","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01a9e4b0c8380cd4fcc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zeng, C.","contributorId":94519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Q.","contributorId":17827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034526,"text":"70034526 - 2009 - A global map of rainfed cropland areas (GMRCA) at the end of last millennium using remote sensing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034526","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2027,"text":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A global map of rainfed cropland areas (GMRCA) at the end of last millennium using remote sensing","docAbstract":"The overarching goal of this study was to produce a global map of rainfed cropland areas (GMRCA) and calculate country-by-country rainfed area statistics using remote sensing data. A suite of spatial datasets, methods and protocols for mapping GMRCA were described. These consist of: (a) data fusion and composition of multi-resolution time-series mega-file data-cube (MFDC), (b) image segmentation based on precipitation, temperature, and elevation zones, (c) spectral correlation similarity (SCS), (d) protocols for class identification and labeling through uses of SCS R<sup>2</sup>-values, bi-spectral plots, space-time spiral curves (ST-SCs), rich source of field-plot data, and zoom-in-views of Google Earth (GE), and (e) techniques for resolving mixed classes by decision tree algorithms, and spatial modeling. The outcome was a 9-class GMRCA from which country-by-country rainfed area statistics were computed for the end of the last millennium. The global rainfed cropland area estimate from the GMRCA 9-class map was 1.13 billion hectares (Bha). The total global cropland areas (rainfed plus irrigated) was 1.53 Bha which was close to national statistics compiled by FAOSTAT (1.51 Bha). The accuracies and errors of GMRCA were assessed using field-plot and Google Earth data points. The accuracy varied between 92 and 98% with kappa value of about 0.76, errors of omission of 2-8%, and the errors of commission of 19-36%. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2008.11.002","issn":"15698432","usgsCitation":"Biradar, C., Thenkabail, P., Noojipady, P., Li, Y., Dheeravath, V., Turral, H., Velpuri, M., Gumma, M., Gangalakunta, O., Cai, X., Xiao, X., Schull, M., Alankara, R., Gunasinghe, S., and Mohideen, S., 2009, A global map of rainfed cropland areas (GMRCA) at the end of last millennium using remote sensing: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, v. 11, no. 2, p. 114-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2008.11.002.","startPage":"114","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216037,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2008.11.002"},{"id":243876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e409e4b0c8380cd46386","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biradar, C.M.","contributorId":35563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biradar","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, P.S.","contributorId":66071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noojipady, P.","contributorId":42453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noojipady","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dheeravath, V.","contributorId":55234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dheeravath","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Turral, H.","contributorId":50750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turral","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Velpuri, M. 0000-0002-6370-1926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":7935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gumma, M.K.","contributorId":12286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumma","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gangalakunta, O.R.P.","contributorId":84588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gangalakunta","given":"O.R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cai, X.L.","contributorId":81711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"X.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Xiao, X.","contributorId":82869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Schull, M.A.","contributorId":70618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schull","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Alankara, R.D.","contributorId":94883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alankara","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Gunasinghe, S.","contributorId":50751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunasinghe","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Mohideen, S.","contributorId":90130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohideen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
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