{"pageNumber":"788","pageRowStart":"19675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46882,"records":[{"id":70036747,"text":"70036747 - 2009 - Seabird nest counts: A test of monitoring metrics using Red-tailed Tropicbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70036747","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seabird nest counts: A test of monitoring metrics using Red-tailed Tropicbirds","docAbstract":"Counts of nesting birds are often used to monitor the abundance of breeding pairs at colonies. Mean incubation counts (MICs) are counts of nests with eggs at intervals that correspond to the mean incubation period of a species. The sum of all counts during the nesting season (MIC<sub>total</sub>) and the highest single count during the season (MIC<sub>max</sub>) are metrics that can be generated from this method. However, the utility of these metrics as measures of the number of breeding pairs has not been well tested. We used two approaches to evaluate the bias and precision of MIC metrics for quantifying annual variation in the number of breeding Red-tailed Tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda) nesting on two islands in the Papahnaumokukea Marine National Monument in the northwest Hawaiian Islands. First, we used data from nest plots with individually marked birds to generate simulated MIC metrics that we compared to the known number of nesting individuals. The MIC<sub>total</sub> overestimated the number of pairs by about 5%, whereas the MIC<sub>max</sub> underestimated the number of pairs by about 60%. However, both metrics exhibited similar precision. Second, we used a 12-yr time series of island-wide MICs to compare estimates of temporal trend and annual variation using the MIC<sub>max</sub> and MIC<sub>total</sub>. The 95% confidence intervals for the trend estimates were overlapping and the residual standard errors for the two metrics were similar. Our results suggest that both metrics offered similar precision for indices of breeding pairs of Red-tailed Tropicbirds, but that MIC<sub>total</sub> was more accurate. ?? 2009 Association of Field Ornithologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00233.x","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Seavy, N., and Reynolds, M., 2009, Seabird nest counts: A test of monitoring metrics using Red-tailed Tropicbirds: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 80, no. 3, p. 297-302, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00233.x.","startPage":"297","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217767,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00233.x"},{"id":245731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8824e4b08c986b316803","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seavy, N.E.","contributorId":26403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seavy","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, M.H. 0000-0001-7253-8158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":64214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036745,"text":"70036745 - 2009 - Spatial and temporal patterns of chronic wasting disease: Fine-scale mapping of a wildlife epidemic in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-17T16:23:04","indexId":"70036745","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal patterns of chronic wasting disease: Fine-scale mapping of a wildlife epidemic in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Emerging infectious diseases threaten wildlife populations and human health. Understanding the spatial distributions of these new diseases is important for disease management and policy makers; however, the data are complicated by heterogeneities across host classes, sampling variance, sampling biases, and the space-time epidemic process. Ignoring these issues can lead to false conclusions or obscure important patterns in the data, such as spatial variation in disease prevalence. Here, we applied hierarchical Bayesian disease mapping methods to account for risk factors and to estimate spatial and temporal patterns of infection by chronic wasting disease (CWD) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) of Wisconsin, USA. We found significant heterogeneities for infection due to age, sex, and spatial location. Infection probability increased with age for all young deer, increased with age faster for young males, and then declined for some older animals, as expected from disease-associated mortality and age-related changes in infection risk. We found that disease prevalence was clustered in a central location, as expected under a simple spatial epidemic process where disease prevalence should increase with time and expand spatially. However, we could not detect any consistent temporal or spatiotemporal trends in CWD prevalence. Estimates of the temporal trend indicated that prevalence may have decreased or increased with nearly equal posterior probability, and the model without temporal or spatiotemporal effects was nearly equivalent to models with these effects based on deviance information criteria. For maximum interpretability of the role of location as a disease risk factor, we used the technique of direct standardization for prevalence mapping, which we develop and describe. These mapping results allow disease management actions to be employed with reference to the estimated spatial distribution of the disease and to those host classes most at risk. Future wildlife epidemiology studies should employ hierarchical Bayesian methods to smooth estimated quantities across space and time, account for heterogeneities, and then report disease rates based on an appropriate standardization. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-0578.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Osnas, E., Heisey, D., Rolley, R., and Samuel, M., 2009, Spatial and temporal patterns of chronic wasting disease: Fine-scale mapping of a wildlife epidemic in Wisconsin: Ecological Applications, v. 19, no. 5, p. 1311-1322, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0578.1.","startPage":"1311","endPage":"1322","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217740,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-0578.1"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70035343,"text":"70035343 - 2009 - Criticisms biologically unwarranted and analytically irrelevant: Reply to Rominger et al.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035343","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Criticisms biologically unwarranted and analytically irrelevant: Reply to Rominger et al.","docAbstract":"The criticisms of Rominger et al. (2008) of our retrospective analysis of desert bighorn sheep (DBS; Ovis canadensis mexicana) dynamics in the San Andres Mountains of south-central New Mexico, USA, contained many biological errors and analytical oversights. Herein, we show that Rominger et al. (2008) 1) overstated both magnitude and potential effect of predator removal; 2) incorrectly claimed that our total precipitation (TP) model did not fit the data when TP correctly classed ???66 of subsequent population increases and declines (P ??? 0.063); 3) presented a necessary prerequisite of the exponential model (serial correlation between Nt and Nt1) as the key relationship in the DBS data, when it merely reflected that DBS are strongly K-selected and was irrelevant to our hypothesis tests specific to factors affecting the instantaneous rate of population increase (r); 4) greatly oversimplified relationships among precipitation, arid environments, and DBS; and 5) advocated a time for collection of lamb/female (L/F) ratio data that was unrelated to any meaningful period in the biological year of DBS and consequently presented L/F ratio data unrelated to observed dynamics of DBS. In contrast, the L/F ratios used in Bender and Weisenberger (2005) correctly predicted annual changes and were correlated with long-term population rates of change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2008-219","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Bender, L.C., and Weisenberger, M., 2009, Criticisms biologically unwarranted and analytically irrelevant: Reply to Rominger et al.: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 5, p. 806-810, https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-219.","startPage":"806","endPage":"810","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215343,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2008-219"}],"volume":"73","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcb5e4b0c8380cd4e3ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, Louis C.","contributorId":72509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weisenberger, M.E.","contributorId":94084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisenberger","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033208,"text":"70033208 - 2009 - Depleted uranium analysis in blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033208","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2155,"text":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depleted uranium analysis in blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"In this study we report depleted uranium (DU) analysis in whole blood samples. Internal exposure to DU causes increased uranium levels as well as change in the uranium isotopic composition in blood specimen. For identification of DU exposure we used the 235U/238U ratio in blood samples, which ranges from 0.00725 for natural uranium to 0.002 for depleted uranium. Uranium quantification and isotopic composition analysis were performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. For method validation we used eight spiked blood samples with known uranium concentrations and isotopic composition. The detection limit for quantification was determined to be 4 ng L-1 uranium in whole blood. The data reproduced within 1-5% RSD and an accuracy of 1-4%. In order to achieve a 235U/238U ratio range of 0.00698-0.00752% with 99.7% confidence limit a minimum whole blood uranium concentration of 60 ng L??1 was required. An additional 10 samples from a cohort of veterans exposed to DU in Gulf War I were analyzed with no knowledge of their medical history. The measured 235U/ 238U ratios in the blood samples were used to identify the presence or absence of DU exposure within this patient group. ?? 2009 The Royal Society of Chemistry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1039/b816058a","issn":"02679","usgsCitation":"Todorov, T., Xu, H., Ejnik, J., Mullick, F., Squibb, K., McDiarmid, M., and Centeno, J., 2009, Depleted uranium analysis in blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, v. 24, no. 2, p. 189-193, https://doi.org/10.1039/b816058a.","startPage":"189","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213465,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b816058a"},{"id":241091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feb1e4b0c8380cd4ee86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todorov, T.I.","contributorId":10995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todorov","given":"T.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, H.","contributorId":83331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ejnik, J.W.","contributorId":67299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ejnik","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mullick, F.G.","contributorId":78161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullick","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Squibb, K.","contributorId":49612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squibb","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McDiarmid, M.A.","contributorId":25767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Centeno, J.A.","contributorId":73806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centeno","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035344,"text":"70035344 - 2009 - Hurricane Wilma's impact on overall soil elevation and zones within the soil profile in a mangrove forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-16T11:37:46","indexId":"70035344","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hurricane Wilma's impact on overall soil elevation and zones within the soil profile in a mangrove forest","docAbstract":"Soil elevation affects tidal inundation period, inundation frequency, and overall hydroperiod, all of which are important ecological factors affecting species recruitment, composition, and survival in wetlands. Hurricanes can dramatically affect a site's soil elevation. We assessed the impact of Hurricane Wilma (2005) on soil elevation at a mangrove forest location along the Shark River in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Using multiple depth surface elevation tables (SETs) and marker horizons we measured soil accretion, erosion, and soil elevation. We partitioned the effect of Hurricane Wilma's storm deposit into four constituent soil zones: surface (accretion) zone, shallow zone (0–0.35 m), middle zone (0.35–4 m), and deep zone (4–6 m). We report expansion and contraction of each soil zone. Hurricane Wilma deposited 37.0 (± 3.0 SE) mm of material; however, the absolute soil elevation change was + 42.8 mm due to expansion in the shallow soil zone. One year post-hurricane, the soil profile had lost 10.0 mm in soil elevation, with 8.5 mm of the loss due to erosion. The remaining soil elevation loss was due to compaction from shallow subsidence. We found prolific growth of new fine rootlets (209 ± 34 SE g m<sup>−2</sup>) in the storm deposited material suggesting that deposits may become more stable in the near future (i.e., erosion rate will decrease). Surficial erosion and belowground processes both played an important role in determining the overall soil elevation. Expansion and contraction in the shallow soil zone may be due to hydrology, and in the middle and bottom soil zones due to shallow subsidence. Findings thus far indicate that soil elevation has made substantial gains compared to site specific relative sea-level rise, but data trends suggest that belowground processes, which differ by soil zone, may come to dominate the long term ecological impact of storm deposit.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/08-125.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Whelan, K., Smith, T.J., Anderson, G., and Ouellette, M., 2009, Hurricane Wilma's impact on overall soil elevation and zones within the soil profile in a mangrove forest: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 1, p. 16-23, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-125.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"23","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215373,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-125.1"},{"id":243171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.52,24.85 ], [ -81.52,25.89 ], [ -80.39,25.89 ], [ -80.39,24.85 ], [ -81.52,24.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32b4e4b0c8380cd5e9fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whelan, K.R.T.","contributorId":11311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"K.R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, T. J. III","contributorId":24303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, G.H.","contributorId":93601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ouellette, M.L.","contributorId":89736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouellette","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035352,"text":"70035352 - 2009 - Hurricane frequency and landfall distribution for coastal wetlands of the Gulf coast, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035352","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hurricane frequency and landfall distribution for coastal wetlands of the Gulf coast, USA","docAbstract":"The regularity and severity of tropical storms are major determinants controlling ecosystem structure and succession for coastal ecosystems. Hurricane landfall rates vary greatly with high and low frequency for given coastal stretches of the southeastern United States. Site-specific meteorological data of hurricane wind speeds and direction, however, are only available for select populated cities of relatively sparse distribution and inland from the coast. A spatial simulation model of hurricane circulation, HURASIM, was applied to reconstruct chronologies of hurricane wind speeds and vectors for northern Gulf coast locations derived from historical tracking data of North Atlantic tropical storms dating back to 1851. Contrasts of storm frequencies showed that tropical storm incidence is nearly double for Florida coastal ecosystems than the westernmost stretches of Texas coastline. Finer-scale spatial simulations for the north-central Gulf coast exhibited sub-regional differences in storm strength and frequency with coastal position and latitude. The overall pattern of storm incidence in the Gulf basin indicates that the disturbance regime of coastal areas varies greatly along the coast, inland from the coast, and temporally over the period of record. Field and modeling studies of coastal ecosystems will benefit from this retrospective analysis of hurricane incidence and intensity both on a local or regional basis. ?? 2009 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/08-36.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Doyle, T., 2009, Hurricane frequency and landfall distribution for coastal wetlands of the Gulf coast, USA: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 1, p. 35-43, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-36.1.","startPage":"35","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215464,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-36.1"},{"id":243272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32b7e4b0c8380cd5ea11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70037485,"text":"70037485 - 2009 - Seismic analysis of clinoform depositional sequences and shelf-margin trajectories in Lower Cretaceous (Albian) strata, Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T16:33:21","indexId":"70037485","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":972,"text":"Basin Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic analysis of clinoform depositional sequences and shelf-margin trajectories in Lower Cretaceous (Albian) strata, Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lower Cretaceous strata beneath the Alaska North Slope include clinoform depositional sequences that filled the western Colville foreland basin and overstepped the Beaufort rift shoulder. Analysis of Albian clinoform sequences with two‐dimensional (2D) seismic data resulted in the recognition of seismic facies inferred to represent lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts. These are stacked to produce shelf‐margin trajectories that appear in low‐resolution seismic data to alternate between aggradational and progradational. Higher‐resolution seismic data reveal shelf‐margin trajectories that are more complex, particularly in net‐aggradational areas, where three patterns commonly are observed: (1) a negative (downward) step across the sequence boundary followed by mostly aggradation in the lowstand systems tract (LST), (2) a positive (upward) step across the sequence boundary followed by mostly progradation in the LST and (3) an upward backstep across a mass‐failure décollement. These different shelf‐margin trajectories are interpreted as (1) fall of relative sea level below the shelf edge, (2) fall of relative sea level to above the shelf edge and (3) mass‐failure removal of shelf‐margin sediment. Lowstand shelf margins mapped using these criteria are oriented north–south in the foreland basin, indicating longitudinal filling from west to east. The shelf margins turn westward in the north, where the clinoform depositional system overstepped the rift shoulder, and turn eastward in the south, suggesting progradation of depositional systems from the ancestral Brooks Range into the foredeep. Lowstand shelf‐margin orientations are consistently perpendicular to clinoform‐foreset‐dip directions. Although the Albian clinoform sequences of the Alaska North Slope are generally similar in stratal geometry to clinoform sequences elsewhere, they are significantly thicker. Clinoform‐sequence thickness ranges from 600–1000 m in the north to 1700–2000 m in the south, reflecting increased accommodation from the rift shoulder into the foredeep. The unusually thick clinoform sequences suggest significant subsidence followed by rapid sediment influx.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2117.2008.00392.x","issn":"0950091X","usgsCitation":"Houseknecht, D.W., Bird, K.J., and Schenk, C.J., 2009, Seismic analysis of clinoform depositional sequences and shelf-margin trajectories in Lower Cretaceous (Albian) strata, Alaska North Slope: Basin Research, v. 21, no. 5, p. 644-654, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2008.00392.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"644","endPage":"654","ipdsId":"IP-012915","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217066,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2008.00392.x"}],"volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8aede4b08c986b317481","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036822,"text":"70036822 - 2009 - What constitutes a nesting attempt? Variation in criteria causes bias and hinders comparisons across studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T12:30:15","indexId":"70036822","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What constitutes a nesting attempt? Variation in criteria causes bias and hinders comparisons across studies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Because reliable estimates of nesting success are very important to avian studies, the defnition of a “successful nest” and the use of different analytical methods to estimate success have received much attention. By contrast, variation in the criteria used to determine whether an occupied site that did not produce offspring contained a nesting attempt is a source of bias that has been largely ignored. This problem is especially severe in studies that deal with species whose nest contents are relatively inaccessible because observers cannot determine whether or not an egg was laid for a large proportion of occupied sites. Burrowing Owls (</span><i>Athene cunicularia</i><span>) often lay their eggs ≥3 m below ground, so past Burrowing Owl studies have used a variety of criteria to determine whether a nesting attempt was initiated. We searched the literature to document the extent of that variation and examined how that variation influenced estimates of daily nest survival. We found 13 different sets of criteria used by previous authors and applied each criterion to our data set of 1,300 occupied burrows. We found significant variation in estimates of daily nest survival depending on the criteria used. Moreover, differences in daily nest survival among populations were apparent using some sets of criteria but not others. These inconsistencies may lead to incorrect conclusions and invalidate comparisons of the productivity and relative site quality among populations. We encourage future authors working on cavity-, canopy-, or burrow-nesting birds to provide specific details on the criteria they used to identify a nesting attempt.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2009.06259","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Garcia, V., and Conway, C., 2009, What constitutes a nesting attempt? Variation in criteria causes bias and hinders comparisons across studies: The Auk, v. 126, no. 1, p. 31-40, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.06259.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476166,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.06259","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd032e4b08c986b32ed0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, V.","contributorId":95707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032775,"text":"70032775 - 2009 - Histopathology of repeated, intermittent exposure of chloramine-T to walleye (Sander vitreum) and (Ictalurus punctalus) channel catfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032775","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Histopathology of repeated, intermittent exposure of chloramine-T to walleye (Sander vitreum) and (Ictalurus punctalus) channel catfish","docAbstract":"Chloramine-T (Cl-T) has been used safely and effectively to control bacterial gill disease in salmonids at a maximum exposure regimen of up to four consecutive, once-daily exposures administered for 60??min at 20??mg/L. However, data to document safe treatment concentrations of Cl-T are lacking for freshwater-reared fish other than salmonids. We report the histopathology resultant from the administration of 12 consecutive, once-daily, 180-min static immersion baths of 0, 20, 50, or 80??mg Cl-T/L to walleye (20????C) and channel catfish (27????C). Twelve fish of each species were euthanized immediately before the first exposure (initial controls) and then after the twelfth exposure and 7 and 14??days after the twelfth exposure. Only initial controls and fish euthanized immediately after the twelfth exposure were processed for histological review because of the general lack of exposure-related lesions in exposed fish. The only exposure-related histological changes were in the spleen where significantly greater erythrocyte swelling and necrosis was observed in channel catfish exposed at 80??mg/L relative to exposure at 0??mg/L; similar histological changes were insignificant for walleye, though there appeared to be a shift in the general category of histological change with degenerative changes (necrosis, etc.) observed following exposure at 50 or 80??mg/L compared to the inflammatory and hemodynamic changes (congestion, leukocyte infiltrate, etc.) observed in walleye exposed at 0 or 20??mg/L. The only significant change in peripheral blood cytology was that walleye fingerlings exposed at 80??mg/L had significantly fewer mature red blood cells and significantly more immature red blood cells per oil-immersion field than controls. The histopathological changes observed following exposure to Cl-T under an exaggerated exposure regimen suggest that walleye or channel catfish therapeutically exposed to Cl-T will not have treatment-related histological changes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.020","issn":"00448","usgsCitation":"Gaikowski, M., Densmore, C.L., and Blazer, V., 2009, Histopathology of repeated, intermittent exposure of chloramine-T to walleye (Sander vitreum) and (Ictalurus punctalus) channel catfish: Aquaculture, v. 287, no. 1-2, p. 28-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.020.","startPage":"28","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214015,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.020"},{"id":241700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"287","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3158e4b0c8380cd5de4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaikowski, M.P. 0000-0002-6507-9341","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":51685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Christine L.","contributorId":18316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037418,"text":"70037418 - 2009 - Evaluating wildlife response to coastal dune habitat restoration in san francisco, california","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037418","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating wildlife response to coastal dune habitat restoration in san francisco, california","docAbstract":"The vast dune system that once dominated the entire western half of the San Francisco peninsula in California has been reduced to a few fragments that conserve locally threatened plant and animal species. We measured the effects of ongoing restoration efforts on wildlife abundance and diversity on one of the largest of these fragments, Fort Funston in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Efforts included removal of non-native species, active restoration of native dune vegetation, and restricted visitor use. We collected data regarding the composition and abundance of vegetation, birds, and ground-dwelling vertebrates on four treatments including an actively restored area with restricted visitor use, an unrestored area where visitor use had been restricted for ten years, an unrestored area where visitor use had been restricted for two years, and an unrestored area with unrestricted visitor use. Results indicated that the diversity and abundance of wildlife species, as well as the richness and cover of native plant species, were greater in the restored area than in all other sampled areas. Restricted visitor use alone had only modest positive effects on the abundance and diversity of wildlife and the richness and cover of native plant species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Restoration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3368/er.27.4.439","issn":"15434079","usgsCitation":"Russell, W., Shulzitski, J., and Setty, A., 2009, Evaluating wildlife response to coastal dune habitat restoration in san francisco, california: Ecological Restoration, v. 27, no. 4, p. 439-448, https://doi.org/10.3368/er.27.4.439.","startPage":"439","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217237,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.27.4.439"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c05e4b0c8380cd529d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, W.","contributorId":87785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shulzitski, J.","contributorId":76578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shulzitski","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Setty, A.","contributorId":72620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Setty","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034685,"text":"70034685 - 2009 - Assessment of water quality trends in the Minnesota River using non-parametric and parametric methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034685","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of water quality trends in the Minnesota River using non-parametric and parametric methods","docAbstract":"Excessive loading of sediment and nutrients to rivers is a major problem in many parts of the United States. In this study, we tested the non-parametric Seasonal Kendall (SEAKEN) trend model and the parametric USGS Quality of Water trend program (QWTREND) to quantify trends in water quality of the Minnesota River at Fort Snelling from 1976 to 2003. Both methods indicated decreasing trends in flow-adjusted concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), and orthophosphorus (OP) and a generally increasing trend in flow-adjusted nitrate plus nitrite-nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub>-N) concentration. The SEAKEN results were strongly influenced by the length of the record as well as extreme years (dry or wet) earlier in the record. The QWTREND results, though influenced somewhat by the same factors, were more stable. The magnitudes of trends between the two methods were somewhat different and appeared to be associated with conceptual differences between the flow-adjustment processes used and with data processing methods. The decreasing trends in TSS, TP, and OP concentrations are likely related to conservation measures implemented in the basin. However, dilution effects from wet climate or additional tile drainage cannot be ruled out. The increasing trend in NO<sub>3</sub>-N concentrations was likely due to increased drainage in the basin. Since the Minnesota River is the main source of sediments to the Mississippi River, this study also addressed the rapid filling of Lake Pepin on the Mississippi River and found the likely cause to be increased flow due to recent wet climate in the region. Copyright ?? 2009 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2008.0250","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Johnson, H., Gupta, S., Vecchia, A.V., and Zvomuya, F., 2009, Assessment of water quality trends in the Minnesota River using non-parametric and parametric methods: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 38, no. 3, p. 1018-1030, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0250.","startPage":"1018","endPage":"1030","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216013,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0250"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee85e4b0c8380cd49dd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, H.O.","contributorId":13796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gupta, S.C.","contributorId":58863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gupta","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vecchia, A. V.","contributorId":23533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zvomuya, F.","contributorId":82942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zvomuya","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034686,"text":"70034686 - 2009 - Deposition and flux of sediment from the Po River, Italy: An idealized and wintertime numerical modeling study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034686","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deposition and flux of sediment from the Po River, Italy: An idealized and wintertime numerical modeling study","docAbstract":"Recent studies of sediment dynamics and clinoform development in the northern Adriatic Sea focused on winter 2002-2003 and provided the data and motivation for development of a detailed sediment-transport model for the area near the Po River delta. We used both idealized test cases and more realistic simulations to improve our understanding of seasonal sediment dynamics there. We also investigated the relationship between physical processes and the observed depositional products; e.g. the accumulation of sediment very near the Po River distributary mouths. Sediment transport near the Po River was evaluated using a three-dimensional ocean model coupled to sediment-transport calculations that included wave- and current-induced resuspension, suspended-sediment transport, multiple grain classes, and fluvial input from the Po River. High-resolution estimates from available meteorological and wave models were used to specify wind, wave, and meteorological forcing. Model results indicated that more than half of the discharged sediment remained within 15??km of the Po River distributary mouths, even after two months of intensive reworking by winter storms. During floods of the Po River, transport in the middle to upper water column dominated sediment fluxes. Otherwise, sediment fluxes from the subaqueous portion of the delta were confined to the bottom few meters of the water column, and correlated with increases in current speed and wave energy. Spatial and temporal variation in wind velocities determined depositional patterns and the directions of sediment transport. Northeasterly Bora winds produced relatively more eastward transport, while southwesterly Sirocco winds generated fluxes towards both the north and the south. Eastward transport accounted for the majority of the sediment exported from the subaqueous delta, most likely due to the frequent occurrence of Bora conditions. Progradation of the Po River delta into the Adriatic Sea may restrict the formation of the Western Adriatic Coastal Current, increasing sediment retention at the Po delta and reducing the supply of sediment to the Apennine margin. A positive morphodynamic feedback may therefore be present whereby the extension of the delta into the Adriatic increases sediment accumulation at the delta and facilitates further progradation. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2009.01.007","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Bever, A., Harris, C.K., Sherwood, C.R., and Signell, R.P., 2009, Deposition and flux of sediment from the Po River, Italy: An idealized and wintertime numerical modeling study: Marine Geology, v. 260, no. 1-4, p. 69-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2009.01.007.","startPage":"69","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216014,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2009.01.007"}],"volume":"260","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feb6e4b0c8380cd4eea6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bever, A.J.","contributorId":48766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bever","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, C. K.","contributorId":80337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Signell, R. P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034689,"text":"70034689 - 2009 - Uncertainty in georeferencing current and historic plant locations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034689","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty in georeferencing current and historic plant locations","docAbstract":"With shrinking habitats, weed invasions, and climate change, repeated surveys are becoming increasingly important for rare plant conservation and ecological restoration. We often need to relocate historical sites or provide locations for newly restored sites. Georeferencing is the technique of giving geographic coordinates to the location of a site. Georeferencing has been done historically using verbal descriptions or field maps that accompany voucher collections. New digital technology gives us more exact techniques for mapping and storing location information. Error still exists, however, and even georeferenced locations can be uncertain, especially if error information is not included with the observation. We review the concept of uncertainty in georeferencing and compare several institutional database systems for cataloging error and uncertainty with georeferenced locations. These concepts are widely discussed among geographers, but ecologists and restorationists need to become more aware of issues related to uncertainty to improve our use of spatial information in field studies. ?? 2009 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Restoration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3368/er.27.2.152","issn":"15434079","usgsCitation":"McEachern, K., and Niessen, K., 2009, Uncertainty in georeferencing current and historic plant locations: Ecological Restoration, v. 27, no. 2, p. 152-159, https://doi.org/10.3368/er.27.2.152.","startPage":"152","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215600,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.27.2.152"},{"id":243414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc25e4b08c986b328a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEachern, K.","contributorId":67438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niessen, K.","contributorId":65297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niessen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034690,"text":"70034690 - 2009 - Sources of uncertainty in flood inundation maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-08T15:42:25","indexId":"70034690","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2289,"text":"Journal of Flood Risk Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of uncertainty in flood inundation maps","docAbstract":"Flood inundation maps typically have been used to depict inundated areas for floods having specific exceedance levels. The uncertainty associated with the inundation boundaries is seldom quantified, in part, because all of the sources of uncertainty are not recognized and because data available to quantify uncertainty seldom are available. Sources of uncertainty discussed in this paper include hydrologic data used for hydraulic model development and validation, topographic data, and the hydraulic model. The assumption of steady flow, which typically is made to produce inundation maps, has less of an effect on predicted inundation at lower flows than for higher flows because more time typically is required to inundate areas at high flows than at low flows. Difficulties with establishing reasonable cross sections that do not intersect and that represent water-surface slopes in tributaries contribute additional uncertainties in the hydraulic modelling. As a result, uncertainty in the flood inundation polygons simulated with a one-dimensional model increases with distance from the main channel.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Flood Risk Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/j.1753-318X.2009.01029.x","usgsCitation":"Bales, J., and Wagner, C.R., 2009, Sources of uncertainty in flood inundation maps: Journal of Flood Risk Management, v. 2, no. 2, p. 139-147, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2009.01029.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476446,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318x.2009.01029.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215601,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2009.01029.x"},{"id":243415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9397e4b08c986b31a59d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, J. D.","contributorId":21569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, C. R.","contributorId":102881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034692,"text":"70034692 - 2009 - Water quality characterization in some birimian aquifers of the Birim Basin, Ghana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034692","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2578,"text":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water quality characterization in some birimian aquifers of the Birim Basin, Ghana","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the main controls on the hydrochemistry of groundwater in the study area. Mass balance modeling was used simultaneously with multivariate R-mode hierarchical cluster analysis to determine the significant sources of variation in the hydrochemistry. Two water types have been revealed in this area: (1) waters influenced more significantly by the weathering of silicate minerals from the underlying geology, and are rich in silica, sodium, calcium, bicarbonate, and magnesium ions, and (2) waters that have been influenced by the effects of fertilizers and other anthropogenic activities in the area. Mineral speciation and silicate mineral stability diagrams generated from the data suggest that montmorillonite, probably derived from the incongruent dissolution of feldspars and micas, is the most stable silicate phase in the groundwater. The apparent incongruent weathering of silicate minerals in the groundwater system has led to the enrichment of sodium, calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate ions as well as silica, leading to the supersaturation of calcite, aragonite, dolomite and quartz. Stability in the montmorillonite field suggests restricted flow conditions whereby groundwater residence time is relatively high, leading to greater contact of groundwater with the rock to enhance weathering. Cation exchange processes have also been determined to play minor roles in the hydrochemistry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12205-009-0179-4","issn":"12267988","usgsCitation":"Bruce, B., Yidana, S., Anku, Y., Akabzaa, T., and Asiedu, D., 2009, Water quality characterization in some birimian aquifers of the Birim Basin, Ghana: KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, v. 13, no. 3, p. 179-187, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-009-0179-4.","startPage":"179","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476443,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-009-0179-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215631,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-009-0179-4"},{"id":243448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc88fe4b08c986b32c9c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruce, B.-Y.","contributorId":101477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruce","given":"B.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yidana, S.M.","contributorId":59554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yidana","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anku, Y.","contributorId":96083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anku","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Akabzaa, T.","contributorId":39580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akabzaa","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Asiedu, D.","contributorId":76131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asiedu","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034694,"text":"70034694 - 2009 - GIS applications for military operations in coastal zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034694","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1958,"text":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GIS applications for military operations in coastal zones","docAbstract":"In order to successfully support current and future US military operations in coastal zones, geospatial information must be rapidly integrated and analyzed to meet ongoing force structure evolution and new mission directives. Coastal zones in a military-operational environment are complex regions that include sea, land and air features that demand high-volume databases of extreme detail within relatively narrow geographic corridors. Static products in the form of analog maps at varying scales traditionally have been used by military commanders and their operational planners. The rapidly changing battlefield of 21st Century warfare, however, demands dynamic mapping solutions. Commercial geographic information system (GIS) software for military-specific applications is now being developed and employed with digital databases to provide customized digital maps of variable scale, content and symbolization tailored to unique demands of military units. Research conducted by the Center for Remote Sensing and Mapping Science at the University of Georgia demonstrated the utility of GIS-based analysis and digital map creation when developing large-scale (1:10,000) products from littoral warfare databases. The methodology employed-selection of data sources (including high resolution commercial images and Lidar), establishment of analysis/modeling parameters, conduct of vehicle mobility analysis, development of models and generation of products (such as a continuous sea-land DEM and geo-visualization of changing shorelines with tidal levels)-is discussed. Based on observations and identified needs from the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, formerly the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, and the Department of Defense, prototype GIS models for military operations in sea, land and air environments were created from multiple data sets of a study area at US Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. Results of these models, along with methodologies for developing large-scale littoral warfare databases, aid the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency in meeting littoral warfare analysis, modeling and map generation requirements for US military organizations. ?? 2008 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.10.004","issn":"09242716","usgsCitation":"Fleming, S., Jordan, T., Madden, M., Usery, E., and Welch, R., 2009, GIS applications for military operations in coastal zones: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, v. 64, no. 2, p. 213-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.10.004.","startPage":"213","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215663,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.10.004"},{"id":243482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1465e4b0c8380cd54a08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, S.","contributorId":90954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordan, T.","contributorId":18197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madden, M.","contributorId":18068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Welch, R.","contributorId":6996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034696,"text":"70034696 - 2009 - Developmental toxicity in white leghorn chickens following in ovo exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-17T09:29:46","indexId":"70034696","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3261,"text":"Reproductive Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developmental toxicity in white leghorn chickens following in ovo exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)","docAbstract":"Studies show that perfluorinated compounds cause various toxicological effects; nevertheless, effects on immune function and developmental endpoints have not been addressed at length. This study examined the effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in white leghorn hatchlings on various developmental, immunological, and clinical health parameters. In addition, serum PFOS concentrations were determined by LC/MS/MS. Embryonic day (ED) 0 eggs were injected with either safflower oil/10% DMSO (control, 0 mg/kg egg wt) or PFOS in safflower oil/10% DMSO at 1, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg egg wt, and the chicks were grown to post-hatch day (PHD) 14. Treatment with PFOS did not affect hatch rate. Following in ovo exposure chicks exhibited increases in spleen mass at all treatment levels, in liver mass at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg egg wt, and in body length (crown-rump length) at the 5 mg/kg treatment. Right wings were shorter in all treatments compared to control. Increases in the frequency of brain asymmetry were evident in all treatment groups. SRBC-specific immunoglobulin (IgM and IgY combined) titers were decreased significantly at all treatment levels, while plasma lysozyme activity was increased at all treatment levels. The PHA skin test response decreased in relation to increasing PFOS dose. Serum concentrations where significant immunological, morphological, and neurological effects were observed at the lowest dose (1 mg/kg egg wt) averaged 154 ng PFOS/g serum. These concentrations fall within environmental ranges reported in blood samples from wild caught avian species; thereby, verifying that the environmental egg concentrations used for the injections do indeed relate to serum levels in hatchlings that are also environmentally relevant. These data indicate that immune alterations and brain asymmetry can occur in birds following in ovo exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PFOS and demonstrates the need for further research on the developmental effects of perfluorinated compounds in various species. ?? 2009 Elsevier Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reproductive Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.10.009","issn":"08906238","usgsCitation":"Peden-Adams, M.M., Stuckey, J.E., Gaworecki, K., Berger-Ritchie, J., Bryant, K., Jodice, P., Scott, T., Ferrario, J., Guan, B., Vigo, C., Boone, J., McGuinn, W., DeWitt, J., and Keil, D., 2009, Developmental toxicity in white leghorn chickens following in ovo exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS): Reproductive Toxicology, v. 27, no. 3-4, p. 307-318, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.10.009.","startPage":"307","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-008257","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215695,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.10.009"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0084e4b0c8380cd4f798","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peden-Adams, M. M.","contributorId":16281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peden-Adams","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuckey, Joyce E.","contributorId":106761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckey","given":"Joyce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaworecki, K.M.","contributorId":74253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaworecki","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berger-Ritchie, J.","contributorId":105608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger-Ritchie","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bryant, K.","contributorId":19043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jodice, P.G.","contributorId":67371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scott, T.R.","contributorId":76195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ferrario, J.B.","contributorId":96163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrario","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Guan, B.","contributorId":80974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guan","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Vigo, C.","contributorId":9134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vigo","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Boone, J.S.","contributorId":41708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"McGuinn, W.D.","contributorId":80975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuinn","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"DeWitt, J.C.","contributorId":28490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Keil, D.E.","contributorId":75823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keil","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70037305,"text":"70037305 - 2009 - Synergistic use of optical and InSAR data for urban impervious surface mapping: A case study in Hong Kong","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T16:07:12","indexId":"70037305","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synergistic use of optical and InSAR data for urban impervious surface mapping: A case study in Hong Kong","docAbstract":"<p><span>A wide range of urban ecosystem studies, including urban hydrology, urban climate, land use planning and watershed resource management, require accurate and up‐to‐date geospatial data of urban impervious surfaces. In this study, the potential of the synergistic use of optical and InSAR data in urban impervious surface mapping at the sub‐pixel level was investigated. A case study in Hong Kong was conducted for this purpose by applying a classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm to SPOT 5 multispectral imagery and ERS‐2 SAR data. Validated by reference data derived from high‐resolution colour‐infrared (CIR) aerial photographs, our results show that the addition of InSAR feature information can improve the estimation of impervious surface percentage (ISP) in comparison with using SPOT imagery alone. The improvement is especially notable in separating urban impervious surface from the vacant land/bare ground, which has been a difficult task in ISP modelling with optical remote sensing data. In addition, the results demonstrate the potential to map urban impervious surface by using InSAR data alone. This allows frequent monitoring of world's cities located in cloud‐prone and rainy areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160802555838","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Jiang, L., Liao, M., Lin, H., and Yang, L., 2009, Synergistic use of optical and InSAR data for urban impervious surface mapping: A case study in Hong Kong: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 30, no. 11, p. 2781-2796, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160802555838.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2781","endPage":"2796","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217119,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160802555838"}],"volume":"30","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba340e4b08c986b31fc2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, L.","contributorId":107530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liao, M.","contributorId":86600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lin, H.","contributorId":17854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034713,"text":"70034713 - 2009 - Ground and surface temperature variability for remote sensing of soil moisture in a heterogeneous landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034713","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground and surface temperature variability for remote sensing of soil moisture in a heterogeneous landscape","docAbstract":"At the Little River Watershed (LRW) heterogeneous landscape near Tifton Georgia US an in situ network of stations operated by the US Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service-Southeast Watershed Research Lab (USDA-ARS-SEWRL) was established in 2003 for the long term study of climatic and soil biophysical processes. To develop an accurate interpolation of the in situ readings that can be used to produce distributed representations of soil moisture (SM) and energy balances at the landscape scale for remote sensing studies, we studied (1) the temporal and spatial variations of ground temperature (GT) and infra red temperature (IRT) within 30 by 30 m plots around selected network stations; (2) the relationship between the readings from the eight 30 by 30 m plots and the point reading of the network stations for the variables SM, GT and IRT; and (3) the spatial and temporal variation of GT and IRT within agriculture landuses: grass, orchard, peanuts, cotton and bare soil in the surrounding landscape. The results showed high correlations between the station readings and the adjacent 30 by 30 m plot average value for SM; high seasonal independent variation in the GT and IRT behavior among the eight 30 by 30 m plots; and site specific, in-field homogeneity in each 30 by 30 m plot. We found statistical differences in the GT and IRT between the different landuses as well as high correlations between GT and IRT regardless of the landuse. Greater standard deviations for IRT than for GT (in the range of 2-4) were found within the 30 by 30 m, suggesting that when a single point reading for this variable is selected for the validation of either remote sensing data or water-energy models, errors may occur. The results confirmed that in this landscape homogeneous 30 by 30 m plots can be used as landscape spatial units for soil moisture and ground temperature studies. Under this landscape conditions small plots can account for local expressions of environmental processes, decreasing the errors and uncertainties in remote sensing estimates caused by landscape heterogeneity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.010","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Giraldo, M., Bosch, D., Madden, M., Usery, L., and Finn, M., 2009, Ground and surface temperature variability for remote sensing of soil moisture in a heterogeneous landscape: Journal of Hydrology, v. 368, no. 1-4, p. 214-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.010.","startPage":"214","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215925,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.010"}],"volume":"368","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a8be4b0c8380cd5b26f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giraldo, M.A.","contributorId":65591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giraldo","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bosch, D.","contributorId":83241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bosch","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madden, M.","contributorId":18068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Usery, L.","contributorId":76442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finn, M.","contributorId":45539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033231,"text":"70033231 - 2009 - Potential effects of runoff, fluvial sediment, and nutrient discharges on the coral reefs of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033231","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of runoff, fluvial sediment, and nutrient discharges on the coral reefs of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Coral reefs, the foundation and primary structure of many highly productive and diverse tropical marine ecosystems, have been degraded by human activity in much of the earth's tropical oceans. To contribute to improved understanding of this problem, the potential relation between river sediment and nutrient discharges and degradation of coral reefs surrounding Puerto Rico was studied using streamflow, suspended-sediment, and water-quality data. Mean annual runoff for the 8711 km2 island is 911 mm, about 57% of mean annual precipitation (1600 mm). Mean annual suspended-sediment discharge from Puerto Rico to coastal waters is estimated at 2.7-9.0 million metric tonnes. Storm runoff transports a substantial part of sediment: the highest recorded daily sediment discharge is 1-3.6 times the mean annual sediment discharge. Hurricane Georges (1998) distributed an average of 300 mm of rain across the island, equivalent to a volume of about 2.6 billion m3. Runoff of more than 1.0 billion m3 of water and as much as 5 to 10 million metric tonnes of sediment were discharged to the coast and shelf. Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in river waters are as much as 10 times the estimated presettlement levels. Fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus concentrations in many Puerto Rico rivers are near or above regulatory limits. Unlike sediment discharges, which are predominantly episodic and intense, river-borne nutrient and fecal discharge is a less-intense but chronic stressor to coral reefs found near the mouths of rivers. Negative effects of riverderived sediment and nutrient discharge on coral reefs are especially pronounced on the north, southwest, and west coasts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/07-0920.1","issn":"07490","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., and Webb, R., 2009, Potential effects of runoff, fluvial sediment, and nutrient discharges on the coral reefs of Puerto Rico: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 25, no. 1, p. 189-208, https://doi.org/10.2112/07-0920.1.","startPage":"189","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476232,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2112/07-0920.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213284,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/07-0920.1"},{"id":240894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7edee4b0c8380cd7a7d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, M. C.","contributorId":66287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, R.M.T.","contributorId":99369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034714,"text":"70034714 - 2009 - Monitoring the removal of phosphate from ground water discharging through a pond-bottom permeable reactive barrier","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T11:23:57","indexId":"70034714","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring the removal of phosphate from ground water discharging through a pond-bottom permeable reactive barrier","docAbstract":"<p><span>Installation of a permeable reactive barrier to intercept a phosphate (PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>) plume where it discharges to a pond provided an opportunity to develop and test methods for monitoring the barrier’s performance in the shallow pond‐bottom sediments. The barrier is composed of zero‐valent‐iron mixed with the native sediments to a 0.6‐m depth over a 1100‐m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;area. Permanent suction, diffusion, and seepage samplers were installed to monitor PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and other chemical species along vertical transects through the barrier and horizontal transects below and near the top of the barrier. Analysis of pore water sampled at about 3‐cm vertical intervals by using multilevel diffusion and suction samplers indicated steep decreases in PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations in ground water flowing upward through the barrier. Samples from vertically aligned pairs of horizontal multiport suction samplers also indicated substantial decreases in PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations and lateral shifts in the plume’s discharge area as a result of varying pond stage. Measurements from Lee‐style seepage meters indicated substantially decreased PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations in discharging ground water in the treated area; temporal trends in water flux were related to pond stage. The advantages and limitations of each sampling device are described. Preliminary analysis of the first 2 years of data indicates that the barrier reduced PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;flux by as much as 95%.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01235.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"McCobb, T., LeBlanc, D., and Massey, A., 2009, Monitoring the removal of phosphate from ground water discharging through a pond-bottom permeable reactive barrier: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 29, no. 2, p. 43-55, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01235.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476227,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01235.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215926,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2009.01235.x"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5df1e4b0c8380cd706d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCobb, T.D. 0000-0003-1533-847X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-847X","contributorId":97944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCobb","given":"T.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, D.R.","contributorId":87141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Massey, A.J.","contributorId":17065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034715,"text":"70034715 - 2009 - Modelling predation by transient leopard seals for an ecosystem-based management of Southern Ocean fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034715","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling predation by transient leopard seals for an ecosystem-based management of Southern Ocean fisheries","docAbstract":"Correctly quantifying the impacts of rare apex marine predators is essential to ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management, where harvesting must be sustainable for targeted species and their dependent predators. This requires modelling the uncertainty in such processes as predator life history, seasonal abundance and movement, size-based predation, energetic requirements, and prey vulnerability. We combined these uncertainties to evaluate the predatory impact of transient leopard seals on a community of mesopredators (seals and penguins) and their prey at South Georgia, and assess the implications for an ecosystem-based management. The mesopredators are highly dependent on Antarctic krill and icefish, which are targeted by regional fisheries. We used a state-space formulation to combine (1) a mark-recapture open-population model and individual identification data to assess seasonally variable leopard seal arrival and departure dates, numbers, and residency times; (2) a size-based bioenergetic model; and (3) a size-based prey choice model from a diet analysis. Our models indicated that prey choice and consumption reflected seasonal changes in leopard seal population size and structure, size-selective predation and prey vulnerability. A population of 104 (90-125) leopard seals, of which 64% were juveniles, consumed less than 2% of the Antarctic fur seal pup production of the area (50% of total ingested energy, IE), but ca. 12-16% of the local gentoo penguin population (20% IE). Antarctic krill (28% IE) were the only observed food of leopard seal pups and supplemented the diet of older individuals. Direct impacts on krill and fish were negligible, but the \"escapement\" due to leopard seal predation on fur seal pups and penguins could be significant for the mackerel icefish fishery at South Georgia. These results suggest that: (1) rare apex predators like leopard seals may control, and may depend on, populations of mesopredators dependent on prey species targeted by fisheries; and (2) predatory impacts and community control may vary throughout the predator's geographic range, and differ across ecosystems and management areas, depending on the seasonal abundance of the prey and the predator's dispersal movements. This understanding is important to integrate the predator needs as natural mortality of its prey in models to set prey catch limits for fisheries. Reliable estimates of the variability of these needs are essential for a precautionary interpretation in the context of an ecosystem-based management. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.03.020","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Forcada, J., Malone, D., Royle, J., and Staniland, I., 2009, Modelling predation by transient leopard seals for an ecosystem-based management of Southern Ocean fisheries: Ecological Modelling, v. 220, no. 12, p. 1513-1521, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.03.020.","startPage":"1513","endPage":"1521","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215955,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.03.020"},{"id":243792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"220","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c72e4b0c8380cd6fcd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forcada, J.","contributorId":31506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forcada","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malone, D.","contributorId":59642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Staniland, I.J.","contributorId":82433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staniland","given":"I.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034720,"text":"70034720 - 2009 - Aroclor 1248 exposure leads to immunomodulation, decreased disease resistance and endocrine disruption in the brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-08T08:04:54","indexId":"70034720","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aroclor 1248 exposure leads to immunomodulation, decreased disease resistance and endocrine disruption in the brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus","docAbstract":"The brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus is a species of the family Ictaluridae commonly used as a sentinel of environmental contamination. While these fish have been utilized for this purpose in areas contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), few controlled, laboratory-based studies have been designed to document the effects of PCB mixtures in this species. Here, brown bullhead were exposed to the PCB mixture, Aroclor 1248, via intraperitoneal injection and the effects on immune function, plasma hormones and disease resistance were evaluated. Exposure to this mixture led to a decrease in bactericidal activity and circulating antibodies to Edwardsiella ictaluri present from a previous exposure to this pathogen. A subsequent E. ictaluri disease challenge led to significantly higher mortality in A1248 treated fish compared to vehicle-control fish. The mitogenic response to the T-cell mitogen, phytohemaglutinin-P, was increased compared to vehicle-control fish. The steroid hormone, cortisol, and the thyroid hormone, T3, were also significantly lower in A1248 exposed fish. In summary, we have validated a number of functional immune assays for application in brown bullhead immunotoxicity studies. Additionally, we have demonstrated that the PCB mixture (A1248) modulates both immune function and endocrine physiology in brown bullhead. Such data may compliment the interpretation of data yielded from applied field studies conducted in PCB contaminated aquatic ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.03.008","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Iwanowicz, L., Blazer, V., McCormick, S., Van Veld, P., and Ottinger, C., 2009, Aroclor 1248 exposure leads to immunomodulation, decreased disease resistance and endocrine disruption in the brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 93, no. 1, p. 70-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.03.008.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.03.008"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed7ee4b0c8380cd49832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iwanowicz, L. R. 0000-0002-1197-6178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":43864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Veld, P.A.","contributorId":77729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Veld","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ottinger, C. A. 0000-0003-2551-1985","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-1985","contributorId":8796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036740,"text":"70036740 - 2009 - On the use of high-resolution topographic data as a proxy for seismic site conditions (V<sub>S30</sub>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70036740","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the use of high-resolution topographic data as a proxy for seismic site conditions (V<sub>S30</sub>)","docAbstract":"An alternative method has recently been proposed for evaluating global seismic site conditions, or the average shear velocity to 30 m depth (V<sub>S30</sub>), from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 30 arcsec digital elevation models (DEMs). The basic premise of the method is that the topographic slope can be used as a reliable proxy for V<sub>S30</sub> in the absence of geologically and geotechnically based site-condition maps through correlations between VS30 measurements and topographic gradient. Here we evaluate the use of higher-resolution (3 and 9 arcsec) DEMs to examine whether we are able to resolve V<sub>S30</sub> in more detail than can be achieved using the lower-resolution SRTM data. High-quality DEMs at resolutions greater than 30 arcsec are not uniformly available at the global scale. However, in many regions where such data exist, they may be employed to resolve finer-scale variations in topographic gradient, and consequently, V<sub>S30</sub>. We use the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Data Center's National Elevation Dataset (NED) to investigate the use of high-resolution DEMs for estimating V<sub>S30</sub> in several regions across the United States, including the San Francisco Bay area in California, Los Angeles, California, and St. Louis, Missouri. We compare these results with an example from Taipei, Taiwan, that uses 9 arcsec SRTM data, which are globally available. The use of higher-resolution NED data recovers finer-scale variations in topographic gradient, which better correlate to geological and geomorphic features, in particular, at the transition between hills and basins, warranting their use over 30 arcsec SRTM data where available. However, statistical analyses indicate little to no improvement over lower-resolution topography when compared to V<sub>S30</sub> measurements, suggesting that some topographic smoothing may provide more stable V<sub>S30</sub> estimates. Furthermore, we find that elevation variability in canopy-based SRTM measurements at resolutions greater than 30 arcsec are too large to resolve reliable slopes, particularly in low-gradient sedimentary basins.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080255","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Allen, T., and Wald, D., 2009, On the use of high-resolution topographic data as a proxy for seismic site conditions (V<sub>S30</sub>): Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 2 A, p. 935-943, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080255.","startPage":"935","endPage":"943","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217654,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080255"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2 A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e0ae4b0c8380cd75467","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, T.I.","contributorId":6659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"T.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036739,"text":"70036739 - 2009 - Avian response to wildfire in interior Columbia basin shrubsteppe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T14:41:34","indexId":"70036739","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian response to wildfire in interior Columbia basin shrubsteppe","docAbstract":"Wildfire and conversion of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) shrublands to cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) grasslands is a serious threat to the shrubsteppe ecosystem, but few studies have documented wildfire's effects on birds with multiple years of pre- and post-fire data. Using data from avian point counts recorded 4 years before and 7 years after a large-scale, severe wildfire in the Columbia Basin of south-central Washington, we found significant effects of fire on population trends or mean abundance of nearly all species investigated. The Sage Sparrow (Amphispiza belli), a sagebrush obligate, was decreasing at a high rate both pre- and post-fire. Among species inhabiting more open shrubsteppe or grasslands, the mean abundance of three (Grasshopper Sparrow, Ammodramus savannarum; Western Meadowlark, Sturnella neglecta; Vesper Sparrow, Pooecetes gramineus) was lower post-fire and one (Lark Sparrow, Chondestes grammacus) showed an initial, but short-lived, increase post-fire before dropping below pre-fire levels. Only one (Horned Lark, Eremophila alpestris) increased steadily post-fire and had higher post-fire mean abundance. ?? 2009 by The Cooper Ornithological Society. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1525/cond.2009.080109","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Earnst, S., Newsome, H., LaFramboise, W., and LaFramboise, N., 2009, Avian response to wildfire in interior Columbia basin shrubsteppe: Condor, v. 111, no. 2, p. 370-376, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080109.","startPage":"370","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476307,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080109","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217653,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080109"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef71e4b0c8380cd4a247","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earnst, S.L.","contributorId":27018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newsome, H.L.","contributorId":47615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newsome","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaFramboise, W.L.","contributorId":96120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaFramboise","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaFramboise, N.","contributorId":38819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaFramboise","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}