{"pageNumber":"789","pageRowStart":"19700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46882,"records":[{"id":70034835,"text":"70034835 - 2009 - Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T13:09:15","indexId":"70034835","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors","docAbstract":"This paper provides a summary of the current equations and rescaling factors for converting calibrated Digital Numbers (DNs) to absolute units of at-sensor spectral radiance, Top-Of-Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance, and at-sensor brightness temperature. It tabulates the necessary constants for the Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), and Advanced Land Imager (ALI) sensors. These conversions provide a basis for standardized comparison of data in a single scene or between images acquired on different dates or by different sensors. This paper forms a needed guide for Landsat data users who now have access to the entire Landsat archive at no cost.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.007","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., Markham, B.L., and Helder, D., 2009, Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 5, p. 893-903, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.007.","startPage":"893","endPage":"903","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476320,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090027884","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215876,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.007"},{"id":243710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9e5be4b08c986b31de47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markham, B. L.","contributorId":88872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helder, D. L. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":51496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032806,"text":"70032806 - 2009 - The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: Constraints from InSAR 2003-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:58:07","indexId":"70032806","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: Constraints from InSAR 2003-2005","docAbstract":"<p><span>InSAR is particularly sensitive to vertical displacements, which can be important in distinguishing between mechanisms responsible for the postseismic response to large earthquakes (afterslip, viscoelastic relaxation). We produce maps of the surface displacements resulting from the postseismic response to the 2002 Denali Fault earthquake, using data from the Canadian Radarsat-1 satellite from the periods summer 2003, summer 2004 and summer 2005. A peak-to-trough signal of amplitude 4 cm in the satellite line of sight was observed between summer 2003 and summer 2004. By the period between summer 2004 and summer 2005, the displacement rate had dropped below the threshold required for observation with InSAR over a single year. The InSAR observations show that the principal postseismic relaxation process acted at a depth of ∼50 km, equivalent to the top of the mantle. However, the observations are still incapable of distinguishing between distributed (viscoelastic relaxation) and localized (afterslip) deformation. The imposed coseismic stresses are highest in the lower crust and, assuming a Maxwell rheology, a viscosity ratio of at least 5 between lower crust and upper mantle is required to explain the contrast in behaviour. The lowest misfits are produced by mixed models of viscoelastic relaxation in the mantle and shallow afterslip in the upper crust. Profiles perpendicular to the fault show significant asymmetry, which is consistent with differences in rheological structure across the fault.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03932.x","issn":"09565","usgsCitation":"Biggs, J., Burgmann, R., Freymueller, J., Lu, Z., Parsons, B., Ryder, I., Schmalzle, G., and Wright, T., 2009, The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: Constraints from InSAR 2003-2005: Geophysical Journal International, v. 176, no. 2, p. 353-367, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03932.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"367","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487686,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2008.03932.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213931,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03932.x"}],"volume":"176","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baea7e4b08c986b32424f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggs, J.","contributorId":59241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggs","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, J.T.","contributorId":51482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freymueller","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parsons, B.","contributorId":54017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryder, I.","contributorId":11422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmalzle, G.","contributorId":44364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmalzle","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wright, Tim","contributorId":35942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Tim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70034828,"text":"70034828 - 2009 - Climatic effects of 30 years of landscape change over the Greater Phoenix, Arizona, region: 1. Surface energy budget changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034828","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic effects of 30 years of landscape change over the Greater Phoenix, Arizona, region: 1. Surface energy budget changes","docAbstract":"This paper is part 1 of a two-part study that evaluates the climatic effects of recent landscape change for one of the nation's most rapidly expanding metropolitan complexes, the Greater Phoenix, Arizona, region. The region's landscape evolution over an approximate 30-year period since the early 1970s is documented on the basis of analyses of Landsat images and land use/land cover (LULC) data sets derived from aerial photography (1973) and Landsat (1992 and 2001). High-resolution, Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), simulations (2-km grid spacing) are used in conjunction with consistently defined land cover data sets and associated biophysical parameters for the circa 1973, circa 1992, and circa 2001 time periods to quantify the impacts of intensive land use changes on the July surface temperatures and the surface radiation and energy budgets for the Greater Phoenix region. The main findings are as follows: since the early 1970s the region's landscape has been altered by a significant increase in urban/suburban land area, primarily at the expense of decreasing plots of irrigated agriculture and secondarily by the conversion of seminatural shrubland. Mean regional temperatures for the circa 2001 landscape were 0.12??C warmer than the circa 1973 landscape, with maximum temperature differences, located over regions of greatest urbanization, in excess of 1??C. The significant reduction in irrigated agriculture, for the circa 2001 relative to the circa 1973 landscape, resulted in dew point temperature decreases in excess of 1??C. The effect of distinct land use conversion themes (e.g., conversion from irrigated agriculture to urban land) was also examined to evaluate how the most important conversion themes have each contributed to the region's changing climate. The two urbanization themes studied (from an initial landscape of irrigated agriculture and seminatural shrubland) have the greatest positive effect on near-surface temperature, increasing maximum daily temperatures by 1??C. Overall, sensible heat flux differences between the circa 2001 and circa 1973 landscapes result in a 1 W m<sup>-2</sup> increase in domain-wide sensible heating, and a similar order of magnitude decrease in latent heating, highlighting the importance of surface repartitioning in establishing near-surface temperature trends. In part 2 of this study, we address the role of the surface budget changes on the mesoscale dynamics/thermodynamics, in context of the large-scale environment. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JD010745","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Georgescu, M., Miguez-Macho, G., Steyaert, L.T., and Weaver, C., 2009, Climatic effects of 30 years of landscape change over the Greater Phoenix, Arizona, region: 1. Surface energy budget changes: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 114, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010745.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476513,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd010745","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215760,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010745"},{"id":243583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f664e4b0c8380cd4c72c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Georgescu, M.","contributorId":98541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Georgescu","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miguez-Macho, G.","contributorId":32354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miguez-Macho","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steyaert, L. T.","contributorId":71303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weaver, C.P.","contributorId":70602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036691,"text":"70036691 - 2009 - Evidence that pairing with genetically similar mates is maladaptive in a monogamous bird","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T15:42:13.997327","indexId":"70036691","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":955,"text":"BMC Evolutionary Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence that pairing with genetically similar mates is maladaptive in a monogamous bird","docAbstract":"<h3 class=\"c-article__sub-heading\" data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Evidence of multiple genetic criteria of mate choice is accumulating in numerous taxa. In many species, females have been shown to pair with genetically dissimilar mates or with extra-pair partners that are more genetically compatible than their social mates, thereby increasing their offsprings' heterozygosity which often correlates with offspring fitness. While most studies have focused on genetically promiscuous species, few studies have addressed genetically monogamous species, in which mate choice tends to be mutual.</p><h3 class=\"c-article__sub-heading\" data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Here, we used microsatellite markers to assess individual global heterozygosity and genetic similarity of pairs in a socially and genetically monogamous seabird, the black-legged kittiwake<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Rissa tridactyla</i>. We found that pairs were more genetically dissimilar than expected by chance. We also identified fitness costs of breeding with genetically similar partners: (i) genetic similarity of pairs was negatively correlated with the number of chicks hatched, and (ii) offspring heterozygosity was positively correlated with growth rate and survival.</p><h3 class=\"c-article__sub-heading\" data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>These findings provide evidence that breeders in a genetically monogamous species may avoid the fitness costs of reproducing with a genetically similar mate. In such species that lack the opportunity to obtain extra-pair fertilizations, mate choice may therefore be under high selective pressure.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BMC","doi":"10.1186/1471-2148-9-147","usgsCitation":"Mulard, H., Danchin, E., Talbot, S.L., Ramey, A.M., Hatch, S.A., White, J., Helfenstein, F., and Wagner, R., 2009, Evidence that pairing with genetically similar mates is maladaptive in a monogamous bird: BMC Evolutionary Biology, v. 9, no. 1, 147, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-147.","productDescription":"147, 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476305,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-147","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Middleton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -146.41616821289062,\n              59.39442265678515\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.2451934814453,\n              59.39442265678515\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.2451934814453,\n              59.47543020423106\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.41616821289062,\n              59.47543020423106\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.41616821289062,\n              59.39442265678515\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d73e4b0c8380cd53015","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulard, Herve","contributorId":104602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulard","given":"Herve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Danchin, E.","contributorId":89635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danchin","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, J.F.","contributorId":36369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Helfenstein, F.","contributorId":63922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helfenstein","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wagner, R.H.","contributorId":69276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035932,"text":"70035932 - 2009 - Nicotine, acetanilide and urea multi-level<sup>2</sup>H-,<sup>13</sup>C- and<sup>15</sup>N-abundance reference materials for continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035932","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nicotine, acetanilide and urea multi-level<sup>2</sup>H-,<sup>13</sup>C- and<sup>15</sup>N-abundance reference materials for continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"Accurate determinations of stable isotope ratios require a calibration using at least two reference materials with different isotopic compositions to anchor the isotopic scale and compensate for differences in machine slope. Ideally, the S values of these reference materials should bracket the isotopic range of samples with unknown S values. While the practice of analyzing two isotopically distinct reference materials is common for water (VSMOW-SLAP) and carbonates (NBS 19 and L-SVEC), the lack of widely available organic reference materials with distinct isotopic composition has hindered the practice when analyzing organic materials by elemental analysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS). At present only L-glutamic acids USGS40 and USGS41 satisfy these requirements for ??<sup>13</sup>C and ??<sup>13</sup>N, with the limitation that L-glutamic acid is not suitable for analysis by gas chromatography (GC). We describe the development and quality testing of (i) four nicotine laboratory reference materials for on-line (i.e. continuous flow) hydrogen reductive gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass-spectrometry (GC-IRMS), (ii) five nicotines for oxidative C, N gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass-spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS, or GC-IRMS), and (iii) also three acetanilide and three urea reference materials for on-line oxidative EA-IRMS for C and N. Isotopic off-line calibration against international stable isotope measurement standards at Indiana University adhered to the 'principle of identical treatment'. The new reference materials cover the following isotopic ranges: ??<sup>2</sup>H<sub>nicotine</sub> -162 to -45%o, ??<sup>13</sup>C<sub>nicotine</sub> -30.05 to +7.72%, ?? <sup>15</sup>N<sub>nicotine</sub> -6.03 to +33.62%; ??<sup>15</sup>N <sub>acetanilide</sub> +1-18 to +40.57%; ??<sup>13</sup>C<sub>urea</sub> -34.13 to +11.71%, ??<sup>15</sup>N<sub>urea</sub> +0.26 to +40.61% (recommended ?? values refer to calibration with NBS 19, L-SVEC, IAEA-N-1, and IAEA-N-2). Nicotines fill a gap as the first organic nitrogen stable isotope reference materials for GC-IRMS that are available with different ??<sup>13</sup>N values. Comparative ??<sup>13</sup>C and ??<sup>15</sup>N on-line EA-IRMS data from 14 volunteering laboratories document the usefulness and reliability of acetanilides and ureas as EA-IRMS reference materials.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rcm.4277","issn":"09514198","usgsCitation":"Schimmelmann, A., Albertino, A., Sauer, P., Qi, H., Molinie, R., and Mesnard, F., 2009, Nicotine, acetanilide and urea multi-level<sup>2</sup>H-,<sup>13</sup>C- and<sup>15</sup>N-abundance reference materials for continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 23, no. 22, p. 3513-3521, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4277.","startPage":"3513","endPage":"3521","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216474,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4277"},{"id":244345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6652e4b0c8380cd72d73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albertino, A.","contributorId":43597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albertino","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, P.E.","contributorId":76335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Qi, H.","contributorId":107910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Molinie, R.","contributorId":105557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molinie","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mesnard, F.","contributorId":30480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesnard","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034851,"text":"70034851 - 2009 - Uptake rate constants and partition coefficients for vapor phase organic chemicals using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034851","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uptake rate constants and partition coefficients for vapor phase organic chemicals using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs)","docAbstract":"To fully utilize semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive samplers in air monitoring, data are required to accurately estimate airborne concentrations of environmental contaminants. Limited uptake rate constants (k<sub>ua</sub>) and no SPMD air partitioning coefficient (K<sub>sa</sub>) existed for vapor-phase contaminants. This research was conducted to expand the existing body of kinetic data for SPMD air sampling by determining k<sub>ua</sub> and K<sub>sa</sub> for a number of airborne contaminants including the chemical classes: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, brominated diphenyl ethers, phthalate esters, synthetic pyrethroids, and organophosphate/organosulfur pesticides. The k<sub>ua</sub>s were obtained for 48 of 50 chemicals investigated and ranged from 0.03 to 3.07??m<sup>3</sup>??g<sup>-1</sup>??d<sup>-1</sup>. In cases where uptake was approaching equilibrium, K<sub>sa</sub>s were approximated. K<sub>sa</sub> values (no units) were determined or estimated for 48 of the chemicals investigated and ranging from 3.84E+5 to 7.34E+7. This research utilized a test system (United States Patent 6,877,724 B1) which afforded the capability to generate and maintain constant concentrations of vapor-phase chemical mixtures. The test system and experimental design employed gave reproducible results during experimental runs spanning more than two years. This reproducibility was shown by obtaining mean k<sub>ua</sub> values (n??=??3) of anthracene and p,p???-DDE at 0.96 and 1.57??m<sup>3</sup>??g<sup>-1</sup>??d<sup>-1</sup> with relative standard deviations of 8.4% and 8.6% respectively.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.043","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Cranor, W., Alvarez, D., Huckins, J., and Petty, J.D., 2009, Uptake rate constants and partition coefficients for vapor phase organic chemicals using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs): Atmospheric Environment, v. 43, no. 20, p. 3211-3219, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.043.","startPage":"3211","endPage":"3219","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215674,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.043"}],"volume":"43","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd79e4b08c986b32904e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cranor, W.L.","contributorId":98261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranor","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alvarez, D.A.","contributorId":39481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035917,"text":"70035917 - 2009 - Classification of CO<sub>2</sub> Geologic Storage: Resource and Capacity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035917","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Classification of CO<sub>2</sub> Geologic Storage: Resource and Capacity","docAbstract":"The use of the term capacity to describe possible geologic storage implies a realistic or likely volume of CO<sub>2</sub> to be sequestered. Poor data quantity and quality may lead to very high uncertainty in the storage estimate. Use of the term \"storage resource\" alleviates the implied certainty of the term \"storage capacity\". This is especially important to non- scientists (e.g. policy makers) because \"capacity\" is commonly used to describe the very specific and more certain quantities such as volume of a gas tank or a hotel's overnight guest limit. Resource is a term used in the classification of oil and gas accumulations to infer lesser certainty in the commercial production of oil and gas. Likewise for CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration, a suspected porous and permeable zone can be classified as a resource, but capacity can only be estimated after a well is drilled into the formation and a relatively higher degree of economic and regulatory certainty is established. Storage capacity estimates are lower risk or higher certainty compared to storage resource estimates. In the oil and gas industry, prospective resource and contingent resource are used for estimates with less data and certainty. Oil and gas reserves are classified as Proved and Unproved, and by analogy, capacity can be classified similarly. The highest degree of certainty for an oil or gas accumulation is Proved, Developed Producing (PDP) Reserves. For CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration this could be Proved Developed Injecting (PDI) Capacity. A geologic sequestration storage classification system is developed by analogy to that used by the oil and gas industry. When a CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration industry emerges, storage resource and capacity estimates will be considered a company asset and consequently regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Additionally, storage accounting and auditing protocols will be required to confirm projected storage estimates and assignment of credits from actual injection. An example illustrates the use of these terms and how storage classification changes as new data become available. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Energy Procedia","conferenceTitle":"9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-9","conferenceDate":"16 November 2008 through 20 November 2008","conferenceLocation":"Washington DC","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.029","issn":"18766102","usgsCitation":"Frailey, S., and Finley, R., 2009, Classification of CO<sub>2</sub> Geologic Storage: Resource and Capacity, <i>in</i> Energy Procedia, v. 1, no. 1, Washington DC, 16 November 2008 through 20 November 2008, p. 2623-2630, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.029.","startPage":"2623","endPage":"2630","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476170,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216203,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.029"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f618e4b0c8380cd4c5b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frailey, S.M.","contributorId":93263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frailey","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finley, R.J.","contributorId":70984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034501,"text":"70034501 - 2009 - Detecting declines in the abundance of a bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) population: Understanding the accuracy, precision, and costs of our efforts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034501","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting declines in the abundance of a bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) population: Understanding the accuracy, precision, and costs of our efforts","docAbstract":"Using empirical field data for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), we evaluated the trade-off between power and sampling effort-cost using Monte Carlo simulations of commonly collected mark-recapture-resight and count data, and we estimated the power to detect changes in abundance across different time intervals. We also evaluated the effects of monitoring different components of a population and stratification methods on the precision of each method. Our results illustrate substantial variability in the relative precision, cost, and information gained from each approach. While grouping estimates by age or stage class substantially increased the precision of estimates, spatial stratification of sampling units resulted in limited increases in precision. Although mark-resight methods allowed for estimates of abundance versus indices of abundance, our results suggest snorkel surveys may be a more affordable monitoring approach across large spatial scales. Detecting a 25% decline in abundance after 5 years was not possible, regardless of technique (power = 0.80), without high sampling effort (48% of study site). Detecting a 25% decline was possible after 15 years, but still required high sampling efforts. Our results suggest detecting moderate changes in abundance of freshwater salmonids requires considerable resource and temporal commitments and highlight the difficulties of using abundance measures for monitoring bull trout populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F09-026","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Al-Chokhachy, R., Budy, P., and Conner, M., 2009, Detecting declines in the abundance of a bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) population: Understanding the accuracy, precision, and costs of our efforts: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 66, no. 4, p. 649-658, https://doi.org/10.1139/F09-026.","startPage":"649","endPage":"658","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215683,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F09-026"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff60e4b0c8380cd4f159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, R.","contributorId":42431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budy, P.","contributorId":68091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conner, M.","contributorId":71787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conner","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033231,"text":"70033231 - 2009 - Potential effects of runoff, fluvial sediment, and nutrient discharges on the coral reefs of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033231","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of runoff, fluvial sediment, and nutrient discharges on the coral reefs of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Coral reefs, the foundation and primary structure of many highly productive and diverse tropical marine ecosystems, have been degraded by human activity in much of the earth's tropical oceans. To contribute to improved understanding of this problem, the potential relation between river sediment and nutrient discharges and degradation of coral reefs surrounding Puerto Rico was studied using streamflow, suspended-sediment, and water-quality data. Mean annual runoff for the 8711 km2 island is 911 mm, about 57% of mean annual precipitation (1600 mm). Mean annual suspended-sediment discharge from Puerto Rico to coastal waters is estimated at 2.7-9.0 million metric tonnes. Storm runoff transports a substantial part of sediment: the highest recorded daily sediment discharge is 1-3.6 times the mean annual sediment discharge. Hurricane Georges (1998) distributed an average of 300 mm of rain across the island, equivalent to a volume of about 2.6 billion m3. Runoff of more than 1.0 billion m3 of water and as much as 5 to 10 million metric tonnes of sediment were discharged to the coast and shelf. Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in river waters are as much as 10 times the estimated presettlement levels. Fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus concentrations in many Puerto Rico rivers are near or above regulatory limits. Unlike sediment discharges, which are predominantly episodic and intense, river-borne nutrient and fecal discharge is a less-intense but chronic stressor to coral reefs found near the mouths of rivers. Negative effects of riverderived sediment and nutrient discharge on coral reefs are especially pronounced on the north, southwest, and west coasts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/07-0920.1","issn":"07490","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., and Webb, R., 2009, Potential effects of runoff, fluvial sediment, and nutrient discharges on the coral reefs of Puerto Rico: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 25, no. 1, p. 189-208, https://doi.org/10.2112/07-0920.1.","startPage":"189","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476232,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2112/07-0920.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213284,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/07-0920.1"},{"id":240894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7edee4b0c8380cd7a7d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, M. C.","contributorId":66287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, R.M.T.","contributorId":99369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035417,"text":"70035417 - 2009 - High resolution near-bed observations in winter near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035417","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"High resolution near-bed observations in winter near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Science Center in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, is leading an effort to understand the regional sediment dynamics along the coastline of North and South Carolina. As part of the Carolinas Coastal Change Processes Project, a geologic framework study in June of 2008 by the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center's Sea Floor Mapping Group focused on the seaward limit of Diamond Shoals and provided high resolution bathymetric data, surficial sediment characteristics, and subsurface geologic stratigraphy. These data also provided unprecedented guidance to identify deployment locations for tripods and moorings to investigate the processes that control sediment transport at Diamond Shoals. Equipment was deployed at three sites from early January, 2009 through early May, 2009: north and south of the shoals at 15 m depth, and at the tip at 24 m depth. Many strong storm systems were recorded during that time period. Mounted on the tripods were instruments to measure surface waves, pressure, current velocity, bottom turbulence, suspended-sediment profiles, and sea-floor sand-ripple bedforms. Many instruments were designed and programmed to sample in high resolution in time and space, as fast as 8 Hz hourly bursts and as small as 6 cm bin sizes in near bottom profiles. A second tripod at the north site also held a visual camera system and sonar imaging system which document seafloor bedforms. The region is known for its dynamics, and one of the tripods tipped over towards the end of the experiment. A preliminary look at the data suggests the region is characterized by high energy. Raw data from a burst recorded at the south site on Mar. 26<sup>th</sup> show instantaneous flow speed at 150 cm/s at 0.5 m above the seabed. This paper reports preliminary highlights of the observations, based on raw data, and lessons learned from a deployment of large tripod systems in such a dynamic location. ??2009 MTS.","largerWorkTitle":"MTS/IEEE Biloxi - Marine Technology for Our Future: Global and Local Challenges, OCEANS 2009","conferenceTitle":"MTS/IEEE Biloxi - Marine Technology for Our Future: Global and Local Challenges, OCEANS 2009","conferenceDate":"26 October 2009 through 29 October 2009","conferenceLocation":"Biloxi, MS","language":"English","isbn":"9781424449606","usgsCitation":"Martini, M., Armstrong, B., and Warner, J., 2009, High resolution near-bed observations in winter near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, <i>in</i> MTS/IEEE Biloxi - Marine Technology for Our Future: Global and Local Challenges, OCEANS 2009, Biloxi, MS, 26 October 2009 through 29 October 2009.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30cce4b0c8380cd5d962","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martini, M.","contributorId":24909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, B.","contributorId":15845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warner, J.C.","contributorId":46644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035882,"text":"70035882 - 2009 - Measurement of total Zn and Zn isotope ratios by quadrupole ICP-MS for evaluation of Zn uptake in gills of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035882","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of total Zn and Zn isotope ratios by quadrupole ICP-MS for evaluation of Zn uptake in gills of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"This study evaluates the potential use of stable zinc isotopes in toxicity studies measuring zinc uptake by the gills of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The use of stable isotopes in such studies has several advantages over the use of radioisotopes, including cost, ease of handling, elimination of permit requirements, and waste disposal. A pilot study using brown trout was performed to evaluate sample preparation methods and the ability of a quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) system to successfully measure changes in the <sup>67</sup>Zn/<sup>66</sup>Zn ratios for planned exposure levels and duration. After completion of the pilot study, a full-scale zinc exposure study using rainbow trout was performed. The results of these studies indicate that there are several factors that affect the precision of the measured <sup>67</sup>Zn/<sup>66</sup>Zn ratios in the sample digests, including variations in sample size, endogenous zinc levels, and zinc uptake rates by individual fish. However, since these factors were incorporated in the calculation of the total zinc accumulated by the gills during the exposures, the data obtained were adequate for their intended use in calculating zinc binding and evaluating the influences of differences in water quality parameters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Talanta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2009.07.048","issn":"00399140","usgsCitation":"Wolf, R., Todd, A., Brinkman, S., Lamothe, P.J., Smith, K., and Ranville, J., 2009, Measurement of total Zn and Zn isotope ratios by quadrupole ICP-MS for evaluation of Zn uptake in gills of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Talanta, v. 80, no. 2, p. 676-684, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2009.07.048.","startPage":"676","endPage":"684","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216114,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2009.07.048"},{"id":243960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5320e4b0c8380cd6c8bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, R.E.","contributorId":11827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todd, A.S.","contributorId":53622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brinkman, S.","contributorId":75781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinkman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, K. S. 0000-0001-8547-9804","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":47779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ranville, J. F.","contributorId":54245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranville","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034720,"text":"70034720 - 2009 - Aroclor 1248 exposure leads to immunomodulation, decreased disease resistance and endocrine disruption in the brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-08T08:04:54","indexId":"70034720","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aroclor 1248 exposure leads to immunomodulation, decreased disease resistance and endocrine disruption in the brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus","docAbstract":"The brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus is a species of the family Ictaluridae commonly used as a sentinel of environmental contamination. While these fish have been utilized for this purpose in areas contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), few controlled, laboratory-based studies have been designed to document the effects of PCB mixtures in this species. Here, brown bullhead were exposed to the PCB mixture, Aroclor 1248, via intraperitoneal injection and the effects on immune function, plasma hormones and disease resistance were evaluated. Exposure to this mixture led to a decrease in bactericidal activity and circulating antibodies to Edwardsiella ictaluri present from a previous exposure to this pathogen. A subsequent E. ictaluri disease challenge led to significantly higher mortality in A1248 treated fish compared to vehicle-control fish. The mitogenic response to the T-cell mitogen, phytohemaglutinin-P, was increased compared to vehicle-control fish. The steroid hormone, cortisol, and the thyroid hormone, T3, were also significantly lower in A1248 exposed fish. In summary, we have validated a number of functional immune assays for application in brown bullhead immunotoxicity studies. Additionally, we have demonstrated that the PCB mixture (A1248) modulates both immune function and endocrine physiology in brown bullhead. Such data may compliment the interpretation of data yielded from applied field studies conducted in PCB contaminated aquatic ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.03.008","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Iwanowicz, L., Blazer, V., McCormick, S., Van Veld, P., and Ottinger, C., 2009, Aroclor 1248 exposure leads to immunomodulation, decreased disease resistance and endocrine disruption in the brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 93, no. 1, p. 70-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.03.008.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.03.008"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed7ee4b0c8380cd49832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iwanowicz, L. R. 0000-0002-1197-6178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":43864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Veld, P.A.","contributorId":77729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Veld","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ottinger, C. A. 0000-0003-2551-1985","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-1985","contributorId":8796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035875,"text":"70035875 - 2009 - Broadband records of earthquakes in deep gold mines and a comparison with results from SAFOD, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T15:11:27","indexId":"70035875","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Broadband records of earthquakes in deep gold mines and a comparison with results from SAFOD, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>For one week during September 2007, we deployed a temporary network of field recorders and accelerometers at four sites within two deep, seismically active mines. The ground-motion data, recorded at 200&nbsp;samples/sec, are well suited to determining source and ground-motion parameters for the mining-induced earthquakes within and adjacent to our network. Four earthquakes with magnitudes close to 2 were recorded with high signal/noise at all four sites. Analysis of seismic moments and peak velocities, in conjunction with the results of laboratory stick-slip friction experiments, were used to estimate source processes that are key to understanding source physics and to assessing underground seismic hazard. The maximum displacements on the rupture surfaces can be estimated from the parameter&nbsp;</span><span id=\"inline-formula-1\" class=\"inline-formula\"><span class=\"highwire-responsive-lazyload\"><img class=\"highwire-embed  lazyloaded\" src=\"http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ssabull/99/5/2815/embed/inline-graphic-1.gif\" alt=\"Embedded Image\" data-src=\"http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ssabull/99/5/2815/embed/inline-graphic-1.gif\" data-mce-src=\"http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ssabull/99/5/2815/embed/inline-graphic-1.gif\"></span></span><span>, where<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span id=\"inline-formula-2\" class=\"inline-formula\"><span class=\"highwire-responsive-lazyload\"><img class=\"highwire-embed  lazyloaded\" src=\"http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ssabull/99/5/2815/embed/inline-graphic-2.gif\" alt=\"Embedded Image\" data-src=\"http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ssabull/99/5/2815/embed/inline-graphic-2.gif\" data-mce-src=\"http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ssabull/99/5/2815/embed/inline-graphic-2.gif\"></span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is the peak ground velocity at a given recording site, and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>R</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is the hypocentral distance. For each earthquake, the maximum slip and seismic moment can be combined with results from laboratory friction experiments to estimate the maximum slip rate within the rupture zone. Analysis of the four<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;2 earthquakes recorded during our deployment and one of special interest recorded by the in-mine seismic network in 2004 revealed maximum slips ranging from 4 to 27&nbsp;mm and maximum slip rates from 1.1 to 6.3 m/sec. Applying the same analyses to an<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;2.1 earthquake within a cluster of repeating earthquakes near the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth site, California, yielded similar results for maximum slip and slip rate, 14&nbsp;mm and 4.0 m/sec.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120080336","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A.F., Boettcher, M., Fletcher, J.P., Sell, R., Johnston, M.J., Durrheim, R., Spottiswoode, S., and Milev, A., 2009, Broadband records of earthquakes in deep gold mines and a comparison with results from SAFOD, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 5, p. 2815-2824, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080336.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2815","endPage":"2824","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-010470","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476379,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.583.3861","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216496,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080336"},{"id":244370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f286e4b0c8380cd4b218","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Arthur F. 0000-0001-9769-4093 mcgarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":3178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Arthur","email":"mcgarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boettcher, M.","contributorId":28828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boettcher","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, Jon Peter B. 0000-0001-8885-6177 jfletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6177","contributorId":1216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"jfletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sell, Russell rwsell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sell","given":"Russell","email":"rwsell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":452861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnston, Malcolm J. S. 0000-0003-4326-8368 mal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Malcolm","email":"mal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":452865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Durrheim, R.","contributorId":93304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durrheim","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spottiswoode, S.","contributorId":30366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spottiswoode","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Milev, A.","contributorId":82945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milev","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035131,"text":"70035131 - 2009 - Using nitrate dual isotopic composition (δ15N and δ18O) as a tool for exploring sources and cycling of nitrate in an estuarine system: Elkhorn Slough, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:58:17","indexId":"70035131","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using nitrate dual isotopic composition (δ15N and δ18O) as a tool for exploring sources and cycling of nitrate in an estuarine system: Elkhorn Slough, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nitrate (NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>) concentrations and dual isotopic composition (</span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N and&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O) were measured during various seasons and tidal conditions in Elkhorn Slough to evaluate mixing of sources of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;within this California estuary. We found the isotopic composition of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;was influenced most heavily by mixing of two primary sources with unique isotopic signatures, a marine (Monterey Bay) and terrestrial agricultural runoff source (Old Salinas River). However, our attempt to use a simple two end‐member mixing model to calculate the relative contribution of these two NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;sources to the Slough was complicated by periods of nonconservative behavior and/or the presence of additional sources, particularly during the dry season when NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;concentrations were low. Although multiple linear regression generally yielded good fits to the observed data, deviations from conservative mixing were still evident. After consideration of potential alternative sources, we concluded that deviations from two end‐member mixing were most likely derived from interactions with marsh sediments in regions of the Slough where high rates of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;uptake and nitrification result in NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;with low&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N and high&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O values. A simple steady state dual isotope model is used to illustrate the impact of cycling processes in an estuarine setting which may play a primary role in controlling NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;isotopic composition when and where cycling rates and water residence times are high. This work expands our understanding of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes as biogeochemical tools for investigating NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;sources and cycling in estuaries, emphasizing the role that cycling processes may play in altering isotopic composition.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JG000729","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wankel, S.D., Kendall, C., and Paytan, A., 2009, Using nitrate dual isotopic composition (δ15N and δ18O) as a tool for exploring sources and cycling of nitrate in an estuarine system: Elkhorn Slough, California: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 114, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000729.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215148,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000729"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Elkhorn Slough","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.83151245117186,\n              36.79279036766672\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.83151245117186,\n              36.88071909009633\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.67907714843751,\n              36.88071909009633\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.67907714843751,\n              36.79279036766672\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.83151245117186,\n              36.79279036766672\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc07fe4b08c986b32a168","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wankel, Scott D.","contributorId":98076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wankel","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paytan, Adina","contributorId":75242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"Adina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032808,"text":"70032808 - 2009 - Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032808","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA","docAbstract":"Multispectral satellite data have become a common tool used in the mapping of wildland fire effects. Fire severity, defined as the degree to which a site has been altered, is often the variable mapped. The Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) used in an absolute difference change detection protocol (dNBR), has become the remote sensing method of choice for US Federal land management agencies to map fire severity due to wildland fire. However, absolute differenced vegetation indices are correlated to the pre-fire chlorophyll content of the vegetation occurring within the fire perimeter. Normalizing dNBR to produce a relativized dNBR (RdNBR) removes the biasing effect of the pre-fire condition. Employing RdNBR hypothetically allows creating categorical classifications using the same thresholds for fires occurring in similar vegetation types without acquiring additional calibration field data on each fire. In this paper we tested this hypothesis by developing thresholds on random training datasets, and then comparing accuracies for (1) fires that occurred within the same geographic region as the training dataset and in similar vegetation, and (2) fires from a different geographic region that is climatically and floristically similar to the training dataset region but supports more complex vegetation structure. We additionally compared map accuracies for three measures of fire severity: the composite burn index (CBI), percent change in tree canopy cover, and percent change in tree basal area. User's and producer's accuracies were highest for the most severe categories, ranging from 70.7% to 89.1%. Accuracies of the moderate fire severity category for measures describing effects only to trees (percent change in canopy cover and basal area) indicated that the classifications were generally not much better than random. Accuracies of the moderate category for the CBI classifications were somewhat better, averaging in the 50%-60% range. These results underscore the difficulty in isolating fire effects to individual vegetation strata when fire effects are mixed. We conclude that the models presented here and in Miller and Thode ([Miller, J.D. & Thode, A.E., (2007). Quantifying burn severity in a heterogeneous landscape with a relative version of the delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR). Remote Sensing of Environment, 109, 66-80.]) can produce fire severity classifications (using either CBI, or percent change in canopy cover or basal area) that are of similar accuracy in fires not used in the original calibration process, at least in conifer dominated vegetation types in Mediterranean-climate California.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009","issn":"00344","usgsCitation":"Miller, J., Knapp, E.E., Key, C., Skinner, C., Isbell, C., Creasy, R., and Sherlock, J., 2009, Calibration and validation of the relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) to three measures of fire severity in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California, USA: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 3, p. 645-656, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009.","startPage":"645","endPage":"656","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213987,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.009"},{"id":241669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f30fe4b0c8380cd4b59e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, J.D.","contributorId":43431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knapp, E. E.","contributorId":54938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Key, C.H.","contributorId":74343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skinner, C.N.","contributorId":19909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Isbell, C.J.","contributorId":19381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isbell","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Creasy, R.M.","contributorId":33543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creasy","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sherlock, J.W.","contributorId":87766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherlock","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036679,"text":"70036679 - 2009 - EMAG2: A 2-arc min resolution Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid compiled from satellite, airborne, and marine magnetic measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-03T13:41:36.699463","indexId":"70036679","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"EMAG2: A 2-arc min resolution Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid compiled from satellite, airborne, and marine magnetic measurements","docAbstract":"A global Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (EMAG2) has been compiled from satellite, ship, and airborne magnetic measurements. EMAG2 is a significant update of our previous candidate grid for the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map. The resolution has been improved from 3 arc min to 2 arc min, and the altitude has been reduced from 5 km to 4 km above the geoid. Additional grid and track line data have been included, both over land and the oceans. Wherever available, the original shipborne and airborne data were used instead of precompiled oceanic magnetic grids. Interpolation between sparse track lines in the oceans was improved by directional gridding and extrapolation, based on an oceanic crustal age model. The longest wavelengths (>330 km) were replaced with the latest CHAMP satellite magnetic field model MF6. EMAG2 is available at http://geomag.org/models/EMAG2 and for permanent archive at http://earthref.org/ cgi-bin/er.cgi?s=erda.cgi?n=970. ?? 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009GC002471","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Maus, S., Barckhausen, U., Berkenbosch, H., Bournas, N., Brozena, J., Childers, V., Dostaler, F., Fairhead, J., Finn, C.A., von Frese, R.R., Gaina, C., Golynsky, S., Kucks, R., Lu, H., Milligan, P., Mogren, S., Muller, R., Olesen, O., Pilkington, M., Saltus, R., Schreckenberger, B., Thebault, E., and Tontini, F., 2009, EMAG2: A 2-arc min resolution Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid compiled from satellite, airborne, and marine magnetic measurements: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 10, no. 8, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002471.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487195,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-03604897","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245667,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a045ee4b0c8380cd50941","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maus, S.","contributorId":104315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maus","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barckhausen, U.","contributorId":13841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barckhausen","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berkenbosch, H.","contributorId":68141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkenbosch","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bournas, N.","contributorId":19008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bournas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brozena, J.","contributorId":67714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brozena","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Childers, V.","contributorId":80125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dostaler, F.","contributorId":68569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dostaler","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fairhead, J.D.","contributorId":102714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairhead","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"von Frese, Ralph R. B.","contributorId":33953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Frese","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Gaina, C.","contributorId":71389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaina","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Golynsky, S.","contributorId":96522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golynsky","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kucks, R.","contributorId":23246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lu, Hai","contributorId":38821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Hai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Milligan, P.","contributorId":42466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milligan","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Mogren, S.","contributorId":47619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mogren","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Muller, R.D.","contributorId":54828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Olesen, O.","contributorId":84194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olesen","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Pilkington, M.","contributorId":105476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilkington","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Saltus, R.","contributorId":107040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Schreckenberger, B.","contributorId":15867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreckenberger","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Thebault, E.","contributorId":103502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thebault","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Tontini, F.C.","contributorId":62058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tontini","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}}
,{"id":70035191,"text":"70035191 - 2009 - Age, geochemical composition, and distribution of Oligocene ignimbrites in the northern Sierra Nevada, California: Implications for landscape morphology, elevation, and drainage divide geography of the Nevadaplano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T16:20:20","indexId":"70035191","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, geochemical composition, and distribution of Oligocene ignimbrites in the northern Sierra Nevada, California: Implications for landscape morphology, elevation, and drainage divide geography of the Nevadaplano","docAbstract":"<p><span>To gain a better understanding of the topographic and landscape evolution of the Cenozoic Sierra Nevada and Basin and Range, we combine geochemical and isotopic age correlations with palaeoaltimetry data from widely distributed ignimbrites in the northern Sierra Nevada, California. A sequence of Oligocene rhyolitic ignimbrites is preserved across the modern crest of the range and into the western foothills. Using trace and rare earth element geochemical analyses of volcanic glass, these deposits have been correlated to ignimbrites described and isotopically dated in the Walker Lane fault zone and in central Nevada (Henry&nbsp;</span><i>et al.</i><span>, 2004, Geologic map of the Dogskin mountain quadrangle; Washoe County, Nevada; Faulds<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>et al.</i><span>, 2005, Geology, v. 33, p. 505–508). Ignimbrite deposits were sampled within the northern Sierra Nevada and western Nevada, and four distinct geochemical compositions were identified. The majority of samples from within the northern Sierra Nevada have compositions similar to the tuffs of Axehandle Canyon or Rattlesnake Canyon, both likely sourced from the same caldera complex in either the Clan Alpine Mountains or the Stillwater Range, or to the tuff of Campbell Creek, sourced from the Desatoya Mountains caldera. New<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar age determinations from these samples of 31.2, 30.9, and 28.7&nbsp;Ma, respectively, support these correlations. Based on an Oligocene palinspastic reconstruction of the region, our results show that ignimbrites travelled over 200&nbsp;km from their source calderas across what is now the crest of the Sierra Nevada, and that during that time, no drainage divide existed between the ignimbrite source calderas in central Nevada and sample locations 200&nbsp;km to the west. Palaeoaltimetry data from Sierra Nevada ignimbrites, based on the hydrogen isotopic composition of hydration water in glass, reflect the effect of a steep western slope on precipitation and indicate that the area had elevations similar to the present-day range. These combined results suggest that source calderas were likely located in a region of high elevation to the east of the Oligocene Sierra Nevada, which had a steep western slope that allowed for the large extent and broad distribution of the ignimbrites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00206810902880370","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Cassel, E.J., Calvert, A.T., and Graham, S.A., 2009, Age, geochemical composition, and distribution of Oligocene ignimbrites in the northern Sierra Nevada, California: Implications for landscape morphology, elevation, and drainage divide geography of the Nevadaplano: International Geology Review, v. 51, no. 7-8, p. 723-742, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206810902880370.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"723","endPage":"742","numberOfPages":"20","ipdsId":"IP-012618","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215089,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206810902880370"}],"volume":"51","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f6e4b0c8380cd47fef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cassel, Elizabeth J.","contributorId":198355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cassel","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calvert, Andrew T. 0000-0001-5237-2218 acalvert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2218","contributorId":2694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"Andrew","email":"acalvert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, Stephan A.","contributorId":45902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Stephan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035518,"text":"70035518 - 2009 - Invasive species information networks: Collaboration at multiple scales for prevention, early detection, and rapid response to invasive alien species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T16:18:55","indexId":"70035518","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1004,"text":"Biodiversity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasive species information networks: Collaboration at multiple scales for prevention, early detection, and rapid response to invasive alien species","docAbstract":"Accurate analysis of present distributions and effective modeling of future distributions of invasive alien species (IAS) are both highly dependent on the availability and accessibility of occurrence data and natural history information about the species. Invasive alien species monitoring and detection networks (such as the Invasive Plant Atlas of New England and the Invasive Plant Atlas of the MidSouth) generate occurrence data at local and regional levels within the United States, which are shared through the US National Institute of Invasive Species Science. The Inter-American Biodiversity Information Network's Invasives Information Network (I3N), facilitates cooperation on sharing invasive species occurrence data throughout the Western Hemisphere. The I3N and other national and regional networks expose their data globally via the Global Invasive Species Information Network (GISIN). International and interdisciplinary cooperation on data sharing strengthens cooperation on strategies and responses to invasions. However, limitations to effective collaboration among invasive species networks leading to successful early detection and rapid response to invasive species include: lack of interoperability; data accessibility; funding; and technical expertise. This paper proposes various solutions to these obstacles at different geographic levels and briefly describes success stories from the invasive species information networks mentioned above. Using biological informatics to facilitate global information sharing is especially critical in invasive species science, as research has shown that one of the best indicators of the invasiveness of a species is whether it has been invasive elsewhere. Data must also be shared across disciplines because natural history information (e.g. diet, predators, habitat requirements, etc.) about a species in its native range is vital for effective prevention, detection, and rapid response to an invasion. Finally, it has been our experience that sharing information, including invasive species dispersal mechanisms and rates, impacts, and prevention and control strategies, enables resource managers and decision-makers to mount a more effective response to biological invasions.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2009.9712839","usgsCitation":"Simpson, A., Jarnevich, C.S., Madsen, J., Westbrooks, R.G., Fournier, C., Mehrhoff, L., Browne, M., Graham, J., and Sellers, E.A., 2009, Invasive species information networks: Collaboration at multiple scales for prevention, early detection, and rapid response to invasive alien species: Biodiversity, v. 10, no. 2-3, p. 5-13, https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2009.9712839.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e26e4b0c8380cd63b4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Annie 0000-0001-8338-5134 asimpson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-5134","contributorId":127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Annie","email":"asimpson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madsen, John","contributorId":178747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madsen","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Westbrooks, Randy G.","contributorId":147074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westbrooks","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fournier, Christine","contributorId":178748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fournier","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mehrhoff, Les","contributorId":178749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mehrhoff","given":"Les","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Browne, Michael","contributorId":178752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Browne","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Graham, Jim","contributorId":37608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sellers, Elizabeth A. 0000-0003-4676-2994 esellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-2994","contributorId":4704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sellers","given":"Elizabeth","email":"esellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70033072,"text":"70033072 - 2009 - Relatedness and social organization of coypus in the Argentinean pampas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70033072","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relatedness and social organization of coypus in the Argentinean pampas","docAbstract":"Behavioural and trapping studies of the social organization of coypus have suggested the occurrence of kin groups and a polygynous mating system. We used 16 microsatellite markers to analyse parentage and relatedness relationships in two populations (J??uregui and Villa Ruiz) in the Argentinean Pampas. At J??uregui, a dominant male monopolized most paternities, leading to a high variance in reproductive success between males and a high level of polygyny. At Villa Ruiz, variance in reproductive success was low among resident males and males were the fathers of zero to four offspring each. For females, no significant differences were found. Two different social groups in each study site were used to assess genetic relatedness within and between groups. These groups were neighbouring at J??uregui but not at Villa Ruiz. At Villa Ruiz, coypus were significantly more related within than between groups, suggesting that behavioural groups were also genetic ones, and adult females were more related within than between groups, as should be expected for kin groups. This relationship was not found at J??uregui. Our results provide support to previous studies based on behavioural and trapping data, which indicate that coypus form social groups and have a polygynous mating system. However, we found differences in social organization between the two populations. This is the first study to determine parentage and/or relatedness in coypus. ?? 2008 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04006.x","issn":"09621","usgsCitation":"Tunez, J., Guichon, M., Centron, D., Henderson, A., Callahan, C., and Cassini, M., 2009, Relatedness and social organization of coypus in the Argentinean pampas: Molecular Ecology, v. 18, no. 1, p. 147-155, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04006.x.","startPage":"147","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213524,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04006.x"},{"id":241154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a620e4b0e8fec6cdc0ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tunez, J.I.","contributorId":57666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tunez","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guichon, M.L.","contributorId":66491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guichon","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Centron, D.","contributorId":107508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centron","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henderson, A.P.","contributorId":24163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Callahan, C.","contributorId":8299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callahan","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cassini, M.H.","contributorId":68118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cassini","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034641,"text":"70034641 - 2009 - Updating the 2001 National Land Cover Database land cover classification to 2006 by using Landsat imagery change detection methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T13:00:57","indexId":"70034641","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Updating the 2001 National Land Cover Database land cover classification to 2006 by using Landsat imagery change detection methods","docAbstract":"<p><span>The recent release of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001, which represents the nation's land cover status based on a nominal date of 2001, is widely used as a baseline for national land cover conditions. To enable the updating of this land cover information in a consistent and continuous manner, a prototype method was developed to update land cover by an individual Landsat path and row. This method updates NLCD 2001 to a nominal date of 2006 by using both Landsat imagery and data from NLCD 2001 as the baseline. Pairs of Landsat scenes in the same season in 2001 and 2006 were acquired according to satellite paths and rows and normalized to allow calculation of change vectors between the two dates. Conservative thresholds based on Anderson Level I land cover classes were used to segregate the change vectors and determine areas of change and no-change. Once change areas had been identified, land cover classifications at the full NLCD resolution for 2006 areas of change were completed by sampling from NLCD 2001 in unchanged areas. Methods were developed and tested across five Landsat path/row study sites that contain several metropolitan areas including Seattle, Washington; San Diego, California; Sioux Falls, South Dakota; Jackson, Mississippi; and Manchester, New Hampshire. Results from the five study areas show that the vast majority of land cover change was captured and updated with overall land cover classification accuracies of 78.32%, 87.5%, 88.57%, 78.36%, and 83.33% for these areas. The method optimizes mapping efficiency and has the potential to provide users a flexible method to generate updated land cover at national and regional scales by using NLCD 2001 as the baseline.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2009.02.004","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Xian, G., Homer, C.G., and Fry, J., 2009, Updating the 2001 National Land Cover Database land cover classification to 2006 by using Landsat imagery change detection methods: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 6, p. 1133-1147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.02.004.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1133","endPage":"1147","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215835,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.02.004"}],"volume":"113","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd1fe4b08c986b328ed7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xian, George 0000-0001-5674-2204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":76589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fry, Joyce 0000-0002-8466-9582 jfry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8466-9582","contributorId":3147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fry","given":"Joyce","email":"jfry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":446824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035401,"text":"70035401 - 2009 - Constraints on the utility of MnO<sub>2</sub> cartridge method for the extraction of radionuclides: A case study using <sup>234</sup>Th","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035401","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the utility of MnO<sub>2</sub> cartridge method for the extraction of radionuclides: A case study using <sup>234</sup>Th","docAbstract":"[1] Large volume (10<sup>2</sup>-10<sup>3</sup> L) seawater samples are routinely processed to investigate the partitioning of particle reactive radionuclides and Ra between solution and size-fractionated suspended particulate matter. One of the most frequently used methods to preconcentrate these nuclides from such large volumes involves extraction onto three filter cartridges (a prefilter for particulate species and two MnO<sub>2</sub>-coated filters for dissolved species) connected in series. This method assumes that the extraction efficiency is uniform for both MnO<sub>2</sub>-coated cartridges, that no dissolved species are removed by the prefilter, and that any adsorbed radionuclides are not desorbed from the MnO<sub>2</sub>-coated cartridges during filtration. In this study, we utilized <sup>234</sup>Th-spiked coastal seawater and deionized water to address the removal of dissolved Th onto prefilters and MnO<sub>2</sub>-coated filter cartridges. Experimental results provide the first data that indicate (1) a small fraction of dissolved Th (&lt;6%) can be removed by the prefilter cartridge; (2) a small fraction of dissolved Th (&lt;5%) retained by the MnO<sub>2</sub> surface can also be desorbed, which undermines the assumption of uniform extraction efficiency for Th; and (3) the absolute and relative extraction efficiencies can vary widely. These experiments provide insight on the variability of the extraction efficiency of MnO <sub>2</sub>-coated filter cartridges by comparing the relative and absolute efficiencies and recommend the use of a constant efficiency on the combined activity from two filter cartridges connected in series for future studies of dissolved <sup>234</sup>Th and other radionuclides in natural waters using sequential filtration/extraction methods. ?? 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008GC002340","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Baskaran, M., Swarzenski, P., and Biddanda, B., 2009, Constraints on the utility of MnO<sub>2</sub> cartridge method for the extraction of radionuclides: A case study using <sup>234</sup>Th: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 10, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002340.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476336,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gc002340","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215232,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002340"},{"id":243021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa11e4b0c8380cd4d903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baskaran, M.","contributorId":96627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskaran","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biddanda, B.A.","contributorId":92881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biddanda","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036665,"text":"70036665 - 2009 - A survey of the occurrence of Bacillus anthracis in North American soils over two long-range transects and within post-Katrina New Orleans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:07","indexId":"70036665","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A survey of the occurrence of Bacillus anthracis in North American soils over two long-range transects and within post-Katrina New Orleans","docAbstract":"Soil samples were collected along a north-south transect extending from Manitoba, Canada, to the US-Mexico border near El Paso, Texas in 2004 (104 samples), a group of sites within New Orleans, Louisiana following Hurricane Katrina in 2005 (19 samples), and a Gulf Coast transect extending from Sulphur, Louisiana, to DeFuniak Springs, Florida, in 2007 (38 samples). Samples were collected from the top 40 cm of soil and were screened for the presence of total Bacillus species and Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), specifically using multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using an assay with a sensitivity of ???170 equivalent colony-forming units (CFU) g<sup>-1</sup> field moist soil, the prevalence rate of Bacillus sp./B. anthracis in the north-south transect and the 2005 New Orleans post-Katrina sample set were 20/5% and 26/26%, respectively. Prevalence in the 2007 Gulf Coast sample set using an assay with a sensitivity of ???4 CFU g<sup>-1</sup> of soil was 63/0%. Individual transect-set data indicate a positive relation between occurrences of species and soil moisture or soil constituents (i.e., Zn and Cu content). The 2005 New Orleans post-Katrina data indicated that B. anthracis is readily detectable in Gulf Coast soils following flood events. The data also indicated that occurrence, as it relates to soil chemistry, may be confounded by flood-induced dissemination of germinated cells and the mixing of soil constituents for short temporal periods following an event.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.016","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D., Petrosky, T., Morman, S., and Luna, V., 2009, A survey of the occurrence of Bacillus anthracis in North American soils over two long-range transects and within post-Katrina New Orleans: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1464-1471, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.016.","startPage":"1464","endPage":"1471","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217504,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.016"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5e1e4b0c8380cd46ff6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W.","contributorId":23668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petrosky, T.","contributorId":101913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrosky","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morman, S.A.","contributorId":74982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morman","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luna, V.A.","contributorId":63655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luna","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033094,"text":"70033094 - 2009 - Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033094","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area","docAbstract":"We investigate interactions between successive naturally occurring fires, and assess to what extent the environments in which fires burn influence these interactions. Using mapped fire perimeters and satellite-based estimates of post-fire effects (referred to hereafter as fire severity) for 19 fires burning relatively freely over a 31-year period, we demonstrate that fire as a landscape process can exhibit self-limiting characteristics in an upper elevation Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest. We use the term 'self-limiting' to refer to recurring fire as a process over time (that is, fire regime) consuming fuel and ultimately constraining the spatial extent and lessening fire-induced effects of subsequent fires. When the amount of time between successive adjacent fires is under 9 years, and when fire weather is not extreme (burning index <34.9), the probability of the latter fire burning into the previous fire area is extremely low. Analysis of fire severity data by 10-year periods revealed a fair degree of stability in the proportion of area burned among fire severity classes (unchanged, low, moderate, high). This is in contrast to a recent study demonstrating increasing high-severity burning throughout the Sierra Nevada from 1984 to 2006, which suggests freely burning fires over time in upper elevation Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forests can regulate fire-induced effects across the landscape. This information can help managers better anticipate short- and long-term effects of allowing naturally ignited fires to burn, and ultimately, improve their ability to implement Wildland Fire Use programs in similar forest types. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-008-9211-7","issn":"14329","usgsCitation":"Collins, B., Miller, J., Thode, A.E., Kelly, M., van Wagtendonk, J., and Stephens, S., 2009, Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area: Ecosystems, v. 12, no. 1, p. 114-128, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9211-7.","startPage":"114","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213304,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9211-7"},{"id":240916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cbee4b0c8380cd62fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, B.M.","contributorId":33925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, J.D.","contributorId":43431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thode, A. E.","contributorId":75870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thode","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, M.","contributorId":39585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stephens, S.L.","contributorId":85694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036627,"text":"70036627 - 2009 - Major earthquakes recorded by Speleothems in Midwestern U.S. caves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036627","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major earthquakes recorded by Speleothems in Midwestern U.S. caves","docAbstract":"Historic earthquakes generated by the New Madrid seismic zone represent some of the largest recorded in the United States, yet prehistoric events are recognized only through deformation in late-Wisconsin to Holocene-age, near surface sediments (liquefaction, monoclinal folding, and changes in river meanders). In this article, we show that speleothems in caves of southwestern Illinois and southeastern Missouri may constitute a previously unrecognized recorder of large earthquakes in the U.S. midcontinent region. The timing of the initiation and regrowth of stalagmites in southwestern Illinois and southeastern Missouri caves is consistent with the historic and prehistoric record of several known seismic events in the U.S. midcontinent region. We conclude that dating the initiation of original stalagmite growth and later postearthquake rejuvenation constitutes a new paleoseismic method that has the potential for being applied to any region around the world in the vicinity of major seismic zones where caves exist. Use of this technique could expand the geographical distribution of paleoseimic data, document prehistoric earthquakes, and help improve interpretations of paleoearthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080261","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Panno, S., Lundstrom, C., Hackley, K.C., Curry, B.B., Fouke, B., and Zhang, Z., 2009, Major earthquakes recorded by Speleothems in Midwestern U.S. caves: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 4, p. 2147-2154, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080261.","startPage":"2147","endPage":"2154","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217815,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080261"},{"id":245787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c0de4b0c8380cd6998e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lundstrom, C.C.","contributorId":72997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstrom","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hackley, Keith C.","contributorId":12166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curry, B. Brandon","contributorId":104224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brandon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fouke, B.W.","contributorId":53137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fouke","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhang, Z.","contributorId":47505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036625,"text":"70036625 - 2009 - TreeMAC: Localized TDMA MAC protocol for real-time high-data-rate sensor networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036625","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"TreeMAC: Localized TDMA MAC protocol for real-time high-data-rate sensor networks","docAbstract":"Earlier sensor network MAC protocols focus on energy conservation in low-duty cycle applications, while some recent applications involve real-time high-data-rate signals. This motivates us to design an innovative localized TDMA MAC protocol to achieve high throughput and low congestion in data collection sensor networks, besides energy conservation. TreeMAC divides a time cycle into frames and frame into slots. Parent determines children's frame assigmnent based on their relative bandwidth demand, and each node calculates its own slot assignment based on its hop-count to the sink. This innovative 2-dimensional frame-slot assignment algorithm has the following nice theory properties. Firstly, given any node, at any time slot, there is at most one active sender in its neighborhood (includ ing itself). Secondly, the packet scheduling with TreelMAC is bufferless, which therefore minimizes the probability of network congestion. Thirdly, the data throughput to gateway is at least 1/3 of the optimum assuming reliable links. Our experiments on a 24 node test bed demonstrate that TreeMAC protocol significantly improves network throughput and energy efficiency, by comparing to the TinyOS's default CSMA MAC protocol and a recent TDMA MAC protocol Funneling-MAC[8]. ?? 2009 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"7th Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, PerCom 2009","conferenceTitle":"7th Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, PerCom 2009","conferenceDate":"9 March 2009 through 13 March 2009","conferenceLocation":"Galveston, TX","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/PERCOM.2009.4912757","isbn":"9781424433049","usgsCitation":"Song, W., Huang, R., Shirazi, B., and Husent, R., 2009, TreeMAC: Localized TDMA MAC protocol for real-time high-data-rate sensor networks, <i>in</i> 7th Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, PerCom 2009, Galveston, TX, 9 March 2009 through 13 March 2009, https://doi.org/10.1109/PERCOM.2009.4912757.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217787,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PERCOM.2009.4912757"},{"id":245756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7a8e4b08c986b3273e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Song, W.-Z.","contributorId":23334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"W.-Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, R.","contributorId":88578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shirazi, B.","contributorId":78162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirazi","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Husent, R.L.","contributorId":95310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Husent","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}