Semi-arid shrub steppe occupies a vast geographic range that is characterized in part by distinct seasonal patterns in precipitation. Few studies have evaluated how variability in both the amount and timing of precipitation affect the structure and physiology of shrubs in these systems. We quantified changes in foliar crown parameters, xylem anatomy, gas exchange, and hydraulic transport capacity in deep-rooted Artemisia tridentata shrubs following 20 years of experimental manipulations in amount and seasonal timing of precipitation. We hypothesized that shrub growth (total leaf area per shrub and cover of shrub community), hydraulic transport efficiency, and gas exchange would increase in shrubs in irrigated plots compared to non-irrigated control plots, especially for irrigation applied in winter rather than summer. We also predicted similar changes in xylem anatomy (ring width, vessel size and frequency). Most treatment responses entailed changes in plant structure, and were generally consistent with our hypotheses: total-shrub leaf area, shrub basal area, canopy cover, and maximum sapwood-specific branch hydraulic conductivity were more than 2× greater in shrubs in winter-irrigated compared to control plots, while summer irrigation had few effects on these variables. Irrigation in either season did not affect xylem vessel size, but did increase xylem ring width by ~ 2 × and decreased xylem vessel frequency by about half. Anatomical, morphological, and stand-level abundance of A. tridentataappeared much more responsive to irrigation than state changes in gas exchange, particularly when the extra water is received during winter. Thus, it appears for sagebrush that seasonal timing is at least as important as the amount of precipitation, and that responses to changes in precipitation timing occur through changes in carbon allocation more so than changes in leaf-level carbon gain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11258-018-0845-z","usgsCitation":"Reinhardt, K., McAbee, K., and Germino, M., 2019, Changes in structure and physiological functioning due to experimentally enhanced precipitation seasonality in a widespread shrub species: Plant Ecology, v. 220, no. 2, p. 199-211, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-018-0845-z.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"211","ipdsId":"IP-089983","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"220","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reinhardt, Keith","contributorId":178543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinhardt","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAbee, Kathryn","contributorId":178542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAbee","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Germino, Matthew 0000-0001-6326-7579 mgermino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":217324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew","email":"mgermino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198756,"text":"70198756 - 2019 - Are waterfowl food resources limited during spring migration? A bioenergetic assessment of playas in Nebraska's rainwater basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T16:21:59","indexId":"70198756","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-05T10:22:07","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are waterfowl food resources limited during spring migration? A bioenergetic assessment of playas in Nebraska's rainwater basin","docAbstract":"Accurate bioenergetic carrying capacity estimates of wetlands on public and private lands, as well as those managed for crop production are important for managing waterfowl populations and habitats. Given the importance of wetlands in the Rainwater Basin region of Nebraska for spring migrating waterfowl, we quantified and compared seed and aquatic invertebrate biomass and true metabolizable energy (TME) at three wetland types; public wetlands, wetlands enrolled in the Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP), and cropped wetlands. Median seed biomass estimates at public, WRP, and cropped wetlands were 593kg/ha, 561kg/ha, and 419kg/ha respectively. Cumulative TME varied among wetland type, with greater TME at cropped wetlands (2,431kcal/kg) than public (1,740kcal/kg) and WRP wetlands (1,781kcal/kg). Seed biomass estimates from this study were statistically greater than those currently used for management planning in the RWB, however, TME estimates were statistically lower than estimates currently assumed for WRP and public wetlands. Our estimates for aquatic invertebrate biomass were approximately 40-fold less than seed biomass estimates. Based on spring ponding frequency at wetlands in Nebraska’s Rainwater Basin, and the caloric estimates derived for each wetland type, we concluded that the regions wetlands meet the energetic demand of spring migrating waterfowl during 10% of years.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-018-1047-0","usgsCitation":"Schepker, T.J., LaGrange, T., and Webb, E.B., 2019, Are waterfowl food resources limited during spring migration? A bioenergetic assessment of playas in Nebraska's rainwater basin: Wetlands, v. 39, no. 1, p. 173-184, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-018-1047-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"184","ipdsId":"IP-091625","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-018-1047-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356618,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Rainwater Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.77783203125,\n 40.22921818870117\n ],\n [\n -99.77783203125,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 40.22921818870117\n ],\n [\n -99.77783203125,\n 40.22921818870117\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a2afe4b0702d0e842fb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schepker, Travis J.","contributorId":207140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schepker","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaGrange, Ted","contributorId":207141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaGrange","given":"Ted","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17640,"text":"Nebraska Game and Parks Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156541,"text":"70156541 - 2019 - The role of fish in a globally changing food system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-23T15:16:58.392901","indexId":"70156541","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The role of fish in a globally changing food system","docAbstract":"Applied research and adaptive management techniques can assist with the necessary evolution of sustainable food systems to include a stronger emphasis on fish and other aquatic organisms. Fish provide key macro‐ and micronutrients and protein, are low in saturated fat, and have been linked to a wide array of health benefits for the developing fetus, infants, and adults. Diet quality is not only important for reducing nutrient deficiency, but is now regarded as essential for preventing chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and cancers. Small‐scale aquaculture also contributes to poverty alleviation and promotes food and nutrition security in less developed parts of the world. Climate change and climate variability influence aquatic ecosystems and fish populations. Ocean acidification is most commonly cited as being detrimental to marine invertebrates and algae that build carbonate structures.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agroclimatology: Linking agriculture to climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS Books","doi":"10.2134/agronmonogr60.2014.0059","isbn":"978-0-89118-358-7","usgsCitation":"Lynch, A., and MacMillan, J.R., 2019, The role of fish in a globally changing food system, chap. of Agroclimatology: Linking agriculture to climate, v. 60, p. 579-593, https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr60.2014.0059.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"593","ipdsId":"IP-067037","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8cde4b0b7ea545240eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lynch, Abigail J. ajlynch@usgs.gov","contributorId":146923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Abigail J.","email":"ajlynch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacMillan, J. Randy","contributorId":108040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacMillan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Randy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197422,"text":"70197422 - 2019 - Climatic sensitivity of dryland soil CO2 fluxes differs dramatically with biological soil crust successional state","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-21T14:58:45","indexId":"70197422","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Climatic sensitivity of dryland soil CO2 fluxes differs dramatically with biological soil crust successional state","title":"Climatic sensitivity of dryland soil CO2 fluxes differs dramatically with biological soil crust successional state","docAbstract":"Arid and semiarid ecosystems make up approximately 41% of Earth’s terrestrial surface and are suggested to regulate the trend and interannual variability of the global terrestrial carbon (C) sink. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are common dryland soil surface communities of bryophytes, lichens, and/or cyanobacteria that bind the soil surface together and that may play an important role in regulating the climatic sensitivity of the dryland C cycle. Major uncertainties exist in our understanding of the interacting effects of changing temperature and moisture on CO2 uptake (photosynthesis) and loss (respiration) from biocrust and sub-crust soil, particularly as related to biocrust successional state. Here, we used a mesocosm approach to assess how biocrust successional states related to climate treatments. We subjected bare soil (Bare), early successional lightly pigmented cyanobacterial biocrust (Early), and late successional darkly pigmented moss-lichen biocrust (Late) to either ambient or + 5°C above ambient soil temperature for 84 days. Under ambient temperatures, Late biocrust mesocosms showed frequent net uptake of CO2, whereas Bare soil, Early biocrust, and warmed Late biocrust mesocosms mostly lost CO2 to the atmosphere. The inhibiting effect of warming on CO2 exchange was a result of accelerated drying of biocrust and soil. We used these data to parameterize, via Bayesian methods, a model of ecosystem CO2 fluxes, and evaluated the model with data from an autochamber CO2 system at our field site on the Colorado Plateau in SE Utah. In the context of the field experiment, the data underscore the negative effect of warming on fluxes both biocrust CO2 uptake and loss—which, because biocrusts are a dominant land cover type in this ecosystem, may extend to ecosystem-scale C cycling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-018-0250-4","usgsCitation":"Tucker, C., Ferrenberg, S., and Reed, S.C., 2019, Climatic sensitivity of dryland soil CO2 fluxes differs dramatically with biological soil crust successional state: Ecosystems, v. 22, no. 1, p. 15-32, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0250-4.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"32","ipdsId":"IP-083628","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e575e4b060350a15d191","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucker, Colin 0000-0002-4539-7780 ctucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-7780","contributorId":167487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Colin","email":"ctucker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrenberg, Scott 0000-0002-3542-0334 sferrenberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3542-0334","contributorId":147684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrenberg","given":"Scott","email":"sferrenberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70204494,"text":"70204494 - 2019 - Terrestrial fauna are agents and endpoints in ecosystem restoration following dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-26T15:14:32","indexId":"70204494","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-01T15:13:01","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrestrial fauna are agents and endpoints in ecosystem restoration following dam removal","docAbstract":"Dam removal is an effective and increasingly applied river restoration strategy. This has led to heightened calls for research and monitoring aimed at understanding physical and ecological outcomes following dam removal. While such research programs have increased, roles of terrestrial fauna in the restoration process remain poorly understood, although wildlife and invertebrate fauna are key components of restored ecosystems. Wildlife play reciprocal roles in restoration: they benefit from restored habitats and their activities affect restoration trajectories. Dam removal exposes substrates on former reservoirs and reconnects river corridors, providing new habitat and food resources for terrestrial fauna. Conversely, many wildlife may influence the river restoration process, with both short-term and long-term consequences for community composition, nutrient transfer, and ecosystem function. We assert that considering terrestrial fauna more directly in river restoration research and planning can enhance restoration outcomes. We illustrate these concepts by describing short-term patterns and potential future processes expected from the recent removal of two large dams on the Elwha River in Washington State, the largest dam removal effort ever undertaken. We conclude that an ecosystem-level understanding of restoration following dam removal is critical to fully assessing the impacts and benefits of restoration. This includes measuring the roles and responses of terrestrial fauna to these ecologically and culturally significant restoration projects.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin Press","doi":"10.3368/er.36.2.97","usgsCitation":"McCaffery, R.M., McLaughlin, J.P., Sager-Fradkin, K., and Jenkins, K.J., 2019, Terrestrial fauna are agents and endpoints in ecosystem restoration following dam removal: Ecological Restoration, v. 36, no. 2, p. 97-107, https://doi.org/10.3368/er.36.2.97.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"107","ipdsId":"IP-078714","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":365997,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://er.uwpress.org/content/36/2/97.abstract"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCaffery, Rebecca M. 0000-0002-0396-0387","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-0387","contributorId":211539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffery","given":"Rebecca","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLaughlin, John P. 0000-0002-8756-2123","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8756-2123","contributorId":203516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36524,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sager-Fradkin, Kim","contributorId":217672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sager-Fradkin","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39680,"text":"Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70203182,"text":"70203182 - 2019 - In situ distributions of magnetic susceptibility in some igneous rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-25T14:31:08","indexId":"70203182","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-31T14:28:41","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"In situ distributions of magnetic susceptibility in some igneous rocks","docAbstract":"Measurements of in-situ magnetic susceptibility were compiled from mainly Precambrian crystalline basement rocks beneath the Colorado Plateau and ranges in Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. The susceptibility meter used samples about 33 cubic centimeters of rock and measures variations in the modal distribution of magnetic minerals that form a minor component volumetrically in these coarsely crystalline granitic to granodioritic rocks. Recent measurements include 50-150 measurements on each outcrop and show that the distribution of magnetic susceptibilities is highly variable, multimodal and strongly non-Gaussian so that a mean value has little significance. Rock bodies with the most multimodal distributions generally have complex tectonic histories including metamorphism and multiple tectonic events. Variations between outcrops within the same rock body are large; however, where distributions overlap, measurements appear to fill gaps within modal peaks. Histograms of measurements are a better representation of the magnetic susceptibility distribution for a given rock body than mean and standard deviation. The best effective magnetic susceptibility estimate for an outcrop can be obtained by computing themagnetic force of the measurements 3-5 m above the outcrop and finding the constant susceptibility that gives an equal integral of the force. The multifractal distribution of the minor minerals in the rocks explains the observed multimodal distributions of magnetic susceptibility at millimeter to meter scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Horizons in Earth Science Research. Volume 18","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nova Science Publishers, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Gettings, M.E., 2019, In situ distributions of magnetic susceptibility in some igneous rocks, chap. 6 of Horizons in Earth Science Research. Volume 18, p. 183-208.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"208","ipdsId":"IP-093170","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365029,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":363214,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://novapublishers.com/shop/horizons-in-earth-science-research-volume-18/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gettings, Mark E. 0000-0002-2910-2321 mgetting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2910-2321","contributorId":602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettings","given":"Mark","email":"mgetting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197363,"text":"70197363 - 2019 - Post-fire redistribution of soil carbon and nitrogen at a grassland-shrubland ecotone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-21T14:59:36","indexId":"70197363","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-fire redistribution of soil carbon and nitrogen at a grassland-shrubland ecotone","docAbstract":"The rapid conversion of grasslands into shrublands has been observed in many arid and semiarid regions worldwide. Studies have shown that fire can provide certain forms of reversibility for shrub-grass transition due to resource homogenization and shrub mortality, especially in the early stages of shrub encroachment. Field-level post-fire soil resource redistribution has rarely been tested. Here we used prescribed fire in a shrubland-grassland transition zone in the northern Chihuahuan Desert to test the hypothesis that fire facilitates the remobilization of nutrient-enriched soil from shrub microsites to grass and bare microsites and thereby reduces the spatial heterogeneity of soil resources. Results show that the shrub microsites had the lowest water content compared to grass and bare microsites after fire, even when rain events occurred. Significant differences of total soil carbon (TC) and total soil nitrogen (TN) among the three microsites disappeared one year after the fire. The spatial autocorrelation distance increased from 1~2 m, approximately the mean size of an individual shrub canopy, to over 5 m one year after the fire for TC and TN. Patches of high soil C and N decomposed one year after the prescribed fire. Overall, fire stimulates the transfer of soil C and N from shrub microsites to nutrient-depleted grass and bare microsites. Such a redistribution of soil C and N, coupled with the reduced soil water content under the shrub canopies, suggests that fire might influence the competition between shrubs and grasses, leading to a higher grass, compared to shrub, coverage in this ecotone.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-018-0260-2","usgsCitation":"Wang, G., Li, J., Ravi, S., Dukes, D., Gonzales, H.B., and Sankey, J.B., 2019, Post-fire redistribution of soil carbon and nitrogen at a grassland-shrubland ecotone: Ecosystems, v. 22, no. 1, p. 174-188, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0260-2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"188","ipdsId":"IP-091417","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354651,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, Chihuahua, New Mexico, 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Geosciences, University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ravi, Sujith","contributorId":202738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ravi","given":"Sujith","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36520,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dukes, David","contributorId":202736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dukes","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36520,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gonzales, Howell B.","contributorId":202737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzales","given":"Howell","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36520,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70197371,"text":"70197371 - 2019 - Drivers and uncertainties of forecasted range shifts for warm-water fishes under climate and land cover change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T11:28:08","indexId":"70197371","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drivers and uncertainties of forecasted range shifts for warm-water fishes under climate and land cover change","docAbstract":"Land cover is an important determinant of aquatic habitat and is projected to shift with climate changes, yet climate-driven land cover changes are rarely factored into climate assessments. To quantify impacts and uncertainty of coupled climate and land cover change on warm-water fish species’ distributions, we used an ensemble model approach to project distributions of 14 species. For each species, current range projections were compared to 27 scenario-based projections and aggregated to visualize uncertainty. Multiple regression and model selection techniques were used to identify drivers of range change. Novel, or no-analogue, climates were assessed to evaluate transferability of models. Changes in total probability of occurrence ranged widely across species, from a 63% increase to a 65% decrease. Distributional gains and losses were largely driven by temperature and flow variables and underscore the importance of habitat heterogeneity and connectivity to facilitate adaptation to changing conditions. Finally, novel climate conditions were driven by mean annual maximum temperature, which stresses the importance of understanding the role of temperature on fish physiology and the role of temperature-mitigating management practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2018-0002","usgsCitation":"Bouska, K.L., Whitledge, G.W., Lant, C., and Schoof, J., 2019, Drivers and uncertainties of forecasted range shifts for warm-water fishes under climate and land cover change: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 76, no. 3, p. 415-425, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0002.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"425","ipdsId":"IP-093466","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0002","text":"External Repository"},{"id":354616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"76","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b155d72e4b092d9651e1af6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouska, Kristen L. 0000-0002-4115-2313 kbouska@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4115-2313","contributorId":178005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouska","given":"Kristen","email":"kbouska@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitledge, Gregory W.","contributorId":73110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitledge","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lant, Christopher","contributorId":205317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lant","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schoof, Justin","contributorId":205318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoof","given":"Justin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197333,"text":"70197333 - 2019 - Gas and ash emissions associated with the 2010–present activity of Sinabung Volcano, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-21T09:06:03","indexId":"70197333","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas and ash emissions associated with the 2010–present activity of Sinabung Volcano, Indonesia","docAbstract":"Sinabung Volcano (Sumatra, Indonesia) awoke from over 1200 years of dormancy with multiple phreatic explosions in 2010. After a period of quiescence, Sinabung activity resumed in 2013, producing frequent explosions, lava dome extrusion, and pyroclastic flows from dome collapses, becoming one of the world's most active volcanoes and displacing over 20,000 citizens. This study presents a compilation of the geochemical datasets collected by the Indonesian Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM) from 2010 - current (2016), which provides insights into the evolution of the eruption. Based on observations of SO2 emissions, ash componentry, leachate chemistry, and bulk ash geochemistry, the eruption can be split into five distinct phases. The initial stage of phreatic summit explosions occurred from August - October 2010, during which background SO2 emissions averaged ~550 ± 180 t/d (1 s.d.). An eruptive pause (phase two) starting in October 2010 abruptly ended in September 2013 with a resumption of conduit-clearing eruptions. This third phase had a relatively modest background SO2 emission rate (avg. ~410 ± 275 t/d) and produced ash consisting entirely of accidental ejecta with high S/Cl leachate ratios (up to 30), suggestive of deep-sourced magma and the incorporation of hydrothermal sulfur-bearing phases. The most intense phase of the eruption (phase four) occurred from December 2013 to February 2014, when juvenile magma first reached the surface. This period included dozens of large eruptions per day, high SO2 emission rates (average: 1,120 ± 1,030 t/d, peak: ~3,800 t/d), the onset of lava dome extrusion, and a dramatic drop in S/Cl ash leachates to ratios < 5, all reflecting increased degassing from shallow magma and the clearing out of sulfurous phases from the old hydrothermal system. From late February 2014 through the time of writing (September 2016), Sinabung settled into a relatively steady state of lower activity (phase five). Ash emissions now consist of dominantly juvenile material, and background SO2 emission rates have been progressively decreasing to an average of ~250 - 300 t/d. Starting August 2016, SO2 emissions started being measured in a continuous manner using a network of permanent scanning DOAS instruments. We find that long-term SO2 emission rates have been gradually declining at Sinabung since early 2014, consistent with an apparent decrease in magma supply. Our degassing model suggests that large explosions and pyroclastic flows could continue in the near-term owing to conduit plugging and dome collapses, remaining a major threat until the magma supply rate decreases further and the eruption ends.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.11.018","usgsCitation":"Primulyana, S., Kern, C., Lerner, A., Saing, U., Kunrat, S., Alfianti, H., and Marlia, M., 2019, Gas and ash emissions associated with the 2010–present activity of Sinabung Volcano, Indonesia: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 382, p. 184-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.11.018.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"196","ipdsId":"IP-080511","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.11.018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":354587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","state":"Sumatra","otherGeospatial":"Mount Sinabung","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 94.04296874999999,\n 6.140554782450308\n ],\n [\n 97.03125,\n -1.0546279422758742\n ],\n [\n 101.7333984375,\n -1.0546279422758742\n ],\n [\n 101.0302734375,\n 4.565473550710278\n ],\n [\n 97.03125,\n 7.885147283424331\n ],\n [\n 94.04296874999999,\n 6.140554782450308\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"382","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b155df3e4b092d9651e1b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Primulyana, Sofyan","contributorId":194978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Primulyana","given":"Sofyan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kern, Christoph 0000-0002-8920-5701 ckern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-5701","contributorId":3387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"Christoph","email":"ckern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lerner, Allan","contributorId":205264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lerner","given":"Allan","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saing, Ugan","contributorId":205265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saing","given":"Ugan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37068,"text":"CVGHM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kunrat, Syegi","contributorId":205266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kunrat","given":"Syegi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37069,"text":"CVGHM, Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alfianti, Hilma","contributorId":205267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alfianti","given":"Hilma","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37068,"text":"CVGHM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marlia, Mitha","contributorId":205268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marlia","given":"Mitha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37068,"text":"CVGHM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70206993,"text":"70206993 - 2019 - Downhole physical property-based description of a gas hydrate petroleum system in NGHP-02 Area C: A channel, levee, fan complex in the Krishna-Godavari Basin offshore eastern India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-03T08:21:59","indexId":"70206993","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-25T08:19:12","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downhole physical property-based description of a gas hydrate petroleum system in NGHP-02 Area C: A channel, levee, fan complex in the Krishna-Godavari Basin offshore eastern India","docAbstract":"India’s second National Gas Hydrate Program expedition, NGHP-02, collected logging while drilling and sediment core data in Area C offshore eastern India, to investigate controls on the distribution and peak saturations of methane gas hydrate occurrences in buried channel, levee and fan deposits. Physical property results are presented here for the four Area C coring sites: NGHP-02-07, targeting an upper continental-slope channel deposit; NGHP-02-08 and -09, targeting levee deposits on either side of a channel further downslope, and NGHP-02-05, targeting a sequence of fan deposits extending out from the slope base. Coarse-grained sediment exists at each site, but site-specific differences in clay distribution provide significant controls on the gas hydrate distribution and saturation. At NGHP-02-07, only the upper ~4 m of a ~42 m-thick, relatively low clay-content, coarse-grained interval is inferred to be gas hydrate-bearing. NGHP-02-07 has a relatively thin, high-permeability overburden seal, and methane-rich fluid likely leaks from the primary reservoir. NGHP-02-08’s levee deposit seal is similarly permeable near the reservoir, but becomes less permeable toward the seafloor. Relative to NGHP-02-07, methane is retained more effectively in the NGHP-02-08 reservoir, but that reservoir is interbedded with layers of high clay-content, low gas hydrate saturation sediment, limiting the maximum gas hydrate content for NGHP-02-08. NGHP-02-09, the second levee deposit site, has a thicker, less permeable overburden than NGHP-02-08, combined with >50 m-thick, low clay-content reservoir sediments. Correspondingly, NGHP-02-09 has a thicker gas hydrate-bearing reservoir with consistently higher gas hydrate saturations than NGHP-02-08. NGHP-02-05 has abundant coarse-grained material spread over nearly the entire drilling interval, but the sediment is poorly sorted. Gas hydrate is distributed among several primarily coarse-grained layers, but gas hydrate saturations are limited by relatively high clay contents, and an overlying seal that is too thin and permeable to effectively retain methane in the reservoir.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.05.021","usgsCitation":"Waite, W., Jang, J., Collett, T.S., and Kumar, R., 2019, Downhole physical property-based description of a gas hydrate petroleum system in NGHP-02 Area C: A channel, levee, fan complex in the Krishna-Godavari Basin offshore eastern India: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 108, p. 272-295, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.05.021.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"272","endPage":"295","ipdsId":"IP-095341","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jang, Junbong 0000-0001-5500-7558 jjang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-7558","contributorId":189400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jang","given":"Junbong","email":"jjang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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rokumar@usgs.gov","contributorId":4284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"Ronish","email":"rokumar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":776531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70217275,"text":"70217275 - 2019 - Slope failure and mass transport processes along the Queen Charlotte Fault Zone, western British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-14T18:47:10.564976","indexId":"70217275","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-24T12:37:20","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1791,"text":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slope failure and mass transport processes along the Queen Charlotte Fault Zone, western British Columbia","docAbstract":"Multibeam echosounder (MBES) images, 3.5 kHz seismic-reflection profiles and piston cores obtained along the southern Queen Charlotte Fault Zone are used to map and date mass-wasting events at this transform margin – a seismically active boundary that separates the Pacific Plate from the North American Plate. Whereas the upper continental slope adjacent to and east (upslope) of the fault zone offshore of the Haida Gwaii is heavily gullied, few large-sized submarine landslides in this area are observed in the MBES images. However, smaller submarine seafloor slides exist locally in areas where fluid flow appears to be occurring and large seafloor slides have recently been detected at the base of the steep continental slope just above its contact with the abyssal plain on the Queen Charlotte Terrace. In addition, along the subtle slope re-entrant area offshore of the Dixon Entrance shelf bathymetric data suggest that extensive mass wasting has occurred in the vicinity of an active mud volcano venting gas. We surmise that the relative lack of submarine slides along the upper slope in close proximity to the Queen Charlotte Fault Zone may be the result of seismic strengthening (compaction and cohesion) of a sediment-starved shelf and slope through multiple seismic events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/SP477.31","usgsCitation":"Greene, H.G., Barrie, J., Brothers, D.S., Conrad, J.E., Conway, K., East, A.E., Enkin, R.J., Maier, K.L., Walton, M.A., and Rohr, K..., 2019, Slope failure and mass transport processes along the Queen Charlotte Fault Zone, western British Columbia: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 477, p. 85-106, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.31.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"106","ipdsId":"IP-093171","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382178,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Queen Charlotte Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128.3642578125,\n 50.28933925329178\n ],\n [\n -133.0224609375,\n 56.41390137600676\n ],\n [\n -136.58203125,\n 59.085738569819505\n ],\n [\n -142.734375,\n 56.992882804633986\n ],\n [\n -135.1318359375,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -128.3642578125,\n 50.28933925329178\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"477","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, H. G.","contributorId":116109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrie, J. Vaughn","contributorId":242728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrie","given":"J. Vaughn","affiliations":[{"id":48497,"text":"2Geological Survey of Canada (Pacific,)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brothers, Daniel S. 0000-0001-7702-157X dbrothers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-157X","contributorId":167089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel","email":"dbrothers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conway, Kim","contributorId":242731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conway","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48501,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada (Pacific)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"East, Amy E. 0000-0002-9567-9460 aeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-9460","contributorId":196364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Enkin, Randolph J.","contributorId":75373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enkin","given":"Randolph","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Maier, Katherine L. 0000-0003-2908-3340 kcoble@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2908-3340","contributorId":4926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maier","given":"Katherine","email":"kcoble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Walton, Maureen A. L. 0000-0001-8496-463X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8496-463X","contributorId":211025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"A. L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rohr, K .M. M.","contributorId":238949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rohr","given":"K","email":"","middleInitial":".M. M.","affiliations":[{"id":47832,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada – Pacific, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney BC, V8L 4B2, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70202954,"text":"70202954 - 2019 - The epidemiology of avian pox and interaction with avian malaria in Hawaiian forest birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-09T17:19:01","indexId":"70202954","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-22T17:18:34","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The epidemiology of avian pox and interaction with avian malaria in Hawaiian forest birds","docAbstract":"Despite the purported role of avian pox (Avipoxvirus spp.) in the decline of endemic Hawaiian birds, few studies have been conducted on the dynamics of this disease, its impact on free‐living avian populations, or its interactions with avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum). We conducted four longitudinal studies of 3–7 yr in length and used generalized linear models to evaluate cross‐sectional prevalence of active pox infection and individuals with healed deformities that had recovered from pox. Our goal was to understand how species, season, elevation, malaria infection, and other biological characteristics influenced pox infection in ʻApapane, Hawaiʻi ʻAmakihi, ʻIʻiwi, and Japanese White‐eye across low‐, mid‐, and high‐elevation forests on the island of Hawaiʻi. We also used multi‐state capture‐recapture (longitudinal) models to estimate pox infection rates, recovery rates, and potential pox‐related mortality. Pox infection rates were typically highest in low‐elevation forests, followed by mid‐elevation forests, and lowest in high‐elevation forests. We also found seasonal changes in pox prevalence throughout the annual cycle; typically increasing from spring through summer, peaking in fall, and declining in winter. These seasonal changes occurred in low‐ and mid‐elevation forests, but not in high elevations where pox infection was low. Seasonal and elevation patterns of pox infection are like those for avian malaria, strongly implicating mosquito vectors, rather than other biting arthropods or contact transmission, as the primary source of transmitting both diseases. Most native Hawaiian birds recovered from pox infection within 6 months; frequently without permanent lesions. Contrary to our expectations, we found no direct evidence that pox is a substantial mortality factor in any of the three native bird species we studied. Birds with chronic malaria infection were more likely to have both active pox infection and healed pox lesions suggesting a synergistic interaction that may influence the evolution of pox virulence. Because pox infection can be assessed visually, and birds have a high recovery rate, this disease may be a sensitive indicator of the seasonal and annual risk of transmission of malaria in Hawaiʻi.
Recent evidence suggests wild rice (Zizania palustris), an important resource for migrating waterfowl, is declining in parts of central North America, providing motivation to rigorously quantify the relationship between waterfowl and wild rice. A hierarchical mixed-effects model was applied to data on waterfowl abundance for 16 species, wild rice stem density, and two measures of water depth (true water depth at vegetation sampling locations and water surface elevation). Results provide evidence for an effect of true water depth (TWD) on wild rice abundance (posterior mean estimate for TWD coefficient, β TWD = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.11—1.74), but not for an effect of wild rice stem density or water surface elevation on local waterfowl abundance (posterior mean values for relevant parameters overlapped 0). Refined protocols for sampling design and more consistent sampling frequency to increase data quality should be pursued to overcome issues that may have obfuscated relationships evaluated here.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-018-1025-6","usgsCitation":"Aagaard, K., Eash, J.D., Ford, W., Heglund, P., McDowell, M., and Thogmartin, W.E., 2019, Modeling the relationship between water level, wild rice abundance, and waterfowl abundance at a central North American wetland: Wetlands, v. 39, no. 1, p. 149-160, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-018-1025-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"160","ipdsId":"IP-070237","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b155d7ae4b092d9651e1b48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aagaard, Kevin 0000-0003-0756-2172 kaagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0756-2172","contributorId":147393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Kevin","email":"kaagaard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eash, Josh D.","contributorId":100933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"Josh","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ford, Walt","contributorId":205151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"Walt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heglund, Patricia J.","contributorId":51248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heglund","given":"Patricia J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDowell, Michelle","contributorId":205152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDowell","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70204878,"text":"70204878 - 2019 - Synchrony — An emergent property of recreational fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-21T15:17:07","indexId":"70204878","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-21T15:16:19","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synchrony — An emergent property of recreational fisheries","docAbstract":"Recreational fisheries are traditionally managed at local scales, but more effective management could be achieved using a cross‐scale approach. To do this, we must first understand how local processes scale up to influence landscape patterns between anglers and resources. We highlight how population‐based synchrony methods, used in conjunction with a complex‐adaptive‐systems framework, can reveal emergent spatial properties within social‐ecological systems such as recreational fisheries. Herein, we quantified the level of spatial synchrony in angler behaviour, defined the relationship between angler synchrony and distance among waterbodies, and highlighted social‐ecological attributes contributing to these patterns. We leveraged a 111 waterbody‐year (34 waterbodies, 5‐year collection period) recreational fisheries dataset from Nebraska, USA to address these objectives. Intra‐annual patterns in angler behaviour were moderately synchronous across large spatial scales and predominately unrelated to distance among waterbodies. Large‐scale synchronous patterns in angler behaviour emerged from local‐scale interactions between angler heterogeneity and waterbody diversity. Spatial synchrony in angler behaviour is an emergent property that resulted from local‐level processes that scaled up to form large‐scale patterns. We posit that angler utility in combination with waterbodies sharing these desired utility components caused spatial synchrony among anglers with similar preferences or specializations. The level of spatial synchrony in angler behaviour will therefore depend on the degree of angler heterogeneity and waterbody diversity on the landscape, with high or low levels of both leading to low and high levels of spatial synchrony respectively. Synthesis and applications. Synchrony‐based methods proved useful for unveiling an emergent property in recreational fisheries that is beneficial for effective cross‐scale management. It may not be appropriate to extrapolate information and apply uniform management actions among local waterbodies because angler behaviour was not synchronous at small scales. Rather, anglers respond uniquely to waterbody diversity and therefore substitute waterbodies may be dispersed throughout the landscape. Creating boat access, for example could yield unintended consequences for a particular angler group and cause local and regional shifts in angler behaviour. Evaluating appropriate management options will require a cross‐scale monitoring approach that captures angler heterogeneity and waterbody diversity at multiple scales. Recreational fisheries are traditionally managed at local scales, but more effective management could be achieved using a cross‐scale approach. To do this, we must first understand how local processes scale up to influence landscape patterns between anglers and resources. We highlight how population‐based synchrony methods, used in conjunction with a complex‐adaptive‐systems framework, can reveal emergent spatial properties within social‐ecological systems such as recreational fisheries. Herein, we quantified the level of spatial synchrony in angler behaviour, defined the relationship between angler synchrony and distance among waterbodies, and highlighted social‐ecological attributes contributing to these patterns. We leveraged a 111 waterbody‐year (34 waterbodies, 5‐year collection period) recreational fisheries dataset from Nebraska, USA to address these objectives. Intra‐annual patterns in angler behaviour were moderately synchronous across large spatial scales and predominately unrelated to distance among waterbodies. Large‐scale synchronous patterns in angler behaviour emerged from local‐scale interactions between angler heterogeneity and waterbody diversity. Spatial synchrony in angler behaviour is an emergent property that resulted from local‐level processes that scaled up to form large‐scale patterns. We posit that angler","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.13164","usgsCitation":"Pope, K.L., 2019, Synchrony — An emergent property of recreational fisheries: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 55, no. 6, p. 2986-2996, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13164.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2986","endPage":"2996","ipdsId":"IP-086746","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70203771,"text":"70203771 - 2019 - Slope failure and mass transport processes along the Queen Charlotte Fault, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-12T08:56:36","indexId":"70203771","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-21T10:18:22","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slope failure and mass transport processes along the Queen Charlotte Fault, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"The Queen Charlotte Fault defines the Pacific–North America transform plate boundary in western Canada and southeastern Alaska for c. 900 km. The entire length of the fault is submerged along a continental margin dominated by Quaternary glacial processes, yet the geomorphology along the margin has never been systematically examined due to the absence of high-resolution seafloor mapping data. Hence the geological processes that influence the distribution, character and timing of mass transport events and their associated hazards remain poorly understood. Here we develop a classification of the first-order shape of the continental shelf, slope and rise to examine potential relationships between form and process dominance. We found that the margin can be split into six geomorphic groups that vary smoothly from north to south between two basic end-members. The northernmost group (west of Chichagof Island, Alaska) is characterized by concave-upwards slope profiles, gentle slope gradients (<6°) and relatively low along-strike variance, all features characteristic of sediment-dominated siliciclastic margins. Dendritic submarine canyon/channel networks and retrogressive failure complexes along relatively gentle slope gradients are observed throughout the region, suggesting that high rates of Quaternary sediment delivery and accumulation played a fundamental part in mass transport processes. Individual failures range in area from 0.02 to 70 km2 and display scarp heights between 10 and 250 m. Transpression along the Queen Charlotte Fault increases southwards and the slope physiography is thus progressively more influenced by regional-scale tectonic deformation. The southernmost group (west of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia) defines the tectonically dominated end-member: the continental slope is characterized by steep gradients (>20°) along the flanks of broad, margin-parallel ridges and valleys. Mass transport features in the tectonically dominated areas are mostly observed along steep escarpments and the larger slides (up to 10 km2) appear to be failures of consolidated material along the flanks of tectonic features. Overall, these observations highlight the role of first-order margin physiography on the distribution and type of submarine landslides expected to occur in particular morphological settings. The sediment-dominated end-member allows for the accumulation of under-consolidated Quaternary sediments and shows larger, more frequent slides; the rugged physiography of the tectonically dominated end-member leads to sediment bypass and the collapse of uplifted tectonic features. The maximum and average dimensions of slides are an order of magnitude smaller than those of slides observed along other (passive) glaciated margins. We propose that the general patterns observed in slide distribution are caused by the interplay between tectonic activity (long- and short-term) and sediment delivery. The recurrence (<100 years) of M > 7 earthquakes along the Queen Charlotte Fault may generate small, but frequent, failures of under-consolidated Quaternary sediments within the sediment-dominated regions. By contrast, the tectonically dominated regions are characterized by the bypass of Quaternary sediments to the continental rise and the less frequent collapse of steep, uplifted and consolidated sediments.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/SP477.30","usgsCitation":"Brothers, D., Andrews, B.D., Walton, M.A., Greene, H.G., Barrie, J.V., Miller, N.C., ten Brink, U., East, A.E., Haeussler, P.J., Kluesner, J., and Conrad, J.E., 2019, Slope failure and mass transport processes along the Queen Charlotte Fault, southeastern Alaska: Geological Society Special Publication, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.30.","productDescription":"15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-091677","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Queen Charlotte Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -140,\n 50\n ],\n [\n -128,\n 50\n ],\n [\n -128,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 50\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brothers, Daniel","contributorId":216159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Brian D. 0000-0003-1024-9400 bandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1024-9400","contributorId":201662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Brian","email":"bandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton, Maureen A. L. 0000-0001-8496-463X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8496-463X","contributorId":211025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"A. L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":208568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greene","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[{"id":6751,"text":"Moss Landing Marine Laboratories","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barrie, J. Vaughn","contributorId":216160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrie","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Vaughn","affiliations":[{"id":13092,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Nathaniel C. 0000-0003-3271-2929 ncmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3271-2929","contributorId":174592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Nathaniel","email":"ncmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":764054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"East, Amy E. 0000-0002-9567-9460 aeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-9460","contributorId":196364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kluesner, Jared W. 0000-0003-1701-8832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-8832","contributorId":206367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluesner","given":"Jared W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70196987,"text":"70196987 - 2019 - Influences of spawning timing, water temperature, and climatic warming on early life history phenology in western Alaska sockeye salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-28T09:35:59","indexId":"70196987","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of spawning timing, water temperature, and climatic warming on early life history phenology in western Alaska sockeye salmon","docAbstract":"We applied an empirical model to predict hatching and emergence timing for 25 western Alaska sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations in four lake-nursery systems to explore current patterns and potential responses of early life history phenology to warming water temperatures. Given experienced temperature regimes during development, we predicted hatching to occur in as few as 58 d to as many as 260 d depending on spawning timing and temperature. For a focal lake spawning population, our climate-lake temperature model predicted a water temperature increase of 0.7 to 1.4 °C from 2015 to 2099 during the incubation period, which translated to a 16 d to 30 d earlier hatching timing. The most extreme scenarios of warming advanced development by approximately a week earlier than historical minima and thus climatic warming may lead to only modest shifts in phenology during the early life history stage of this population. The marked variation in the predicted timing of hatching and emergence among populations in close proximity on the landscape may serve to buffer this metapopulation from climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2017-0468","usgsCitation":"Sparks, M.M., Falke, J.A., Quinn, T.P., Adkison, M.D., Schindler, D.E., Bartz, K.K., Young, D.B., and Westley, P.A., 2019, Influences of spawning timing, water temperature, and climatic warming on early life history phenology in western Alaska sockeye salmon: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 76, no. 1, p. 123-135, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0468.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"135","ipdsId":"IP-092007","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bde4b0da30c1bfbd8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparks, Morgan M.","contributorId":200252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sparks","given":"Morgan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falke, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-6670-8250 jfalke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-8250","contributorId":5195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falke","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jfalke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quinn, Thomas P.","contributorId":167272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":24671,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fsiery Sciences, UW, Box 355020, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adkison, Milo D.","contributorId":100791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adkison","given":"Milo","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schindler, Daniel E.","contributorId":83485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bartz, Krista K.","contributorId":200705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartz","given":"Krista","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, Daniel","contributorId":58468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":35763,"text":"National Park Service, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Port Alsworth, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Westley, Peter A. H.","contributorId":190530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westley","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70198751,"text":"70198751 - 2019 - Using spatially‐explicit capture–recapture models to explain variation in seasonal density patterns of sympatric ursids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T15:14:09","indexId":"70198751","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-08T15:54:08","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using spatially‐explicit capture–recapture models to explain variation in seasonal density patterns of sympatric ursids","docAbstract":"Understanding how environmental factors interact to determine the abundance and distribution of animals is a primary goal of ecology, and fundamental to the conservation of wildlife populations. Studies of these relationships, however, often assume static environmental conditions, and rarely consider effects of competition with ecologically similar species. In many parts of their shared ranges, grizzly bears Ursus arctos and American black bears U. americanus have nearly complete dietary overlap and share similar life history traits. We therefore tested the hypothesis that density patterns of both bear species would reflect seasonal variation in available resources, with areas of higher primary productivity supporting higher densities of both species. We also hypothesized that interspecific competition would influence seasonal density patterns. Specifically, we predicted that grizzly bear density would be locally reduced due to the ability of black bears to more efficiently exploit patchy food resources such as seasonally abundant fruits. To test our hypotheses, we used detections of 309 grizzly and 597 black bears from two independent genetic sampling methods in spatially‐explicit capture–recapture (SECR) models. Our results suggest grizzly bear density was lower in areas of high black bear density during spring and summer, although intraspecific densities were also important, particularly during the breeding season. Black bears had lower densities in areas of high grizzly bear density in spring; however, density of black bears in early and late summer was best explained by primary productivity. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that smaller‐bodied, more abundant black bears may influence the density patterns of behaviorally‐dominant grizzly bears through exploitative competition. We also suggest that seasonal variation in resource availability be considered in efforts to relate environmental conditions to animal density.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.03556","usgsCitation":"Stetz, J.B., Mitchell, M.S., and Kendall, K.C., 2019, Using spatially‐explicit capture–recapture models to explain variation in seasonal density patterns of sympatric ursids: Ecography, v. 42, no. 2, p. 237-248, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.03556.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"248","ipdsId":"IP-089876","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356779,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.7576904296875,\n 47.98072994347796\n ],\n [\n -113.038330078125,\n 47.98072994347796\n ],\n [\n -113.038330078125,\n 48.996438064932285\n ],\n [\n -114.7576904296875,\n 48.996438064932285\n ],\n [\n -114.7576904296875,\n 47.98072994347796\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a2c6e4b0702d0e842fe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stetz, Jeffrey B.","contributorId":15493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetz","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, Michael S. 0000-0002-0773-6905 mmitchel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-6905","contributorId":3716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"mmitchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, Katherine C. 0000-0002-4831-2287 kkendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-2287","contributorId":3081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Katherine","email":"kkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207403,"text":"70207403 - 2019 - Ecological and management implications of climate change induced shifts in phenology of coastal fish and wildlife species in the Northeast CASC region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-27T19:03:00.238284","indexId":"70207403","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-01T20:09:55","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ecological and management implications of climate change induced shifts in phenology of coastal fish and wildlife species in the Northeast CASC region","docAbstract":"Climate change is causing species to shift their phenology, or the timing of recurring life events such as migration and reproduction, in variable and complex ways. This can potentially result in mismatches or asynchronies in food and habitat resources that negatively impact individual fitness, population dynamics, and ecosystem function. Numerous studies have evaluated phenological shifts in terrestrial species, particularly birds and plants, yet far fewer evaluations have been conducted for marine animals. This project seeks to improve our understanding of shifts in the timing of seasonal migration, spawning or breeding, and biological development (i.e. life stages present, dominant) of coastal fishes, marine mammals,and migratory shore and seabirds along the U.S Atlantic coast. Ideally the suite of species selected will allow us to compare whether fish, marine mammals, shore and seabird predators are shifting their phenology at different rates than their primary prey and optimal habitat conditions, thus influencing trophic interactions and population dynamics. A comprehensive literature review will be conducted simultaneous to data collection and synthesis to determine what is known, and what knowledge/information/data gaps exist regarding regional phenological responses of coastal species to climate change. Project results will help managers assess the vulnerability of coastal species to climate change by providing information on how they are responding to impacts in the region.
We clarify relationships between conditional (CAR) and simultaneous (SAR) autoregressive models. We review the literature on this topic and find that it is mostly incomplete. Our main result is that a SAR model can be written as a unique CAR model, and while a CAR model can be written as a SAR model, it is not unique. In fact, we show how any multivariate Gaussian distribution on a finite set of points with a positive-definite covariance matrix can be written as either a CAR or a SAR model. We illustrate how to obtain any number of SAR covariance matrices from a single CAR covariance matrix by using Givens rotation matrices on a simulated example. We also discuss sparseness in the original CAR construction, and for the resulting SAR weights matrix. For a real example, we use crime data in 49 neighborhoods from Columbus, Ohio, and show that a geostatistical model optimizes the likelihood much better than typical first-order CAR models. We then use the implied weights from the geostatistical model to estimate CAR model parameters that provides the best overall optimization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1016/j.spasta.2018.04.006","usgsCitation":"Hoef, J.M., Hanksb, E.M., and Hooten, M., 2019, On the relationship between conditional (CAR) and simultaneous (SAR) autoregressive models: Spatial Statistics, v. 25, p. 68-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spasta.2018.04.006.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"85","ipdsId":"IP-080788","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1710.07000","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":365775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoef, Jay M. Ver","contributorId":217288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoef","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"M. Ver","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanksb, Ephraim M.","contributorId":217289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanksb","given":"Ephraim","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24698,"text":"PSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":766519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70203498,"text":"70203498 - 2019 - Status of the threatened Chiricahua Leopard Frog and conservation challenges in Sonora, Mexico, with notes on other ranid frogs and non-native predators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-20T08:21:55","indexId":"70203498","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-30T14:53:09","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of the threatened Chiricahua Leopard Frog and conservation challenges in Sonora, Mexico, with notes on other ranid frogs and non-native predators","docAbstract":"In North America, ranid frogs (Ranidae) have experienced larger declines than any other amphibian family, particularly species native to the southwestern USA and adjacent Mexico; however, our knowledge of their conservation status and threats is limited in Mexico. We assessed the status of the federally listed as threatened (USA) Chiricahua Leopard Frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis) in Sonora, Mexico, based on a search of museum specimens, published records, unpublished accounts, and surveys from 2000–2016 of 84 sites within the geographical and elevational range of the species. We also provide information on occurrence of three other native ranid frog species encountered opportunistically during our surveys. The Chiricahua Leopard Frog is known in Sonora from only 20 historical (pre-2000) localities. Searches of three historical sites did not reveal any Chiricahua Leopard Frogs; however, we found it at three previously undocumented sites in 2016, all near Cananea. To our knowledge, these records are the first observations of Chiricahua Leopard Frogs in Sonora since 1998. Differences in conservation status between the USA and Sonora are likely due to differing magnitude and distribution of threats and a comparatively aggressive recovery program in the USA. For example, key non-native predators important in the decline of the Chiricahua Leopard Frog are much less widespread in Sonora compared to the southwestern USA, but there are fewer protections and recovery actions for the frog in Sonora than in the USA. Additional surveys for the Chiricahua Leopard Frog and other amphibians in Sonora should be a priority to fully assess threats and conservation status.
","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"James C. Rorabaugh, Hossack, B.R., Muths, E.L., Sigafus, B.H., and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, 2019, Status of the threatened Chiricahua Leopard Frog and conservation challenges in Sonora, Mexico, with notes on other ranid frogs and non-native predators: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 13, no. 1, p. 17-32.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"32","ipdsId":"IP-088488","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":363988,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol13_issue1.html"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Sonora","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.8515625,\n 31.886886525780806\n ],\n [\n -113.69750976562499,\n 31.531726144517158\n ],\n [\n -112.96142578125,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -110.87402343749999,\n 27.68352808378776\n ],\n [\n -106.54541015624999,\n 27.68352808378776\n ],\n [\n -106.468505859375,\n 31.765537409484374\n ],\n [\n -108.226318359375,\n 31.784216884487385\n ],\n [\n -108.18237304687499,\n 31.316101383495624\n ],\n [\n -110.89599609374999,\n 31.316101383495624\n ],\n [\n -112.8515625,\n 31.886886525780806\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James C. Rorabaugh","contributorId":215641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James C. Rorabaugh","affiliations":[{"id":39298,"text":"Retired-P.O. Box 31, Saint David, Arizona 85630, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sigafus, Brent H. 0000-0002-7422-8927 bsigafus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7422-8927","contributorId":4534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigafus","given":"Brent","email":"bsigafus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Julio A. Lemos-Espinal","contributorId":215642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Julio A. Lemos-Espinal","affiliations":[{"id":39299,"text":"UBIPRO, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala,Tlalnepantla, Estado de México 54090, México","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70196720,"text":"70196720 - 2019 - Ethanol and sodium acetate as a preservation method to delay degradation of environmental DNA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T11:29:21","indexId":"70196720","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ethanol and sodium acetate as a preservation method to delay degradation of environmental DNA","docAbstract":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) samples that are collected from remote locations depend on rapid stabilization of the DNA. The degradation of eDNA in water samples is minimized when samples are stored at ≤ 4 °C. Developing a preservation technique to maintain eDNA integrity at room temperature would allow a wider range of locations to be sampled. We evaluated an ethanol and sodium acetate solution to maintain the integrity of the DNA samples for the time between collection and lab testing. For this evaluation, replicate water samples taken from a tank housing Asian carp were placed on ice or held at room temperature. At both temperatures, water samples were left untreated or were preserved with an ethanol and sodium acetate solution (EtOH–NaAc). Every day for 6 days following collection, a subset of the samples was removed from each preservation method and DNA was extracted and nuclear and mitochondrial markers were assayed with qPCR. Results showed comparable persistence of DNA between iced samples without the EtOH–NaAc treatment and samples that received EtOH–NaAc treatment that were kept at room temperature. We found that DNA can be amplified from preserved samples using an EtOH–NaAc solution after up to 7 days at room temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12686-017-0955-2","usgsCitation":"Ladell, B.A., Walleser, L.R., McCalla, S.G., Erickson, R.A., and Amberg, J., 2019, Ethanol and sodium acetate as a preservation method to delay degradation of environmental DNA: Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 11, no. 1, p. 83-88, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-017-0955-2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"88","ipdsId":"IP-076291","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7FB527Z","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Ethanol and sodium acetate as a preservation method to delay degradation of environmental DNA: Data"},{"id":353748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6cde4b0da30c1bfbe30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ladell, Bridget A. 0000-0002-0902-1559","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0902-1559","contributorId":203215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladell","given":"Bridget","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walleser, Liza R.","contributorId":204477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walleser","given":"Liza","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCalla, S. Grace 0000-0003-4292-8694 smccalla@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4292-8694","contributorId":168436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCalla","given":"S.","email":"smccalla@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Grace","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amberg, Jon 0000-0002-8351-4861 jamberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-4861","contributorId":149785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70196684,"text":"70196684 - 2019 - Lethal and sublethal responses of native mussels (Unionidae: Lampsilis siliquoidea and Lampsilis higginsii) to elevated carbon dioxide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-28T09:39:37","indexId":"70196684","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Lethal and sublethal responses of native mussels (Unionidae: Lampsilis siliquoidea and Lampsilis higginsii) to elevated carbon dioxide","title":"Lethal and sublethal responses of native mussels (Unionidae: Lampsilis siliquoidea and Lampsilis higginsii) to elevated carbon dioxide","docAbstract":"Levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) that have been proposed for aquatic invasive species control (24 000 – 96 000 μatm partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2); 1 atm = 101.325 kPa) were tested on two juvenile mussels, the fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and the US federally endangered Higgins’ eye (Lampsilis higginsii). A suite of responses (survival, growth, behavior, and gene expression) were measured after 28 days of exposure to CO2 and 14 days postexposure. The 28-day LC20(concentration lethal to 20% of organisms) was lower for L. higginsii (31 800 μatm PCO2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 15 000 – 42 800 μatm) than for L. siliquoidea (58 200 μatm PCO2, 95% CI 45 200 – 68 100 μatm). Treatment-related reductions occurred in all measures of growth and condition. Expression of chitin synthase, key for shell formation, was downregulated at 28 days of exposure. Carbon dioxide caused narcotization and movement to the substrate surface of mussels, behaviors that could increase mortality by predation and displacement. We conclude that survival and growth of juvenile mussels could be reduced by continuous exposure to elevated CO2, but recovery may be possible with shorter-duration exposure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2017-0543","usgsCitation":"Waller, D.L., Bartsch, M.R., Bartsch, L., and Jackson, C., 2019, Lethal and sublethal responses of native mussels (Unionidae: Lampsilis siliquoidea and Lampsilis higginsii) to elevated carbon dioxide: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 76, no. 2, p. 238-248, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0543.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"238","endPage":"248","ipdsId":"IP-090987","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/90787","text":"External Repository"},{"id":353685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6d1e4b0da30c1bfbe5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Diane L. 0000-0002-6104-810X dwaller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-810X","contributorId":5272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Diane","email":"dwaller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartsch, Michelle R. 0000-0002-9571-5564 mbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-5564","contributorId":149359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Michelle","email":"mbartsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartsch, Lynn A. 0000-0002-1483-4845 lbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-4845","contributorId":149360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Lynn A.","email":"lbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackson, Craig 0000-0003-4023-0276 cjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4023-0276","contributorId":192276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Craig","email":"cjackson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196649,"text":"70196649 - 2019 - Spatial, road geometric, and biotic factors associated with Barn Owl mortality along an interstate highway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-28T09:54:21","indexId":"70196649","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial, road geometric, and biotic factors associated with Barn Owl mortality along an interstate highway","docAbstract":"Highway programs typically focus on reducing vehicle collisions with large mammals because of economic or safety reasons while overlooking the millions of birds that die annually from traffic. We studied wildlife‐vehicle collisions along an interstate highway in southern Idaho, USA, with among the highest reported rates of American Barn Owl Tyto furcata road mortality. Carcass data from systematic and ad hoc surveys conducted in 2004–2006 and 2013–2015 were used to explore the extent to which spatial, road geometric, and biotic factors explained Barn Owl‐vehicle collisions. Barn Owls outnumbered all other identified vertebrate species of roadkill and represented > 25% of individuals and 73.6% of road‐killed birds. At a 1‐km highway segment scale, the number of dead Barn Owls decreased with increasing numbers of human structures, cumulative length of secondary roads near the highway, and width of the highway median. Number of dead Barn Owls increased with higher commercial average annual daily traffic (CAADT), small mammal abundance index, and with grass rather than shrubs in the roadside verge. The small mammal abundance index was also greater in roadsides with grass versus mixed shrubs, suggesting that Barn Owls may be attracted to grassy portions of the highway with more abundant small mammals for hunting prey. When assessed at a 3‐km highway segment scale, the number of dead Barn Owls again increased with higher CAADT as well as with greater numbers of dairy farms. At a 5‐km scale, number of dead Barn Owls increased with greater percentage of cropland near the highway. While human conversion of the environment from natural shrub‐steppe to irrigated agriculture in this region of Idaho has likely enhanced habitat for Barns Owls, it simultaneously has increased risk for owl‐vehicle collisions where an interstate highway traverses the altered landscape. We review some approaches for highway mitigation and suggest that reducing wildlife‐vehicle collisions involving Barn Owls may contribute to the persistence of this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ibi.12593","usgsCitation":"Arnold, E.M., Hanser, S.E., Regan, T., Thompson, J., Lowe, M., Kociolek, A., and Belthoff, J.R., 2019, Spatial, road geometric, and biotic factors associated with Barn Owl mortality along an interstate highway: Ibis, v. 161, no. 1, p. 147-161, https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12593.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"161","ipdsId":"IP-084873","costCenters":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.290283203125,\n 42.51665075361143\n ],\n [\n -112.4285888671875,\n 42.51665075361143\n ],\n [\n -112.4285888671875,\n 43.60823944964323\n ],\n [\n -116.290283203125,\n 43.60823944964323\n ],\n [\n -116.290283203125,\n 42.51665075361143\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"161","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6d2e4b0da30c1bfbe6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, Erin M.","contributorId":204412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanser, Steve E. 0000-0002-4430-2073 shanser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-2073","contributorId":152523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanser","given":"Steve","email":"shanser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Regan, Tempe","contributorId":204413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regan","given":"Tempe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Jeremy","contributorId":204414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Jeremy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowe, Melinda","contributorId":204415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Melinda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kociolek, Angela","contributorId":104796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kociolek","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Belthoff, James R. 0000-0002-6051-2353","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6051-2353","contributorId":190592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belthoff","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70196639,"text":"70196639 - 2019 - Joint 3-D tomographic imaging of Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs and hypocenter relocation at Sinabung volcano, Indonesia from November to December 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-09T08:27:37","indexId":"70196639","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Joint 3-D tomographic imaging of Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs and hypocenter relocation at Sinabung volcano, Indonesia from November to December 2013","docAbstract":"We conducted travel time tomography using P- and S-wave arrival times of volcanic-tectonic (VT) events that occurred between November and December 2013 to determine the three-dimensional (3D) seismic velocity structure (Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs) beneath Sinabung volcano, Indonesia in order to delineate geological subsurface structure and to enhance our understanding of the volcanism itself. This was a time period when phreatic explosions became phreatomagmatic and then magma migrated to the surface forming a summit lava dome. We used 4846 VT events with 16,138 P- and 16,138 S-wave arrival time phases recorded by 6 stations for the tomographic inversion. The relocated VTs collapse into three clusters at depths from the surface to sea level, from 2 to 4 km below sea level, and from 5 to 8.5 km below sea level. The tomographic inversion results show three prominent regions of high Vp/Vs (~ 1.8) beneath Sinabung volcano at depths consistent with the relocated earthquake clusters. We interpret these anomalies as intrusives associated with previous eruptions and possibly surrounding the magma conduit, which we cannot resolve with this study. One anomalous region might contain partial melt, at sea level and below the eventual eruption site at the summit. Our results are important for the interpretation of a conceptual model of the “plumbing system” of this hazardous volcano.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.09.018","usgsCitation":"Nugraha, A.D., Indrastuti, N., Kusnandar, R., Gunawan, H., McCausland, W.A., Aulia, A.N., and Harlianti, U., 2019, Joint 3-D tomographic imaging of Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs and hypocenter relocation at Sinabung volcano, Indonesia from November to December 2013: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 382, p. 210-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.09.018.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"210","endPage":"223","ipdsId":"IP-084224","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.09.018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","otherGeospatial":"Sinabung Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 98.3167,\n 3.1\n ],\n [\n 98.5,\n 3.1\n ],\n [\n 98.5,\n 3.3\n ],\n [\n 98.3167,\n 3.3\n ],\n [\n 98.3167,\n 3.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"382","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6d3e4b0da30c1bfbe70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nugraha, Andri Dian","contributorId":202043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nugraha","given":"Andri","email":"","middleInitial":"Dian","affiliations":[{"id":36333,"text":"Institut Teknologi Bandung","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Indrastuti, Novianti","contributorId":204389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Indrastuti","given":"Novianti","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36928,"text":"Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Bandung, Indonesia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kusnandar, Ridwan","contributorId":204390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kusnandar","given":"Ridwan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36929,"text":"Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency, Denpasar, Indonesia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gunawan, Hendra","contributorId":194977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunawan","given":"Hendra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCausland, Wendy A. 0000-0002-8683-1440","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-1440","contributorId":204380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCausland","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aulia, Atin Nur","contributorId":204391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aulia","given":"Atin","email":"","middleInitial":"Nur","affiliations":[{"id":36930,"text":"Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harlianti, Ulvienin","contributorId":204392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harlianti","given":"Ulvienin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36930,"text":"Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}