{"pageNumber":"790","pageRowStart":"19725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46706,"records":[{"id":70036927,"text":"70036927 - 2009 - Strontium isotope record of seasonal scale variations in sediment sources and accumulation in low-energy, subtidal areas of the lower Hudson River estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:59","indexId":"70036927","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium isotope record of seasonal scale variations in sediment sources and accumulation in low-energy, subtidal areas of the lower Hudson River estuary","docAbstract":"Strontium isotope (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr) profiles in sediment cores collected from two subtidal harbor slips in the lower Hudson River estuary in October 2001 exhibit regular patterns of variability with depth. Using additional evidence from sediment Ca/Sr ratios, <sup>137</sup>Cs activity and Al, carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>), and organic carbon (OC<sub>sed</sub>) concentration profiles, it can be shown that the observed variability reflects differences in the relative input and trapping of fine-grained sediment from seaward sources vs. landward sources linked to seasonal-scale changes in freshwater flow. During high flow conditions, the geochemical data indicate that most of the fine-grained sediments trapped in the estuary are newly eroded basin materials. During lower (base) flow conditions, a higher fraction of mature materials from seaward sources with higher carbonate content is trapped in the lower estuary. Results show that high-resolution, multi-geochemical tracer approaches utilizing strontium isotope ratios (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr) can distinguish sediment sources and constrain seasonal scale variations in sediment trapping and accumulation in dynamic estuarine environments. Low-energy, subtidal areas such as those in this study are important sinks for metastable, short-to-medium time scale sediment accumulation. These results also show that these same areas can serve as natural recorders of physical, chemical, and biological processes that affect particle and particle-associated material dynamics over seasonal-to-yearly time scales. ?? 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.03.026","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., Bullen, T., Brabander, D., and Olsen, C., 2009, Strontium isotope record of seasonal scale variations in sediment sources and accumulation in low-energy, subtidal areas of the lower Hudson River estuary: Chemical Geology, v. 264, no. 1-4, p. 375-384, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.03.026.","startPage":"375","endPage":"384","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217802,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.03.026"},{"id":245774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"264","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9baee4b08c986b31d020","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J.P.","contributorId":54276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brabander, D.J.","contributorId":24600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabander","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olsen, C.R.","contributorId":26442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036940,"text":"70036940 - 2009 - Landbird migration in the American West: Recent progress and future research directions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:50:20","indexId":"70036940","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landbird migration in the American West: Recent progress and future research directions","docAbstract":"Our knowledge of avian behaviors during the nonbreeding period still lags behind that of the breeding season, but the last decade has witnessed a proliferation in research that has yielded significant progress in understanding migration patterns of North American birds. And, although historically the great majority of migration research has been conducted in the eastern half of the continent, there has been much recent progress on aspects of avian migration in the West. In particular, expanded use of techniques such as radar, plasma metabolites, mist-netting, count surveys, stable isotopes, genetic data, and animal tracking, coupled with an increase in multi-investigator collaborations, have all contributed to this growth of knowledge. There is increasing recognition that migration is likely the most limiting time of year for migratory birds, increasing the importance of continuing to decipher patterns of stopover ecology, identifying critical stopover habitats, and documenting migration routes in the diverse and changing landscapes of the American West. Here, we review and briefly synthesize the latest findings and advances in avian migration and consider research needs to guide future research on migration in the West. ?? 2009 by The Cooper Ornithological Society. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1525/cond.2009.080096","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, J., Skagen, S., Kus, B., van Riper, C., Paxton, K., and Kelly, J., 2009, Landbird migration in the American West: Recent progress and future research directions: The Condor, v. 111, no. 2, p. 211-225, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080096.","startPage":"211","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476146,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080096","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217549,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080096"},{"id":245502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43c2e4b0c8380cd665c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, J.D.","contributorId":16221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skagen, S. K. 0000-0002-6744-1244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":31348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kus, B.E.","contributorId":99492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paxton, K.L.","contributorId":78547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelly, J.F.","contributorId":96234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036942,"text":"70036942 - 2009 - Measurement of soil carbon oxidation state and oxidative ratio by <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036942","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of soil carbon oxidation state and oxidative ratio by <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance","docAbstract":"The oxidative ratio (OR) of the net ecosystem carbon balance is the ratio of net O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes resulting from photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and other lateral and vertical carbon flows. The OR of the terrestrial biosphere must be well characterized to accurately estimate the terrestrial CO<sub>2</sub> sink using atmospheric measurements of changing O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> levels. To estimate the OR of the terrestrial biosphere, measurements are needed of changes in the OR of aboveground and belowground carbon pools associated with decadal timescale disturbances (e.g., land use change and fire). The OR of aboveground pools can be measured using conventional approaches including elemental analysis. However, measuring the OR of soil carbon pools is technically challenging, and few soil OR data are available. In this paper we test three solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques for measuring soil OR, all based on measurements of the closely related parameter, organic carbon oxidation state (C<sub>ox</sub>). Two of the three techniques make use of a molecular mixing model which converts NMR spectra into concentrations of a standard suite of biological molecules of known C <sub>ox</sub>. The third technique assigns C<sub>ox</sub> values to each peak in the NMR spectrum. We assess error associated with each technique using pure chemical compounds and plant biomass standards whose C<sub>ox</sub> and OR values can be directly measured by elemental analyses. The most accurate technique, direct polarization solid-state <sup>13</sup>C NMR with the molecular mixing model, agrees with elemental analyses to ??0.036 C<sub>ox</sub> units (??0.009 OR units). Using this technique, we show a large natural variability in soil C<sub>ox</sub> and OR values. Soil C<sub>ox</sub> values have a mean of -0.26 and a range from -0.45 to 0.30, corresponding to OR values of 1.08 ?? 0.06 and a range from 0.96 to 1.22. We also estimate the OR of the carbon flux from a boreal forest fire. Analysis of soils from nearby intact soil profiles imply that soil carbon losses associated with the fire had an OR of 1.09<sub>1</sub> (??0.00<sub>3</sub>). Fire appears to be a major factor driving the soil C pool to higher oxidation states and lower OR values. Episodic fluxes caused by disturbances like fire may have substantially different ORs from ecosystem respiration fluxes and therefore should be better quantified to reduce uncertainties associated with our understanding of the global atmospheric carbon budget. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JG000803","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hockaday, W., Masiello, C., Randerson, J.T., Smernik, R., Baldock, J., Chadwick, O., and Harden, J., 2009, Measurement of soil carbon oxidation state and oxidative ratio by <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 114, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000803.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476144,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jg000803","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217579,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000803"}],"volume":"114","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5317e4b0c8380cd6c87c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hockaday, W.C.","contributorId":30075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hockaday","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masiello, C.A.","contributorId":83715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masiello","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Randerson, J. T.","contributorId":41181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randerson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smernik, R.J.","contributorId":97351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smernik","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baldock, J.A.","contributorId":34752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldock","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chadwick, O.A.","contributorId":15219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chadwick","given":"O.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036943,"text":"70036943 - 2009 - Hydrologic and biogeochemical controls of river subsurface solutes under agriculturally enhanced ground water flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:59:54","indexId":"70036943","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic and biogeochemical controls of river subsurface solutes under agriculturally enhanced ground water flow","docAbstract":"<p><span>The relative influences of hydrologic processes and biogeochemistry on the transport and retention of minor solutes were compared in the riverbed of the lower Merced River (California, USA). The subsurface of this reach receives ground water discharge and surface water infiltration due to an altered hydraulic setting resulting from agricultural irrigation. Filtered ground water samples were collected from 30 drive point locations in March, June, and October 2004. Hydrologic processes, described previously, were verified by observations of bromine concentrations; manganese was used to indicate redox conditions. The separate responses of the minor solutes strontium, barium, uranium, and phosphorus to these influences were examined. Correlation and principal component analyses indicate that hydrologic processes dominate the distribution of trace elements in the ground water. Redox conditions appear to be independent of hydrologic processes and account for most of the remaining data variability. With some variability, major processes are consistent in two sampling transects separated by 100 m.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2008.0448","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Wildman, R., Domagalski, J.L., and Hering, J.G., 2009, Hydrologic and biogeochemical controls of river subsurface solutes under agriculturally enhanced ground water flow: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 38, no. 5, p. 1830-1840, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0448.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1830","endPage":"1840","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487881,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/158267","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0448"}],"volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a353ae4b0c8380cd5fd87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildman, R.A. Jr.","contributorId":17856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildman","given":"R.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hering, J. G.","contributorId":12647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hering","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036957,"text":"70036957 - 2009 - Cacades: A reliable dissemination protocol for data collection sensor network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036957","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Cacades: A reliable dissemination protocol for data collection sensor network","docAbstract":"In this paper, we propose a fast and reliable data dissemination protocol Cascades to disseminate data from the sink(base station) to all or a subset of nodes in a data collection sensor network. Cascades makes use of the parentmonitor-children analogy to ensure reliable dissemination. Each node monitors whether or not its children have received the broadcast messages through snooping children's rebroadcasts or waiting for explicit ACKs. If a node detects a gap in its message sequences, it can fetch the missing messages from its neighbours reactively. Cascades also considers many practical issues for field deployment, such as dynamic topology, link/node failure, etc.. It therefore guarantees that a disseminated message from the sink will reach all intended receivers and the dissemination is terminated in a short time period. Notice that, all existing dissemination protocols either do not guarantee reliability or do not terminate [1, 2], which does not meet the requirement of real-time command control. We conducted experiment evaluations in both TOSSIM simulator and a sensor network testbed to compare Cascades with those existing dissemination protocols in TinyOS sensor networks, which show that Cascades achieves a higher degree of reliability, lower communication cost, and less delivery delay. ??2009 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference","conferenceDate":"7 March 2009 through 14 March 2009","conferenceLocation":"Big Sky, MT","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2009.4839495","issn":"1095323X","isbn":"9781424426225","usgsCitation":"Peng, Y., Song, W., Huang, R., Xu, M., Shirazi, B., LaHusen, R., and Pei, G., 2009, Cacades: A reliable dissemination protocol for data collection sensor network, <i>in</i> IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, Big Sky, MT, 7 March 2009 through 14 March 2009, https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2009.4839495.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217805,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2009.4839495"},{"id":245777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2e9e4b0c8380cd4b49e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peng, Y.","contributorId":78970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Song, W.","contributorId":64067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huang, R.","contributorId":88578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, M.","contributorId":11441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shirazi, B.","contributorId":78162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirazi","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LaHusen, R.","contributorId":7446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pei, G.","contributorId":14671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pei","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036964,"text":"70036964 - 2009 - Evolutionary dynamics of Newcastle disease virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T18:18:29.596387","indexId":"70036964","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3696,"text":"Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolutionary dynamics of Newcastle disease virus","docAbstract":"A comprehensive dataset of NDV genome sequences was evaluated using bioinformatics to characterize the evolutionary forces affecting NDV genomes. Despite evidence of recombination in most genes, only one event in the fusion gene of genotype V viruses produced evolutionarily viable progenies. The codon-associated rate of change for the six NDV proteins revealed that the highest rate of change occurred at the fusion protein. All proteins were under strong purifying (negative) selection; the fusion protein displayed the highest number of amino acids under positive selection. Regardless of the phylogenetic grouping or the level of virulence, the cleavage site motif was highly conserved implying that mutations at this site that result in changes of virulence may not be favored. The coding sequence of the fusion gene and the genomes of viruses from wild birds displayed higher yearly rates of change in virulent viruses than in viruses of low virulence, suggesting that an increase in virulence may accelerate the rate of NDV evolution. ?? 2009 Elsevier Inc.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.033","issn":"00426822","usgsCitation":"Miller, P., Kim, L., Ip, H., and Afonso, C., 2009, Evolutionary dynamics of Newcastle disease virus: Virology, v. 391, no. 1, p. 64-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.033.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-013621","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476295,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217520,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.033"}],"volume":"391","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d90e4b0c8380cd530b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, P.J.","contributorId":81345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, L.M.","contributorId":74990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ip, Hon S. 0000-0003-4844-7533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":15829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"Hon S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Afonso, C.L.","contributorId":42066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afonso","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036966,"text":"70036966 - 2009 - Estimating avian population size using Bowden's estimator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T12:29:12","indexId":"70036966","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating avian population size using Bowden's estimator","docAbstract":"<p><span>Avian researchers often uniquely mark birds, and multiple estimators could be used to estimate population size using individually identified birds. However, most estimators of population size require that all sightings of marked birds be uniquely identified, and many assume homogeneous detection probabilities. Bowden's estimator can incorporate sightings of marked birds that are not uniquely identified and relax assumptions required of other estimators. I used computer simulation to evaluate the performance of Bowden's estimator for situations likely to be encountered in bird studies. When the assumptions of the estimator were met, abundance and variance estimates and confidence-interval coverage were accurate. However, precision was poor for small population sizes (N &lt; 50) unless a large percentage of the population was marked (&gt;75%) and multiple (≥8) sighting surveys were conducted. If additional birds are marked after sighting surveys begin, it is important to initially mark a large proportion of the population (</span><i>p<sub>m</sub> </i><span>≥ 0.5 if </span><i>N</i><span> ≤ 100 or </span><i>p<sub>m</sub> </i><span>&gt; 0.1 if </span><i>N</i><span> ≥ 250) and minimize sightings in which birds are not uniquely identified; otherwise, most population estimates will be overestimated by &gt;10%. Bowden's estimator can be useful for avian studies because birds can be resighted multiple times during a single survey, not all sightings of marked birds have to uniquely identify individuals, detection probabilities among birds can vary, and the complete study area does not have to be surveyed. I provide computer code for use with pilot data to design mark-resight surveys to meet desired precision for abundance estimates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2009.08041","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Diefenbach, D., 2009, Estimating avian population size using Bowden's estimator: The Auk, v. 126, no. 1, p. 211-217, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.08041.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"217","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476145,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.08041","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b0ce4b0c8380cd52537","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":106592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036967,"text":"70036967 - 2009 - Estimating 3D variation in active-layer thickness beneath arctic streams using ground-penetrating radar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036967","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating 3D variation in active-layer thickness beneath arctic streams using ground-penetrating radar","docAbstract":"We acquired three-dimensional (3D) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data across three stream sites on the North Slope, AK, in August 2005, to investigate the dependence of thaw depth on channel morphology. Data were migrated with mean velocities derived from multi-offset GPR profiles collected across a stream section within each of the 3D survey areas. GPR data interpretations from the alluvial-lined stream site illustrate greater thaw depths beneath riffle and gravel bar features relative to neighboring pool features. The peat-lined stream sites indicate the opposite; greater thaw depths beneath pools and shallower thaw beneath the connecting runs. Results provide detailed 3D geometry of active-layer thaw depths that can support hydrological studies seeking to quantify transport and biogeochemical processes that occur within the hyporheic zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.05.011","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Brosten, T., Bradford, J., McNamara, J.P., Gooseff, M., Zarnetske, J., Bowden, W., and Johnston, M., 2009, Estimating 3D variation in active-layer thickness beneath arctic streams using ground-penetrating radar: Journal of Hydrology, v. 373, no. 3-4, p. 479-486, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.05.011.","startPage":"479","endPage":"486","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217551,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.05.011"},{"id":245504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"373","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0afbe4b0c8380cd524ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brosten, T.R.","contributorId":35985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosten","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, J.H.","contributorId":22606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNamara, J. P.","contributorId":105551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNamara","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gooseff, M.N.","contributorId":21668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zarnetske, J.P.","contributorId":11032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarnetske","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bowden, W.B.","contributorId":83237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowden","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnston, M.E.","contributorId":92081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036969,"text":"70036969 - 2009 - Intercomparison, interpretation, and assessment of spring phenology in North America estimated from remote sensing for 1982-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T10:40:05","indexId":"70036969","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intercomparison, interpretation, and assessment of spring phenology in North America estimated from remote sensing for 1982-2006","docAbstract":"<p><span>Shifts in the timing of spring phenology are a central feature of global change research. Long-term observations of plant phenology have been used to track vegetation responses to climate variability but are often limited to particular species and locations and may not represent synoptic patterns. Satellite remote sensing is instead used for continental to global monitoring. Although numerous methods exist to extract phenological timing, in particular start-of-spring (SOS), from time series of reflectance data, a comprehensive intercomparison and interpretation of SOS methods has not been conducted. Here, we assess 10 SOS methods for North America between 1982 and 2006. The techniques include consistent inputs from the 8&nbsp;km Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer NDVIg dataset, independent data for snow cover, soil thaw, lake ice dynamics, spring streamflow timing, over 16&nbsp;000 individual measurements of ground-based phenology, and two temperature-driven models of spring phenology. Compared with an ensemble of the 10 SOS methods, we found that individual methods differed in average day-of-year estimates by ±60 days and in standard deviation by ±20 days. The ability of the satellite methods to retrieve SOS estimates was highest in northern latitudes and lowest in arid, tropical, and Mediterranean ecoregions. The ordinal rank of SOS methods varied geographically, as did the relationships between SOS estimates and the cryospheric/hydrologic metrics. Compared with ground observations, SOS estimates were more related to the first leaf and first flowers expanding phenological stages. We found no evidence for time trends in spring arrival from ground- or model-based data; using an ensemble estimate from two methods that were more closely related to ground observations than other methods, SOS trends could be detected for only 12% of North America and were divided between trends towards both earlier and later spring.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01910.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"White, M., de Beurs, K., Didan, K., Inouye, D., Richardson, A., Jensen, O., O'Keefe, J., Zhang, G., Nemani, R., van, L.W., Brown, J.F., de Wit, A., Schaepman, M., Lin, X., Dettinger, M., Bailey, A., Kimball, J., Schwartz, M., Baldocchi, D.D., Lee, J., and Lauenroth, W., 2009, Intercomparison, interpretation, and assessment of spring phenology in North America estimated from remote sensing for 1982-2006: Global Change Biology, v. 15, no. 10, p. 2335-2359, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01910.x.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"2335","endPage":"2359","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501067,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/intercomparison-interpretation-and-assessment-of-spring-phenology","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217581,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01910.x"}],"volume":"15","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cf1e4b0c8380cd63189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, M.A.","contributorId":8312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Beurs, K. M.","contributorId":28839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Beurs","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Didan, K.","contributorId":25356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Didan","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Inouye, D.W.","contributorId":53136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Inouye","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richardson, A.D.","contributorId":10629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jensen, O.P.","contributorId":15865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"O.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O'Keefe, J.","contributorId":65698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Keefe","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhang, G.","contributorId":12636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nemani, R.R.","contributorId":51133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemani","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"van, Leeuwen W.J.D. W.J.D.","contributorId":54826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van","given":"Leeuwen","suffix":"W.J.D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"de Wit, A.","contributorId":25390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Wit","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Schaepman, M.","contributorId":24527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaepman","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Lin, X.","contributorId":99805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Dettinger, M. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":78909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Bailey, A.S.","contributorId":97352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Kimball, J.","contributorId":75786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Schwartz, M.D.","contributorId":83468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Baldocchi, D. D.","contributorId":99709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baldocchi","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Lee, J.T.","contributorId":59659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Lauenroth, W.K.","contributorId":59755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"W.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}}
,{"id":70036971,"text":"70036971 - 2009 - New evidence for a magmatic influence on the origin of Valles Marineris, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:33:21","indexId":"70036971","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New evidence for a magmatic influence on the origin of Valles Marineris, Mars","docAbstract":"In this paper, we show that the complex geological evolution of Valles Marineris, Mars, has been highly influenced by the manifestation of magmatism (e.g., possible plume activity). This is based on a diversity of evidence, reported here, for the central part, Melas Chasma, and nearby regions, including uplift, loss of huge volumes of material, flexure, volcanism, and possible hydrothermal and endogenic-induced outflow channel activity. Observations include: (1) the identification of a new > 50??km-diameter caldera/vent-like feature on the southwest flank of Melas, which is spatially associated with a previously identified center of tectonic activity using Viking data; (2) a prominent topographic rise at the central part of Valles Marineris, which includes Melas Chasma, interpreted to mark an uplift, consistent with faults that are radial and concentric about it; (3) HiRISE-identified landforms along the floor of the southeast part of Melas Chasma that are interpreted to reveal a volcanic field; (4) CRISM identification of sulfate-rich outcrops, which could be indicative of hydrothermal deposits; (5) GRS K/Th signature interpreted as water-magma interactions and/or variations in rock composition; and (6) geophysical evidence that may indicate partial compensation of the canyon and/or higher density intrusives beneath it. Long-term magma, tectonic, and water interactions (Late Noachian into the Amazonian), albeit intermittent, point to an elevated life potential, and thus Valles Marineris is considered a prime target for future life detection missions. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.11.029","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Dohm, J.M., Williams, J., Anderson, R.C., Ruiz, J., McGuire, P., Komatsu, G., Davila, A., Ferris, J., Schulze-Makuch, D., Baker, V., Boynton, W.V., Fairen, A., Hare, T., Miyamoto, H., Tanaka, K.L., and Wheelock, S., 2009, New evidence for a magmatic influence on the origin of Valles Marineris, Mars: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 185, no. 1-2, p. 12-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.11.029.","startPage":"12","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476143,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/10517/1/27-Marte_11.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217609,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.11.029"}],"volume":"185","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6577e4b0c8380cd72bd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dohm, J. M.","contributorId":102150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J.-P.","contributorId":49185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, R. C.","contributorId":9755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruiz, J.","contributorId":88886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGuire, P.C.","contributorId":96521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Komatsu, G.","contributorId":35913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komatsu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Davila, A.F.","contributorId":76575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davila","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ferris, J.C.","contributorId":13731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schulze-Makuch, D.","contributorId":62829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulze-Makuch","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Baker, V.R.","contributorId":47079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Boynton, W. V.","contributorId":44274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boynton","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Fairen, A.G.","contributorId":25335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairen","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Hare, T.M. 0000-0001-8842-389X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":43828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Miyamoto, H.","contributorId":56831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyamoto","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Wheelock, S.J.","contributorId":94523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheelock","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70036972,"text":"70036972 - 2009 - Obtaining parsimonious hydraulic conductivity fields using head and transport observations: A Bayesian geostatistical parameter estimation approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T07:23:32","indexId":"70036972","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Obtaining parsimonious hydraulic conductivity fields using head and transport observations: A Bayesian geostatistical parameter estimation approach","docAbstract":"<p><span>Flow path delineation is a valuable tool for interpreting the subsurface hydrogeochemical environment. Different types of data, such as groundwater flow and transport, inform different aspects of hydrogeologic parameter values (hydraulic conductivity in this case) which, in turn, determine flow paths. This work combines flow and transport information to estimate a unified set of hydrogeologic parameters using the Bayesian geostatistical inverse approach. Parameter flexibility is allowed by using a highly parameterized approach with the level of complexity informed by the data. Despite the effort to adhere to the ideal of minimal a priori structure imposed on the problem, extreme contrasts in parameters can result in the need to censor correlation across hydrostratigraphic bounding surfaces. These partitions segregate parameters into facies associations. With an iterative approach in which partitions are based on inspection of initial estimates, flow path interpretation is progressively refined through the inclusion of more types of data. Head observations, stable oxygen isotopes (</span><sup>18</sup><span>O/</span><sup>16</sup><span>O ratios), and tritium are all used to progressively refine flow path delineation on an isthmus between two lakes in the Trout Lake watershed, northern Wisconsin, United States. Despite allowing significant parameter freedom by estimating many distributed parameter values, a smooth field is obtained.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007431","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., Hunt, R., Krabbenhoft, D., and Clemo, T., 2009, Obtaining parsimonious hydraulic conductivity fields using head and transport observations: A Bayesian geostatistical parameter estimation approach: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 8, W08405; 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007431.","productDescription":"W08405; 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007431","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b0fe4b0c8380cd744cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":105948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, R.","contributorId":101080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D.","contributorId":84106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clemo, T.","contributorId":82952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemo","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036976,"text":"70036976 - 2009 - Weathering of the New Albany Shale, Kentucky, USA: I. Weathering zones defined by mineralogy and major-element composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036976","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weathering of the New Albany Shale, Kentucky, USA: I. Weathering zones defined by mineralogy and major-element composition","docAbstract":"Comprehensive understanding of chemical and mineralogical changes induced by weathering is valuable information when considering the supply of nutrients and toxic elements from rocks. Here minerals that release and fix major elements during progressive weathering of a bed of Devonian New Albany Shale in eastern Kentucky are documented. Samples were collected from unweathered core (parent shale) and across an outcrop excavated into a hillside 40 year prior to sampling. Quantitative X-ray diffraction mineralogical data record progressive shale alteration across the outcrop. Mineral compositional changes reflect subtle alteration processes such as incongruent dissolution and cation exchange. Altered primary minerals include K-feldspars, plagioclase, calcite, pyrite, and chlorite. Secondary minerals include jarosite, gypsum, goethite, amorphous Fe(III) oxides and Fe(II)-Al sulfate salt (efflorescence). The mineralogy in weathered shale defines four weathered intervals on the outcrop-Zones A-C and soil. Alteration of the weakly weathered shale (Zone A) is attributed to the 40-a exposure of the shale. In this zone, pyrite oxidization produces acid that dissolves calcite and attacks chlorite, forming gypsum, jarosite, and minor efflorescent salt. The pre-excavation, active weathering front (Zone B) is where complete pyrite oxidation and alteration of feldspar and organic matter result in increased permeability. Acidic weathering solutions seep through the permeable shale and evaporate on the surface forming abundant efflorescent salt, jarosite and minor goethite. Intensely weathered shale (Zone C) is depleted in feldspars, chlorite, gypsum, jarosite and efflorescent salts, but has retained much of its primary quartz, illite and illite-smectite. Goethite and amorphous FE(III) oxides increase due to hydrolysis of jarosite. Enhanced permeability in this zone is due to a 14% loss of the original mass in parent shale. Denudation rates suggest that characteristics of Zone C were acquired over 1 Ma. Compositional differences between soil and Zone C are largely attributed to illuvial processes, formation of additional Fe(III) oxides and incorporation of modern organic matter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.021","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M., and Breit, G.N., 2009, Weathering of the New Albany Shale, Kentucky, USA: I. Weathering zones defined by mineralogy and major-element composition: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1549-1564, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.021.","startPage":"1549","endPage":"1564","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217725,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.021"},{"id":245686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfb9e4b08c986b32ea80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, M.L.W.","contributorId":11812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"M.L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breit, G. N.","contributorId":94664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036980,"text":"70036980 - 2009 - Climate alters response of an endemic island plant to removal of invasive herbivores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036980","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate alters response of an endemic island plant to removal of invasive herbivores","docAbstract":"Islands experience higher rates of species extinction than mainland ecosystems, with biological invasions among the leading causes; they also serve as important model systems for testing ideas in basic and applied ecology. Invasive removal programs on islands are conservation efforts that can also be viewed as powerful manipulative experiments, but few data are available to evaluate their effects. We collected demographic and herbivore damage data for Castilleja mollis Pennell, an endangered plant endemic to Santa Rosa Island, California, over a 12-year period before, during, and after the implementation of control for introduced cattle, deer, and elk. We used these long-term data to explore mechanisms underlying herbivore effects, assess the results of herbivore reduction at the scales of both individual plants and populations, and determine how temporal variability in herbivory and plant demography influenced responses to herbivore removals. For individual plants, herbivore effects mediated by disturbance were greater than those of grazing. Deer and elk scraping of the ground substantially increased plant mortality and dormancy and reduced flowering and growth. Stem damage from browsing did not affect survivorship but significantly reduced plant growth and flower production. Herbivore control successfully lowered damage rates, which declined steeply between 1997 and 2000 and have remained relatively low. Castilleja mollis abundances rose sharply after 1997, suggesting a positive effect of herbivore control, but then began to decline steadily again after 2003. The recent decline appears to be driven by higher mean growing season temperatures; interestingly, not only reductions in scraping damage but a period of cooler conditions were significant in explaining increases in C. mollis populations between 1997 and 2002. Our results demonstrate strong effects of introduced herbivores on both plant demography and population dynamics and show that climate-driven variation may counteract and mask positive responses to herbivore removal. Regional mean temperatures already have risen significantly over the last 50 years, suggesting that climate change could increasingly swamp the effects of management targeted at other environmental problems. Similar interactions between climate and invasive species will play an even greater role in future management, with long-term data sets like this critical to quantifying such effects. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-1574.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Kathryn, M.A., Thomson, D., and Chess, K., 2009, Climate alters response of an endemic island plant to removal of invasive herbivores: Ecological Applications, v. 19, no. 6, p. 1574-1584, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1574.1.","startPage":"1574","endPage":"1584","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217777,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-1574.1"},{"id":245745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f648e4b0c8380cd4c66a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kathryn, Mceachern A.","contributorId":31233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kathryn","given":"Mceachern","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomson, D.M.","contributorId":104740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chess, K.A.","contributorId":72731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chess","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036981,"text":"70036981 - 2009 - Phylogeny and phylogenetic classification of the antbirds, ovenbirds, woodcreepers, and allies (Aves: Passeriformes: Infraorder Furnariides)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036981","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1242,"text":"Cladistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phylogeny and phylogenetic classification of the antbirds, ovenbirds, woodcreepers, and allies (Aves: Passeriformes: Infraorder Furnariides)","docAbstract":"The infraorder Furnariides is a diverse group of suboscine passerine birds comprising a substantial component of the Neotropical avifauna. The included species encompass a broad array of morphologies and behaviours, making them appealing for evolutionary studies, but the size of the group (ca. 600 species) has limited well-sampled higher-level phylogenetic studies. Using DNA sequence data from the nuclear RAG-1 and RAG-2 exons, we undertook a phylogenetic analysis of the Furnariides sampling 124 (more than 88%) of the genera. Basal relationships among family-level taxa differed depending on phylogenetic method, but all topologies had little nodal support, mirroring the results from earlier studies in which discerning relationships at the base of the radiation was also difficult. In contrast, branch support for family-rank taxa and for many relationships within those clades was generally high. Our results support the Melanopareidae and Grallariidae as distinct from the Rhinocryptidae and Formicariidae, respectively. Within the Furnariides our data contradict some recent phylogenetic hypotheses and suggest that further study is needed to resolve these discrepancies. Of the few genera represented by multiple species, several were not monophyletic, indicating that additional systematic work remains within furnariine families and must include dense taxon sampling. We use this study as a basis for proposing a new phylogenetic classification for the group and in the process erect new family-group names for clades having high branch support across methods. ?? 2009 The Willi Hennig Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cladistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00259.x","issn":"07483007","usgsCitation":"Moyle, R., Chesser, R., Brumfield, R., Tello, J., Marchese, D., and Cracraft, J., 2009, Phylogeny and phylogenetic classification of the antbirds, ovenbirds, woodcreepers, and allies (Aves: Passeriformes: Infraorder Furnariides): Cladistics, v. 25, no. 4, p. 386-405, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00259.x.","startPage":"386","endPage":"405","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476244,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00259.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217778,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00259.x"},{"id":245746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a55e4b0c8380cd78e6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moyle, R.G.","contributorId":94016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyle","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chesser, R.T. 0000-0003-4389-7092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7092","contributorId":34616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumfield, R.T.","contributorId":24882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumfield","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tello, J.G.","contributorId":11859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tello","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marchese, D.J.","contributorId":106733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marchese","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cracraft, J.","contributorId":56768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cracraft","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036994,"text":"70036994 - 2009 - Continental-scale patterns in soil geochemistry and mineralogy: results from two transects across the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-22T10:26:56","indexId":"70036994","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continental-scale patterns in soil geochemistry and mineralogy: results from two transects across the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"In 2004, the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) initiated a pilot study that involved collection of more than 1500 soil samples from 221 sites along two continental transects across Canada and the United States. The pilot study was designed to test and refine protocols for a soil geochemical survey of North America. The two transects crossed a wide array of soil parent materials, soil ages, climatic conditions, landforms, land covers and land uses. Sample sites were selected randomly at approximately 40-km intervals from a population defined as all soils of the continent. At each site, soils representing 0 to 5 cm depth, and the O, A, and C horizons, if present, were collected and analyzed for their near-total content of over 40 major and trace elements. Soils from 0–5 cm depth were also collected for analysis of organic compounds. Results from the transects confirm that soil samples collected at a 40-km spacing reveal coherent, continental- to subcontinental-scale geochemical and mineralogical patterns that can be correlated to aspects of underlying soil parent material, soil age and climate influence. The geochemical data also demonstrate that at the continental-scale the dominance of any of these major factors that control soil geochemistry can change across the landscape. Along both transects, soil mineralogy and geochemistry change abruptly with changes in soil parent materials. However, the chemical influence of a soil’s parent material can be obscured by changing climatic conditions. For the transects, increasing precipitation from west to east and increasing temperature from north to south affect both soil mineralogy and geochemistry because of climate effects on soil weathering and leaching, and plant productivity. Regional anomalous metal concentrations can be linked to natural variations in soil parent materials, such as high Ni and Cr in soils developed on ultramafic rocks in California or high P in soils formed on weathered Ordovician limestones in central Kentucky. On local scales, anomalous metal concentrations recognized in soil profiles, such as high P in soils from animal confinement sites, are consistent with local anthropogenic disturbances. At a larger scale, the distribution of Hg across the west to east transect demonstrates that it can be difficult to distinguish between natural or anthropogenic contributions and that many factors can contribute to an element’s spatial distribution.\n\nOnly three samples in a subset of seventy-three 0–5 cm depth soil samples from the north to south transect had organochlorine pesticides values above the method detection limit, apparently related to historic usage of the pesticides DDT and dieldrin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.009","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L.G., Cannon, W., Eberl, D.D., Smith, D.B., Kilburn, J., Horton, J., Garrett, R.G., and Klassen, R., 2009, Continental-scale patterns in soil geochemistry and mineralogy: results from two transects across the United States and Canada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1369-1381, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.009.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1369","endPage":"1381","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217522,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.009"},{"id":245475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States;Canada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,83.1 ], [ -52.6,83.1 ], [ -52.6,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa51e4b0c8380cd4da45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodruff, L. G.","contributorId":46999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kilburn, J.E.","contributorId":42205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Horton, J.D. 0000-0003-2969-9073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":85710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Garrett, R. G.","contributorId":93929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Klassen, R.A.","contributorId":60803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klassen","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036995,"text":"70036995 - 2009 - San Andreas fault geometry at Desert Hot Springs, California, and its effects on earthquake hazards and groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036995","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"San Andreas fault geometry at Desert Hot Springs, California, and its effects on earthquake hazards and groundwater","docAbstract":"The Mission Creek and Banning faults are two of the principal strands of the San Andreas fault zone in the northern Coachella Valley of southern California. Structural characteristics of the faults affect both regional earthquake hazards and local groundwater resources. We use seismic, gravity, and geological data to characterize the San Andreas fault zone in the vicinity of Desert Hot Springs. Seismic images of the upper 500 m of the Mission Creek fault at Desert Hot Springs show multiple fault strands distributed over a 500 m wide zone, with concentrated faulting within a central 200 m wide area of the fault zone. High-velocity (up to 5000 m=sec) rocks on the northeast side of the fault are juxtaposed against a low-velocity (<2000 m=sec) basin on the southwest side within the upper few hundred meters. Near-surface strands of the Mission Creek fault dip steeply southwestward and northeastward and merge at depth to form a narrower, steeply southwestward-dipping or near-vertical (80?? to 90??) fault zone. The Banning fault, in contrast, dips northeastward (45?? to 70??) toward the Mission Creek fault, and the two faults likely merge into a single San Andreas fault zone at depth, indicating a transtensional fault system. Mainshock hypocenters for two of the historically largest (M >6.0) earthquakes in the area (in 1948 and 1986) occurred at or near the depths (~10 to 12 km) of the merged (San Andreas) fault. Large-magnitude earthquakes that nucleate at or below the merged fault will likely generate strong shaking from guided waves along both fault zones and from amplified seismic waves in the low-velocity basin between the two fault zones. The Mission Creek fault zone is a groundwater barrier with the top of the water table varying by 60 m in depth and the aquifer varying by about 50 m in thickness across a 200 m wide zone of concentrated faulting.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080117","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., Rymer, M.J., Goldman, M.R., and Gandhok, G., 2009, San Andreas fault geometry at Desert Hot Springs, California, and its effects on earthquake hazards and groundwater: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 4, p. 2190-2207, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080117.","startPage":"2190","endPage":"2207","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217552,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080117"},{"id":245505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab09ce4b0c8380cd87bd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, R. D.","contributorId":98738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rymer, M. J.","contributorId":90694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, M. R.","contributorId":106934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gandhok, G.","contributorId":47423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gandhok","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036996,"text":"70036996 - 2009 - Evidence for an Alleghanian (Early Carboniferous to Late Permian) tectonothermal event in the New Jersey Coastal Plain basement from <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar biotite data, geochemistry and gravity modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70036996","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2304,"text":"Journal of Geodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for an Alleghanian (Early Carboniferous to Late Permian) tectonothermal event in the New Jersey Coastal Plain basement from <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar biotite data, geochemistry and gravity modeling","docAbstract":"<sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar dating of biotite from felsic orthogneiss recovered from the -3890-foot level of the Island Beach State Park (IBSP) well beneath the outer New Jersey Coastal Plain was accomplished using CO<sub>2</sub> laser incremental-heating techniques. Over 75% of the Ar released from the incremental-heating experiment form a well-behaved plateau with a calculated age of 243.98 ?? 0.10 Ma. The new 244 Ma biotite age reported here is a cooling age younger than the metamorphic event that crystallized or reheated the biotite. We consider reheating of older biotite to be unlikely because the concordant <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar spectrum upon repeated incremental laser heating showed a well-developed plateau. Thus, biotites from the IBSP gneiss are interpreted as having crystallized during a single thermal event, followed by cooling to below 300 ??C. The IBSP well falls on a structural and geophysical anomaly trend that is along strike with rocks of the Bronson Hill anticlinorium to the north of the IBSP gneiss. Locally graphitic metasedimentary schists and gneisses recovered from New Jersey wells inboard of the IBSP well gneiss correlate to similar lithologies of the Connecticut Valley synclinorium west of the Hartford basin. Our reinterpretation of the IBSP gneiss as metamorphosed dacite or dacitic tuff is consistent with a correlation to some rocks of the Bronson Hill magmatic arc east of the Hartford basin. If correct, this would imply a Late Ordovician age for the protolith of the IBSP gneiss. Reported <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar biotite ages of 235-253 Ma from southwestern Rhode Island, and of 238-247 Ma from southeastern Connecticut, are interpreted as cooling ages following a tectonothermal event associated with the Alleghanian orogeny (Early Carboniferous to Late Permian). Cooling ages of Alleghanian age (Early Carboniferous to Late Permian) are not recognized west of the Bronson Hill volcanic arc in either central Connecticut or in Massachusetts. Therefore, the 244 Ma cooling age presented here, and the geochemical affinity of the IBSP gneiss to some orthogneisses of the Bronson Hill arc, support an interpretation of the IBSP well as representing the southern continuation of the Bronson Hill arc into New Jersey. Moreover, it documents the presence of rocks beneath the outer New Jersey Coastal Plain that experienced a Permian Alleghanian metamorphism. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geodynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jog.2009.05.001","issn":"02643707","usgsCitation":"Maguire, T., Volkert, R., Swisher, C.C., and Sheridan, R.E., 2009, Evidence for an Alleghanian (Early Carboniferous to Late Permian) tectonothermal event in the New Jersey Coastal Plain basement from <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar biotite data, geochemistry and gravity modeling: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 48, no. 1, p. 23-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2009.05.001.","startPage":"23","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217553,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2009.05.001"},{"id":245506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d34e4b0c8380cd52e93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maguire, T.J.","contributorId":82512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maguire","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Volkert, R.A.","contributorId":90799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volkert","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swisher, C. C. III","contributorId":39139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swisher","given":"C.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sheridan, R. E.","contributorId":36681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036997,"text":"70036997 - 2009 - High-quality unsaturated zone hydraulic property data for hydrologic applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-08T07:47:51","indexId":"70036997","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-quality unsaturated zone hydraulic property data for hydrologic applications","docAbstract":"In hydrologic studies, especially those using dynamic unsaturated zone moisture modeling, calculations based on property transfer models informed by hydraulic property databases are often used in lieu of measured data from the site of interest. Reliance on database-informed predicted values has become increasingly common with the use of neural networks. High-quality data are needed for databases used in this way and for theoretical and property transfer model development and testing. Hydraulic properties predicted on the basis of existing databases may be adequate in some applications but not others. An obvious problem occurs when the available database has few or no data for samples that are closely related to the medium of interest. The data set presented in this paper includes saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, water retention, particle-size distributions, and bulk properties. All samples are minimally disturbed, all measurements were performed using the same state of the art techniques and the environments represented are diverse.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007497","usgsCitation":"Perkins, K., and Nimmo, J.R., 2009, High-quality unsaturated zone hydraulic property data for hydrologic applications: Water Resources Research, v. 45, no. 7, W07417; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007497.","productDescription":"W07417; 9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476139,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007497","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30f8e4b0c8380cd5dafb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, Kimberlie 0000-0001-8349-447X kperkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":138544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kimberlie","email":"kperkins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036999,"text":"70036999 - 2009 - A method to assess longitudinal riverine connectivity in tropical streams dominated by migratory biota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70036999","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method to assess longitudinal riverine connectivity in tropical streams dominated by migratory biota","docAbstract":"1. One way in which dams affect ecosystem function is by altering the distribution and abundance of aquatic species. 2. Previous studies indicate that migratory shrimps have significant effects on ecosystem processes in Puerto Rican streams, but are vulnerable to impediments to upstream or downstream passage, such as dams and associated water intakes where stream water is withdrawn for human water supplies. Ecological effects of dams and water withdrawals from streams depend on spatial context and temporal variability of flow in relation to the amount of water withdrawn. 3. This paper presents a conceptual model for estimating the probability that an individual shrimp is able to migrate from a stream's headwaters to the estuary as a larva, and then return to the headwaters as a juvenile, given a set of dams and water withdrawals in the stream network. The model is applied to flow and withdrawal data for a set of dams and water withdrawals in the Caribbean National Forest (CNF) in Puerto Rico. 4. The index of longitudinal riverine connectivity (ILRC), is used to classify 17 water intakes in streams draining the CNF as having low, moderate, or high connectivity in terms of shrimp migration in both directions. An in-depth comparison of two streams showed that the stream characterized by higher water withdrawal had low connectivity, even during wet periods. Severity of effects is illustrated by a drought year, where the most downstream intake caused 100% larval shrimp mortality 78% of the year. 5. The ranking system provided by the index can be used as a tool for conservation ecologists and water resource managers to evaluate the relative vulnerability of migratory biota in streams, across different scales (reach-network), to seasonally low flows and extended drought. This information can be used to help evaluate the environmental tradeoffs of future water withdrawals. ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/aqc.1025","issn":"10527613","usgsCitation":"Crook, K., Pringle, C.M., and Freeman, M.C., 2009, A method to assess longitudinal riverine connectivity in tropical streams dominated by migratory biota: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, v. 19, no. 6, p. 714-723, https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.1025.","startPage":"714","endPage":"723","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217154,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.1025"},{"id":245075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e45fe4b0c8380cd465f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crook, K.E.","contributorId":19410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crook","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pringle, C. M.","contributorId":72902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pringle","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037004,"text":"70037004 - 2009 - Moderate rates of late Quaternary slip along the northwestern margin of the Basin and Range Province, Surprise Valley fault, northeastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-01T09:59:34","indexId":"70037004","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moderate rates of late Quaternary slip along the northwestern margin of the Basin and Range Province, Surprise Valley fault, northeastern California","docAbstract":"The 86-km-long Surprise Valley normal fault forms part of the active northwestern margin of the Basin and Range province in northeastern California. We use trench mapping and radiocarbon, luminescence, and tephra dating to estimate displacements and timing of the past five surface-rupturing earthquakes on the central part of the fault near Cedarville. A Bayesian OxCal analysis of timing constraints indicates earthquake times of 18.2 &plusmn; 2.6, 10.9 &plusmn; 3.2, 8.5 &plusmn; 0.5, 5.8 &plusmn; 1.5, and 1.2 &plusmn; 0.1 ka. These data yield recurrence intervals of 7.3 &plusmn; 4.1, 2.5 &plusmn; 3.2, 2.7 &plusmn; 1.6, and 4.5 &plusmn; 1.5 ka and an elapsed time of 1.2 &plusmn; 0.1 ka since the latest surface-rupturing earthquake. Our best estimate of latest Quaternary vertical slip rate is 0.6 ?? 0.1 mm/a. This late Quaternary rate is remarkably similar to long-term (8-14 Ma) minimum vertical slip rates (>0.4-0.5 &plusmn; 0.3 mm/a) calculated from recently acquired seismic reflection and chronologic and structural data in Surprise Valley and the adjacent Warner Mountains. However, our slip rate yields estimates of extension that are lower than recent campaign GPS determinations by factors of 1.5-4 unless the fault has an unusually shallow (30&deg;-35&deg;) dip as suggested by recently acquired seismic reflection data. Coseismic displacements of 2-4.5 &plusmn; 1 m documented in the trench and probable rupture lengths of 53-65 km indicate a history of latest Quaternary earthquakes of <i>M</i> 6.8-7.3 on the central part of the. Surprise Valley fault.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1029/2008JB006164","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Personius, S.F., Crone, A.J., Machette, M., Mahan, S., and Lidke, D.J., 2009, Moderate rates of late Quaternary slip along the northwestern margin of the Basin and Range Province, Surprise Valley fault, northeastern California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 9, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006164.","productDescription":"17 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476226,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb006164","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217212,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006164"},{"id":245139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Surprise Valley Fault","volume":"114","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c83e4b0c8380cd6fd5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Personius, Stephen F. personius@usgs.gov","contributorId":1214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"Stephen","email":"personius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crone, Anthony J. 0000-0002-3006-406X crone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-406X","contributorId":790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Anthony","email":"crone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Machette, Michael N.","contributorId":28963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lidke, David J. 0000-0003-4668-1617 dlidke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-1617","contributorId":1211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidke","given":"David","email":"dlidke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037007,"text":"70037007 - 2009 - Influence of trees in the landscape on parasitism rates of grassland passerine nests in Southeastern North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T17:28:21.209061","indexId":"70037007","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of trees in the landscape on parasitism rates of grassland passerine nests in Southeastern North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>Woody vegetation has been linked to increased rates of Brown-headed Cowbird (<i>Molothrus ater</i>) parasitism for some grassland hosts. In northern North Dakota, however, studies reported that parasitism of grassland passerine nests was lower in landscapes with trees than in those without trees. We looked for evidence of this pattern elsewhere, using data from two studies conducted on the Sheyenne National Grassland in southeastern North Dakota. Specifically, we examined the probability of parasitism relative to percent tree cover within 2 km of a nest. We found a negative relationship for grassland passerine nests of all species tested. Our results support the suggestion that cowbirds are less likely to parasitize nests of grassland passerines where tree cover on the landscape is greater. This pattern could be explained by cowbirds switching to alternative hosts in woodlands, but this hypothesis needs further testing.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1525/cond.2009.080012","usgsCitation":"Pietz, P.J., Buhl, D.A., Shaffer, J.A., Winter, M., and Johnson, D.H., 2009, Influence of trees in the landscape on parasitism rates of grassland passerine nests in Southeastern North Dakota: Condor, v. 111, no. 1, p. 36-42, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080012.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"42","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476301,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2009.080012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b93e4b0c8380cd6266e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pietz, Pamela J. 0000-0003-4606-044X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4606-044X","contributorId":286892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhl, Deborah A. 0000-0002-8563-5990 dbuhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-5990","contributorId":146226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Deborah","email":"dbuhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaffer, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708 jshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":3184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Jill","email":"jshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winter, Maiken","contributorId":174790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winter","given":"Maiken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037008,"text":"70037008 - 2009 - LANDFIRE: A nationally consistent vegetation, wildland fire, and fuel assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T11:09:10","indexId":"70037008","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"LANDFIRE: A nationally consistent vegetation, wildland fire, and fuel assessment","docAbstract":"<p><span>LANDFIRE is a 5-year, multipartner project producing consistent and comprehensive maps and data describing vegetation, wildland fuel, fire regimes and ecological departure from historical conditions across the United States. It is a shared project between the wildland fire management and research and development programs of the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service and US Department of the Interior. LANDFIRE meets agency and partner needs for comprehensive, integrated data to support landscape-level fire management planning and prioritization, community and firefighter protection, effective resource allocation, and collaboration between agencies and the public. The LANDFIRE data production framework is interdisciplinary, science-based and fully repeatable, and integrates many geospatial technologies including biophysical gradient analyses, remote sensing, vegetation modelling, ecological simulation, and landscape disturbance and successional modelling. LANDFIRE data products are created as 30-m raster grids and are available over the internet at </span><a href=\"http://www.landfire.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.landfire.gov/\">www.landfire.gov</a><span>, accessed 22 April 2009. The data products are produced at scales that may be useful for prioritizing and planning individual hazardous fuel reduction and ecosystem restoration projects; however, the applicability of data products varies by location and specific use, and products may need to be adjusted by local users.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","doi":"10.1071/WF08088","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Rollins, M.G., 2009, LANDFIRE: A nationally consistent vegetation, wildland fire, and fuel assessment: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 18, no. 3, p. 235-249, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF08088.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217271,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF08088"},{"id":245204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40d8e4b0c8380cd650b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rollins, Matthew G.","contributorId":54695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rollins","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70037010,"text":"70037010 - 2009 - Examining the influence of heterogeneous porosity fields on conservative solute transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037010","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examining the influence of heterogeneous porosity fields on conservative solute transport","docAbstract":"It is widely recognized that groundwater flow and solute transport in natural media are largely controlled by heterogeneities. In the last three decades, many studies have examined the effects of heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity fields on flow and transport processes, but there has been much less attention to the influence of heterogeneous porosity fields. In this study, we use porosity and particle size measurements from boreholes at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site (BHRS) to evaluate the importance of characterizing the spatial structure of porosity and grain size data for solute transport modeling. Then we develop synthetic hydraulic conductivity fields based on relatively simple measurements of porosity from borehole logs and grain size distributions from core samples to examine and compare the characteristics of tracer transport through these fields with and without inclusion of porosity heterogeneity. In particular, we develop horizontal 2D realizations based on data from one of the less heterogeneous units at the BHRS to examine effects where spatial variations in hydraulic parameters are not large. The results indicate that the distributions of porosity and the derived hydraulic conductivity in the study unit resemble fractal normal and lognormal fields respectively. We numerically simulate solute transport in stochastic fields and find that spatial variations in porosity have significant effects on the spread of an injected tracer plume including a significant delay in simulated tracer concentration histories.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.06.001","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Hu, B., Meerschaert, M., Barrash, W., Hyndman, D., He, C., Li, X., and Guo, L., 2009, Examining the influence of heterogeneous porosity fields on conservative solute transport: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 108, no. 3-4, p. 77-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.06.001.","startPage":"77","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217330,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.06.001"},{"id":245270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d9de4b0c8380cd530f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hu, B.X.","contributorId":17838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"B.X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meerschaert, M.M.","contributorId":66516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meerschaert","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrash, W.","contributorId":96520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrash","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hyndman, D.W.","contributorId":83318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"He, C.","contributorId":76951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, X.","contributorId":67635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Guo, Laodong","contributorId":70401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Laodong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70037012,"text":"70037012 - 2009 - Tectonic evolution of the Salton Sea inferred from seismic reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037012","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic evolution of the Salton Sea inferred from seismic reflection data","docAbstract":"Oblique extension across strike-slip faults causes subsidence and leads to the formation of pull-apart basins such as the Salton Sea in southern California. The formation of these basins has generally been studied using laboratory experiments or numerical models. Here we combine seismic reflection data and geological observations from the Salton Sea to understand the evolution of this nascent pull-apart basin. Our data reveal the presence of a northeast-trending hinge zone that separates the sea into northern and southern sub-basins. Differential subsidence (10 mm yr 1) in the southern sub-basin suggests the existence of northwest-dipping basin-bounding faults near the southern shoreline, which may control the spatial distribution of young volcanism. Rotated and truncated strata north of the hinge zone suggest that the onset of extension associated with this pull-apart basin began after 0.5 million years ago. We suggest that slip is partitioned spatially and temporally into vertical and horizontal domains in the Salton Sea. In contrast to previous models based on historical seismicity patterns, the rapid subsidence and fault architecture that we document in the southern part of the sea are consistent with experimental models for pull-apart basins. ?? 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/ngeo590","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Brothers, D., Driscoll, N.W., Kent, G., Harding, A., Babcock, J., and Baskin, R.L., 2009, Tectonic evolution of the Salton Sea inferred from seismic reflection data: Nature Geoscience, v. 2, no. 8, p. 581-584, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo590.","startPage":"581","endPage":"584","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217357,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo590"},{"id":245301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba461e4b08c986b3202c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brothers, D.S.","contributorId":76953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, N. W.","contributorId":41093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kent, G.M.","contributorId":34729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harding, A.J.","contributorId":59658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Babcock, J.M.","contributorId":50739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babcock","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baskin, R. L.","contributorId":14460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037036,"text":"70037036 - 2009 - Foods and nutritional components of diets of black bear in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037036","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foods and nutritional components of diets of black bear in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado","docAbstract":"We used scat analysis to determine diets and relative nutritional values of diets for black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780) in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, from 2003 to 2006, and compared foods consumed and nutritional components to identify important sources of fecal gross energy (GE), crude fat (CF), and fecal nitrogen (FN) in annual and seasonal diets. Patterns of use of food classes followed typical seasonal patterns for bears, although use of animal matter was among the highest reported (>49% annually). Use of animal matter increased after spring, although crude protein levels in bear diets were always >25%. GE was typically lowest for grasses and other herbaceous plants and highest for ants and ungulates; FN was strongly positively related to most animal sources, but negatively correlated with vegetative matter; and CF showed the strongest positive relationship with ungulates and berries, with the latter likely influenced by the presence of seeds. Compared with historic data (1984-1991), contemporary diets included substantially greater prevalence of anthropogenic foods, which likely contributed to increases in size, condition, and productivity of the contemporary bear population. Management strategies are needed to increase quantity and quality of natural foods while minimizing dependence on anthropogenic sources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/Z09-088","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, R., and Bender, L.C., 2009, Foods and nutritional components of diets of black bear in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 87, no. 11, p. 1000-1008, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z09-088.","startPage":"1000","endPage":"1008","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217302,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Z09-088"}],"volume":"87","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12ece4b0c8380cd5444b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, R.A.","contributorId":100206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bender, Louis C.","contributorId":72509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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