{"pageNumber":"790","pageRowStart":"19725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68924,"records":[{"id":70202938,"text":"70202938 - 2010 - Development of a three-dimensional model of sedimentary texture in valley-fill deposits of Central Valley, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-05T15:22:21","indexId":"70202938","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-01T15:22:11","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a three-dimensional model of sedimentary texture in valley-fill deposits of Central Valley, California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>A three-dimensional (3D) texture model was developed to help characterize the aquifer system of Central Valley, California (USA), for a groundwater flow model. The 52,000-km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;Central Valley aquifer system consists of heterogeneous valley-fill deposits. The texture model was developed by compiling and analyzing approximately 8,500 drillers’ logs, describing lithologies up to 950&nbsp;m below land surface. The lithologic descriptions on the logs were simplified into a binary classification of coarse- and fine-grained. The percentage of coarse-grained sediment, or texture, was then computed for each 15-m depth interval. The model was developed by 3D kriging of the percentage of coarse-grained deposits onto a 1.6-km spatial grid at 15-m depth intervals from land surface down to 700&nbsp;m below land surface. The texture model reflects the known regional, spatial, and vertical heterogeneity in the aquifer system. The texture model correlates to sediment source areas, independently mapped geomorphic provinces, and factors affecting the development of alluvial fans, thus demonstrating the utility of using tcdrillers’ logs as a source of lithologic information. The texture model is upscaled to a layered groundwater flow model for use in defining the hydraulic properties of the aquifer system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-009-0539-7","usgsCitation":"Faunt, C., Belitz, K., and Hanson, R.T., 2010, Development of a three-dimensional model of sedimentary texture in valley-fill deposits of Central Valley, California, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 18, no. 3, p. 625-649, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-009-0539-7.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"625","endPage":"649","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.057861328125,\n              34.88593094075317\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.54248046874999,\n              34.88593094075317\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.54248046874999,\n              40.70562793820589\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.057861328125,\n              40.70562793820589\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.057861328125,\n              34.88593094075317\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faunt, Claudia C. 0000-0001-5659-7529 ccfaunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":150147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"Claudia C.","email":"ccfaunt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70200398,"text":"70200398 - 2010 - Depth-dependent sampling to identify short-circuit pathways to public-supply wells in multiple aquifer settings in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T14:18:58","indexId":"70200398","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-01T14:18:43","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depth-dependent sampling to identify short-circuit pathways to public-supply wells in multiple aquifer settings in the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Depth-dependent water-quality and borehole flow data were used to determine where and how contamination enters public-supply wells (PSWs) at study sites in different principal aquifers of the United States. At each of three study sites, depth-dependent samples and wellbore flow data were collected from multiple depths in selected PSWs under pumping conditions. The chemistry of these depth-dependent samples, along with samples of the surface discharge from the PSWs, was compared to that of adjacent nested monitoring wells. The results of depth-dependent analyses from sites in Modesto (California), York (Nebraska), and Tampa (Florida) are summarized and compared. Although the exact mechanisms for transport of contaminants to the PSWs varied among these hydrogeologic settings, in all three settings the presence of wells or boreholes or natural preferential flow paths allowed water and contaminants to bypass substantial portions of the aquifer and to reach PSWs or depths in the aquifer more quickly than would have occurred in the absence of these short-circuiting flow paths. The chemistry and flow data from multiple depths was essential to developing an understanding of the dominant flow paths of contaminants to PSW in all three settings. This knowledge contributes to developing effective strategies for monitoring and protection.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-009-0531-2","usgsCitation":"Landon, M.K., Jurgens, B.C., Katz, B.G., Eberts, S.M., Burow, K.R., and Crandall, C.A., 2010, Depth-dependent sampling to identify short-circuit pathways to public-supply wells in multiple aquifer settings in the United States: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 18, no. 3, p. 577-593, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-009-0531-2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"593","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c715e4b034bf6a7f50b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X bjurgens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":127842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant","email":"bjurgens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katz, Brian G. bkatz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","email":"bkatz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":748721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. 0000-0001-5138-8293 smeberts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5138-8293","contributorId":127844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crandall, Christy A. crandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandall","given":"Christy","email":"crandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":748724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70199496,"text":"70199496 - 2010 - Optimal pump and recharge management model for nitrate removal in the Warren groundwater basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T13:18:44","indexId":"70199496","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-01T13:17:38","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimal pump and recharge management model for nitrate removal in the Warren groundwater basin, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The town of Yucca Valley located in the southwest part of the Mojave Desert in southern California relies on groundwater pumping from the Warren groundwater basin as its sole source of water supply. This significant dependency has resulted in a large imbalance between groundwater pumpage and natural recharge, causing groundwater levels in the basin to decline more than 90 m from the late 1940s to 1994. Consequently, an artificial recharge program proposed by the Hi-Desert Water District, which provides water service to the town of Yucca Valley, was implemented for the purpose of recovering the groundwater levels; however, the rise in groundwater levels has caused nitrate&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>NO</mtext></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mo\">(</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mtext\">NO</span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mn\">3</span></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"mo\">)</span></span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">(NO3)</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;concentration to increase simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to develop an optimal pump and recharge strategy for a planned conjunctive-use project to remove the high-nitrate concentration while maintaining groundwater levels at desired elevations at specified locations as well as meeting water demand. An optimization/management model is formulated with a linear objective function and nonlinear constraints. The response matrix approach is used to link the optimization model with the simulation model. Because of nonlinearity, the response matrix is updated and iteration is required for convergence. A systematic scheme is also developed for finding a feasible initial policy. Three different scenarios are considered in the management model. The results obtained from each scenario are analyzed and discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000034","usgsCitation":"Chiu, Y., Nishikawa, T., and Yeh, W.W., 2010, Optimal pump and recharge management model for nitrate removal in the Warren groundwater basin, California: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 136, no. 3, p. 299-308, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000034.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"308","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Warren groundwater basin","volume":"136","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c715e4b034bf6a7f50bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiu, Yung-Chia","contributorId":103134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiu","given":"Yung-Chia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yeh, William W.-G.","contributorId":89344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yeh","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.-G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70200011,"text":"70200011 - 2010 - Evaluating the behavior of gadolinium and other rare earth elements through large metropolitan sewage treatment plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T13:58:55.984265","indexId":"70200011","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-01T12:53:41","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the behavior of gadolinium and other rare earth elements through large metropolitan sewage treatment plants","docAbstract":"<p><span>A primary pathway for emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals, personal care products, steroids, and hormones) to enter aquatic ecosystems is effluent from sewage treatment plants (STP), and identifying technologies to minimize the amount of these contaminants released is important. Quantifying the flux of these contaminants through STPs is difficult. This study evaluates the behavior of gadolinium, a rare earth element (REE) utilized as a contrasting agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), through four full-scale metropolitan STPs that utilize several biosolids thickening, conditioning, stabilization, and dewatering processing technologies. The organically complexed Gd from MRIs has been shown to be stable in aquatic systems and has the potential to be utilized as a conservative tracer in STP operations to compare to an emerging contaminant of interest. Influent and effluent waters display large enrichments in Gd compared to other REEs. In contrast, most sludge samples from the STPs do not display Gd enrichments, including primary sludges and end-product sludges. The excess Gd appears to remain in the liquid phase throughout the STP operations, but detailed quantification of the input Gd load and residence times of various STP operations is needed to utilize Gd as a conservative tracer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es903888t","usgsCitation":"Verplanck, P.L., Furlong, E.T., Gray, J.L., Phillips, P.J., Wolf, R.E., and Esposito, K., 2010, Evaluating the behavior of gadolinium and other rare earth elements through large metropolitan sewage treatment plants: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 10, p. 3876-3882, https://doi.org/10.1021/es903888t.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3876","endPage":"3882","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c715e4b034bf6a7f50c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Patrick J. 0000-0001-5915-2015 pjphilli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5915-2015","contributorId":172757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Patrick","email":"pjphilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolf, Ruth E. rwolf@usgs.gov","contributorId":903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Ruth","email":"rwolf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Esposito, Kathleen","contributorId":21835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esposito","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70199968,"text":"70199968 - 2010 - Evaluating remediation alternatives for mine drainage, Little Cottonwood Creek, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T10:13:00","indexId":"70199968","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-01T10:12:36","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1534,"text":"Environmental Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating remediation alternatives for mine drainage, Little Cottonwood Creek, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The vast occurrence of mine drainage worldwide, documented in descriptive studies, presents a staggering challenge for remediation. Any tool that can move beyond descriptive study and helps to evaluate options for remediation in a way that maximizes improvements to the water quality of streams and minimizes cost of remediation could save valuable resources and time. A reactive solute transport model, calibrated from two detailed mass-loading studies in Little Cottonwood Creek (LCC), Utah, provides a tool to evaluate remediation options. Metal loading to LCC is dominated by discharge from two mine drainage tunnels. Discharge from an upstream tunnel has been treated by a fen to reduce metal loading. Discharge from the downstream tunnel (WDT) can be controlled because of a bulkhead that creates a mine pool. Simulations of remedial options for three compliance locations suggest that the water-quality standards for Cu and Zn at upstream and downstream compliance locations are met using various combinations of fen treatment and WDT regulation, but the complete compliance at the middle compliance location requires the highest level of fen treatment and the greatest regulation of WDT discharge. Reactive transport modeling is an useful tool for the evaluation of remedial alternatives in complex natural systems, where multiple hydrologic and geochemical processes determine metal fate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","doi":"10.1007/s12665-009-0240-0","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., and Runkel, R.L., 2010, Evaluating remediation alternatives for mine drainage, Little Cottonwood Creek, Utah, USA: Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 60, no. 5, p. 1021-1036, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0240-0.","productDescription":"16p.","startPage":"1021","endPage":"1036","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358196,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Little Cottonwood Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.9451904296875,\n              40.55085246740427\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.9451904296875,\n              40.6504293761137\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.76391601562499,\n              40.6504293761137\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.76391601562499,\n              40.55085246740427\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.9451904296875,\n              40.55085246740427\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c716e4b034bf6a7f50cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044293,"text":"70044293 - 2010 - Fluvial processes and vegetation - Glimpses of the past, the present, and perhaps the future.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-27T08:01:24","indexId":"70044293","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluvial processes and vegetation - Glimpses of the past, the present, and perhaps the future.","docAbstract":"\"Most research before 1960 into interactions among fluvial processes, resulting landforms, and vegetation was descriptive. Since then, however, research has become more detailed and quantitative permitting numerical modeling and applications including agricultural-erosion abatement and rehabilitation of altered\nbottomlands. Although progress was largely observational, the empiricism increasingly yielded to objective recognition of how vegetation interacts with and influences geomorphic process. A review of advances relating fluvial processes and vegetation during the last 50 years centers on hydrologic reconstructions from\ntree rings, plant indicators of flow- and flood-frequency parameters, hydrologic controls on plant species, regulation of sediment movement by vegetation, vegetative controls on mass movement, and relations between plant cover and sediment movement. Extension of present studies of vegetation as a regulator of bottomland hydrologic and geomorphic processes may become markedly more sophisticated and widespread than at present. Research emphases that are\nlikely to continue include vegetative considerations for erosion modeling, response of riparian-zone forests to disturbance such as dams and water diversion, the effect of vegetation on channel and bottomland dynamics, and rehabilitation of stream corridors. Research topics that presently are receiving attention are the effect of woody vegetation on the roughness of stream corridors and, hence, processes of flood conveyance and flood-plain sedimentation, the development of a theoretical basis for rehabilitation projects as opposed to fully empirical approaches, the effect of invasive plant species on the dynamics of bottomland vegetation, the quantification of below-surface biomass and related soil-stability factors for use in erosion prediction models, and the effect of impoundments on downstream narrowing of channels and accompanying encroachment of vegetation. Bottomland vegetation partially controls and is controlled by fluvial-geomorphic processes. The purposes of this paper are to identify and review investigations that have related vegetation to bottomland features and\nprocesses, to distinguish the present status of these investigations, and to anticipate future research into how hydrologic and fluvial-geomorphic processes of bottomlands interact with vegetation.\"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.11.018","usgsCitation":"Osterkamp, W.R., and Hupp, C.R., 2010, Fluvial processes and vegetation - Glimpses of the past, the present, and perhaps the future.: Geomorphology, v. 116, p. 274-285, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.11.018.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"285","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-013235","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270789,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270788,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.11.018"}],"country":"United States","volume":"116","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516689e3e4b0bba30b388bda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterkamp, Waite R.","contributorId":8505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"Waite","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189232,"text":"70189232 - 2010 - Variability and trends in dry day frequency and dry event length in the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T11:33:03","indexId":"70189232","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability and trends in dry day frequency and dry event length in the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Daily precipitation from 22 National Weather Service first-order weather stations in the southwestern United States for water years 1951 through 2006 are used to examine variability and trends in the frequency of dry days and dry event length. Dry events with minimum thresholds of 10 and 20 consecutive days of precipitation with less than 2.54 mm are analyzed. For water years and cool seasons (October through March), most sites indicate negative trends in dry event length (i.e., dry event durations are becoming shorter). For the warm season (April through September), most sites also indicate negative trends; however, more sites indicate positive trends in dry event length for the warm season than for water years or cool seasons. The larger number of sites indicating positive trends in dry event length during the warm season is due to a series of dry warm seasons near the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. Overall, a large portion of the variability in dry event length is attributable to variability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, especially for water years and cool seasons. Our results are consistent with analyses of trends in discharge for sites in the southwestern United States, an increased frequency in El Niño events, and positive trends in precipitation in the southwestern United States.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2009JD012866","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., Legates, D.R., and Lins, H.F., 2010, Variability and trends in dry day frequency and dry event length in the southwestern United States: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 115, no. D7, Article D07108; 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012866.","productDescription":"Article D07108; 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-014940","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jd012866","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343398,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"D7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c48e4b0d1f9f057e38c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":167116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Legates, David R.","contributorId":194273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Legates","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70155508,"text":"70155508 - 2010 - A comparison of algal, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblage indices for assessing low-level nutrient enrichment in wadeable Ozark streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T15:29:08.442893","indexId":"70155508","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of algal, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblage indices for assessing low-level nutrient enrichment in wadeable Ozark streams","docAbstract":"<p>Biotic indices for algae, macroinvertebrates, and fish assemblages can be effective for monitoring stream enrichment, but little is known regarding the value of the three assemblages for detecting perturbance as a consequence of low-level nutrient enrichment. In the summer of 2006, we collected nutrient and biotic samples from 30 wadeable Ozark streams that spanned a nutrient-concentration gradient from reference to moderately enriched conditions. Seventy-three algal metrics, 62 macroinvertebrate metrics, and 60 fish metrics were evaluated for each of the three biotic indices. After a group of candidate metrics had been identified with multivariate analysis, correlation procedures and scatter plots were used to identify the four metrics having strongest relations to a nutrient index calculated from log transformed and normalized total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations. The four metrics selected for each of the three biotic indices were: algae—the relative abundance of most tolerant diatoms, the combined relative abundance of three species of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Cymbella</i>, mesosaprobic algae percent taxa richness, and the relative abundance of diatoms that are obligate nitrogen heterotrophs; macroinvertebrate—the relative abundance of intolerant organisms, Baetidae relative abundance, moderately tolerant taxa richness, and insect biomass; fish—herbivore and detritivore taxa richness, pool species relative abundance, fish catch per unit effort, and black bass (<i>Micropterus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>spp.) relative abundance.</p><p>All three biotic indices were negatively correlated to nutrient concentrations but the algal index had a higher correlation (rho&nbsp;=&nbsp;−0.89) than did the macroinvertebrate and fish indices (rho&nbsp;=&nbsp;−0.63 and −0.58, respectively). Biotic index scores were lowest and nutrient concentrations were highest for streams with basins having the highest poultry and cattle production. Because of the availability of litter for fertilizer and associated increases in grass and hay production, cattle feeding capacity increases with poultry production. Studies are needed that address the synergistic effect of poultry and cattle production on Ozark streams in high production areas before ecological risks can be adequately addressed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.10.007","usgsCitation":"Justus, B., Petersen, J., Femmer, S.R., Davis, J., and Wallace, J.E., 2010, A comparison of algal, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblage indices for assessing low-level nutrient enrichment in wadeable Ozark streams: Ecological Indicators, v. 10, no. 3, p. 627-638, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.10.007.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"627","endPage":"638","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-006636","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Ozarks","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.68715751122797,\n              35.36705469793361\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.79401845584462,\n              35.97194095099876\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.64201175828644,\n              36.183679007769214\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.0898052014799,\n              36.13079795420306\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.59998003384335,\n              36.055589865284134\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.81370192307662,\n              35.574800228769234\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.06878933925815,\n              34.83686115065606\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.8143681205715,\n              34.62722402550767\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.68715751122797,\n              35.361432508222435\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.68715751122797,\n              35.36705469793361\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfa9e4b08400b1fe13d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Justus, B. G. 0000-0002-3458-9656 bjustus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3458-9656","contributorId":2052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Justus","given":"B. G.","email":"bjustus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Femmer, Suzanne R. sfemmer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Femmer","given":"Suzanne","email":"sfemmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Jerri V. jdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jerri V.","email":"jdavis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallace, J. E.","contributorId":64771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70192988,"text":"70192988 - 2010 - A macroinvertebrate assessment of Ozark streams located in lead-zinc mining areas of the Viburnum Trend in southeastern Missouri, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T15:41:32","indexId":"70192988","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A macroinvertebrate assessment of Ozark streams located in lead-zinc mining areas of the Viburnum Trend in southeastern Missouri, USA","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstr\"><div class=\"\"><p>The Viburnum Trend lead-zinc mining subdistrict is located in the southeast Missouri portion of the Ozark Plateau. In 2003 and 2004, we assessed the ecological effects of mining in several watersheds in the region. We included macroinvertebrate surveys, habitat assessments, and analysis of metals in sediment, pore water, and aquatic biota. Macroinvertebrates were sampled at 21 sites to determine aquatic life impairment status (full, partial, or nonsupport) and relative biotic condition scores. Macroinvertebrate biotic condition scores were significantly correlated with cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc, and specific conductance in 2003 (r = -0.61 to -0.68) and with cadmium, lead, and pore water toxic units in 2004 (r = -0.55 to -0.57). Reference sites were fully supporting of aquatic life and had the lowest metals concentrations and among the highest biotic condition scores in both years. Sites directly downstream from mining and related activities were partially supporting, with biotic condition scores 10% to 58% lower than reference sites. Sites located greater distances downstream from mining activities had intermediate scores and concentrations of metals. Results indicate that elevated concentrations of metals originating from mining activities were the underlying cause of aquatic life impairment in several of the streams studied. There was general concurrence among the adversely affected sites in how the various indicators responded to mining activities during the overall study.</p></div></div><div class=\"aux\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-009-0864-2","usgsCitation":"Poulton, B.C., Allert, A., Besser, J.M., Schmitt, C.J., Brumbaugh, W.G., and Fairchild, J.F., 2010, A macroinvertebrate assessment of Ozark streams located in lead-zinc mining areas of the Viburnum Trend in southeastern Missouri, USA: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 163, no. 1-4, p. 619-641, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0864-2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"641","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-008359","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","volume":"163","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f83a5be4b063d5d3098283","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poulton, Barry C. 0000-0002-7219-4911 bpoulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-4911","contributorId":2421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"Barry","email":"bpoulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allert, Ann L. aallert@usgs.gov","contributorId":494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allert","given":"Ann L.","email":"aallert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":717539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Besser, John M. 0000-0002-9464-2244 jbesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-2244","contributorId":2073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"John","email":"jbesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fairchild, James F. jfairchild@usgs.gov","contributorId":492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"James","email":"jfairchild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":717543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":98353,"text":"sir20095247 - 2010 - Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180886,"text":"70180886 - 2010 - Background and introduction: Chapter 1","indexId":"70180886","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Background and introduction: Chapter 1"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":98353,"text":"sir20095247 - 2010 - Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment","indexId":"sir20095247","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70180887,"text":"70180887 - 2010 - Distribution and abundance of Saltcedar and Russian Olive in the western United States: Chapter 2","indexId":"70180887","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Distribution and abundance of Saltcedar and Russian Olive in the western United States: Chapter 2"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":98353,"text":"sir20095247 - 2010 - Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment","indexId":"sir20095247","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70180888,"text":"70180888 - 2010 - The potential for water savings through the control of saltcedar and Russian olive: Chapter 3","indexId":"70180888","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"The potential for water savings through the control of saltcedar and Russian olive: Chapter 3"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":98353,"text":"sir20095247 - 2010 - Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment","indexId":"sir20095247","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":70180889,"text":"70180889 - 2010 - Saltcedar and Russian olive interactions with wildlife: Chapter 4","indexId":"70180889","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Saltcedar and Russian olive interactions with wildlife: Chapter 4"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":98353,"text":"sir20095247 - 2010 - Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment","indexId":"sir20095247","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment"},"id":4},{"subject":{"id":70180890,"text":"70180890 - 2010 - Restoration and revegetation associated with control of saltcedar and Russian olive: Chapter 7","indexId":"70180890","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Restoration and revegetation associated with control of saltcedar and Russian olive: Chapter 7"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":98353,"text":"sir20095247 - 2010 - Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment","indexId":"sir20095247","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment"},"id":5},{"subject":{"id":70180891,"text":"70180891 - 2010 - Demonstration projects and long-term considerations associated with saltcedar and Russian olive control and riparian restoration: Chapter 8","indexId":"70180891","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Demonstration projects and long-term considerations associated with saltcedar and Russian olive control and riparian restoration: Chapter 8"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":98353,"text":"sir20095247 - 2010 - Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment","indexId":"sir20095247","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment"},"id":6},{"subject":{"id":70180892,"text":"70180892 - 2010 - Saltcedar and Russian olive control demonstration act science assessment [Executive summary]","indexId":"70180892","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Saltcedar and Russian olive control demonstration act science assessment [Executive summary]"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":98353,"text":"sir20095247 - 2010 - Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment","indexId":"sir20095247","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment"},"id":7}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:46","indexId":"sir20095247","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5247","title":"Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment","docAbstract":"The primary intent of this document is to provide the science assessment called for under The Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-320; the Act). A secondary purpose is to provide a common background for applicants for prospective demonstration projects, should funds be appropriated for this second phase of the Act. This document synthesizes the state-of-the-science on the following topics: the distribution and abundance (extent) of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) in the Western United States, potential for water savings associated with controlling saltcedar and Russian olive and the associated restoration of occupied sites, considerations related to wildlife use of saltcedar and Russian olive habitat or restored habitats, methods to control saltcedar and Russian olive, possible utilization of dead biomass following removal of saltcedar and Russian olive, and approaches and challenges associated with revegetation or restoration following control efforts. A concluding chapter discusses possible long-term management strategies, needs for additional study, potentially useful field demonstration projects, and a planning process for on-the-ground projects involving removal of saltcedar and Russian olive.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095247","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the USDA Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Shafroth, P.B., Brown, C.A., and Merritt, D.M., 2010, Saltcedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act Science Assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5247, xviii, 143 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095247.","productDescription":"xviii, 143 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5247.jpg"},{"id":13602,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5247/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6034","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Curtis A.","contributorId":90415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Curtis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merritt, David M.","contributorId":95976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98352,"text":"fs20093110 - 2010 - Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) in the Western United States-A Report on the State of the Science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:46","indexId":"fs20093110","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3110","title":"Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) in the Western United States-A Report on the State of the Science","docAbstract":"The Salt Cedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-320) directs the Department of the Interior to submit a report to Congress that includes an assessment of several issues surrounding these two nonnative trees, now dominant components of the vegetation along many rivers in the Western United States. This report was published in 2010 as a U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report (available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5247). The report was produced through a collaborative effort led by the Bureau of Reclamation and U.S. Geological Survey, with critical contributions from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and from university researchers.\r\n\r\nThe document synthesizes the state of the science and key research needs on the following topics related to management of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) in the Western United States: their distribution and abundance (extent); the potential for water savings associated with controlling these species; considerations related to wildlife use of saltcedar and Russian olive habitat and restored habitats; methods of control and removal; possible utilization of dead biomass following control and removal; and approaches and challenges associated with site revegetation or restoration. A concluding chapter discusses possible long-term management strategies, potentially useful field-demonstration projects, and a planning process for on-the-ground projects involving removal of saltcedar and Russian olive.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093110","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the USDA Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Shafroth, P., 2010, Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) in the Western United States-A Report on the State of the Science: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3110, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093110.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3110.jpg"},{"id":13601,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdeb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick","contributorId":36251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98350,"text":"fs20103003 - 2010 - Flood of April and May 2008 in Northern Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"fs20103003","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3003","title":"Flood of April and May 2008 in Northern Maine","docAbstract":"Severe flooding occurred in Aroostook and Penobscot Counties in northern Maine between April 28 and May 1, 2008, and damage was extensive in the town of Fort Kent. Aroostook County was declared a Federal disaster area on May 9, and the declaration was expanded to include Penobscot County on May 16-qualifying the entire region for federal assistance.\r\n\r\nWater in the St. John River peaked at 30.17 feet in Fort Kent (5 feet above flood stage), hit the low steel of the International Bridge connecting Fort Kent to New Brunswick, caused closure of international bridges in Fort Kent, Van Buren, and Hamlin and came within inches of the top of a 30-foot-high earthen dike constructed to protect the downtown area of Fort Kent. Longterm streamgages with 25 to 84 years of record on the Big Black, St. John, Allagash, Fish, and Aroostook Rivers recorded maximum streamflows for their respective periods of record.\r\n\r\nNorthern Maine experienced major floods in 1923, 1973, 1974, 1979, and 1983 (Maloney and Bartlett, 1991). All of these floods were in late April or early May when heavy rain combined with snowmelt runoff.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Lombard, P., 2010, Flood of April and May 2008 in Northern Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3003, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103003.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3003.jpg"},{"id":13599,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ee1bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lombard, Pamela J. 0000-0002-0983-1906","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-1906","contributorId":23899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98351,"text":"sir20095250 - 2010 - Techniques for Estimating the Magnitude and Frequency of Peak Flows on Small Streams in Minnesota Based on Data through Water Year 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20095250","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5250","title":"Techniques for Estimating the Magnitude and Frequency of Peak Flows on Small Streams in Minnesota Based on Data through Water Year 2005","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the peak flow of floods of a given recurrence interval is essential for regulation and planning of water resources and for design of bridges, culverts, and dams along Minnesota's rivers and streams. Statistical techniques are needed to estimate peak flow at ungaged sites because long-term streamflow records are available at relatively few places. Because of the need to have up-to-date peak-flow frequency information in order to estimate peak flows at ungaged sites, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a peak-flow frequency study in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency.\r\n\r\nEstimates of peak-flow magnitudes for 1.5-, 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence intervals are presented for 330 streamflow-gaging stations in Minnesota and adjacent areas in Iowa and South Dakota based on data through water year 2005. The peak-flow frequency information was subsequently used in regression analyses to develop equations relating peak flows for selected recurrence intervals to various basin and climatic characteristics. Two statistically derived techniques-regional regression equation and region of influence regression-can be used to estimate peak flow on ungaged streams smaller than 3,000 square miles in Minnesota. Regional regression equations were developed for selected recurrence intervals in each of six regions in Minnesota: A (northwestern), B (north central and east central), C (northeastern), D (west central and south central), E (southwestern), and F (southeastern). The regression equations can be used to estimate peak flows at ungaged sites. The region of influence regression technique dynamically selects streamflow-gaging stations with characteristics similar to a site of interest. Thus, the region of influence regression technique allows use of a potentially unique set of gaging stations for estimating peak flow at each site of interest. Two methods of selecting streamflow-gaging stations, similarity and proximity, can be used for the region of influence regression technique.\r\n\r\nThe regional regression equation technique is the preferred technique as an estimate of peak flow in all six regions for ungaged sites. The region of influence regression technique is not appropriate for regions C, E, and F because the interrelations of some characteristics of those regions do not agree with the interrelations throughout the rest of the State. Both the similarity and proximity methods for the region of influence technique can be used in the other regions (A, B, and D) to provide additional estimates of peak flow. The peak-flow-frequency estimates and basin characteristics for selected streamflow-gaging stations and regional peak-flow regression equations are included in this report.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095250","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Lorenz, D.L., Sanocki, C.A., and Kocian, M.J., 2010, Techniques for Estimating the Magnitude and Frequency of Peak Flows on Small Streams in Minnesota Based on Data through Water Year 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5250, iv, 54 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095250.","productDescription":"iv, 54 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5250.jpg"},{"id":13600,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5250/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,43 ], [ -98,50 ], [ -89,50 ], [ -89,43 ], [ -98,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db6860bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanocki, Christopher A. 0000-0001-6714-5421 sanocki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6714-5421","contributorId":3142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanocki","given":"Christopher","email":"sanocki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kocian, Matthew J.","contributorId":19654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kocian","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98349,"text":"sir20105003 - 2010 - Flood of April and May 2008 in Northern Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20105003","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5003","title":"Flood of April and May 2008 in Northern Maine","docAbstract":"Severe flooding occurred in Aroostook and Penobscot Counties in northern Maine between April 28 and May 1, 2008, and was most extreme in the town of Fort Kent. Peak streamflows in northern Aroostook County were the result of a persistent heavy snowpack that caused high streamflows when it quickly melted during the third week of April 2008. Snowmelt was followed by from two to four inches of rainfall over a 2-day period in northern Maine. Peak water-surface elevations resulting from the flood were obtained from 13 continuous-record streamgages and 63 surveyed high-water marks in Aroostook and Penobscot Counties. Peak streamflows were obtained from 20 sites on 15 streams through stage/discharge rating curves or hydraulic flow models. Peak water-surface elevations and streamflows were the highest ever recorded at seven continuous-record streamgages, which had between 25 and 84 years of record in northern Aroostook County. The annual exceedance probability (the percent chance of exceeding the streamflow recorded during the April/May 2008 flood during any given year) at six streamgages in northern Maine was equal to or less than 1 percent. \r\n\r\nData from flood-insurance studies published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency were available for five of the locations analyzed for the April/May 2008 flood and were compared to streamflows and observed peak water-surface elevations from the 2008 flood. Water-surface elevations that would be expected given the observed flow as applied to the effective flood insurance studies ranged from between 1 and 4 feet from the water-surface elevations observed during the 2008 flood. Differences were likely the result of up to 30 years of additional data for the calculation of recurrence intervals and the fact that hydraulic models used for the models had not previously been calibrated to a flood of this magnitude. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Lombard, P., 2010, Flood of April and May 2008 in Northern Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5003, iv, 17 p.  , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105003.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.  ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-04-28","temporalEnd":"2008-05-01","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5003.jpg"},{"id":13598,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.5,45 ], [ -70.5,48 ], [ -67,48 ], [ -67,45 ], [ -70.5,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4814e4b07f02db4dac15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lombard, Pamela J. 0000-0002-0983-1906","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-1906","contributorId":23899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70216852,"text":"70216852 - 2010 - Trends in groundwater levels in wells in the active management areas of Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-10T13:27:59.552004","indexId":"70216852","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-27T15:42:25","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in groundwater levels in wells in the active management areas of Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"<p>In 1980, the Arizona legislature passed the Groundwater Management Act (GMA), creating the active management areas (AMAs) to protect shared groundwater resources and to control severe overdrafts occurring in many parts of the state. With the 30-year anniversary of the GMA approaching, this article addresses the question: Have there been notable changes in the trends in observed groundwater levels in the AMAs from before enactment of the GMA until present? New tools developed for the US Geological Survey’s National Water Availability and Use Pilot Program are used to analyze and present trends in observed groundwater level data. Trends in groundwater levels in the AMAs were investigated for 10-year time periods from 1970 through 1999 and an 9-year period from 2000–2008. Results indicate that the number of wells with rising trends in water levels increased and the number of wells with falling trends in water levels decreased during the early decades after passage of the GMA in the most-populated Phoenix and heavily agricultural Pinal AMAs. However, these trends in water levels are reversed during the 1995–2004 time period. The value of trend analyses would be improved by consistent groundwater-level monitoring in both developed and undeveloped areas of the region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-010-0603-3","usgsCitation":"Tillman, F.D., and Leake, S.A., 2010, Trends in groundwater levels in wells in the active management areas of Arizona, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 18, p. 1515-1524, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0603-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1515","endPage":"1524","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-014532","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"4\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Arizona\",\"nation\":\"USA  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Fred D. 0000-0002-2922-402X ftillman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-402X","contributorId":147809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"Fred","email":"ftillman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70202252,"text":"70202252 - 2010 - Seasonal H2O and CO2 ice cycles at the Mars Phoenix landing site: 1. Prelanding CRISM and HiRISE observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-18T12:54:17","indexId":"70202252","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-27T12:52:31","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal H2O and CO2 ice cycles at the Mars Phoenix landing site: 1. Prelanding CRISM and HiRISE observations","docAbstract":"<p><span>The condensation, evolution, and sublimation of seasonal water and carbon dioxide ices were characterized at the Mars Phoenix landing site from Martian northern midsummer to midspring (L</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;∼ 142° – L</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;∼ 60°) for the year prior to the Phoenix landing on 25 May 2008. Ice relative abundances and grain sizes were estimated using data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment aboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and a nonlinear mixing model. Water ice first appeared at the Phoenix landing site during the afternoon in late summer (L</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;∼ 167°) as an optically thin layer on top of soil. CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;ice appeared after the fall equinox. By late winter (L</span><sub>s</sub><span>∼ 344°), the site was covered by relatively pure CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;ice (∼30 cm thick), with a small amount of ∼100&nbsp;</span><i>μ</i><span>m diameter water ice and soil. As spring progressed, CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;ice grain sizes gradually decreased, a change interpreted to result from granulation during sublimation losses. The combined effect of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;sublimation and decreasing H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O ice grain sizes allowed H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O ice to dominate spectra during the spring and significantly brightened the surface. CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;ice disappeared by early spring (L</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;∼ 34°) and H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O ice by midspring (L</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;∼ 59°). Spring defrosting was not uniform and occurred more rapidly over the centers of polygons and geomorphic units with relatively higher thermal inertia values.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2009JE003340","usgsCitation":"Cull, S., Arvidson, R.E., Mellon, M.T., Wiseman, S.M., Clark, R.N., Titus, T.N., Morris, R., and McGuire, P.E., 2010, Seasonal H2O and CO2 ice cycles at the Mars Phoenix landing site: 1. Prelanding CRISM and HiRISE observations: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 115, no. E4, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JE003340.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"115","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cull, Selby","contributorId":19100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cull","given":"Selby","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arvidson, Raymond E.","contributorId":106626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arvidson","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mellon, Michael T.","contributorId":8603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7037,"text":"Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiseman, Sandra M.","contributorId":212719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiseman","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morris, Richard V.","contributorId":167513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"Richard V.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McGuire, Patrick E.","contributorId":71008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGuire","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70230290,"text":"70230290 - 2010 - Mg isotope constraints on soil pore-fluid chemistry: Evidence from Santa Cruz, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-06T16:17:22.640131","indexId":"70230290","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-27T10:02:58","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mg isotope constraints on soil pore-fluid chemistry: Evidence from Santa Cruz, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mg isotope ratios (</span><sup>26</sup><span>Mg/</span><sup>24</sup><span>Mg) are reported in soil pore-fluids, rain and seawater, grass and smectite from a 90</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>kyr old soil, developed on an uplifted marine terrace from Santa Cruz, California. Rain water has an invariant&nbsp;</span><sup>26</sup><span>Mg/</span><sup>24</sup><span>Mg ratio (expressed as&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=\"><i>δ26</i>Mg&gt;<span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><i>δ26</i>Mg</span></span></span><span>) at −0.79</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.05‰, identical to seawater&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=\"><i>δ26</i>Mg&gt;<span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><i>δ26</i>Mg</span></span></span><span>. Detrital smectite (from the base of the soil profile, and therefore unweathered) has a&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=\">δ26Mg\"&gt;<span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">δ26Mg</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>value of 0.11‰, potentially enriched in&nbsp;</span><sup>26</sup><span>Mg by up to 0.3‰ compared to the bulk silicate Earth Mg isotope composition (although within the range of all terrestrial silicates). The soil pore-waters show a continuous profile with depth for&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=\"><i>δ26</i>Mg&gt;<span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><i>δ26</i>Mg</span></span></span><span>, ranging from −0.99‰ near the surface to −0.43‰ at the base of the profile. Shallow pore-waters (&lt;1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m) have&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=\"><i>δ26</i>Mg&gt;<span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><i>δ26</i>Mg</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;values that are similar to, or slightly lower than the rain waters. This implies that the degree of biological cycling of Mg in the pore-waters is relatively small and is quantified as &lt;32%, calculated using the average Mg isotope enrichment factor between grass and rain (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=\"><i>δ26</i>Mggrass-<i>δ26</i>Mgrain&gt;<span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><i>δ26</i>Mggrass-<i>δ26</i>Mgrain</span></span></span><span>) of 0.21‰. The deep pore-waters (1–15</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m deep) have&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=\"><i>δ26</i>Mg&gt;<span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\"><i>δ26</i>Mg</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;values that are intermediate between the smectite and rain, ranging from −0.76‰ to −0.43‰, and show a similar trend with depth compared to Sr isotope ratios. The similarity between Sr and Mg isotope ratios confirms that the Mg in the pore-waters can be explained by a mixture between rain and smectite derived Mg, despite the fact that Mg and Sr concentrations may be buffered by the exchangeable reservoir. However, whilst Sr isotope ratios in the pore-waters span almost the complete range between mineral and rain inputs, Mg isotopes compositions are much closer to the rain inputs. If Mg and Sr isotope ratios are controlled uniquely by a mixture, the data can be used to estimate the mineral weathering inputs to the pore-waters, by correcting for the rain inputs. This isotopic correction is compared to the commonly used chloride correction for precipitation inputs. A consistent interpretation is only possible if Mg isotope ratios are fractionated either by the precipitation of a secondary Mg bearing phase, not detected by conventional methods, or selective leaching of&nbsp;</span><sup>24</sup><span>Mg from smectite. There is therefore dual control on the Mg isotopic composition of the pore-waters, mixing of two inputs with distinct isotopic compositions, modified by fractionation. The data provide (1) further evidence for Mg isotope fractionation at the surface of the Earth and (2) the first field evidence of Mg isotope fractionation during uptake by natural plants. The coherent behaviour of Mg isotope ratios in soil environments is encouraging for the development of Mg isotope ratios as a quantitative tracer of both weathering inputs of Mg to waters, and the physicochemical processes that cycle Mg, a major cation linked to the carbon cycle, during continental weathering.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2010.04.021","usgsCitation":"Tipper, E.T., Gaillardet, J., Louvat, P., Capmas, F., and White, A.F., 2010, Mg isotope constraints on soil pore-fluid chemistry: Evidence from Santa Cruz, California: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 74, no. 14, p. 3883-3896, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.04.021.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3883","endPage":"3896","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":398221,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Cruz","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.10891723632812,\n              36.94495296068268\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.93038940429688,\n              36.94495296068268\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.93038940429688,\n              37.04092825594592\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10891723632812,\n              37.04092825594592\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10891723632812,\n              36.94495296068268\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"74","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tipper, Edward T.","contributorId":289842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tipper","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaillardet, Jerome","contributorId":184199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaillardet","given":"Jerome","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Louvat, Pascale","contributorId":289843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Louvat","given":"Pascale","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Capmas, Francoise","contributorId":289844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Capmas","given":"Francoise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98341,"text":"sir20105052 - 2010 - Regional Regression Equations to Estimate Flow-Duration Statistics at Ungaged Stream Sites in Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:52:18","indexId":"sir20105052","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5052","title":"Regional Regression Equations to Estimate Flow-Duration Statistics at Ungaged Stream Sites in Connecticut","docAbstract":"Multiple linear regression equations for determining flow-duration statistics were developed to estimate select flow exceedances ranging from 25- to 99-percent for six 'bioperiods'-Salmonid Spawning (November), Overwinter (December-February), Habitat Forming (March-April), Clupeid Spawning (May), Resident Spawning (June), and Rearing and Growth (July-October)-in Connecticut. Regression equations also were developed to estimate the 25- and 99-percent flow exceedances without reference to a bioperiod. In total, 32 equations were developed. The predictive equations were based on regression analyses relating flow statistics from streamgages to GIS-determined basin and climatic characteristics for the drainage areas of those streamgages. Thirty-nine streamgages (and an additional 6 short-term streamgages and 28 partial-record sites for the non-bioperiod 99-percent exceedance) in Connecticut and adjacent areas of neighboring States were used in the regression analysis. Weighted least squares regression analysis was used to determine the predictive equations; weights were assigned based on record length. The basin characteristics-drainage area, percentage of area with coarse-grained stratified deposits, percentage of area with wetlands, mean monthly precipitation (November), mean seasonal precipitation (December, January, and February), and mean basin elevation-are used as explanatory variables in the equations.\r\n\r\nStandard errors of estimate of the 32 equations ranged from 10.7 to 156 percent with medians of 19.2 and 55.4 percent to predict the 25- and 99-percent exceedances, respectively. Regression equations to estimate high and median flows (25- to 75-percent exceedances) are better predictors (smaller variability of the residual values around the regression line) than the equations to estimate low flows (less than 75-percent exceedance). The Habitat Forming (March-April) bioperiod had the smallest standard errors of estimate, ranging from 10.7 to 20.9 percent. In contrast, the Rearing and Growth (July-October) bioperiod had the largest standard errors, ranging from 30.9 to 156 percent. The adjusted coefficient of determination of the equations ranged from 77.5 to 99.4 percent with medians of 98.5 and 90.6 percent to predict the 25- and 99-percent exceedances, respectively.\r\n\r\nDescriptive information on the streamgages used in the regression, measured basin and climatic characteristics, and estimated flow-duration statistics are provided in this report. Flow-duration statistics and the 32 regression equations for estimating flow-duration statistics in Connecticut are stored on the U.S. Geological Survey World Wide Web application ?StreamStats? (http://water.usgs.gov/osw/streamstats/index.html). The regression equations developed in this report can be used to produce unbiased estimates of select flow exceedances statewide.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Ahearn, E.A., 2010, Regional Regression Equations to Estimate Flow-Duration Statistics at Ungaged Stream Sites in Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5052, iv, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105052.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5052.jpg"},{"id":13589,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5052/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Connecticut State Plane","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74,40.5 ], [ -74,42.5 ], [ -71.16666666666667,42.5 ], [ -71.16666666666667,40.5 ], [ -74,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614b9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahearn, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-5633-2640 eaahearn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-2640","contributorId":194658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahearn","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eaahearn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98339,"text":"sir20095264 - 2010 - Field Surveys of Rare Plants on Santa Cruz Island, California, 2003-2006: Historical Records and Current Distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20095264","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5264","title":"Field Surveys of Rare Plants on Santa Cruz Island, California, 2003-2006: Historical Records and Current Distributions","docAbstract":"Santa Cruz Island is the largest of the northern Channel Islands located off the coast of California. It is owned and managed as a conservation reserve by The Nature Conservancy and the Channel Islands National Park. The island is home to nine plant taxa listed in 1997 as threatened or endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act, because of declines related to nearly 150 years of ranching on the island. Feral livestock were removed from the island as a major conservation step, which was part of a program completed in early 2007 with the eradication of pigs and turkeys. For the first time in more than a century, the rare plants of Santa Cruz Island have a chance to recover in the wild. This study provides survey information and living plant materials needed for recovery management of the listed taxa. We developed a database containing information about historical collections of the nine taxa and used it to plan a survey strategy. Our objectives were to relocate as many of the previously known populations as possible, with emphasis on documenting sites not visited in several decades, sites that were poorly documented in the historical record, and sites spanning the range of environmental conditions inhabited by the taxa. From 2003 through 2006, we searched for and found 39 populations of the taxa, indicating that nearly 80 percent of the populations known earlier in the 1900s still existed. Most populations are small and isolated, occupying native-dominated habitat patches in a highly fragmented and invaded landscape; they are still at risk of declining through population losses. Most are not expanding beyond the edges of their habitat patches. However, most taxa appeared to have good seed production and a range of size classes in populations, indicating a good capacity for plant recruitment and population growth in these restricted sites. For these taxa, seed collection and outplanting might be a good strategy to increase numbers of populations for species recovery. Several taxa have particular problems evidenced by lack of fruit set, very small population sizes, or unstable habitats. We collected seeds of all but two taxa for seed banking, and live cuttings of two clonal shrubs for cultivation at the Santa Barbara Botanic Garden. The survey data, seeds and cuttings provide a baseline and a foundation for planning, conducting, and tracking recovery of the nine federally listed plant taxa of Santa Cruz Island.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095264","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with La Luna Biological Consulting","usgsCitation":"McEachern, A.K., Chess, K., and Niessen, K., 2010, Field Surveys of Rare Plants on Santa Cruz Island, California, 2003-2006: Historical Records and Current Distributions: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5264, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095264.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5264.jpg"},{"id":13587,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5264/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"UniversalTransverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.95,33.916666666666664 ], [ -119.95,34.083333333333336 ], [ -119.5,34.083333333333336 ], [ -119.5,33.916666666666664 ], [ -119.95,33.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f59e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEachern, A. Kathryn","contributorId":30165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kathryn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chess, Katherine A.","contributorId":76778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chess","given":"Katherine A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niessen, Ken","contributorId":93590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niessen","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98340,"text":"sir20105061 - 2010 - Quality of groundwater at and near an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, June 2004-August 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T21:04:55.299248","indexId":"sir20105061","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5061","title":"Quality of groundwater at and near an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, June 2004-August 2008","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, did a study during 2004–08 to characterize the quality of native groundwater from the Edwards aquifer and pre- and post-injection water from the Carrizo aquifer at and near an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site in Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for selected&nbsp;physical properties and constituents to characterize the quality of native groundwater from the Edwards aquifer and pre- and post-injection water from the Carrizo aquifer at and near the ASR site. Geochemical and isotope data indicated no substantial changes in major-ion, trace-element, and isotope chemistry occurred as the water from the Edwards aquifer was transferred through a 38-mile pipeline to the aquifer storage and recovery site. The samples collected from the four ASR recovery wells were similar in major-ion and stable isotope chemistry compared to the samples collected from the Edwards aquifer source wells and the ASR injection well. The similarity could indicate that as Edwards aquifer water was injected, it displaced native Carrizo aquifer water, or, alternatively, if mixing of Edwards and Carrizo aquifer waters was occurring, the major-ion and stable isotope signatures for the Carrizo aquifer water might have been obscured&nbsp;by the signatures of the injected Edwards aquifer water. Differences in the dissolved iron and dissolved manganese concentrations indicate that either minor amounts of mixing occurred between the waters from the two aquifers, or as Edwards aquifer water displaced Carrizo aquifer water it dissolved the iron and manganese directly from the Carrizo Sand. Concentrations of radium-226 in the samples collected at the ASR recovery wells were smaller than the concentrations in samples collected from the Edwards aquifer source wells and from the ASR injection well. The smaller radium-226 concentrations in the samples collected from the ASR recovery wells likely indicate some degree of mixing of the two waters occurred rather than continued decay of radium-226 in the injected water. Geochemical and isotope data measured in samples collected in May 2005 from two Carrizo aquifer monitoring wells and in July 2008 from the three ASR production-only wells in the northern section of the ASR site indicate that injected Edwards aquifer water had not migrated to these five sites. Geochemical and isotope data measured in samples collected from Carrizo aquifer wells in 2004, 2005, and 2008 were graphically analyzed to determine if changes in chemistry could be detected. Major-ion, trace element, and isotope chemistry varied spatially in the samples collected from the Carrizo aquifer. With the exception of a few samples, major-ion concentrations measured in samples collected in Carrizo aquifer wells in 2004, 2005, and 2008 were similar. A slightly larger sulfate con­centration and a slightly smaller bicarbonate concentration were measured in samples collected in 2005 and 2008 from well NC1 compared to samples collected at well NC1 in 2004. Larger sodium concentrations and smaller calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, and sulfate concentrations were measured in samples collected in 2008 from well WC1 than in samples collected at this well in 2004 and 2005. Larger calcium and magnesium concentrations and a smaller sodium concentration were measured in the samples collected in 2008 at well EC2 compared to samples collected at this well in 2004 and 2005. While in some cases the computed percent differences (compared to concentrations from June 2004) in dissolved iron and dissolved manganese concentrations in 11 wells sampled in the Carrizo aquifer in 2005 and 2008 were quite large, no trends that might have been caused by migration of injected Edwards aquifer water were observed.&nbsp;Because of the natural variation in geochemical data in the Carrizo aquifer and the small data set collected for this study, differences in major-ion and trace element data among the samples collected in 2004, 2005 and 2008 cannot be directly attributed to the ASR site operations. When the data were analyzed graphically, no appreciable differences in isotope concentrations were observed between&nbsp;samples collected in 2004 and 2008 from Carrizo aquifer wells, indicating that the Edwards aquifer source water might not have affected the isotope chemistry of the native Carrizo aquifer water near the sampled Carrizo wells by July 2008.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/sir20105061","collaboration":"In cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Otero, C.L., and Petri, B.L., 2010, Quality of groundwater at and near an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, June 2004-August 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5061, vii, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105061.","productDescription":"vii, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-06-01","temporalEnd":"2008-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410578,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93056.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5061.jpg"},{"id":13588,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Atascosa County, Bexar County, Wilson County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.75,\n              28.905\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.75,\n              29.4742\n            ],\n            [\n              -98,\n              29.4742\n            ],\n            [\n              -98,\n              28.905\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.75,\n              28.905\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f23d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otero, Cassi L.","contributorId":100469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otero","given":"Cassi","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petri, Brian L.","contributorId":64712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petri","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175009,"text":"70175009 - 2010 - Avian botulism: a case study in translocated endangered Laysan ducks (<i>Anas laysanensis</i>) on Midway Atoll","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:56:52","indexId":"70175009","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-22T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian botulism: a case study in translocated endangered Laysan ducks (<i>Anas laysanensis</i>) on Midway Atoll","docAbstract":"<p>Laysan Ducks are endemic to the Hawaiian archipelago and are one of the world&rsquo;s most endangered waterfowl. For 150 yr, Laysan Ducks were restricted to an estimated 4 km2 of land on Laysan Island in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. In 2004 and 2005, 42 Laysan Ducks were translocated to Midway Atoll, and the population increased to approximately 200 by 2007. In August 2008, mortality due to botulism type C was identified, and 181 adult, fledgling, and duckling carcasses were collected from August to October. Diseased birds were found on two islands within Midway Atoll at multiple wetlands; however, one wetland contributed most carcasses. The epidemic was discovered approximately 14&ndash;21 days after the mortality started and lasted for 50 additional days. The details of this epidemic highlight the disease risk to birds restricted to small island populations and the challenges associated with managing newly translocated endangered species. Frequent population monitoring for early disease detection and comprehensive wetland monitoring and management will be needed to manage avian botulism in endangered Laysan Ducks. Vaccination may also be beneficial to reduce mortality in this small, geographically closed population.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-46.2.499","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Klavitter, J.L., Reynolds, M.H., and Blehert, D., 2010, Avian botulism: a case study in translocated endangered Laysan ducks (<i>Anas laysanensis</i>) on Midway Atoll: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 46, no. 2, p. 499-506, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-46.2.499.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"506","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-014166","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":98338,"text":"ofr20101063 - 2010 - Digital tabulation of geologic and hydrologic data from wells in the northern San Francisco Bay region, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T21:40:25.068848","indexId":"ofr20101063","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1063","title":"Digital tabulation of geologic and hydrologic data from wells in the northern San Francisco Bay region, northern California","docAbstract":"Downhole lithologic information and aquifer pumping test data are reported from 464 wells from a broad area of the northern part of the Coast Ranges in California. These data were originally published in paper form as numerous tables within three USGS Water-Supply Papers describing geology and groundwater conditions in Napa and Sonoma Valleys, the Santa Rosa and Petaluma Valley areas, and in the Russian River Valley and areas in Sonoma and Mendocino Counties, Calif. The well data are compiled in this report in digital form suitable for use in a digital mapping environment. These data, although mostly from relatively shallow water wells, provide important subsurface information that displays the disposition and facies transition of lithologic units throughout this broad area. Well lithologic data themselves and simple three-dimensional interpolation of those data show distinct spatial patterns that are linked to subsurface stratigraphy and structure and can be used to aid in the assessment of the groundwater resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101063","usgsCitation":"Sweetkind, D.S., and Taylor, E.M., 2010, Digital tabulation of geologic and hydrologic data from wells in the northern San Francisco Bay region, northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1063, Report: iv, 17.; Appendixes; 1 Plate: 42.0 x 33.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101063.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 17.; Appendixes; 1 Plate: 42.0 x 33.0 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402654,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92518.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13586,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1063/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1063.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"northern San Francisco Bay region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.958984375,\n              37.97018468810549\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5087890625,\n              37.97018468810549\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5087890625,\n              39.26628442213066\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.958984375,\n              39.26628442213066\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.958984375,\n              37.97018468810549\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d5c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweetkind, D. S.","contributorId":61507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, E. M.","contributorId":55842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98336,"text":"ofr20101081 - 2010 - Nitrogen Loads in Groundwater Entering Back Bays and Ocean from Fire Island National Seashore, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"ofr20101081","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1081","title":"Nitrogen Loads in Groundwater Entering Back Bays and Ocean from Fire Island National Seashore, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Fire Island is a barrier island that lies south of central Long Island, N.Y. It is about 60 km (37 mi) long and 0.5 km (1/4 mi) wide and is bounded by the Great South Bay, Narrow Bay, and Moriches Bay estuaries to the north; by the Atlantic Ocean to the south; by Fire Island Inlet to the west; and by Moriches Inlet to the east (fig. 1). Fire Island National Seashore (FIIS) encompasses a 42-km (26-mi) length of Fire Island that is bordered by Robert Moses State Park to the west and Smith Point County Park to the east (fig. 2). Interspersed throughout FIIS are 17 residential beach communities that together contain about 4,100 homes.\r\n\r\nThe barrier island's summer population increases 50-fold through the arrival of summer residents and vacationers. The National Park Service (NPS) has established several facilities on the island to accommodate visitors to FIIS. About 2.2 million people visit at least one of the 17 communities and (or) Smith Point County Park, the waterways surrounding Fire Island, or a FIIS facility annually (National Park Service, 2007). Combined visitation on a peak-season weekend day can be as high as 100,000 (National Park Service, 2002).\r\n\r\nMost homes and businesses in the 17 barrier-island communities discharge untreated wastewater directly to the shallow (water-table) aquifer through private septic systems and cesspools; the NPS facilities discharge wastewater to this aquifer through leach fields and cesspools. (The community of Ocean Beach (fig. 2) has a treatment plant that discharges to tidewater.) Contaminants in sewage entering the shallow groundwater move through the flow system and are ultimately discharged to adjacent marine surface waters, where they can pose a threat to coastal habitats. A contaminant of major concern is nitrogen, which is derived from fertilizers and human waste. The continuous inflow of nitrogen to surface-water bodies can lead to increased production of phytoplankton and macroalgae, which in turn can cause oxygen depletion, decreases in size of estuarine fish and shellfish communities, and loss of submerged seagrass habitat through light limitation (Valiela and others, 1992).\r\n\r\nThe FIIS boundary extends roughly 1.2 km (0.8 mi) into the back-barrier estuaries of Great South Bay, Narrow Bay, and Moriches Bay (fig. 1). Within this estuarine zone are extensive areas of seagrass, shellfish, and finfish habitat, as well as intense recreational activity (Bokuniewicz and others, 1993). Management strategies for protection of these habitats require data on (1) concentrations and movement of nutrients and other human-derived contaminants that enter the groundwater system from on-site septic systems, and (2) aquifer characteristics and groundwater flow patterns. These data can then be used in three-dimensional flow models of the shallow aquifer system to predict the rates of groundwater discharge to the marine surface waters that bound Fire Island and the concentrations of nitrogen entering these water bodies from the aquifer's discharge zones.\r\n\r\nIn 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the NPS, began a 3-year investigation to (1) measure groundwater levels within four local study areas at FIIS, (2) collect groundwater samples from these areas for nutrient (nitrogen) analysis, (3) develop a three-dimensional model of the hydrologic system and adjacent saltwater bodies for groundwater-flow delineation and particle tracking, and (4) apply the results of groundwater-discharge simulations to calculate the annual nitrogen loads in these discharges, particularly those entering Great South Bay, which together with the other back bays receives an estimated 80 percent of the total groundwater discharge from Fire Island.\r\n\r\nThe four areas on which the investigation focused were the communities of Kismet and Robbins Rest, the NPS Visitor Center at Watch Hill, and the undeveloped Otis Pike Fire Island High Dune Wilderness (shown in panels A, B, C, and D in fig. 2); these were","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101081","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Schubert, C., deVries, M.P., and Finch, A.J., 2010, Nitrogen Loads in Groundwater Entering Back Bays and Ocean from Fire Island National Seashore, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1081, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101081.","productDescription":"16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1081.jpg"},{"id":13584,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.33333333333333,40.53333333333333 ], [ -73.33333333333333,40.85 ], [ -72.76666666666667,40.85 ], [ -72.76666666666667,40.53333333333333 ], [ -73.33333333333333,40.53333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629c59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schubert, Christopher 0000-0003-0705-3933 schubert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0705-3933","contributorId":1243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubert","given":"Christopher","email":"schubert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"deVries, M. Peter pdevries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"deVries","given":"M.","email":"pdevries@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finch, Anne J.","contributorId":102494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98337,"text":"sir20105034 - 2010 - Method for Estimating Annual Atrazine Use for Counties in the Conterminous United States, 1992-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20105034","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5034","title":"Method for Estimating Annual Atrazine Use for Counties in the Conterminous United States, 1992-2007","docAbstract":"A method was developed to estimate annual atrazine use during 1992 to 2007 on sixteen crops and four agricultural land uses. For each year, atrazine use was estimated for all counties in the conterminous United States (except California) by combining (1) proprietary data from the Doane Marketing Research-Kynetec (DMRK) AgroTrak database on the mass of atrazine applied to agricultural crops, (2) county harvested crop acreage, by county, from the 1992, 1997, 2002, and 2007 Censuses of Agriculture, and (3) annual harvested crop acreage from National Agriculture Statistics Service (NASS) for non-Census years. DMRK estimates of pesticide use on individual crops were derived from surveys of major field crops and selected specialty crops in multicounty areas referred to as Crop Reporting Districts (CRD). The CRD-level atrazine-use estimates were disaggregated to obtain county-level application rates by dividing the mass (pounds) of pesticides applied to a crop by the acreage of that crop in the CRD to yield a rate per harvested acre. When atrazine-use estimates were not available for a CRD, crop, or year, an estimated rate was developed following a hierarchy of decision rules that checked first for the availability of a crop application rate from surveyed atrazine application rate(s) for adjacent CRDs for a specific year, and second, the rates from surveyed CRDs within for U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Production Regions for a specific year or multiple years. The estimation method applied linear interpolation to estimate crop acreage for years when harvested acres for a crop and county were not reported in either the Census of Agriculture or the NASS database, but were reported by these data sources for other years for that crop and county. Data for atrazine use for the counties in California was obtained from farmers' reports of pesticide use collected and published by the California Department of Pesticide Regulation-Pesticide Use Reporting (DPR-PUR) because these data are more complete than DMRK survey data. National and state annual atrazine-use totals derived by this method were compared with other published pesticide-use estimates and were highly correlated. The method developed is designed to be applicable to other pesticides for which there are similar data; however, for some pesticides that are applied to specialty crops, fewer surveys are usually available to estimate application rates and there are a greater number of years with unreported crop acreage, potentially resulting in greater uncertainty in use ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105034","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Thelin, G.P., and Stone, W.W., 2010, Method for Estimating Annual Atrazine Use for Counties in the Conterminous United States, 1992-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5034, viii, 29 p.; Tables; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105034.","productDescription":"viii, 29 p.; Tables; Appendixes","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5034.jpg"},{"id":13585,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5034/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624848","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thelin, Gail P.","contributorId":75178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelin","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98334,"text":"tm2A10 - 2010 - A Natural History Summary and Survey Protocol for the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:02","indexId":"tm2A10","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2-A10","title":"A Natural History Summary and Survey Protocol for the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher","docAbstract":"The Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) has been the subject of substantial research, monitoring, and management activity since it was listed as an endangered species in 1995. When proposed for listing in 1993, relatively little was known about the flycatcher's natural history, and there were only 30 known breeding sites supporting an estimated 111 territories rangewide (Sogge and others, 2003a). Since that time, thousands of presence/absences surveys have been conducted throughout the historical range of the flycatcher, and many studies of its natural history and ecology have been completed. As a result, the ecology of the flycatcher is much better understood than it was just over a decade ago. In addition, we have learned that the current status of the flycatcher is better than originally thought: as of 2007, the population was estimated at approximately 1,300 territories distributed among approximately 280 breeding sites (Durst and others, 2008a). \r\n\r\nConcern about the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher on a rangewide scale was brought to focus by Unitt (1987), who described declines in flycatcher abundance and distribution throughout the Southwest. E. t. extimus populations declined during the 20th century, primarily because of habitat loss and modification from activities, such as dam construction and operation, groundwater pumping, water diversions, and flood control. In 1991, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) designated the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher as a candidate category 1 species (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1991). In July 1993, the USFWS proposed to list E. t. extimus as an endangered species and to designate critical habitat under the Act (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1993). A final rule listing E. t. extimus as endangered was published in February 1995 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1995); critical habitat was designated in 1997 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1997). The USFWS Service released a Recovery Plan for the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher in 2002 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2002), and re-designated critical habitat in 2005 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2005). \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm2A10","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Sogge, M.K., Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Ahlers, D., Bureau of Reclamation, Sferra, S.J., and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2010, A Natural History Summary and Survey Protocol for the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 2-A10, Report: iv, 38 p.; Appendices (doc, PDF, xls)  , https://doi.org/10.3133/tm2A10.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 38 p.; Appendices (doc, PDF, xls)  ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_2_a10.jpg"},{"id":13583,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm2a10/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd495de4b0b290850ef1a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sogge, Mark K. 0000-0002-8337-5689 mark_sogge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-5689","contributorId":3710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"Mark","email":"mark_sogge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahlers, Darrell","contributorId":68428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlers","given":"Darrell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","contributorId":127878,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Bureau of Reclamation","id":535024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sferra, Susan J.","contributorId":57964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sferra","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","contributorId":128143,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","id":535026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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