Conservation of genetic resources is a challenging issue for agencies managing popular sport fishes. To address the ongoing potential for genetic risks, we developed a comprehensive set of recommendations to conserve genetic diversity of muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) in Wisconsin, and evaluated the extent to which the recommendations can be implemented. Although some details are specific to Wisconsin's muskellunge propagation program, many of the practical issues affecting implementation are applicable to other species and production systems. We developed guidelines to restrict future broodstock collection operations to lakes with natural reproduction and to develop a set of brood lakes to use on a rotational basis within regional stock boundaries, but implementation will require considering lakes with variable stocking histories. Maintaining an effective population size sufficient to minimize the risk of losing alleles requires limiting broodstock collection to large lakes. Recommendations to better approximate the temporal distribution of spawning in hatchery operations and randomize selection of brood fish are feasible. Guidelines to modify rearing and distribution procedures face some logistic constraints. An evaluation of genetic diversity of hatchery-produced fish during 2008 demonstrated variable success representing genetic variation of the source population. Continued evaluation of hatchery operations will optimize operational efficiency while moving toward genetic conservation goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446-35.8.388","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M.J., Sloss, B.L., Hatzenbeler, G.R., Kampa, J.M., Simonson, T.D., Avelallemant, S.P., Lindenberger, G.A., and Underwood, B.D., 2010, Implementation of genetic conservation practices in a muskellunge propagation and stocking program: Fisheries, v. 35, no. 8, p. 388-395, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446-35.8.388.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"388","endPage":"395","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-020405","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324214,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576bb6b6e4b07657d1a228c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Martin J.","contributorId":6570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sloss, Brian L. bsloss@usgs.gov","contributorId":702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloss","given":"Brian","email":"bsloss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":637219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatzenbeler, Gene R.","contributorId":60505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatzenbeler","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kampa, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":40092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kampa","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simonson, Timothy D.","contributorId":99439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Avelallemant, Steven P.","contributorId":81764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avelallemant","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lindenberger, Gary A.","contributorId":42104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindenberger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Underwood, Bruce D.","contributorId":105610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70173882,"text":"70173882 - 2010 - Interactions between walleyes and smallmouth bass in a Missouri River reservoir with consideration of the influence of temperature and prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T13:10:55","indexId":"70173882","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions between walleyes and smallmouth bass in a Missouri River reservoir with consideration of the influence of temperature and prey","docAbstract":"Walleyes Sander vitreus are the most popular fish among South Dakota anglers, but smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu were introduced to provide new angling opportunities. Some walleye anglers have reported reductions in the quality of walleye fisheries since the introduction of smallmouth bass and attribute this to the consumption of young walleyes by smallmouth bass and competition for shared prey resources. We quantified the diets of walleyes and smallmouth bass in the lower reaches of Lake Sharpe (a Missouri River reservoir), calculated the diet overlap between the two predators, and determined whether they partitioned shared prey based on size. We also quantified walleye diets in the upper reach of the reservoir, which has a different prey base and allowed us to compare the growth rates of walleyes within Lake Sharpe. Age-0 gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum composed a substantial proportion of the diets of both predators, regardless of location, for most of the growing season; the patterns in shad vulnerability appeared to drive the observed patterns in diet overlap. Smallmouth bass appeared to consume a smaller size range of gizzard shad than did walleyes, which consumed a wide range. Smallmouth bass consumed Sander spp. in some months, but in very low quantities. Given that global climate change is expected to alter the population and community dynamics in Great Plains reservoirs, we also used a bioenergetics approach to predict the potential effects of limiting prey availability (specifically, the absence of gizzard shad and rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax) and increased water temperatures (as projected from global climate change models) on walleye and smallmouth bass growth. The models indicated that the absence of rainbow smelt from the diets of walleyes in upper Lake Sharpe would reduce growth but that the absence of gizzard shad would have a more marked negative effect on both predators at both locations. The models also indicated that higher water temperatures would have an even greater negative influence on walleye growth; however, smallmouth bass growth was predicted to increase with higher temperatures. Fisheries managers should consider strategies to enhance the prey base or mitigate the effects of increased water temperatures that may occur in the future as a result of global climate change. Such proactive actions may alleviate potential future competition between walleyes and smallmouth bass resulting from changes in the fish community.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/M09-066.1","usgsCitation":"Wuellner, M.R., Chipps, S.R., Willis, D.W., and Adams, W.E., 2010, Interactions between walleyes and smallmouth bass in a Missouri River reservoir with consideration of the influence of temperature and prey: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 30, no. 2, p. 445-463, https://doi.org/10.1577/M09-066.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"463","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022603","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576bb6b6e4b07657d1a228c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wuellner, Melissa R.","contributorId":172322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wuellner","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Wells E. Jr.","contributorId":172323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Wells","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70044283,"text":"70044283 - 2010 - Heat Flow and Hydrologic Characteristics at the AND-1B borehole, ANDRILL McMurdo Ice Shelf Project, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-10T13:44:58","indexId":"70044283","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat Flow and Hydrologic Characteristics at the AND-1B borehole, ANDRILL McMurdo Ice Shelf Project, Antarctica","docAbstract":"The Antarctic Drilling Program (ANDRILL) successfully drilled and cored a borehole, AND-1B, beneath the McMurdo Ice Shelf and into a flexural moat basin that surrounds Ross Island. Total drilling depth reached 1285 m below seafloor (mbsf) with 98 percent core recovery for the detailed study of glacier dynamics. With the goal of obtaining complementary information regarding heat flow and permeability, which is vital to understanding the nature of marine hydrogeologic systems, a succession of three temperature logs was recorded over a five-day span to monitor the gradual thermal recovery toward equilibrium conditions. These data were extrapolated to true, undisturbed temperatures, and they define a linear geothermal gradient of 76.7 K/km from the seafloor to 647 mbsf. Bulk thermal conductivities of the sedimentary rocks were derived from empirical mixing models and density measurements performed on core, and an average value of 1.5 W/mK ± 10 percent was determined. The corresponding estimate of heat flow at this site is 115 mW/m2. This value is relatively high but is consistent with other elevated heat-flow data associated with the Erebus Volcanic Province. Information regarding the origin and frequency of pathways for subsurface fluid flow is gleaned from drillers' records, complementary geophysical logs, and core descriptions. Only two prominent permeable zones are identified and these correspond to two markedly different features within the rift basin; one is a distinct lithostratigraphic subunit consisting of a thin lava flow and the other is a heavily fractured interval within a single thick subunit.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00512.1","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., Williams, T., Henry, S., Diana Magens and Frank Niessen, and Hansaraj, D., 2010, Heat Flow and Hydrologic Characteristics at the AND-1B borehole, ANDRILL McMurdo Ice Shelf Project, Antarctica: Geosphere, v. 6, no. 4, p. 370-378, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00512.1.","startPage":"370","endPage":"378","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-005777","costCenters":[{"id":435,"text":"National Research Program - Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00512.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270792,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00512.1"},{"id":270791,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=andrillrespub"}],"country":"United States","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516689e3e4b0bba30b388bde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Roger H. rhmorin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Roger","email":"rhmorin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":475236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Trevor","contributorId":70662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Trevor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, Stuart","contributorId":82594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Stuart","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diana Magens and Frank Niessen","contributorId":128028,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Diana Magens and Frank Niessen","id":535449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hansaraj, Dhiresh","contributorId":29713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansaraj","given":"Dhiresh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045136,"text":"70045136 - 2010 - Global earthquake casualties due to secondary effects: A quantitative analysis for improving PAGER losses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-30T17:36:18.835597","indexId":"70045136","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global earthquake casualties due to secondary effects: A quantitative analysis for improving PAGER losses","docAbstract":"This study presents a quantitative and geospatial description of global losses due to earthquake-induced secondary effects, including landslide, liquefaction, tsunami, and fire for events during the past 40 years. These processes are of great importance to the US Geological Survey’s (USGS) Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) system, which is currently being developed to deliver rapid earthquake impact and loss assessments following large/significant global earthquakes. An important question is how dominant are losses due to secondary effects (and under what conditions, and in which regions)? Thus, which of these effects should receive higher priority research efforts in order to enhance PAGER’s overall assessment of earthquakes losses and alerting for the likelihood of secondary impacts? We find that while 21.5% of fatal earthquakes have deaths due to secondary (non-shaking) causes, only rarely are secondary effects the main cause of fatalities. The recent 2004 Great Sumatra–Andaman Islands earthquake is a notable exception, with extraordinary losses due to tsunami. The potential for secondary hazards varies greatly, and systematically, due to regional geologic and geomorphic conditions. Based on our findings, we have built country-specific disclaimers for PAGER that address potential for each hazard (Earle et al., Proceedings of the 14th World Conference of the Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China, 2008). We will now focus on ways to model casualties from secondary effects based on their relative importance as well as their general predictability.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-009-9372-5","usgsCitation":"Marano, K., Wald, D.J., and Allen, T., 2010, Global earthquake casualties due to secondary effects: A quantitative analysis for improving PAGER losses: Natural Hazards, v. 52, p. 319-328, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9372-5.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"328","ipdsId":"IP-007735","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271034,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9372-5"}],"country":"United 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States\"}}]}","volume":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516fc465e4b05024ef3cd400","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marano, Kristin kmarano@usgs.gov","contributorId":3967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marano","given":"Kristin","email":"kmarano@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Trevor I.","contributorId":138667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Trevor","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70169882,"text":"70169882 - 2010 - Using GIS and Google Earth for the creation of the Going-to-the-Sun Road Avalanche Atlas, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-09T14:06:23","indexId":"70169882","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using GIS and Google Earth for the creation of the Going-to-the-Sun Road Avalanche Atlas, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"Snow avalanche paths are key geomorphologic features in Glacier National Park, Montana, and an important component of mountain ecosystems: they are isolated within a larger ecosystem, they are continuously disturbed, and they contain unique physical characteristics (Malanson and Butler, 1984). Avalanches impact subalpine forest structure and function, as well as overall biodiversity (Bebi et al., 2009). Because avalanches are dynamic phenomena, avalanche path geometry and spatial extent depend upon climatic regimes.
The USGS/GNP Avalanche Program formally began in 2003 as an avalanche forecasting program for the spring opening of the ever-popular Going-to-the-Sun Road (GTSR), which crosses through 37 identified avalanche paths. Avalanche safety and forecasting is a necessary part of the GTSR spring opening procedures. An avalanche atlas detailing topographic parameters and oblique photographs was completed for the GTSR corridor in response to a request from GNP personnel for planning and resource management. Using ArcMap 9.2 GIS software, polygons were created for every avalanche path affecting the GTSR using aerial imagery, field-based observations, and GPS measurements of sub-meter accuracy. Spatial attributes for each path were derived within the GIS. Resulting products include an avalanche atlas book for operational use, a geoPDF of the atlas, and a Google Earth flyover illustrating each path and associated photographs. The avalanche atlas aids park management in worker safety, infrastructure planning, and natural resource protection by identifying avalanche path patterns and location. The atlas was created for operational and planning purposes and is also used as a foundation for research such as avalanche ecology projects and avalanche path runout modeling.
","language":"English","publisher":"ISSW","usgsCitation":"Peitzsch, E.H., Fagre, D.B., and Dundas, M., 2010, Using GIS and Google Earth for the creation of the Going-to-the-Sun Road Avalanche Atlas, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, p. 819-823.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"819","endPage":"823","ipdsId":"IP-024664","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328454,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://arc.lib.montana.edu/snow-science/objects/ISSW_P-098.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d3dd3ee4b0571647d19ae4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peitzsch, Erich H. 0000-0001-7624-0455 epeitzsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-0455","contributorId":3786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peitzsch","given":"Erich","email":"epeitzsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dundas, Mark","contributorId":150560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dundas","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16272,"text":"National Park Service, Glacier National Park, West Glacier, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156310,"text":"70156310 - 2010 - Mercury-contaminated hydraulic mining debris in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T14:49:54","indexId":"70156310","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury-contaminated hydraulic mining debris in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"The hydraulic gold-mining process used during the California Gold Rush and in many developing countries today contributes enormous amounts of sediment to rivers and streams. Commonly, accompanying this sediment are contaminants such as elemental mercury and cyanide used in the gold extraction process. We show that some of the mercurycontaminated sediment created by hydraulic gold mining in the Sierra Nevada, between 1852 and 1884, ended up over 250 kilometers (km) away in San Francisco Bay; an example of the far-reaching extent of contamination from such activities.
\nA combination of radionuclide dating, bathymetric reconstruction, and geochemical tracers were used to distinguish the hydraulic mining sediment from sediment deposited in the bay before hydraulic mining started (pre-Gold Rush sediment) and sediment deposited after hydraulic mining stopped (modern sediment). Three San Francisco Bay cores were studied as well as source material from the abandoned hydraulic gold mines and river sediment between the mines and bay. Isotopic and geochemical compositions of the core sediments show a geochemical shift in sediment deposited during the time of hydraulic mining. The geochemical shift is characterized by a decrease in εNd, total organic carbon (TOC), Sr and Ca concentrations, Ca/Sr, and Ni/Zr; and, an increase in 87Sr/86Sr, Al/Ca, Hg concentrations, and quartz/plagioclase. This shift is in the direction of the geochemical signature of sediments from rivers and gold mines in hydraulic mining areas. Mixing calculations using Nd isotopes and concentrations estimate that the hydraulic mining debris comprises up to 56% of the sediment in core sediments deposited during the time of hydraulic mining. The surface sediment of cores taken in 1990 were found to contain up to 43% hydraulic mining debris, reflecting a continuing remobilization and redistribution of the debris within the bay and transport from the watershed.
\nMercury concentrations in pre-Gold Rush sediment range between 0.03 and 0.08 μg g-1. In core sediments that have characteristics of the gold deposits and were deposited during the time of hydraulic mining, mercury concentrations can be up to 0.45 μg/g. Modern sediment (post-1952 deposition) contains mercury concentrations up to 0.79 μg/g and is likely a mix of hydraulic mining mercury and mercury introduced from other sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Muir Institute of the Environment","usgsCitation":"Bouse, R.M., Fuller, C.C., Luoma, S.N., Hornberger, M.I., Jaffe, B.E., and Smith, R., 2010, Mercury-contaminated hydraulic mining debris in San Francisco Bay: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 8, no. 1, p. 1-28.","productDescription":"ii, 28 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306947,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15j0b0z4"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay, San Pablo Bay, Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.200927734375,\n 36.910372213522535\n ],\n [\n -123.804931640625,\n 39.15136267949032\n ],\n [\n -120.58593749999999,\n 39.838068180000015\n ],\n [\n -120.50354003906249,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -122.200927734375,\n 36.910372213522535\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8b2e4b0518e3546a4d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouse, Robin M.","contributorId":27076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouse","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C.","contributorId":146651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Richard E.","contributorId":146652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70044251,"text":"70044251 - 2010 - Long-term variability in Northern Hemisphere snow cover and associations with warmer winters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-12T12:08:05","indexId":"70044251","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term variability in Northern Hemisphere snow cover and associations with warmer winters","docAbstract":"A monthly snow accumulation and melt model is used with gridded monthly temperature and precipitation data for the Northern Hemisphere to generate time series of March snow-covered area (SCA) for the period 1905 through 2002. The time series of estimated SCA for March is verified by comparison with previously published time series of SCA for the Northern Hemisphere. The time series of estimated Northern Hemisphere March SCA shows a substantial decrease since about 1970, and this decrease corresponds to an increase in mean winter Northern Hemisphere temperature. The increase in winter temperature has caused a decrease in the fraction of precipitation that occurs as snow and an increase in snowmelt for some parts of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly the mid-latitudes, thus reducing snow packs and March SCA. In addition, the increase in winter temperature and the decreases in SCA appear to be associated with a contraction of the circumpolar vortex and a poleward movement of storm tracks, resulting in decreased precipitation (and snow) in the low- to mid-latitudes and an increase in precipitation (and snow) in high latitudes. If Northern Hemisphere winter temperatures continue to warm as they have since the 1970s, then March SCA will likely continue to decrease.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-009-9675-2","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Wolock, D.M., 2010, Long-term variability in Northern Hemisphere snow cover and associations with warmer winters: Climatic Change, v. 99, no. 1-2, p. 141-153, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9675-2.","startPage":"141","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-005695","costCenters":[{"id":435,"text":"National Research Program - Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270852,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9675-2"}],"country":"United States","volume":"99","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd64ffe4b0b290850ffced","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98978,"text":"ofr20101153 - 2010 - Geophysical investigations at Hidden Dam, Raymond, California — Flow simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T18:25:47.206962","indexId":"ofr20101153","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1153","title":"Geophysical investigations at Hidden Dam, Raymond, California — Flow simulations","docAbstract":"Numerical flow modeling and analysis of observation-well data at Hidden Dam are carried out to supplement recent geophysical field investigations at the site (Minsley and others, 2010). This work also is complementary to earlier seepage-related studies at Hidden Dam documented by Cedergren (1980a, b). Known seepage areas on the northwest right abutment area of the downstream side of the dam was documented by Cedergren (1980a, b). Subsequent to the 1980 seepage study, a drainage blanket with a sub-drain system was installed to mitigate downstream seepage. Flow net analysis provided by Cedergren (1980a, b) suggests that the primary seepage mechanism involves flow through the dam foundation due to normal reservoir pool elevations, which results in upflow that intersects the ground surface in several areas on the downstream side of the dam. In addition to the reservoir pool elevations and downstream surface topography, flow is also controlled by the existing foundation geology as well as the presence or absence of a horizontal drain in the downstream portion of the dam.\r\nThe current modeling study is aimed at quantifying how variability in dam and foundation hydrologic properties influences seepage as a function of reservoir stage. Flow modeling is implemented using the COMSOL Multiphysics software package, which solves the partially saturated flow equations in a two-dimensional (2D) cross-section of Hidden Dam that also incorporates true downstream topography. Use of the COMSOL software package provides a more quantitative approach than the flow net analysis by Cedergren (1980a, b), and allows for rapid evaluation of the influence of various parameters such as reservoir level, dam structure and geometry, and hydrogeologic properties of the dam and foundation materials. Historical observation-well data are used to help validate the flow simulations by comparing observed and predicted water levels for a range of reservoir elevations. The flow models are guided by, and discussed in the context of, the geophysical work (Minsley and others, 2010) where appropriate.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101153","usgsCitation":"Minsley, B.J., and Ikard, S., 2010, Geophysical investigations at Hidden Dam, Raymond, California — Flow simulations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1153, x, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101153.","productDescription":"x, 64 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1153.png"},{"id":14412,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1153/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403938,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94718.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Raymond","otherGeospatial":"Hidden Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.89465713500975,\n 37.09927677569606\n ],\n [\n -119.87723350524902,\n 37.09927677569606\n ],\n [\n -119.87723350524902,\n 37.1165261849112\n ],\n [\n -119.89465713500975,\n 37.1165261849112\n ],\n [\n -119.89465713500975,\n 37.09927677569606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c486","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ikard, Scott","contributorId":14779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikard","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98977,"text":"fs20103116 - 2010 - Airborne volcanic ash; a global threat to aviation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-22T09:38:33","indexId":"fs20103116","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3116","title":"Airborne volcanic ash; a global threat to aviation","docAbstract":"The world's busy air traffic corridors pass over or downwind of hundreds of volcanoes capable of hazardous explosive eruptions. The risk to aviation from volcanic activity is significant - in the United States alone, aircraft carry about 300,000 passengers and hundreds of millions of dollars of cargo near active volcanoes each day. Costly disruption of flight operations in Europe and North America in 2010 in the wake of a moderate-size eruption in Iceland clearly demonstrates how eruptions can have global impacts on the aviation industry. Airborne volcanic ash can be a serious hazard to aviation even hundreds of miles from an eruption. Encounters with high-concentration ash clouds can diminish visibility, damage flight control systems, and cause jet engines to fail. Encounters with low-concentration clouds of volcanic ash and aerosols can accelerate wear on engine and aircraft components, resulting in premature replacement. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with national and international partners, is playing a leading role in the international effort to reduce the risk posed to aircraft by volcanic eruptions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20103116","usgsCitation":"Neal, C., and Guffanti, M.C., 2010, Airborne volcanic ash; a global threat to aviation: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3116, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103116.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":115900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3116.gif"},{"id":14410,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":278312,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3116/fs2010-3116.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db691503","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":82660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guffanti, Marianne C. guffanti@usgs.gov","contributorId":641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"Marianne","email":"guffanti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98979,"text":"gip117 - 2010 - Eruptions of Hawaiian volcanoes—Past, present, and future","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7000007,"text":"7000007 - 1987 - Eruptions of Hawaiian volcanoes : past, present, and future","indexId":"7000007","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Eruptions of Hawaiian volcanoes : past, present, and future"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":98979,"text":"gip117 - 2010 - Eruptions of Hawaiian volcanoes—Past, present, and future","indexId":"gip117","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Eruptions of Hawaiian volcanoes—Past, present, and future"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T12:42:38.757137","indexId":"gip117","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"117","displayTitle":"Eruptions of Hawaiian Volcanoes—Past, Present, and Future","title":"Eruptions of Hawaiian volcanoes—Past, present, and future","docAbstract":"Viewing an erupting volcano is a memorable experience, one that has inspired fear, superstition, worship, curiosity, and fascination since before the dawn of civilization. In modern times, volcanic phenomena have attracted intense scientific interest because they provide the key to understanding processes that have created and shaped more than 80 percent of the Earth’s surface. The active Hawaiian volcanoes have received special attention worldwide because of their frequent spectacular eruptions, which often can be viewed and studied with relative ease and safety.
In January 1987, the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), then located on the caldera rim of Kīlauea, celebrated its 75th anniversary. To honor this anniversary, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) published Professional Paper 1350, a comprehensive summary of the many studies on Hawaiian volcanism by USGS and other scientists through the mid-1980s. Drawing from the wealth of data contained in that volume, the USGS also published in 1987 the original edition of this general-interest booklet, focusing on selected aspects of the eruptive history, style, and products of two of the State of Hawaii’s active volcanoes—Kīlauea and Mauna Loa. A second edition of the booklet was published in 2010 to commemorate the Centennial of HVO (which occurred in January 2012), summarizing abundant new information gained since the January 1983 onset of Kīlauea’s middle East Rift Zone eruption at Pu‘u‘ō‘ō and the March 2008 beginning of Kīlauea’s summit lava-lake activity within Halema‘uma‘u. In this third edition, we include highlights from Kīlauea’s subsequent activity, including the 2018 eruption in the lower East Rift Zone—the largest and most destructive in at least 200 years—and associated summit-collapse events, the eruptions at Kīlauea’s summit since 2018, and the 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa, which occurred after 38 years of quiescence. It also considers new data leading to an improved history of Kīlauea’s explosive activity in the recent geologic past.
This general-interest booklet is a companion to the one on Mount St. Helens volcano (southwestern Washington) first published in 1984, revised in 1990. Together, these publications illustrate the contrast between the two main types of volcanoes: shield volcanoes, such as those in the State of Hawaii, which generally are nonexplosive to weakly explosive; and composite volcanoes, such as Mount St. Helens in the Cascade Range, which generally erupt explosively.
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\"}}]}","edition":"ver. 1.0: 1987; ver. 2.0: 2010, ver. 3.0: 2024","contact":"Contact HVO
Volcano Science Center, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1266 Kamehameha Avenue
Suite A-8
Hilo, HI 96720
Human pressures on the natural resources of the United States have resulted in many unintended changes in our ecosystems, e.g., loss of biodiversity, habitat degradation, increases in the number of endangered species, and increases in contamination and water pollution. Environmental managers are concerned about broad-scale changes in land use and landscape pattern and their cumulative impact on hydrologic and ecological processes that affect stream conditions. The type of land use and land cover has direct consequences for most ecosystem services, including water quantity and water quality, erosion control, and biodiversity. As human pressure continues to increase, ecosystem services worldwide are projected to suffer continued loss and degradation, thus reducing the capacity of ecosystems to provide essential goods and services that contribute to human well-being (MEA 2005). The ability to assess, report, and forecast the life support functions of ecosystems is absolutely critical to our capacity to make informed decisions which will maintain the sustainable nature of our environmental services and secure these resources into the future. This study presents an integrated approach to identify areas with potential water quality problems as a result of land cover change projected by stakeholders within a moderately large river basin in the Pacific Northwest (USA). A process-based hydrologic watershed model was used to examine the contribution of land use/land cover to sediment yield, and nitrate and phosphorous loadings, and identify subwatersheds within the Willamette River basin that would be most affected in the year 2050 relative to three possible future scenarios which include inherent differences related to conservation, existing planning trends, and open development. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of alternative future scenarios that describe varying degrees of urban development and human use on hydrological response related to water quality. Results of this study suggest that the amount of forest along streams and agriculture consistently explained a high percentage of variation in nutrients. The AGWA-SWAT model was used to simulate change in sediment yield, nitrate and phosphorus transported with surface runoff for the three future scenarios. With regard to nitrate, the greatest increase was associated with subwatersheds with agricultural land use and urban areas. Although the model predicted some improvement in basin headwaters for all scenarios, nitrate loadings are expected to decrease under the conservation scenario. The largest decrease was observed in the Coast Range. With regard to phosphorous loadings, the lowest reduction was observed in subwatersheds draining predominantly forest areas. The greatest increase was observed under the open development scenario in subwatersheds with agricultural land use. Urbanization and agriculture are presumed to be the major environmental stressors affecting watershed condition of the Willamette River Basin.
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G.","contributorId":224333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodrich","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529 dsemmens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":1714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius","email":"dsemmens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192277,"text":"70192277 - 2010 - Effects of groundwater-flow paths on nitrate concentrations across two riparian forest corridors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T10:12:54","indexId":"70192277","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of groundwater-flow paths on nitrate concentrations across two riparian forest corridors","docAbstract":"Groundwater levels, apparent age, and chemistry from field sites and groundwater-flow modeling of hypothetical aquifers collectively indicate that groundwater-flow paths contribute to differences in nitrate concentrations across riparian corridors. At sites in Virginia (one coastal and one Piedmont), lowland forested wetlands separate upland fields from nearby surface waters (an estuary and a stream). At the coastal site, nitrate concentrations near the water table decreased from more than 10 mg/L beneath fields to 2 mg/L beneath a riparian forest buffer because recharge through the buffer forced water with concentrations greater than 5 mg/L to flow deeper beneath the buffer. Diurnal changes in groundwater levels up to 0.25 meters at the coastal site reflect flow from the water table into unsaturated soil where roots remove water and nitrate dissolved in it. Decreases in aquifer thickness caused by declines in the water table and decreases in horizontal hydraulic gradients from the uplands to the wetlands indicate that more than 95% of the groundwater discharged to the wetlands. Such discharge through organic soil can reduce nitrate concentrations by denitrification. Model simulations are consistent with field results, showing downward flow approaching toe slopes and surface waters to which groundwater discharges. These effects show the importance of buffer placement over use of fixed-width, streamside buffers to control nitrate concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00427.x","usgsCitation":"Speiran, G.K., 2010, Effects of groundwater-flow paths on nitrate concentrations across two riparian forest corridors: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 46, no. 2, p. 246-260, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00427.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"260","ipdsId":"IP-011818","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"46","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05126e4b0220bbd9a1dcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speiran, Gary K. 0000-0002-6505-1170 gspeiran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6505-1170","contributorId":3233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speiran","given":"Gary","email":"gspeiran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70193263,"text":"70193263 - 2010 - Storm surge modeling and applications in coastal areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-05T15:14:28","indexId":"70193263","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Storm surge modeling and applications in coastal areas","docAbstract":"This chapter introduces the reader to a wide spectrum of storm surge modeling systems used to assess the impact of tropical cyclones, covering a range of numerical methods, model domains, forcing and boundary conditions, and purposes. New technologies to obtain data such as deployment of temporary sensors and remote sensing practices to support modeling are also presented. Extensive storm surge modeling applications have been made with existing modeling systems and some of them are described in this chapter.
The authors recognize the importance of evaluating river-ocean interactions in coastal environments during tropical cyclones. Therefore, the coupling of hydraulic (riverine) and storm surge models is discussed. In addition, results from studies performed in the coast of India are shown which generated maps to help emergency managers and reduce risk due to coastal inundation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"World Scientific Series on Asia-Pacific Weather and Climate","language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific Publishing Co","doi":"10.1142/9789814293488_0012","usgsCitation":"Dube, S.K., Murty, T.S., Feyen, J.C., Cabrera, R., Harper, B.A., Bales, J.D., and Amer, S., 2010, Storm surge modeling and applications in coastal areas, chap. of World Scientific Series on Asia-Pacific Weather and Climate, v. 4, p. 363-406, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814293488_0012.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"406","ipdsId":"IP-008464","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610a95e4b06e28e9c256b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dube, Shisir K.","contributorId":199237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dube","given":"Shisir","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murty, Tad S.","contributorId":199238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murty","given":"Tad","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feyen, Jesse C.","contributorId":199236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feyen","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cabrera, Reggina","contributorId":201161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cabrera","given":"Reggina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harper, Bruce A.","contributorId":201162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harper","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Amer, Saud A. samer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amer","given":"Saud A.","email":"samer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":349,"text":"International Water Resources Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70198262,"text":"70198262 - 2010 - Erosion of tilted fault blocks and deposition of coarse sediments in half-graben basins during late stages of extension: Gold Butte area, Basin and Range Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T10:53:57","indexId":"70198262","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosion of tilted fault blocks and deposition of coarse sediments in half-graben basins during late stages of extension: Gold Butte area, Basin and Range Province","docAbstract":"The provenance and stratigraphic architecture of basin-filling Miocene sediments around the Gold Butte area, southern Nevada, and adjacent highlands record the erosion of fault blocks that progressively tilted during extension. This study focuses especially on upper Miocene correlatives of the red sandstone unit and the Muddy Creek Formation that were deposited during waning stages of extension. Upper parts of the underlying middle Miocene Horse Spring Formation are also addressed. The large east-tilted South Virgin–White Hills block, including the Gold Butte block, was the primary source of coarse detritus into the adjacent half-graben basins on both sides. Voluminous, very coarse-grained sediments were shed eastward down the back slope of this tilt block into the Grand Wash Trough. This suggests that there were large middle and late Miocene catchments on that side of the block, possibly inherited from a gentler dip slope early in the tilting history. The block uplifted and tilted during slip on the west-dipping South Virgin–White Hills normal fault that bounds the west side of the block. Its exposed footwall shed coarse-grained debris to the west. While the fault was active, this debris included rock-avalanche megabreccias. Longitudinal transport of coarse-grained sediment also occurred along the axes of basins on both sides of the block.
In the late Miocene, fault death at ca. 10 Ma followed rotation of the South Virgin–White Hills fault, and the along-strike Quail Spring fault, from initial dips >55° to dips <30°. This cessation of faulting coincided with and likely caused an eastward shift in locus of faulting to the steeper Wheeler fault system. Coarse sediment shed from the South Virgin–White Hills tilt block gradually declined as deformation waned and limestone-rich sedimentation expanded onto the basin margins against the block. Where the rising sedimentary fills eventually bridged across the block and connected basins on either side, these bridge sites served to focus later integrated regional drainage—the Pliocene Colorado River.
Progressive Miocene tilting of the highland block would have broadened its structural footwall on the west and narrowed its east-dipping back slope. Migration of the drainage divide by erosion and piracy, influenced by changing tilt slopes, can explain the modern position of the divide in the Gold Butte block as one that separates drainage roughly equally down the two sides.
","largerWorkTitle":"Miocene Tectonics of the Lake Mead Region, Central Basin and Range","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2010.2463(07)","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., Beard, S., Kuntz, M.A., Kunk, M.J., Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., Perkins, M.E., and Lucchitta, I., 2010, Erosion of tilted fault blocks and deposition of coarse sediments in half-graben basins during late stages of extension: Gold Butte area, Basin and Range Province: GSA Special Papers, v. 463, p. 147-170, https://doi.org/10.1130/2010.2463(07).","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"170","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","volume":"463","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b690e4b0702d0e844c16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beard, Sue 0000-0001-9552-1893 sbeard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9552-1893","contributorId":167711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"Sue","email":"sbeard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuntz, M. A.","contributorId":33323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuntz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":740792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. 0000-0002-0244-9149 asarna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":1046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"Andrei","email":"asarna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":740793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perkins, M. E.","contributorId":92707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lucchitta, Ivo","contributorId":94291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Ivo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70193895,"text":"70193895 - 2010 - Comparison of atmospheric mercury speciation and deposition at nine sites across central and eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T20:10:12.434219","indexId":"70193895","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of atmospheric mercury speciation and deposition at nine sites across central and eastern North America","docAbstract":"This study presents >5 cumulative years of tropospheric mercury (Hg) speciation measurements, over the period of 2003–2009, for eight sites in the central and eastern United States and one site in coastal Puerto Rico. The purpose of this research was to identify local and regional processes that impact Hg speciation and deposition (wet + dry) across a large swath of North America. Sites sampled were selected to represent both\na wide range of mercury exposure and environmental conditions. Seasonal mean concentrations of elemental Hg (1.27 ± 0.31 to 2.94 ± 1.57 ng m−3; x ± s), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM; 1.5 ± 1.6 to 63.3 ± 529 pg m−3), and fine particulate Hg\n(1.2 ± 1.4 to 37.9 ± 492 pg m−3) were greatest at sites impacted by Hg point sources. Diel bin plots of Hgo and RGM suggest control by a variety of local/regional processes including impacts from Hg point sources and boundary layer/free tropospheric interactions as well as from larger‐scale processes affecting Hg speciation (i.e., input of the global Hg pool, RGM formed from oxidation of Hgo by photochemical compounds at coastal sites, and elemental Hg depletion during periods of dew formation). Comparison of wet Hg deposition (measured), RGM and fine particulate Hg dry deposition (calculated using a multiple resistance model), and anthropogenic point source emissions varied significantly between sites. Significant correlation between emission sources and dry deposition\nwas observed but was highly dependant upon inclusion of data from two sites with exceptionally high deposition. Findings from this study highlight the importance of environmental setting on atmospheric Hg cycling and deposition rates.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010JD014064","usgsCitation":"Engle, M.A., Tate, M., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Schauer, J.J., Kolker, A., Shanley, J.B., and Bothner, M., 2010, Comparison of atmospheric mercury speciation and deposition at nine sites across central and eastern North America: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 115, no. D18, D18306; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014064.","productDescription":"D18306; 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-016936","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475628,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/3949","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348432,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.908203125,\n 24.046463999666567\n ],\n [\n -57.65624999999999,\n 24.046463999666567\n ],\n [\n -57.65624999999999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -105.908203125,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -105.908203125,\n 24.046463999666567\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"D18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425f2e4b0dc0b45b456fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tate, Michael T. 0000-0003-1525-1219 mttate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1525-1219","contributorId":3144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"Michael T.","email":"mttate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - 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2010 - Methods based on surface-water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T17:29:14.385031","indexId":"70189957","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Methods based on surface-water data","docAbstract":"Streamflow data are commonly used to estimate recharge rates in humid and subhumid regions, in part because of the abundance of streamflow data and the availability of computer programs for analyzing those data. Most of the methods described in this chapter are easy to use, but application of any of the methods should be accompanied by a careful analysis of the underlying assumptions. The methods estimate exchange rates between groundwater and surface-water bodies. That exchange can represent focused recharge from a losing stream, or, as in the case of groundwater discharge to a stream, the exchange can reflect diffuse recharge that occurs over widespread areas. Some of these methods may be unfamiliar to groundwater hydrologists because they were not developed specifically for the study of groundwater recharge; instead, they were developed for purposes such as sizing of culverts and bridge openings, predicting low-flow rates in streams, or developing an understanding of stream-water quality and the ability of a stream to assimilate solutes and contaminants. The fact that base-flow or recharge estimates are generated as byproducts of these methods does not diminish the usefulness or applicability of the methods in recharge studies.
Techniques presented herein include the stream water-budget method, seepage meters, Darcy methods, streamflow duration curves, traditional streamflow hydrograph analyses (including hydrograph separation and recession-curve displacement), and chemical and isotopic hydrograph separation techniques. Some of these methods are designed specifically for estimating focused recharge; others are for estimating diffuse recharge. Discussions are centered on groundwater movement to or from streams, but the principles discussed and the methods described are equally applicable for groundwater exchange with other surface-water bodies, such as lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands. Proper application of any method requires a good conceptual model of the hydrologic system and a solid understanding of underlying assumptions. Prior to presentation of individual methods, background discussions are given on the exchange of groundwater and surface water and on the relationship between base flow and recharge. These discussions illustrate assumptions inherent to the methods and provide some guidelines for assessing the validity of those assumptions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating groundwater recharge","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511780745.005","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., 2010, Methods based on surface-water data, chap. 4 of Estimating groundwater recharge, p. 74-96, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511780745.005.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"96","ipdsId":"IP-012364","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59819317e4b0e2f5d463b7ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70192278,"text":"70192278 - 2010 - Increasing precision of turbidity-based suspended sediment concentration and load estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T10:07:58","indexId":"70192278","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increasing precision of turbidity-based suspended sediment concentration and load estimates","docAbstract":"Turbidity is an effective tool for estimating and monitoring suspended sediments in aquatic systems. Turbidity can be measured in situ remotely and at fine temporal scales as a surrogate for suspended sediment concentration (SSC), providing opportunity for a more complete record of SSC than is possible with physical sampling approaches. However, there is variability in turbidity-based SSC estimates and in sediment loadings calculated from those estimates. This study investigated the potential to improve turbidity-based SSC, and by extension the resulting sediment loading estimates, by incorporating hydrologic variables that can be monitored remotely and continuously (typically 15-min intervals) into the SSC estimation procedure. On the Roanoke River in southwestern Virginia, hydrologic stage, turbidity, and other water-quality parameters were monitored with in situ instrumentation; suspended sediments were sampled manually during elevated turbidity events; samples were analyzed for SSC and physical properties including particle-size distribution and organic C content; and rainfall was quantified by geologic source area. The study identified physical properties of the suspended-sediment samples that contribute to SSC estimation variance and hydrologic variables that explained variability of those physical properties. Results indicated that the inclusion of any of the measured physical properties in turbidity-based SSC estimation models reduces unexplained variance. Further, the use of hydrologic variables to represent these physical properties, along with turbidity, resulted in a model, relying solely on data collected remotely and continuously, that estimated SSC with less variance than a conventional turbidity-based univariate model, allowing a more precise estimate of sediment loading. Modeling results are consistent with known mechanisms governing sediment transport in hydrologic systems.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","doi":"10.2134/jeq2009.0280","usgsCitation":"Jastram, J.D., Zipper, C.E., Zelanzny, L.W., and Hyer, K., 2010, Increasing precision of turbidity-based suspended sediment concentration and load estimates: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 39, no. 4, p. 1306-1316, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2009.0280.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1306","endPage":"1316","ipdsId":"IP-018525","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Roanoke 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\"}}]}","volume":"39","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05126e4b0220bbd9a1dca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jastram, John D. 0000-0002-9416-3358 jdjastra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-3358","contributorId":3531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jastram","given":"John","email":"jdjastra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zipper, Carl E.","contributorId":198104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zipper","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zelanzny, Lucian W.","contributorId":198105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zelanzny","given":"Lucian","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hyer, Kenneth 0000-0002-7156-7472 kenhyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7156-7472","contributorId":173409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyer","given":"Kenneth","email":"kenhyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189356,"text":"70189356 - 2010 - Topographic evolution of sandbars: Flume experiment and computational modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T15:17:34","indexId":"70189356","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Topographic evolution of sandbars: Flume experiment and computational modeling","docAbstract":"Measurements of sandbar formation and evolution were carried out in a laboratory flume and the topographic characteristics of these barforms were compared to predictions from a computational flow and sediment transport model with bed evolution. The flume experiment produced sandbars with approximate mode 2, whereas numerical simulations produced a bed morphology better approximated as alternate bars, mode 1. In addition, bar formation occurred more rapidly in the laboratory channel than for the model channel. This paper focuses on a steady-flow laboratory experiment without upstream sediment supply. Future experiments will examine the effects of unsteady flow and sediment supply and the use of numerical models to\r\nsimulate the response of barform topography to these influences.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2nd Joint Federal Interagency Conference","conferenceDate":"June 27 - July 1, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Joint Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference 2010","usgsCitation":"Kinzel, P.J., Nelson, J.M., McDonald, R.R., and Logan, B., 2010, Topographic evolution of sandbars: Flume experiment and computational modeling, 2nd Joint Federal Interagency Conference, Las Vegas, NV, June 27 - July 1, 2010, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-019939","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343599,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343596,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965bfc6e4b0d1f9f05b3929","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinzel, Paul J. 0000-0002-6076-9730 pjkinzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-9730","contributorId":743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"Paul","email":"pjkinzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Logan, Brandy L. blogan@usgs.gov","contributorId":168305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Brandy L.","email":"blogan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":25245,"text":"USGS, Golden, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193380,"text":"70193380 - 2010 - Trait-based approaches in the analysis of stream fish communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-05T13:54:31","indexId":"70193380","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Trait-based approaches in the analysis of stream fish communities","docAbstract":"Species traits are used to study the functional organization of fish communities for a range of reasons, from simply reducing data dimensionality to providing mechanistic explanations for observed variation in communities. Ecological and life history traits have been used to understand the basic ecology of fishes and predict (1) species and community responses to habitat and climate alteration, and (2) species extinction, species invasion, and community homogenization. Many approaches in this arena have been developed during the past three decades, but they often have not been integrated with related ecological concepts or subdisciplines, which has led to confusion in terminology. We review 102 studies of species traits and then summarize patterns in traits being used and questions being addressed with trait-based approaches. Overall, studies of fish–habitat relationships that apply habitat templates and hierarchical filters dominate our sample; the most frequently used traits are related to feeding. We define and show the relationships among key terms such as fundamental and realized niches; functional traits, performance, and fitness; tactic, trait-state, syndromes, and strategies; and guilds and functional groups. We propose accelerating research to (1) quantify trait plasticity, (2) identify traits useful for testing ecological hypotheses, (3) model habitat and biotic interactions in communities while explicitly accounting for phylogenetic relationships, (4) explore how traits control community assembly, and (5) document the importance of traits in fish– community responses to anthropogenic change and in delivering ecosystem services. Further synthesis of these topics is still needed to develop concepts, models, and principles that can unify the disparate approaches taken in trait-based analysis of fish communities, link fish community ecology to general community ecology, and inform sustainable management of ecosystems.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","usgsCitation":"Frimpong, E., and Angermeier, P.L., 2010, Trait-based approaches in the analysis of stream fish communities, in American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 73, p. 109-136.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"136","ipdsId":"IP-019340","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"73","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610a95e4b06e28e9c256af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frimpong, Emmanuel","contributorId":177999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frimpong","given":"Emmanuel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X biota@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":166679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189959,"text":"70189959 - 2010 - Mechanics and modeling of flow, sediment transport and morphologic change in riverine lateral separation zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T11:05:33","indexId":"70189959","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mechanics and modeling of flow, sediment transport and morphologic change in riverine lateral separation zones","docAbstract":"Lateral separation zones or eddies in rivers are critically important features for sediment storage and for a variety of roles they play in riparian and aquatic ecology. As part of a larger effort to predict the morphology of lateral separation zones in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon for a selection of sediment supply and discharge scenarios, we evaluated the performance of two modeling techniques for predicting flow, sediment transport, and morphodynamics in eddies using field data. In order to understand the relative roles of various exchange mechanisms between the main channel and eddies, we applied two-dimensional unsteady and three-dimensional unsteady models in a reach containing a lateral separation zone. Both models were developed, calibrated, and evaluated using detailed field data comprising acoustic-Doppler velocity measurements, water-surface elevations, sediment concentration by size class, and bathymetry measured during a flood event in the Colorado River. Model results and measurements are used to develop a better understanding of the mechanics of water and sediment exchange between the eddy and the mainstem and other factors that control the morphology of the reach.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd joint federal interagency conference (9th federal interagency sedimentation conference and 4th federal interagency hydrologic modeling conference)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2nd Joint Federal Interagency Conference (9th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference and 4th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference)","conferenceDate":"June 27 – July 1, 2010 ","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Advisory Committee on Water Information","usgsCitation":"Logan, B., Nelson, J.M., McDonald, R.R., and Wright, S., 2010, Mechanics and modeling of flow, sediment transport and morphologic change in riverine lateral separation zones, in Proceedings of the 2nd joint federal interagency conference (9th federal interagency sedimentation conference and 4th federal interagency hydrologic modeling conference), Las Vegas, NV, June 27 – July 1, 2010 , 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-020177","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345329,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.1427001953125,\n 35.46514408578589\n ],\n [\n -110.74218749999999,\n 35.46514408578589\n ],\n [\n -110.74218749999999,\n 37.00693943418586\n ],\n [\n -113.1427001953125,\n 37.00693943418586\n ],\n [\n -113.1427001953125,\n 35.46514408578589\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a7ced3e4b0fd9b77d092ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Logan, Brandy L. blogan@usgs.gov","contributorId":168305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Brandy L.","email":"blogan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":25245,"text":"USGS, Golden, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192423,"text":"70192423 - 2010 - GAGES: A stream gage database for evaluating natural and alteredflow conditions in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T12:12:51","indexId":"70192423","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GAGES: A stream gage database for evaluating natural and alteredflow conditions in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Stream flow is a controlling element in the ecology of rivers and streams. Knowledge of the natural flow regime facilitates the assessment of whether specific hydrologic attributes have been altered by humans in a particular stream and the establishment of specific goals for stream-flow restoration. Because most streams are ungaged or have been altered by human influences, characterizing the natural flow regime is often only possible by estimating flow characteristics based on nearby stream gages of reference quality, i.e., gaged locations that are least disturbed by human influences. The ability to evaluate natural stream flow, that which is not altered by human activities, would be enhanced by the existence of a nationally consistent and up-to-date database of gages in relatively undisturbed watersheds.\nAs part of a national effort to characterize stream-flow effects on ecological condition, data for 6785 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gages and their upstream watersheds were compiled. The sites comprise all USGS stream gages in the conterminous United States with at least 20 years of complete-year flow record from 1950–2007, and for which watershed boundaries could reliably be delineated (median size ¼ 578 km2). Several hundred watershed and site characteristics were calculated or compiled from national data sources, including environmental features (e.g., climate, geology, soils, topography) and anthropogenic influences (e.g., land use, roads, presence of dams, or canals).\nIn addition, watersheds were assessed for their reference quality within nine broad regions for use in studies intended to characterize stream flows under conditions minimally influenced by human activities. Three primary criteria were used to assess reference quality: (1) a quantitative index of anthropogenic modification within the watershed based on GIS-derived variables, (2) visual inspection of every stream gage and drainage basin from recent high-resolution imagery and topographic maps, and (3) information about man-made influences from USGS Annual Water Data Reports. From the set of 6785 sites, we identified 1512 as reference-quality stream gages. All data derived for these watersheds as well as the reference condition evaluation are provided as an online data set termed GAGES (geospatial attributes of gages for evaluating stream flow).","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/09-0889.1","usgsCitation":"Falcone, J.A., Carlisle, D.M., Wolock, D.M., and Meador, M., 2010, GAGES: A stream gage database for evaluating natural and alteredflow conditions in the conterminous United States: Ecology, v. 91, no. 2, p. 621-621, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0889.1.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"621","ipdsId":"IP-010360","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0889.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"91","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610a96e4b06e28e9c256b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falcone, James A. 0000-0001-7202-3592 jfalcone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7202-3592","contributorId":173496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"James","email":"jfalcone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":715776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meador, Michael R. mrmeador@usgs.gov","contributorId":615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael R.","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194455,"text":"70194455 - 2010 - Developing a spatially distributed terrestrial biogeochemical cycle modeling system to support the management of Fort Benning and its surrounding areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T09:17:36","indexId":"70194455","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"SERDP Project RC-1462","title":"Developing a spatially distributed terrestrial biogeochemical cycle modeling system to support the management of Fort Benning and its surrounding areas","docAbstract":"The overarching goal of this project is to develop an advanced, spatially distributed biogeochemical cycle modeling system to simulate the dynamics of ecosystem C and N cycles under historical, current, and future land use and disturbances scenarios. The modeling system and simulated results were used to facilitate the evaluation of the environmental consequences of various training and management activities and, therefore, to support future land use and training operations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Defense","usgsCitation":"Liu, S., Tieszen, L.L., Zhao, S., Li, Z., and Liu, J., 2010, Developing a spatially distributed terrestrial biogeochemical cycle modeling system to support the management of Fort Benning and its surrounding areas, 77 p.","productDescription":"77 p.","ipdsId":"IP-020436","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349510,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA578897"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.08224487304688,\n 32.21628671904614\n ],\n [\n -84.55352783203125,\n 32.21628671904614\n ],\n [\n -84.55352783203125,\n 32.59426298812166\n ],\n [\n -85.08224487304688,\n 32.59426298812166\n ],\n [\n -85.08224487304688,\n 32.21628671904614\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610a95e4b06e28e9c256ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry L. tieszen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","email":"tieszen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":724016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhao, Shuqing","contributorId":9152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"Shuqing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Zhen","contributorId":200957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Zhen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Jinxun 0000-0003-0561-8988 jxliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-8988","contributorId":3414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinxun","email":"jxliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189937,"text":"70189937 - 2010 - Aquifer characteristics near cuestas and their relation to rock tensile strength","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-01T14:42:02","indexId":"70189937","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Aquifer characteristics near cuestas and their relation to rock tensile strength","docAbstract":"Along the northeast coast of North America, extensional tectonic processes have generated lithologic and topographic features that are common to several rift basins. A cap of igneous rock overlies sedimentary rock to form a cuesta with both rock types exposed along a steep ridge flank. Field studies investigating the near‐surface hydrogeologic properties of the caprocks at several of these sites have reported a narrow range of results; some fractured rocks form modest aquifers whereas others do not. To examine this behavior in terms of geomechanical responses to gravitational stresses imposed near ridges, a finite‐element model is presented that incorporates the geometry of a ridge‐valley configuration and its major structural elements. Model simulations reflect the effects of a lack of buttressing along free faces and a contrast in Poisson's ratios between the superposed igneous and sedimentary rocks. Three‐dimensional Mohr's circles are constructed from principal stress magnitudes and directions to evaluate the response of individual fracture planes to this stress state. Results depict a predominantly tensional stress environment where numerous pre‐existing fractures may be favorably aligned for opening and enhanced caprock permeability. However, the lack of conclusive field evidence to support this hypothesis suggests that the in situ tensile strength of the fractured rock mass is substantial enough to resist failure by shear or dilation, and that critically‐stressed fracture planes do not convey large volumes of groundwater in ridge‐valley settings.","conferenceTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2010","conferenceDate":"April 11-15, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Keystone, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geologists","doi":"10.4133/1.3445520","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., and Schulz, W.H., 2010, Aquifer characteristics near cuestas and their relation to rock tensile strength, Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2010, Keystone, CO, April 11-15, 2010, p. 801-806, https://doi.org/10.4133/1.3445520.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"801","endPage":"806","ipdsId":"IP-020794","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59819317e4b0e2f5d463b7af","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LoCoco, James","contributorId":195411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LoCoco","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":707029,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Roger H. rhmorin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Roger","email":"rhmorin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":706817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, William H. 0000-0001-9980-3580 wschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9980-3580","contributorId":942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"William","email":"wschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003516,"text":"70003516 - 2010 - Estimating carcass persistence and scavenging bias in a human‐influenced landscape in western Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T20:19:33.552485","indexId":"70003516","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating carcass persistence and scavenging bias in a human‐influenced landscape in western Alaska","docAbstract":"We examined variation in persistence rates of waterfowl carcasses placed along a series of transects in tundra habitats in western Alaska. This study was designed to assess the effects of existing tower structures and was replicated with separate trials in winter, summer and fall as both the resident avian population and the suite of potential scavengers varied seasonally. Carcass persistence rates were uniformly low, with <50% of carcasses persisting for more than a day on average. Persistence rate varied by carcass age, carcass size, among transects and was lowest in the fall and highest in the summer. We found little support for models where persistence varied in relation to the presence of tower structures. We interpret this as evidence that scavengers were not habituated to searching for carcasses near these structures. Our data demonstrate that only a small fraction of bird carcasses are likely to persist between searches, and if not appropriately accounted for, scavenging bias could significantly influence bird mortality estimates. The variation that we documented suggests that persistence rates should not be extrapolated among tower locations or across time periods as the variation in carcass persistence will result in biased estimates of total bird strike mortality.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00262.x","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Lance, E.W., Sowl, K.M., and Donnelly, T.F., 2010, Estimating carcass persistence and scavenging bias in a human‐influenced landscape in western Alaska: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 81, no. 2, p. 206-214, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00262.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"214","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383174,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cold Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.25958251953128,\n 54.930298209559496\n ],\n [\n -162.257080078125,\n 54.930298209559496\n ],\n [\n -162.257080078125,\n 55.3978314593603\n ],\n [\n -163.25958251953128,\n 55.3978314593603\n ],\n [\n -163.25958251953128,\n 54.930298209559496\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fca05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lance, Ellen W.","contributorId":53517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lance","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sowl, Kristine M.","contributorId":60372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sowl","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12598,"text":"Izembek National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":347604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donnelly, Tyrone F. tfdonnelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":4369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"Tyrone","email":"tfdonnelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70229032,"text":"70229032 - 2010 - Topographic complexity and roughness of a tropical benthic seascape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-25T23:12:29.385847","indexId":"70229032","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-29T16:52:53","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Topographic complexity and roughness of a tropical benthic seascape","docAbstract":"Topographic complexity is a fundamental structural property of benthic marine ecosystems that exists across all scales and affects a multitude of processes. Coral reefs are a prime example, for which this complexity has been found to impact water flow, species diversity, nutrient uptake, and wave-energy dissipation, among other properties. Despite its importance, only limited assessments are available regarding the distribution or range of topographic complexity within or between benthic communities. Here, we show substantial variability in topographic complexity over the entire inner-shelf seascape of a tropical island. Roughness, estimated in terms of fractal dimension, served as a proxy for topographic complexity, and was computed for linear transects (DT), as well as the benthic surface (DS). Spatial variability in both DT and DS was correlated with the known distribution of benthic cover types in the seascape. Transect roughness values ranged from 1.0 to 1.7, with features along the shelf edge being markedly anisotropic with an along-shore bias, whereas regions with high scleractinian coral cover were nearly isotropic and exhibited minimal directional bias. Surface-roughness values ranged from 2.0 in predominantly hardbottom areas with low coral cover to 2.5 in areas with high coral cover. Quantifying roughness across the substrates and biological communities for an entire seascape provides a synoptic view of its spatial variability at scales appropriate for numerous research efforts, including ecosystem studies, parameterizing hydrodynamic models, and designing monitoring programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010GL043789","usgsCitation":"Zawada, D., Hearn, C., and Piniak, G., 2010, Topographic complexity and roughness of a tropical benthic seascape: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 37, L14604, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043789.","productDescription":"L14604, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-012117","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Navassa Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.00022888183594,\n 18.393298112384137\n ],\n [\n -75.00263214111328,\n 18.409749388401245\n ],\n [\n -75.00606536865234,\n 18.41219251316819\n ],\n [\n -75.03044128417969,\n 18.41577570009489\n ],\n [\n -75.03061294555664,\n 18.41170389098899\n ],\n [\n -75.02014160156249,\n 18.39346100400673\n ],\n [\n -75.01001358032227,\n 18.389388667246656\n ],\n [\n -75.00022888183594,\n 18.393298112384137\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zawada, David G. 0000-0003-4547-4878 dzawada@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-4878","contributorId":1898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zawada","given":"David G.","email":"dzawada@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hearn, Clifford J.","contributorId":286277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hearn","given":"Clifford J.","affiliations":[{"id":61079,"text":"ETI Professionals, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Piniak, Gregory","contributorId":286278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piniak","given":"Gregory","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ]}