{"pageNumber":"791","pageRowStart":"19750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46706,"records":[{"id":70037060,"text":"70037060 - 2009 - Mapping Curie temperature depth in the western United States with a fractal model for crustal magnetization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037060","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping Curie temperature depth in the western United States with a fractal model for crustal magnetization","docAbstract":"We have revisited the problem of mapping depth to the Curie temperature isotherm from magnetic anomalies in an attempt to provide a measure of crustal temperatures in the western United States. Such methods are based on the estimation of the depth to the bottom of magnetic sources, which is assumed to correspond to the temperature at which rocks lose their spontaneous magnetization. In this study, we test and apply a method based on the spectral analysis of magnetic anomalies. Early spectral analysis methods assumed that crustal magnetization is a completely uncorrelated function of position. Our method incorporates a more realistic representation where magnetization has a fractal distribution defined by three independent parameters: the depths to the top and bottom of magnetic sources and a fractal parameter related to the geology. The predictions of this model are compatible with radial power spectra obtained from aeromagnetic data in the western United States. Model parameters are mapped by estimating their value within a sliding window swept over the study area. The method works well on synthetic data sets when one of the three parameters is specified in advance. The application of this method to western United States magnetic compilations, assuming a constant fractal parameter, allowed us to detect robust long-wavelength variations in the depth to the bottom of magnetic sources. Depending on the geologic and geophysical context, these features may result from variations in depth to the Curie temperature isotherm, depth to the mantle, depth to the base of volcanic rocks, or geologic settings that affect the value of the fractal parameter. Depth to the bottom of magnetic sources shows several features correlated with prominent heat flow anomalies. It also shows some features absent in the map of heat flow. Independent geophysical and geologic data sets are examined to determine their origin, thereby providing new insights on the thermal and geologic crustal structure of the western United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2009JB006494","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bouligand, C., Glen, J., and Blakely, R., 2009, Mapping Curie temperature depth in the western United States with a fractal model for crustal magnetization: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006494.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476228,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-00498534","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217244,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006494"},{"id":245174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5044e4b0c8380cd6b574","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouligand, C.","contributorId":55928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouligand","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glen, J.M.G.","contributorId":38330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"J.M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037064,"text":"70037064 - 2009 - A spatial simulation model for forest succession in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037064","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1452,"text":"Ecological Complexity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spatial simulation model for forest succession in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain","docAbstract":"A Markov-chain transition model (FORSUM) and Monte Carlo simulations were used to simulate the succession patterns and predict a long-term impact of flood on the forest structure and growth in the floodplain of the Upper Mississippi River and Illinois River. Model variables, probabilities, functions, and parameters were derived from the analysis of two comprehensive field surveys conducted in this floodplain. This modeling approach describes the establishment, growth, competition, and death of individual trees for modeled species on a 10,000-ha landscape with spatial resolution of 1 ha. The succession characteristics of each Monte Carlo simulation are summed up to describe forest development and dynamics on a landscape level. FORSUM simulated the impacts of flood intensity and frequency on species composition and dynamics in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain ecosystem. The model provides a useful tool for testing hypotheses about forest succession and enables ecologists and managers to evaluate the impacts of flood disturbances and ecosystem restoration on forest succession. The simulation results suggest that the Markov-chain Monte Carlo method is an efficient tool to help organize the existing data and knowledge of forest succession into a system of quantitative predictions for the Upper Mississippi River floodplain ecosystem. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Complexity","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.09.003","issn":"1476945X","usgsCitation":"Yin, Y., Wu, Y., and Bartell, S., 2009, A spatial simulation model for forest succession in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain: Ecological Complexity, v. 6, no. 4, p. 494-502, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.09.003.","startPage":"494","endPage":"502","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217276,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.09.003"},{"id":245209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5a2e4b0c8380cd46eb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yin, Y.","contributorId":106228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, Y.","contributorId":79312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartell, S.M.","contributorId":16247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartell","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037068,"text":"70037068 - 2009 - Genetic variation, relatedness, and effective population size of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:22:32","indexId":"70037068","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2333,"text":"Journal of Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Genetic variation, relatedness, and effective population size of polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) in the southern Beaufort Sea, Alaska","title":"Genetic variation, relatedness, and effective population size of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Polar bears (</span><i>Ursus maritimus</i><span>) are unique among bears in that they are adapted to the Arctic sea ice environment. Genetic data are useful for understanding their evolution and can contribute to management. We assessed parentage and relatedness of polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea, Alaska, with genetic data and field observations of age, sex, and mother–offspring and sibling relationships. Genotypes at 14 microsatellite DNA loci for 226 bears indicate that genetic variation is comparable to other populations of polar bears with mean number of alleles per locus of 7.9 and observed and expected heterozygosity of 0.71. The genetic data verified 60 field-identified mother–offspring pairs and identified 10 additional mother–cub pairs and 48 father–offspring pairs. The entire sample of related and unrelated bears had a mean pairwise relatedness index (</span><i>r</i><sub>xy</sub><span>) of approximately zero, parent–offspring and siblings had<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>r</i><sub>xy</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of approximately 0.5, and 5.2% of the samples had<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>r</i><sub>xy</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>values within the range expected for parent-offspring. Effective population size (</span><i>N</i><sub>e</sub><span>= 277) and the ratio of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>N</i><sub>e</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>to total population size (</span><i>N</i><sub>e</sub><span>/</span><i>N</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.182) were estimated from the numbers of reproducing males and females.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>N</i><sub>e</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>estimates with genetic methods gave variable results. Our results verify and expand field data on reproduction by females and provide new data on reproduction by males and estimates of relatedness and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>N</i><sub>e</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in a polar bear population.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1093/jhered/esp061","issn":"00221503","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., Amstrup, S.C., Talbot, S.L., Sage, G.K., and Amstrup, K.S., 2009, Genetic variation, relatedness, and effective population size of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea, Alaska: Journal of Heredity, v. 100, no. 6, p. 681-690, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esp061.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"681","endPage":"690","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1590e4b0c8380cd54e8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Matthew A.","contributorId":57307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronin","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":28157,"text":"LGL Alaska Research Associates, Anchorage, AK","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sage, George K. 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":87833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"George","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":459239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amstrup, Kristin S.","contributorId":415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":459243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037075,"text":"70037075 - 2009 - Development of a liquefaction hazard screening tool for caltrans bridge sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037075","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of a liquefaction hazard screening tool for caltrans bridge sites","docAbstract":"We have developed a liquefaction hazard screening tool for the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) that is being used to evaluate the liquefaction hazard to approximately 13,000 bridge sites in California. Because of the large number of bridge sites to be evaluated, we developed a tool that makes use of parameters not typically considered in site-specific liquefaction investigations. We assessed geologic, topographic, seismic hazard, and subsurface conditions at about 100 sites of past liquefaction in California. Among the parameters we found common to many of these sites are: (a) low elevations, (b) proximity to a water body, and (c) presence of geologically youthful deposits or artificial fill materials. The nature of the study necessitated the use of readily available data, preferably datasets that are consistent across the state. The screening tool we provided to Caltrans makes use of the following parameters: (1) proximity to a water body, (2) whether the bridge crosses a water body, (3) the age of site geologic materials and the environment in which the materials were deposited, as discerned from available digital geologic maps, (4) probabilistic shaking estimates, (5) the site elevation, (6) information from available liquefaction hazard maps [covering the 9-county San Francisco Bay Area and Ventura County] and California Geological Survey (CGS) Zones of Required Investigation. For bridge sites at which subsurface boring data were available (from CGS' existing database), we calculated Displacement Potential Index values using a methodology developed by Allison Faris and Jiaer Wu. Caltrans' staff will use this hazard-screening tool, along with other tools focused on bridges and foundations, to prioritize site-specific investigations. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"TCLEE 2009: Lifeline Earthquake Engineering in a Multihazard Environment","conferenceTitle":"2009 ASCE Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Conference, TCLEE 2009: Lifeline Earthquake Engineering in a Multihazard Environment","conferenceDate":"28 June 2009 through 1 July 2009","conferenceLocation":"Oakland, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/41050(357)55","isbn":"9780784410509","usgsCitation":"Knudsen, K.L., Bott, J., Woods, M., and McGuire, T., 2009, Development of a liquefaction hazard screening tool for caltrans bridge sites, <i>in</i> TCLEE 2009: Lifeline Earthquake Engineering in a Multihazard Environment, v. 357, Oakland, CA, 28 June 2009 through 1 July 2009, https://doi.org/10.1061/41050(357)55.","startPage":"55","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217422,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41050(357)55"},{"id":245368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"357","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a003be4b0c8380cd4f660","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knudsen, Kathy L.","contributorId":41188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knudsen","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bott, J.D.J.","contributorId":80519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bott","given":"J.D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woods, M.O.","contributorId":69820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, T.L.","contributorId":11036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037095,"text":"70037095 - 2009 - Feldspar dissolution rates in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T12:18:54.305609","indexId":"70037095","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feldspar dissolution rates in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id10\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id11\"><p>Two different field-based methods are used here to calculate feldspar dissolution rates in the Topopah Spring Tuff, the host rock for the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The center of the tuff is a high silica rhyolite, consisting largely of alkali feldspar (∼60&nbsp;wt%) and quartz polymorphs (∼35&nbsp;wt%) that formed by devitrification of rhyolitic glass as the tuff cooled. First, the abundance of secondary aluminosilicates is used to estimate the cumulative amount of feldspar dissolution over the history of the tuff, and an ambient dissolution rate is calculated by using the estimated thermal history. Second, the feldspar dissolution rate is calculated by using measured Sr isotope compositions for the pore water and rock. Pore waters display systematic changes in Sr isotopic composition with depth that are caused by feldspar dissolution. The range in dissolution rates determined from secondary mineral abundances varies from 10<sup>−16</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 10<sup>−17</sup>&nbsp;mol&nbsp;s<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;kg&nbsp;tuff<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>with the largest uncertainty being the effect of the early thermal history of the tuff. Dissolution rates based on pore water Sr isotopic data were calculated by treating percolation flux parametrically, and vary from 10<sup>−15</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 10<sup>−16</sup>&nbsp;mol&nbsp;s<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;kg&nbsp;tuff<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for percolation fluxes of 15&nbsp;mm&nbsp;a<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and 1&nbsp;mm&nbsp;a<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Reconciling the rates from the two methods requires that percolation fluxes at the sampled locations be a few mm&nbsp;a<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>or less. The calculated feldspar dissolution rates are low relative to other measured field-based feldspar dissolution rates, possibly due to the age (12.8&nbsp;Ma) of the unsaturated system at Yucca Mountain; because oxidizing and organic-poor conditions limit biological activity; and/or because elevated silica concentrations in the pore waters (∼50&nbsp;mg&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup>) may inhibit feldspar dissolution.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.09.003","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Bryan, C., Helean, K., Marshall, B., and Brady, P., 2009, Feldspar dissolution rates in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 11, p. 2133-2143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.09.003.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2133","endPage":"2143","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245176,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.20675964290159,\n              36.66868420959018\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.20675964290159,\n              35.8358965222575\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.02023620540135,\n              35.8358965222575\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.02023620540135,\n              36.66868420959018\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.20675964290159,\n              36.66868420959018\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f79e4b0c8380cd538f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryan, C.R.","contributorId":102302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helean, K.B.","contributorId":96518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helean","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, B.D.","contributorId":19581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brady, P.V.","contributorId":96038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037097,"text":"70037097 - 2009 - A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-08T08:48:28","indexId":"70037097","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement defines Areas of Concern as geographic areas that fail to meet the general or specific objectives of the agreement where such failure has caused or is likely to cause impairment of beneficial use of the area's ability to support aquatic life. One of the beneficial use impairments, fish tumors or other deformities, is defined by the International Joint Commission to occur when the incidence rate of fish tumors and other deformities exceeds rates at unimpacted or control sites, or when survey data confirm the presence of neoplastic or preneoplastic liver tumors in bullhead or suckers. Brown bullhead, a benthic species with a limited home range, have frequently been used as indicator species in U.S. Areas of Concern. While there is strong field evidence for an association between PAH exposure and hepatic neoplasia in brown bullhead, laboratory investigations would strengthen the association. There is less evidence linking specific classes of chemicals in the environment to orocutaneous neoplasia in brown bullhead. Studies on orocutaneous neoplasia of brown bullhead should focus on assessing the presence or absence of viruses and on epidermal exposure to specific chemicals and chemical mixtures. Lastly, the effects of covariates such as length, age, and gender on the prevalence of liver and skin neoplasms should be investigated. This paper reviews the state of science on the fish tumors or other deformities beneficial use impairment. Subsequent papers address specific issues related to this impairment and provide recommendations for standardized criteria.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Rafferty, S., Blazer, V., Pinkney, A., Grazio, J., Obert, E., and Boughton, L., 2009, A historical perspective on the \"fish tumors or other deformities\" beneficial use impairment at Great Lakes Areas of Concern: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 4, p. 496-506, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"496","endPage":"506","costCenters":[{"id":418,"text":"National Fish Health Research Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217277,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.005"},{"id":245210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e421e4b0c8380cd46424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rafferty, S.D.","contributorId":28453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pinkney, A.E.","contributorId":87501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinkney","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grazio, J.L.","contributorId":64485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grazio","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Obert, E.C.","contributorId":38808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obert","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boughton, L.","contributorId":23364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boughton","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037101,"text":"70037101 - 2009 - A search in strainmeter data for slow slip associated with triggered and ambient tremor near Parkfield, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:40:45","indexId":"70037101","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A search in strainmeter data for slow slip associated with triggered and ambient tremor near Parkfield, California","docAbstract":"We test the hypothesis that, as in subduction zones, slow slip facilitates triggered and ambient tremor in the transform boundary setting of California. Our study builds on the study of Peng et al. (2009) of triggered and ambient tremor near Parkfield, California during time intervals surrounding 31, potentially triggering, M ≥ 7.5 teleseismic earthquakes; waves from 10 of these triggered tremor and 29 occurred in periods of ambient tremor activity. We look for transient slow slip during 3-month windows that include 11 of these triggering and nontriggering teleseisms, using continuous strain data recorded on two borehole Gladwin tensor strainmeters (GTSM) located within the distribution of tremor epicenters. We model the GTSM data assuming only tidal and “drift” signals are present and find no detectable slow slip, either ongoing when the teleseismic waves passed or triggered by them. We infer a conservative detection threshold of about 5 nanostrain for abrupt changes and about twice this for slowly evolving signals. This could be lowered slightly by adding analyses of other data types, modeled slow slip signals, and GTSM data calibration. Detection of slow slip also depends on the slipping fault's location and size, which we describe in terms of equivalent earthquake moment magnitude, M. In the best case of the GTSM above a very shallow slipping fault, detectable slip events must exceed M~2, and if the slow slip is beneath the seismogenic zone (below ~15 km depth), even M~5 events are likely to remain hidden.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2008JB006040","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Smith, E., and Gomberg, J., 2009, A search in strainmeter data for slow slip associated with triggered and ambient tremor near Parkfield, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 12, B00A14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006040.","productDescription":"B00A14","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":217335,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006040"},{"id":245276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e57de4b0c8380cd46d76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, E.F.","contributorId":94139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037107,"text":"70037107 - 2009 - Global irrigated area map (GIAM), derived from remote sensing, for the end of the last millennium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:09","indexId":"70037107","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global irrigated area map (GIAM), derived from remote sensing, for the end of the last millennium","docAbstract":"A Global Irrigated Area Map (GIAM) has been produced for the end of the last millennium using multiple satellite sensor, secondary, Google Earth and groundtruth data. The data included: (a) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 3-band and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) 10 km monthly time-series for 1997-1999, (b) Syste me pour l'Observation de la Terre Vegetation (SPOT VGT) NDVI 1 km monthly time series for 1999, (c) East Anglia University Climate Research Unit (CRU) rainfall 50km monthly time series for 1961-2000, (d) Global 30 Arc-Second Elevation Data Set (GTOPO30) 1 km digital elevation data of the World, (e) Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (JERS-1 SAR) data for the rain forests during two seasons in 1996 and (f) University of Maryland Global Tree Cover 1 km data for 1992-1993. A single mega-file data-cube (MFDC) of the World with 159 layers, akin to hyperspectral data, was composed by re-sampling different data types into a common 1 km resolution. The MFDC was segmented based on elevation, temperature and precipitation zones. Classification was performed on the segments. Quantitative spectral matching techniques (SMTs) used in hyperspectral data analysis were adopted to group class spectra derived from unsupervised classification and match them with ideal or target spectra. A rigorous class identification and labelling process involved the use of: (a) space-time spiral curve (ST-SC) plots, (b) brightness-greenness-wetness (BGW) plots, (c) time series NDVI plots, (d) Google Earth very-high-resolution imagery (VHRI) 'zoom-in views' in over 11 000 locations, (e) groundtruth data broadly sourced from the degree confluence project (3 864 sample locations) and from the GIAM project (1 790 sample locations), (f) high-resolution Landsat-ETM+ Geocover 150m mosaic of the World and (g) secondary data (e.g. national and global land use and land cover data). Mixed classes were resolved based on decision tree algorithms and spatial modelling, and when that did not work, the problem class was used to mask and re-classify the MDFC, and the class identification and labelling protocol repeated. The sub-pixel area (SPA) calculations were performed by multiplying full-pixel areas (FPAs) with irrigated area fractions (IAFs) for every class. A 28 class GIAM was produced and the area statistics reported as: (a) annualized irrigated areas (AIAs), which consider intensity of irrigation (i.e. sum of irrigated areas from different seasons in a year plus continuous year-round irrigation or gross irrigated areas), and (b) total area available for irrigation (TAAI), which does not consider intensity of irrigation (i.e. irrigated areas at any given point of time plus the areas left fallow but 'equipped for irrigation' at the same point of time or net irrigated areas). The AIA of the World at the end of the last millennium was 467 million hectares (Mha), which is sum of the non-overlapping areas of: (a) 252 Mha from season one, (b) 174 Mha from season two and (c) 41 Mha from continuous year-round crops. The TAAI at the end of the last millennium was 399 Mha. The distribution of irrigated areas is highly skewed amongst continents and countries. Asia accounts for 79% (370 Mha) of all AIAs, followed by Europe (7%) and North America (7%). Three continents, South America (4%), Africa (2%) and Australia (1%), have a very low proportion of the global irrigation. The GIAM had an accuracy of 79-91%, with errors of omission not exceeding 21%, and the errors of commission not exceeding 23%. The GIAM statistics were also compared with: (a) the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and University of Frankfurt (UF) derived irrigated areas and (b) national census data for India. The relationships and causes of differences are discussed in detail. The GIAM products are made available through a web portal (http://www.iwmigiam.org). ?? 2009 Taylor & Francis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/01431160802698919","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Thenkabail, P., Biradar, C., Noojipady, P., Dheeravath, V., Li, Y., Velpuri, M., Gumma, M., Gangalakunta, O., Turral, H., Cai, X., Vithanage, J., Schull, M., and Dutta, R., 2009, Global irrigated area map (GIAM), derived from remote sensing, for the end of the last millennium: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 30, no. 14, p. 3679-3733, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160802698919.","startPage":"3679","endPage":"3733","numberOfPages":"55","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217424,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160802698919"},{"id":245370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a294ce4b0c8380cd5a827","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thenkabail, P.S.","contributorId":66071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biradar, C.M.","contributorId":35563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biradar","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noojipady, P.","contributorId":42453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noojipady","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dheeravath, V.","contributorId":55234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dheeravath","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Velpuri, M. 0000-0002-6370-1926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":7935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gumma, M.","contributorId":7942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumma","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gangalakunta, O.R.P.","contributorId":84588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gangalakunta","given":"O.R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Turral, H.","contributorId":50750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turral","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cai, X.","contributorId":95294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Vithanage, J.","contributorId":62860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vithanage","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Schull, M.A.","contributorId":70618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schull","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Dutta, R.","contributorId":17452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutta","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70037108,"text":"70037108 - 2009 - Using LiDAR and quickbird data to model plant production and quantify uncertainties associated with wetland detection and land cover generalizations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70037108","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using LiDAR and quickbird data to model plant production and quantify uncertainties associated with wetland detection and land cover generalizations","docAbstract":"Spatiotemporal data from satellite remote sensing and surface meteorology networks have made it possible to continuously monitor global plant production, and to identify global trends associated with land cover/use and climate change. Gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP) are routinely derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard satellites Terra and Aqua, and estimates generally agree with independent measurements at validation sites across the globe. However, the accuracy of GPP and NPP estimates in some regions may be limited by the quality of model input variables and heterogeneity at fine spatial scales. We developed new methods for deriving model inputs (i.e., land cover, leaf area, and photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by plant canopies) from airborne laser altimetry (LiDAR) and Quickbird multispectral data at resolutions ranging from about 30??m to 1??km. In addition, LiDAR-derived biomass was used as a means for computing carbon-use efficiency. Spatial variables were used with temporal data from ground-based monitoring stations to compute a six-year GPP and NPP time series for a 3600??ha study site in the Great Lakes region of North America. Model results compared favorably with independent observations from a 400??m flux tower and a process-based ecosystem model (BIOME-BGC), but only after removing vapor pressure deficit as a constraint on photosynthesis from the MODIS global algorithm. Fine-resolution inputs captured more of the spatial variability, but estimates were similar to coarse-resolution data when integrated across the entire landscape. Failure to account for wetlands had little impact on landscape-scale estimates, because vegetation structure, composition, and conversion efficiencies were similar to upland plant communities. Plant productivity estimates were noticeably improved using LiDAR-derived variables, while uncertainties associated with land cover generalizations and wetlands in this largely forested landscape were considered less important.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.017","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Cook, B., Bolstad, P., Naesset, E., Anderson, R., Garrigues, S., Morisette, J., Nickeson, J., and Davis, K., 2009, Using LiDAR and quickbird data to model plant production and quantify uncertainties associated with wetland detection and land cover generalizations: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 11, p. 2366-2379, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.017.","startPage":"2366","endPage":"2379","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216991,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.017"},{"id":244898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc013e4b08c986b329efc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, B.D.","contributorId":62437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolstad, P.V.","contributorId":88977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolstad","given":"P.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naesset, E.","contributorId":44765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naesset","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, R. Scott","contributorId":6983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7034,"text":"School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability at Northern Arizona University, in Flagstaff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garrigues, S.","contributorId":37176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrigues","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morisette, J.T.","contributorId":57029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nickeson, J.","contributorId":23786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nickeson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Davis, K.J.","contributorId":39614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70037127,"text":"70037127 - 2009 - Lysimetric evaluation of simplified surface energy balance approach in the Texas high plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037127","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":833,"text":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lysimetric evaluation of simplified surface energy balance approach in the Texas high plains","docAbstract":"Numerous energy balance (EB) algorithms have been developed to make use of remote sensing data to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) regionally. However, most EB models are complex to use and efforts are being made to simplify procedures mainly through the scaling of reference ET. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) is one such method. This approach has never been evaluated using measured ET data. In this study, the SSEB approach was applied to 14 Landsat TM images covering a major portion of the Southern High Plains that were acquired during 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons. Performance of the SSEB was evaluated by comparing estimated ET with measured daily ET from four large monolithic lysimeters at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Texas. Statistical evaluation of results indicated that the SSEB accounted for 84% of the variability in the measured ET values with a slope and intercept of 0.75 and 1.1 mm d<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Considering the minimal amount of ancillary data required and excellent performance in predicting daily ET, the SSEB approach is a promising tool for mapping ET in the semiarid Texas High Plains and in other parts of the world with similar hydro-climatic conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08838542","usgsCitation":"Gowda, P., Senay, G., Howell, T., and Marek, T., 2009, Lysimetric evaluation of simplified surface energy balance approach in the Texas high plains: Applied Engineering in Agriculture, v. 25, no. 5, p. 665-669.","startPage":"665","endPage":"669","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4aa5e4b0c8380cd68f1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gowda, P.H.","contributorId":63652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gowda","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howell, T.A.","contributorId":57694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"T.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marek, T.H.","contributorId":38815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marek","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037132,"text":"70037132 - 2009 - Design of smart sensing components for volcano monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70037132","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3034,"text":"Pervasive and Mobile Computing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Design of smart sensing components for volcano monitoring","docAbstract":"In a volcano monitoring application, various geophysical and geochemical sensors generate continuous high-fidelity data, and there is a compelling need for real-time raw data for volcano eruption prediction research. It requires the network to support network synchronized sampling, online configurable sensing and situation awareness, which pose significant challenges on sensing component design. Ideally, the resource usages shall be driven by the environment and node situations, and the data quality is optimized under resource constraints. In this paper, we present our smart sensing component design, including hybrid time synchronization, configurable sensing, and situation awareness. Both design details and evaluation results are presented to show their efficiency. Although the presented design is for a volcano monitoring application, its design philosophy and framework can also apply to other similar applications and platforms. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pervasive and Mobile Computing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pmcj.2009.06.004","issn":"15741192","usgsCitation":"Xu, M., Song, W., Huang, R., Peng, Y., Shirazi, B., LaHusen, R., Kiely, A., Peterson, N., Ma, A., Anusuya-Rangappa, L., Miceli, M., and McBride, D., 2009, Design of smart sensing components for volcano monitoring: Pervasive and Mobile Computing, v. 5, no. 5, p. 639-653, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2009.06.004.","startPage":"639","endPage":"653","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217310,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2009.06.004"},{"id":245245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff41e4b0c8380cd4f0ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, M.","contributorId":11441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Song, W.-Z.","contributorId":23334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"W.-Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huang, R.","contributorId":88578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peng, Y.","contributorId":78970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shirazi, B.","contributorId":78162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirazi","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LaHusen, R.","contributorId":7446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kiely, A.","contributorId":10198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiely","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Peterson, N.","contributorId":32668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ma, A.","contributorId":11442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Anusuya-Rangappa, L.","contributorId":62056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anusuya-Rangappa","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Miceli, M.","contributorId":101920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miceli","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"McBride, D.","contributorId":91337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70037151,"text":"70037151 - 2009 - Age-distribution estimation for karst groundwater: Issues of parameterization and complexity in inverse modeling by convolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037151","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age-distribution estimation for karst groundwater: Issues of parameterization and complexity in inverse modeling by convolution","docAbstract":"Convolution modeling is useful for investigating the temporal distribution of groundwater age based on environmental tracers. The framework of a quasi-transient convolution model that is applicable to two-domain flow in karst aquifers is presented. The model was designed to provide an acceptable level of statistical confidence in parameter estimates when only chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and tritium (<sup>3</sup>H) data are available. We show how inverse modeling and uncertainty assessment can be used to constrain model parameterization to a level warranted by available data while allowing major aspects of the flow system to be examined. As an example, the model was applied to water from a pumped well open to the Madison aquifer in central USA with input functions of CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and <sup>3</sup>H, and was calibrated to several samples collected during a 16-year period. A bimodal age distribution was modeled to represent quick and slow flow less than 50 years old. The effects of pumping and hydraulic head on the relative volumetric fractions of these domains were found to be influential factors for transient flow. Quick flow and slow flow were estimated to be distributed mainly within the age ranges of 0-2 and 26-41 years, respectively. The fraction of long-term flow (&gt;50 years) was estimated but was not dateable. The different tracers had different degrees of influence on parameter estimation and uncertainty assessments, where <sup>3</sup>H was the most critical, and CFC-113 was least influential.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.064","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Long, A., and Putnam, L., 2009, Age-distribution estimation for karst groundwater: Issues of parameterization and complexity in inverse modeling by convolution: Journal of Hydrology, v. 376, no. 3-4, p. 579-588, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.064.","startPage":"579","endPage":"588","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217165,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.064"},{"id":245086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"376","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8fde4b0c8380cd48014","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J.","contributorId":80023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putnam, L.D.","contributorId":47417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037157,"text":"70037157 - 2009 - The relative importance of disturbance and exotic-plant abundance in California coastal sage scrub","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037157","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relative importance of disturbance and exotic-plant abundance in California coastal sage scrub","docAbstract":"Many ecosystems of conservation concern require some level of disturbance to sustain their species composition and ecological function. However, inappropriate disturbance regimes could favor invasion or expansion of exotic species. In southern California coastal sage scrub (CSS) fire is a natural disturbance, but because of human influence, frequencies may now be unnaturally high. Other anthropogenic disturbances such as grazing also occur in reserve areas. Managers charged with imposing or tolerating fire or other disturbance within their reserves are concerned that habitat quality may be degraded by an increasing abundance of exotic plants. We used vegetation monitoring data from Camp Pendleton, California, USA, to assess the correlation between past disturbances (frequent fire, agriculture, or grazing and mechanical disturbances) and current exotic species abundance in CSS. We found that disturbance history was only modestly related to exotic abundance overall, but fire frequency showed the strongest association. We also examined whether cover and richness of various native plant life forms (woody species, perennial herbs, and annual herbs) were more strongly influenced by disturbance history or by exotic-plant abundance. Native plant responses varied among life forms, but woody species and annual herbs were generally more strongly and negatively associated with exotic abundance than with disturbance. Effective CSS conservation will require developing means to curb the negative impacts of exotic plants, which may abound with or without severe or recent disturbance. Additionally, more focus should be given to understory herbs showing sensitivity to invasion. Though understudied, native herbs comprise the greatest portion of plant diversity in CSS and are critical to preservation of the community as a whole. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/07-1959.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Fleming, G., Diffendorfer, J., and Zedler, P., 2009, The relative importance of disturbance and exotic-plant abundance in California coastal sage scrub: Ecological Applications, v. 19, no. 8, p. 2210-2227, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1959.1.","startPage":"2210","endPage":"2227","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217250,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-1959.1"},{"id":245181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf2ae4b08c986b3245d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, G.M.","contributorId":56027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diffendorfer, J.E.","contributorId":28569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zedler, P.H.","contributorId":82251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zedler","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037158,"text":"70037158 - 2009 - Timing of breeding and reproductive performance in murres and kittiwakes reflect mismatched seasonal prey dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:15:39","indexId":"70037158","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timing of breeding and reproductive performance in murres and kittiwakes reflect mismatched seasonal prey dynamics","docAbstract":"Seabirds are thought to time breeding to match the seasonal peak of food availability with peak chick energetic demands, but warming ocean temperatures have altered the timing of spring events, creating the potential for mismatches. The resilience of seabird populations to climate change depends on their ability to anticipate changes in the timing and magnitude of peak food availability and 'fine-tune' efforts to match ('Anticipation Hypothesis'). The degree that inter-annual variation in seabird timing of breeding and reproductive performance represents anticipated food availability versus energetic constraints ('Constraint Hypothesis') is poorly understood. We examined the relative merits of the Constraint and Anticipation Hypotheses by testing 2 predictions of the Constraint Hypothesis: (1) seabird timing of breeding is related to food availability prior to egg laying rather than the date of peak food availability, (2) initial reproductive output (e.g. laying success, clutch size) is related to pre-lay food availability rather than anticipated chick-rearing food availability. We analyzed breeding biology data of common murres Uria aalge and black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla and 2 proxies of the seasonal dynamics of their food availability (near-shore forage fish abundance and sea-surface temperature) at 2 colonies in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA, from 1996 to 1999. Our results support the Constraint Hypothesis: (1) for both species, egg laying was later in years with warmer sea-surface temperature and lower food availability prior to egg laying, but was not related to the date of peak food availability, (2) pre-egg laying food availability explained variation in kittiwake laying success and clutch size. Murre reproductive success was best explained by food availability during chick rearing. ?? 2009 Inter-Research.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3354/meps08136","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Shultz, M., Piatt, J.F., Harding, A., Kettle, A.B., and van Pelt, T.I., 2009, Timing of breeding and reproductive performance in murres and kittiwakes reflect mismatched seasonal prey dynamics: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 393, p. 247-258, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08136.","startPage":"247","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476272,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08136","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217279,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08136"}],"volume":"393","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3eee4b08c986b326085","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shultz, M.T.","contributorId":62006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harding, A.M.A.","contributorId":29088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"A.M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kettle, Arthur B.","contributorId":98064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kettle","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Pelt, Thomas I.","contributorId":13392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":459652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037185,"text":"70037185 - 2009 - Interannual variation of carbon fluxes from three contrasting evergreen forests: The role of forest dynamics and climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T15:24:14","indexId":"70037185","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual variation of carbon fluxes from three contrasting evergreen forests: The role of forest dynamics and climate","docAbstract":"Interannual variation of carbon fluxes can be attributed to a number of biotic and abiotic controls that operate at different spatial and temporal scales. Type and frequency of disturbance, forest dynamics, and climate regimes are important sources of variability. Assessing the variability of carbon fluxes from these specific sources can enhance the interpretation of past and current observations. Being able to separate the variability caused by forest dynamics from that induced by climate will also give us the ability to determine if the current observed carbon fluxes are within an expected range or whether the ecosystem is undergoing unexpected change. Sources of interannual variation in ecosystem carbon fluxes from three evergreen ecosystems, a tropical, a temperate coniferous, and a boreal forest, were explored using the simulation model STANDCARB. We identified key processes that introduced variation in annual fluxes, but their relative importance differed among the ecosystems studied. In the tropical site, intrinsic forest dynamics contributed ?? 30% of the total variation in annual carbon fluxes. In the temperate and boreal sites, where many forest processes occur over longer temporal scales than those at the tropical site, climate controlled more of the variation among annual fluxes. These results suggest that climate-related variability affects the rates of carbon exchange differently among sites. Simulations in which temperature, precipitation, and radiation varied from year to year (based on historical records of climate variation) had less net carbon stores than simulations in which these variables were held constant (based on historical records of monthly average climate), a result caused by the functional relationship between temperature and respiration. This suggests that, under a more variable temperature regime, large respiratory pulses may become more frequent and high enough to cause a reduction in ecosystem carbon stores. Our results also show that the variation of annual carbon fluxes poses an important challenge in our ability to determine whether an ecosystem is a source, a sink, or is neutral in regard to CO<sub>2</sub> at longer timescales. In simulations where climate change negatively affected ecosystem carbon stores, there was a 20% chance of committing Type II error, even with 20 years of sequential data. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-0073.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Sierra, C., Loescher, H., Harmon, M.E., Richardson, A., Hollinger, D., and Perakis, S., 2009, Interannual variation of carbon fluxes from three contrasting evergreen forests: The role of forest dynamics and climate: Ecology, v. 90, no. 10, p. 2711-2723, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0073.1.","startPage":"2711","endPage":"2723","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217196,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-0073.1"}],"volume":"90","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ceae4b0c8380cd63149","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sierra, C.A.","contributorId":80908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sierra","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loescher, H.W.","contributorId":68966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loescher","given":"H.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harmon, M. E.","contributorId":80452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harmon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richardson, A.D.","contributorId":10629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hollinger, D.Y.","contributorId":86567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollinger","given":"D.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perakis, S.S.","contributorId":82039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037189,"text":"70037189 - 2009 - Cross-comparison of the IRS-P6 AWiFS sensor with the L5 TM, L7 ETM+, & Terra MODIS sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-19T14:25:59.144914","indexId":"70037189","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Cross-comparison of the IRS-P6 AWiFS sensor with the L5 TM, L7 ETM+, & Terra MODIS sensors","docAbstract":"As scientists and decision makers increasingly rely on multiple Earth-observing satellites to address urgent global issues, it is imperative that they can rely on the accuracy of Earth-observing data products. This paper focuses on the crosscomparison of the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS-P6) Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) with the Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), and Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors. The cross-comparison was performed using image statistics based on large common areas observed by the sensors within 30 minutes. Because of the limited availability of simultaneous observations between the AWiFS and the Landsat and MODIS sensors, only a few images were analyzed. These initial results are presented. Regression curves and coefficients of determination for the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) trends from these sensors were generated to quantify the uncertainty in these relationships and to provide an assessment of the calibration differences between these sensors. ?? 2009 SPIE.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":"Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIII","conferenceDate":"Aug 31-Sep 3, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Berlin, Germany","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.830502","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., Xiong, X., Angal, A., Choi, T., and Malla, R., 2009, Cross-comparison of the IRS-P6 AWiFS sensor with the L5 TM, L7 ETM+, & Terra MODIS sensors, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 7474, Berlin, Germany, Aug 31-Sep 3, 2009, 74740Z, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.830502.","productDescription":"74740Z","ipdsId":"IP-016645","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7474","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcc2e4b0c8380cd4e404","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xiong, X.","contributorId":37885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiong","given":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angal, A.","contributorId":52716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angal","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choi, T.","contributorId":48698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Malla, R.","contributorId":9866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malla","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037208,"text":"70037208 - 2009 - Monitoring of land subsidence and ground fissures in Xian, China 2005-2006: Mapped by sar Interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T11:52:25","indexId":"70037208","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring of land subsidence and ground fissures in Xian, China 2005-2006: Mapped by sar Interferometry","docAbstract":"<p><span>The City of Xian, China, has been experiencing significant land subsidence and ground fissure activities since 1960s, which have brought various severe geohazards including damages to buildings, bridges and other facilities. Monitoring of land subsidence and ground fissure activities can provide useful information for assessing the extent of, and mitigating such geohazards. In order to achieve robust Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) results, six interferometric pairs of Envisat ASAR data covering 2005–2006 are collected to analyze the InSAR processing errors firstly, such as temporal and spatial decorrelation error, external DEM error, atmospheric error and unwrapping error. Then the annual subsidence rate during 2005–2006 is calculated by weighted averaging two pairs of D-InSAR results with similar time spanning. Lastly, GPS measurements are applied to calibrate the InSAR results and centimeter precision is achieved. As for the ground fissure monitoring, five InSAR cross-sections are designed to demonstrate the relative subsidence difference across ground fissures. In conclusion, the final InSAR subsidence map during 2005–2006 shows four large subsidence zones in Xian hi-tech zones in western, eastern and southern suburbs of Xian City, among which two subsidence cones are newly detected and two ground fissures are deduced to be extended westward in Yuhuazhai subsidence cone. This study shows that the land subsidence and ground fissures are highly correlated spatially and temporally and both are correlated with hi-tech zone construction in Xian during the year of 2005–2006.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00254-008-1654-9","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Zhao, C., Zhang, Q., Ding, X., Lu, Z., Yang, C., and Qi, X., 2009, Monitoring of land subsidence and ground fissures in Xian, China 2005-2006: Mapped by sar Interferometry: Environmental Geology, v. 58, no. 7, p. 1533-1540, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1654-9.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1533","endPage":"1540","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217083,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1654-9"}],"volume":"58","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dcce4b0c8380cd705d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhao, C.Y.","contributorId":68563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"C.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Q.","contributorId":84163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ding, X.-L.","contributorId":33934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ding","given":"X.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yang, C.S.","contributorId":82560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Qi, X.M.","contributorId":39219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"X.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037211,"text":"70037211 - 2009 - Pink shrimp as an indicator for restoration of everglades ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037211","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pink shrimp as an indicator for restoration of everglades ecosystems","docAbstract":"The pink shrimp, Farfantepenaeus duorarum, familiar to most Floridians as either food or bait shrimp, is ubiquitous in South Florida coastal and offshore waters and is proposed as an indicator for assessing restoration of South Florida's southern estuaries: Florida Bay, Biscayne Bay, and the mangrove estuaries of the lower southwest coast. Relationships between pink shrimp and salinity have been determined in both field and laboratory studies. Salinity is directly relevant to restoration because the salinity regimes of South Florida estuaries, critical nursery habitat for the pink shrimp, will be altered by changes in the quantity, timing, and distribution of freshwater inflow planned as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Project (CERP). Here we suggest performance measures based on pink shrimp density (number per square meter) in the estuaries and propose a restoration assessment and scoring scheme using these performance measures that can readily be communicated to managers, policy makers, and the interested public. The pink shrimp is an appropriate restoration indicator because of its ecological as well as its economic importance and also because scientific interest in pink shrimp in South Florida has produced a wealth of information about the species and relatively long time series of data on both juveniles in estuarine nursery habitats and adults on the fishing grounds. We suggest research needs for improving the pink shrimp performance measure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.007","issn":"1470160X","usgsCitation":"Browder, J.A., and Robblee, M., 2009, Pink shrimp as an indicator for restoration of everglades ecosystems: Ecological Indicators, v. 9, no. 6 SUPPL., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.007.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217111,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.007"},{"id":245028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"6 SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b73e4b0c8380cd7945f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browder, Joan A.","contributorId":7439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browder","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robblee, M. B.","contributorId":23879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robblee","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037212,"text":"70037212 - 2009 - Monitoring urban land cover change by updating the national land cover database impervious surface products","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-19T15:23:30.505237","indexId":"70037212","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Monitoring urban land cover change by updating the national land cover database impervious surface products","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001 is widely used as a baseline for national land cover and impervious conditions. To ensure timely and relevant data, it is important to update this base to a more recent time period. A prototype method was developed to update the land cover and impervious surface by individual Landsat path and row. This method updates NLCD 2001 to a nominal date of 2006 by using both Landsat imagery and data from NLCD 2001 as the baseline. Pairs of Landsat scenes in the same season from both 2001 and 2006 were acquired according to satellite paths and rows and normalized to allow calculation of change vectors between the two dates. Conservative thresholds based on Anderson Level I land cover classes were used to segregate the change vectors and determine areas of change and no-change. Once change areas had been identified, impervious surface was estimated for areas of change by sampling from NLCD 2001 in unchanged areas. Methods were developed and tested across five Landsat path/row study sites that contain a variety of metropolitan areas. Results from the five study areas show that the vast majority of impervious surface changes associated with urban developments were accurately captured and updated. The approach optimizes mapping efficiency and can provide users a flexible method to generate updated impervious surface at national and regional scales.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2009 Joint urban remote sensing event","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2009 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event","conferenceDate":"may 20-22, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Shanghai, China","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/URS.2009.5137597","usgsCitation":"Xian, G.Z., and Homer, C.G., 2009, Monitoring urban land cover change by updating the national land cover database impervious surface products, <i>in</i> 2009 Joint urban remote sensing event, Shanghai, China, may 20-22, 2009, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1109/URS.2009.5137597.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dfae4b0c8380cd70713","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xian, George Z. 0000-0001-5674-2204 xian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":2263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","email":"xian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037219,"text":"70037219 - 2009 - Genetic susceptibility to chronic wasting disease in free-ranging white-tailed deer: complement component C1q and Prnp polymorphisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T12:01:36","indexId":"70037219","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1988,"text":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic susceptibility to chronic wasting disease in free-ranging white-tailed deer: complement component C1q and Prnp polymorphisms","docAbstract":"<p><span>The genetic basis of susceptibility to chronic wasting disease (CWD) in free-ranging cervids is of great interest. Association studies of disease susceptibility in free-ranging populations, however, face considerable challenges including: the need for large sample sizes when disease is rare, animals of unknown pedigree create a risk of spurious results due to population admixture, and the inability to control disease exposure or dose. We used an innovative matched case&ndash;control design and conditional logistic regression to evaluate associations between polymorphisms of complement C1q and prion protein (Prnp) genes and CWD infection in white-tailed deer from the CWD endemic area in south-central Wisconsin. To reduce problems due to admixture or disease-risk confounding, we used neutral genetic (microsatellite) data to identify closely related CWD-positive (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;68) and CWD-negative (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;91) female deer to serve as matched cases and controls. Cases and controls were also matched on factors (sex, location, age) previously demonstrated to affect CWD infection risk. For Prnp, deer with at least one Serine (S) at amino acid 96 were significantly less likely to be CWD-positive relative to deer homozygous for Glycine (G). This is the first characterization of genes associated with the complement system in white-tailed deer. No tests for association between any C1q polymorphism and CWD infection were significant at<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.05. After controlling for Prnp, we found weak support for an elevated risk of CWD infection in deer with at least one Glycine (G) at amino acid 56 of the C1qC gene. While we documented numerous amino acid polymorphisms in C1q genes none appear to be strongly associated with CWD susceptibility.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2009.08.010","issn":"15671348","usgsCitation":"Blanchong, J.A., Heisey, D.M., Scribner, K.T., Libants, S.V., Johnson, C., Aiken, J.M., Langenberg, J.A., and Samuel, M.D., 2009, Genetic susceptibility to chronic wasting disease in free-ranging white-tailed deer: complement component C1q and Prnp polymorphisms: Infection, Genetics and Evolution, v. 9, no. 6, p. 1329-1335, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2009.08.010.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1329","endPage":"1335","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476275,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/84","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217224,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2009.08.010"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.5328369140625,\n              42.67839711889055\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5328369140625,\n              43.42898792344155\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.373779296875,\n              43.42898792344155\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.373779296875,\n              42.67839711889055\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5328369140625,\n              42.67839711889055\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1589e4b0c8380cd54e6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blanchong, Julie A.","contributorId":6030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanchong","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13018,"text":"Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heisey, Dennis M. dheisey@usgs.gov","contributorId":2455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisey","given":"Dennis","email":"dheisey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":95434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Libants, Scot V.","contributorId":126752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Libants","given":"Scot","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Chad","contributorId":88678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Chad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aiken, Judd M.","contributorId":64780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aiken","given":"Judd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Langenberg, Julia A.","contributorId":93619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langenberg","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70037221,"text":"70037221 - 2009 - Quantifying uncertainty in discharge measurements: A new approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037221","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Quantifying uncertainty in discharge measurements: A new approach","docAbstract":"The accuracy of discharge measurements using velocity meters and the velocity-area method is typically assessed based on empirical studies that may not correspond to conditions encountered in practice. In this paper, a statistical approach for assessing uncertainty based on interpolated variance estimation (IVE) is introduced. The IVE method quantifies all sources of random uncertainty in the measured data. This paper presents results employing data from sites where substantial over-sampling allowed for the comparison of IVE-estimated uncertainty and observed variability among repeated measurements. These results suggest that the IVE approach can provide approximate estimates of measurement uncertainty. The use of IVE to estimate the uncertainty of a discharge measurement would provide the hydrographer an immediate determination of uncertainty and help determine whether there is a need for additional sampling in problematic river cross sections. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceDate":"17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009","conferenceLocation":"Kansas City, MO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/41036(342)599","isbn":"9780784410363","usgsCitation":"Kiang, J., Cohn, T., and Mason, R., 2009, Quantifying uncertainty in discharge measurements: A new approach, <i>in</i> Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers, v. 342, Kansas City, MO, 17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009, p. 5924-5931, https://doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)599.","startPage":"5924","endPage":"5931","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217254,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)599"},{"id":245185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"342","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91f0e4b0c8380cd8055f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kiang, J.E.","contributorId":101058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiang","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohn, T.A.","contributorId":84789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mason, R.R.","contributorId":34520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037239,"text":"70037239 - 2009 - Combining particle-tracking and geochemical data to assess public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037239","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining particle-tracking and geochemical data to assess public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium","docAbstract":"Flow-model particle-tracking results and geochemical data from seven study areas across the United States were analyzed using three statistical methods to test the hypothesis that these variables can successfully be used to assess public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium. Principal components analysis indicated that arsenic and uranium concentrations were associated with particle-tracking variables that simulate time of travel and water fluxes through aquifer systems and also through specific redox and pH zones within aquifers. Time-of-travel variables are important because many geochemical reactions are kinetically limited, and geochemical zonation can account for different modes of mobilization and fate. Spearman correlation analysis established statistical significance for correlations of arsenic and uranium concentrations with variables derived using the particle-tracking routines. Correlations between uranium concentrations and particle-tracking variables were generally strongest for variables computed for distinct redox zones. Classification tree analysis on arsenic concentrations yielded a quantitative categorical model using time-of-travel variables and solid-phase-arsenic concentrations. The classification tree model accuracy on the learning data subset was 70%, and on the testing data subset, 79%, demonstrating one application in which particle-tracking variables can be used predictively in a quantitative screening-level assessment of public supply well vulnerability. Ground-water management actions that are based on avoidance of young ground water, reflecting the premise that young ground water is more vulnerable to anthropogenic contaminants than is old ground water, may inadvertently lead to increased vulnerability to natural contaminants due to the tendency for concentrations of many natural contaminants to increase with increasing ground-water residence time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.020","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, S., Kauffman, L.J., Thomas, M., Brown, C.J., McCarthy, K.A., Eberts, S.M., Rosen, M.R., and Katz, B., 2009, Combining particle-tracking and geochemical data to assess public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium: Journal of Hydrology, v. 376, no. 1-2, p. 132-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.020.","startPage":"132","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217086,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.020"},{"id":244999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"376","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7e0e4b0c8380cd4cd49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, S.R.","contributorId":74778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauffman, L. J. 0000-0003-4564-0362","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":65217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":460025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, M.A.","contributorId":66877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, C. J.","contributorId":90342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCarthy, K. A.","contributorId":107309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eberts, S. M.","contributorId":28276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R.","contributorId":43096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70037248,"text":"70037248 - 2009 - A comparison of pre- and post-remediation water quality, Mineral Creek, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T09:58:33","indexId":"70037248","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of pre- and post-remediation water quality, Mineral Creek, Colorado","docAbstract":"Pre- and post-remediation data sets are used herein to assess the effectiveness of remedial measures implemented in the headwaters of the Mineral Creek watershed, where contamination from hard rock mining has led to elevated metal concentrations and acidic pH. Collection of pre- and post-remediation data sets generally followed the synoptic mass balance approach, in which numerous stream and inflow locations are sampled for the constituents of interest and estimates of streamflow are determined by tracer dilution. The comparison of pre- and post-remediation data sets is confounded by hydrologic effects and the effects of temporal variation. Hydrologic effects arise due to the relatively wet conditions that preceded the collection of pre-remediation data, and the relatively dry conditions associated with the post-remediation data set. This difference leads to a dilution effect in the upper part of the study reach, where pre-remediation concentrations were diluted by rainfall, and a source area effect in the lower part of the study reach, where a smaller portion of the watershed may have been contributing constituent mass during the drier post-remediation period. A second confounding factor, temporal variability, violates the steady-state assumption that underlies the synoptic mass balance approach, leading to false identification of constituent sources and sinks. Despite these complications, remedial actions completed in the Mineral Creek headwaters appear to have led to improvements in stream water quality, as post-remediation profiles of instream load are consistently lower than the pre-remediation profiles over the entire study reach for six of the eight constituents considered (aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc). Concentrations of aluminium, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc remain above chronic aquatic-life standards, however, and additional remedial actions may be needed. Future implementations of the synoptic mass balance approach should be preceded by an assessment of temporal variability, and modifications to the synoptic sampling protocol should be made if necessary.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7427","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R., Bencala, K., Kimball, B.A., Walton-Day, K., and Verplanck, P., 2009, A comparison of pre- and post-remediation water quality, Mineral Creek, Colorado: Hydrological Processes, v. 23, no. 23, p. 3319-3333, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7427.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3319","endPage":"3333","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217225,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7427"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Mineral Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"23","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e370e4b0c8380cd46007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walton-Day, K.","contributorId":14054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037250,"text":"70037250 - 2009 - High-frequency Rayleigh-wave method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T01:39:58.467449","indexId":"70037250","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5952,"text":"Earth Science","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-frequency Rayleigh-wave method","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p>High-frequency (≥2 Hz) Rayleigh-wave data acquired with a multichannel recording system have been utilized to determine shear (S)-wave velocities in near-surface geophysics since the early 1980s. This overview article discusses the main research results of high-frequency surface-wave techniques achieved by research groups at the Kansas Geological Survey and China University of Geosciences in the last 15 years. The multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method is a non-invasive acoustic approach to estimate near-surface S-wave velocity. The differences between MASW results and direct borehole measurements are approximately 15% or less and random. Studies show that simultaneous inversion with higher modes and the fundamental mode can increase model resolution and an investigation depth. The other important seismic property, quality factor (<i>Q</i>), can also be estimated with the MASW method by inverting attenuation coefficients of Rayleigh waves. An inverted model (S-wave velocity or<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i>) obtained using a damped least-squares method can be assessed by an optimal damping vector in a vicinity of the inverted model determined by an objective function, which is the trace of a weighted sum of model-resolution and model-covariance matrices. Current developments include modeling high-frequency Rayleigh-waves in near-surface media, which builds a foundation for shallow seismic or Rayleigh-wave inversion in the time-offset domain; imaging dispersive energy with high resolution in the frequency-velocity domain and possibly with data in an arbitrary acquisition geometry, which opens a door for 3D surface-wave techniques; and successfully separating surface-wave modes, which provides a valuable tool to perform S-wave velocity profiling with high-horizontal resolution.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12583-009-0047-7","issn":"1674487X","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Miller, R., Xu, Y., Luo, Y., Chen, C., Liu, J., Ivanov, J., and Zeng, C., 2009, High-frequency Rayleigh-wave method: Earth Science, v. 20, no. 3, p. 563-579, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-009-0047-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"579","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245186,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30e8e4b0c8380cd5da5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, C.","contributorId":98490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zeng, C.","contributorId":94519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70037274,"text":"70037274 - 2009 - Predatory senescence in ageing wolves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037274","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predatory senescence in ageing wolves","docAbstract":"It is well established that ageing handicaps the ability of prey to escape predators, yet surprisingly little is known about how ageing affects the ability of predators to catch prey. Research into long-lived predators has assumed that adults have uniform impacts on prey regardless of age. Here we use longitudinal data from repeated observations of individually-known wolves (Canis lupus) hunting elk (Cervus elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park to demonstrate that adult predatory performance declines with age and that an increasing ratio of senescent individuals in the wolf population depresses the rate of prey offtake. Because this ratio fluctuates independently of population size, predatory senescence may cause wolf populations of equal size but different age structure to have different impacts on prey populations. These findings suggest that predatory senescence is an important, though overlooked, factor affecting predator-prey dynamics. ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01385.x","issn":"1461023X","usgsCitation":"MacNulty, D., Smith, D., Vucetich, J., Mech, L., Stahler, D., and Packer, C., 2009, Predatory senescence in ageing wolves: Ecology Letters, v. 12, no. 12, p. 1347-1356, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01385.x.","startPage":"1347","endPage":"1356","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476437,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01385.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217145,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01385.x"},{"id":245064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a817fe4b0c8380cd7b570","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacNulty, D.R.","contributorId":7661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacNulty","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D.W.","contributorId":24726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vucetich, J.A.","contributorId":36098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vucetich","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stahler, D.R.","contributorId":90107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahler","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Packer, C.","contributorId":45532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}