{"pageNumber":"791","pageRowStart":"19750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46882,"records":[{"id":70035854,"text":"70035854 - 2009 - An estimate of the historic population size of adult pallid sturgeon in the upper Missouri river basin, Montana and North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035854","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An estimate of the historic population size of adult pallid sturgeon in the upper Missouri river basin, Montana and North Dakota","docAbstract":"Juvenile pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus raised in hatcheries and stocked in the wild are used to augment critically imperiled populations of this federally endangered species in the United States. For pallid sturgeon in recovery priority management area 2 (RPMA 2) of the Missouri River and lower Yellowstone River where natural recruitment has not occurred for decades, restoration programs aim to stock an annual minimum of 9000 juvenile pallid sturgeon for 20 years to re-establish a minimum population of 1700 adults. However, establishment of this target was based on general guidelines for maintaining the genetic integrity of populations rather than pallid sturgeon-specific demographic information because data on the historical population size was lacking. In this study, information from a recent population estimate (158 wild adults in 2004, 95% confidence interval 129-193 adults) and an empirically derived adult mortality rate (5%) was used in a cohort population model to back-estimate the historic abundance of adult pallid sturgeon in RPMA 2. Three back-estimation age models were developed, and assumed that adults alive during 2004 were 30-, 40-, or 50-years old. Based on these age assumptions, population sizes [??95% confidence intervals; (CI)] were back-estimated to 1989, 1979, and 1969 to approximate size of the population when individuals would have been sexually mature (15 years old) and capable of spawning. Back-estimations yielded predictions of 344 adults in 1989 (95% CI 281-420), 577 adults in 1979 (95% CI 471-704), and 968 adults in 1969 (95% CI 790-1182) for the 30-, 40-, and 50-year age models, respectively. Although several assumptions are inherent in the back-estimation models, results suggest the juvenile stocking program for pallid sturgeon will likely re-establish an adult population that equals in the short-term and exceeds in the long-term the predicted population numbers that occurred during past decades in RPMA 2. However, re-establishment of a large population in RPMA 2 that exceeds populations present 40+ years ago should be considered conservatively, as this strategy will increase the number of reproductive adults and thereby increase the likelihood for natural recruitment in this recruitment-limited system. ?? 2009 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01195.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Braaten, P., Fuller, D., Lott, R., and Jordan, G., 2009, An estimate of the historic population size of adult pallid sturgeon in the upper Missouri river basin, Montana and North Dakota, <i>in</i> Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 25, no. SUPPL. 2, p. 2-7, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01195.x.","startPage":"2","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216198,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01195.x"},{"id":244052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"SUPPL. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea42e4b0c8380cd4873f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braaten, P.J.","contributorId":98857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braaten","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, D.B.","contributorId":74116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuller","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5099,"text":"Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":452764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lott, R.D.","contributorId":93172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lott","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jordan, G.R.","contributorId":38386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037004,"text":"70037004 - 2009 - Moderate rates of late Quaternary slip along the northwestern margin of the Basin and Range Province, Surprise Valley fault, northeastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-01T09:59:34","indexId":"70037004","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moderate rates of late Quaternary slip along the northwestern margin of the Basin and Range Province, Surprise Valley fault, northeastern California","docAbstract":"The 86-km-long Surprise Valley normal fault forms part of the active northwestern margin of the Basin and Range province in northeastern California. We use trench mapping and radiocarbon, luminescence, and tephra dating to estimate displacements and timing of the past five surface-rupturing earthquakes on the central part of the fault near Cedarville. A Bayesian OxCal analysis of timing constraints indicates earthquake times of 18.2 &plusmn; 2.6, 10.9 &plusmn; 3.2, 8.5 &plusmn; 0.5, 5.8 &plusmn; 1.5, and 1.2 &plusmn; 0.1 ka. These data yield recurrence intervals of 7.3 &plusmn; 4.1, 2.5 &plusmn; 3.2, 2.7 &plusmn; 1.6, and 4.5 &plusmn; 1.5 ka and an elapsed time of 1.2 &plusmn; 0.1 ka since the latest surface-rupturing earthquake. Our best estimate of latest Quaternary vertical slip rate is 0.6 ?? 0.1 mm/a. This late Quaternary rate is remarkably similar to long-term (8-14 Ma) minimum vertical slip rates (>0.4-0.5 &plusmn; 0.3 mm/a) calculated from recently acquired seismic reflection and chronologic and structural data in Surprise Valley and the adjacent Warner Mountains. However, our slip rate yields estimates of extension that are lower than recent campaign GPS determinations by factors of 1.5-4 unless the fault has an unusually shallow (30&deg;-35&deg;) dip as suggested by recently acquired seismic reflection data. Coseismic displacements of 2-4.5 &plusmn; 1 m documented in the trench and probable rupture lengths of 53-65 km indicate a history of latest Quaternary earthquakes of <i>M</i> 6.8-7.3 on the central part of the. Surprise Valley fault.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1029/2008JB006164","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Personius, S.F., Crone, A.J., Machette, M., Mahan, S., and Lidke, D.J., 2009, Moderate rates of late Quaternary slip along the northwestern margin of the Basin and Range Province, Surprise Valley fault, northeastern California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 9, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006164.","productDescription":"17 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476226,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb006164","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217212,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006164"},{"id":245139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Surprise Valley Fault","volume":"114","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c83e4b0c8380cd6fd5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Personius, Stephen F. personius@usgs.gov","contributorId":1214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"Stephen","email":"personius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crone, Anthony J. 0000-0002-3006-406X crone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-406X","contributorId":790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Anthony","email":"crone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Machette, Michael N.","contributorId":28963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lidke, David J. 0000-0003-4668-1617 dlidke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-1617","contributorId":1211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidke","given":"David","email":"dlidke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035855,"text":"70035855 - 2009 - The results of nocturnal visual surveys are influenced by lamp properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035855","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":837,"text":"Applied Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The results of nocturnal visual surveys are influenced by lamp properties","docAbstract":"We conducted standardized visual searches at night for brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) and geckos, where we alternated between spotlight and floodlight lamps. Floodlights rendered us 25% more snakes and 71% more geckos than did spotlights. We show data on searcher variability and discuss what might affect the relative benefit of different lamp types. ?? 2009 Brill Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1163/157075309X12470350858398","issn":"15707539","usgsCitation":"Lardner, B., Savidge, J.A., Rodda, G., Reed, R., and Adams, A., 2009, The results of nocturnal visual surveys are influenced by lamp properties: Applied Herpetology, v. 6, no. 4, p. 391-396, https://doi.org/10.1163/157075309X12470350858398.","startPage":"391","endPage":"396","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216199,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075309X12470350858398"},{"id":244053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf3de4b08c986b324654","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lardner, B.","contributorId":101910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lardner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savidge, J. A.","contributorId":36078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savidge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reed, R.N. 0000-0001-8349-6168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-6168","contributorId":49092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"R.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, A.A.Y.","contributorId":50369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"A.A.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035851,"text":"70035851 - 2009 - Joint inversion for Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs at SAFOD, Parkfield, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035851","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Joint inversion for Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs at SAFOD, Parkfield, California","docAbstract":"We refined the three-dimensional (3-D) Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs models around the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) site using a new double-difference (DD) seismic tomography code (tomoDDPS) that simultaneously solves for earthquake locations and all three velocity models using both absolute and differential P, S, and S-P times. This new method is able to provide a more robust Vp/Vs model than that from the original DD tomography code (tomoDD), obtained simply by dividing Vp by Vs. For the new inversion, waveform cross-correlation times for earthquakes from 2001 to 2002 were also used, in addition to arrival times from earthquakes and explosions in the region. The Vp values extracted from the model along the SAFOD trajectory match well with the borehole log data, providing in situ confirmation of our results. Similar to previous tomographic studies, the 3-D structure around Parkfield is dominated by the velocity contrast across the San Andreas Fault (SAF). In both the Vp and Vs models, there is a clear low-velocity zone as deep as 7 km along the SAF trace, compatible with the findings from fault zone guided waves. There is a high Vp/Vs anomaly zone on the southwest side of the SAF trace that is about 1-2 km wide and extends as deep as 4 km, which is interpreted to be due to fluids and fractures in the package of sedimentary rocks abutting the Salinian basement rock to the southwest. The relocated earthquakes align beneath the northeast edge of this high Vp/Vs zone. We carried out a 2-D correlation analysis for an existing resistivity model and the corresponding profiles through our model, yielding a classification that distinguishes several major lithologies. ?? 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2009GC002709","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Zhang, H., Thurber, C., and Bedrosian, P., 2009, Joint inversion for Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs at SAFOD, Parkfield, California: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 10, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002709.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216143,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002709"},{"id":243991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4000e4b0c8380cd649b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, H.","contributorId":50311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurber, C.","contributorId":107046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bedrosian, P.","contributorId":53158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035853,"text":"70035853 - 2009 - Distribution of melt beneath Mount St Helens and Mount Adams inferred from magnetotelluric data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035853","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of melt beneath Mount St Helens and Mount Adams inferred from magnetotelluric data","docAbstract":"Three prominent volcanoes that form part of the Cascade mountain range in Washington State (USA)Mounts StHelens, Adams and Rainierare located on the margins of a mid-crustal zone of high electrical conductivity<sup>1,5</sup>. Interconnected melt can increase the bulk conductivity of the region containing the melt<sup>6,7</sup>, which leads us to propose that the anomalous conductivity in this region is due to partial melt associated with the volcanism. Here we test this hypothesis by using magnetotelluric data recorded at a network of 85 locations in the area of the high-conductivity anomaly. Our data reveal that a localized zone of high conductivity beneath thisvolcano extends downwards to join the mid-crustal conductor. As our measurements were made during the recent period of lava extrusion at Mount St Helens, we infer that the conductivity anomaly associated with the localized zone, and by extension with the mid-crustal conductor, is caused by the presence of partial melt. Our interpretation is consistent with the crustal origin of silicic magmas erupting from Mount St Helens<sup>8</sup>, and explains the distribution of seismicity observed at the time of the catastrophic eruption in 1980 (refs9, 10). ?? 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/ngeo661","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Hill, G., Caldwell, T., Heise, W., Chertkoff, D., Bibby, H., Burgess, M., Cull, J., and Cas, R.A., 2009, Distribution of melt beneath Mount St Helens and Mount Adams inferred from magnetotelluric data: Nature Geoscience, v. 2, no. 11, p. 785-789, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo661.","startPage":"785","endPage":"789","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216174,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo661"},{"id":244024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02e0e4b0c8380cd50236","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, G.J.","contributorId":45140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, T.G.","contributorId":22988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heise, W.","contributorId":77766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heise","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chertkoff, D.G.","contributorId":51124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chertkoff","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bibby, H.M.","contributorId":21738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bibby","given":"H.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burgess, M.K.","contributorId":18601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cull, J.P.","contributorId":90131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cull","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cas, Ray A.F.","contributorId":44361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cas","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70036999,"text":"70036999 - 2009 - A method to assess longitudinal riverine connectivity in tropical streams dominated by migratory biota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:10","indexId":"70036999","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method to assess longitudinal riverine connectivity in tropical streams dominated by migratory biota","docAbstract":"1. One way in which dams affect ecosystem function is by altering the distribution and abundance of aquatic species. 2. Previous studies indicate that migratory shrimps have significant effects on ecosystem processes in Puerto Rican streams, but are vulnerable to impediments to upstream or downstream passage, such as dams and associated water intakes where stream water is withdrawn for human water supplies. Ecological effects of dams and water withdrawals from streams depend on spatial context and temporal variability of flow in relation to the amount of water withdrawn. 3. This paper presents a conceptual model for estimating the probability that an individual shrimp is able to migrate from a stream's headwaters to the estuary as a larva, and then return to the headwaters as a juvenile, given a set of dams and water withdrawals in the stream network. The model is applied to flow and withdrawal data for a set of dams and water withdrawals in the Caribbean National Forest (CNF) in Puerto Rico. 4. The index of longitudinal riverine connectivity (ILRC), is used to classify 17 water intakes in streams draining the CNF as having low, moderate, or high connectivity in terms of shrimp migration in both directions. An in-depth comparison of two streams showed that the stream characterized by higher water withdrawal had low connectivity, even during wet periods. Severity of effects is illustrated by a drought year, where the most downstream intake caused 100% larval shrimp mortality 78% of the year. 5. The ranking system provided by the index can be used as a tool for conservation ecologists and water resource managers to evaluate the relative vulnerability of migratory biota in streams, across different scales (reach-network), to seasonally low flows and extended drought. This information can be used to help evaluate the environmental tradeoffs of future water withdrawals. ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/aqc.1025","issn":"10527613","usgsCitation":"Crook, K., Pringle, C.M., and Freeman, M.C., 2009, A method to assess longitudinal riverine connectivity in tropical streams dominated by migratory biota: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, v. 19, no. 6, p. 714-723, https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.1025.","startPage":"714","endPage":"723","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217154,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.1025"},{"id":245075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e45fe4b0c8380cd465f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crook, K.E.","contributorId":19410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crook","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pringle, C. M.","contributorId":72902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pringle","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034923,"text":"70034923 - 2009 - Near term climate projections for invasive species distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034923","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near term climate projections for invasive species distributions","docAbstract":"Climate change and invasive species pose important conservation issues separately, and should be examined together. We used existing long term climate datasets for the US to project potential climate change into the future at a finer spatial and temporal resolution than the climate change scenarios generally available. These fine scale projections, along with new species distribution modeling techniques to forecast the potential extent of invasive species, can provide useful information to aide conservation and invasive species management efforts. We created habitat suitability maps for Pueraria montana (kudzu) under current climatic conditions and potential average conditions up to 30 years in the future. We examined how the potential distribution of this species will be affected by changing climate, and the management implications associated with these changes. Our models indicated that P. montana may increase its distribution particularly in the Northeast with climate change and may decrease in other areas. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10530-008-9345-8","issn":"13873547","usgsCitation":"Jarnevich, C., and Stohlgren, T., 2009, Near term climate projections for invasive species distributions: Biological Invasions, v. 11, no. 6, p. 1373-1379, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9345-8.","startPage":"1373","endPage":"1379","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215822,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9345-8"},{"id":243649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63d4e4b0c8380cd7270a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarnevich, C. S.","contributorId":54932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034925,"text":"70034925 - 2009 - Sources and transformations of nitrate from streams draining varying land uses: Evidence from dual isotope analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:43:02","indexId":"70034925","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources and transformations of nitrate from streams draining varying land uses: Evidence from dual isotope analysis","docAbstract":"Knowledge of key sources and biogeochemical processes that affect the transport of nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) in streams can inform watershed management strategies for controlling downstream eutrophication. We applied dual isotope analysis of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> to determine the dominant sources and processes that affect NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> concentrations in six stream/river watersheds of different land uses. Samples were collected monthly at a range of flow conditions for 15 mo during 2004-05 and analyzed for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> concentrations, ?? <sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub>, and ??<sup>18</sup>O<sub>NO3</sub>. Samples from two forested watersheds indicated that NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> derived from nitrification was dominant at baseflow. A watershed dominated by suburban land use had three ??<sup>18</sup>O<sub>NO3</sub> values greater than +25???, indicating a large direct contribution of atmospheric NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> transported to the stream during some high flows. Two watersheds with large proportions of agricultural land use had many ??<sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub> values greater than +9???, suggesting an animal waste source consistent with regional dairy farming practices. These data showed a linear seasonal pattern with a ??<sup>18</sup>O <sub>NO3</sub>:??<sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub> of 1:2, consistent with seasonally varying denitrification that peaked in late summer to early fall with the warmest temperatures and lowest annual streamflow. The large range of ?? <sup>15</sup>N<sub>NO3</sub> values (10???) indicates that NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> supply was likely not limiting the rate of denitrification, consistent with ground water and/or in-stream denitrification. Mixing of two or more distinct sources may have affected the seasonal isotope patterns observed in these two agricultural streams. In a mixed land use watershed of large drainage area, none of the source and process patterns observed in the small streams were evident. These results emphasize that observations at watersheds of a few to a few hundred km<sup>2</sup> may be necessary to adequately quantify the relative roles of various NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> transport and process patterns that contribute to streamflow in large basins. Copyright ?? 2009 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2008.0371","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., Boyer, E., Elliott, E., and Kendall, C., 2009, Sources and transformations of nitrate from streams draining varying land uses: Evidence from dual isotope analysis: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 38, no. 3, p. 1149-1159, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0371.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1149","endPage":"1159","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215851,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0371"},{"id":243682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b935ee4b08c986b31a46a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyer, E.W.","contributorId":56358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, E.M.","contributorId":78064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036927,"text":"70036927 - 2009 - Strontium isotope record of seasonal scale variations in sediment sources and accumulation in low-energy, subtidal areas of the lower Hudson River estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:59","indexId":"70036927","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium isotope record of seasonal scale variations in sediment sources and accumulation in low-energy, subtidal areas of the lower Hudson River estuary","docAbstract":"Strontium isotope (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr) profiles in sediment cores collected from two subtidal harbor slips in the lower Hudson River estuary in October 2001 exhibit regular patterns of variability with depth. Using additional evidence from sediment Ca/Sr ratios, <sup>137</sup>Cs activity and Al, carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>), and organic carbon (OC<sub>sed</sub>) concentration profiles, it can be shown that the observed variability reflects differences in the relative input and trapping of fine-grained sediment from seaward sources vs. landward sources linked to seasonal-scale changes in freshwater flow. During high flow conditions, the geochemical data indicate that most of the fine-grained sediments trapped in the estuary are newly eroded basin materials. During lower (base) flow conditions, a higher fraction of mature materials from seaward sources with higher carbonate content is trapped in the lower estuary. Results show that high-resolution, multi-geochemical tracer approaches utilizing strontium isotope ratios (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr) can distinguish sediment sources and constrain seasonal scale variations in sediment trapping and accumulation in dynamic estuarine environments. Low-energy, subtidal areas such as those in this study are important sinks for metastable, short-to-medium time scale sediment accumulation. These results also show that these same areas can serve as natural recorders of physical, chemical, and biological processes that affect particle and particle-associated material dynamics over seasonal-to-yearly time scales. ?? 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.03.026","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., Bullen, T., Brabander, D., and Olsen, C., 2009, Strontium isotope record of seasonal scale variations in sediment sources and accumulation in low-energy, subtidal areas of the lower Hudson River estuary: Chemical Geology, v. 264, no. 1-4, p. 375-384, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.03.026.","startPage":"375","endPage":"384","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217802,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.03.026"},{"id":245774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"264","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9baee4b08c986b31d020","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J.P.","contributorId":54276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brabander, D.J.","contributorId":24600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabander","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olsen, C.R.","contributorId":26442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036926,"text":"70036926 - 2009 - Fate of sulfamethoxazole, 4-nonylphenol, and 17β-estradiol in groundwater contaminated by wastewater treatment plant effluent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:38:44","indexId":"70036926","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of sulfamethoxazole, 4-nonylphenol, and 17β-estradiol in groundwater contaminated by wastewater treatment plant effluent","docAbstract":"<p><span>Organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) were measured in samples collected from monitoring wells located along a 4.5-km transect of a plume of groundwater contaminated by 60 years of continuous rapid infiltration disposal of wastewater treatment plant effluent. Fifteen percent of the 212 OWCs analyzed were detected, including the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SX), the nonionic surfactant degradation product 4-nonylphenol (NP), the solvent tetrachloroethene (PCE), and the disinfectant 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB). Comparison of the 2005 sampling results to data collected from the same wells in 1985 indicates that PCE and DCB are transported more rapidly in the aquifer than NP, consistent with predictions based on compound hydrophobicity. Natural gradient in situ tracer experiments were conducted to evaluate the subsurface behavior of SX, NP, and the female sex hormone 17&beta;-estradiol (E2) in two oxic zones in the aquifer: (1) a downgradient transition zone at the interface between the contamination plume and the overlying uncontaminated groundwater and (2) a contaminated zone located beneath the infiltration beds, which have not been loaded for 10 years. In both zones, breakthrough curves for the conservative tracer bromide (Br</span><sup><span>&minus;</span></sup><span>) and SX were nearly coincident, whereas NP and E2 were retarded relative to Br</span><span>&minus;</span><span>&nbsp;and showed mass loss. Retardation was greater in the contaminated zone than in the transition zone. Attenuation of NP and E2 in the aquifer was attributed to biotransformation, and oxic laboratory microcosm experiments using sediments from the transition and contaminated zones show that uniform-ring-labeled&nbsp;</span><sup><span>14</span></sup><span>C 4-normal-NP was biodegraded more rapidly (30&minus;60% recovered as&nbsp;</span><sup><span>14</span></sup><span>CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>&nbsp;in 13 days) than 4-</span><span>14</span><span>C E2 (20&minus;90% recovered as&nbsp;</span><sup><span>14</span></sup><span>CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>in 54 days). There was little difference in mineralization potential between sites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es803292v","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Keefe, S.H., LeBlanc, D.R., Bradley, P.M., Chapelle, F.H., Meyer, M.T., Loftin, K.A., Koplin, D.W., and Rubio, F., 2009, Fate of sulfamethoxazole, 4-nonylphenol, and 17β-estradiol in groundwater contaminated by wastewater treatment plant effluent: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 13, p. 4843-4850, https://doi.org/10.1021/es803292v.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4843","endPage":"4850","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es803292v"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.8673095703125,\n              41.52091689636249\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.8673095703125,\n              42.0125705565935\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.24108886718749,\n              42.0125705565935\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.24108886718749,\n              41.52091689636249\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.8673095703125,\n              41.52091689636249\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f13e4b0c8380cd53753","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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,{"id":70036925,"text":"70036925 - 2009 - On selecting a prior for the precision parameter of Dirichlet process mixture models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036925","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2464,"text":"Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On selecting a prior for the precision parameter of Dirichlet process mixture models","docAbstract":"In hierarchical mixture models the Dirichlet process is used to specify latent patterns of heterogeneity, particularly when the distribution of latent parameters is thought to be clustered (multimodal). The parameters of a Dirichlet process include a precision parameter ?? and a base probability measure G<sub>0</sub>. In problems where ?? is unknown and must be estimated, inferences about the level of clustering can be sensitive to the choice of prior assumed for ??. In this paper an approach is developed for computing a prior for the precision parameter ?? that can be used in the presence or absence of prior information about the level of clustering. This approach is illustrated in an analysis of counts of stream fishes. The results of this fully Bayesian analysis are compared with an empirical Bayes analysis of the same data and with a Bayesian analysis based on an alternative commonly used prior.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jspi.2009.03.009","issn":"03783758","usgsCitation":"Dorazio, R., 2009, On selecting a prior for the precision parameter of Dirichlet process mixture models: Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, v. 139, no. 9, p. 3384-3390, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2009.03.009.","startPage":"3384","endPage":"3390","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217750,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2009.03.009"}],"volume":"139","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dace4b0c8380cd75277","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036920,"text":"70036920 - 2009 - Absolute stellar photometry on moderate-resolution FPA images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036920","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2718,"text":"Metrologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Absolute stellar photometry on moderate-resolution FPA images","docAbstract":"An extensive database of star (and Moon) images has been collected by the ground-based RObotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) as part of the US Geological Survey program for lunar calibration. The stellar data are used to derive nightly atmospheric corrections for the observations from extinction measurements, and absolute calibration of the ROLO sensors is based on observations of Vega and published reference flux and spectrum data. The ROLO telescopes were designed for imaging the Moon at moderate resolution, thus imposing some limitations for the stellar photometry. Attaining accurate stellar photometry with the ROLO image data has required development of specialized processing techniques. A key consideration is consistency in discriminating the star core signal from the off-axis point spread function. The analysis and processing methods applied to the ROLO stellar image database are described. ?? 2009 BIPM and IOP Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Metrologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/46/4/S17","issn":"00261394","usgsCitation":"Stone, T., 2009, Absolute stellar photometry on moderate-resolution FPA images: Metrologia, v. 46, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/46/4/S17.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217691,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/46/4/S17"},{"id":245651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e64be4b0c8380cd47314","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, T.C.","contributorId":74874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036918,"text":"70036918 - 2009 - Process recognition in multi-element soil and stream-sediment geochemical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036918","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Process recognition in multi-element soil and stream-sediment geochemical data","docAbstract":"Stream-sediment and soil geochemical data from the Upper and Lower Coastal Plains of South Carolina (USA) were studied to determine relationships between soils and stream sediments. From multi-element associations, characteristic compositions were determined for both media. Primary associations of elements reflect mineralogy, including heavy minerals, carbonates and clays, and the effects of groundwater. The effects of groundwater on element concentrations are more evident in soils than stream sediments. A \"winnowing index\" was created using ratios of Th to Al that revealed differing erosional and depositional environments. Both soils and stream sediments from the Upper and Lower Coastal Plains show derivation from similar materials and subsequent similar multi-element relationships, but have some distinct differences. In the Lower Coastal Plain, soils have high values of elements concentrated in heavy minerals (Ce, Y, Th) that grade into high values of elements concentrated into finer-grain-size, lower-density materials, primarily comprised of carbonates and feldspar minerals (Mg, Ca, Na, K, Al). These gradational trends in mineralogy and geochemistry are inferred to reflect reworking of materials during marine transgressions and regressions. Upper Coastal Plain stream-sediment geochemistry shows a higher winnowing index relative to soil geochemistry. A comparison of the 4 media (Upper Coastal Plain soils and stream sediments and Lower Coastal Plain soils and stream sediments) shows that Upper Coastal Plain stream sediments have a higher winnowing index and a higher concentration of elements contained within heavy minerals, whereas Lower Coastal Plain stream sediments show a strong correlation between elements typically contained within clays. It is not possible to calculate a functional relationship between stream sediment-soil compositions for all elements due to the complex history of weathering, deposition, reworking and re-deposition. However, depending on the spatial separation of the stream-sediment and soil samples, some elements are more highly correlated than others. Crown Copyright ?? 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.024","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Grunsky, E., Drew, L., and Sutphin, D.M., 2009, Process recognition in multi-element soil and stream-sediment geochemical data: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1602-1616, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.024.","startPage":"1602","endPage":"1616","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217664,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.024"},{"id":245621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8d89e4b0c8380cd7ec99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grunsky, E.C.","contributorId":91718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grunsky","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sutphin, D. M.","contributorId":27424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034943,"text":"70034943 - 2009 - Evaluation of irrigation canal networks to assess stream connectivity in a watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034943","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of irrigation canal networks to assess stream connectivity in a watershed","docAbstract":"We used digital data sets, aerial photos and direct field observations in a geographical information system to evaluate the stream habitat in an Idaho watershed affected by agriculture. We found that the scale of the digital data sets affected the outcome of the assessment due to the presence of dewatered stream channels in the drainage. We analysed the spatial configuration of irrigation canals in the watershed to determine if the contemporary stream network connectivity could be attributed to human- caused or to natural hydrological processes. Many irrigation canals were significantly longer than would have been expected if these canals were constructed to capture water from the closest portion of the abandoned stream channels. Our findings provide evidence that some of these tributary streams had reaches that were likely ephemeral or intermittent at the time of canal construction. Our approach for assessing stream and irrigation network connectivity in pastoral and agricultural lands should aid managers in prioritizing the effective and appropriate reconnection efforts. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.1171","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Colvin, M., and Moffitt, C., 2009, Evaluation of irrigation canal networks to assess stream connectivity in a watershed: River Research and Applications, v. 25, no. 4, p. 486-496, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1171.","startPage":"486","endPage":"496","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215647,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1171"},{"id":243464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c8ce4b0c8380cd52bc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colvin, M.E.","contributorId":53190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvin","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moffitt, C.M.","contributorId":84554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffitt","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034946,"text":"70034946 - 2009 - Environmental influences on speleothem growth in southwestern Oregon during the last 380, 000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-27T11:13:24","indexId":"70034946","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental influences on speleothem growth in southwestern Oregon during the last 380, 000 years","docAbstract":"<p>The growth of carbonate formations in caves (speleothems) is sensitive to changes in environmental conditions at the surface (temperature, precipitation and vegetation) and can provide useful paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental information. We use 73 <sup>230</sup>Th dates from speleothems collected from a cave in southwestern Oregon (USA) to constrain speleothem growth for the past 380&nbsp;000&nbsp;years. Most speleothem growth occurred during interglacial periods, whereas little growth occurred during glacial intervals. To evaluate potential environmental controls on speleothem growth we use two new modeling approaches: i) a one-dimensional thermal advection&ndash;diffusion model to estimate cave temperatures during the last glacial cycle, and ii) a regional climate model simulation for the Last Glacial Maximum (21&nbsp;000&nbsp;years before present) that assesses a range of potential controls on speleothem growth under peak glacial conditions. The two models are mutually consistent in indicating that permafrost formation did not influence speleothem growth during glacial periods. Instead, the regional climate model simulation combined with proxy data suggest that the influence of the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets on atmospheric circulation induced substantial changes in water balance in the Pacific Northwest and affected speleothem growth at our location. The overall drier conditions during glacial intervals and associated periods of frozen topsoil at times of maximum surface runoff likely induced drastic changes in cave recharge and limited speleothem growth. This mechanism could have affected speleothem growth in other mid-latitude caves without requiring the presence of permafrost.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.008","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Ersek, V., Hostetler, S.W., Cheng, H., Clark, P., Anslow, F.S., Mix, A.C., and Edwards, R.L., 2009, Environmental influences on speleothem growth in southwestern Oregon during the last 380, 000 years: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 279, no. 3-4, p. 316-325, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.008.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"316","endPage":"325","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215679,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.008"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.02636718749999,\n              42.016651835568226\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.98242187499999,\n              44.213709909702054\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.22412109375,\n              44.37098696297173\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.52099609375,\n              45.644768217751924\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.00439453125,\n              46.057985244793024\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.18017578125,\n              45.98169518512228\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.0478515625,\n              46.01222384063236\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.498046875,\n              45.75219336063106\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.58544921875,\n              45.62940492064501\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.98095703125,\n              46.11894150610708\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.03564453125,\n              46.195042108660154\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.60693359374999,\n              42.81152174509788\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.45312499999999,\n              42.56926437219384\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.43115234375,\n              42.24478535602799\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.25537109375,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.02636718749999,\n              42.016651835568226\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"279","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09d2e4b0c8380cd520a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ersek, Vasile","contributorId":37560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ersek","given":"Vasile","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheng, Hai","contributorId":85896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Hai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Peter U.","contributorId":68994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Peter U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anslow, Faron S.","contributorId":35442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anslow","given":"Faron","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mix, Alan C.","contributorId":83346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mix","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Edwards, R. 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,{"id":70034952,"text":"70034952 - 2009 - Implications for the dynamic health of a glacier from comparison of conventional and reference-surface balances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034952","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications for the dynamic health of a glacier from comparison of conventional and reference-surface balances","docAbstract":"Conventional and reference-surface mass-balance data from Gulkana and Wolverine Glaciers, Alaska, USA, are used to address the questions of how rapidly these glaciers are adjusting (or 'responding') to climate, whether their responses are stable, and whether the glaciers are likely to survive in today's climate. Instability means that a glacier will eventually vanish, or at least become greatly reduced in volume, if the climate stabilizes at its present state. A simple non-linear theory of response is presented for the analysis. The response of Gulkana Glacier is characterized by a timescale of several decades, but its stability and therefore its survival in today's climate are uncertain. Wolverine seems to be responding to climate more slowly, on the timescale of one to several centuries. Its stability is also uncertain, but a slower response time would make it more susceptible to climate changes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3189/172756409787769654","issn":"02603055","usgsCitation":"Harrison, W., Cox, L., Hock, R., March, R., and Pettit, E., 2009, Implications for the dynamic health of a glacier from comparison of conventional and reference-surface balances: Annals of Glaciology, v. 50, no. 50, p. 25-30, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769654.","startPage":"25","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476246,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769654","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215767,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769654"},{"id":243591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a391ae4b0c8380cd617d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, W.D.","contributorId":54749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, L.H.","contributorId":61609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hock, R.","contributorId":80921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hock","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"March, R.S.","contributorId":16431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"March","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pettit, E.C.","contributorId":50003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettit","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034953,"text":"70034953 - 2009 - Climatic implications of reconstructed early - Mid Pliocene equilibrium-line altitudes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034953","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic implications of reconstructed early - Mid Pliocene equilibrium-line altitudes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica","docAbstract":"Early-mid Pliocene moraines in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are more extensive than the present alpine glaciers in this region, indicating substantial climatic differences between the early-mid Pliocene and the present. To quantify this difference in the glacier-climate regime, we estimated the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) change since the early-mid Pliocene by calculating the modern ELA and reconstructing the ELAs of four alpine glaciers in Wright and Taylor Valleys at their early-mid Pliocene maxima. The area-altitude balance ratio method was used on modern and reconstructed early-mid Pliocene hypsometry. In Wright and Victoria Valleys, mass-balance data identify present-day ELAs of 800-1600 m a.s.l. and an average balance ratio of 1.1. The estimated ELAs of the much larger early-mid Pliocene glaciers in Wright and Taylor Valleys range from 600 to 950 ?? 170 m a.s.l., and thus are 250-600 ??170 m lower than modern ELAs in these valleys. The depressed ELAs during the early-mid-Pliocene most likely indicate a wetter and therefore warmer climate in the Dry Valleys during this period than previous studies have recognized.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3189/172756409787769564","issn":"02603055","usgsCitation":"Krusic, A., Prentice, M., and Licciardi, J., 2009, Climatic implications of reconstructed early - Mid Pliocene equilibrium-line altitudes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: Annals of Glaciology, v. 50, no. 50, p. 31-36, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769564.","startPage":"31","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476339,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769564","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215795,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769564"},{"id":243621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f667e4b0c8380cd4c742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krusic, A.G.","contributorId":105936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krusic","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prentice, M.L.","contributorId":81227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Licciardi, J. M.","contributorId":104721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Licciardi","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036917,"text":"70036917 - 2009 - Monitoring forest changes in the southwestern United States using multitemporal Landsat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T11:28:32","indexId":"70036917","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring forest changes in the southwestern United States using multitemporal Landsat data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Landsat time series data sets were acquired for the Santa Fe National Forest in New Mexico. This area includes the San Pedro Parks Wilderness area, which was designated as an official wilderness in 1964. Eight autumnal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) scenes acquired from 1988 to 2006 were analyzed to determine whether significant changes have occurred throughout the region during the past 18&nbsp;years and, if so, to assess whether the changes are long-term and gradual or short-term and abrupt. It was found that, starting in about 1995, many of the conifer stands within the Wilderness area showed consistently gradual and marked increases in the Shortwave Infrared/Near Infrared Index. These trends generally imply decreases in canopy greenness or increases in mortality. Other high-elevation conifer forests located outside of the Wilderness area showed similar spectral trends, indicating that changes are potentially widespread. The spatial patterns of forest damage as inferred from the image analyses were very similar to the general patterns of insect defoliation damage mapped via aerial sketch mapping by the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Health Monitoring Program. A field visit indicated that zones of spectral change are associated with high levels of forest damage and mortality, likely caused by a combination of insects and drought. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of using historical Landsat data for providing objective and consistent long-term assessments of the gradual ecosystem changes that are occurring within the western United States.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2009.04.014","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Vogelmann, J., Tolk, B.L., and Zhu, Z., 2009, Monitoring forest changes in the southwestern United States using multitemporal Landsat data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 113, no. 8, p. 1739-1748, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.04.014.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1739","endPage":"1748","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476269,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10654/38989","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217663,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.04.014"}],"volume":"113","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dace4b0c8380cd7050a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":458465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tolk, Brian L. 0000-0002-9060-0266 tolk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0266","contributorId":2992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolk","given":"Brian","email":"tolk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034980,"text":"70034980 - 2009 - Localized double-array stacking analysis of  PcP: <i>D″</i>  and ULVZ structure beneath the Cocos plate, Mexico, central Pacific, and north Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T09:31:42","indexId":"70034980","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Localized double-array stacking analysis of  PcP: <i>D″</i>  and ULVZ structure beneath the Cocos plate, Mexico, central Pacific, and north Pacific","docAbstract":"<p><span>A large, high quality P-wave data set comprising short-period and broadband signals sampling four separate regions in the lowermost mantle beneath the Cocos plate, Mexico, the central Pacific, and the north Pacific is analyzed using regional one-dimensional double-array stacking and modelling with reflectivity synthetics. A data-screening criterion retains only events with stable PcP energy in the final data stacks used for modelling and interpretation. This significantly improves the signal stacks relative to including unscreened observations, allows confident alignment on the PcP arrival and allows tight bounds to be placed on P-wave velocity structure above the core&ndash;mantle boundary (CMB). The PcP reflections under the Cocos plate are well modelled without any ultra-low velocity zone from 5 to 20&deg;N. At latitudes from 15 to 20&deg;N, we find evidence for two P-wave velocity discontinuities in the&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><span>&Prime; region. The first is &sim;182&nbsp;km above the CMB with a &delta;ln&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;of +1.5%, near the same depth as a weaker discontinuity (&lt;+0.5%) observed from 5 to 15&deg;N in prior work. The other reflector is &sim;454&nbsp;km above the CMB, with a &delta;ln&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;of +0.4%; this appears to be a shallower continuation of the joint P- and S-wave discontinuity previously detected south of 15&deg; N, which is presumed to be the perovskite to post-perovskite phase transition. The data stacks for paths bottoming below Mexico have PcP images that are well matched with the simple IASP91 structure, contradicting previous inferences of ULVZ presence in this region. These particular data are not very sensitive to any&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><span>&Prime; discontinuities, and simply bound them to be &lt;&sim;2%, if present. Data sampling the lowermost mantle beneath the central Pacific confirm the presence of a &sim;15-km thick ultra-low velocity zone (ULVZ) just above the CMB, with &delta;ln&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;and &delta;ln&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;of around &minus;3 to &minus;4% and &minus;4 to &minus;8%, respectively. The ULVZ models predict previous S-wave data stacks well. The data for this region indicate laterally varying&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;discontinuities in&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><span>&Prime;, with one subregion having a &delta;ln&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;of 0.5% 140&nbsp;km above the CMB. Beneath the north Pacific, the PcP arrivals are compatible with only weak ULVZ (&delta;ln&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;&sim;&nbsp;0 to &minus;3%), and there is a weak&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><span>&Prime; reflector with &delta;ln&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.5%, near 314&nbsp;km above the CMB. These results indicate localized occurrence of detectable ULVZ structures rather than ubiquitous ULVZ structure and emphasize the distinctiveness between the large low shear velocity province under the central Pacific and circum-Pacific regions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pepi.2008.11.003","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Hutko, A.R., Lay, T., and Revenaugh, J., 2009, Localized double-array stacking analysis of  PcP: <i>D″</i>  and ULVZ structure beneath the Cocos plate, Mexico, central Pacific, and north Pacific: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 173, no. 1-2, p. 60-74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2008.11.003.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"74","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215290,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2008.11.003"}],"country":"Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -175.60546875,\n              -42.0329743324414\n            ],\n            [\n              -175.60546875,\n              48.574789910928864\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.37890625,\n              48.574789910928864\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.37890625,\n              -42.0329743324414\n            ],\n            [\n              -175.60546875,\n              -42.0329743324414\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"173","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48f3e4b0c8380cd68261","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutko, Alexander R.","contributorId":101788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutko","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lay, Thorne","contributorId":70284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lay","given":"Thorne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Revenaugh, Justin","contributorId":86465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revenaugh","given":"Justin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034982,"text":"70034982 - 2009 - The source of infrasound associated with long-period events at mount St. Helens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T09:00:08","indexId":"70034982","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The source of infrasound associated with long-period events at mount St. Helens","docAbstract":"<p>During the early stages of the 2004-2008 Mount St. Helens eruption, the source process that produced a sustained sequence of repetitive long-period (LP) seismic events also produced impulsive broadband infrasonic signals in the atmosphere. To assess whether the signals could be generated simply by seismic-acoustic coupling from the shallow LP events, we perform finite difference simulation of the seismo-acoustic wavefield using a single numerical scheme for the elastic ground and atmosphere. The effects of topography, velocity structure, wind, and source configuration are considered. The simulations show that a shallow source buried in a homogeneous elastic solid produces a complex wave train in the atmosphere consisting of P/SV and Rayleigh wave energy converted locally along the propagation path, and acoustic energy originating from , the source epicenter. Although the horizontal acoustic velocity of the latter is consistent with our data, the modeled amplitude ratios of pressure to vertical seismic velocity are too low in comparison with observations, and the characteristic differences in seismic and acoustic waveforms and spectra cannot be reproduced from a common point source. The observations therefore require a more complex source process in which the infrasonic signals are a record of only the broadband pressure excitation mechanism of the seismic LP events. The observations and numerical results can be explained by a model involving the repeated rapid pressure loss from a hydrothermal crack by venting into a shallow layer of loosely consolidated, highly permeable material. Heating by magmatic activity causes pressure to rise, periodically reaching the pressure threshold for rupture of the \"valve\" sealing the crack. Sudden opening of the valve generates the broadband infrasonic signal and simultaneously triggers the collapse of the crack, initiating resonance of the remaining fluid. Subtle waveform and amplitude variability of the infrasonic signals as recorded at an array 13.4 km to the NW of the volcano are attributed primarily to atmospheric boundary layer propagation effects, superimposed upon amplitude changes at the source.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JB006128","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Matoza, R., Garces, M., Chouet, B., D’Auria, L., Hedlin, M., De Groot-Hedlin, C., and Waite, G., 2009, The source of infrasound associated with long-period events at mount St. Helens: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 4, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006128.","productDescription":"38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476184,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2q29752b","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Skamania County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.43713378906249,\n              46.128459837044915\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.95373535156249,\n              46.128459837044915\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.95373535156249,\n              46.40188216826328\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.43713378906249,\n              46.40188216826328\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.43713378906249,\n              46.128459837044915\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb049e4b08c986b324d70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matoza, R.S.","contributorId":31977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matoza","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garces, M.A.","contributorId":86563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garces","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"D’Auria, L.","contributorId":28821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Auria","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hedlin, M.A.H.","contributorId":58094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedlin","given":"M.A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"De Groot-Hedlin, C.","contributorId":61666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Groot-Hedlin","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Waite, G.P.","contributorId":82121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034984,"text":"70034984 - 2009 - Reflectance spectroscopy of organic compounds: 1. Alkanes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70034984","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reflectance spectroscopy of organic compounds: 1. Alkanes","docAbstract":"Reflectance spectra of the organic compounds comprising the alkane series are presented from the ultraviolet to midinfrared, 0.35 to 15.5 /??m. Alkanes are hydrocarbon molecules containing only single carbon-carbon bonds, and are found naturally on the Earth and in the atmospheres of the giant planets and Saturn's moon, Titan. This paper presents the spectral properties of the alkanes as the first in a series of papers to build a spectral database of organic compounds for use in remote sensing studies. Applications range from mapping the environment on the Earth, to the search for organic molecules and life in the solar system and throughout the. universe. We show that the spectral reflectance properties of organic compounds are rich, with major diagnostic spectral features throughout the spectral range studied. Little to no spectral change was observed as a function of temperature and only small shifts and changes in the width of absorption bands were observed between liquids and solids, making remote detection of spectral properties throughout the solar system simpler. Some high molecular weight organic compounds contain single-bonded carbon chains and have spectra similar to alkanes even ' when they fall into other families. Small spectral differences are often present allowing discrimination among some compounds, further illustrating the need to catalog spectral properties for accurate remote sensing identification with spectroscopy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JE003150","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., Curchin, J.M., Hoefen, T., and Swayze, G., 2009, Reflectance spectroscopy of organic compounds: 1. Alkanes: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 114, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JE003150.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476190,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008je003150","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215382,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JE003150"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a439e4b0e8fec6cdbacf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curchin, J. M.","contributorId":37145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curchin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoefen, T.M. 0000-0002-3083-5987","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":18143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swayze, G.A. 0000-0002-1814-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":21570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033238,"text":"70033238 - 2009 - Geochemistry and petrology of selected coal samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033238","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and petrology of selected coal samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia","docAbstract":"Indonesia has become the world's largest exporter of thermal coal and is a major supplier to the Asian coal market, particularly as the People's Republic of China is now (2007) and perhaps may remain a net importer of coal. Indonesia has had a long history of coal production, mainly in Sumatra and Kalimantan, but only in the last two decades have government and commercial forces resulted in a remarkable coal boom. A recent assessment of Indonesian coal-bed methane (CBM) potential has motivated active CBM exploration. Most of the coal is Paleogene and Neogene, low to moderate rank and has low ash yield and sulfur (generally < 10 and < 1??wt.%, respectively). Active tectonic and igneous activity has resulted in significant rank increase in some coal basins. Eight coal samples are described that represent the major export and/or resource potential of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. Detailed geochemistry, including proximate and ultimate analysis, sulfur forms, and major, minor, and trace element determinations are presented. Organic petrology and vitrinite reflectance data reflect various precursor flora assemblages and rank variations, including sample composites from active igneous and tectonic areas. A comparison of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) elements abundance with world and US averages show that the Indonesian coals have low combustion pollution potential.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2008.08.001","issn":"01665","usgsCitation":"Belkin, H., Tewalt, S., Hower, J., Stucker, J., and O’Keefe, J., 2009, Geochemistry and petrology of selected coal samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 77, no. 3-4, p. 260-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.08.001.","startPage":"260","endPage":"268","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213397,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.08.001"},{"id":241020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16dee4b0c8380cd552bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tewalt, S.J.","contributorId":55838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tewalt","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stucker, J.D.","contributorId":40810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stucker","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Keefe, J.M.K.","contributorId":21768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Keefe","given":"J.M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35685,"text":"Morehead State University, Morehead, KY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036705,"text":"70036705 - 2009 - Methods for assessing movement path recursion with application to African buffalo in South Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70036705","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for assessing movement path recursion with application to African buffalo in South Africa","docAbstract":"Recent developments of automated methods for monitoring animal movement, e.g., global positioning systems (GPS) technology, yield high-resolution spatiotemporal data. To gain insights into the processes creating movement patterns, we present two new techniques for extracting information from these data on repeated visits to a particular site or patch (\"recursions\"). Identification of such patches and quantification of recursion pathways, when combined with patch-related ecological data, should contribute to our understanding of the habitat requirements of large herbivores, of factors governing their space-use patterns, and their interactions with the ecosystem. We begin by presenting output from a simple spatial model that simulates movements of large-herbivore groups based on minimal parameters: resource availability and rates of resource recovery after a local depletion. We then present the details of our new techniques of analyses (recursion analysis and circle analysis) and apply them to data generated by our model, as well as two sets of empirical data on movements of African buffalo (Syncerus coffer): the first collected in Klaserie Private Nature Reserve and the second in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Our recursion analyses of model outputs provide us with a basis for inferring aspects of the processes governing the production of buffalo recursion patterns, particularly the potential influence of resource recovery rate. Although the focus of our simulations was a comparison of movement patterns produced by different resource recovery rates, we conclude our paper with a comprehensive discussion of how recursion analyses can be used when appropriate ecological data are available to elucidate various factors influencing movement. Inter alia, these include the various limiting and preferred resources, parasites, and topographical and landscape factors. ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-1532.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Bar-David, S., Bar-David, I., Cross, P., Ryan, S., Knechtel, C., and Getz, W., 2009, Methods for assessing movement path recursion with application to African buffalo in South Africa: Ecology, v. 90, no. 9, p. 2467-2479, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1532.1.","startPage":"2467","endPage":"2479","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476255,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1532.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217622,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-1532.1"},{"id":245579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a559de4b0c8380cd6d242","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bar-David, S.","contributorId":66097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bar-David","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bar-David, I.","contributorId":66098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bar-David","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cross, P.C.","contributorId":48141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryan, S.J.","contributorId":49637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knechtel, C.U.","contributorId":8313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knechtel","given":"C.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Getz, W.M.","contributorId":7669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getz","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034998,"text":"70034998 - 2009 - Impact of a permanent El Niño (El Padre) and Indian Ocean Dipole in warm Pliocene climates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T10:30:37","indexId":"70034998","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of a permanent El Niño (El Padre) and Indian Ocean Dipole in warm Pliocene climates","docAbstract":"<p><span>&nbsp;Pliocene sea surface temperature data, as well as terrestrial precipitation and temperature proxies, indicate warmer than modern conditions in the eastern equatorial Pacific and imply permanent El Ni&ntilde;o&ndash;like conditions with impacts similar to those of the 1997/1998 El Ni&ntilde;o event. Here we use a general circulation model to examine the global-scale effects that result from imposing warm tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in both modern and Pliocene simulations. Observed SSTs from the 1997/1998 El Ni&ntilde;o event were used for the anomalies and incorporate Pacific warming as well as a prominent Indian Ocean Dipole event. Both the permanent El Ni&ntilde;o (also called El Padre) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) conditions are necessary to reproduce temperature and precipitation patterns consistent with the global distribution of Pliocene proxy data. These patterns may result from the poleward propagation of planetary waves from the strong convection centers associated with the El Ni&ntilde;o and IOD.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008PA001682","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Shukla, S.P., Chandler, M.A., Jonas, J., Sohl, L.E., Mankoff, K., and Dowsett, H.J., 2009, Impact of a permanent El Niño (El Padre) and Indian Ocean Dipole in warm Pliocene climates: Paleoceanography, v. 24, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001682.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476433,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008pa001682","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215138,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001682"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38b1e4b0c8380cd61665","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shukla, Sonali P.","contributorId":51564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shukla","given":"Sonali","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chandler, Mark A.","contributorId":101768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jonas, Jeff","contributorId":66502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonas","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sohl, Linda E.","contributorId":48281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mankoff, Ken","contributorId":26396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankoff","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035004,"text":"70035004 - 2009 - Acoustic estimates of abundance and distribution of spawning lake trout on Sheboygan Reef in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-19T14:15:36","indexId":"70035004","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic estimates of abundance and distribution of spawning lake trout on Sheboygan Reef in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Efforts to restore self-sustaining lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes have had widespread success in Lake Superior; but in other Great Lakes, populations of lake trout are maintained by stocking. Recruitment bottlenecks may be present at a number of stages of the reproduction process. To study eggs and fry, it is necessary to identify spawning locations, which is difficult in deep water. Acoustic sampling can be used to rapidly locate aggregations of fish (like spawning lake trout), describe their distribution, and estimate their abundance. To assess these capabilities for application to lake trout, we conducted an acoustic survey covering 22 km<sup>2</sup> at Sheboygan Reef, a deep reef (&lt;40 m summit) in southern Lake Michigan during fall 2005. Data collected with remotely operated vehicles (ROV) confirmed that fish were large lake trout, that lake trout were 1&ndash;2 m above bottom, and that spawning took place over specific habitat. Lake trout density exhibited a high degree of spatial structure (autocorrelation) up to a range of ~190 m, and highest lake trout and egg densities occurred over rough substrates (rubble and cobble) at the shallowest depths sampled (36&ndash;42 m). Mean lake trout density in the area surveyed (~2190 ha) was 5.8 fish/ha and the area surveyed contained an estimated 9500&ndash;16,000 large lake trout. Spatial aggregation in lake trout densities, similarity of depths and substrates at which high lake trout and egg densities occurred, and relatively low uncertainty in the lake trout density estimate indicate that acoustic sampling can be a useful complement to other sampling tools used in lake trout restoration research.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.005","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Warner, D., Claramunt, R., Janssen, J., Jude, D., and Wattrus, N., 2009, Acoustic estimates of abundance and distribution of spawning lake trout on Sheboygan Reef in Lake Michigan: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 147-153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.005.","startPage":"147","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215203,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2008.11.005"},{"id":242988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e69de4b0c8380cd47529","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, D.M.","contributorId":40412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claramunt, R.M.","contributorId":38760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claramunt","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janssen, J.","contributorId":97303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jude, D.J.","contributorId":13016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jude","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wattrus, N.","contributorId":39567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wattrus","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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