{"pageNumber":"791","pageRowStart":"19750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68924,"records":[{"id":98333,"text":"sir20105014 - 2010 - Potentiometric Surfaces and Water-Level Trends in the Cockfield (Upper Claiborne) and Wilcox (Lower Wilcox) Aquifers of Southern and Northeastern Arkansas, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:53","indexId":"sir20105014","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5014","title":"Potentiometric Surfaces and Water-Level Trends in the Cockfield (Upper Claiborne) and Wilcox (Lower Wilcox) Aquifers of Southern and Northeastern Arkansas, 2009","docAbstract":"Eocene-age sand beds near the base of the Cockfield Formation of Claiborne Group constitute the aquifer known locally as the Cockfield aquifer. Upper-Paleocene age sand beds within the lower parts of the Wilcox Group constitute the aquifer known locally as the Wilcox aquifer. In 2005, reported water withdrawals from the Cockfield aquifer in Arkansas totaled 16.1 million gallons per day, while reported water withdrawals from the Wilcox aquifer in Arkansas totaled 27.0 million gallons per day. Major withdrawals from these units were for industrial and public water supplies with lesser but locally important withdrawals for commercial, domestic, and agricultural uses. \r\n\r\nDuring February 2009, 56 water-level measurements were made in wells completed in the Cockfield aquifer and 57 water-level measurements were made in wells completed in the Wilcox aquifer. The results from the 2009 water-level measurements are presented in potentiometric-surface maps and in combination with previous water-level measurements. \r\n\r\nTrends in water-level change over time within the two aquifers are investigated using water-level difference maps and well hydrographs. Water-level difference maps were constructed for each aquifer using the difference between depth to water measurements made in 2003 to 2009. Well hydrographs for each aquifer were constructed for wells with 20 or more years of historical water-level data. The hydrographs were evaluated individually using linear regression to calculate the annual rise or decline in water levels, and by aggregating the regression results by county and statistically summarizing for the range, mean, and median water-level change in each county.\r\n\r\nThe 2009 potentiometric surface of the Cockfield aquifer map indicates the regional direction of groundwater flow generally towards the east and southeast, except in two areas of intense groundwater withdrawals that have developed into cones of depression. The lowest water-level altitude measured was 43 feet and the highest water-level altitude measured was 351 feet. \r\n\r\nA water-level difference map was constructed from 54 wells completed in the Cockfield aquifer within Arkansas. The largest rise in water level was 14.9 feet and the largest decline was 27.4 feet. Seven wells had a rise in water level, and the remaining 47 wells had a decline in water level. \r\n\r\nHydrographs for 33 wells completed in the Cockfield aquifer were developed. Hydrographs indicate water-level changes in individual wells ranged from rises of 0.33 feet per year to declines of 1.21 feet per year over the 20-year period (1990-2009). County summaries of the linear regression analysis indicate Cleveland and Columbia Counties have mean annual rises. Arkansas, Ashley, Bradley, Calhoun, Chicot, Desha, Drew, Lincoln, and Union Counties have mean annual declines. \r\n\r\nThe potentiometric surface for the Wilcox aquifer is presented using two maps, one for a southern area and another for a northeastern area, because of the absence of water-level data in the central part of the State. The direction of groundwater flow in the southern area is generally the east, except around two cones of depression and around two mounds of elevated water levels. Water-level altitudes in the southern area range from 147 feet to 400 feet. The direction of groundwater flow in the northeastern area is generally to the south and southeast except in an area of intense groundwater withdrawals that has altered the flow to a westerly direction.\r\n\r\nTwo water-level difference maps were constructed using water-level altitudes measured in 2003 to 2009 from 53 wells completed in the Wilcox aquifer within southern and northeastern Arkansas. In the southern area the largest rise in water level was 16.0 feet and the largest decline was 17.7 feet. Eight wells in the southern area had rising water levels and the remaining five wells had declining water levels. In the northeastern area, the largest rise in water level was 1.3 feet and the larg","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and the Arkansas Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Pugh, A., 2010, Potentiometric Surfaces and Water-Level Trends in the Cockfield (Upper Claiborne) and Wilcox (Lower Wilcox) Aquifers of Southern and Northeastern Arkansas, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5014, v, 47 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105014.","productDescription":"v, 47 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5014.jpg"},{"id":13582,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5014/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.7,33 ], [ -94.7,36.5 ], [ -89.68333333333334,36.5 ], [ -89.68333333333334,33 ], [ -94.7,33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606677","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugh, Aaron L. apugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugh","given":"Aaron L.","email":"apugh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98332,"text":"gip106 - 2010 - 100-Year flood–it's all about chance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T09:32:25","indexId":"gip106","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"106","title":"100-Year flood–it's all about chance","docAbstract":"In the 1960's, the United States government decided to use the 1-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) flood as the basis for the National Flood Insurance Program. The 1-percent AEP flood was thought to be a fair balance between protecting the public and overly stringent regulation. Because the 1-percent AEP flood has a 1 in 100 chance of being equaled or exceeded in any 1 year, and it has an average recurrence interval of 100 years, it often is referred to as the '100-year flood'. The term '100-year flood' is part of the national lexicon, but is often a source of confusion by those not familiar with flood science and statistics. This poster is an attempt to explain the concept, probabilistic nature, and inherent uncertainties of the '100-year flood' to the layman. \r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip106","usgsCitation":"Holmes, R.R., and Dinicola, K., 2010, 100-Year flood–it's all about chance: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 106, Poster: 42.0 x 36.0 inches; Handout: 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip106.","productDescription":"Poster: 42.0 x 36.0 inches; Handout: 4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_106.jpg"},{"id":13581,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/106/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":345382,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/106/pdf/100-year-flood_041210web.pdf","text":"Poster","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":345383,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/106/pdf/100-year-flood_041210.pdf","text":"Full resolution printable version","size":"12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":345384,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/106/pdf/100-year-flood-handout-042610.pdf","text":"Handout version","size":"1.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4908e4b0b290850eed43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinicola, Karen","contributorId":87918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinicola","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98331,"text":"cir1347 - 2010 - Water-the Nation's Fundamental Climate Issue A White Paper on the U.S. Geological Survey Role and Capabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"cir1347","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1347","title":"Water-the Nation's Fundamental Climate Issue A White Paper on the U.S. Geological Survey Role and Capabilities","docAbstract":"Of all the potential threats posed by climatic variability and change, those associated with water resources are arguably the most consequential for both society and the environment (Waggoner, 1990). Climatic effects on agriculture, aquatic ecosystems, energy, and industry are strongly influenced by climatic effects on water. Thus, understanding changes in the distribution, quantity and quality of, and demand for water in response to climate variability and change is essential to planning for and adapting to future climatic conditions. A central role of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) with respect to climate is to document environmental changes currently underway and to develop improved capabilities to predict future changes. Indeed, a centerpiece of the USGS role is a new Climate Effects Network of monitoring sites. Measuring the climatic effects on water is an essential component of such a network (along with corresponding effects on terrestrial ecosystems).\r\n\r\nThe USGS needs to be unambiguous in communicating with its customers and stakeholders, and with officials at the Department of the Interior, that although modeling future impacts of climate change is important, there is no more critical role for the USGS in climate change science than that of measuring and describing the changes that are currently underway. One of the best statements of that mission comes from a short paper by Ralph Keeling (2008) that describes the inspiration and the challenges faced by David Keeling in operating the all-important Mauna Loa Observatory over a period of more than four decades. Ralph Keeling stated: 'The only way to figure out what is happening to our planet is to measure it, and this means tracking changes decade after decade and poring over the records.'\r\n\r\nThere are three key ideas that are important to the USGS in the above-mentioned sentence. First, to understand what is happening requires measurement. While models are a tool for learning and testing our understanding, they are not a substitute for observations. The second key idea is that measurement needs to be done over a period of many decades. When viewing hydrologic records over time scales of a few years to a few decades, trends commonly appear. However, when viewed in the context of many decades to centuries, these short-term trends are recognized as being part of much longer term oscillations. Thus, while we might want to initiate monitoring of important aspects of our natural resources, the data that will prove to be most useful in the next few years are those records that already have long-term continuity. USGS streamflow and groundwater level data are excellent examples of such long-term records. These measured data span many decades, follow standard protocols for collection and quality assurance, and are stored in a database that provides access to the full period of record.\r\n\r\nThe third point from the Keeling quote relates to the notion of ?poring over the records.? Important trends will not generally jump off the computer screen at us. Thoughtful analyses are required to get past a number of important but confounding influences in the record, such as the role of seasonal variation, changes in water management, or influences of quasi-periodic phenomena, such as El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). No organization is better situated to pore over the records than the USGS because USGS scientists know the data, quality-assure the data, understand the factors that influence the data, and have the ancillary information on the watersheds within which the data are collected.\r\n\r\nTo fulfill the USGS role in understanding climatic variability and change, we need to continually improve and strengthen two of our key capabilities: (1) preserving continuity of long-term water data collection and (2) analyzing and interpreting water data to determine how the Nation's water resources are changing.\r\n\r\nUnderstanding change in water resources","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1347","usgsCitation":"Lins, H.F., Hirsch, R.M., and Kiang, J., 2010, Water-the Nation's Fundamental Climate Issue A White Paper on the U.S. Geological Survey Role and Capabilities: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1347, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1347.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1347.jpg"},{"id":13580,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1347/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4bcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kiang, Julie","contributorId":45804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiang","given":"Julie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70199094,"text":"70199094 - 2010 - Tools for assessing contaminated sediments in freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T14:08:03","indexId":"70199094","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-16T07:41:05","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"7","title":"Tools for assessing contaminated sediments in freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p>Traditionally, concerns about the management of aquatic resources in aquatic ecosystems have focused primarily on water quality. As such, early water resource management efforts were often directed at assuring the potability of surface water or groundwater sources. Subsequently, the scope of these management initiatives expanded to include protection of instream (i.e., fish and aquatic life), agricultural, industrial, and recreational water uses. Although initiatives undertaken in the past 30 years have unquestionably improved water quality conditions, a growing body of evidence indicates that management efforts directed solely at the attainment of surface -water quality criteria may not provide an adequate basis for protecting the designated uses of aquatic ecosystems. In recent years, concerns about the health and vitality of aquatic ecosystems have begun to re -emerge in North America. One of the principal reasons for this is that many toxic and bioaccumulative chemicals, which are found in only trace amounts in water, can accumulate to elevated levels in sediments.&nbsp; Some of these pollutants, such as organochlorine (OC) pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were released into the environment long ago. The use of many of these substances has been banned in North America for 30 years or more; nevertheless, these chemicals continue to persist in the environment. Other contaminants enter our waters every day from industrial and municipal discharges, urban and agricultural runoff, and atmospheric deposition from remote sources. Owing to their physical and chemical properties, many of these substances tend to accumulate in sediments. In addition to providing sinks for many chemicals, sediments can also serve as potential sources of pollutants to the water column when conditions change in the receiving water system (for example during periods of anoxia, after severe storms).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology of aqueous systems","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781444317114.ch7","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, D.D., and Ingersoll, C.G., 2010, Tools for assessing contaminated sediments in freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems, chap. 7 <i>of</i> Sedimentology of aqueous systems, p. 171-199, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444317114.ch7.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"199","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b795e4b0702d0e844eb5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Poleto, Cristiano","contributorId":113845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poleto","given":"Cristiano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744052,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charlesworth, Susanne","contributorId":112974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charlesworth","given":"Susanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744053,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Donald D.","contributorId":176179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70208556,"text":"70208556 - 2010 - Advances in estimation methods of vegetation water content based on optical remote sensing techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T10:04:56","indexId":"70208556","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-15T15:28:03","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5930,"text":"Science China Technological Sciences","printIssn":"1674-7321","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advances in estimation methods of vegetation water content based on optical remote sensing techniques","docAbstract":"<p><span>Quantitative estimation of vegetation water content (VWC) using optical remote sensing techniques is helpful in forest fire assessment, agricultural drought monitoring and crop yield estimation. This paper reviews the research advances of VWC retrieval using spectral reflectance, spectral water index and radiative transfer model (RTM) methods. It also evaluates the reliability of VWC estimation using spectral water index from the observation data and the RTM. Focusing on two main definitions of VWC—the fuel moisture content (FMC) and the equivalent water thickness (EWT), the retrieval accuracies of FMC and EWT using vegetation water indices are analyzed. Moreover, the measured information and the dataset are used to estimate VWC, the results show there are significant correlations among three kinds of vegetation water indices (i.e., WSI, NDII, NDWI</span><sub>1640</sub><span>, WI/NDVI) and canopy FMC of winter wheat (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">n</i><span>=45). Finally, the future development directions of VWC detection based on optical remote sensing techniques are also summarized.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11431-010-0131-3","usgsCitation":"Zhang, J., Xu, Y., Yao, F., Wang, P., Guo, W., Li, L., and Yang, L., 2010, Advances in estimation methods of vegetation water content based on optical remote sensing techniques: Science China Technological Sciences, v. 53, no. 5, p. 1159-1167, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-010-0131-3.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1159","endPage":"1167","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Jiahua","contributorId":35479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jiahua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, Yun","contributorId":222535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Yun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yao, Fengmei","contributorId":107927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yao","given":"Fengmei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, PeiJuan","contributorId":222536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"PeiJuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guo, WenJuan","contributorId":222537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"WenJuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Li","contributorId":222539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Li","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":782468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":98329,"text":"fs20103001 - 2010 - Groundwater Quality in the Central Eastside San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"fs20103001","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3001","title":"Groundwater Quality in the Central Eastside San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"The Central Eastside study unit is located in California's San Joaquin Valley. The 1,695 square mile study unit includes three groundwater subbasins: Modesto, Turlock, and Merced (California Department of Water Resources, 2003). The primary water-bearing units consist of discontinuous lenses of gravel, sand, silt, and clay, which are derived largely from the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the east. Public-supply wells provide most of the drinking water supply in the Central Eastside. Consequently, the primary aquifer in the Central Eastside study unit is defined as that part of the aquifer corresponding to the perforated interval of wells listed in the California Department of Public Health database. Public-supply wells are typically drilled to depths of 200 to 350 feet, consist of solid casing from the land surface to a depth of about 100 to 200 feet, and they are perforated below the solid casing. Water quality in the shallower and deeper parts of the aquifer system may differ from that in the primary aquifer.\r\n\r\nThe Central Eastside study unit has hot and dry summers and cool, moist, winters. Average annual rainfall ranges from 11 to 15 inches. The Stanislaus, Tuolumne, and Merced Rivers, with headwaters in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, are the primary streams traversing the study unit.\r\n\r\nLand use in the study unit is approximately 59 percent (%) agricultural, 34% natural (primarily grassland), and 7% urban. The primary crops are almonds, walnuts, peaches, grapes, grain, corn, and alfalfa. The largest urban areas (2003 population in parentheses) are the cities of Modesto (206,872), Turlock (63,467), and Merced (69,512).\r\n\r\nMunicipal water use accounts for about 5% of the total water use in the Central Eastside study unit, with the remainder used for irrigated agriculture. Groundwater accounts for about 75% of the municipal supply, and surface water accounts for about 25%. Recharge to the groundwater flow system is primarily from percolation of irrigation return, precipitation, seepage from reservoirs and rivers, and urban return (Burow and others, 2004; Phillips and others, 2007). The primary sources of discharge are pumping for irrigation and municipal supply, evaporation from areas with a shallow depth to water, and discharge to streams. Recharge at shallow depths and pumping from wells at greater depths causes downward movement of groundwater in the aquifer in the Central Eastside. This vertical movement of water has the potential to carry chemical constituents from shallow depths to the greater depths where supply wells commonly are perforated.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103001","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Belitz, K., and Landon, M.K., 2010, Groundwater Quality in the Central Eastside San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3001, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103001.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010-3001.jpg"},{"id":13578,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3001/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e991","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98328,"text":"ds501 - 2010 - Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Freshwater Flow and Salinity in the Ten Thousand Islands Estuary, Florida, 2007-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-08T06:32:08","indexId":"ds501","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"501","title":"Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Freshwater Flow and Salinity in the Ten Thousand Islands Estuary, Florida, 2007-2009","docAbstract":"The watershed of the Ten Thousand Islands (TTI) estuary has been substantially altered through the construction of canals and roads for the Southern Golden Gate Estates (SGGE), Barron River Canal, and U.S. 41 (Tamiami Trail). Two restoration projects designed to improve freshwater delivery to the estuary are the Picayune Strand Restoration Project, which includes the Southern Golden Gate Estates, and the Tamiami Trail Culverts Project; both are part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. To address hydrologic information needs critical for monitoring the effects of these restoration projects, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a study in October 2006 to characterize freshwater outflows from the rivers, internal circulation and mixing within the estuary, and surface-water exchange between the estuary and Gulf of Mexico. The effort is conducted in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District and complemented by monitoring performed by the Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. \r\n\r\nSurface salinity was measured during moving boat surveys using a flow-through system that operated at planing speeds averaging 20 miles per hour. The data were logged every 10 seconds by a data recorder that simultaneously logged location information from a Global Positioning System. The major rivers, bays, and nearshore Gulf of Mexico region of the TTI area were surveyed in approximately 5 hours by two boats traversing about 200 total miles. Salinity and coordinate data were processed using inverse distance weighted interpolation to create salinity contour maps of the entire TTI region. \r\n\r\nTen maps were created from salinity surveys performed between May 2007 and May 2009 and illustrate the dry season, transitional, and wet season salinity patterns of the estuarine rivers, inner bays, mangrove islands, and Gulf of Mexico boundary. The effects of anthropogenic activities are indicated by exceptionally low salinities associated with point discharge into the estuary from the Faka Union Canal and Barron River during the wet season. Low salinities in Faka Union Bay may cause reduced diversity and density of submerged aquatic vegetation, fish, and benthic organisms compared with neighboring Fakahatchee Bay. The Faka Union Canal System reduced the size of the watershed for the western TTI estuary, resulting in increased wet season salinities compared to those for the eastern TTI estuary, the watershed of which is composed of the relatively pristine Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park. Minimal river discharge and high evaporation caused hypersaline conditions to develop throughout the entire TTI region during the dry season. The 2007-2008 drought and passage of Tropical Storm Fay on August 18-19, 2008, demonstrated the effects of seasonal rainfall on salinity patterns, with substantially higher salinities observed during the 2007 wet season compared to those for the 2008 wet season. The salinity maps, coupled with data from the monitoring stations, provide baseline information of seasonal and spatial distribution of freshwater flow and salinity in the TTI estuary, and a means of monitoring the effects of restoration in improving freshwater delivery to the estuary. \r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds501","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Soderqvist, L.E., and Patino, E., 2010, Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Freshwater Flow and Salinity in the Ten Thousand Islands Estuary, Florida, 2007-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 501, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds501.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"N","temporalStart":"2007-05-01","temporalEnd":"2009-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_501.jpg"},{"id":13577,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/501/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.62155151367188,\n              25.977181684362176\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.69261932373047,\n              25.857060917861336\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.42345428466797,\n              25.759082934951692\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.35890960693358,\n              25.90185031509369\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.62155151367188,\n              25.977181684362176\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc42b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soderqvist, Lars E.","contributorId":92358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderqvist","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patino, Eduardo 0000-0003-1016-3658 epatino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1016-3658","contributorId":1743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Eduardo","email":"epatino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98330,"text":"sir20105018 - 2010 - Mercury assessment and monitoring protocol for the Bear Creek Watershed, Colusa County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T14:11:55","indexId":"sir20105018","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5018","title":"Mercury assessment and monitoring protocol for the Bear Creek Watershed, Colusa County, California","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the known information on the occurrence and distribution of mercury (Hg) in physical/chemical and biological matrices within the Bear Creek watershed. Based on these data, a matrix-specific monitoring protocol for the evaluation of the effectiveness of activities designed to remediate Hg contamination in the Bear Creek watershed is presented. The monitoring protocol documents procedures for collecting and processing water, sediment, and biota for estimation of total Hg (TotHg) and monomethyl mercury (MMeHg) in the Bear Creek watershed. The concurrent sampling of TotHg and MMeHg in biota as well as water and sediment from 10 monitoring sites is designed to assess the relative bioavailability of Hg released from Hg sources in the watershed and identify environments conducive to Hg methylation. These protocols are designed to assist landowners, land managers, water quality regulators, and scientists in determining whether specific restoration/mitigation actions lead to significant progress toward achieving water quality goals to reduce Hg in Bear and Sulphur Creeks.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105018","collaboration":"Prepared for the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Suchanek, T.H., Hothem, R.L., Rytuba, J.J., and Yee, J.L., 2010, Mercury assessment and monitoring protocol for the Bear Creek Watershed, Colusa County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5018, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105018.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5018.jpg"},{"id":13579,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5018/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Colusa County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-122.7389,39.3834],[-122.6896,39.3847],[-122.5813,39.3865],[-122.4544,39.3851],[-122.4353,39.3855],[-122.1947,39.3855],[-122.1382,39.3862],[-122.1386,39.4148],[-122.0832,39.4142],[-122.0034,39.4131],[-122.0005,39.3991],[-122.0015,39.3945],[-122.0048,39.3863],[-122.0048,39.3845],[-121.8881,39.3849],[-121.8873,39.3809],[-121.8864,39.3691],[-121.8933,39.3626],[-121.8972,39.3557],[-121.8953,39.3526],[-121.8944,39.3422],[-121.8995,39.333],[-121.9027,39.3239],[-121.9067,39.3188],[-121.9086,39.3052],[-121.9149,39.2974],[-121.9211,39.2864],[-121.9232,39.2768],[-121.9341,39.2675],[-121.9381,39.2629],[-121.9432,39.2546],[-121.9454,39.2482],[-121.944,39.2415],[-121.9426,39.2356],[-121.9406,39.2311],[-121.9356,39.2217],[-121.9355,39.2185],[-121.9292,39.21],[-121.926,39.201],[-121.9288,39.1964],[-121.937,39.1926],[-121.9426,39.1839],[-121.9413,39.1794],[-121.9394,39.1758],[-121.9381,39.1727],[-121.9337,39.1655],[-121.9197,39.1549],[-121.9154,39.1495],[-121.9169,39.1436],[-121.9258,39.1416],[-121.9335,39.141],[-121.9358,39.1401],[-121.9368,39.1355],[-121.9331,39.1306],[-121.9265,39.1289],[-121.921,39.124],[-121.9139,39.1224],[-121.9102,39.1206],[-121.9089,39.1157],[-121.9065,39.1148],[-121.9052,39.1126],[-121.9031,39.1022],[-121.8946,39.0955],[-121.8915,39.0924],[-121.8938,39.0901],[-121.8901,39.0843],[-121.8916,39.0784],[-121.8862,39.0739],[-121.8837,39.0717],[-121.8717,39.0679],[-121.8575,39.0686],[-121.8475,39.0701],[-121.842,39.0653],[-121.8384,39.0626],[-121.837,39.0567],[-121.838,39.0522],[-121.836,39.0441],[-121.8305,39.0387],[-121.8286,39.0342],[-121.8243,39.0307],[-121.8235,39.0252],[-121.8227,39.0176],[-121.8158,39.0055],[-121.8043,38.998],[-121.7983,38.9963],[-121.7971,38.994],[-121.797,38.9908],[-121.8004,38.988],[-121.8063,38.987],[-121.8146,38.9864],[-121.8188,38.9873],[-121.8204,38.9827],[-121.8202,38.9763],[-121.8253,38.9704],[-121.8324,38.9698],[-121.8304,38.9608],[-121.8367,38.9561],[-121.8365,38.9493],[-121.8339,38.943],[-121.8303,38.9394],[-121.8347,38.9303],[-121.8351,38.9248],[-122.0233,38.9252],[-122.2717,38.924],[-122.3138,38.9249],[-122.3386,38.9248],[-122.3423,38.9274],[-122.3483,38.9286],[-122.3555,38.9321],[-122.3622,38.9365],[-122.3676,38.9391],[-122.3803,38.9469],[-122.3937,38.9548],[-122.4002,38.956],[-122.4051,38.96],[-122.4094,38.963],[-122.409,38.968],[-122.4087,38.9739],[-122.4135,38.9765],[-122.4185,38.9846],[-122.4177,38.9928],[-122.4121,39.0015],[-122.4077,39.0102],[-122.4116,39.0192],[-122.4224,39.0217],[-122.4384,39.0227],[-122.4506,39.0305],[-122.4575,39.039],[-122.4709,39.0491],[-122.4782,39.0521],[-122.4907,39.0545],[-122.4847,39.0669],[-122.4898,39.0754],[-122.485,39.0896],[-122.4888,39.0954],[-122.4909,39.1017],[-122.4959,39.1083],[-122.4938,39.1147],[-122.4999,39.1205],[-122.4957,39.1333],[-122.493,39.1388],[-122.4878,39.143],[-122.4805,39.1391],[-122.4782,39.1391],[-122.4753,39.141],[-122.4748,39.1442],[-122.4805,39.1523],[-122.4788,39.1555],[-122.4808,39.159],[-122.4815,39.1636],[-122.4787,39.1668],[-122.4747,39.1701],[-122.4766,39.1736],[-122.4826,39.1744],[-122.4915,39.1747],[-122.4931,39.1837],[-122.5004,39.189],[-122.5088,39.1915],[-122.5144,39.1968],[-122.5154,39.2076],[-122.5346,39.2104],[-122.5445,39.2069],[-122.5557,39.2053],[-122.564,39.2033],[-122.5693,39.2022],[-122.5723,39.2031],[-122.576,39.2062],[-122.5869,39.2113],[-122.6019,39.2141],[-122.6254,39.2231],[-122.6378,39.22],[-122.6506,39.2147],[-122.6602,39.2158],[-122.6796,39.2262],[-122.6768,39.2295],[-122.6901,39.2473],[-122.6997,39.2507],[-122.715,39.2598],[-122.7181,39.2638],[-122.7224,39.265],[-122.7292,39.273],[-122.7346,39.2729],[-122.7541,39.2828],[-122.758,39.2904],[-122.7663,39.3025],[-122.7746,39.3158],[-122.7714,39.3241],[-122.7648,39.3374],[-122.7634,39.3438],[-122.7505,39.3482],[-122.7484,39.3546],[-122.7444,39.3597],[-122.741,39.3634],[-122.7442,39.3674],[-122.7521,39.3708],[-122.7589,39.377],[-122.7631,39.3774],[-122.7719,39.3749],[-122.7798,39.3792],[-122.7849,39.3845],[-122.7389,39.3834]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Colusa\",\"state\":\"CA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614d23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suchanek, Thomas H.","contributorId":69235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suchanek","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98327,"text":"sir20095266 - 2010 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the central-eastside San Joaquin Basin, 2006: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T20:14:13.008933","indexId":"sir20095266","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5266","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the central-eastside San Joaquin Basin, 2006: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater quality in the approximately 1,695-square-mile Central Eastside San Joaquin Basin (Central Eastside) study unit was investigated as part of the Priority Basin Project (PBP) of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA PBP was developed in response to the California Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001, and is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The GAMA Central Eastside study unit was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of untreated-groundwater quality, as well as a statistically consistent basis for comparing water quality throughout California. During March through June 2006, samples were collected from 78 wells in Stanislaus and Merced Counties, 58 of which were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells), and 20 of which were sampled to evaluate changes in water chemistry along groundwater-flow paths (understanding wells). Water-quality data from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database also were used for the assessment.</p><p>An assessment of the current status of the groundwater quality included collecting samples from wells for analysis of anthropogenic constituents such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and pesticides, as well as naturally occurring constituents such as major ions and trace elements. The assessment of status is intended to characterize the quality of untreated-groundwater resources within the primary aquifer system, not the treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors. The primary aquifer system (hereinafter, primary aquifer) is defined as that part of the aquifer corresponding to the perforation interval of wells listed in the CDPH database for the Central Eastside study unit. The quality of groundwater in shallower or deeper water-bearing zones may differ from that in the primary aquifer; shallower groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination. The primary aquifer is represented by the grid wells, of which 90 percent had depths to the tops of their perforations of about 80 to 330 feet and depths to bottom of about 100 to 670 feet. Relative-concentrations (sample concentration divided by benchmark concentration) were used as the primary metric for assessing the status of water quality for those constituents that have Federal and (or) California human health or aesthetic benchmarks. A relative-concentration greater than (&gt;) 1.0 indicates a concentration above a benchmark, and less than or equal to (≤) 1.0 indicates a concentration equal to or below a benchmark. For organic and special interest constituents, relative-concentrations were classified as high (&gt;1.0), moderate (≤1.0 and &gt;0.1), or low (≤0.1). For inorganic constituents, relative-concentrations were classified as high (&gt;1.0), moderate (≤1.0 and &gt;0.5), or low (≤0.5). The threshold between low and moderate classifications was lower for organic and special interest constituents than for inorganic constituents because organic constituents generally are less prevalent and have smaller relative-concentrations than inorganic constituents.</p><p>Grid-based and spatially-weighted approaches, the latter incorporating data from all CDPH wells, were used to evaluate the proportion of the primary aquifer (aquifer-scale proportions) with high, moderate, or low relative-concentrations. For individual constituents or classes of constituents, the aquifer-scale high proportion is the percentage of the area of the study unit having high relative-concentrations within the depth-zones of the primary aquifer. Aquifer-scale moderate and low proportions are defined similarly. Spatially-weighted aquifer-scale high proportions nearly always fell within the 90-percent confidence interval of grid-based aquifer-scale high proportions, indicating that the grid-based approach yielded statistically equivalent results to the spatially-weighted approach incorporating CDPH data.</p><p>The status assessment for inorganic constituents showed that inorganic constituents (one or more) were high, relative to human-health benchmarks, in 18.0 percent of the primary aquifer, moderate in 44.0 percent, and low in 38.0 percent. Of inorganic constituents with human-health benchmarks, arsenic, vanadium, and nitrate were detected at high relative-concentrations in 15.6 percent, 3.6 percent, and 2.1 percent, respectively, of the primary aquifer. Of inorganic constituents with secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCL), manganese, iron, and TDS were detected at high relative-concentrations in 4.5 percent, 2.2 percent, and 1.7 percent, respectively, of the primary aquifer.</p><p>The status assessment for organic constituents showed that organic constituents (one or more) were high, relative to human-health benchmarks, in a smaller proportion of the primary aquifer (1.2 percent) than inorganic constituents (18.0 percent). Organic constituents had moderate relative-concentrations in 14.3 percent, and had low relative-concentrations or were not detected in 84.5 percent, of the primary aquifer. The proportion of the primary aquifer with high relative-concentrations of organic constituents reflected high proportions of the discontinued soil fumigant 1,2-dibromo-3-chlororopane (DBCP; 1.0 percent) and the solvent tetrachloroethene (PCE; 0.2 percent). Most of the organic and special interest constituents detected in groundwater in the Central Eastside study unit have human-health benchmarks. Of the 205 organic and special interest constituents analyzed for, 36 constituents were detected. Of these constituents, 32 were detected only at low relative-concentrations. Four constituents, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, DBCP, and perchlorate, were detected at moderate relative-concentrations in grid wells. Nine organic and special-interest constituents were detected frequently (detected in greater than 10 percent of samples): the trihalomethanes chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, and dibromochloromethane; the solvent PCE; the herbicides atrazine, simazine, and metolachlor, and special-interest constituent perchlorate.</p><p>An assessment of understanding of the groundwater quality included sampling of understanding wells, some of which were perforated in shallower or deeper portions of the aquifer system than the primary aquifer, and analysis of correlations of groundwater quality with land use, depth, age classification, and other potential explanatory factors.</p><p>The understanding assessment indicated that the concentrations of many constituents were related to depth and groundwater age. However, concentrations of individual constituents or constituent classes also were sometimes related to geochemical conditions, lateral position in the flow system, or land use.</p><p>High and moderate relative-concentrations of uranium, nitrate, and total dissolved solids (TDS) were detected in some wells where the tops of perforations are within the upper 200 feet of the aquifer system. In wells with the depth to the top of perforations below this depth, concentrations were low. A similar pattern occurred for the sum of herbicide concentrations. These vertical water-chemistry patterns are consistent with the hydrogeologic setting, in which return flows from agricultural and urban land use are the major source of recharge, and withdrawals for irrigation and urban supply are the major source of discharge, resulting in substantial vertical components of groundwater flow.</p><p>The decrease in concentrations of many constituents with depth reflects in part that groundwater gets older with depth. Tritium, helium-isotopes, and carbon-14 data were used to classify the predominant age of groundwater samples into three categories: modern (water that has entered the aquifer in the last 50 years), pre-modern (water that entered the aquifer more than 50 years, up to tens of thousands of years, ago), and mixed (mixtures of waters with modern and pre-modern ages). Uranium, nitrate, and herbicide concentrations were significantly higher in groundwater having modern- and mixed-ages than pre-modern ages, indicating that these constituents may be affected by anthropogenic activities in the last 50 years.</p><p>Other patterns in the distribution of nitrate, uranium, and TDS are evident. Isotopic and geochemical data are consistent with partial denitrification of nitrate in some reducing groundwaters in the western and deeper parts of the flow system. Uranium and TDS concentrations increase from east to west across the valley, along the direction of regional lateral groundwater flow.</p><p>High and moderate relative-concentrations of arsenic can be attributed to reductive dissolution of manganese or iron oxides, or to desorption by high pH waters. Arsenic concentrations also increased with increasing depth and groundwater age. High to moderate relative-concentrations of vanadium primarily are related to high pH under oxic conditions.</p><p>The frequency of detections of DBCP was greater in areas with orchard-vineyard land use &gt;40 percent and at depths &lt;200 feet. THMs and solvents were correlated positively with percent urban land use. Herbicide concentrations were correlated negatively with percent natural land use. Perchlorate concentrations were significantly greater in waters having modern and mixed ages than waters having pre-modern ages and were significantly and positively correlated with two land uses—percent orchard/vineyard land use and percent urban land use.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095266","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Landon, M.K., Belitz, K., Jurgens, B., Kulongoski, J., and Johnson, T., 2010, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the central-eastside San Joaquin Basin, 2006: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5266, xii, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095266.","productDescription":"xii, 97 p.","numberOfPages":"113","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13576,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5266/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463447,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92511.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125892,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5266.jpg"},{"id":339724,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5266/pdf/sir20095266.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.41666666666667,37 ], [ -121.41666666666667,38 ], [ -119,38 ], [ -119,37 ], [ -121.41666666666667,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0eb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":22454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":59909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Tyler D. 0000-0002-7334-9188","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-9188","contributorId":64366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Tyler D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98322,"text":"sir20095259 - 2010 - Analysis of the Shallow Groundwater Flow System at Fire Island National Seashore, Suffolk County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"sir20095259","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5259","title":"Analysis of the Shallow Groundwater Flow System at Fire Island National Seashore, Suffolk County, New York","docAbstract":"Fire Island National Seashore (FIIS) occupies 42 kilometers of the barrier island for which it is named that lies off the southern shore of Suffolk County, N.Y. Freshwater in the highly permeable, sandy aquifer underlying Fire Island is bounded laterally by marine surface waters and at depth by saline groundwater. Interspersed throughout FIIS are 17 pre-existing residential communities that in summer months greatly increase in population through the arrival of summer residents and vacationers; in addition, the National Park Service (NPS) has established several facilities on the island to accommodate visitors to FIIS. The 2.2 million people estimated by the NPS to visit Fire Island annually impact groundwater quality through the release of waste-derived contaminants, such as nutrients, pathogens, and organic compounds, into the environment. Waste-contaminated groundwater can move through the aquifer and threaten the ecological health of the adjacent back-barrier estuaries to which much of the groundwater ultimately discharges. In 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the NPS, began a 3-year investigation to (1) collect groundwater levels and water-quality (nutrient) samples, (2) develop a three-dimensional model of the shallow (water-table) aquifer system and adjacent marine surface waters, and (3) calculate nitrogen loads in simulated groundwater discharges from the aquifer to back-barrier estuaries and the ocean.\r\n\r\nThe hydrogeology of the shallow aquifer system was characterized from the results of exploratory drilling, geophysical surveying, water-level monitoring, and water-quality sampling. The investigation focused on four areas-the communities of Kismet and Robbins Rest, the NPS Visitor Center at Watch Hill, and the undeveloped Otis Pike Fire Island High Dune Wilderness. Thirty-five observation wells were installed within FIIS to characterize subsurface hydrogeology and establish a water-table monitoring network in the four study areas. A variable-density model of the shallow aquifer system and adjacent marine surface waters was developed to simulate groundwater flow patterns and rates. Nitrogen loads from the shallow aquifer system were calculated from representative total nitrogen (TN) concentrations and simulated groundwater discharges to back-barrier estuaries and the ocean.\r\n\r\nThe model simulates groundwater directions, velocities, and discharge rates under 2005 mean annual conditions. Groundwater budgets were developed for recharge areas of similar land use that contribute freshwater to back-barrier estuaries, the ocean, and subsea-discharge zones. Total freshwater discharge from the shallow aquifer system is about 43,500 cubic meters per day (m3/d) (79.8 percent) to back-barrier estuaries and about 10,200 m3/d (18.7 percent) to the ocean; about 836 m3/d (1.5 percent) may exit the system as subsea underflow. The total contribution of fresh groundwater to shoreline discharge zones amounts to about 53,700 m3/d (98.5 percent). The median age of freshwater discharged to back-barrier estuaries and the ocean was 3.4 years, and the 95th-percentile age was 20 years.\r\n\r\nThe TN concentrations and loads under 2005 mean annual conditions for areas that contribute fresh groundwater to back-barrier estuaries and the ocean were calculated for the principal land uses on Fire Island. The overall TN load from the shallow aquifer system to shoreline discharge zones is about 16,200 kilograms per year (kg/yr) (82.2 percent) to back-barrier estuaries and about 3,500 kg/yr (17.8 percent) to the ocean. The overall TN load to marine surface waters amounts to about 19,700 kg/yr-roughly 6 percent of the annual TN load from shallow groundwater entering the South Shore Estuary Reserve (SSER) from the Suffolk County mainland, which is about 345,000 kg/yr. In contrast to the TN load from shallow groundwater for the SSER watershed, which annually yields about 353 kilograms per square kilometer (kg/km2), the overall TN loa","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095259","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Schubert, C., 2010, Analysis of the Shallow Groundwater Flow System at Fire Island National Seashore, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5259, x, 107 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095259.","productDescription":"x, 107 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5259.jpg"},{"id":13571,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5259/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68004f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schubert, Christopher 0000-0003-0705-3933 schubert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0705-3933","contributorId":1243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubert","given":"Christopher","email":"schubert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98324,"text":"fs20103022 - 2010 - River-corridor habitat dynamics, Lower Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T16:12:07","indexId":"fs20103022","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3022","title":"River-corridor habitat dynamics, Lower Missouri River","docAbstract":"<p>Intensive management of the Missouri River for navigation, flood control, and power generation has resulted in substantial physical changes to the river corridor. Historically, the Missouri River was characterized by a shifting, multithread channel and abundant unvegetated sandbars. The shifting channel provided a wide variety of hydraulic environments and large areas of connected and unconnected off-channel water bodies.</p><p>Beginning in the early 1800s and continuing to the present, the channel of the Lower Missouri River (downstream from Sioux City, Iowa) has been trained into a fast, deep, single-thread channel to stabilize banks and maintain commercial navigation. Wing dikes now concentrate the flow, and revetments and levees keep the channel in place and disconnect it from the flood plain. In addition, reservoir regulation of the Missouri River upstream of Yankton, South Dakota, has substantially changed the annual hydrograph, sediment loads, temperature regime, and nutrient budgets.</p><p>While changes to the Missouri River have resulted in broad social and economic benefits, they have also been associated with loss of river-corridor habitats and diminished populations of native fish and wildlife species. Today, Missouri River stakeholders are seeking ways to restore some natural ecosystem benefits of the Lower Missouri River without compromising traditional economic uses of the river and flood plain.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20103022","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., 2010, River-corridor habitat dynamics, Lower Missouri River: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3022, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103022.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3022.jpg"},{"id":341549,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3022/pdf/FS2010-3022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":13573,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a11e4b07f02db6000fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98318,"text":"ofr20101062 - 2010 - The transition of benthic nutrient sources after planned levee breaches adjacent to upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-09T11:37:36","indexId":"ofr20101062","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1062","title":"The transition of benthic nutrient sources after planned levee breaches adjacent to upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon","docAbstract":"Four sampling trips were coordinated after planned levee breaches that hydrologically reconnected both Upper Klamath Lake and Agency Lake, Oregon, to adjacent wetlands. Sets of nonmetallic pore-water profilers were deployed during these trips in November 2007, June 2008, May 2009, and July 2009. Deployments temporally spanned the annual cyanophyte bloom of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) and spatially involved three lake and four wetland sites. Profilers, typically deployed in triplicate at each lake or wetland site, provided high-resolution (centimeter-scale) estimates of the vertical concentration gradients for diffusive-flux determinations. Estimates based on molecular diffusion may underestimate benthic flux because solute transport across the sediment-water interface can be enhanced by processes including bioturbation, bioirrigation and groundwater advection. Water-column and benthic samples were also collected to help interpret spatial and temporal trends in diffusive-flux estimates. Data from these samples complement taxonomic and geochemical analyses of bottom-sediments taken from Upper Klamath Lake (UKL) in prior studies. \r\n\r\nThis ongoing study provides information necessary for developing process-interdependent solute-transport models for the watershed (that is, models integrating physical, geochemical, and biological processes) and supports efforts to evaluate remediation or load-allocation strategies. To augment studies funded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), the Department of the Interior supported an additional full deployment of pore-water profilers in November 2007 and July 2009, immediately following the levee breaches and after the crash of the annual summer AFA bloom. \r\n\r\nAs observed consistently since 2006, benthic flux of 0.2-micron filtered, soluble reactive phosphorus (that is, biologically available phosphorus, primarily as orthophosphate; SRP) was consistently positive (that is, out of the sediment into the overlying water column) and ranged from a negligible value (-0.19?0.91 milligrams per square meter per day; mg m-2 d-1) within wetlands of the Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge to 74?48 mg m-2 d-1 at the newly restored wetland site removed from the levee breach (TNC1); both observed in May 2009 before the annual AFA bloom. When areally averaged (13 km2 for the newly restored wetlands), an SRP flux to the overlying water column is determined of approximately 87,000 kilograms (kg) over the 3-month AFA bloom season that exceeds the magnitude of riverine inputs (42,000 kg for the season). Elevated SRP benthic flux at TNC1 relative to all other lake and wetland sites (including TNC2 near the breached levee) in 2009 suggests that the restored wetlands, at least chemically, remain in a transition period after engineered blasts on October 30, 2007, restored hydrologic connectivity between lake and wetland environments. As reported in previous lake studies, ammonium fluxes to the water column were consistently positive, with the exception of two measurements at the restored wetland sites (TNC1 and TNC2) immediately following the levee breaches in November 2007. The flux of ammonia, particularly at elevated pH in the overlying water column, has toxicological implications for endangered fish populations in both lake and wetland environments. For dissolved nitrate, with the exception of a single positive flux measurement at TNC1 in June 2008 (0.16?0.02 mg m-2 d-1), consistently negative (consumed by the sediment) or undetectable nitrate-flux values were observed (-21?12 mg m-2 d-1 to undetectable fluxes due to concentrations for dissolved nitrate <0.03 milligrams per liter (mg L-1) in both porewaters and overlying waters near the sediment-water interface). Such negative fluxes for dissolved nitrate are typical of microbial transformations, such as dinitrification (dissimilatory nitrate reduction), that benthically consume nitrate from the water column. The diffusive-flux measurements reported herei","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation\r\n","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., Topping, B.R., Carter, J.L., Parchaso, F., Cameron, J.M., Asbill, J.R., Fend, S.V., Duff, J.H., and Engelstad, A., 2010, The transition of benthic nutrient sources after planned levee breaches adjacent to upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1062, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101062.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":340,"text":"Hydrologic Research and Development Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1062.jpg"},{"id":13568,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.2,42.2 ], [ -122.2,42.7 ], [ -121.585,42.7 ], [ -121.585,42.2 ], [ -122.2,42.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db67366a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parchaso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":173016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parchaso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cameron, Jason M.","contributorId":71289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Asbill, Jessica R.","contributorId":39896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asbill","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fend, Steven V. 0000-0002-4638-6602 svfend@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":3591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"Steven","email":"svfend@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Duff, John H. jhduff@usgs.gov","contributorId":961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John","email":"jhduff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Engelstad, Anita C. 0000-0002-0211-4189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0211-4189","contributorId":24884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engelstad","given":"Anita C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":98319,"text":"ofr20101054 - 2010 - Assessment of soil-gas, surface-water, and soil contamination at the Installation Railhead, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2008-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-08T10:48:46","indexId":"ofr20101054","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1054","title":"Assessment of soil-gas, surface-water, and soil contamination at the Installation Railhead, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2008-2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon, assessed soil gas, surface water, and soil for contaminants at the Installation Railhead (IR) at Fort Gordon, Georgia, from October 2008 to September 2009. The assessment included delineation of organic contaminants present in soil-gas samples beneath the IR, and in a surface-water sample collected from an unnamed tributary to Marcum Branch in the western part of the IR. Inorganic contaminants were determined in a surface-water sample and in soil samples. This assessment was conducted to provide environmental contamination data to Fort Gordon personnel pursuant to requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Part B Hazardous Waste Permit process. \r\n\r\nSoil-gas samples collected within a localized area on the western part of the IR contained total petroleum hydrocarbons; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes (referred to as BTEX); and naphthalene above the method detection level. These soil-gas samples were collected where buildings had previously stood. Soil-gas samples collected within a localized area contained perchloroethylene (PCE). These samples were collected where buildings 2410 and 2405 had been. Chloroform and toluene were detected in a surface-water sample collected from an unnamed tributary to Marcum Branch but at concentrations below the National Primary Drinking Water Standard maximum contaminant level (MCL) for each compound. Iron was detected in the surface-water sample at 686 micrograms per liter (ug/L) and exceeded the National Secondary Drinking Water Standard MCL for iron. Metal concentrations in composite soil samples collected at three locations from land surface to a depth of 6 inches did not exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regional Screening Levels for industrial soil.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101054","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., Harrelson, L.G., Ratliff, W.H., and Wellborn, J.B., 2010, Assessment of soil-gas, surface-water, and soil contamination at the Installation Railhead, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2008-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1054, vi, 22 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101054.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1054.jpg"},{"id":13569,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.36666666666666,32.266666666666666 ], [ -82.36666666666666,32.5 ], [ -82.11666666666666,32.5 ], [ -82.11666666666666,32.266666666666666 ], [ -82.36666666666666,32.266666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671cd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrelson, Larry G.","contributorId":70059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrelson","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ratliff, W. Hagan","contributorId":60347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratliff","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hagan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wellborn, John B.","contributorId":24822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellborn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98316,"text":"sir20105002 - 2010 - Estimated Withdrawals and Use of Water in Colorado, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:52","indexId":"sir20105002","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5002","title":"Estimated Withdrawals and Use of Water in Colorado, 2005","docAbstract":"The future health and economic welfare of the people and environment of Colorado depend on a continuous supply of fresh water. Detailed, comprehensive information on the use of water from Colorado's diverse surface-water and groundwater resources is important to water managers and planners by providing information they need to quantify current stresses and estimate and plan for future water needs. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Water Use Information Program (NWUIP), Statewide water withdrawal and water-use data have been collected or estimated and summarized in this report by county and by four-digit hydrologic unit code for the following seven water-use categories: irrigation (crop and golf course), public supply, self-supplied domestic, self-supplied industrial, livestock, mining, and thermoelectric power generation. A summary for instream water use for hydroelectric power generation also is included. This report is published in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board.\r\n\r\nIn 2005, an estimated 13,581.22 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) was withdrawn from groundwater and surface-water sources in Colorado for the seven water-use categories. Withdrawals from surface water represented about 11,035 Mgal/d, or 81.3 percent of the total, whereas withdrawals from groundwater sources represented an estimated 2,546 Mgal/d or 18.7 percent of the total. Irrigation (combined crop and golf course) totaled 12,362.49 Mgal/d or 91 percent of the total water withdrawals in the State of Colorado. Crop irrigation accounted for 99.7 percent (12,321.85 Mgal/d) of the irrigation, whereas the 243 turf golf courses in Colorado accounted for 0.3 percent (40.64 Mgal/d) of the total irrigation water withdrawals. Total withdrawals for the other water-use categories were public supply, 864.17 Mgal/d; self-supplied domestic, 34.43 Mgal/d; self-supplied industrial, 142.44 Mgal/d; livestock, 33.06 Mgal/d; mining, 21.42 Mgal/d (includes both fresh and saline water); and thermoelectric, 123.21 Mgal/d. The counties with the largest total withdrawals (greater than 500 Mgal/d) were Mesa, Weld, Rio Grande, Montrose, Gunnison, and Saguache. Counties with the smallest total withdrawals (less than 5 Mgal/d) were Clear Creek, Gilpin, and San Juan. Four-digit hydrologic unit codes with the greatest withdrawals were 1019 (South Platte River Basin), 1301 (Rio Grande Basin), and 1102 (Arkansas River Basin); the high withdrawal rates were driven by crop irrigation withdrawals. Total instream water use for hydroelectric power generation was 5,253.60 Mgal/d.\r\n\r\nGroundwater withdrawals were estimated for 2004 for the bedrock and overlying alluvial aquifers in the Denver Basin for irrigation, public supply, commercial/industrial, household use only, and domestic/livestock water-use categories. Withdrawals were estimated for input into the USGS Denver Basin model by using the equations in the Senate Bill 96-074 groundwater model. The greatest withdrawals were for public supply. The smallest withdrawals were for household-use-only wells. Douglas County had the greatest groundwater withdrawals (183.98 Mgal/d), whereas Broomfield County had the smallest (3.09 Mgal/d). Of the seven Denver Basin aquifers, the Lower Arapahoe aquifer had the greatest total estimated withdrawals (287.11 Mgal/d), with Douglas County having the greatest public-supply withdrawal of any county (95.29 Mgal/d) from this aquifer. The Upper Dawson aquifer was the least used of the Denver Basin aquifers, based on estimated withdrawals of 17.64 Mgal/d.\r\n\r\nAs part of the Colorado Statewide Water Supply Initiative (SWSI), forecasts of future water demand were made based on information such as population, climate, and then-current (2000) water-use information and did not include the effects of future water conservation. Categories compared between estimates in the SWSI baseline forecasted water demand and the USGS water-use compilation were limited to county population and w","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Ivahnenko, T., and Flynn, J.L., 2010, Estimated Withdrawals and Use of Water in Colorado, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5002, v, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105002.","productDescription":"v, 61 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5002.jpg"},{"id":13566,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,37 ], [ -109,41 ], [ -102,41 ], [ -102,37 ], [ -109,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a269","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivahnenko, Tamara 0000-0002-1124-7688 ivahnenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-7688","contributorId":93524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivahnenko","given":"Tamara","email":"ivahnenk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, Jennifer L.","contributorId":66298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98309,"text":"fs20103020 - 2010 - Studies of Climate Change in the Yukon River Basin: Connecting Community and Science Through a Unique Partnership","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:52","indexId":"fs20103020","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3020","title":"Studies of Climate Change in the Yukon River Basin: Connecting Community and Science Through a Unique Partnership","docAbstract":"An exciting new partnership between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council (YRITWC) is yielding critical data for the assessment of climate change effects in the Yukon River Basin. The foundation of this partnership is a shared interest in the current and future water quality of the Yukon River and its relation to climate. The USGS began a landmark study of the Yukon River and its major tributaries in 2000. A key objective of this study is to establish a baseline dataset of water quality, which will serve as an important frame of reference to assess future changes in the basin that may result from a warmer climate. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103020","collaboration":"In cooperation with the the Yukon River Inter-Tribal Watershed Council","usgsCitation":"Schuster, P.F., and Maracle, K.B., 2010, Studies of Climate Change in the Yukon River Basin: Connecting Community and Science Through a Unique Partnership: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3020, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103020.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3020.gif"},{"id":13562,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 159,51 ], [ 159,68 ], [ -109,68 ], [ -109,51 ], [ 159,51 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a2af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuster, Paul F. 0000-0002-8314-1372 pschuste@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-1372","contributorId":1360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","email":"pschuste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maracle, Karonhiakta’tie Byran","contributorId":41930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maracle","given":"Karonhiakta’tie","email":"","middleInitial":"Byran","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70209429,"text":"70209429 - 2010 - Fate of estrogenic compounds during municipal sludge stabilization and dewatering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T13:58:23.390082","indexId":"70209429","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-07T08:10:19","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Fate of estrogenic compounds during municipal sludge stabilization and dewatering","docAbstract":"<p>This project brought together a team of experts in the fields of environmental engineering, analytical chemistry and hydrogeology, and biological assay analysis to evaluate the occurrence and fate of estrogenic compounds and the estrogenicity of biosolids derived from wastewater treatment. The primary objective of the study was to provide key baseline information concerning the estrogenicity (measured with in vitro bioassays) and concentrations of individual estrogenic compounds and other trace organic chemicals through common wastewater treatment processes. This research is important for developing information critical to the assessment of the potential risks associated with biosolids land application. Published by WERF. 178 pages. Soft cover and online PDF. (2010)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Water Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Furlong, E.T., Gray, J., Quanrud, D.M., Teske, S., Esposito, K., Marine, J., Ela, W.P., Phillips, P.J., Kolpin, D.W., and Stinson, B., 2010, Fate of estrogenic compounds during municipal sludge stabilization and dewatering, 178 p.","productDescription":"178 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":373782,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrf.org/research/projects/fate-estrogenic-compounds-during-municipal-sludge-stabilization-and-dewatering"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":202726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James L.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quanrud, David M.","contributorId":89415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quanrud","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teske, S.E.","contributorId":223862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teske","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Esposito, K.J.","contributorId":75560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esposito","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marine, Jeremy","contributorId":24647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marine","given":"Jeremy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ela, Wendell P.","contributorId":96543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ela","given":"Wendell","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Phillips, Patrick J. 0000-0001-5915-2015 pjphilli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5915-2015","contributorId":172757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Patrick","email":"pjphilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stinson, B.","contributorId":223864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stinson","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":98307,"text":"ofr20101013 - 2010 - Geophysical investigations at Hidden Dam, Raymond, California: Summary of fieldwork and data analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T18:14:32.956745","indexId":"ofr20101013","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1013","displayTitle":"Geophysical Investigations at Hidden Dam, Raymond, California: Summary of Fieldwork and Data Analysis","title":"Geophysical investigations at Hidden Dam, Raymond, California: Summary of fieldwork and data analysis","docAbstract":"Geophysical field investigations have been carried out at the Hidden Dam in Raymond, California for the purpose of better understanding the hydrogeology and seepage-related conditions at the site. Known seepage areas on the northwest right abutment area of the downstream side of the dam are documented by Cedergren. Subsequent to the 1980 seepage study, a drainage blanket with a subdrain system was installed to mitigate downstream seepage. Flow net analysis provided by Cedergren suggests that the primary seepage mechanism involves flow through the dam foundation due to normal reservoir pool elevations, which results in upflow that intersects the ground surface in several areas on the downstream side of the dam. In addition to the reservoir pool elevations and downstream surface topography, flow is also controlled by the existing foundation geology as well as the presence or absence of a horizontal drain within the downstream portion of the dam. \r\n\r\nThe purpose of the current geophysical work is to (1) identify present-day seepage areas that may not be evident due to the effectiveness of the drainage blanket in redirecting seepage water, and (2) provide information about subsurface geologic structures that may control subsurface flow and seepage. These tasks are accomplished through the use of two complementary electrical geophysical methods, self-potentials (SP) and direct-current (DC) electrical resistivity, which have been commonly utilized in dam-seepage studies. SP is a passive method that is primarily sensitive to active subsurface groundwater flow and seepage, whereas DC resistivity is an active-source method that is sensitive to changes in subsurface lithology and groundwater saturation.\r\n\r\nThe focus of this field campaign was on the downstream area on the right abutment, or northwest side of the dam, as this is the main area of interest regarding seepage. Two exploratory self-potential lines were also collected on the downstream left abutment of the dam to identify potential seepage in that area. This report is primarily a summary of the field geophysical data acquisition, with some preliminary results and interpretation. Further work will involve a more rigorous analysis of the geophysical datasets and an examination of a large dataset of historical observations of water levels in a number of observation wells and piezometers compared with reservoir elevation. In addition, a partially saturated flow model will be developed to better understand seepage patterns given the available information about dam construction, geophysical results, and data from installed observation wells and piezometers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Minsley, B.J., Burton, B., Ikard, S., and Powers, M.H., 2010, Geophysical investigations at Hidden Dam, Raymond, California: Summary of fieldwork and data analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1013, viii, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101013.","productDescription":"viii, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1013.jpg"},{"id":403281,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92494.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13559,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Madera County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.8997,\n              37.1061\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.8764,\n              37.1061\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.8764,\n              37.1225\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.8997,\n              37.1225\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.8997,\n              37.1061\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8bf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ikard, Scott","contributorId":14779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikard","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powers, Michael H. 0000-0002-4480-7856 mhpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-7856","contributorId":851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Michael","email":"mhpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70250213,"text":"70250213 - 2010 - Theme section on “Mesophotic coral ecosystems: Characterization, ecology, and management”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-28T18:09:43.133992","indexId":"70250213","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-02T12:05:21","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Theme section on “Mesophotic coral ecosystems: Characterization, ecology, and management”","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) are characterized by the presence of light-dependent corals and associated communities that are typically found at depths ranging from 30 to 40&nbsp;m and extending to over 150&nbsp;m in tropical and subtropical regions. The dominant communities providing structural habitat in the mesophotic zone can be comprised of coral, sponge, and algal species. Because working in this depth range is constrained by traditional SCUBA limits, less is known about corals and associated organisms there compared to shallower coral communities. Following the first-ever gathering of international scientists to review and discuss existing knowledge of MCEs, this issue focuses on the ecological characterization, geomorphology, and concept of MCEs as refugia for shallow-water populations. The review and research papers comprising this special issue reflect the current scientific understanding of these ecosystems and the underlying mechanisms that regulate them, as well as potential resource management implications. It is important to understand the value and role of mesophotic coral ecosystems in tropical and subtropical regions as these areas face increasing environmental change and human impacts</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00338-010-0614-5","usgsCitation":"Hinderstein, L.M., Marr, J.C., Martinez, F.A., Dowgiallo, M.J., Puglise, R.L., Pyle, R.L., Zawada, D.G., and Appeldoorn, R., 2010, Theme section on “Mesophotic coral ecosystems: Characterization, ecology, and management”: Coral Reefs, v. 29, p. 247-251, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0614-5.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"251","ipdsId":"IP-013102","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0614-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":423018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinderstein, Lara M.","contributorId":331853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinderstein","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marr, John C.A.","contributorId":331854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marr","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martinez, Felix A.","contributorId":214522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez","given":"Felix","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39061,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dowgiallo, Michael J.","contributorId":331855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dowgiallo","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Puglise, Richard L.","contributorId":331856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puglise","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pyle, R. L.","contributorId":68004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pyle","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zawada, David G. 0000-0003-4547-4878 dzawada@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-4878","contributorId":331852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zawada","given":"David","email":"dzawada@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":888931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Appeldoorn, R.","contributorId":331857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Appeldoorn","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70236359,"text":"70236359 - 2010 - Ferromanganese crusts as archives of deep water Cd isotope compositions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T19:58:38.3022","indexId":"70236359","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-01T14:49:32","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ferromanganese crusts as archives of deep water Cd isotope compositions","docAbstract":"<p>The geochemistry of Cd in seawater has attracted significant attention owing to the nutrient-like properties of this element. Recent culturing studies have demonstrated that Cd is a biologically important trace metal that plays a role in the sequestration of inorganic carbon. This conclusion is supported by recent isotope data for Cd dissolved in seawater and incorporated in cultured phytoplankton. These results show that plankton features isotopically light Cd while Cd-depleted surface waters typically exhibit complimentary heavy Cd isotope compositions. Seawater samples from below 900 m depth display a uniform and intermediate isotope composition of ε<sup>114/110</sup>Cd = +3.3 ± 0.5. This study investigates whether ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts are robust archives of deep water Cd isotope compositions. To this end, Cd isotope data were obtained for the recent growth surfaces of 15 Fe-Mn crusts from the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Southern oceans and two USGS Fe-Mn reference nodules using double spike multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The Fe-Mn crusts yield a mean ε<sup>114/110</sup>Cd of +3.2 ± 0.4 (2 SE,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 14). Data for all but one of the samples are identical, within the analytical uncertainty of ±1.1ε<sup>114/110</sup>Cd (2 SD), to the mean deep water Cd isotope value. This indicates that Fe-Mn crusts record seawater Cd isotope compositions without significant isotope fractionation. A single sample from the Southern Ocean exhibits a light Cd isotope composition of ε<sup>114/110</sup>Cd = 0.2 ± 1.1. The origin of this signature is unclear, but it may reflect variations in deep water Cd isotope compositions related to differences in surface water Cd utilization or long-term changes in seawater ε<sup>114/110</sup>Cd. The results suggest that time series analyses of Fe-Mn crusts may be utilized to study changes in marine Cd utilization.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009GC002987","usgsCitation":"Horner, T.J., Schonbachler, M., Rehkämper, M., Nielsen, S., Williams, H., Halliday, A.N., Xue, Z.G., and Hein, J.R., 2010, Ferromanganese crusts as archives of deep water Cd isotope compositions: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 11, no. 4, Q04001, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002987.","productDescription":"Q04001, 10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horner, T. J.","contributorId":296144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horner","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7115,"text":"Imperial College of London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schonbachler, M.","contributorId":296145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schonbachler","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7115,"text":"Imperial College of London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rehkämper, M.","contributorId":296146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rehkämper","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7115,"text":"Imperial College of London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, S.G.","contributorId":49171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, H.","contributorId":51486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Halliday, A. N.","contributorId":87663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliday","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Xue, Z. George","contributorId":347342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xue","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"George","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70199736,"text":"70199736 - 2010 - Distribution and trends in reference evapotranspiration in the North China plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T15:05:43","indexId":"70199736","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-01T13:50:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2362,"text":"Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and trends in reference evapotranspiration in the North China plain","docAbstract":"<p>The distribution and trends in reference evapotranspiration (ET(o)) are extremely important to water resources planning for agriculture, and it is widely believed that rates of ET(o) will increase with global warming. This is a big concern in China, where water deficits are common in the North China Plain (NCP). In this study, Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration at 26 meteorological stations during 1961-2006 in and around the NCP was calculated. The temporal variations and spatial distribution of ET(o) were analyzed and the causes for the variations were discussed. The results showed that: (1) the NCP was divided into two climatic regions based on aridity values: a semiarid region that accounts for 69% of the area and subhumid regions that made of the remaining area; (2) over the entire NCP, the highest annual ET(o) occurred in the central and western areas and the lowest total ET(o) was observed in the east. Comparing the mean monthly ET(o) and annual ET(o) distributions, the high ET(o) values from May through July mainly determined the annual ET(o) distribution; (3) for the whole NCP, annual ET(o) showed a statistically significant decrease of 11.92 mm/decade over the 46 years of data collection in the NCP or approximately a 5% total decrease compared to the ET(o) values in 1961; (4) to determine which variable has the greatest effect on the decrease in ET(o), decadal changes were observed for daily values of maximum air temperature (+0.16 degrees C), minimum air temperature (+0.35 degrees C), net radiation (-0.13 MJ m(-2)), and mean wind speed (-0.09 m s(-1)). These results indicate that the decreasing net radiation and wind speed had a bigger impact on ET(o) rates than the increases observed by the maximum and minimum temperatures. <br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000175","usgsCitation":"Song, Z.W., Zhang, H., Snyder, R.L., Anderson, F., and Chen, F., 2010, Distribution and trends in reference evapotranspiration in the North China plain: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, v. 136, no. 4, p. 240-247, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000175.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"240","endPage":"247","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"North China Plain","volume":"136","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c716e4b034bf6a7f50dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Song, Z. W.","contributorId":208213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Song","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Hailin","contributorId":208203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Hailin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, Richard L.","contributorId":167497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24726,"text":"Department of Land, Air and Water Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Frank 0000-0002-1418-4678 fanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-4678","contributorId":167488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Frank","email":"fanders@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, F.","contributorId":103053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70155086,"text":"70155086 - 2010 - Abandoned mine drainage in the Swatara Creek Basin, southern anthracite coalfield, Pennsylvania, USA: 2. performance of treatment systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-29T11:13:09","indexId":"70155086","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abandoned mine drainage in the Swatara Creek Basin, southern anthracite coalfield, Pennsylvania, USA: 2. performance of treatment systems","docAbstract":"<p><span>A variety of passive and semi-passive treatment systems were constructed by state and local agencies to neutralize acidic mine drainage (AMD) and reduce the transport of dissolved metals in the upper Swatara Creek Basin in the Southern Anthracite Coalfield in eastern Pennsylvania. To evaluate the effectiveness of selected treatment systems installed during 1995&ndash;2001, the US Geological Survey collected water-quality data at upstream and downstream locations relative to each system eight or more times annually for a minimum of 3&nbsp;years at each site during 1996&ndash;2007. Performance was normalized among treatment types by dividing the acid load removed by the size of the treatment system. For the limestone sand, open limestone channel, oxic limestone drain, anoxic limestone drain (ALD), and limestone diversion well treatment systems, the size was indicated by the total mass of limestone; for the aerobic wetland systems, the size was indicated by the total surface area of ponds and wetlands. Additionally, the approximate cost per tonne of acid treated over an assumed service life of 20&nbsp;years was computed. On the basis of these performance metrics, the limestone sand, ALD, oxic limestone drain, and limestone diversion wells had similar ranges of acid-removal efficiency and cost efficiency. However, the open limestone channel had lower removal efficiency and higher cost per ton of acid treated. The wetlands effectively attenuated metals transport but were relatively expensive considering metrics that evaluated acid removal and cost efficiency. Although the water-quality data indicated that all treatments reduced the acidity load from AMD, the ALD was most effective at producing near-neutral pH and attenuating acidity and dissolved metals. The diversion wells were effective at removing acidity and increasing pH of downstream water and exhibited unique potential to treat moderate to high flows associated with storm flow conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10230-010-0113-5","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., 2010, Abandoned mine drainage in the Swatara Creek Basin, southern anthracite coalfield, Pennsylvania, USA: 2. performance of treatment systems: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 29, no. 3, p. 200-216, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-010-0113-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"216","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013771","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":305713,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10230-010-0113-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Swatara Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.62757873535156,\n              40.42499671108253\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.62757873535156,\n              40.58162765924269\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.32064819335938,\n              40.58162765924269\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.32064819335938,\n              40.42499671108253\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.62757873535156,\n              40.42499671108253\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b98fb9e4b08f6647be516b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":138829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles A.","suffix":"III","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70155081,"text":"70155081 - 2010 - Abandoned mine drainage in the Swatara Creek Basin, southern anthracite coalfield, Pennsylvania, USA: 1. stream quality trends coinciding with the return of fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-29T10:43:45","indexId":"70155081","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abandoned mine drainage in the Swatara Creek Basin, southern anthracite coalfield, Pennsylvania, USA: 1. stream quality trends coinciding with the return of fish","docAbstract":"<p>Acidic mine drainage (AMD) from legacy anthracite mines has contaminated Swatara Creek in eastern Pennsylvania. Intermittently collected base-flow data for 1959&ndash;1986 indicate that fish were absent immediately downstream from the mined area where pH ranged from 3.5 to 7.2 and concentrations of sulfate, dissolved iron, and dissolved aluminum were as high as 250, 2.0, and 4.7 mg/L, respectively. However, in the 1990s, fish returned to upper Swatara Creek, coinciding with the implementation of AMD treatment (limestone drains, limestone diversion wells, limestone sand, constructed wetlands) in the watershed. During 1996&ndash;2006, as many as 25 species of fish were identified in the reach downstream from the mined area, with base-flow pH from 5.8 to 7.6 and concentrations of sulfate, dissolved iron, and dissolved aluminum as high as 120, 1.2, and 0.43 mg/L, respectively. Several of the fish taxa are intolerant of pollution and low pH, such as river chub (Nocomis icropogon) and longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae). Cold-water species such as brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and warm-water species such as rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) varied in predominance depending on stream flow and stream temperature. Storm flow data for 1996&ndash;2007 indicated pH, alkalinity, and sulfate concentrations decreased as the stream flow and associated storm-runoff component increased, whereas iron and other metal concentrations were poorly correlated with stream flow because of hysteresis effects (greater metal concentrations during rising stage than falling stage). Prior to 1999, pH\\5.0 was recorded during several storm events; however, since the implementation of AMD treatments, pH has been maintained near neutral. Flow-adjusted trends for1997&ndash;2006 indicated significant increases in calcium; decreases in hydrogen ion, dissolved aluminum, dissolved and total manganese, and total iron; and no change in sulfate or dissolved iron in Swatara Creek immediately downstream from the mined area. The increased pH and calcium from limestone in treatment systems can be important for mitigating toxic effects of dissolved metals. Thus, treatment of AMD during the 1990s improved pH buffering, reduced metals transport, and helped to decrease metals toxicity to fish.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10230-010-0112-6","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., Brightbill, R.A., and Langland, M.J., 2010, Abandoned mine drainage in the Swatara Creek Basin, southern anthracite coalfield, Pennsylvania, USA: 1. stream quality trends coinciding with the return of fish: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 29, no. 3, p. 176-199, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-010-0112-6.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"199","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-005668","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306225,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Swatara Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.62757873535156,\n              40.42499671108253\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.62757873535156,\n              40.58162765924269\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.32064819335938,\n              40.58162765924269\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.32064819335938,\n              40.42499671108253\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.62757873535156,\n              40.42499671108253\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b98fb7e4b08f6647be5168","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":138829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles A.","suffix":"III","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brightbill, Robin A. 0000-0003-4683-9656 rabright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-9656","contributorId":618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightbill","given":"Robin","email":"rabright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langland, Michael J. 0000-0002-8350-8779 langland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-8779","contributorId":2347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langland","given":"Michael","email":"langland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98305,"text":"sir20095237 - 2010 - Hydrology, water quality, and causes of changes in vegetation in the vicinity of the Spring Bluff Nature Preserve, Lake County, Illinois, May 2007–August 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T20:11:33.504956","indexId":"sir20095237","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5237","title":"Hydrology, water quality, and causes of changes in vegetation in the vicinity of the Spring Bluff Nature Preserve, Lake County, Illinois, May 2007–August 2008","docAbstract":"Agriculture and urbanization have altered the hydrology and water quality of the coastal wetland complex along the shore of Lake Michigan at the Spring Bluff Nature Preserve and Illinois Beach State Park in northeastern Lake County, Ill., and the adjacent Chiwaukee Prairie State Natural Area in southeastern Wisconsin. Culverts, roads, ditches, and berms installed within the wetland complex have altered the natural directions of surface-water flow and likely have increased the natural hydroperiod in the Spring Bluff Nature Preserve and decreased it in the northern part of the Illinois Beach State Park. Relative to presettlement conditions, surface-water runoff into the wetlands likely is greater in quantity and higher in concentrations of several constituents, including chloride, nitrate, phosphorous, and suspended sediment. These constituent concentrations are affected by a variety of factors, including the amount of agricultural and urban land use in the watersheds. Hydrologic, chemical, and biologic processes within the wetland communities reduce the concentrations of these constituents in surface water before the water discharges to Lake Michigan by as much as 75 percent for chloride, 85 percent for nitrate, 66 percent for phosphorous, and more than an order of magnitude for suspended sediment. However, concentrations of phosphorous and suspended sediment in surface water increased within parts of the wetland complex. Given these changes, the floristic quality of these wetlands has been altered from the historic condition. Specifically, Typha spp. and Phragmites australis occur in greater numbers and over a larger area than in the past. The spread of Typha spp. and Phragmites australis appears to be enhanced by anthropogenic alterations within the wetland complex, such as increased water levels and duration of inundation and, possibly, increases in the total concentration of dissolved constituents in water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095237","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lake County Forest Preserve District and the Illinois State Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., Miner, J.J., Maurer, D.A., and Knight, C.W., 2010, Hydrology, water quality, and causes of changes in vegetation in the vicinity of the Spring Bluff Nature Preserve, Lake County, Illinois, May 2007–August 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5237, viii, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095237.","productDescription":"viii, 64 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-05-01","temporalEnd":"2008-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5237.jpg"},{"id":394610,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92111.htm"},{"id":13558,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5237/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","county":"Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Spring Bluff Nature Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.83552169799805,\n              42.41395203297514\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.80101776123047,\n              42.41395203297514\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.80101776123047,\n              42.49171970062173\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.83552169799805,\n              42.49171970062173\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.83552169799805,\n              42.41395203297514\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c98d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, Robert T. 0000-0002-6281-8997 rtkay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-8997","contributorId":1122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Robert","email":"rtkay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miner, James J.","contributorId":30315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maurer, Debbie A.","contributorId":70509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Debbie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knight, Charles W.","contributorId":85290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70176782,"text":"70176782 - 2010 - Climate-induced tree mortality: Earth system consequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T13:57:54","indexId":"70176782","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate-induced tree mortality: Earth system consequences","docAbstract":"<p>One of the greatest uncertainties in global environmental change is predicting changes in feedbacks between the biosphere and the Earth system. Terrestrial ecosystems and, in particular, forests exert strong controls on the global carbon cycle and influence regional hydrology and climatology directly through water and surface energy budgets [<i>Bonan</i>, 2008; <i>Chapin et al.</i>, 2008].</p><p>According to new research, tree mortality associated with elevated temperatures and drought has the potential to rapidly alter forest ecosystems, potentially affecting feedbacks to the Earth system [<i>Allen et al.</i>, 2010]. Several lines of recent research demonstrate how tree mortality rates in forests may be sensitive to climate change—particularly warming and drying. This emerging consequence of global change has important effects on Earth system processes (Figure 1).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2010EO170003","usgsCitation":"Adams, H., Macalady, A.K., Breshears, D.D., Allen, C.D., Stephenson, N.L., Saleska, S., Huxman, T.E., and McDowell, N., 2010, Climate-induced tree mortality: Earth system consequences: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 91, no. 17, p. 153-154, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010EO170003.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"154","ipdsId":"IP-018207","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8151e4b0824b2d1480b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Henry D.","contributorId":105619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Henry D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macalady, Alison K.","contributorId":69855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macalady","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breshears, David D.","contributorId":51620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Saleska, Scott","contributorId":139485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saleska","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Huxman, Travis E.","contributorId":53898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huxman","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McDowell, Nathan G.","contributorId":9176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDowell","given":"Nathan G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70179737,"text":"70179737 - 2010 - Stable isotopes differentiate bottlenose dolphins off west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T14:07:29","indexId":"70179737","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotopes differentiate bottlenose dolphins off west-central Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>Distinguishing discrete population units among continuously distributed coastal small cetaceans is challenging and crucial to conservation. We evaluated the utility of stable isotopes in assessing group membership in bottlenose dolphins (</span><i>Tursiops truncatus</i><span>) off west-central Florida by analyzing carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope values (δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C, δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N, and δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S) of tooth collagen from stranded dolphins. Individuals derived from three putative general population units: Sarasota Bay (SB), nearshore Gulf of Mexico (GULF), and offshore waters (OFF). Animals of known history (SB) served to ground truth the approach against animals of unknown history from the Gulf of Mexico (GULF, OFF). Dolphin groups differed significantly for each isotope. Average δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C values from SB dolphins (−10.6‰) utilizing sea grass ecosystems differed from those of GULF (−11.9‰) and OFF (−11.9‰). Average δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N values of GULF (12.7‰) and OFF (13.2‰) were higher than those of SB dolphins (11.9‰), consistent with differences in prey trophic levels. δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S values showed definitive differences among SB (7.1‰), GULF (11.3‰), and OFF (16.5‰) dolphins. This is the first application of isotopes to population assignment of bottlenose dolphins in the Gulf of Mexico and results suggest that isotopes may provide a powerful tool in the conservation of small cetaceans.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00315.x","usgsCitation":"Barros, N., Ostrom, P.H., Stricker, C.A., and Wells, R., 2010, Stable isotopes differentiate bottlenose dolphins off west-central Florida: Marine Mammal Science, v. 26, no. 2, p. 324-336, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00315.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"324","endPage":"336","ipdsId":"IP-010267","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333233,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"26","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"587f3da6e4b0d96de256455b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barros, Nélio B.","contributorId":89053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barros","given":"Nélio B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostrom, P. H.","contributorId":121266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostrom","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wells, R.S.","contributorId":82623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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