{"pageNumber":"792","pageRowStart":"19775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46706,"records":[{"id":70036740,"text":"70036740 - 2009 - On the use of high-resolution topographic data as a proxy for seismic site conditions (V<sub>S30</sub>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70036740","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the use of high-resolution topographic data as a proxy for seismic site conditions (V<sub>S30</sub>)","docAbstract":"An alternative method has recently been proposed for evaluating global seismic site conditions, or the average shear velocity to 30 m depth (V<sub>S30</sub>), from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 30 arcsec digital elevation models (DEMs). The basic premise of the method is that the topographic slope can be used as a reliable proxy for V<sub>S30</sub> in the absence of geologically and geotechnically based site-condition maps through correlations between VS30 measurements and topographic gradient. Here we evaluate the use of higher-resolution (3 and 9 arcsec) DEMs to examine whether we are able to resolve V<sub>S30</sub> in more detail than can be achieved using the lower-resolution SRTM data. High-quality DEMs at resolutions greater than 30 arcsec are not uniformly available at the global scale. However, in many regions where such data exist, they may be employed to resolve finer-scale variations in topographic gradient, and consequently, V<sub>S30</sub>. We use the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Data Center's National Elevation Dataset (NED) to investigate the use of high-resolution DEMs for estimating V<sub>S30</sub> in several regions across the United States, including the San Francisco Bay area in California, Los Angeles, California, and St. Louis, Missouri. We compare these results with an example from Taipei, Taiwan, that uses 9 arcsec SRTM data, which are globally available. The use of higher-resolution NED data recovers finer-scale variations in topographic gradient, which better correlate to geological and geomorphic features, in particular, at the transition between hills and basins, warranting their use over 30 arcsec SRTM data where available. However, statistical analyses indicate little to no improvement over lower-resolution topography when compared to V<sub>S30</sub> measurements, suggesting that some topographic smoothing may provide more stable V<sub>S30</sub> estimates. Furthermore, we find that elevation variability in canopy-based SRTM measurements at resolutions greater than 30 arcsec are too large to resolve reliable slopes, particularly in low-gradient sedimentary basins.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120080255","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Allen, T., and Wald, D., 2009, On the use of high-resolution topographic data as a proxy for seismic site conditions (V<sub>S30</sub>): Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, no. 2 A, p. 935-943, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080255.","startPage":"935","endPage":"943","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217654,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080255"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2 A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e0ae4b0c8380cd75467","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, T.I.","contributorId":6659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"T.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176176,"text":"70176176 - 2009 - Integrating terrestrial LiDAR and stereo photogrammetry to map the Tolay lakebed in northern San Francisco Bay","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70176176,"text":"70176176 - 2009 - Integrating terrestrial LiDAR and stereo photogrammetry to map the Tolay lakebed in northern San Francisco Bay","indexId":"70176176","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Integrating terrestrial LiDAR and stereo photogrammetry to map the Tolay lakebed in northern San Francisco Bay"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T16:36:30.322055","indexId":"70176176","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integrating terrestrial LiDAR and stereo photogrammetry to map the Tolay lakebed in northern San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>The Tolay Creek Watershed drains approximately 3,520 ha along the northern edge of San Francisco Bay. Surrounded by a mosaic of open space conservation easements and public wildlife areas, it is one of the only watersheds in this urbanized estuary that is protected from its headwaters to the bay. Tolay Lake is a seasonal, spring-fed lake found in the upper watershed that historically extended over 120 ha. Although the lakebed was farmed since the early 1860s, the majority of the lakebed was recently acquired by the Sonoma County Regional Parks Department to restore its natural habitat values. As part of the restoration planning process, we produced a digital elevation model (DEM) of the historic extent of Tolay Lake by integrating terrestrial LiDAR (light detection and ranging) and stereo photogrammetry datasets, and real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS) surveys. We integrated the data, generated a DEM of the lakebed and upland areas, and analyzed errors. The accuracy of the composite DEM was verified using spot elevations obtained from the RTK GPS. Thus, we found that by combining photogrammetry, terrestrial LiDAR, and RTK GPS, we created an accurate baseline elevation map to use in watershed restoration planning and design.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Third interagency conference on research in the watersheds","conferenceDate":"September 8-11, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Woo, I., Storesund, R., Takekawa, J.Y., Gardiner, R.J., and Ehret, S., 2009, Integrating terrestrial LiDAR and stereo photogrammetry to map the Tolay lakebed in northern San Francisco Bay, <i>in</i> Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation, Estes Park, CO, September 8-11, 2008, p. 279-284.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"284","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010725","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328098,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5049/pdf/Woo.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"northern San Francisco Bay, Tolay Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.52725601196288,\n              38.1975848123397\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51,\n              38.1975848123397\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51,\n              38.21748069161304\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.52725601196288,\n              38.21748069161304\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.52725601196288,\n              38.1975848123397\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7ffb4e4b0f2f0cebfc27e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woo, Isa 0000-0002-8447-9236 iwoo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8447-9236","contributorId":2524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woo","given":"Isa","email":"iwoo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storesund, Rune Rune","contributorId":121326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storesund","given":"Rune","suffix":"Rune","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gardiner, Rachel J.","contributorId":174164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardiner","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ehret, Steve Steve","contributorId":121092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehret","given":"Steve","suffix":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035243,"text":"70035243 - 2009 - Soil and nutrient retention in winter-flooded ricefields with implications for watershed management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035243","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil and nutrient retention in winter-flooded ricefields with implications for watershed management","docAbstract":"The ability of water resources to support aquatic life and human needs depends, in part, on reducing nonpoint source pollution amid contemporary agricultural practices. Winter retention of shallow water on rice and other agricultural fields is an accepted management practice for wildlife conservation; however, soil and water conservation benefits are not well documented. We evaluated the ability of four post-harvest ricefield treatment combinations (stubble-flooded, stubble-open, disked-flooded and disked-open) to abate nonpoint source exports into watersheds of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Total suspended solid exports were 1,121 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> (1,000 lb ac<sup>-1</sup>) from disked-open fields where rice stubble was disked after harvest and fields were allowed to drain, compared with 35 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> (31 lb ac<sup>-1</sup>) from stubble-flooded fields where stubble was left standing after harvest and fields captured rainfall from November 1 to March 1. Estimates of total suspended solid exports from ricefields based on Landsat imagery and USDA crop data are 0.43 and 0.40 Mg km<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> in the Big Sunflower and L'Anguille watersheds, respectively. Estimated reductions in total suspended solid exports from ricefields into the Big Sunflower and L'Anguille water-sheds range from 26% to 64% under hypothetical scenarios in which 65% to 100% of the rice production area is managed to capture winter rainfall. Winter ricefield management reduced nonpoint source export by decreasing concentrations of solids and nutrients in, and reducing runoff volume from, ricefields in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2489/jswc.64.3.173","issn":"00224561","usgsCitation":"Manley, S., Kaminski, R., Rodrigue, P., Dewey, J., Schoenholtz, S., Gerard, P., and Reinecke, K.J., 2009, Soil and nutrient retention in winter-flooded ricefields with implications for watershed management: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 64, no. 3, p. 173-182, https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.64.3.173.","startPage":"173","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215336,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.64.3.173"},{"id":243131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91e9e4b08c986b319b96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manley, S.W.","contributorId":13716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manley","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaminski, R.M.","contributorId":53330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminski","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodrigue, P.B.","contributorId":98559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodrigue","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dewey, J.C.","contributorId":7100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schoenholtz, S.H.","contributorId":60178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenholtz","given":"S.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gerard, P.D.","contributorId":16368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerard","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036747,"text":"70036747 - 2009 - Seabird nest counts: A test of monitoring metrics using Red-tailed Tropicbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:58","indexId":"70036747","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seabird nest counts: A test of monitoring metrics using Red-tailed Tropicbirds","docAbstract":"Counts of nesting birds are often used to monitor the abundance of breeding pairs at colonies. Mean incubation counts (MICs) are counts of nests with eggs at intervals that correspond to the mean incubation period of a species. The sum of all counts during the nesting season (MIC<sub>total</sub>) and the highest single count during the season (MIC<sub>max</sub>) are metrics that can be generated from this method. However, the utility of these metrics as measures of the number of breeding pairs has not been well tested. We used two approaches to evaluate the bias and precision of MIC metrics for quantifying annual variation in the number of breeding Red-tailed Tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda) nesting on two islands in the Papahnaumokukea Marine National Monument in the northwest Hawaiian Islands. First, we used data from nest plots with individually marked birds to generate simulated MIC metrics that we compared to the known number of nesting individuals. The MIC<sub>total</sub> overestimated the number of pairs by about 5%, whereas the MIC<sub>max</sub> underestimated the number of pairs by about 60%. However, both metrics exhibited similar precision. Second, we used a 12-yr time series of island-wide MICs to compare estimates of temporal trend and annual variation using the MIC<sub>max</sub> and MIC<sub>total</sub>. The 95% confidence intervals for the trend estimates were overlapping and the residual standard errors for the two metrics were similar. Our results suggest that both metrics offered similar precision for indices of breeding pairs of Red-tailed Tropicbirds, but that MIC<sub>total</sub> was more accurate. ?? 2009 Association of Field Ornithologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00233.x","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Seavy, N., and Reynolds, M., 2009, Seabird nest counts: A test of monitoring metrics using Red-tailed Tropicbirds: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 80, no. 3, p. 297-302, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00233.x.","startPage":"297","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217767,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00233.x"},{"id":245731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8824e4b08c986b316803","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seavy, N.E.","contributorId":26403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seavy","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, M.H. 0000-0001-7253-8158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":64214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035666,"text":"70035666 - 2009 - Constraining earthquake source inversions with GPS data: 2. A two-step approach to combine seismic and geodetic data sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035666","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraining earthquake source inversions with GPS data: 2. A two-step approach to combine seismic and geodetic data sets","docAbstract":"We present a new method to combine static and wavefield data to image earthquake ruptures. Our combined inversion is a two-step procedure, following the work of Hernandez et al. (1999), and takes into account the differences between the resolutions of the two data sets. The first step consists of an inversion of the static field, which yields a map of slip amplitude. This inversion exploits a special irregular grid that takes into account the resolution of the static data. The second step is an inversion of the radiated wavefield; it results in the determination of the time evolution of slip on the fault. In the second step, the slip amplitude is constrained to resemble the static slip amplitude map inferred from the GPS inversion. Using this combined inversion, we study the source process of the 2004 M6 Parkfield, California, earthquake. We conclude that slip occurred in two main regions of the fault, each of which displayed distinct rupture behaviors. Slip initiated at the hypocenter with a very strong bilateral burst of energy. Here, slip was localized in a narrow area approximately 10 km long, the rupture velocity was very fast (???3.5 km/s), and slip only lasted a short period of time (<1 s). Then the rupture proceeded to a wider region 12-20 km northwest of the hypocenter. Here, the earthquake developed in a more moderated way: the rupture velocity slowed to ???3.0 km/s and slip lasted longer (1-2 s). The maximum slip amplitude was 0.45 m. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JB005746","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Custodio, S., Page, M., and Archuleta, R., 2009, Constraining earthquake source inversions with GPS data: 2. A two-step approach to combine seismic and geodetic data sets: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005746.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487265,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005746","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216217,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005746"},{"id":244074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa08e4b0c8380cd4d8b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custodio, S.","contributorId":81714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custodio","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, M.T.","contributorId":36771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Archuleta, R.J.","contributorId":79245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archuleta","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036753,"text":"70036753 - 2009 - Investigation of uptake and retention of atmospheric Hg(II) by boreal forest plants using stable Hg isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:12:09","indexId":"70036753","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of uptake and retention of atmospheric Hg(II) by boreal forest plants using stable Hg isotopes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although there is now a general consensus among mercury (Hg) biogeochemists that increased atmospheric inputs of inorganic Hg(II) to lakes and watersheds can result in increased methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in fish, researchers still lack kinetic data describing the movement of Hg from the atmosphere, through watershed and lake ecosystems, and into fish. The use of isotopically enriched Hg species in environmental studies now allows experimentally applied new Hg to be distinguished from ambient Hg naturally present in the system. Four different enriched stable Hg(II) isotope “spikes” were applied sequentially over four years to the ground vegetation of a microcatchment at the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) in the remote boreal forest of Canada to examine retention of Hg(II) following deposition. Areal masses of the spikes and ambient THg (all forms of Hg in a sample) were monitored for eight years, and the pattern of spike retention was used to estimate retention of newly deposited ambient Hg within the ground vegetation pool. Fifty to eighty percent of applied spike Hg was initially retained by ground vegetation. The areal mass of spike Hg declined exponentially over time and was best described by a first-order process with constants (</span><i>k</i><span>) ranging between 9.7 × 10</span><sup>−4</sup><span>&nbsp;day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;and 11.6 × 10</span><sup>−4</sup><span>day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Average half-life (</span><i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub><span>) of spike Hg within the ground vegetation pool (±S.D.) was 704 ± 52 days. This retention of new atmospheric Hg(II) by vegetation delays movement of new Hg(II) into soil, runoff, and finally into adjacent lakes. Ground-applied Hg(II) spikes were not detected in tree foliage and litterfall, indicating that stomatal and/or root uptake of previously deposited Hg (i.e., “recycled” from ground vegetation or soil Hg pools) were likely not large sources of foliar Hg under&nbsp;these experimental conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es900357s","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Graydon, J., , L., Hintelmann, H., Lindberg, S., Sandilands, K., Rudd, J., Kelly, C., Tate, M., Krabbenhoft, D., and Lehnherr, I., 2009, Investigation of uptake and retention of atmospheric Hg(II) by boreal forest plants using stable Hg isotopes: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 43, no. 13, p. 4960-4966, https://doi.org/10.1021/es900357s.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4960","endPage":"4966","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217821,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es900357s"}],"volume":"43","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3eaae4b0c8380cd63f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graydon, J.A.","contributorId":7902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graydon","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":" Louis","contributorId":71353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hintelmann, H.","contributorId":64423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hintelmann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindberg, S.E.","contributorId":87354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sandilands, K.A.","contributorId":63619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandilands","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rudd, J.W.M.","contributorId":45487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudd","given":"J.W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kelly, C.A.","contributorId":72564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tate, M.T.","contributorId":29638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lehnherr, I.","contributorId":97746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehnherr","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70036755,"text":"70036755 - 2009 - Genetic diversity among brazilian isolates of beauveria bassiana: comparisons with non-brazilian isolates and other beauveria species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70036755","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2169,"text":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic diversity among brazilian isolates of beauveria bassiana: comparisons with non-brazilian isolates and other beauveria species","docAbstract":"Aims: The genetic diversity of Beauveria bassiana was investigated by comparing isolates of this species to each other (49 from different geographical regions of Brazil and 4 from USA) and to other Beauveria spp. Methods and Results: The isolates were examined by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and rDNA sequencing. MLEE and AFLP revealed considerable genetic variability among B. bassiana isolates. Several isolates from South and Southeast Brazil had high similarity coefficients, providing evidence of at least one population with clonal structure. There were clear genomic differences between most Brazilian and USA B. bassiana isolates. A Mantel test using data generated by AFLP provided evidence that greater geographical distances were associated with higher genetic distances. AFLP and rDNA sequencing demonstrated notable genotypic variation between B. bassiana and other Beauveria spp. Conclusion: Geographical distance between populations apparently is an important factor influencing genotypic variability among B. bassiana populations in Brazil. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study characterized many B. bassiana isolates. The results indicate that certain Brazilian isolates are considerably different from others and possibly should be regarded as separate species from B. bassiana sensu latu. The information on genetic variation among the Brazilian isolates, therefore, will be important to comprehending the population structure of B. bassiana in Brazil. ?? 2009 The Society for Applied Microbiology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04258.x","issn":"13645072","usgsCitation":"Fernandes, E., Moraes, A., Pacheco, R., Rangel, D., Miller, M., Bittencourt, V., and Roberts, D., 2009, Genetic diversity among brazilian isolates of beauveria bassiana: comparisons with non-brazilian isolates and other beauveria species: Journal of Applied Microbiology, v. 107, no. 3, p. 760-774, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04258.x.","startPage":"760","endPage":"774","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476137,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/28133","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217852,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04258.x"},{"id":245824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1571e4b0c8380cd54dfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fernandes, E.K.K.","contributorId":87384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandes","given":"E.K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moraes, A.M.L.","contributorId":17077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moraes","given":"A.M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pacheco, R.S.","contributorId":39221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pacheco","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rangel, D.E.N.","contributorId":32362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rangel","given":"D.E.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, M.P.","contributorId":47142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bittencourt, V.R.E.P.","contributorId":91342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bittencourt","given":"V.R.E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roberts, D.W.","contributorId":11828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036632,"text":"70036632 - 2009 - Size distribution of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:02:23","indexId":"70036632","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Size distribution of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic margin","docAbstract":"Assessment of the probability for destructive landslide-generated tsunamis depends on the knowledge of the number, size, and frequency of large submarine landslides. This paper investigates the size distribution of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic continental slope and rise using the size of the landslide source regions (landslide failure scars). Landslide scars along the margin identified in a detailed bathymetric Digital Elevation Model (DEM) have areas that range between 0.89??km<sup>2</sup> and 2410??km<sup>2</sup> and volumes between 0.002??km<sup>3</sup> and 179??km<sup>3</sup>. The area to volume relationship of these failure scars is almost linear (inverse power-law exponent close to 1), suggesting a fairly uniform failure thickness of a few 10s of meters in each event, with only rare, deep excavating landslides. The cumulative volume distribution of the failure scars is very well described by a log-normal distribution rather than by an inverse power-law, the most commonly used distribution for both subaerial and submarine landslides. A log-normal distribution centered on a volume of 0.86??km<sup>3</sup> may indicate that landslides preferentially mobilize a moderate amount of material (on the order of 1??km<sup>3</sup>), rather than large landslides or very small ones. Alternatively, the log-normal distribution may reflect an inverse power law distribution modified by a size-dependent probability of observing landslide scars in the bathymetry data. If the latter is the case, an inverse power-law distribution with an exponent of 1.3 ?? 0.3, modified by a size-dependent conditional probability of identifying more failure scars with increasing landslide size, fits the observed size distribution. This exponent value is similar to the predicted exponent of 1.2 ?? 0.3 for subaerial landslides in unconsolidated material. Both the log-normal and modified inverse power-law distributions of the observed failure scar volumes suggest that large landslides, which have the greatest potential to generate damaging tsunamis, occur infrequently along the margin. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.007","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Chaytor, J., ten Brink, U., Solow, A., and Andrews, B., 2009, Size distribution of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic margin: Marine Geology, v. 264, no. 1-2, p. 16-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.007.","startPage":"16","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217474,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.007"}],"volume":"264","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b911ae4b08c986b319769","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaytor, J.D.","contributorId":80936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Solow, A.R.","contributorId":9404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solow","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andrews, B.D.","contributorId":87737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036629,"text":"70036629 - 2009 - Assessment of lake sensitivity to acidic deposition in national parks of the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-25T14:19:24","indexId":"70036629","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of lake sensitivity to acidic deposition in national parks of the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"The sensitivity of high-elevation lakes to acidic deposition was evaluated in five national parks of the Rocky Mountains based on statistical relations between lake acid-neutralizing capacity concentrations and basin characteristics. Acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) of 151 lakes sampled during synoptic surveys and basin-characteristic information derived from geographic information system (GIS) data sets were used to calibrate the statistical models. The explanatory basin variables that were considered included topographic parameters, bedrock type, and vegetation type. A logistic regression model was developed, and modeling results were cross-validated through lake sampling during fall 2004 at 58 lakes. The model was applied to lake basins greater than 1 ha in area in Glacier National Park (<i>n</i> = 244 lakes), Grand Teton National Park (<i>n</i> = 106 lakes), Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve (<i>n</i> = 11 lakes), Rocky Mountain National Park (<i>n</i> = 114 lakes), and Yellowstone National Park (<i>n</i> = 294 lakes). Lakes that had a high probability of having an ANC concentration <100 μeq/L, and therefore sensitive to acidic deposition, are located in basins with elevations >3000 m, with <30% of the catchment having northeast aspect and with >80% of the catchment bedrock having low buffering capacity. The modeling results indicate that the most sensitive lakes are located in Rocky Mountain National Park and Grand Teton National Park. This technique for evaluating the lake sensitivity to acidic deposition is useful for designing long-term monitoring plans and is potentially transferable to other remote mountain areas of the United States and the world.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/07-1091.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Nanus, L., Williams, M., Campbell, K., Tonnessen, K., Blett, T., and Clow, D.W., 2009, Assessment of lake sensitivity to acidic deposition in national parks of the Rocky Mountains: Ecological Applications, v. 19, no. 4, p. 961-973, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1091.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"961","endPage":"973","costCenters":[{"id":639,"text":"Water Resources of the United States","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476299,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1091.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217845,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-1091.1"},{"id":245817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Idaho;Montana;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park;Grand Teton National Park;Great Sand Dunes National Park And Preserve;Rocky Mountain National Park;Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.48,37.66 ], [ -114.48,49.0 ], [ -105.43,49.0 ], [ -105.43,37.66 ], [ -114.48,37.66 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee3ce4b0c8380cd49c3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nanus, L.","contributorId":83239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanus","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, M.W.","contributorId":15565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tonnessen, K.A.","contributorId":30196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonnessen","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blett, T.","contributorId":67828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blett","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clow, D. W.","contributorId":23531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036617,"text":"70036617 - 2009 - Quantifying sub-pixel urban impervious surface through fusion of optical and inSAR imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-03T13:42:28.943058","indexId":"70036617","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1722,"text":"GIScience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying sub-pixel urban impervious surface through fusion of optical and inSAR imagery","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this study, we explored the potential to improve urban impervious surface modeling and mapping with the synergistic use of optical and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) imagery. We used a Classification and Regression Tree (CART)-based approach to test the feasibility and accuracy of quantifying Impervious Surface Percentage (ISP) using four spectral bands of SPOT 5 high-resolution geometric (HRG) imagery and three parameters derived from the European Remote Sensing (ERS)-2 Single Look Complex (SLC) SAR image pair. Validated by an independent ISP reference dataset derived from the 33 cm-resolution digital aerial photographs, results show that the addition of InSAR data reduced the ISP modeling error rate from 15.5% to 12.9% and increased the correlation coefficient from 0.71 to 0.77. Spatially, the improvement is especially noted in areas of vacant land and bare ground, which were incorrectly mapped as urban impervious surfaces when using the optical remote sensing data. In addition, the accuracy of ISP prediction using InSAR images alone is only marginally less than that obtained by using SPOT imagery. The finding indicates the potential of using InSAR data for frequent monitoring of urban settings located in cloud-prone areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/1548-1603.46.2.161","issn":"15481603","usgsCitation":"Yang, L., Jiang, L., Lin, H., and Liao, M., 2009, Quantifying sub-pixel urban impervious surface through fusion of optical and inSAR imagery: GIScience and Remote Sensing, v. 46, no. 2, p. 161-171, https://doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.46.2.161.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"171","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"China","city":"Hong Kong","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              113.79638671875,\n              22.111088065307705\n            ],\n            [\n              114.47753906249999,\n              22.111088065307705\n            ],\n            [\n              114.47753906249999,\n              22.598797546832557\n            ],\n            [\n              113.79638671875,\n              22.598797546832557\n            ],\n            [\n              113.79638671875,\n              22.111088065307705\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91dfe4b0c8380cd804fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jiang, L.","contributorId":107530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lin, H.","contributorId":17854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liao, M.","contributorId":86600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034866,"text":"70034866 - 2009 - Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T12:55:14","indexId":"70034866","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches","docAbstract":"<p>The need for rapid assessments of recreational water quality to better protect public health is well accepted throughout the research and regulatory communities. Rapid analytical methods, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analysis, are being tested but are not yet ready for widespread use.</p><p>Another solution is the use of predictive models, wherein variable(s) that are easily and quickly measured are surrogates for concentrations of fecal-indicator bacteria. Rainfall-based alerts, the simplest type of model, have been used by several communities for a number of years. Deterministic models use mathematical representations of the processes that affect bacteria concentrations; this type of model is being used for beach-closure decisions at one location in the USA. Multivariable statistical models are being developed and tested in many areas of the USA; however, they are only used in three areas of the Great Lakes to aid in notifications of beach advisories or closings. These “operational” statistical models can result in more accurate assessments of recreational water quality than use of the previous day's <i>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</i>concentration as determined by traditional culture methods. The Ohio Nowcast, at Huntington Beach, Bay Village, Ohio, is described in this paper as an example of an operational statistical model. Because predictive modeling is a dynamic process, water-resource managers continue to collect additional data to improve the predictive ability of the nowcast and expand the nowcast to other Ohio beaches and a recreational river. Although predictive models have been shown to work well at some beaches and are becoming more widely accepted, implementation in many areas is limited by funding, lack of coordinated technical leadership, and lack of supporting epidemiological data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634980902905767","issn":"14634988","usgsCitation":"Francy, D.S., 2009, Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 177-182, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980902905767.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"182","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf5ce4b08c986b329af4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francy, Donna S. 0000-0001-9229-3557 dsfrancy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":1853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"Donna","email":"dsfrancy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032746,"text":"70032746 - 2009 - Demography and genetic structure of a recovering grizzly bear population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T13:49:46","indexId":"70032746","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demography and genetic structure of a recovering grizzly bear population","docAbstract":"Grizzly bears (brown bears; Ursus arctos) are imperiled in the southern extent of their range worldwide. The threatened population in northwestern Montana, USA, has been managed for recovery since 1975; yet, no rigorous data were available to monitor program success. We used data from a large noninvasive genetic sampling effort conducted in 2004 and 33 years of physical captures to assess abundance, distribution, and genetic health of this population. We combined data from our 3 sampling methods (hair trap, bear rub, and physical capture) to construct individual bear encounter histories for use in Huggins-Pledger closed mark-recapture models. Our population estimate, N?? = 765 (95% CI = 715-831) was more than double the existing estimate derived from sightings of females with young. Based on our results, the estimated known, human-caused mortality rate in 2004 was 4.6% (95% CI = 4.2-4.9%), slightly above the 4% considered sustainable; however, the high proportion of female mortalities raises concern. We used location data from telemetry, confirmed sightings, and genetic sampling to estimate occupied habitat. We found that grizzly bears occupied 33,480 km2 in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem (NCDE) during 1994-2007, including 10,340 km beyond the Recovery Zone. We used factorial correspondence analysis to identify potential barriers to gene flow within this population. Our results suggested that genetic interchange recently increased in areas with low gene flow in the past; however, we also detected evidence of incipient fragmentation across the major transportation corridor in this ecosystem. Our results suggest that the NCDE population is faring better than previously thought, and they highlight the need for a more rigorous monitoring program.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2008-330","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Kendall, K., Stetz, J., Boulanger, J., Macleod, A., Paetkau, D., and White, G.C., 2009, Demography and genetic structure of a recovering grizzly bear population: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 1, p. 3-17, https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-330.","startPage":"3","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213618,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2008-330"},{"id":335573,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7Q81B63","text":"Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) genetic profiles (1998-2012)"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe88e4b0c8380cd4ed99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, K.C.","contributorId":39716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stetz, J.B.","contributorId":74207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetz","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boulanger, J.","contributorId":18584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulanger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Macleod, A.C.","contributorId":41660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macleod","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paetkau, David","contributorId":97712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paetkau","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036601,"text":"70036601 - 2009 - Regional variations in water quality and relationships to soil and bedrock weathering in the southern Sacramento Valley, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70036601","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional variations in water quality and relationships to soil and bedrock weathering in the southern Sacramento Valley, California, USA","docAbstract":"Regional patterns in ground- and surface-water chemistry of the southern Sacramento Valley in California were evaluated using publicly available geochemical data from the US Geological Survey's National Water Information System (NWIS). Within the boundaries of the study area, more than 2300 ground-water analyses and more than 20,000 surface-water analyses were available. Ground-waters from the west side of the Sacramento Valley contain greater concentrations of Na, Ca, Mg, B, Cl and SO<sub>4</sub>, while the east-side ground-waters contain greater concentrations of silica and K. These differences result from variations in surface-water chemistry as well as from chemical reactions between water and aquifer materials. Sediments that fill the Sacramento Valley were derived from highlands to the west (the Coast Ranges) and east (the Sierra Nevada Mountains), the former having an oceanic provenance and the latter continental. These geologic differences are at least in part responsible for the observed patterns in ground-water chemistry. Thermal springs that are common along the west side of the Sacramento Valley appear to have an effect on surface-water chemistry, which in turn may affect the ground-water chemistry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.019","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Wanty, R., Goldhaber, M., Morrison, J., and Lee, L., 2009, Regional variations in water quality and relationships to soil and bedrock weathering in the southern Sacramento Valley, California, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1512-1523, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.019.","startPage":"1512","endPage":"1523","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217874,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.019"},{"id":245847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a59ae4b0e8fec6cdbe91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrison, J.M.","contributorId":9063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, L.","contributorId":77730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032738,"text":"70032738 - 2009 - Hierarchical Bayesian Markov switching models with application to predicting spawning success of shovelnose sturgeon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032738","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2568,"text":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C: Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical Bayesian Markov switching models with application to predicting spawning success of shovelnose sturgeon","docAbstract":"The timing of spawning in fish is tightly linked to environmental factors; however, these factors are not very well understood for many species. Specifically, little information is available to guide recruitment efforts for endangered species such as the sturgeon. Therefore, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model for predicting the success of spawning of the shovelnose sturgeon which uses both biological and behavioural (longitudinal) data. In particular, we use data that were produced from a tracking study that was conducted in the Lower Missouri River. The data that were produced from this study consist of biological variables associated with readiness to spawn along with longitudinal behavioural data collected by using telemetry and archival data storage tags. These high frequency data are complex both biologically and in the underlying behavioural process. To accommodate such complexity we developed a hierarchical linear regression model that uses an eigenvalue predictor, derived from the transition probability matrix of a two-state Markov switching model with generalized auto-regressive conditional heteroscedastic dynamics. Finally, to minimize the computational burden that is associated with estimation of this model, a parallel computing approach is proposed. ?? Journal compilation 2009 Royal Statistical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C: Applied Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9876.2008.00642.x","issn":"00359","usgsCitation":"Holan, S., Davis, G.M., Wildhaber, M., DeLonay, A., and Papoulias, D., 2009, Hierarchical Bayesian Markov switching models with application to predicting spawning success of shovelnose sturgeon: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C: Applied Statistics, v. 58, no. 1, p. 47-64, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9876.2008.00642.x.","startPage":"47","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213984,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9876.2008.00642.x"},{"id":241666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3099e4b0c8380cd5d7a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holan, S. H.","contributorId":76453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holan","given":"S. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, G. M.","contributorId":7510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeLonay, A. J. 0000-0002-3752-2799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-2799","contributorId":34246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Papoulias, D. M. 0000-0002-5106-2469","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":58759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036593,"text":"70036593 - 2009 - A simplified water temperature model for the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:59:04","indexId":"70036593","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simplified water temperature model for the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam","docAbstract":"Glen Canyon Dam, located on the Colorado River in northern Arizona, has affected the physical, biological and cultural resources of the river downstream in Grand Canyon. One of the impacts to the downstream physical environment that has important implications for the aquatic ecosystem is the transformation of the thermal regime from highly variable seasonally to relatively constant year-round, owing to hypolimnetic releases from the upstream reservoir, Lake Powell. Because of the perceived impacts on the downstream aquatic ecosystem and native fish communities, the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program has considered modifications to flow releases and release temperatures designed to increase downstream temperatures. Here, we present a new model of monthly average water temperatures below Glen Canyon Dam designed for first-order, relatively simple evaluation of various alternative dam operations. The model is based on a simplified heat-exchange equation, and model parameters are estimated empirically. The model predicts monthly average temperatures at locations up to 421 km downstream from the dam with average absolute errors less than 0.58C for the dataset considered. The modelling approach used here may also prove useful for other systems, particularly below large dams where release temperatures are substantially out of equilibrium with meteorological conditions. We also present some examples of how the model can be used to evaluate scenarios for the operation of Glen Canyon Dam.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.1179","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., Anderson, C., and Voichick, N., 2009, A simplified water temperature model for the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam: River Research and Applications, v. 25, no. 6, p. 675-686, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1179.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"675","endPage":"686","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217758,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1179"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e595e4b0c8380cd46e4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, S.A.","contributorId":90080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, C.R.","contributorId":37181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voichick, N.","contributorId":7118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voichick","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035245,"text":"70035245 - 2009 - Field camp: Using traditional methods to train the next generation of petroleum geologists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035245","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field camp: Using traditional methods to train the next generation of petroleum geologists","docAbstract":"The summer field camp experience provides many students with their best opportunity to learn the scientific process by making observations and collecting, recording, evaluating, and interpreting geologic data. Field school projects enhance student professional development by requiring cooperation and interpersonal interaction, report writing to communicate interpretations, and the development of project management skills to achieve a common goal. The field school setting provides students with the opportunity to observe geologic features and their spatial distribution, size, and shape that will impact the student's future careers as geoscientists. The Les Huston Geology Field Camp (a.k.a. Oklahoma Geology Camp) near Ca??on City, Colorado, focuses on time-tested traditional methods of geological mapping and fieldwork to accomplish these goals. The curriculum consists of an introduction to field techniques (pacing, orienteering, measuring strike and dip, and using a Jacob's staff), sketching outcrops, section measuring (one illustrating facies changes), three mapping exercises (of increasing complexity), and a field geophysics project. Accurate rock and contact descriptions are emphasized, and attitudes and contacts are mapped in the field. Mapping is done on topographic maps at 1:12,000 and 1:6000 scales; air photos are provided. Global positioning system (GPS)-assisted mapping is allowed, but we insist that locations be recorded in the field and confirmed using visual observations. The course includes field trips to the Cripple Creek and Leadville mining districts, Floris-sant/Guffey volcano area, Pikes Peak batholith, and the Denver Basin. Each field trip is designed to emphasize aspects of geology that are not stressed in the field exercises. Students are strongly encouraged to accurately describe geologic features and gather evidence to support their interpretations of the geologic history. Concise reports are a part of each major exercise. Students are grouped into teams to (1) introduce the team concept and develop interpersonal skills that are fundamental components of many professions, (2) ensure safety, and (3) mix students with varying academic backgrounds and physical strengths. This approach has advantages and disadvantages. Students with academic strengths in specific areas assist those with less experience, thereby becoming engaged in the teaching process. However, some students contribute less to fi nal map projects than others, and assigning grades to individual team members can be diffi cult. The greatest challenges we face involve group dynamics and student personalities. We continue to believe that traditional fi eld methods, aided by (but not relying upon) new technologies, are the key to constructing and/or interpreting geologic maps. The requirement that students document fi eld evidence using careful observations teaches skills that will be benefi cial throughout their professional careers. ??2009 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2461(03)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Puckette, J., and Suneson, N., 2009, Field camp: Using traditional methods to train the next generation of petroleum geologists: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 461, p. 25-34, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2461(03).","startPage":"25","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215368,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2461(03)"},{"id":243165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"461","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fa6e4b0c8380cd53981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puckette, J.O.","contributorId":87386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckette","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suneson, N.H.","contributorId":96110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suneson","given":"N.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035344,"text":"70035344 - 2009 - Hurricane Wilma's impact on overall soil elevation and zones within the soil profile in a mangrove forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-16T11:37:46","indexId":"70035344","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hurricane Wilma's impact on overall soil elevation and zones within the soil profile in a mangrove forest","docAbstract":"Soil elevation affects tidal inundation period, inundation frequency, and overall hydroperiod, all of which are important ecological factors affecting species recruitment, composition, and survival in wetlands. Hurricanes can dramatically affect a site's soil elevation. We assessed the impact of Hurricane Wilma (2005) on soil elevation at a mangrove forest location along the Shark River in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Using multiple depth surface elevation tables (SETs) and marker horizons we measured soil accretion, erosion, and soil elevation. We partitioned the effect of Hurricane Wilma's storm deposit into four constituent soil zones: surface (accretion) zone, shallow zone (0–0.35 m), middle zone (0.35–4 m), and deep zone (4–6 m). We report expansion and contraction of each soil zone. Hurricane Wilma deposited 37.0 (± 3.0 SE) mm of material; however, the absolute soil elevation change was + 42.8 mm due to expansion in the shallow soil zone. One year post-hurricane, the soil profile had lost 10.0 mm in soil elevation, with 8.5 mm of the loss due to erosion. The remaining soil elevation loss was due to compaction from shallow subsidence. We found prolific growth of new fine rootlets (209 ± 34 SE g m<sup>−2</sup>) in the storm deposited material suggesting that deposits may become more stable in the near future (i.e., erosion rate will decrease). Surficial erosion and belowground processes both played an important role in determining the overall soil elevation. Expansion and contraction in the shallow soil zone may be due to hydrology, and in the middle and bottom soil zones due to shallow subsidence. Findings thus far indicate that soil elevation has made substantial gains compared to site specific relative sea-level rise, but data trends suggest that belowground processes, which differ by soil zone, may come to dominate the long term ecological impact of storm deposit.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/08-125.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Whelan, K., Smith, T.J., Anderson, G., and Ouellette, M., 2009, Hurricane Wilma's impact on overall soil elevation and zones within the soil profile in a mangrove forest: Wetlands, v. 29, no. 1, p. 16-23, https://doi.org/10.1672/08-125.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"23","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215373,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-125.1"},{"id":243171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.52,24.85 ], [ -81.52,25.89 ], [ -80.39,25.89 ], [ -80.39,24.85 ], [ -81.52,24.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32b4e4b0c8380cd5e9fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whelan, K.R.T.","contributorId":11311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"K.R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, T. J. III","contributorId":24303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, G.H.","contributorId":93601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ouellette, M.L.","contributorId":89736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouellette","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034583,"text":"70034583 - 2009 - Dipping-interface mapping using mode-separated Rayleigh waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034583","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dipping-interface mapping using mode-separated Rayleigh waves","docAbstract":"Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method is a non-invasive geophysical technique that uses the dispersive characteristic of Rayleigh waves to estimate a vertical shear (S)-wave velocity profile. A pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section is constructed by aligning 1D S-wave velocity profiles at the midpoint of each receiver spread that are contoured using a spatial interpolation scheme. The horizontal resolution of the section is therefore most influenced by the receiver spread length and the source interval. Based on the assumption that a dipping-layer model can be regarded as stepped flat layers, high-resolution linear Radon transform (LRT) has been proposed to image Rayleigh-wave dispersive energy and separate modes of Rayleigh waves from a multichannel record. With the mode-separation technique, therefore, a dispersion curve that possesses satisfactory accuracy can be calculated using a pair of consecutive traces within a mode-separated shot gather. In this study, using synthetic models containing a dipping layer with a slope of 5, 10, 15, 20, or 30 degrees and a real-world example, we assess the ability of using high-resolution LRT to image and separate fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves from raw surface-wave data and accuracy of dispersion curves generated by a pair of consecutive traces within a mode-separated shot gather. Results of synthetic and real-world examples demonstrate that a dipping interface with a slope smaller than 15 degrees can be successfully mapped by separated fundamental waves using high-resolution LRT. ?? Birkh??user Verlag, Basel 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-009-0451-z","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Xu, Y., Zeng, C., Miller, R., and Liu, Q., 2009, Dipping-interface mapping using mode-separated Rayleigh waves: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 166, no. 3, p. 353-374, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-009-0451-z.","startPage":"353","endPage":"374","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215918,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-009-0451-z"},{"id":243754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"166","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01a9e4b0c8380cd4fcc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zeng, C.","contributorId":94519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Q.","contributorId":17827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032525,"text":"70032525 - 2009 - Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-02T11:06:13","indexId":"70032525","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction","docAbstract":"Two statistics are presented that can be used to rank input parameters utilized by a model in terms of their relative identifiability based on a given or possible future calibration dataset. Identifiability is defined here as the capability of model calibration to constrain parameters used by a model. Both statistics require that the sensitivity of each model parameter be calculated for each model output for which there are actual or presumed field measurements. Singular value decomposition (SVD) of the weighted sensitivity matrix is then undertaken to quantify the relation between the parameters and observations that, in turn, allows selection of calibration solution and null spaces spanned by unit orthogonal vectors. The first statistic presented, \"parameter identifiability\", is quantitatively defined as the direction cosine between a parameter and its projection onto the calibration solution space. This varies between zero and one, with zero indicating complete non-identifiability and one indicating complete identifiability. The second statistic, \"relative error reduction\", indicates the extent to which the calibration process reduces error in estimation of a parameter from its pre-calibration level where its value must be assigned purely on the basis of prior expert knowledge. This is more sophisticated than identifiability, in that it takes greater account of the noise associated with the calibration dataset. Like identifiability, it has a maximum value of one (which can only be achieved if there is no measurement noise). Conceptually it can fall to zero; and even below zero if a calibration problem is poorly posed. An example, based on a coupled groundwater/surface-water model, is included that demonstrates the utility of the statistics. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.018","issn":"00221","usgsCitation":"Doherty, J., and Hunt, R.J., 2009, Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction: Journal of Hydrology, v. 366, no. 1-4, p. 119-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.018.","startPage":"119","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213886,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.018"},{"id":241553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"366","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb989e4b08c986b327c4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doherty, John","contributorId":43843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036585,"text":"70036585 - 2009 - Geomorphology, stability and mobility of the Currituck slide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:00:54","indexId":"70036585","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphology, stability and mobility of the Currituck slide","docAbstract":"Over the last 100,000??years, the U.S. Atlantic continental margin has experienced various types of mass movements some of which are believed to have taken place at times of low sea level. At one of these times of low sea level a significant trigger caused a major submarine mass movement off the coast of Virginia: the Currituck slide which is believed to have taken place between 24 and 50??ka ago. This slide removed a total volume of about 165??km<sup>3</sup> from this section of the continental slope. The departure zone still shows a very clean surface that dips at 4?? and is only covered by a thin veneer of postglacial sediment. Multibeam bathymetric and seismic survey data suggest that this slide took place along three failures surfaces. The morphology of the source area suggests that the sediments were already at least normally consolidated at the time of failure. The slide debris covers an area as much as 55??km wide that extends 180??km from the estimated toe of the original slope. The back analysis of slide initiation indicates that very high pore pressure, a strong earthquake, or both had to be generated to trigger slides on such a low failure plane angle. The shape of the failure plane, the fact that the surface is almost clear of any debris, and the mobility analysis, all support the argument that the slides took place nearly simultaneously. Potential causes for the generation of high pore pressures could be seepage forces from coastal aquifers, delta construction and related pore pressure generation due to the local sediment loading, gas hydrates, and earthquakes. This slide, and its origin, is a spectacular example of the potential threat that submarine mass movements can pose to the US Atlantic coast and underline the need to further assess the potential for the generation of such large slides, like the Grand Banks 1927 landslide of similar volume. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2008.12.005","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Locat, J., Lee, H., ten Brink, U., Twichell, D., Geist, E., and Sansoucy, M., 2009, Geomorphology, stability and mobility of the Currituck slide: Marine Geology, v. 264, no. 1-2, p. 28-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.12.005.","startPage":"28","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217646,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.12.005"}],"volume":"264","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a27aee4b0c8380cd59ae3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locat, J.","contributorId":56392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Locat","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25484,"text":"Université Laval, Québec City, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":456866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, H.","contributorId":40739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":456868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Twichell, D.","contributorId":53144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Geist, E.","contributorId":47535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sansoucy, M.","contributorId":75360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sansoucy","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25484,"text":"Université Laval, Québec City, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":456867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035343,"text":"70035343 - 2009 - Criticisms biologically unwarranted and analytically irrelevant: Reply to Rominger et al.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035343","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Criticisms biologically unwarranted and analytically irrelevant: Reply to Rominger et al.","docAbstract":"The criticisms of Rominger et al. (2008) of our retrospective analysis of desert bighorn sheep (DBS; Ovis canadensis mexicana) dynamics in the San Andres Mountains of south-central New Mexico, USA, contained many biological errors and analytical oversights. Herein, we show that Rominger et al. (2008) 1) overstated both magnitude and potential effect of predator removal; 2) incorrectly claimed that our total precipitation (TP) model did not fit the data when TP correctly classed ???66 of subsequent population increases and declines (P ??? 0.063); 3) presented a necessary prerequisite of the exponential model (serial correlation between Nt and Nt1) as the key relationship in the DBS data, when it merely reflected that DBS are strongly K-selected and was irrelevant to our hypothesis tests specific to factors affecting the instantaneous rate of population increase (r); 4) greatly oversimplified relationships among precipitation, arid environments, and DBS; and 5) advocated a time for collection of lamb/female (L/F) ratio data that was unrelated to any meaningful period in the biological year of DBS and consequently presented L/F ratio data unrelated to observed dynamics of DBS. In contrast, the L/F ratios used in Bender and Weisenberger (2005) correctly predicted annual changes and were correlated with long-term population rates of change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2008-219","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Bender, L.C., and Weisenberger, M., 2009, Criticisms biologically unwarranted and analytically irrelevant: Reply to Rominger et al.: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 5, p. 806-810, https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-219.","startPage":"806","endPage":"810","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215343,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2008-219"}],"volume":"73","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcb5e4b0c8380cd4e3ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, Louis C.","contributorId":72509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weisenberger, M.E.","contributorId":94084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisenberger","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032563,"text":"70032563 - 2009 - Emissions from the copper-nickel industry on the Kola Peninsula and at Noril'sk, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032563","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emissions from the copper-nickel industry on the Kola Peninsula and at Noril'sk, Russia","docAbstract":"Published estimates for base metal emissions from the copper-nickel industry on the Kola Peninsula are re-examined in the light of (a) chemical data on the composition of the ores; (b) official emission figures for 1994; and (c) modelled emissions based on dry and wet deposition estimates derived from data for snow and rain samples collected in 1994. The modelled emissions, official emission figures and chemical data are mutually compatible for Ni, Cu and Co and show that previously published figures underestimated the emissions of the major elements, Ni and Cu (though within the same order of magnitude) and overestimated the emissions of As, Pb, Sb and Zn by up to several orders of magnitude, in some cases exceeding the calculated total input to the plants. Published estimates have neglected information on the nature and chemistry of the ores processed in metallurgical industries in the Noril'sk area of Siberia and the Urals. Revised emission estimates for 1994, using knowledge of the chemistry of the ores, are proposed: taken with published information on total emissions up to 2000 these data give an indication of emission levels in more recent years. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.003","issn":"13522","usgsCitation":"Boyd, R., Barnes, S., De Caritat, P., Chekushin, V., Melezhik, V., Reimann, C., and Zientek, M.L., 2009, Emissions from the copper-nickel industry on the Kola Peninsula and at Noril'sk, Russia: Atmospheric Environment, v. 43, no. 7, p. 1474-1480, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.003.","startPage":"1474","endPage":"1480","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213915,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.003"},{"id":241587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08ffe4b0c8380cd51d56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Ron","contributorId":54737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyd","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, S.-J.","contributorId":95631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"S.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Caritat, P.","contributorId":49616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Caritat","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chekushin, V.A.","contributorId":73021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chekushin","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melezhik, V.A.","contributorId":41227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melezhik","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reimann, C.","contributorId":23669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimann","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zientek, M. L.","contributorId":6118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032557,"text":"70032557 - 2009 - Evaluating the validity of using unverified indices of body condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-14T13:38:29","indexId":"70032557","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the validity of using unverified indices of body condition","docAbstract":"<p><span>Condition indices are commonly used in an attempt to link body condition of birds to ecological variables of interest, including demographic attributes such as survival and reproduction. Most indices are based on body mass adjusted for structural body size, calculated as simple ratios or residuals from regressions. However, condition indices are often applied without confirming their predictive value (i.e., without being validated against measured values of fat and protein), which we term ‘unverified’ use. We evaluated the ability of a number of unverified indices frequently found in the literature to predict absolute and proportional levels of fat and protein across five species of waterfowl. Among indices we considered, those accounting for body size never predicted absolute protein more precisely than body mass, however, some indices improved predictability of fat, although the form of the best index varied by species. Further, the gain in precision by using a condition index to predict either absolute or percent fat was minimal (rise in r</span><sup>2</sup><span>≤0.13), and in many cases model fit was actually reduced. Our data agrees with previous assertions that the assumption that indices provide more precise indicators of body condition than body mass alone is often invalid. We strongly discourage the use of unverified indices, because subjectively selecting indices likely does little to improve precision and might in fact decrease predictability relative to using body mass alone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04462.x","issn":"09088","usgsCitation":"Schamber, J., Esler, D., and Flint, P.L., 2009, Evaluating the validity of using unverified indices of body condition: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 40, no. 1, p. 49-56, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04462.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213823,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04462.x"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c01e4b0c8380cd529c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schamber, J.L.","contributorId":92012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schamber","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":436804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035249,"text":"70035249 - 2009 - Megablocks and melt pockets in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure constrained by magnetic field measurements and properties of the Eyreville and Cape Charles cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035249","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Megablocks and melt pockets in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure constrained by magnetic field measurements and properties of the Eyreville and Cape Charles cores","docAbstract":"We use magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetization measurements of the Eyreville and Cape Charles cores in combination with new and previously collected magnetic field data in order to constrain structural features within the inner basin of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. The Eyreville core shows the first evidence of several-hundred-meter-thick basement-derived megablocks that have been transported possibly kilometers from their pre-impact location. The magnetic anomaly map of the structure exhibits numerous short-wavelength (<2 km) variations that indicate the presence of magnetic sources within the crater fill. With core magnetic properties and seismic reflection and refraction results as constraints, forward models of the magnetic field show that these sources may represent basementderived megablocks that are a few hundred meters thick or melt bodies that are a few dozen meters thick. Larger-scale magnetic field properties suggest that these bodies overlie deeper, pre-impact basement contacts between materials with different magnetic properties such as gneiss and schist or gneiss and granite. The distribution of the short-wavelength magnetic anomalies in combination with observations of small-scale (1-2 mGal) gravity field variations suggest that basement-derived megablocks are preferentially distributed on the eastern side of the inner crater, not far from the Eyreville core, at depths of around 1-2 km. A scenario where additional basement-derived blocks between 2 and 3 km depth are distributed throughout the inner basin-and are composed of more magnetic materials, such as granite and schist, toward the east over a large-scale magnetic anomaly high and less magnetic materials, such as gneiss, toward the west where the magnetic anomaly is lower-provides a good model fi t to the observed magnetic anomalies in a manner that is consistent with both gravity and seismic-refraction data. ?? 2009 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(10)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Shah, A., Daniels, D.L., Kontny, A., and Brozena, J., 2009, Megablocks and melt pockets in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure constrained by magnetic field measurements and properties of the Eyreville and Cape Charles cores: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 458, p. 195-208, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(10).","startPage":"195","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215425,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(10)"},{"id":243231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5385e4b0c8380cd6cb3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shah, A. K. 0000-0002-3198-081X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-081X","contributorId":101789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"A. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Daniels, D. L.","contributorId":69114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kontny, A.","contributorId":80919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kontny","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brozena, J.","contributorId":67714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brozena","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035729,"text":"70035729 - 2009 - Improved constraints on the estimated size and volatile content of the Mount St. Helens magma system from the 2004-2008 history of dome growth and deformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035729","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved constraints on the estimated size and volatile content of the Mount St. Helens magma system from the 2004-2008 history of dome growth and deformation","docAbstract":"The history of dome growth and geodetic deflation during the 2004-2008 Mount St. Helens eruption can be fit to theoretical curves with parameters such as reservoir volume, bubble content, initial overpressure, and magma rheology, here assumed to be Newtonian viscous, with or without a solid plug in the conduit center. Data from 2004-2008 are consistent with eruption from a 10-25 km<sup>3</sup> reservoir containing 0.5-2% bubbles, an initial overpressure of 10-20 MPa, and no significant, sustained recharge. During the eruption we used curve fits to project the eruption's final duration and volume. Early projections predicted a final volume only about half of the actual value; but projections increased with each measurement, implying a temporal increase in reservoir volume or compressibility. A simple interpretation is that early effusion was driven by a 5-10 km<sup>3</sup>, integrated core of fluid magma. This core expanded with time through creep of semi-solid magma and host rock. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2009GL039863","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L., Lisowski, M., Roeloffs, E., and Beeler, N., 2009, Improved constraints on the estimated size and volatile content of the Mount St. Helens magma system from the 2004-2008 history of dome growth and deformation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 36, no. 20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL039863.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476316,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl039863","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216249,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GL039863"},{"id":244110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3953e4b0c8380cd618a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, L.G.","contributorId":80313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roeloffs, E.","contributorId":21680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beeler, N.","contributorId":69753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}