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We used data from a large noninvasive genetic sampling effort conducted in 2004 and 33 years of physical captures to assess abundance, distribution, and genetic health of this population. We combined data from our 3 sampling methods (hair trap, bear rub, and physical capture) to construct individual bear encounter histories for use in Huggins-Pledger closed mark-recapture models. Our population estimate, N?? = 765 (95% CI = 715-831) was more than double the existing estimate derived from sightings of females with young. Based on our results, the estimated known, human-caused mortality rate in 2004 was 4.6% (95% CI = 4.2-4.9%), slightly above the 4% considered sustainable; however, the high proportion of female mortalities raises concern. We used location data from telemetry, confirmed sightings, and genetic sampling to estimate occupied habitat. We found that grizzly bears occupied 33,480 km2 in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem (NCDE) during 1994-2007, including 10,340 km beyond the Recovery Zone. We used factorial correspondence analysis to identify potential barriers to gene flow within this population. Our results suggested that genetic interchange recently increased in areas with low gene flow in the past; however, we also detected evidence of incipient fragmentation across the major transportation corridor in this ecosystem. Our results suggest that the NCDE population is faring better than previously thought, and they highlight the need for a more rigorous monitoring program.","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2008-330","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Kendall, K., Stetz, J., Boulanger, J., Macleod, A., Paetkau, D., and White, G.C., 2009, Demography and genetic structure of a recovering grizzly bear population: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 1, p. 3-17, https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-330.","startPage":"3","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213618,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2008-330"},{"id":335573,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7Q81B63","text":"Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) genetic profiles (1998-2012)"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe88e4b0c8380cd4ed99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, K.C.","contributorId":39716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stetz, J.B.","contributorId":74207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetz","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boulanger, J.","contributorId":18584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulanger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Macleod, A.C.","contributorId":41660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macleod","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paetkau, David","contributorId":97712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paetkau","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036585,"text":"70036585 - 2009 - Geomorphology, stability and mobility of the Currituck slide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:00:54","indexId":"70036585","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphology, stability and mobility of the Currituck slide","docAbstract":"Over the last 100,000??years, the U.S. Atlantic continental margin has experienced various types of mass movements some of which are believed to have taken place at times of low sea level. At one of these times of low sea level a significant trigger caused a major submarine mass movement off the coast of Virginia: the Currituck slide which is believed to have taken place between 24 and 50??ka ago. This slide removed a total volume of about 165??km3 from this section of the continental slope. The departure zone still shows a very clean surface that dips at 4?? and is only covered by a thin veneer of postglacial sediment. Multibeam bathymetric and seismic survey data suggest that this slide took place along three failures surfaces. The morphology of the source area suggests that the sediments were already at least normally consolidated at the time of failure. The slide debris covers an area as much as 55??km wide that extends 180??km from the estimated toe of the original slope. The back analysis of slide initiation indicates that very high pore pressure, a strong earthquake, or both had to be generated to trigger slides on such a low failure plane angle. The shape of the failure plane, the fact that the surface is almost clear of any debris, and the mobility analysis, all support the argument that the slides took place nearly simultaneously. Potential causes for the generation of high pore pressures could be seepage forces from coastal aquifers, delta construction and related pore pressure generation due to the local sediment loading, gas hydrates, and earthquakes. This slide, and its origin, is a spectacular example of the potential threat that submarine mass movements can pose to the US Atlantic coast and underline the need to further assess the potential for the generation of such large slides, like the Grand Banks 1927 landslide of similar volume. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2008.12.005","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Locat, J., Lee, H., ten Brink, U., Twichell, D., Geist, E., and Sansoucy, M., 2009, Geomorphology, stability and mobility of the Currituck slide: Marine Geology, v. 264, no. 1-2, p. 28-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.12.005.","startPage":"28","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217646,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2008.12.005"}],"volume":"264","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a27aee4b0c8380cd59ae3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locat, J.","contributorId":56392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Locat","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25484,"text":"Université Laval, Québec City, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":456866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, H.","contributorId":40739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":456868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Twichell, D.","contributorId":53144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Geist, E.","contributorId":47535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sansoucy, M.","contributorId":75360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sansoucy","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25484,"text":"Université Laval, Québec City, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":456867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034824,"text":"70034824 - 2009 - Shallow seismic structure of Kunlun fault zone in northern Tibetan Plateau, China: Implications for the 2001 M s8.1 Kunlun earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-04T15:27:01.682951","indexId":"70034824","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow seismic structure of Kunlun fault zone in northern Tibetan Plateau, China: Implications for the 2001 M s8.1 Kunlun earthquake","docAbstract":"

The shallow seismic velocity structure of the Kunlun fault zone (KLFZ) was jointly deduced from seismic refraction profiling and the records of trapped waves that were excited by five explosions. The data were collected after the 2001 Kunlun Ms8.1 earthquake in the northern Tibetan Plateau. Seismic phases for the in-line record sections (26 records up to a distance of 15 km) along the fault zone were analysed, and 1-D P- and S-wave velocity models of shallow crust within the fault zone were determined by using the seismic refraction method. Sixteen seismic stations were deployed along the off-line profile perpendicular to the fault zone. Fault-zone trapped waves appear clearly on the record sections, which were simulated with a 3-D finite difference algorithm. Quantitative analysis of the correlation coefficients of the synthetic and observed trapped waveforms indicates that the Kunlun fault-zone width is 300 m, and S-wave quality factor Q within the fault zone is 15. Significantly, S-wave velocities within the fault zone are reduced by 30–45 per cent from surrounding rocks to a depth of at least 1–2 km, while P-wave velocities are reduced by 7–20 per cent. A fault-zone with such P- and S-low velocities is an indication of high fluid pressure because Vs is affected more than Vp. The low-velocity and low-Q zone in the KLFZ model is the effect of multiple ruptures along the fault trace of the 2001 Ms8.1 Kunlun earthquake.

","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04049.x","issn":"","usgsCitation":"Wang, C., Mooney, W.D., Ding, Z., Yang, J., Yao, Z., and Lou, H., 2009, Shallow seismic structure of Kunlun fault zone in northern Tibetan Plateau, China: Implications for the 2001 M s8.1 Kunlun earthquake: Geophysical Journal International, v. 177, no. 3, p. 978-1000, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04049.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"978","endPage":"1000","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476300,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04049.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Tibetan Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 79.716796875,\n 27.293689224852407\n ],\n [\n 109.8193359375,\n 27.293689224852407\n ],\n [\n 109.8193359375,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n 79.716796875,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n 79.716796875,\n 27.293689224852407\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"177","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e38e4b08c986b3187d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Chun-Yong","contributorId":98893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Chun-Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ding, Z.","contributorId":51045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ding","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, J.","contributorId":60780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yao, Z.","contributorId":64057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yao","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lou, H.","contributorId":13009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lou","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034825,"text":"70034825 - 2009 - Unique problems associated with seismic analysis of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034825","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unique problems associated with seismic analysis of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments","docAbstract":"Gas hydrate stability conditions restrict the occurrence of gas hydrate to unconsolidated and high water-content sediments at shallow depths. Because of these host sediments properties, seismic and well log data acquired for the detection of free gas and associated gas hydrate-bearing sediments often require nonconventional analysis. For example, a conventional method of identifying free gas using the compressional/shear-wave velocity (Vp/Vs) ratio at the logging frequency will not work, unless the free-gas saturations are more than about 40%. The P-wave velocity dispersion of partially gas-saturated sediments causes a problem in interpreting well log velocities and seismic data. Using the White, J.E. [1975. Computed seismic speeds and attenuation in rocks with partial gas saturation. Geophysics 40, 224-232] model for partially gas-saturated sediments, the difference between well log and seismic velocities can be reconciled. The inclusion of P-wave velocity dispersion in interpreting well log data is, therefore, essential to identify free gas and to tie surface seismic data to synthetic seismograms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.07.009","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., and Collett, T.S., 2009, Unique problems associated with seismic analysis of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 26, no. 6, p. 775-781, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.07.009.","startPage":"775","endPage":"781","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215673,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.07.009"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc87e4b08c986b328cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034827,"text":"70034827 - 2009 - Using nitrate to quantify quick flow in a karst aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034827","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using nitrate to quantify quick flow in a karst aquifer","docAbstract":"In karst aquifers, contaminated recharge can degrade spring water quality, but quantifying the rapid recharge (quick flow) component of spring flow is challenging because of its temporal variability. Here, we investigate the use of nitrate in a two-endmember mixing model to quantify quick flow in Barton Springs, Austin, Texas. Historical nitrate data from recharging creeks and Barton Springs were evaluated to determine a representative nitrate concentration for the aquifer water endmember (1.5 mg/L) and the quick flow endmember (0.17 mg/L for nonstormflow conditions and 0.25 mg/L for stormflow conditions). Under nonstormflow conditions for 1990 to 2005, model results indicated that quick flow contributed from 0% to 55% of spring flow. The nitrate-based two-endmember model was applied to the response of Barton Springs to a storm and results compared to those produced using the same model with ??18O and specific conductance (SC) as tracers. Additionally, the mixing model was modified to allow endmember quick flow values to vary over time. Of the three tracers, nitrate appears to be the most advantageous because it is conservative and because the difference between the concentrations in the two endmembers is large relative to their variance. The ??18O- based model was very sensitive to variability within the quick flow endmember, and SC was not conservative over the timescale of the storm response. We conclude that a nitrate-based two-endmember mixing model might provide a useful approach for quantifying the temporally variable quick flow component of spring flow in some karst systems. ?? 2008 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00499.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., and Garner, B., 2009, Using nitrate to quantify quick flow in a karst aquifer: Ground Water, v. 47, no. 3, p. 350-360, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00499.x.","startPage":"350","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215731,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00499.x"},{"id":243554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc081e4b08c986b32a16e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, B.D.","contributorId":25379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034831,"text":"70034831 - 2009 - Web-client based distributed generalization and geoprocessing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034831","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Web-client based distributed generalization and geoprocessing","docAbstract":"Generalization and geoprocessing operations on geospatial information were once the domain of complex software running on high-performance workstations. Currently, these computationally intensive processes are the domain of desktop applications. Recent efforts have been made to move geoprocessing operations server-side in a distributed, web accessible environment. This paper initiates research into portable client-side generalization and geoprocessing operations as part of a larger effort in user-centered design for the US Geological Survey's The National Map. An implementation of the Ramer-Douglas-Peucker (RDP) line simplification algorithm was created in the open source OpenLayers geoweb client. This algorithm implementation was benchmarked using differing data structures and browser platforms. The implementation and results of the benchmarks are discussed in the general context of client-side geoprocessing. (Abstract).","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems and Web Services, GEOWS 2009","conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems and Web Services, GEOWS 2009","conferenceDate":"1 February 2009 through 7 February 2009","conferenceLocation":"Cancun","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/GEOWS.2009.32","isbn":"9780769535272","usgsCitation":"Wolf, E., and Howe, K., 2009, Web-client based distributed generalization and geoprocessing, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems and Web Services, GEOWS 2009, Cancun, 1 February 2009 through 7 February 2009, p. 123-128, https://doi.org/10.1109/GEOWS.2009.32.","startPage":"123","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215816,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GEOWS.2009.32"},{"id":243642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfc5e4b08c986b32eaca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, E.B.","contributorId":62429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howe, K.","contributorId":41238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034837,"text":"70034837 - 2009 - Using nitrogen stable isotopes to detect longdistance movement in a threatened cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034837","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using nitrogen stable isotopes to detect longdistance movement in a threatened cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah)","docAbstract":"Interior cutthroat trout occupy small fractions of their historic ranges and existing populations often are relegated to headwater habitats. Conservation requires balancing protection for isolated genetically pure populations with restoration of migratory life histories by reconnecting corridors between headwater and mainstem habitats. Identification of alternative life history strategies within a population is critical to these efforts. We tested the application of nitrogen stable isotopes to discern fluvial from resident Bonneville cutthroat trout (BCT; Oncorhynchus clarkii utah) in a headwater stream. Fluvial BCT migrate from headwater streams with good water quality to mainstem habitats with impaired water quality. Resident BCT remain in headwater streams. We tested two predictions: (i) fluvial BCT have a higher ??15N than residents, and (ii) fluvial BCT ??15N reflects diet and ??15N enrichment characteristics of mainstem habitats. We found that fluvial ??15N was greater than resident ??15N and that ??15N was a better predictor of life history than fish size. Our data also showed that fluvial and resident BCT had high diet overlap in headwater sites and that ??15N of lower trophic levels was greater in mainstem sites than in headwater sites. We conclude that the high ??15N values of fluvial BCT were acquired in mainstem sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/F09-020","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, A., Colyer, W., Lowe, W., and Vinson, M., 2009, Using nitrogen stable isotopes to detect longdistance movement in a threatened cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 66, no. 4, p. 672-682, https://doi.org/10.1139/F09-020.","startPage":"672","endPage":"682","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215932,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/F09-020"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc082e4b08c986b32a174","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, A.J.","contributorId":60044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colyer, W.T.","contributorId":104451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colyer","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowe, W.H.","contributorId":91961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vinson, M.R.","contributorId":44755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035305,"text":"70035305 - 2009 - Trace-element record in zircons during exhumation from UHP conditions, North-East Greenland Caledonides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035305","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1593,"text":"European Journal of Mineralogy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace-element record in zircons during exhumation from UHP conditions, North-East Greenland Caledonides","docAbstract":"Coesite-bearing zircon formed at ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) conditions share general characteristics of eclogite-facies zircon with trace-element signatures characterized by depleted heavy rare earth elements (HREE), lack of an Eu anomaly, and low Th/ U ratios. Trace-element signatures of zircons from the Caledonian UHP terrane in North-East Greenland were used to examine the possible changes in signature with age during exhumation. Collection and interpretation of age and trace-element analyses of zircon from three samples of quartzofeldspathic gneiss and two leucocratic intrusions were guided by core vs. rim zoning patterns as imaged by cathodoluminesence. Change from igneous to eclogite-facies metamorphic trace-element signature in protolith zircon is characterized by gradual depletion of HREE, whereas newly formed metamorphic rims have flat HREE patterns and REE concentrations that are distinct from the recrystallized inherited cores. The signature associated with eclogite-facies metamorphic zircon is observed in coesite-bearing zircon formed at 358 ?? 4 Ma, metamorphic rims formed at 348 ?? 5 Ma during the initial stages of exhumation, and metamorphic rims formed at 337 ?? 5 Ma. Zircons from a garnet-bearing granite emplaced in the neck of an eclogite boudin and a leucocratic dike that cross-cuts amphibolite-facies structural fabrics have steeply sloping HREE patterns, variably developed negative Eu anomalies, and low Th/U ratios. The granite records initial decompression melting and exhumation at 347 ?? 2 Ma and later zircon rim growth at 329 ?? 5. The leucocratic dike was likely emplaced at amphibolite-facies conditions at 330 ?? 2 Ma, but records additional growth of compositionally similar zircon at 321 ??2 Ma. The difference between the trace-element signature of metamorphic zircon in the gneisses and in part coeval leucocratic intrusions indicates that the zircon signature varies as a function of lithology and context, thus enhancing its ability to aid in the interpretation of U-Pb data and track the exhumation history of UHP terranes. The differences may reflect variation in elemental availability through breakdown reactions in quartzofeldpathic gneiss vs. availability during melt production and/or crystallization. UHP rocks in North-East Greenland began exhumation by 347 ?? 2 Ma, were still at HP eclogite-facies conditions at 337 ?? 5 Ma and were at amphibolite-facies conditions by 330 ?? 2 Ma. ?? 2009 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"European Journal of Mineralogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-2000","issn":"09351221","usgsCitation":"McClelland, W., Gilotti, J.A., Mazdab, F., and Wooden, J.L., 2009, Trace-element record in zircons during exhumation from UHP conditions, North-East Greenland Caledonides: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 21, no. 6, p. 1135-1148, https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-2000.","startPage":"1135","endPage":"1148","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215308,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-2000"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb682e4b08c986b326ce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClelland, W.C.","contributorId":66929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClelland","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilotti, J. A.","contributorId":15776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilotti","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazdab, F.K.","contributorId":11650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazdab","given":"F.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035909,"text":"70035909 - 2009 - TreeMAC: Localized TDMA MAC protocol for real-time high-data-rate sensor networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035909","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3034,"text":"Pervasive and Mobile Computing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"TreeMAC: Localized TDMA MAC protocol for real-time high-data-rate sensor networks","docAbstract":"Earlier sensor network MAC protocols focus on energy conservation in low-duty cycle applications, while some recent applications involve real-time high-data-rate signals. This motivates us to design an innovative localized TDMA MAC protocol to achieve high throughput and low congestion in data collection sensor networks, besides energy conservation. TreeMAC divides a time cycle into frames and each frame into slots. A parent node determines the children's frame assignment based on their relative bandwidth demand, and each node calculates its own slot assignment based on its hop-count to the sink. This innovative 2-dimensional frame-slot assignment algorithm has the following nice theory properties. First, given any node, at any time slot, there is at most one active sender in its neighborhood (including itself). Second, the packet scheduling with TreeMAC is bufferless, which therefore minimizes the probability of network congestion. Third, the data throughput to the gateway is at least 1/3 of the optimum assuming reliable links. Our experiments on a 24-node testbed show that TreeMAC protocol significantly improves network throughput, fairness, and energy efficiency compared to TinyOS's default CSMA MAC protocol and a recent TDMA MAC protocol Funneling-MAC. Partial results of this paper were published in Song, Huang, Shirazi and Lahusen [W.-Z. Song, R. Huang, B. Shirazi, and R. Lahusen, TreeMAC: Localized TDMA MAC protocol for high-throughput and fairness in sensor networks, in: The 7th Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, PerCom, March 2009]. Our new contributions include analyses of the performance of TreeMAC from various aspects. We also present more implementation detail and evaluate TreeMAC from other aspects. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pervasive and Mobile Computing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pmcj.2009.07.004","issn":"15741192","usgsCitation":"Song, W., Huang, R., Shirazi, B., and LaHusen, R., 2009, TreeMAC: Localized TDMA MAC protocol for real-time high-data-rate sensor networks: Pervasive and Mobile Computing, v. 5, no. 6, p. 750-765, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2009.07.004.","startPage":"750","endPage":"765","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216059,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2009.07.004"},{"id":243900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7a7e4b08c986b3273e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Song, W.-Z.","contributorId":23334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"W.-Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, R.","contributorId":88578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shirazi, B.","contributorId":78162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirazi","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaHusen, R.","contributorId":7446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036617,"text":"70036617 - 2009 - Quantifying sub-pixel urban impervious surface through fusion of optical and inSAR imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-03T13:42:28.943058","indexId":"70036617","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1722,"text":"GIScience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying sub-pixel urban impervious surface through fusion of optical and inSAR imagery","docAbstract":"

In this study, we explored the potential to improve urban impervious surface modeling and mapping with the synergistic use of optical and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) imagery. We used a Classification and Regression Tree (CART)-based approach to test the feasibility and accuracy of quantifying Impervious Surface Percentage (ISP) using four spectral bands of SPOT 5 high-resolution geometric (HRG) imagery and three parameters derived from the European Remote Sensing (ERS)-2 Single Look Complex (SLC) SAR image pair. Validated by an independent ISP reference dataset derived from the 33 cm-resolution digital aerial photographs, results show that the addition of InSAR data reduced the ISP modeling error rate from 15.5% to 12.9% and increased the correlation coefficient from 0.71 to 0.77. Spatially, the improvement is especially noted in areas of vacant land and bare ground, which were incorrectly mapped as urban impervious surfaces when using the optical remote sensing data. In addition, the accuracy of ISP prediction using InSAR images alone is only marginally less than that obtained by using SPOT imagery. The finding indicates the potential of using InSAR data for frequent monitoring of urban settings located in cloud-prone areas.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/1548-1603.46.2.161","issn":"15481603","usgsCitation":"Yang, L., Jiang, L., Lin, H., and Liao, M., 2009, Quantifying sub-pixel urban impervious surface through fusion of optical and inSAR imagery: GIScience and Remote Sensing, v. 46, no. 2, p. 161-171, https://doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.46.2.161.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"171","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"China","city":"Hong Kong","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 113.79638671875,\n 22.111088065307705\n ],\n [\n 114.47753906249999,\n 22.111088065307705\n ],\n [\n 114.47753906249999,\n 22.598797546832557\n ],\n [\n 113.79638671875,\n 22.598797546832557\n ],\n [\n 113.79638671875,\n 22.111088065307705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91dfe4b0c8380cd804fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, L.","contributorId":6200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jiang, L.","contributorId":107530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lin, H.","contributorId":17854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liao, M.","contributorId":86600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034865,"text":"70034865 - 2009 - Thorium abundances on the Aristarchus plateau: Insights into the composition of the Aristarchus pyroclastic glass deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T13:54:33.027568","indexId":"70034865","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thorium abundances on the Aristarchus plateau: Insights into the composition of the Aristarchus pyroclastic glass deposits","docAbstract":"

Thorium (Th) data from the Lunar Prospector gamma ray spectrometer (LP‐GRS) are used to constrain the composition of lunar pyroclastic glass deposits on top of the Aristarchus plateau. Our goal is to use forward modeling of LP‐GRS Th data to measure the Th abundances on the plateau and then to determine if the elevated Th abundances on the plateau are associated with the pyroclastic deposits or with thorium‐rich ejecta from Aristarchus crater. We use a variety of remote sensing data to show that there is a large, homogenous portion of the pyroclastics on the plateau that has seen little or no contamination from the Th‐rich ejecta of Aristarchus crater. Our results show that the uncontaminated pyroclastic glasses on Aristarchus plateau have an average Th content of 6.7 ppm and ∼7 wt % TiO2. These Th and Ti values are consistent with Th‐rich, intermediate‐Ti yellow glasses from the lunar sample suite. On the basis of this information, we use petrologic equations and interelement correlations for the Moon to estimate the composition of the source region from which the Aristarchus glasses were derived. We find that the source region for the Aristarchus glasses contained high abundances of heat‐producing elements, which most likely served as a thermal driver for the prolonged volcanic activity in this region of the Moon.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008JE003262","usgsCitation":"Hagerty, J., Lawrence, D.J., Hawke, B.R., and Gaddis, L.R., 2009, Thorium abundances on the Aristarchus plateau: Insights into the composition of the Aristarchus pyroclastic glass deposits: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 114, no. E4, E04002; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JE003262.","productDescription":"E04002; 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"114","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb2e3e4b08c986b325a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagerty, Justin 0000-0003-3800-7948 jhagerty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-7948","contributorId":911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagerty","given":"Justin","email":"jhagerty@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, D. J.","contributorId":84952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawke, B. R.","contributorId":59591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawke","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034866,"text":"70034866 - 2009 - Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T12:55:14","indexId":"70034866","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches","docAbstract":"

The need for rapid assessments of recreational water quality to better protect public health is well accepted throughout the research and regulatory communities. Rapid analytical methods, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunomagnetic separation/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analysis, are being tested but are not yet ready for widespread use.

Another solution is the use of predictive models, wherein variable(s) that are easily and quickly measured are surrogates for concentrations of fecal-indicator bacteria. Rainfall-based alerts, the simplest type of model, have been used by several communities for a number of years. Deterministic models use mathematical representations of the processes that affect bacteria concentrations; this type of model is being used for beach-closure decisions at one location in the USA. Multivariable statistical models are being developed and tested in many areas of the USA; however, they are only used in three areas of the Great Lakes to aid in notifications of beach advisories or closings. These “operational” statistical models can result in more accurate assessments of recreational water quality than use of the previous day's Escherichia coli (E. coli)concentration as determined by traditional culture methods. The Ohio Nowcast, at Huntington Beach, Bay Village, Ohio, is described in this paper as an example of an operational statistical model. Because predictive modeling is a dynamic process, water-resource managers continue to collect additional data to improve the predictive ability of the nowcast and expand the nowcast to other Ohio beaches and a recreational river. Although predictive models have been shown to work well at some beaches and are becoming more widely accepted, implementation in many areas is limited by funding, lack of coordinated technical leadership, and lack of supporting epidemiological data.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634980902905767","issn":"14634988","usgsCitation":"Francy, D.S., 2009, Use of predictive models and rapid methods to nowcast bacteria levels at coastal beaches: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 177-182, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980902905767.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"182","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf5ce4b08c986b329af4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francy, Donna S. 0000-0001-9229-3557 dsfrancy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":1853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"Donna","email":"dsfrancy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032738,"text":"70032738 - 2009 - Hierarchical Bayesian Markov switching models with application to predicting spawning success of shovelnose sturgeon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032738","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2568,"text":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C: Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical Bayesian Markov switching models with application to predicting spawning success of shovelnose sturgeon","docAbstract":"The timing of spawning in fish is tightly linked to environmental factors; however, these factors are not very well understood for many species. Specifically, little information is available to guide recruitment efforts for endangered species such as the sturgeon. Therefore, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model for predicting the success of spawning of the shovelnose sturgeon which uses both biological and behavioural (longitudinal) data. In particular, we use data that were produced from a tracking study that was conducted in the Lower Missouri River. The data that were produced from this study consist of biological variables associated with readiness to spawn along with longitudinal behavioural data collected by using telemetry and archival data storage tags. These high frequency data are complex both biologically and in the underlying behavioural process. To accommodate such complexity we developed a hierarchical linear regression model that uses an eigenvalue predictor, derived from the transition probability matrix of a two-state Markov switching model with generalized auto-regressive conditional heteroscedastic dynamics. Finally, to minimize the computational burden that is associated with estimation of this model, a parallel computing approach is proposed. ?? Journal compilation 2009 Royal Statistical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C: Applied Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9876.2008.00642.x","issn":"00359","usgsCitation":"Holan, S., Davis, G.M., Wildhaber, M., DeLonay, A., and Papoulias, D., 2009, Hierarchical Bayesian Markov switching models with application to predicting spawning success of shovelnose sturgeon: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C: Applied Statistics, v. 58, no. 1, p. 47-64, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9876.2008.00642.x.","startPage":"47","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213984,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9876.2008.00642.x"},{"id":241666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3099e4b0c8380cd5d7a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holan, S. H.","contributorId":76453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holan","given":"S. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, G. M.","contributorId":7510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeLonay, A. J. 0000-0002-3752-2799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-2799","contributorId":34246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Papoulias, D. M. 0000-0002-5106-2469","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":58759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034898,"text":"70034898 - 2009 - Basin geometry and cumulative offsets in the Eastern Transverse Ranges, southern California: Implications for transrotational deformation along the San Andreas fault system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:42","indexId":"70034898","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basin geometry and cumulative offsets in the Eastern Transverse Ranges, southern California: Implications for transrotational deformation along the San Andreas fault system","docAbstract":"The Eastern Transverse Ranges, adjacent to and southeast of the big left bend of the San Andreas fault, southern California, form a crustal block that has rotated clockwise in response to dextral shear within the San Andreas system. Previous studies have indicated a discrepancy between the measured magnitudes of left slip on through-going east-striking fault zones of the Eastern Transverse Ranges and those predicted by simple geometric models using paleomagnetically determined clockwise rotations of basalts distributed along the faults. To assess the magnitude and source of this discrepancy, we apply new gravity and magnetic data in combination with geologic data to better constrain cumulative fault offsets and to define basin structure for the block between the Pinto Mountain and Chiriaco fault zones. Estimates of offset from using the length of pull-apart basins developed within left-stepping strands of the sinistral faults are consistent with those derived by matching offset magnetic anomalies and bedrock patterns, indicating a cumulative offset of at most ???40 km. The upper limit of displacements constrained by the geophysical and geologic data overlaps with the lower limit of those predicted at the 95% confidence level by models of conservative slip located on margins of rigid rotating blocks and the clockwise rotation of the paleomagnetic vectors. Any discrepancy is likely resolved by internal deformation within the blocks, such as intense deformation adjacent to the San Andreas fault (that can account for the absence of basins there as predicted by rigid-block models) and linkage via subsidiary faults between the main faults. ?? 2009 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/GES00177.1","issn":"1553040X","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., and Powell, R.E., 2009, Basin geometry and cumulative offsets in the Eastern Transverse Ranges, southern California: Implications for transrotational deformation along the San Andreas fault system: Geosphere, v. 5, no. 1, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00177.1.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476352,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00177.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215907,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00177.1"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efede4b0c8380cd4a505","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":448217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, R. E.","contributorId":93046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035946,"text":"70035946 - 2009 - A national look at carbon capture and storage-National carbon sequestration database and geographical information system (NatCarb)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035946","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A national look at carbon capture and storage-National carbon sequestration database and geographical information system (NatCarb)","docAbstract":"The US Department of Energy's Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs) are responsible for generating geospatial data for the maps displayed in the Carbon Sequestration Atlas of the United States and Canada. Key geospatial data (carbon sources, potential storage sites, transportation, land use, etc.) are required for the Atlas, and for efficient implementation of carbon sequestration on a national and regional scale. The National Carbon Sequestration Database and Geographical Information System (NatCarb) is a relational database and geographic information system (GIS) that integrates carbon storage data generated and maintained by the RCSPs and various other sources. The purpose of NatCarb is to provide a national view of the carbon capture and storage potential in the U.S. and Canada. The digital spatial database allows users to estimate the amount of CO2 emitted by sources (such as power plants, refineries and other fossil-fuel-consuming industries) in relation to geologic formations that can provide safe, secure storage sites over long periods of time. The NatCarb project is working to provide all stakeholders with improved online tools for the display and analysis of CO2 carbon capture and storage data. NatCarb is organizing and enhancing the critical information about CO2 sources and developing the technology needed to access, query, model, analyze, display, and distribute natural resource data related to carbon management. Data are generated, maintained and enhanced locally at the RCSP level, or at specialized data warehouses, and assembled, accessed, and analyzed in real-time through a single geoportal. NatCarb is a functional demonstration of distributed data-management systems that cross the boundaries between institutions and geographic areas. It forms the first step toward a functioning National Carbon Cyberinfrastructure (NCCI). NatCarb provides access to first-order information to evaluate the costs, economic potential and societal issues of CO2 capture and storage, including public perception and regulatory aspects. NatCarb online access has been modified to address the broad needs of a spectrum of users. NatCarb includes not only GIS and database query tools for high-end user, but simplified display for the general public using readily available web tools such as Google Earth???and Google Maps???. Not only is NatCarb connected to all the RCSPs, but data are also pulled from public servers including the U.S. Geological Survey-EROS Data Center and from the Geography Network. Data for major CO2 sources have been obtained from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) databases, and data on major coal basins and coalbed methane wells were obtained from the Energy Information Administration (EIA). ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Energy Procedia","conferenceTitle":"9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-9","conferenceDate":"16 November 2008 through 20 November 2008","conferenceLocation":"Washington DC","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.057","issn":"18766102","usgsCitation":"Carr, T., Iqbal, A., Callaghan, N., Dana-Adkins-Heljeson, Look, K., Saving, S., and Nelson, K., 2009, A national look at carbon capture and storage-National carbon sequestration database and geographical information system (NatCarb), in Energy Procedia, v. 1, no. 1, Washington DC, 16 November 2008 through 20 November 2008, p. 2841-2847, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.057.","startPage":"2841","endPage":"2847","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476347,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.057","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216178,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.057"},{"id":244029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e492e4b0c8380cd4672e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, T.R.","contributorId":37094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iqbal, A.","contributorId":49172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iqbal","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Callaghan, N.","contributorId":31228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callaghan","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dana-Adkins-Heljeson","contributorId":127988,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Dana-Adkins-Heljeson","id":535166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Look, K.","contributorId":74594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Look","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Saving, S.","contributorId":7937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saving","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nelson, K.","contributorId":33492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70035294,"text":"70035294 - 2009 - A habitat assessment for Florida panther population expansion into central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T14:41:51","indexId":"70035294","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A habitat assessment for Florida panther population expansion into central Florida","docAbstract":"

One of the goals of the Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) recovery plan is to expand panther range north of the Caloosahatchee River in central Florida. Our objective was to evaluate the potential of that region to support panthers. We used a geographic information system and the Mahalanobis distance statistic to develop a habitat model based on landscape characteristics associated with panther home ranges. We used cross-validation and an independent telemetry data set to test the habitat model. We also conducted a least-cost path analysis to identify potential habitat linkages and to provide a relative measure of connectivity among habitat patches. Variables in our model were paved road density, major highways, human population density, percentage of the area permanently or semipermanently flooded, and percentage of the area in natural land cover. Our model clearly identified habitat typical of that found within panther home ranges based on model testing with recent telemetry data. We identified 4 potential translocation sites that may support a total of approximately 36 panthers. Although we identified potential habitat linkages, our least-cost path analyses highlighted the extreme isolation of panther habitat in portions of the study area. Human intervention will likely be required if the goal is to establish female panthers north of the Caloosahatchee in the near term.

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D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034918,"text":"70034918 - 2009 - Effect of experimental manipulation on survival and recruitment of feral pigs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034918","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3777,"text":"Wildlife Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of experimental manipulation on survival and recruitment of feral pigs","docAbstract":"Lethal removal is commonly used to reduce the density of invasive-species populations, presuming it reduces population growth rate; the actual effect of lethal removal on the vital rates contributing to population growth, however, is rarely tested. We implemented a manipulative experiment of feral pig (Sus scrofa) populations at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA, to assess the demographic effects of harvest intensity. Using markrecapture data, we estimated annual survival, recruitment, and population growth rates of populations in a moderately harvested area and a heavily harvested area for 200406. Population growth rates did not differ between the populations. The top-ranked model for survival included a harvest intensity effect; model-averaged survival was lower for the heavily harvested population than for the moderately harvested population. Increased immigration and reproduction likely compensated for the increased mortality in the heavily harvested population. We conclude that compensatory responses in feral pig recruitment can limit the success of lethal control efforts. ?? 2009 CSIRO.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WR08077","issn":"10353712","usgsCitation":"Hanson, L., Mitchell, M., Grand, J., Jolley, D., Sparklin, B., and Ditchkoff, S., 2009, Effect of experimental manipulation on survival and recruitment of feral pigs: Wildlife Research, v. 36, no. 3, p. 185-191, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR08077.","startPage":"185","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215737,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WR08077"},{"id":243560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05dbe4b0c8380cd50fc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, L.B.","contributorId":36759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, M.S.","contributorId":26724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jolley, D.B.","contributorId":60862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jolley","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sparklin, B.D.","contributorId":30047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparklin","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ditchkoff, S.S.","contributorId":100580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ditchkoff","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034925,"text":"70034925 - 2009 - Sources and transformations of nitrate from streams draining varying land uses: Evidence from dual isotope analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T10:43:02","indexId":"70034925","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources and transformations of nitrate from streams draining varying land uses: Evidence from dual isotope analysis","docAbstract":"Knowledge of key sources and biogeochemical processes that affect the transport of nitrate (NO3-) in streams can inform watershed management strategies for controlling downstream eutrophication. We applied dual isotope analysis of NO3- to determine the dominant sources and processes that affect NO3- concentrations in six stream/river watersheds of different land uses. Samples were collected monthly at a range of flow conditions for 15 mo during 2004-05 and analyzed for NO3- concentrations, ?? 15NNO3, and ??18ONO3. Samples from two forested watersheds indicated that NO3- derived from nitrification was dominant at baseflow. A watershed dominated by suburban land use had three ??18ONO3 values greater than +25???, indicating a large direct contribution of atmospheric NO 3- transported to the stream during some high flows. Two watersheds with large proportions of agricultural land use had many ??15NNO3 values greater than +9???, suggesting an animal waste source consistent with regional dairy farming practices. These data showed a linear seasonal pattern with a ??18O NO3:??15NNO3 of 1:2, consistent with seasonally varying denitrification that peaked in late summer to early fall with the warmest temperatures and lowest annual streamflow. The large range of ?? 15NNO3 values (10???) indicates that NO 3- supply was likely not limiting the rate of denitrification, consistent with ground water and/or in-stream denitrification. Mixing of two or more distinct sources may have affected the seasonal isotope patterns observed in these two agricultural streams. In a mixed land use watershed of large drainage area, none of the source and process patterns observed in the small streams were evident. These results emphasize that observations at watersheds of a few to a few hundred km2 may be necessary to adequately quantify the relative roles of various NO 3- transport and process patterns that contribute to streamflow in large basins. Copyright ?? 2009 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2008.0371","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., Boyer, E., Elliott, E., and Kendall, C., 2009, Sources and transformations of nitrate from streams draining varying land uses: Evidence from dual isotope analysis: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 38, no. 3, p. 1149-1159, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0371.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1149","endPage":"1159","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215851,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0371"},{"id":243682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b935ee4b08c986b31a46a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyer, E.W.","contributorId":56358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":448347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, E.M.","contributorId":78064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035104,"text":"70035104 - 2009 - Rapid incision of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon - insights from channel profiles, local incision rates, and modeling of lithologic controls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035104","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid incision of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon - insights from channel profiles, local incision rates, and modeling of lithologic controls","docAbstract":"The Colorado River system in southern Utah and northern Arizona is continuing to adjust to the baselevel fall responsible for the carving of the Grand Canyon. Estimates of bedrock incision rates in this area vary widely, hinting at the transient state of the Colorado and its tributaries. In conjunction with these data, we use longitudinal profiles of the Colorado and tributaries between Marble Canyon and Cataract Canyon to investigate the incision history of the Colorado in this region. We find that almost all of the tributaries in this region steepen as they enter the Colorado River. The consistent presence of oversteepened reaches with similar elevation drops in the lower section of these channels, and their coincidence within a corridor of high local relief along the Colorado, suggest that the tributaries are steepening in response to an episode of increased incision rate on the mainstem. This analysis makes testable predictions about spatial variations in incision rates; these predictions are consistent with existing rate estimates and can be used to guide further studies. We also present cosmogenic nuclide data from the Henry Mountains of southern Utah. We measured in situ 10Be concentrations on four gravel-covered strath surfaces elevated from 1 m to 110 m above Trachyte Creek. The surfaces yield exposure ages that range from approximately 2??5 ka to 267 ka and suggest incision rates that vary between 350 and 600 m/my. These incision rates are similar to other rates determined within the high-relief corridor. Available data thus support the interpretation that tributaries of the Colorado River upstream of the Grand Canyon are responding to a recent pulse of rapid incision on the Colorado. Numerical modeling of detachment-limited bedrock incision suggests that this incision pulse is likely related to the upstream-dipping lithologic boundary at the northern edge of the Kaibab upwarp. ?? 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1790","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Cook, K.L., Whipple, K., Heimsath, A., and Hanks, T.C., 2009, Rapid incision of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon - insights from channel profiles, local incision rates, and modeling of lithologic controls: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 34, no. 7, p. 994-1010, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1790.","startPage":"994","endPage":"1010","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215239,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1790"},{"id":243028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94e8e4b0c8380cd816c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, K. L.","contributorId":34567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whipple, K.X.","contributorId":47187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whipple","given":"K.X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heimsath, A.M.","contributorId":52781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimsath","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035110,"text":"70035110 - 2009 - Beneath the veil: Plant growth form influences the strength of species richness-productivity relationships in forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035110","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beneath the veil: Plant growth form influences the strength of species richness-productivity relationships in forests","docAbstract":"Aim: Species richness has been observed to increase with productivity at large spatial scales, though the strength of this relationship varies among functional groups. In forests, canopy trees shade understorey plants, and for this reason we hypothesize that species richness of canopy trees will depend on macroclimate, while species richness of shorter growth forms will additionally be affected by shading from the canopy. In this study we test for differences in species richness-productivity relationships (SRPRs) among growth forms (canopy trees, shrubs, herbaceous species) in small forest plots. Location: We analysed 231 plots ranging from 34.0?? to 48.3?? N latitude and from 75.0?? to 124.2?? W longitude in the United States. Methods: We analysed data collected by the USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis program for plant species richness partitioned into different growth forms, in small plots. We used actual evapotranspiration as a macroclimatic estimate of regional productivity and calculated the area of light-blocking tissue in the immediate area surrounding plots for an estimate of the intensity of local shading. We estimated and compared SRPRs for different partitions of the species richness dataset using generalized linear models and we incorporated the possible indirect effects of shading using a structural equation model. Results: Canopy tree species richness increased strongly with regional productivity, while local shading primarily explained the variation in herbaceous plant richness. Shrub species richness was related to both regional productivity and local shading. Main conclusions: The relationship between total forest plant species richness and productivity at large scales belies strong effects of local interactions. Counter to the pattern for overall richness, we found that understorey herbaceous plant species richness does not respond to regional productivity gradients, and instead is strongly influenced by canopy density, while shrub species richness is under multivariate control. ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00457.x","issn":"1466822X","usgsCitation":"Oberle, B., Grace, J., and Chase, J., 2009, Beneath the veil: Plant growth form influences the strength of species richness-productivity relationships in forests: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 18, no. 4, p. 416-425, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00457.x.","startPage":"416","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215297,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00457.x"},{"id":243092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0aee4b0c8380cd4a867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberle, B.","contributorId":15851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberle","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, J.M.","contributorId":90558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035941,"text":"70035941 - 2009 - Numerical study of tsunami generated by multiple submarine slope failures in Resurrection Bay, Alaska, during the MW 9.2 1964 earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T16:57:18","indexId":"70035941","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Numerical study of tsunami generated by multiple submarine slope failures in Resurrection Bay, Alaska, during the MW 9.2 1964 earthquake","docAbstract":"We use a viscous slide model of Jiang and LeBlond (1994) coupled with nonlinear shallow water equations to study tsunami waves in Resurrection Bay, in south-central Alaska. The town of Seward, located at the head of Resurrection Bay, was hit hard by both tectonic and local landslide-generated tsunami waves during the MW 9.2 1964 earthquake with an epicenter located about 150 km northeast of Seward. Recent studies have estimated the total volume of underwater slide material that moved in Resurrection Bay during the earthquake to be about 211 million m3. Resurrection Bay is a glacial fjord with large tidal ranges and sediments accumulating on steep underwater slopes at a high rate. Also, it is located in a seismically active region above the Aleutian megathrust. All these factors make the town vulnerable to locally generated waves produced by underwater slope failures. Therefore it is crucial to assess the tsunami hazard related to local landslide-generated tsunamis in Resurrection Bay in order to conduct comprehensive tsunami inundation mapping at Seward. We use numerical modeling to recreate the landslides and tsunami waves of the 1964 earthquake to test the hypothesis that the local tsunami in Resurrection Bay has been produced by a number of different slope failures. We find that numerical results are in good agreement with the observational data, and the model could be employed to evaluate landslide tsunami hazard in Alaska fjords for the purposes of tsunami hazard mitigation. ?? Birkh??user Verlag, Basel 2009.","largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-004-0430-3","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Suleimani, E., Hansen, R., and Haeussler, P.J., 2009, Numerical study of tsunami generated by multiple submarine slope failures in Resurrection Bay, Alaska, during the MW 9.2 1964 earthquake, in Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 166, no. 1-2, p. 131-152, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-004-0430-3.","startPage":"131","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216117,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-004-0430-3"}],"volume":"166","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6933e4b0c8380cd73c01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suleimani, E.","contributorId":91713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suleimani","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, R.","contributorId":56370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035115,"text":"70035115 - 2009 - The contemporary cement cycle of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T09:46:56","indexId":"70035115","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2383,"text":"Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The contemporary cement cycle of the United States","docAbstract":"A country-level stock and flow model for cement, an important construction material, was developed based on a material flow analysis framework. Using this model, the contemporary cement cycle of the United States was constructed by analyzing production, import, and export data for different stages of the cement cycle. The United States currently supplies approximately 80% of its cement consumption through domestic production and the rest is imported. The average annual net addition of in-use new cement stock over the period 2000-2004 was approximately 83 million metric tons and amounts to 2.3 tons per capita of concrete. Nonfuel carbon dioxide emissions (42 million metric tons per year) from the calcination phase of cement manufacture account for 62% of the total 68 million tons per year of cement production residues. The end-of-life cement discards are estimated to be 33 million metric tons per year, of which between 30% and 80% is recycled. A significant portion of the infrastructure in the United States is reaching the end of its useful life and will need to be replaced or rehabilitated; this could require far more cement than might be expected from economic forecasts of demand for cement. ?? 2009 Springer Japan.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10163-008-0229-x","issn":"14384957","usgsCitation":"Kapur, A., Van Oss, H., Keoleian, G., Kesler, S., and Kendall, A., 2009, The contemporary cement cycle of the United States: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, v. 11, no. 2, p. 155-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-008-0229-x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"165","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215362,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-008-0229-x"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa59e4b08c986b3227e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kapur, A.","contributorId":19390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapur","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Oss, H. G.","contributorId":84581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Oss","given":"H. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keoleian, G.","contributorId":71785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keoleian","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kesler, S.E.","contributorId":42717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kesler","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendall, A.","contributorId":48781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035902,"text":"70035902 - 2009 - VIMS spectral mapping observations of Titan during the Cassini prime mission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035902","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"VIMS spectral mapping observations of Titan during the Cassini prime mission","docAbstract":"This is a data paper designed to facilitate the use of and comparisons to Cassini/visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) spectral mapping data of Saturn's moon Titan. We present thumbnail orthographic projections of flyby mosaics from each Titan encounter during the Cassini prime mission, 2004 July 1 through 2008 June 30. For each flyby we also describe the encounter geometry, and we discuss the studies that have previously been published using the VIMS dataset. The resulting compliation of metadata provides a complementary big-picture overview of the VIMS data in the public archive, and should be a useful reference for future Titan studies. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2009.04.013","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Barnes, J.W., Soderblom, J., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Sotin, C., Baines, K.H., Clark, R.N., Jaumann, R., McCord, T.B., Nelson, R., Le Mouelic, S., Rodriguez, S., Griffith, C., Penteado, P., Tosi, F., Pitman, K., Soderblom, L., Stephan, K., Hayne, P., Vixie, G., Bibring, J., Bellucci, G., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Coradini, A., Cruikshank, D.P., Drossart, P., Formisano, V., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., Nicholson, P.D., and Sicardy, B., 2009, VIMS spectral mapping observations of Titan during the Cassini prime mission: Planetary and Space Science, v. 57, no. 14-15, p. 1950-1962, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2009.04.013.","startPage":"1950","endPage":"1962","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216441,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2009.04.013"},{"id":244311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"14-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0eae4b08c986b32a3b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, J. W.","contributorId":14554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soderblom, J.M.","contributorId":31097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buratti, B. 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However, recent experimental evidence of fluctuating DO concentrations near the sediment-water interface suggests that turbulence and coherent motions control the mass transfer, and the surface renewal theory gives a more mechanistic model for quantifying fluxes. Both models involve quantifying the mass transfer coefficient (k) and the relevant concentration difference (??C). This study compared several empirical models for quantifying k based on both thin-film and surface renewal theories, as well as presents a new method for quantifying ??C (dynamic approach) that is consistent with the observed DO concentration fluctuations near the interface. Data were used from a series of flume experiments that includes both physical and kinetic uptake limitations of the flux. Results indicated that methods for quantifying k and ??C using the surface renewal theory better estimated the DO flux across a range of fluid-flow conditions. ?? 2009 ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000093","issn":"07339372","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, B., Hondzo, M., and Harvey, J., 2009, Incorporating both physical and kinetic limitations in quantifying dissolved oxygen flux to aquatic sediments: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 135, no. 12, p. 1304-1314, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000093.","startPage":"1304","endPage":"1314","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216094,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000093"},{"id":243936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39e7e4b0c8380cd61a98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, B.L.","contributorId":24977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hondzo, Miki","contributorId":11816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hondzo","given":"Miki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12693,"text":"Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering and St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Minneapolis, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":453527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, J. 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The Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools (LANDFIRE) Project is mapping wildland fuels, vegetation, and fire regime characteristics across the United States. The LANDFIRE project is unique because of its national scope, creating an integrated product suite at 30-m spatial resolution and complete spatial coverage of all lands within the 50 states. Here we describe development of the LANDFIRE wildland fuels data layers for the conterminous 48 states: surface fire behavior fuel models, canopy bulk density, canopy base height, canopy cover, and canopy height. Surface fire behavior fuel models are mapped by developing crosswalks to vegetation structure and composition created by LANDFIRE. Canopy fuels are mapped using regression trees relating field-referenced estimates of canopy base height and canopy bulk density to satellite imagery, biophysical gradients and vegetation structure and composition data. Here we focus on the methods and data used to create the fuel data products, discuss problems encountered with the data, provide an accuracy assessment, demonstrate recent use of the data during the 2007 fire season, and discuss ideas for updating, maintaining and improving LANDFIRE fuel data products.

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