Near Moku‘āweoweo, Mauna Loa’s summit caldera, there are three fans of explosive deposits. The fans, located to the west, northwest, and east, are strongly arcuate in map view. Along ‘Āinapō Trail, 2.8–3.5 km southeast of the caldera, there are several small kīpuka that expose a fourth explosive deposit. Although these explosive deposits have been known for some time, no study bearing on the nature of the explosive activity that formed them has been done. By analyzing cosmogenic exposure age data and the physical properties of the debris fans—lithology, size distributions, and clast dispersal—we conclude that the lithic deposits are the result of five separate phreatic events. The lithic ejecta consist of fragments of ponded lavas, pāhoehoe, gabbroic xenoliths, and “bread-crust” fragments. The exposure ages indicate that the explosive deposit on the west caldera rim was erupted 868 ± 57 yr B.P.; for the northwest fan, the age determination is 829 ± 51 yr B.P.; and on the east rim, ejecta deposits are younger, with ages of 150 ± 20 and 220 ± 20 yr B.P. Lavas underlying these deposits have exposure ages of 960–1020 yr B.P., consistent with the stratigraphy. Near ‘Āinapō Trail, the explosive deposit is much older, overlain by flows dated with a pooled mean age of 1507 ± 19 yr B.P. From the cosmogenic dating, we have three reliable and unambiguous dates. At a much earlier time, a fourth explosive eruption created the ‘Āinapō Trail deposit. We conclude there were at least five explosive episodes around the summit caldera. These deposits, along with recent work done on Kīlauea’s explosive activity, further discredit the notion that Hawaiian volcanoes are strictly effusive in nature. The evidence from the summit of Mauna Loa indicates that it, too, has erupted explosively in recent history.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field volcanology: A tribute to the distinguished career of Don Swanson","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2018.2538(15)","usgsCitation":"Trusdell, F., Hungerford, J., Stone, J., Fifield, K., McCann, K., Wershow, H., Zaarur, S., and Dimeo Boyd, M., 2018, Explosive eruptions at the summit of Mauna Loa: Lithology, modeling, and dating, chap. of Field volcanology: A tribute to the distinguished career of Don Swanson, v. 538, p. 325-349, https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2538(15).","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"349","ipdsId":"IP-089763","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Mauna Loa volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.6297492980957,\n 19.42013505603468\n ],\n [\n -155.55353164672852,\n 19.42013505603468\n ],\n [\n -155.55353164672852,\n 19.502842244396035\n ],\n [\n -155.6297492980957,\n 19.502842244396035\n ],\n [\n -155.6297492980957,\n 19.42013505603468\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"538","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trusdell, Frank A. 0000-0002-0681-0528 trusdell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-0528","contributorId":754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"Frank A.","email":"trusdell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hungerford, Jefferson","contributorId":243584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hungerford","given":"Jefferson","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stone, John","contributorId":199224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fifield, Keith","contributorId":272639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fifield","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37791,"text":"Australia National University, Canberra","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCann, Kaitlin","contributorId":272640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCann","given":"Kaitlin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37174,"text":"Volunteer","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wershow, Harold","contributorId":272641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wershow","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56394,"text":"Everett Community College, Everett, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zaarur, Shikma","contributorId":272642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zaarur","given":"Shikma","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56395,"text":"Hebrew University Insitute of Earh Sciences, Jerusalem","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dimeo Boyd, Melissa","contributorId":272643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dimeo Boyd","given":"Melissa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56396,"text":"Yeh and Associates, Denver CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70202168,"text":"70202168 - 2018 - Potential for negative emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) through coastal peatland re-establishment: Novel insights from high frequency flux data at meter and kilometer scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-12T16:26:58","indexId":"70202168","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-01T16:26:49","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Potential for negative emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) through coastal peatland re-establishment: Novel insights from high frequency flux data at meter and kilometer scales","title":"Potential for negative emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) through coastal peatland re-establishment: Novel insights from high frequency flux data at meter and kilometer scales","docAbstract":"High productivity temperate wetlands that accrete peat via belowground biomass (peatlands) may be managed for climate mitigation benefits due to their global distribution and notably negative emissions of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) through rapid storage of carbon (C) in anoxic soils. Net emissions of additional greenhouse gases (GHG)—methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)—are more difficult to predict and monitor due to fine-scale temporal and spatial variability, but can potentially reverse the climate mitigation benefits resulting from CO2 uptake. To support management decisions and modeling, we collected continuous 96 hour high frequency GHG flux data for CO2, CH4 and N2O at multiple scales—static chambers (1 Hz) and eddy covariance (10 Hz)—during peak productivity in a well-studied, impounded coastal peatland in California's Sacramento Delta with high annual rates of C fluxes, sequestering 2065 ± 150 g CO2 m−2 y−1 and emitting 64.5 ± 2.4 g CH4 m−2 y−1. Chambers (n = 6) showed strong spatial variability along a hydrologic gradient from inlet to interior plots. Daily (24 hour) net CO2 uptake (NEE) was highest near inlet locations and fell dramatically along the flowpath (−25 to −3.8 to +2.64 g CO2 m−2 d−1). In contrast, daily net CH4 flux increased along the flowpath (0.39 to 0.62 to 0.88 g CH4 m−2d−1), such that sites of high daily CO2 uptake were sites of low CH4 emission. Distributed, continuous chamber data exposed five novel insights, and at least two important datagaps for wetland GHG management, including: (1) increasing dominance of CH4 ebullition fluxes (15%–32% of total) along the flowpath and (2) net negative N2O flux across all sites as measured during a 4 day period of peak biomass (−1.7 mg N2O m−2 d−1; 0.51 g CO2 eq m−2 d−1). The net negative emissions of re-established peat-accreting wetlands are notably high, but may be poorly estimated by models that do not consider within-wetland spatial variability due to water flowpaths.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Science","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/aaae74","usgsCitation":"Windham-Myers, L., Bergamaschi, B.A., Anderson, F.A., Knox, S., Miller, R., and Fujii, R., 2018, Potential for negative emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) through coastal peatland re-establishment: Novel insights from high frequency flux data at meter and kilometer scales: Environmental Research Letters, v. 13, no. 4, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaae74.","productDescription":"Article 045005; 14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-091738","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaae74","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta","volume":"13","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":140776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Frank A. 0000-0002-1418-4678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-4678","contributorId":203975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knox, Sarah 0000-0003-2255-5835","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2255-5835","contributorId":167493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knox","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[{"id":24725,"text":"Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Robin 0000-0002-1875-0390 romiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1875-0390","contributorId":213190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robin","email":"romiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fujii, Roger 0000-0002-4616-7231 rfujii@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4616-7231","contributorId":213191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"Roger","email":"rfujii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70201780,"text":"70201780 - 2018 - Landsat benefiting society for fifty years","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70268821,"text":"70268821 - 2018 - Addressing the water consumption riddle","indexId":"70268821","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Addressing the water consumption riddle"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201780,"text":"70201780 - 2018 - Landsat benefiting society for fifty years","indexId":"70201780","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Landsat benefiting society for fifty years"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70268822,"text":"70268822 - 2018 - After the fire: Landsat helps map the way forward","indexId":"70268822","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"After the fire: Landsat helps map the way forward"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201780,"text":"70201780 - 2018 - Landsat benefiting society for fifty years","indexId":"70201780","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Landsat benefiting society for fifty years"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-08T14:19:17.321439","indexId":"70201780","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-01T13:24:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Landsat benefiting society for fifty years","docAbstract":"Since 1972, data acquired by the Landsat series of satellites have become integral to land management for both government and the private sector, providing scientists and decision makers with key information about agricultural productivity, ice sheet dynamics, urban growth, forest monitoring, natural resource management, water quality, and supporting disaster response.
Landsat 9 continues the mission of unrivaled space-based Earth observation and will lead the Landsat program into its second half century of Earth imagery provided to users, worldwide, at no charge. More than 8 million Landsat scenes held in the USGS archive to date are used in conjunction with advanced geographic information systems, image processing software, and cloud computing capabilities to enable Landsat users to study changes on the Earth’s surface across continental regions and extended time periods.
The Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI-2) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor 2 (TIRS-2) instruments onboard Landsat 9 —which replicate the technologically-advanced instruments introduced onboard Landsat 8—allow for the collection of continuous high-quality data required for advancing Earth applications, including our ability to map surface temperature and surface water quality.
Landsat 9 will build on the Landsat legacy, achieving a half-century record of global Earth observations.
","language":"English","publisher":"NASA","usgsCitation":"Rocchio, L., Connot, P., Young, S., Ramsayer, K., Owen, L., Bouchard, M., and Barnes, C., 2018, Landsat benefiting society for fifty years, 60 p.","productDescription":"60 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-103742","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361030,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":399495,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Case_Studies_Book2018_Landsat_Final_12x9web.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocchio, Laura E. P.","contributorId":212822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rocchio","given":"Laura E. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connot, Peggy 0000-0002-8474-8096","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8474-8096","contributorId":212823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connot","given":"Peggy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Steve 0000-0002-7904-9696","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7904-9696","contributorId":212824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramsayer, Kate","contributorId":212825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramsayer","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Owen, Linda 0000-0002-1734-5406","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1734-5406","contributorId":212826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Linda","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bouchard, Michelle 0000-0002-6353-3491 mbouchard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-3491","contributorId":3765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouchard","given":"Michelle","email":"mbouchard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barnes, Christopher 0000-0002-4608-4364 christopher.barnes.ctr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4608-4364","contributorId":198908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Christopher","email":"christopher.barnes.ctr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70202144,"text":"70202144 - 2018 - Secular changes in Cenozoic arc magmatism recorded by trends in forearc-basin sandstone composition, Cook Inlet, southern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-28T09:41:05","indexId":"70202144","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-01T11:48:38","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Secular changes in Cenozoic arc magmatism recorded by trends in forearc-basin sandstone composition, Cook Inlet, southern Alaska","docAbstract":"A robust set of modal composition data (238 samples) for Eocene to Pliocene sandstone from the Cook Inlet forearc basin of southern Alaska reveals strong temporal trends in composition, particularly in the abundance of volcanic lithic grains. Field and petrographic point-count data from the northwestern side of the basin indicate that the middle Eocene West Foreland Formation was strongly influenced by nearby volcanic activity. The middle Eocene to lower Miocene Hemlock Conglomerate and Oligocene to middle Miocene Tyonek Formation have a more mature quartzose composition with limited volcanic input. The middle to upper Miocene Beluga Formation includes abundant argillaceous sedimentary lithic grains and records an upward increase in volcanogenic material. The up-section increase in volcanic detritus continues into the upper Miocene to Pliocene Sterling Formation.
These first-order observations are interpreted to primarily reflect the waxing and waning of nearby arc magmatism. Available U-Pb detrital zircon geochronologic data indicate a dramatic reduction in zircon abundance during the early Eocene, and again during the Oligocene to Miocene, suggesting the arc was nearly dormant during these intervals. The reduced arc flux may record events such as subduction of slab windows or material that resisted subduction. The earlier hiatus in volcanism began ca. 56 Ma and coincided with a widely accepted model of ridge subduction beneath south-central Alaska. The later hiatus (ca. 25–8 Ma) coincided with insertion of the leading edge of the Yakutat terrane beneath the North American continental margin, resulting in an Oligocene to Miocene episode of flat-slab subduction that extended farther to the southwest than the modern seismically imaged flat-slab region. The younger tectonic event coincided with development of some of the best petroleum reservoirs in Cook Inlet.
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2018 - Addressing the water consumption riddle","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70268821,"text":"70268821 - 2018 - Addressing the water consumption riddle","indexId":"70268821","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Addressing the water consumption riddle"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201780,"text":"70201780 - 2018 - Landsat benefiting society for fifty years","indexId":"70201780","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Landsat benefiting society for fifty years"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70201780,"text":"70201780 - 2018 - Landsat benefiting society for fifty years","indexId":"70201780","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Landsat benefiting society for fifty years"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-08T13:59:09.032588","indexId":"70268821","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-01T08:54:44","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Addressing the water consumption riddle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landsat benefiting society for fifty years","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"NASA","usgsCitation":"Connot, P., and Young, S., 2018, Addressing the water consumption riddle, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"32","ipdsId":"IP-103651","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connot, Peggy 0000-0002-8474-8096","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8474-8096","contributorId":212823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connot","given":"Peggy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, Steve 0000-0002-7904-9696","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7904-9696","contributorId":212824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70268822,"text":"70268822 - 2018 - After the fire: Landsat helps map the way forward","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70268822,"text":"70268822 - 2018 - After the fire: Landsat helps map the way forward","indexId":"70268822","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"After the fire: Landsat helps map the way forward"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201780,"text":"70201780 - 2018 - Landsat benefiting society for fifty years","indexId":"70201780","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Landsat benefiting society for fifty years"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70201780,"text":"70201780 - 2018 - Landsat benefiting society for fifty years","indexId":"70201780","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"title":"Landsat benefiting society for fifty years"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-08T13:54:06.755447","indexId":"70268822","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-01T08:51:24","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"After the fire: Landsat helps map the way forward","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landsat benefiting society for fifty years","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"NASA","usgsCitation":"Young, S., and Connot, P., 2018, After the fire: Landsat helps map the way forward, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"55","ipdsId":"IP-103652","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Steve 0000-0002-7904-9696","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7904-9696","contributorId":212824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connot, Peggy 0000-0002-8474-8096","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8474-8096","contributorId":212823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connot","given":"Peggy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200801,"text":"70200801 - 2018 - Controls on deep direct-use thermal energy storage (DDU-TES) in the Portland Basin, Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-22T14:18:33","indexId":"70200801","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-30T09:42:15","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Controls on deep direct-use thermal energy storage (DDU-TES) in the Portland Basin, Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage is being evaluated as a complementary technology to Deep Direct-Use for the Portland Basin, Oregon, USA. Aquifers can be used to efficiently distribute and store heat for seasonal use. The use of injection-extraction well pairs precludes the need to store or dispose of large volumes of pumped groundwater or to obtain a consumptive groundwater right. Injection temperatures vary seasonally, and well pairs can operate in continuous (single direction of flow) or cyclic (seasonal reversal of flow) modes. The target injection aquifers are the lowest Columbia River Basalt Group interflow zones, which are thermally and hydraulically separated from the overlying aquifer system, minimizing heat loss. A new aquifer thermal energy storage design tool allows assessment of thermal storage and recovery using: (1) system design parameters (e.g., well spacing and pumping rate), (2) thermal and hydraulic property values, and (3) regional groundwater flow rates. In continuous mode, extracted water temperature trends towards the flow-weighted average temperature of injected water over time, with the injected signal significantly lagged and damped. By controlling well spacing and temperature of delivered water (possibly using supplemental heating) continuous mode provides steady reliable warm water to end-users year-round. In cyclic mode, there is an advectively and conductively heated zone near the hot well and a cooled zone near the cool well, with temperatures substantially above and below the flow-weighted average injection temperature, respectively. In cyclic mode, during extraction, water temperatures start high or low, depending on the well, and temperatures trend towards the average injection temperature over the season. For the Columbia River Basalt Group in the Portland Basin, the quantity and quality of heat delivered depends most strongly on operational schedule, well spacing, mode of operation, and heterogeneity of the injection horizon.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermal's role in today's energy: Geothermal Resources Council Annual Meeting (GRC 2018)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","usgsCitation":"Burns, E.R., Cladouhos, T.T., Williams, C., and Bershaw, 2018, Controls on deep direct-use thermal energy storage (DDU-TES) in the Portland Basin, Oregon, USA, in Geothermal's role in today's energy: Geothermal Resources Council Annual Meeting (GRC 2018), v. 42, p. 132-168.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"168","ipdsId":"IP-098120","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":365760,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.proceedings.com/42374.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Portland Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 44.55133484083592\n ],\n [\n -122.34374999999999,\n 44.55133484083592\n ],\n [\n -122.34374999999999,\n 45.805828539928356\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 45.805828539928356\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 44.55133484083592\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Erick R. 0000-0002-1747-0506 eburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-0506","contributorId":192154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Erick","email":"eburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cladouhos, Trenton T.","contributorId":66801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cladouhos","given":"Trenton","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, C.F. 0000-0003-2196-5496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":20401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":766660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bershaw","contributorId":217372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bershaw","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70201743,"text":"70201743 - 2018 - Time-dependent pore filling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T14:38:39","indexId":"70201743","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-28T14:39:27","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-dependent pore filling","docAbstract":"Capillarity traps fluids in porous media during immiscible fluid displacement. Most field situations involve relatively long time scales, such as hydrocarbon migration into reservoirs, resource recovery, nonaqueous phase liquid remediation, geological CO2 storage, and sediment‐atmosphere interactions. Yet laboratory studies and numerical simulations of capillary phenomena rarely consider the impact of time on these processes. We use time‐lapse microphotography to record the evolution of saturation in air‐ or hydrocarbon‐filled capillary tubes submerged in water to investigate long‐term pore filling phenomena beyond imbibition. Microphotographic sequences capture a lively pore filling history where various concurrent physical phenomena coexist. Dissolution and diffusion play a central role. Observations indicate preferential transport of the wetting liquid along corners, vapor condensation, capillary flow induced by asymmetrical interfaces, and interface pinning that defines the diffusion length. Other processes include internal snap‐offs, fluid redistribution, and changes in wettability as fluids dissolve into each other. Overall, the rate of pore filling is diffusion‐controlled for a given interfacial configuration; diffusive transport takes place at a constant rate for pinned interfaces and is proportional to the square root of time for free interfaces where the diffusion length increases with time.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2018WR023066","usgsCitation":"Sun, Z., Jang, J., and Santamarina, J.C., 2018, Time-dependent pore filling: Water Resources Research, v. 54, no. 12, p. 10242-10253, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023066.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"10242","endPage":"10253","ipdsId":"IP-087788","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018wr023066","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":360762,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c5022c0e4b0708288f7e7c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sun, Zhonghao","contributorId":211899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Zhonghao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jang, Junbong 0000-0001-5500-7558 jjang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-7558","contributorId":189400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jang","given":"Junbong","email":"jjang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santamarina, J. Carlos","contributorId":189401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santamarina","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Carlos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70201718,"text":"70201718 - 2018 - Ecological changes in the nannoplankton community across a shelf transect during the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-28T11:30:06","indexId":"70201718","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-28T11:29:56","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5790,"text":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological changes in the nannoplankton community across a shelf transect during the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum","docAbstract":"Warming and other environmental changes during the Paleocene‐Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) led to profound shifts in the composition and structure of nannoplankton assemblages. Here we analyze the nature of these changes in expanded records from the Cambridge‐Dorchester and Mattawoman Creek‐Billingsley Road cores in Maryland. These cores comprise part of a transect of five paleoshelf cores from Maryland and New Jersey. We integrate multivariate analysis of assemblage data with proxy data to revise understanding of the paleoecological affinities of key species. In particular, Discoasterand Fasciculithus are interpreted as thermophiles without adaptation to particular nutrient levels, while Hornibrookina is considered an opportunist adapted to highly variable nearshore environments. Together the cores show consistent margin‐wide changes across the onset of the PETM, including a pulse of preevent warming, possibly combined with lower salinity, high seasonality, or increased turbidity. The event itself was characterized by continued warming and eutrophication across the paleoshelf. The Maryland sites experienced higher environmental variability as a result of their proximity to large river systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2018PA003383","usgsCitation":"Leon y Leon, I.A., Bralower, T.J., and Self-Trail, J., 2018, Ecological changes in the nannoplankton community across a shelf transect during the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 33, no. 12, p. 1396-1407, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003383.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1396","endPage":"1407","ipdsId":"IP-096927","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018pa003383","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":360724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c5022c4e4b0708288f7e810","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leon y Leon, Isabel A.","contributorId":211831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leon y Leon","given":"Isabel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bralower, Timothy J.","contributorId":211832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bralower","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Self-Trail, Jean 0000-0002-3018-4985 jstrail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3018-4985","contributorId":147370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202690,"text":"70202690 - 2018 - Improving ecological restoration to curb biotic invasion - A practical guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-18T16:19:44","indexId":"70202690","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-04T16:19:38","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2100,"text":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving ecological restoration to curb biotic invasion - A practical guide","docAbstract":"Common practices for invasive species control and management include physical, chemical, and biological approaches. The first two approaches have clear limitations and may lead to unintended (negative) consequences, unless carefully planned and implemented. For example, physical removal rarely completely eradicates the targeted invasive species and can cause disturbances that facilitate new invasions by nonnative species from nearby habitats. Chemical treatments can harm native, and especially rare, species through unanticipated side effects. Biological methods may be classified as biocontrol and the ecological approach. Similar to physical and chemical methods, biocontrol also has limitations and sometimes leads to unintended consequences. Therefore, a relatively safer and more practical choice may be the ecological approach, which has two major components: (1) restoration of native species and (2) biomass manipulation of the restored community, such as selective grazing or prescribed burning (to achieve and maintain viable population sizes). Restoration requires well-planned and implemented planting designs that consider alpha-, beta-, and gamma-diversity and the abundance of native and invasive component species at local, landscape, and regional levels. Given the extensive destruction or degradation of natural habitats around the world, restoration could be most effective for enhancing ecosystem resilience and resistance to biotic invasions. At the same time, ecosystems in human-dominated landscapes, especially those newly restored, require close monitoring and careful intervention (e.g., through biomass manipulation), especially when successional trajectories are not moving as intended. Biomass management frequently uses prescribed burning, grazing, harvesting, and thinning to maintain overall ecosystem health and sustainability. Thus, the resulting optimal, balanced, and relatively stable ecological conditions could more effectively limit the spread and establishment of invasive species. Here we review the literature (especially within the last decade) on ecological approaches that involve biodiversity, biomass, and productivity, three key community/ecosystem variables that reciprocally influence one another. We focus on the common and most feasible ecological practices that can aid in resisting new invasions and/or suppressing the dominance of existing invasive species. We contend that, because of the strong influences from neighboring areas (i.e., as exotic species pools), local restoration and management efforts in the future need to consider the regional context and projected climate changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/inp.2018.29","usgsCitation":"Guo, Q., Brockway, D.G., Larson, D.L., Wang, D., and Ren, H., 2018, Improving ecological restoration to curb biotic invasion - A practical guide: Invasive Plant Science and Management, v. 11, no. 4, p. 163-174, https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2018.29.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"174","ipdsId":"IP-097426","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2018.29","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Qinfeng","contributorId":214263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Qinfeng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brockway, Dale G.","contributorId":214264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brockway","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, Diane L. 0000-0001-5202-0634 dlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":2120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Diane","email":"dlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Deli","contributorId":214265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Deli","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39004,"text":"Northeast Normal University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ren, Hai","contributorId":214266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ren","given":"Hai","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70202182,"text":"70202182 - 2018 - Clarification of the term “normal material” used for standard atomic weights (IUPAC Technical Report)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-12T16:51:07","indexId":"70202182","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T16:51:02","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3207,"text":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clarification of the term “normal material” used for standard atomic weights (IUPAC Technical Report)","docAbstract":"The standard atomic weights of the elements apply to normal materials. Since 1984, the Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (Commission) has defined a normal material as:
“The material is a reasonably possible source for this element or its compounds in commerce, for industry or science; the material is not itself studied for some extraordinary anomaly and its isotopic composition has not been modified significantly in a geologically brief period.”
The term “a geologically brief period” in this definition is confusing, and confusion can be reduced by revising this definition to the following, which was accepted by the Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights at its meeting in Groningen, Netherlands in September 2017:
“Normal materials include all substances, except (1) those subjected to substantial deliberate, undisclosed, or inadvertent artificial isotopic modification, (2) extraterrestrial materials, and (3) isotopically anomalous specimens, such as natural nuclear reactor products from Oklo (Gabon) or other unique occurrences.”
Rationale
Despite a long history and growing interest in isotopic analyses of N2O, there is a lack of isotopically characterized N2O isotopic reference materials (standards) to enable normalization and reporting of isotope‐delta values. Here we report the isotopic characterization of two pure N2O gas reference materials, USGS51 and USGS52, which are now available for laboratory calibration (https://isotopes.usgs.gov/lab/referencematerials.html).
Methods
A total of 400 sealed borosilicate glass tubes of each N2O reference gas were prepared from a single gas filling of a high vacuum line. We demonstrated isotopic homogeneity via dual‐inlet isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry. Isotopic analyses of these reference materials were obtained from eight laboratories to evaluate interlaboratory variation and provide preliminary isotopic characterization of their δ15N, δ18O, δ15Nα, δ15Nβ and site preference (SP) values.
Results
The isotopic homogeneity of both USGS51 and USGS52 was demonstrated by one‐sigma standard deviations associated with the determinations of their δ15N, δ18O, δ15Nα, δ15Nβand SP values of 0.12 mUr or better. The one‐sigma standard deviations of SPmeasurements of USGS51 and USGS52 reported by eight laboratories participating in the interlaboratory comparison were 1.27 and 1.78 mUr, respectively.
Conclusions
The agreement of isotope‐delta values obtained in the interlaboratory comparison was not sufficient to provide reliable accurate isotope measurement values for USGS51 and USGS52. We propose that provisional values for the isotopic composition of USGS51 and USGS52 determined at the Tokyo Institute of Technology can be adopted for normalizing and reporting sample data until further refinements are achieved through additional calibration efforts.
Chronic exposure to arsenic (As) via drinking groundwater is a human health concern worldwide. Probabilities of elevated geogenic As concentrations in groundwater were predicted in complex, glacial aquifers in Minnesota, north‐central USA, a region that commonly has elevated As concentrations in well water. Maps of elevated As hazard were created for depths typical of drinking water supply and with well construction attributes common for domestic wells. Conventional variables describing aquifer properties and materials, position on the hydrologic landscape, and soil geochemistry were among the most influential for predicting the probability of elevated As. We also found that certain well construction attributes were influential in predicting As hazard. Smaller distances between the top of the well screen and overlying aquitard (proximity) and shorter well screen lengths were each associated with higher probabilities of elevated As. Influential predictor variables, which are either mapped across the region or are well construction attributes, are proxies in the model for measurable physical or geochemical causes of elevated As (e.g., redox condition, till or aquifer sediment chemistry, and water chemistry), which are not mapped across the region. Our setting shares some important characteristics with deltaic and other high‐As aquifers in Southeast Asia: late Quaternary age, complex layering of coarse‐ and fine‐grained materials, low‐As sediment concentrations, and geochemical controls on As mobilization. Translating three‐dimensional geologic and geochemical understanding of As mobility to quantifiable variables for modeling with powerful, flexible statistical tools could improve predictions and help identify safer groundwater supply options in the USA, Southeast Asia, and elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018WR023106","usgsCitation":"Erickson, M., Elliott, S.M., Christenson, C., and Krall, A.L., 2018, Predicting geogenic arsenic in drinking water wells in glacial aquifers, north-central USA: Accounting for depth-dependent features: Water Resources Research, v. 54, no. 12, p. 10172-10187, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023106.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"10172","endPage":"10187","ipdsId":"IP-090485","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468158,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018wr023106","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F77H1HH8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater arsenic data and ASCII grids for predicting elevated arsenic in northwestern and central Minnesota using boosted regression tree methods"},{"id":360995,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-96.0683,47.1542],[-95.1696,47.1496],[-95.1713,46.9788],[-95.1646,46.9789],[-95.1624,46.6306],[-95.1545,46.6303],[-95.1563,46.2828],[-95.1464,46.2825],[-95.147,45.9326],[-95.1391,45.9327],[-95.1384,45.5864],[-95.1319,45.5856],[-95.1322,45.4128],[-94.7635,45.414],[-94.7612,45.3272],[-94.3819,45.327],[-94.382,45.2836],[-94.2615,45.2844],[-94.2613,45.2976],[-94.2544,45.3001],[-94.2576,45.3058],[-94.2504,45.3086],[-94.1915,45.3193],[-94.1821,45.3154],[-94.1741,45.3012],[-94.161,45.3011],[-94.1373,45.3162],[-94.1046,45.3445],[-94.093,45.3487],[-94.0828,45.3702],[-94.0816,45.3862],[-94.063,45.4133],[-94.0463,45.4275],[-94.0227,45.4043],[-93.9909,45.4017],[-93.9557,45.378],[-93.946,45.3849],[-93.9194,45.3836],[-93.9115,45.3731],[-93.894,45.365],[-93.8815,45.3476],[-93.8342,45.3372],[-93.8062,45.3145],[-93.7614,45.2972],[-93.7322,45.3027],[-93.7134,45.2964],[-93.6843,45.3046],[-93.6726,45.2964],[-93.6065,45.2929],[-93.5728,45.2929],[-93.5683,45.2988],[-93.5547,45.2824],[-93.5534,45.2691],[-93.5404,45.2563],[-93.4847,45.2257],[-93.4252,45.2152],[-93.4142,45.2001],[-93.3579,45.1745],[-93.3399,45.1576],[-93.3024,45.1388],[-93.2915,45.1155],[-93.2786,45.1036],[-93.2814,45.0374],[-93.2059,45.0373],[-93.2058,44.9172],[-93.1955,44.904],[-93.1704,44.8975],[-93.2229,44.8315],[-93.2596,44.8096],[-93.2802,44.8078],[-93.3086,44.7942],[-93.3285,44.791],[-93.3261,44.7176],[-93.3203,44.7176],[-93.3193,44.6332],[-93.2782,44.6326],[-93.2798,44.546],[-93.5259,44.5466],[-93.5251,44.1983],[-93.768,44.1971],[-93.7679,43.85],[-94.3705,43.8501],[-94.3693,44.1098],[-95.1041,44.1089],[-95.0992,44.1964],[-95.5921,44.1964],[-95.5938,44.5434],[-95.3567,44.5437],[-95.3584,44.6993],[-95.3962,44.7165],[-95.3951,44.7248],[-95.4049,44.7315],[-95.4165,44.7322],[-95.4374,44.7438],[-95.4521,44.7404],[-95.4699,44.7543],[-95.4789,44.7532],[-95.4816,44.891],[-95.2471,44.8925],[-95.2456,45.1537],[-95.2471,45.2382],[-95.2549,45.2381],[-95.2549,45.4122],[-96.2412,45.4136],[-96.2425,45.5864],[-96.8363,45.5858],[-96.8528,45.6033],[-96.8484,45.6358],[-96.8303,45.6567],[-96.7797,45.6768],[-96.7315,45.7107],[-96.6674,45.735],[-96.6492,45.7522],[-96.6313,45.783],[-96.6021,45.8032],[-96.5818,45.826],[-96.5731,45.8515],[-96.5644,45.9291],[-96.5578,45.9462],[-96.569,45.9757],[-96.5772,46.0308],[-96.5552,46.0731],[-96.5688,46.1333],[-96.5785,46.1478],[-96.5763,46.1704],[-96.5883,46.1795],[-96.583,46.1928],[-96.5882,46.1944],[-96.5857,46.2085],[-96.5992,46.2302],[-96.5971,46.2432],[-96.585,46.2484],[-96.5949,46.2513],[-96.6031,46.2704],[-96.5968,46.2907],[-96.6042,46.2937],[-96.5983,46.3134],[-96.6022,46.3298],[-96.6279,46.351],[-96.646,46.3528],[-96.6453,46.3614],[-96.6682,46.3794],[-96.6683,46.3901],[-96.6806,46.4051],[-96.6955,46.4133],[-96.6945,46.4205],[-96.7037,46.4189],[-96.7011,46.4268],[-96.7059,46.4356],[-96.7184,46.4369],[-96.7194,46.4411],[-96.714,46.4416],[-96.7209,46.4474],[-96.7145,46.4613],[-96.7215,46.4729],[-96.7376,46.4801],[-96.7337,46.4925],[-96.7411,46.5021],[-96.7337,46.5046],[-96.7429,46.5198],[-96.7463,46.5339],[-96.7418,46.5374],[-96.7487,46.543],[-96.7438,46.5509],[-96.7504,46.5607],[-96.7459,46.5669],[-96.7517,46.5774],[-96.7563,46.5763],[-96.7519,46.581],[-96.7599,46.5831],[-96.7535,46.5873],[-96.762,46.5898],[-96.7585,46.5932],[-96.7639,46.5996],[-96.7745,46.5975],[-96.7717,46.6062],[-96.7763,46.6075],[-96.779,46.6207],[-96.7882,46.6201],[-96.7817,46.623],[-96.7891,46.6245],[-96.7859,46.6314],[-96.7954,46.6309],[-96.7896,46.6419],[-96.7967,46.6451],[-96.7936,46.6487],[-96.8017,46.6582],[-96.793,46.6764],[-96.7958,46.6791],[-96.7878,46.686],[-96.7917,46.6936],[-96.7863,46.7009],[-96.7905,46.7032],[-96.7823,46.7282],[-96.7857,46.7555],[-96.7814,46.7616],[-96.7899,46.7742],[-96.786,46.7757],[-96.7922,46.7776],[-96.7879,46.7839],[-96.7976,46.794],[-96.8012,46.8058],[-96.7974,46.809],[-96.8018,46.8125],[-96.7915,46.8248],[-96.7832,46.8258],[-96.793,46.8345],[-96.7755,46.8413],[-96.7766,46.8512],[-96.7844,46.854],[-96.7789,46.8585],[-96.784,46.8685],[-96.7792,46.8773],[-96.7667,46.8804],[-96.7746,46.8969],[-96.7625,46.9149],[-96.7565,46.9155],[-96.7615,46.9235],[-96.756,46.9249],[-96.7624,46.9283],[-96.7595,46.9356],[-96.781,46.9268],[-96.7918,46.9303],[-96.7912,46.9445],[-96.8035,46.9484],[-96.7987,46.9692],[-96.8062,46.9653],[-96.8183,46.9682],[-96.8213,47.0012],[-96.8383,47.0095],[-96.8282,47.0238],[-96.8184,47.0282],[-96.8257,47.0325],[-96.8119,47.0382],[-96.8269,47.0481],[-96.8207,47.055],[-96.8261,47.0605],[-96.8206,47.0669],[-96.8234,47.0742],[-96.8285,47.0741],[-96.8177,47.0872],[-96.8265,47.0895],[-96.8169,47.1062],[-96.8249,47.1184],[-96.8354,47.1217],[-96.823,47.1289],[-96.8364,47.1519],[-96.0683,47.1542]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Becker\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","volume":"54","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, Melinda L. 0000-0002-1117-2866 merickso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-2866","contributorId":3671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Melinda L.","email":"merickso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Sarah M. 0000-0002-1414-3024 selliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-3024","contributorId":1472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Sarah","email":"selliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christenson, Catherine 0000-0001-5944-2186 cchristenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5944-2186","contributorId":200263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Catherine","email":"cchristenson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krall, Aliesha L. 0000-0003-2521-5043 adiekoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2521-5043","contributorId":176545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krall","given":"Aliesha","email":"adiekoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70201995,"text":"70201995 - 2018 - Effects of ocean acidification on salinity tolerance and seawater growth of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T16:27:44","indexId":"70201995","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T16:27:36","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of ocean acidification on salinity tolerance and seawater growth of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts","title":"Effects of ocean acidification on salinity tolerance and seawater growth of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts","docAbstract":"Human activity has resulted in increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), which will result in reduced pH and higher levels of CO2 in the ocean, a process known as ocean acidification. Understanding the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on fishes will be important to predicting and mitigating its consequences. Anadromous species such as salmonids may be especially at risk because of their rapid movements between fresh water and seawater, which could minimize their ability to acclimate. In the present study, we examine the effect of future OA on the salinity tolerance and early seawater growth of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts. Exposure to 610 and 1010 μatm CO2 did not alter salinity tolerance but did result in slightly lower plasma chloride levels in smolts exposed to seawater compared with controls (390 μatm). Gill Na+–K+‐ATPase activity, plasma cortisol, glucose and haematocrit after seawater exposure were not altered by elevated CO2. Growth rate in the first 2 weeks of seawater exposure was greater at 1010 μatm CO2than under control conditions. This study of the effects of OA on S. salar during the transition from fresh water to seawater indicates that elevated CO2 is not likely to affect osmoregulation negatively and may improve early growth in seawater.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfb.13656","usgsCitation":"McCormick, S.D., and Regish, A.M., 2018, Effects of ocean acidification on salinity tolerance and seawater growth of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 93, no. 3, p. 560-566, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13656.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"560","endPage":"566","ipdsId":"IP-092140","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13656","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":360994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Regish, Amy M. 0000-0003-4747-4265 aregish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4747-4265","contributorId":5415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regish","given":"Amy","email":"aregish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202585,"text":"70202585 - 2018 - Taxonomy: A history of controversy and uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-10T16:12:14","indexId":"70202585","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T16:08:20","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Taxonomy: A history of controversy and uncertainty","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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Proportionally more species in the subfamily Geoemydinae (Asian members of the family Geoemydidae) are imperiled (74.2% CR+EN, 79.0% Threatened, 3.89 ATL) compared to other taxonomic groupings, but the families Podocnemididae, Testudinidae, and Trionychidae and the superfamily Chelonioidea (marine turtles of the families Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae) also have high percentages of imperiled species and ATLs (42.9–50.0% CR+EN, 73.8–100.0% Threatened, 3.44–4.06 ATL). The subfamily Rhinoclemmydinae (Neotropical turtles of the family Geoemydidae) and the families Kinosternidae and Pelomedusidae have the lowest percentages of imperiled species and ATLs (0%–7.4% CR+EN, 7.4%–13.3% Threatened, 1.65–1.87 ATL). Turtles from Asia have the highest percentages of imperiled species (75.0% CR+EN, 83.0% Threatened, 3.98 ATL), significantly higher than predicted based on the regional species richness, due to much higher levels of exploitation in that geographic region. The family Testudinidae has the highest ATL (4.06) of all Testudines due to the extinction of several species of giant tortoises from Indian and Pacific Ocean islands since 1500 CE. The family Testudinidae also has an ATL higher than all other larger polytypic families (≥ 5 species) of Reptilia or Amphibia. The order Testudines is, on average, more imperiled than all other larger orders (≥ 20 species) of Reptilia, Amphibia, Mammalia, or Aves, but has percentages of CR+EN and Threatened species and an ATL (2.96) similar to those of Primates and Caudata (salamanders).
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The objective of this binational application of the SPARROW model is to better understand and quantify the sources of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) that contribute to regional water-quality issues like algal blooms and eutrophication in Lake Erie and other parts of the Great Lakes, as well as Lake of the Woods. Led by the IJC, a team of researchers from the National Research Council of Canada – Ocean, Coastal and River Engineering Research Centre, USGS, and IJC are extending the SPARROW modelling work previously completed for the Red-Assiniboine basin and the U.S. portions of the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy river basins to cover all of the Great Lakes, Rainy River – Lake of the Woods and RedAssiniboine basins. The current effort is termed the Midcontinent SPARROW modelling study.
This report describes the data used to develop the Midcontinent SPARROW models, specifically the sources of original data, assembling the data, and the processing and harmonization required between the U.S. and Canada data needed to produce these models. Details provided include the:
The majority of the geospatial data collection and processing was required for Canadian datasets because many of the U.S. datasets were already assembled for previous SPARROW model applications in the U.S. The task of harmonizing data between the U.S. and Canada was important to ensure consistency of the datasets used in the models. The harmonized digital stream network, delineated catchments and input data for each catchment (i.e., source and delivery variables), created for the Midcontinent SPARROW models, are available for download at url: https://doi.org/10.4224/300.0001.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council Canada","doi":"10.4224/23004810","usgsCitation":"Vouk, I., Burcher, R.S., Johnston, C.M., Jenkinson, R.W., Saad, D.A., Gaiot, J.S., Benoy, G.A., Robertson, D.M., and Laitta, M., 2018, Geospatial data for developing nutrient SPARROW models for the Midcontinental region of Canada and the United States: Technical Report OCRE-TR-2018-014, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.4224/23004810.","productDescription":"57 p.","ipdsId":"IP-096418","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vouk, Ivana 0000-0002-9134-6933","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9134-6933","contributorId":211795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vouk","given":"Ivana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38321,"text":"National Research Council Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burcher, Richard S.","contributorId":211796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burcher","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":38321,"text":"National Research Council Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, Craig M. cmjohnst@usgs.gov","contributorId":1814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Craig","email":"cmjohnst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenkinson, R. Wayne","contributorId":211797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenkinson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[{"id":38322,"text":"International Joint Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saad, David A. 0000-0001-6559-6181 dasaad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6559-6181","contributorId":204667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gaiot, John S.","contributorId":211798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaiot","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16762,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Benoy, Glenn A. 0000-0001-6530-7220","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6530-7220","contributorId":172405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benoy","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13361,"text":"International Joint Commission, Washington DC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":204668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Laitta, Michael","contributorId":212258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laitta","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":38322,"text":"International Joint Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70202232,"text":"70202232 - 2018 - Elk research efforts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-21T13:54:04","indexId":"70202232","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T13:53:59","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Elk research efforts","docAbstract":"Presented the history of the NC elk herd and summarized early research to determine the population dispersal and mortality rates, assess habitat use, and evaluate elk’s impact on the national park to estimate the probability of success in establishing a permanent elk population in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP).
Gave an overview of a fiveyear elk population study beginning October 2018
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"FHWA Eco-Logical Wildlife Crossing Workshop and Peer Exchange","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.D., 2018, Elk research efforts, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"6","ipdsId":"IP-104060","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":361279,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.environment.fhwa.dot.gov/env_initiatives/eco-logical/documents/NC_TN_Wildlife_Crossing_Workshop.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70201868,"text":"70201868 - 2018 - Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T13:34:43","indexId":"70201868","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T13:34:38","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Water","docAbstract":"Ensuring a reliable supply of clean freshwater to individuals, communities, and ecosystems, together with effective management of floods and droughts, is the foundation of human and ecological health. The water sector is also central to the economy and contributes significantly to the resilience of many other sectors, including agriculture, energy, urban environments, and industry.
Water systems face considerable risk, even without anticipated future climate changes. Limited surface water storage, as well as a limited ability to make use of long-term drought forecasts and to trade water across uses and basins, has led to a significant depletion of aquifers in many regions in the United States. Across the Nation, much of the critical water and wastewater infrastructure is nearing the end of its useful life. To date, no comprehensive assessment exists of the climate-related vulnerability of U.S. water infrastructure (including dams, levees, aqueducts, sewers, and water and wastewater distribution and treatment systems), the potential resulting damages, or the cost of reconstruction and recovery. Paleoclimate information (reconstructions of past climate derived from ice cores or tree rings) shows that over the last 500 years, North America has experienced pronounced wet/dry regime shifts that sometimes persisted for decades. Because such protracted exposures to extreme floods or droughts in different parts of the country are extraordinary compared to events experienced in the 20th century, they are not yet incorporated in water management principles and practice. Anticipated future climate change will exacerbate this risk in many regions.
A central challenge to water planning and management is learning to plan for plausible future climate conditions that are wider in range than those experienced in the 20th century. Doing so requires approaches that evaluate plans over many possible futures instead of just one, incorporate real-time monitoring and forecast products to better manage extremes when they occur, and update policies and engineering principles with the best available geoscience-based understanding of planetary change. While this represents a break from historical practice, recent examples of adaptation responses undertaken by large water management agencies, including major metropolitan water utilities and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, are promising.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Global Change Research Program","doi":"10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH3","usgsCitation":"Lall, U., Johnson, T.M., Colohan, P., AghaKouchak, A., Brown, C., McCabe, G.J., Pulwarty, R., and Arumugam, S., 2018, Water, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH3.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"173","ipdsId":"IP-103820","costCenters":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reidmiller, David 0000-0001-9321-7548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-7548","contributorId":212241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidmiller","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755874,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avery, C. 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C.","contributorId":212246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755880,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Lall, Upmanu 0000-0003-0529-8128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-8128","contributorId":212142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lall","given":"Upmanu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Thomas M.","contributorId":174200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16984,"text":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colohan, Peter","contributorId":212143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colohan","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"AghaKouchak, Amir","contributorId":140736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"AghaKouchak","given":"Amir","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13550,"text":"Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California Irvine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Casey L.","contributorId":177116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Casey L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":200854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pulwarty, Roger","contributorId":212144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pulwarty","given":"Roger","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Arumugam, Sankar","contributorId":212145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arumugam","given":"Sankar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70202365,"text":"70202365 - 2018 - Informing our successors: What botanical information for Santa Cruz Island will researchers and conservation managers in the century ahead need the most?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-01T13:32:35","indexId":"70202365","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T13:32:29","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Informing our successors: What botanical information for Santa Cruz Island will researchers and conservation managers in the century ahead need the most?","docAbstract":"Climate changes are predicted to drive changes in plant species composition and vegetation cover around the world. Preserved specimens and other botanical information that we gather today—a period future practitioners may look back on as an early stage of modern anthropogenic climate change—will be of value to conservation managers and conservation biologists in the decades and centuries ahead. Here, we present suggestions for the systematic collection, long-term curation (in museums, herbaria, and other research institutions), and maintenance of plant specimens, along with associated data and analyses on the plants and vegetation present today and in the past. The primary aim of this systematic survey is to provide information of high value to conservation researchers and managers both in the near term (the next several years) and through the century to come. Such a systematic survey would build on a strong foundation of research and adaptive management on the island. It would fill gaps in less well-studied groups of organisms and identify environmental, ecological, and cultural factors related to current patterns of distribution. It would also archive previously collected data, photographs, and other materials which would otherwise gradually degrade and become inaccessible. As a case study, we use Santa Cruz Island, California, which is managed for conservation. We are confident that the same approach may be applied to other lands and waters around the world. We argue that there is a particular need to collect and archive herbarium specimens and seeds from today's populations, activities largely overlooked in recent decades. We encourage conservation researchers and managers to consider what information will be most important for future managers and to help launch studies, monitoring programs, and collections to prepare their successors for success.
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/064.078.0427","usgsCitation":"Randall, J.M., McEachern, K., Knapp, J., Power, P., Junak, S., Gill, K., Knapp, D., and Guilliams, M., 2018, Informing our successors: What botanical information for Santa Cruz Island will researchers and conservation managers in the century ahead need the most?: Western North American Naturalist, v. 78, no. 4, p. 888-901, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.078.0427.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"888","endPage":"901","ipdsId":"IP-087994","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361651,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randall, John M.","contributorId":210310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randall","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEachern, Kathryn 0000-0003-2631-8247 kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-8247","contributorId":146324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":758013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knapp, John","contributorId":213552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Power, Paula","contributorId":213553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Power","given":"Paula","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Junak, Steve","contributorId":213554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Junak","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38789,"text":"Santa Barbara Botanic Garden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gill, Kristina","contributorId":213555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"Kristina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38789,"text":"Santa Barbara Botanic Garden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Knapp, Denise","contributorId":213556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"Denise","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38789,"text":"Santa Barbara Botanic Garden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Guilliams, Matt","contributorId":213557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guilliams","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38789,"text":"Santa Barbara Botanic Garden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70201869,"text":"70201869 - 2018 - Coastal effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T13:30:46","indexId":"70201869","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T13:30:41","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Coastal effects","docAbstract":"The Coasts chapter of the Third National Climate Assessment, published in 2014, focused on coastal lifelines at risk, economic disruption, uneven social vulnerability, and vulnerable ecosystems. This Coastal Effects chapter of the Fourth National Climate Assessment updates those themes, with a focus on integrating the socioeconomic and environmental impacts and consequences of a changing climate. Specifically, the chapter builds on the threat of rising sea levels exacerbating tidal and storm surge flooding, the state of coastal ecosystems, and the treatment of social vulnerability by introducing the implications for social equity.
U.S. coasts are dynamic environments and economically vibrant places to live and work. As of 2013, coastal shoreline counties were home to 133.2 million people, or 42% of the population. The coasts are economic engines that support jobs in defense, fishing, transportation, and tourism industries; contribute substantially to the U.S. gross domestic product; and serve as hubs of commerce, with seaports connecting the country with global trading partners. Coasts are home to diverse ecosystems such as beaches, intertidal zones, reefs, seagrasses, salt marshes, estuaries, and deltas that support a range of important services including fisheries, recreation, and coastal storm protection. U.S. coasts span three oceans, as well as the Gulf of Mexico, the Great Lakes, and Pacific and Caribbean islands.
The social, economic, and environmental systems along the coasts are being affected by climate change. Threats from sea level rise (SLR) are exacerbated by dynamic processes such as high tide and storm surge flooding (Ch. 19: Southeast, KM 2), erosion (Ch. 26: Alaska, KM 2), waves and their effects, saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers and elevated groundwater tables (Ch. 27: Hawaiʻi & Pacific Islands, KM 1; Ch. 3: Water, KM 1), local rainfall (Ch. 3: Water, KM 1), river runoff (Ch. 3: Water, KM 1), increasing water and surface air temperatures (Ch. 9: Oceans, KM 3), and ocean acidification (see Ch. 2: Climate, KM 3 and Ch. 9: Oceans, KM 1, 2, and 3 for more information on ocean acidification, hypoxia, and ocean warming).
Although storms, floods, and erosion have always been hazards, in combination with rising sea levels they now threaten approximately $1 trillion in national wealth held in coastal real estate and the continued viability of coastal communities that depend on coastal water, land, and other resources for economic health and cultural integrity (Ch. 15: Tribes, KM 1 and 2).
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Global Change Research Program","doi":"10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH8","usgsCitation":"Fleming, E., Payne, J., Sweet, W.V., Craghan, M., Haines, J.W., Finzi Hart, J., Stiller, H., and Sutton-Grier, A., 2018, Coastal effects, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH8.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"352","ipdsId":"IP-103835","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reidmiller, David 0000-0001-9321-7548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-7548","contributorId":212241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidmiller","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755867,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avery, C. 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