{"pageNumber":"794","pageRowStart":"19825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46706,"records":[{"id":70035963,"text":"70035963 - 2009 - Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035963","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake","docAbstract":"The disastrous 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China took the local population as well as scientists by surprise. Although the Longmen Shan fault zonewhich includes the fault segments along which this earthquake nucleatedwas well known, geologic and geodetic data indicate relatively low (&lt;3 mm yr <sup>-1</sup>) deformation rates. Here we invert Global Positioning System and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data to infer fault geometry and slip distribution associated with the earthquake. Our analysis shows that the geometry of the fault changes along its length: in the southwest, the fault plane dips moderately to the northwest but becomes nearly vertical in the northeast. Associated with this is a change in the motion along the fault from predominantly thrusting to strike-slip. Peak slip along the fault occurs at the intersections of fault segments located near the towns of Yingxiu, Beichuan and Nanba, where fatalities and damage were concentrated. We suggest that these locations represent barriers that failed in a single event, enabling the rupture to cascade through several fault segments and cause a major moment magnitude (M<sub>w</sub>) 7.9 earthquake. Using coseismic slip distribution and geodetic and geological slip rates, we estimate that the failure of barriers and rupture along multiple segments takes place approximately once in 4,000 years. ?? 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/ngeo636","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Shen, Z., Sun, J., Zhang, P., Wan, Y., Wang, M., Burgmann, R., Zeng, Y., Gan, W., Liao, H., and Wang, Q., 2009, Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: Nature Geoscience, v. 2, no. 10, p. 718-724, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo636.","startPage":"718","endPage":"724","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216476,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo636"},{"id":244347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b914ae4b08c986b31980b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shen, Z.-K.","contributorId":97262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shen","given":"Z.-K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sun, Jielun","contributorId":33443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Jielun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, P.","contributorId":92822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wan, Y.","contributorId":51519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, M.","contributorId":98810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zeng, Y.","contributorId":23759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gan, Weijun","contributorId":33083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gan","given":"Weijun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Liao, H.","contributorId":42752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liao","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wang, Q.","contributorId":83761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70035965,"text":"70035965 - 2009 - Quantifying periglacial erosion: Insights on a glacial sediment budget, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035965","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying periglacial erosion: Insights on a glacial sediment budget, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska","docAbstract":"Glacial erosion rates are estimated to be among the highest in the world. Few studies have attempted, however, to quantify the flux of sediment from the periglacial landscape to a glacier. Here, erosion rates from the nonglacial landscape above the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska are presented and compare with an 8-yr record of proglacial suspended sediment yield. Non-glacial lowering rates range from 1??8 ?? 0??5 mm yr<sup>-1</sup> to 8??5 ?? 3??4 mm yr<sup>-1</sup> from estimates of rock fall and debris-flow fan volumes. An average erosion rate of 0??08 ?? 0??04 mm yr<sup>-1</sup> from eight convex-up ridge crests was determined using in situ produced cosmogenic <sup>10</sup>Be. Extrapolating these rates, based on landscape morphometry, to the Matanuska basin (58% ice-cover), it was found that nonglacial processes account for an annual sediment flux of 2??3 ?? 1??0 ?? 10<sup>6</sup> t. Suspended sediment data for 8 years and an assumed bedload to estimate the annual sediment yield at the Matanuska terminus to be 2??9 ?? 1??0 ?? 10<sup>6</sup> t, corresponding to an erosion rate of 1??8 ?? 0??6 mm yr<sup>-1</sup>: nonglacial sources therefore account for 80 ?? 45% of the proglacial yield. A similar set of analyses were used for a small tributary sub-basin (32% ice-cover) to determine an erosion rate of 12??1 ?? 6??9 mm yr<sup>-1</sup>, based on proglacial sediment yield, with the nonglacial sediment flux equal to 10 ?? 7% of the proglacial yield. It is suggested that erosion rates by nonglacial processes are similar to inferred subglacial rates, such that the ice-free regions of a glaciated landscape contribute significantly to the glacial sediment budget. The similar magnitude of nonglacial and glacial rates implies that partially glaciated landscapes will respond rapidly to changes in climate and base level through a rapid nonglacial response to glacially driven incision. ?? 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.1885","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"O’Farrell, C.R., Heimsath, A., Lawson, D.E., Jorgensen, L., Evenson, E., Larson, G., and Denner, J., 2009, Quantifying periglacial erosion: Insights on a glacial sediment budget, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 34, no. 15, p. 2008-2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1885.","startPage":"2008","endPage":"2022","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216503,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1885"},{"id":244378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91d5e4b0c8380cd804b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Farrell, C. R.","contributorId":48791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Farrell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heimsath, A.M.","contributorId":52781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimsath","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawson, D. E.","contributorId":9343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgensen, L.M.","contributorId":15434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evenson, E.B.","contributorId":79628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, G.","contributorId":41585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Denner, J.","contributorId":31215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denner","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035729,"text":"70035729 - 2009 - Improved constraints on the estimated size and volatile content of the Mount St. Helens magma system from the 2004-2008 history of dome growth and deformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035729","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved constraints on the estimated size and volatile content of the Mount St. Helens magma system from the 2004-2008 history of dome growth and deformation","docAbstract":"The history of dome growth and geodetic deflation during the 2004-2008 Mount St. Helens eruption can be fit to theoretical curves with parameters such as reservoir volume, bubble content, initial overpressure, and magma rheology, here assumed to be Newtonian viscous, with or without a solid plug in the conduit center. Data from 2004-2008 are consistent with eruption from a 10-25 km<sup>3</sup> reservoir containing 0.5-2% bubbles, an initial overpressure of 10-20 MPa, and no significant, sustained recharge. During the eruption we used curve fits to project the eruption's final duration and volume. Early projections predicted a final volume only about half of the actual value; but projections increased with each measurement, implying a temporal increase in reservoir volume or compressibility. A simple interpretation is that early effusion was driven by a 5-10 km<sup>3</sup>, integrated core of fluid magma. This core expanded with time through creep of semi-solid magma and host rock. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2009GL039863","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L., Lisowski, M., Roeloffs, E., and Beeler, N., 2009, Improved constraints on the estimated size and volatile content of the Mount St. Helens magma system from the 2004-2008 history of dome growth and deformation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 36, no. 20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL039863.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476316,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl039863","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216249,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GL039863"},{"id":244110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3953e4b0c8380cd618a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, L.G.","contributorId":80313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roeloffs, E.","contributorId":21680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beeler, N.","contributorId":69753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035182,"text":"70035182 - 2009 - Spatial habitat use patterns of sea otters in coastal washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035182","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial habitat use patterns of sea otters in coastal washington","docAbstract":"Sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) movements, home range, and activity budgets were described from data collected during very-high-frequency radiotelemetry studies of 75 individuals on the outer coast of Washington State between 1992 and 1999. Sea otters were located at least once per week from 22 accessible sites along the coast. Over the 7-year study period, range expansion occurred from the core range north and east into the Strait of Juan de Fuca (SJF) as well as southward on the outer coast. Forty-three percent of the sea otters moved into the SJF at least once, most often in winter, using habitat that had not been occupied by sea otters since their extirpation 100 years ago. All sea otters spent portions of their time in the vicinity of Cape Alava, and many animals demonstrated consistent periodic seasonal shifts between specific portions of the coastline over several years. Ninety-five percent annual linear home ranges differed between sex and age classes. Adult males used the largest amount of coastline (50 km ?? 9 5D) and subadult females used the least (24 ?? 9 km). Both adult males and females demonstrated high seasonal periodicity in range use in summer and winter. Twenty-four-hour time budgets in the core portion of the range revealed on average sea otters spent 41% ?? 14% SD of the time foraging and 45% ?? 13% of the time resting (age and sex classes pooled). Adult and subadult female sea otters were most frequently found resting and foraging close to shore (< 1,000 m) and in shallow water (0-10 m), whereas adult and subadult males rested and foraged > 1,000 m offshore and at depths between 10 and 30 m. Given current rates of population growth and observed mobility, sea otters in Washington have high potential for range expansion into unoccupied habitat such as Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay, the SJF, or along Vancouver Island. ?? 2009 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/08-MAMM-A-338.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Laidre, K., Jameson, R., Gurarie, E., Jeffries, S., and Allen, H., 2009, Spatial habitat use patterns of sea otters in coastal washington: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 90, no. 4, p. 906-917, https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-338.1.","startPage":"906","endPage":"917","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476182,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-338.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215422,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-338.1"},{"id":243228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b947fe4b08c986b31ab16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laidre, K.L.","contributorId":88319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laidre","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jameson, R.J.","contributorId":56581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gurarie, E.","contributorId":103487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurarie","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jeffries, S.J.","contributorId":26262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffries","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, H.","contributorId":59209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035181,"text":"70035181 - 2009 - A multiscale analysis of coral reef topographic complexity using lidar-derived bathymetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T11:13:31.339903","indexId":"70035181","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multiscale analysis of coral reef topographic complexity using lidar-derived bathymetry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Coral reefs represent one of the most irregular substrates in the marine environment. This roughness or topographic complexity is an important structural characteristic of reef habitats that affects a number of ecological and environmental attributes, including species diversity and water circulation. Little is known about the range of topographic complexity exhibited within a reef or between different reef systems. The objective of this study was to quantify topographic complexity for a 5-km x 5-km reefscape along the northern Florida Keys reef tract, over spatial scales ranging from meters to hundreds of meters. The underlying dataset was a 1-m spatial resolution, digital elevation model constructed from lidar measurements. Topographic complexity was quantified using a fractal algorithm, which provided a multi-scale characterization of reef roughness. The computed fractal dimensions (</span><i>D</i><span>) are a measure of substrate irregularity and are bounded between values of 2 and 3. Spatial patterns in&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;were positively correlated with known reef zonation in the area. Landward regions of the study site contain relatively smooth (</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;≈ 2.35) flat-topped patch reefs, which give way to rougher (</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;≈ 2.5), deep, knoll-shaped patch reefs. The seaward boundary contains a mixture of substrate features, including discontinuous shelf-edge reefs, and exhibits a corresponding range of roughness values (2.28 ≤&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><span>&nbsp;≤ 2.61).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.2112/SI53-002.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Zawada, D., and Brock, J.C., 2009, A multiscale analysis of coral reef topographic complexity using lidar-derived bathymetry: Journal of Coastal Research, no. Special issue 53, p. 6-15, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI53-002.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243227,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"Special issue 53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48fe4b0c8380cd46715","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zawada, D.G.","contributorId":8938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zawada","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, J. C.","contributorId":36095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176176,"text":"70176176 - 2009 - Integrating terrestrial LiDAR and stereo photogrammetry to map the Tolay lakebed in northern San Francisco Bay","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70176176,"text":"70176176 - 2009 - Integrating terrestrial LiDAR and stereo photogrammetry to map the Tolay lakebed in northern San Francisco Bay","indexId":"70176176","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Integrating terrestrial LiDAR and stereo photogrammetry to map the Tolay lakebed in northern San Francisco Bay"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T16:36:30.322055","indexId":"70176176","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integrating terrestrial LiDAR and stereo photogrammetry to map the Tolay lakebed in northern San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>The Tolay Creek Watershed drains approximately 3,520 ha along the northern edge of San Francisco Bay. Surrounded by a mosaic of open space conservation easements and public wildlife areas, it is one of the only watersheds in this urbanized estuary that is protected from its headwaters to the bay. Tolay Lake is a seasonal, spring-fed lake found in the upper watershed that historically extended over 120 ha. Although the lakebed was farmed since the early 1860s, the majority of the lakebed was recently acquired by the Sonoma County Regional Parks Department to restore its natural habitat values. As part of the restoration planning process, we produced a digital elevation model (DEM) of the historic extent of Tolay Lake by integrating terrestrial LiDAR (light detection and ranging) and stereo photogrammetry datasets, and real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS) surveys. We integrated the data, generated a DEM of the lakebed and upland areas, and analyzed errors. The accuracy of the composite DEM was verified using spot elevations obtained from the RTK GPS. Thus, we found that by combining photogrammetry, terrestrial LiDAR, and RTK GPS, we created an accurate baseline elevation map to use in watershed restoration planning and design.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Third interagency conference on research in the watersheds","conferenceDate":"September 8-11, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Woo, I., Storesund, R., Takekawa, J.Y., Gardiner, R.J., and Ehret, S., 2009, Integrating terrestrial LiDAR and stereo photogrammetry to map the Tolay lakebed in northern San Francisco Bay, <i>in</i> Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation, Estes Park, CO, September 8-11, 2008, p. 279-284.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"284","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010725","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328098,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5049/pdf/Woo.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"northern San Francisco Bay, Tolay Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.52725601196288,\n              38.1975848123397\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51,\n              38.1975848123397\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51,\n              38.21748069161304\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.52725601196288,\n              38.21748069161304\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.52725601196288,\n              38.1975848123397\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7ffb4e4b0f2f0cebfc27e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woo, Isa 0000-0002-8447-9236 iwoo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8447-9236","contributorId":2524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woo","given":"Isa","email":"iwoo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storesund, Rune Rune","contributorId":121326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storesund","given":"Rune","suffix":"Rune","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gardiner, Rachel J.","contributorId":174164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardiner","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ehret, Steve Steve","contributorId":121092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehret","given":"Steve","suffix":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035970,"text":"70035970 - 2009 - Modeling misidentification errors in capture-recapture studies using photographic identification of evolving marks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035970","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling misidentification errors in capture-recapture studies using photographic identification of evolving marks","docAbstract":"Misidentification of animals is potentially important when naturally existing features (natural tags) are used to identify individual animals in a capture-recapture study. Photographic identification (photoID) typically uses photographic images of animals' naturally existing features as tags (photographic tags) and is subject to two main causes of identification errors: those related to quality of photographs (non-evolving natural tags) and those related to changes in natural marks (evolving natural tags). The conventional methods for analysis of capture-recapture data do not account for identification errors, and to do so requires a detailed understanding of the misidentification mechanism. Focusing on the situation where errors are due to evolving natural tags, we propose a misidentification mechanism and outline a framework for modeling the effect of misidentification in closed population studies. We introduce methods for estimating population size based on this model. Using a simulation study, we show that conventional estimators can seriously overestimate population size when errors due to misidentification are ignored, and that, in comparison, our new estimators have better properties except in cases with low capture probabilities (<0.2) or low misidentification rates (<2.5%). ?? 2009 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-0304.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Yoshizaki, J., Pollock, K.H., Brownie, C., and Webster, R., 2009, Modeling misidentification errors in capture-recapture studies using photographic identification of evolving marks: Ecology, v. 90, no. 1, p. 3-9, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0304.1.","startPage":"3","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216120,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-0304.1"},{"id":243967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c0be4b0c8380cd6f9ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yoshizaki, J.","contributorId":79596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshizaki","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownie, C.","contributorId":43463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownie","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webster, R.A.","contributorId":98138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035159,"text":"70035159 - 2009 - Extraction of lidar-based dune-crest elevations for use in examining the vulnerability of beaches to inundation during hurricanes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T11:10:10.775401","indexId":"70035159","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extraction of lidar-based dune-crest elevations for use in examining the vulnerability of beaches to inundation during hurricanes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The morphology of coastal sand dunes plays an important role in determining how a beach will respond to a hurricane. Accurate measurements of dune height and position are essential for assessing the vulnerability of beaches to extreme coastal change during future landfalls. Lidar topographic surveys provide rapid, accurate, high-resolution datasets for identifying the location, position, and morphology of coastal sand dunes over large stretches of coast. An algorithm has been developed for identification of the crest of the most seaward sand dune that defines the landward limit of the beach system. Based on changes in beach slope along cross-shore transects of lidar data, dune elevation and location can automatically be extracted every few meters along the coastline. Dune elevations in conjunction with storm-induced water levels can be used to predict the type of coastal response (e.g., beach erosion, dune erosion, overwash, or inundation) that may be expected during hurricane landfall. The vulnerability of the beach system at Fire Island National Seashore in New York to the most extreme of these changes, inundation, is assessed by comparing lidar-derived dune elevations to modeled wave setup and storm surge height. The vulnerability of the beach system to inundation during landfall of a Category 3 hurricane is shown to be spatially variable because of longshore variations in dune height (mean elevation = 5.44 m, standard deviation = 1.32 m). Hurricane-induced mean water levels exceed dune elevations along 70% of the coastal park, making these locations more vulnerable to inundation during a Category 3 storm.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.2112/SI53-007.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Stockdon, H., Doran, K., and Sallenger, A.H., 2009, Extraction of lidar-based dune-crest elevations for use in examining the vulnerability of beaches to inundation during hurricanes: Journal of Coastal Research, no. Special Issue 53, p. 59-65, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI53-007.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"Special Issue 53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e5ee4b0c8380cd53402","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stockdon, H.F. 0000-0003-0791-4676","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":55992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"H.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doran, K.S. 0000-0001-8050-5727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-5727","contributorId":96497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"K.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sallenger, A. H. Jr.","contributorId":8818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035255,"text":"70035255 - 2009 - Rocky Mountain evolution: Tying Continental Dynamics of the Rocky Mountains and Deep Probe seismic experiments with receiver functions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035255","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rocky Mountain evolution: Tying Continental Dynamics of the Rocky Mountains and Deep Probe seismic experiments with receiver functions","docAbstract":"In this study, we have determined the crustal structure using three different receiver function methods using data collected from the northern transect of the Continental Dynamics of the Rocky Mountains (CD-ROM) experiment. The resulting migrated image and crustal thickness determinations confirm and refine prior crustal thickness measurements based on the CD-ROM and Deep Probe experiment data sets. The new results show a very distinct and thick lower crustal layer beneath the Archean Wyoming province. In addition, we are able to show its termination at 42??N latitude, which provides a seismic tie between the CD-ROM and Deep Probe seismic experiments and thus completes a continuous north-south transect extending from New Mexico into Alberta, Canada. This new tie is particularly important because it occurs close to a major tectonic boundary, the Cheyenne belt, between an Archean craton and a Proterozoic terrane. We used two different stacking techniques, based on a similar concept but using two different ways to estimate uncertainties. Furthermore, we used receiver function migration and common conversion point (CCP) stacking techniques. The combined interpretation of all our results shows (1) crustal thinning in southern Wyoming, (2) strong northward crustal thickening beginning in central Wyoming, (3) the presence of an unusually thick and high-velocity lower crust beneath the Wyoming province, and (4) the abrupt termination of this lower crustal layer north of the Cheyenne belt at 42??N latitude. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2008JB005726","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Rumpfhuber, E., Keller, G.R., Sandvol, E., Velasco, A., and Wilson, D., 2009, Rocky Mountain evolution: Tying Continental Dynamics of the Rocky Mountains and Deep Probe seismic experiments with receiver functions: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 114, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005726.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215517,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005726"},{"id":243328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae23e4b0c8380cd87028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rumpfhuber, E.-M.","contributorId":55231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumpfhuber","given":"E.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keller, Gordon R.","contributorId":90280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandvol, E.","contributorId":101476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandvol","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Velasco, A.A.","contributorId":101894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velasco","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, D.C.","contributorId":22599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035971,"text":"70035971 - 2009 - Predicting the biological condition of streams: Use of geospatial indicators of natural and anthropogenic characteristics of watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:50","indexId":"70035971","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the biological condition of streams: Use of geospatial indicators of natural and anthropogenic characteristics of watersheds","docAbstract":"We developed and evaluated empirical models to predict biological condition of wadeable streams in a large portion of the eastern USA, with the ultimate goal of prediction for unsampled basins. Previous work had classified (i.e., altered vs. unaltered) the biological condition of 920 streams based on a biological assessment of macroinvertebrate assemblages. Predictor variables were limited to widely available geospatial data, which included land cover, topography, climate, soils, societal infrastructure, and potential hydrologic modification. We compared the accuracy of predictions of biological condition class based on models with continuous and binary responses. We also evaluated the relative importance of specific groups and individual predictor variables, as well as the relationships between the most important predictors and biological condition. Prediction accuracy and the relative importance of predictor variables were different for two subregions for which models were created. Predictive accuracy in the highlands region improved by including predictors that represented both natural and human activities. Riparian land cover and road-stream intersections were the most important predictors. In contrast, predictive accuracy in the lowlands region was best for models limited to predictors representing natural factors, including basin topography and soil properties. Partial dependence plots revealed complex and nonlinear relationships between specific predictors and the probability of biological alteration. We demonstrate a potential application of the model by predicting biological condition in 552 unsampled basins across an ecoregion in southeastern Wisconsin (USA). Estimates of the likelihood of biological condition of unsampled streams could be a valuable tool for screening large numbers of basins to focus targeted monitoring of potentially unaltered or altered stream segments. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-008-0256-z","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D., Falcone, J., and Meador, M.R., 2009, Predicting the biological condition of streams: Use of geospatial indicators of natural and anthropogenic characteristics of watersheds: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 151, no. 1-4, p. 143-160, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0256-z.","startPage":"143","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216148,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0256-z"},{"id":243997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"151","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81cde4b0c8380cd7b738","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, D.M.","contributorId":81059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falcone, J.","contributorId":20548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meador, M. R.","contributorId":74400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035138,"text":"70035138 - 2009 - Internal tidal currents in the Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035138","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2381,"text":"Journal of Marine Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Internal tidal currents in the Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon","docAbstract":"Data from five separate field experiments during 2000-2006 were used to study the internal tidal flow patterns in the Gaoping (formerly spelled Kaoping) Submarine Canyon. The internal tides are large with maximum interface displacements of about 200??m and maximum velocities of over 100cm/s. They are characterized by a first-mode velocity and density structure with zero crossing at about 100??m depth. In the lower layer, the currents increase with increasing depth. The density interface and the along-channel velocity are approximately 90?? out-of-phase, suggesting a predominant standing wave pattern. However, partial reflection is indicated as there is a consistent phase advance between sea level and density interface along the canyon axis. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Marine Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.011","issn":"09247963","usgsCitation":"Lee, I., Wang, Y.#., Liu, J., Chuang, W., and Xu, J., 2009, Internal tidal currents in the Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon: Journal of Marine Systems, v. 76, no. 4, p. 397-404, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.011.","startPage":"397","endPage":"404","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215242,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.011"},{"id":243031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d30e4b0c8380cd6338e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, I.-H.","contributorId":47601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"I.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Y. #NAME?","contributorId":68475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.T.","contributorId":6682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chuang, W.-S.","contributorId":21364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chuang","given":"W.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xu, J.","contributorId":25324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035126,"text":"70035126 - 2009 - Post-fledging movements of juvenile Common Mergansers (mergus merganser) in Alaska as inferred by satellite telemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T14:08:56","indexId":"70035126","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-fledging movements of juvenile Common Mergansers (mergus merganser) in Alaska as inferred by satellite telemetry","docAbstract":"We implanted satellite transmitters into eight juvenile Common Mergansers to investigate post-fledging movements from their natal river in southcentral Alaska. Subsequently, they moved widely throughout portions of western and southcentral Alaska up to 750 km from their natal areas during fall and winter months. Transmitters of two birds (one male and one female) continued to send location data into their second year and allowed us to determine the location and timing of the flightless molt period for each bird. Overall, our data suggest that juvenile Common Mergansers range widely immediately after fledging, that second year males and females may differ in their movement patterns, and that these movements have implications for population genetic structure of this species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/063.032.0116","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J.M., and Petersen, M.R., 2009, Post-fledging movements of juvenile Common Mergansers (mergus merganser) in Alaska as inferred by satellite telemetry: Waterbirds, v. 32, no. 1, p. 133-137, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0116.","startPage":"133","endPage":"137","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215541,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.032.0116"},{"id":243352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e66e4b0c8380cd7a508","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033041,"text":"70033041 - 2009 - Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T10:26:25","indexId":"70033041","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3646,"text":"Transport in Porous Media","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand","docAbstract":"<p><span>Laboratory-scale virus transport experiments were conducted in columns packed with sand under saturated and unsaturated conditions. The viruses employed were the male-specific RNA coliphage, MS2, and the&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Salmonella typhimurium</i><span>&nbsp;phage, PRD1. The mathematical model developed by Sim and Chrysikopoulos (Water Resour Res 36:173–179, 2000) that accounts for processes responsible for removal of viruses during vertical transport in one-dimensional, unsaturated porous media was used to fit the data collected from the laboratory experiments. The liquid to liquid–solid and liquid to air–liquid interface mass transfer rate coefficients were shown to increase for both bacteriophage as saturation levels were reduced. The experimental results indicate that even for unfavorable attachment conditions within a sand column (e.g., phosphate-buffered saline solution; pH = 7.5; ionic strength = 2&nbsp;mM), saturation levels can affect virus transport through porous media.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11242-008-9239-3","issn":"01693","usgsCitation":"Anders, R., and Chrysikopoulos, C., 2009, Transport of viruses through saturated and unsaturated columns packed with sand: Transport in Porous Media, v. 76, no. 1, p. 121-138, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-008-9239-3.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213488,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-008-9239-3"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb75ae4b08c986b3271f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anders, R.","contributorId":74174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chrysikopoulos, C.V.","contributorId":16214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chrysikopoulos","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032817,"text":"70032817 - 2009 - Research on the middle-of-receiver-spread assumption of the MASW method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032817","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Research on the middle-of-receiver-spread assumption of the MASW method","docAbstract":"The multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method has been effectively used to determine near-surface shear- (S-) wave velocity. Estimating the S-wave velocity profile from Rayleigh-wave measurements is straightforward. A three-step process is required to obtain S-wave velocity profiles: acquisition of a multiple number of multichannel records along a linear survey line by use of the roll-along mode, extraction of dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves, and inversion of dispersion curves for an S-wave velocity profile for each shot gather. A pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section can be generated by aligning 1D S-wave velocity models. In this process, it is very important to understand where the inverted 1D S-wave velocity profile should be located: the midpoint of each spread (a middle-of-receiver-spread assumption) or somewhere between the source and the last receiver. In other words, the extracted dispersion curve is determined by the geophysical structure within the geophone spread or strongly affected by the source geophysical structure. In this paper, dispersion curves of synthetic datasets and a real-world example are calculated by fixing the receiver spread and changing the source location. Results demonstrate that the dispersion curves are mainly determined by structures within a receiver spread. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.01.009","issn":"02677","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Liu, J., Xu, Y., and Liu, Q., 2009, Research on the middle-of-receiver-spread assumption of the MASW method: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 29, no. 1, p. 71-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.01.009.","startPage":"71","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213622,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.01.009"},{"id":241268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa935e4b0c8380cd85c98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Q.","contributorId":17827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032563,"text":"70032563 - 2009 - Emissions from the copper-nickel industry on the Kola Peninsula and at Noril'sk, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032563","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emissions from the copper-nickel industry on the Kola Peninsula and at Noril'sk, Russia","docAbstract":"Published estimates for base metal emissions from the copper-nickel industry on the Kola Peninsula are re-examined in the light of (a) chemical data on the composition of the ores; (b) official emission figures for 1994; and (c) modelled emissions based on dry and wet deposition estimates derived from data for snow and rain samples collected in 1994. The modelled emissions, official emission figures and chemical data are mutually compatible for Ni, Cu and Co and show that previously published figures underestimated the emissions of the major elements, Ni and Cu (though within the same order of magnitude) and overestimated the emissions of As, Pb, Sb and Zn by up to several orders of magnitude, in some cases exceeding the calculated total input to the plants. Published estimates have neglected information on the nature and chemistry of the ores processed in metallurgical industries in the Noril'sk area of Siberia and the Urals. Revised emission estimates for 1994, using knowledge of the chemistry of the ores, are proposed: taken with published information on total emissions up to 2000 these data give an indication of emission levels in more recent years. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.003","issn":"13522","usgsCitation":"Boyd, R., Barnes, S., De Caritat, P., Chekushin, V., Melezhik, V., Reimann, C., and Zientek, M.L., 2009, Emissions from the copper-nickel industry on the Kola Peninsula and at Noril'sk, Russia: Atmospheric Environment, v. 43, no. 7, p. 1474-1480, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.003.","startPage":"1474","endPage":"1480","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213915,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.003"},{"id":241587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08ffe4b0c8380cd51d56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Ron","contributorId":54737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyd","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, S.-J.","contributorId":95631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"S.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Caritat, P.","contributorId":49616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Caritat","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chekushin, V.A.","contributorId":73021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chekushin","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melezhik, V.A.","contributorId":41227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melezhik","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reimann, C.","contributorId":23669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimann","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zientek, M. L.","contributorId":6118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032557,"text":"70032557 - 2009 - Evaluating the validity of using unverified indices of body condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-14T13:38:29","indexId":"70032557","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the validity of using unverified indices of body condition","docAbstract":"<p><span>Condition indices are commonly used in an attempt to link body condition of birds to ecological variables of interest, including demographic attributes such as survival and reproduction. Most indices are based on body mass adjusted for structural body size, calculated as simple ratios or residuals from regressions. However, condition indices are often applied without confirming their predictive value (i.e., without being validated against measured values of fat and protein), which we term ‘unverified’ use. We evaluated the ability of a number of unverified indices frequently found in the literature to predict absolute and proportional levels of fat and protein across five species of waterfowl. Among indices we considered, those accounting for body size never predicted absolute protein more precisely than body mass, however, some indices improved predictability of fat, although the form of the best index varied by species. Further, the gain in precision by using a condition index to predict either absolute or percent fat was minimal (rise in r</span><sup>2</sup><span>≤0.13), and in many cases model fit was actually reduced. Our data agrees with previous assertions that the assumption that indices provide more precise indicators of body condition than body mass alone is often invalid. We strongly discourage the use of unverified indices, because subjectively selecting indices likely does little to improve precision and might in fact decrease predictability relative to using body mass alone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04462.x","issn":"09088","usgsCitation":"Schamber, J., Esler, D., and Flint, P.L., 2009, Evaluating the validity of using unverified indices of body condition: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 40, no. 1, p. 49-56, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04462.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213823,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04462.x"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c01e4b0c8380cd529c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schamber, J.L.","contributorId":92012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schamber","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035110,"text":"70035110 - 2009 - Beneath the veil: Plant growth form influences the strength of species richness-productivity relationships in forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035110","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beneath the veil: Plant growth form influences the strength of species richness-productivity relationships in forests","docAbstract":"Aim: Species richness has been observed to increase with productivity at large spatial scales, though the strength of this relationship varies among functional groups. In forests, canopy trees shade understorey plants, and for this reason we hypothesize that species richness of canopy trees will depend on macroclimate, while species richness of shorter growth forms will additionally be affected by shading from the canopy. In this study we test for differences in species richness-productivity relationships (SRPRs) among growth forms (canopy trees, shrubs, herbaceous species) in small forest plots. Location: We analysed 231 plots ranging from 34.0?? to 48.3?? N latitude and from 75.0?? to 124.2?? W longitude in the United States. Methods: We analysed data collected by the USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis program for plant species richness partitioned into different growth forms, in small plots. We used actual evapotranspiration as a macroclimatic estimate of regional productivity and calculated the area of light-blocking tissue in the immediate area surrounding plots for an estimate of the intensity of local shading. We estimated and compared SRPRs for different partitions of the species richness dataset using generalized linear models and we incorporated the possible indirect effects of shading using a structural equation model. Results: Canopy tree species richness increased strongly with regional productivity, while local shading primarily explained the variation in herbaceous plant richness. Shrub species richness was related to both regional productivity and local shading. Main conclusions: The relationship between total forest plant species richness and productivity at large scales belies strong effects of local interactions. Counter to the pattern for overall richness, we found that understorey herbaceous plant species richness does not respond to regional productivity gradients, and instead is strongly influenced by canopy density, while shrub species richness is under multivariate control. ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00457.x","issn":"1466822X","usgsCitation":"Oberle, B., Grace, J., and Chase, J., 2009, Beneath the veil: Plant growth form influences the strength of species richness-productivity relationships in forests: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 18, no. 4, p. 416-425, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00457.x.","startPage":"416","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215297,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00457.x"},{"id":243092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0aee4b0c8380cd4a867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberle, B.","contributorId":15851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberle","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, J.M.","contributorId":90558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034346,"text":"70034346 - 2009 - Mercury sources, distribution, and bioavailability in the North Pacific Ocean: Insights from data and models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T10:15:40","indexId":"70034346","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury sources, distribution, and bioavailability in the North Pacific Ocean: Insights from data and models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fish harvested from the Pacific Ocean are a major contributor to human methylmercury (MeHg) exposure. Limited oceanic mercury (Hg) data, particularly MeHg, has confounded our understanding of linkages between sources, methylation sites, and concentrations in marine food webs. Here we present methylated (MeHg and dimethylmercury (Me</span><sub>2</sub><span>Hg)) and total Hg concentrations from 16 hydrographic stations in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. We use these data in combination with information from previous cruises and coupled atmospheric‐oceanic modeling results to better understand controls on Hg concentrations, distribution, and bioavailability. Total Hg concentrations (average 1.14 ± 0.38 pM) are elevated relative to previous cruises. Modeling results agree with observed increases and suggest that at present atmospheric Hg deposition rates, basin‐wide Hg concentrations will double relative to circa 1995 by 2050. Methylated Hg accounts for up to 29% of the total Hg in subsurface waters (average 260 ± 114 fM). We observed lower ambient methylated Hg concentrations in the euphotic zone and older, deeper water masses, which likely result from decay of MeHg and Me</span><sub>2</sub><span>Hg when net production is not occurring. We found a significant, positive linear relationship between methylated Hg concentrations and rates of organic carbon remineralization (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.66,&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.001). These results provide evidence for the importance of particulate organic carbon (POC) transport and remineralization on the production and distribution of methylated Hg species in marine waters. Specifically, settling POC provides a source of inorganic Hg(II) to microbially active subsurface waters and can also provide a substrate for microbial activity facilitating water column methylation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2008GB003425","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Sunderland, E., Krabbenhoft, D., Moreau, J., Strode, S., and Landing, W., 2009, Mercury sources, distribution, and bioavailability in the North Pacific Ocean: Insights from data and models: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 23, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003425.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476220,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gb003425","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003425"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a542de4b0c8380cd6ced7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sunderland, E.M.","contributorId":45546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sunderland","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moreau, J.W.","contributorId":64457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreau","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strode, S.A.","contributorId":73439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strode","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landing, W.M.","contributorId":99303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landing","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033208,"text":"70033208 - 2009 - Depleted uranium analysis in blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033208","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2155,"text":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depleted uranium analysis in blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"In this study we report depleted uranium (DU) analysis in whole blood samples. Internal exposure to DU causes increased uranium levels as well as change in the uranium isotopic composition in blood specimen. For identification of DU exposure we used the 235U/238U ratio in blood samples, which ranges from 0.00725 for natural uranium to 0.002 for depleted uranium. Uranium quantification and isotopic composition analysis were performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. For method validation we used eight spiked blood samples with known uranium concentrations and isotopic composition. The detection limit for quantification was determined to be 4 ng L-1 uranium in whole blood. The data reproduced within 1-5% RSD and an accuracy of 1-4%. In order to achieve a 235U/238U ratio range of 0.00698-0.00752% with 99.7% confidence limit a minimum whole blood uranium concentration of 60 ng L??1 was required. An additional 10 samples from a cohort of veterans exposed to DU in Gulf War I were analyzed with no knowledge of their medical history. The measured 235U/ 238U ratios in the blood samples were used to identify the presence or absence of DU exposure within this patient group. ?? 2009 The Royal Society of Chemistry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1039/b816058a","issn":"02679","usgsCitation":"Todorov, T., Xu, H., Ejnik, J., Mullick, F., Squibb, K., McDiarmid, M., and Centeno, J., 2009, Depleted uranium analysis in blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, v. 24, no. 2, p. 189-193, https://doi.org/10.1039/b816058a.","startPage":"189","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213465,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b816058a"},{"id":241091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feb1e4b0c8380cd4ee86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todorov, T.I.","contributorId":10995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todorov","given":"T.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, H.","contributorId":83331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ejnik, J.W.","contributorId":67299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ejnik","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mullick, F.G.","contributorId":78161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullick","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Squibb, K.","contributorId":49612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squibb","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McDiarmid, M.A.","contributorId":25767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Centeno, J.A.","contributorId":73806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centeno","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032525,"text":"70032525 - 2009 - Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-02T11:06:13","indexId":"70032525","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction","docAbstract":"Two statistics are presented that can be used to rank input parameters utilized by a model in terms of their relative identifiability based on a given or possible future calibration dataset. Identifiability is defined here as the capability of model calibration to constrain parameters used by a model. Both statistics require that the sensitivity of each model parameter be calculated for each model output for which there are actual or presumed field measurements. Singular value decomposition (SVD) of the weighted sensitivity matrix is then undertaken to quantify the relation between the parameters and observations that, in turn, allows selection of calibration solution and null spaces spanned by unit orthogonal vectors. The first statistic presented, \"parameter identifiability\", is quantitatively defined as the direction cosine between a parameter and its projection onto the calibration solution space. This varies between zero and one, with zero indicating complete non-identifiability and one indicating complete identifiability. The second statistic, \"relative error reduction\", indicates the extent to which the calibration process reduces error in estimation of a parameter from its pre-calibration level where its value must be assigned purely on the basis of prior expert knowledge. This is more sophisticated than identifiability, in that it takes greater account of the noise associated with the calibration dataset. Like identifiability, it has a maximum value of one (which can only be achieved if there is no measurement noise). Conceptually it can fall to zero; and even below zero if a calibration problem is poorly posed. An example, based on a coupled groundwater/surface-water model, is included that demonstrates the utility of the statistics. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.018","issn":"00221","usgsCitation":"Doherty, J., and Hunt, R.J., 2009, Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction: Journal of Hydrology, v. 366, no. 1-4, p. 119-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.018.","startPage":"119","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213886,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.018"},{"id":241553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"366","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb989e4b08c986b327c4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doherty, John","contributorId":43843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70193765,"text":"70193765 - 2009 - Near‐surface evaluation of Ball Mountain Dam, Vermont, using multi‐channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and refraction tomography seismic methods on land‐streamer data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T14:45:03","indexId":"70193765","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Near‐surface evaluation of Ball Mountain Dam, Vermont, using multi‐channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and refraction tomography seismic methods on land‐streamer data","docAbstract":"<p><span>A limited seismic investigation of Ball Mountain Dam, an earthen dam near Jamaica, Vermont, was conducted using multiple seismic methods including multi‐channel analysis of surface waves (MASW), refraction tomography, and vertical seismic profiling (VSP). The refraction and MASW data were efficiently collected in one survey using a towed land streamer containing vertical‐displacement geophones and two seismic sources, a 9‐kg hammer at the beginning of the spread and a 40‐kg accelerated weight drop one spread length from the geophones, to obtain near‐ and far‐offset data sets. The quality of the seismic data for the purposes of both refraction and MASW analyses was good for near offsets, decreasing in quality at farther offsets, thus limiting the depth of investigation to about 12 m. Refraction tomography and MASW analyses provided 2D compressional (Vp) and shear‐wave (Vs) velocity sections along the dam crest and access road, which are consistent with the corresponding VSP seismic velocity estimates from nearby wells. The velocity sections helped identify zonal variations in both Vp and Vs (rigidity) properties, indicative of material heterogeneity or dynamic processes (e.g. differential settlement) at specific areas of the dam. The results indicate that refraction tomography and MASW methods are tools with significant potential for economical, non‐invasive characterization of construction materials at earthen dam sites.</span><span></span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2009","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.3255123","usgsCitation":"Ivanov, J.M., Johnson, C.D., Lane, J.W., Miller, R.D., and Clemens, D., 2009, Near‐surface evaluation of Ball Mountain Dam, Vermont, using multi‐channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and refraction tomography seismic methods on land‐streamer data, <i>in</i> SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2009, p. 1454-1458, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3255123.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1454","endPage":"1458","ipdsId":"IP-012980","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Jamaica","otherGeospatial":"Ball Mountain Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.77790069580078,\n              43.124416717277235\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.77064800262451,\n              43.124416717277235\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.77064800262451,\n              43.12992925820256\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.77790069580078,\n              43.12992925820256\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.77790069580078,\n              43.124416717277235\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a719271e4b0a9a2e9dbde2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivanov, Julian M.","contributorId":80844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"Julian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Richard D.","contributorId":56406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Clemens, Drew","contributorId":199902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clemens","given":"Drew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70193914,"text":"70193914 - 2009 - Defining and characterizing coolwater streams and their fish assemblages in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T13:51:44","indexId":"70193914","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Defining and characterizing coolwater streams and their fish assemblages in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Coolwater streams, which are intermediate in character between coldwater “trout” streams and more diverse warmwater streams, occur widely in temperate regions but are poorly understood. We used modeled water temperature data and fish assemblage samples from 371 stream sites in Michigan and Wisconsin to define, describe, and map coolwater streams and their fish assemblages. We defined coolwater streams as ones having summer water temperatures suitable for both coldwater and warmwater species and used the observed distributions of the 99 fish species at our sites to identify coolwater thermal boundaries. Coolwater streams had June-through-August mean water temperatures of 17.0–20.5°C, July mean temperatures of 17.5–21.0°C, and maximum daily mean temperatures of 20.7–24.6°C. We delineated two subclasses of coolwater streams: “cold transition” (having July mean water temperatures of 17.5–19.5°C) and “warm transition” (having July mean temperatures of 19.5–21.0°C). Fish assemblages in coolwater streams were variable and lacked diagnostic species but were generally intermediate in species richness and overlapped in composition with coldwater and warmwater streams. In cold-transition streams, coldwater (e.g., salmonids and cottids) and transitional species (e.g., creek chub <i>Semotilus atromaculatus</i>, eastern blacknose dace <i>Rhynichthys atratulus</i>, white sucker <i>Catostomus commersonii</i>, and johnny darter <i>Etheostoma nigrum</i>) were common and warmwater species (e.g., ictalurids and centrarchids) were uncommon; in warm-transition streams warmwater and transitional species were common and coldwater species were uncommon. Coolwater was the most widespread and abundant thermal class in Michigan and Wisconsin, comprising 65% of the combined total stream length in the two states (cold-transition streams being more common than warm-transition ones). Our approach can be used to identify and characterize coolwater streams elsewhere in the temperate region, benefiting many aspects of fisheries management and environmental protection.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M08-118.1","usgsCitation":"Lyons, J., Zorn, T., Stewart, J.S., Seelbach, P.W., Wehrly, K., and Wang, L., 2009, Defining and characterizing coolwater streams and their fish assemblages in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1130-1151, https://doi.org/10.1577/M08-118.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1130","endPage":"1151","ipdsId":"IP-005975","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348550,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-85.825955,45.404296],[-85.833516,45.378175],[-85.88301,45.443479],[-85.834891,45.428356],[-85.825955,45.404296]]],[[[-86.093536,45.007838],[-86.133655,44.996874],[-86.156689,45.010535],[-86.141644,45.040251],[-86.117908,45.048478],[-86.079103,45.030795],[-86.100315,45.02624],[-86.093536,45.007838]]],[[[-86.033174,45.15842],[-85.976803,45.138363],[-85.976883,45.06266],[-85.99736,45.055929],[-86.058653,45.100776],[-86.065016,45.140266],[-86.033174,45.15842]]],[[[-88.684434,48.115785],[-88.656915,48.139225],[-88.547033,48.174891],[-88.501088,48.168181],[-88.422601,48.190975],[-88.418244,48.18037],[-88.566938,48.093719],[-88.579784,48.058669],[-88.670073,48.011446],[-88.899184,47.9533],[-88.962664,47.923512],[-88.968903,47.901675],[-88.899698,47.902445],[-88.911665,47.891344],[-89.157738,47.824015],[-89.19017,47.831603],[-89.201812,47.850243],[-89.234533,47.851718],[-89.255202,47.876102],[-89.179154,47.93503],[-88.835714,48.056752],[-88.787556,48.063035],[-88.764256,48.085189],[-88.684434,48.115785]]],[[[-84.612845,45.834528],[-84.650783,45.85921],[-84.646876,45.884642],[-84.622515,45.87753],[-84.578328,45.820092],[-84.432472,45.786732],[-84.42159,45.805651],[-84.403208,45.784394],[-84.35602,45.771895],[-84.405852,45.722417],[-84.484128,45.73071],[-84.612845,45.834528]]],[[[-85.524448,45.829794],[-85.450206,45.796677],[-85.450206,45.776452],[-85.462581,45.765864],[-85.507263,45.778237],[-85.532009,45.798172],[-85.524448,45.829794]]],[[[-85.696872,45.69725],[-85.701809,45.736129],[-85.688849,45.747238],[-85.651866,45.743139],[-85.649353,45.722552],[-85.672187,45.696633],[-85.696872,45.69725]]],[[[-85.360952,45.817554],[-85.359048,45.776627],[-85.394264,45.778531],[-85.377132,45.812795],[-85.360952,45.817554]]],[[[-85.566441,45.760222],[-85.497656,45.746246],[-85.515145,45.749451],[-85.520803,45.737247],[-85.498777,45.726291],[-85.494016,45.698476],[-85.506104,45.681148],[-85.487026,45.621211],[-85.534064,45.578198],[-85.561634,45.572213],[-85.618049,45.582647],[-85.630016,45.598166],[-85.604521,45.639256],[-85.604881,45.681932],[-85.572309,45.711449],[-85.566441,45.760222]]],[[[-86.626187,45.573581],[-86.622023,45.55633],[-86.648792,45.543243],[-86.661284,45.574176],[-86.712328,45.610939],[-86.67727,45.613689],[-86.626187,45.573581]]],[[[-83.880387,41.720089],[-84.806082,41.696089],[-84.805883,41.760216],[-86.823628,41.76024],[-86.717037,41.819349],[-86.619442,41.893827],[-86.485223,42.118239],[-86.356218,42.254166],[-86.261573,42.443894],[-86.226037,42.592811],[-86.22905,42.637693],[-86.206834,42.719424],[-86.232707,43.015762],[-86.280756,43.136015],[-86.407832,43.338436],[-86.540916,43.633158],[-86.529686,43.676849],[-86.463436,43.744687],[-86.43114,43.815569],[-86.462756,43.969655],[-86.514704,44.057672],[-86.421576,44.128962],[-86.26871,44.345324],[-86.248083,44.420946],[-86.248914,44.483004],[-86.220697,44.566742],[-86.256796,44.686769],[-86.232482,44.70605],[-86.09074,44.740544],[-86.065966,44.821522],[-86.066745,44.905685],[-86.038332,44.915696],[-85.992535,44.900026],[-85.9316,44.968788],[-85.869852,44.939031],[-85.807403,44.949814],[-85.746444,45.051229],[-85.695715,45.076461],[-85.618639,45.186771],[-85.585986,45.180381],[-85.551072,45.210742],[-85.526734,45.189316],[-85.531461,45.177247],[-85.564897,45.153962],[-85.599801,45.149286],[-85.614319,45.127562],[-85.56613,45.043633],[-85.597181,45.040547],[-85.621878,45.004529],[-85.602356,44.974272],[-85.602034,44.926743],[-85.621403,44.923123],[-85.652355,44.849092],[-85.640781,44.775561],[-85.593833,44.768651],[-85.581717,44.807784],[-85.532931,44.87319],[-85.530729,44.889182],[-85.564509,44.895246],[-85.533553,44.925762],[-85.520034,44.973996],[-85.475204,44.991053],[-85.464944,44.961062],[-85.48574,44.953626],[-85.500872,44.85883],[-85.555894,44.818256],[-85.57517,44.762766],[-85.527216,44.748235],[-85.504775,44.768082],[-85.499591,44.803838],[-85.462943,44.825044],[-85.3958,44.931018],[-85.380659,45.046319],[-85.366412,45.069023],[-85.388593,45.23524],[-85.371593,45.270834],[-85.196704,45.360641],[-85.143651,45.370369],[-85.032813,45.361251],[-84.91585,45.393115],[-84.922006,45.421914],[-85.040272,45.436509],[-85.087756,45.476335],[-85.115479,45.539406],[-85.119026,45.573002],[-85.07491,45.629242],[-85.007026,45.65636],[-84.942636,45.714292],[-84.951745,45.737326],[-85.011433,45.757962],[-84.805114,45.746378],[-84.781995,45.760345],[-84.79229,45.778464],[-84.780313,45.787224],[-84.734065,45.788205],[-84.715996,45.766174],[-84.46168,45.652404],[-84.427495,45.669201],[-84.376403,45.655565],[-84.329537,45.66438],[-84.215268,45.634767],[-84.128867,45.562284],[-84.122309,45.523788],[-84.095905,45.497298],[-83.939261,45.493189],[-83.806622,45.419159],[-83.721815,45.413304],[-83.599273,45.352561],[-83.488826,45.355872],[-83.381743,45.268983],[-83.41241,45.238905],[-83.363678,45.166469],[-83.316118,45.141958],[-83.30788,45.099093],[-83.265896,45.026844],[-83.340257,45.041545],[-83.399255,45.070364],[-83.453363,45.035331],[-83.431254,45.007998],[-83.450013,44.990219],[-83.433032,44.93289],[-83.39396,44.903056],[-83.320503,44.880571],[-83.321241,44.852962],[-83.300648,44.829831],[-83.296265,44.743502],[-83.274674,44.70477],[-83.31445,44.608926],[-83.308471,44.539902],[-83.332533,44.340464],[-83.373607,44.327784],[-83.425762,44.272487],[-83.500392,44.27661],[-83.53771,44.248171],[-83.573071,44.101298],[-83.591361,44.079237],[-83.58409,44.056748],[-83.650116,44.052404],[-83.679654,44.036365],[-83.680108,43.994196],[-83.82808,43.989003],[-83.877047,43.959351],[-83.916815,43.89905],[-83.929375,43.777091],[-83.954792,43.760932],[-83.909479,43.672622],[-83.669795,43.59079],[-83.540187,43.708746],[-83.470053,43.723418],[-83.440171,43.761694],[-83.438311,43.786846],[-83.411453,43.805033],[-83.407647,43.831998],[-83.33227,43.880522],[-83.347365,43.91216],[-83.30569,43.922489],[-83.26185,43.969021],[-83.227093,43.981003],[-83.058741,44.006224],[-83.024604,44.045174],[-82.967439,44.066138],[-82.915976,44.070503],[-82.746255,43.996037],[-82.633641,43.831224],[-82.597911,43.590016],[-82.539517,43.437539],[-82.523086,43.225361],[-82.486684,43.104688],[-82.415937,43.005555],[-82.42455,42.993393],[-82.412965,42.977041],[-82.469912,42.887459],[-82.482045,42.808629],[-82.467483,42.76191],[-82.510533,42.665172],[-82.518782,42.613888],[-82.589779,42.550678],[-82.640916,42.554973],[-82.686417,42.518597],[-82.664335,42.546244],[-82.688061,42.588417],[-82.713042,42.597904],[-82.683482,42.609433],[-82.690124,42.625033],[-82.669103,42.637225],[-82.645715,42.631145],[-82.630922,42.64211],[-82.630851,42.673341],[-82.700964,42.689548],[-82.813518,42.640833],[-82.819017,42.616333],[-82.789017,42.603434],[-82.782414,42.564834],[-82.834216,42.567849],[-82.874416,42.523535],[-82.883915,42.471836],[-82.870572,42.451235],[-82.894013,42.389437],[-82.915114,42.378137],[-82.92397,42.352068],[-83.064121,42.317738],[-83.096521,42.290138],[-83.128022,42.238839],[-83.133923,42.17474],[-83.121323,42.125742],[-83.133511,42.088143],[-83.188598,42.066431],[-83.187246,42.007573],[-83.248741,41.972735],[-83.269521,41.939042],[-83.315859,41.935893],[-83.341557,41.879956],[-83.366187,41.865505],[-83.379705,41.871729],[-83.436298,41.816471],[-83.443364,41.789118],[-83.42418,41.741042],[-83.880387,41.720089]]],[[[-90.418136,46.566094],[-90.327626,46.607744],[-90.306609,46.602741],[-90.028392,46.67439],[-89.846962,46.796556],[-89.790663,46.818469],[-89.678469,46.832923],[-89.619329,46.81889],[-89.516895,46.841025],[-89.415154,46.843983],[-89.228362,46.912751],[-89.128698,46.992599],[-89.086742,46.985298],[-88.972802,47.002096],[-88.925586,47.040923],[-88.890708,47.099024],[-88.764351,47.155762],[-88.676624,47.216918],[-88.573997,47.245989],[-88.498756,47.295256],[-88.418841,47.371058],[-88.23944,47.429923],[-88.217822,47.448738],[-88.040291,47.475999],[-87.801184,47.473301],[-87.715942,47.439816],[-87.710471,47.4062],[-87.815371,47.38479],[-87.8567,47.395387],[-87.957058,47.38726],[-87.965598,47.368645],[-87.938787,47.346777],[-87.94336,47.335899],[-88.06009,47.295796],[-88.163059,47.216278],[-88.227552,47.199938],[-88.239895,47.139436],[-88.281652,47.138239],[-88.297547,47.098639],[-88.346501,47.079407],[-88.367624,47.019213],[-88.410157,46.978782],[-88.443901,46.972251],[-88.483748,46.831727],[-88.462349,46.786711],[-88.438427,46.786714],[-88.375577,46.857313],[-88.352145,46.857009],[-88.244437,46.929612],[-88.145561,46.966409],[-88.132957,46.962237],[-88.185964,46.920025],[-88.175197,46.90458],[-88.083937,46.920112],[-87.900695,46.909682],[-87.847037,46.884163],[-87.816794,46.891154],[-87.783216,46.879927],[-87.766243,46.861446],[-87.741857,46.865274],[-87.72588,46.827426],[-87.69459,46.827182],[-87.681561,46.842392],[-87.662261,46.815157],[-87.6333,46.812107],[-87.595307,46.78295],[-87.581674,46.729399],[-87.523308,46.688488],[-87.503238,46.647796],[-87.469023,46.635918],[-87.464108,46.614811],[-87.383961,46.59307],[-87.392974,46.572523],[-87.375613,46.54714],[-87.393985,46.533183],[-87.352448,46.501324],[-87.259116,46.488283],[-87.12744,46.494014],[-87.008724,46.532723],[-86.964534,46.516549],[-86.947077,46.472064],[-86.903742,46.466138],[-86.883919,46.441514],[-86.850111,46.434114],[-86.816026,46.437892],[-86.803557,46.466669],[-86.768516,46.479072],[-86.735929,46.475231],[-86.70323,46.439378],[-86.686412,46.454965],[-86.683819,46.498079],[-86.701929,46.511571],[-86.709325,46.543914],[-86.678182,46.561039],[-86.62738,46.53371],[-86.646393,46.485776],[-86.627441,46.47754],[-86.612173,46.493295],[-86.609039,46.470239],[-86.586168,46.463324],[-86.469306,46.551422],[-86.437167,46.54896],[-86.34989,46.578035],[-86.161681,46.669475],[-86.138295,46.672935],[-86.099843,46.654615],[-85.877908,46.690914],[-85.50951,46.675786],[-85.257999,46.753078],[-84.954009,46.771362],[-85.027513,46.697451],[-85.037056,46.600995],[-85.025491,46.546397],[-85.056133,46.52652],[-85.025598,46.483028],[-84.969464,46.47629],[-84.937145,46.489252],[-84.921931,46.469962],[-84.861448,46.46993],[-84.829491,46.444071],[-84.678423,46.487694],[-84.63102,46.484868],[-84.551496,46.418522],[-84.503719,46.43919],[-84.471848,46.434289],[-84.455527,46.453897],[-84.463322,46.467435],[-84.420274,46.501077],[-84.343599,46.507713],[-84.275814,46.492821],[-84.226131,46.53392],[-84.128925,46.530119],[-84.111225,46.504119],[-84.146172,46.41852],[-84.138906,46.372221],[-84.106247,46.321963],[-84.119629,46.315013],[-84.115563,46.268225],[-84.097766,46.256512],[-84.14595,46.224995],[-84.219494,46.231992],[-84.249164,46.206461],[-84.247687,46.17989],[-84.221001,46.163062],[-84.177298,46.183993],[-84.125022,46.180209],[-84.100126,46.15077],[-84.026536,46.131648],[-84.061329,46.113482],[-84.066257,46.087438],[-83.989526,46.032823],[-83.943933,46.031465],[-83.900535,45.998918],[-83.873147,45.993426],[-83.845399,46.025679],[-83.794055,45.995801],[-83.765277,46.018363],[-83.773785,46.051471],[-83.81252,46.073469],[-83.815826,46.108529],[-83.771821,46.090999],[-83.63498,46.103953],[-83.581315,46.089613],[-83.532913,46.011328],[-83.473946,45.988558],[-83.510623,45.929324],[-83.561838,45.912562],[-83.65766,45.945463],[-83.78611,45.933375],[-83.879616,45.966196],[-84.017565,45.959046],[-84.111174,45.978675],[-84.330346,45.956043],[-84.376429,45.931962],[-84.443086,45.977825],[-84.459956,45.970343],[-84.488536,45.98882],[-84.507201,45.991169],[-84.514071,45.971292],[-84.532392,45.969448],[-84.540995,46.019501],[-84.563891,46.032459],[-84.609063,46.026418],[-84.656567,46.052654],[-84.692735,46.027019],[-84.685254,45.973454],[-84.723039,45.967279],[-84.738849,45.945792],[-84.713614,45.920366],[-84.734002,45.907026],[-84.702122,45.853935],[-84.746985,45.835597],[-84.828996,45.871209],[-84.842147,45.898005],[-84.917288,45.930576],[-85.020951,46.012845],[-85.14516,46.050035],[-85.197523,46.044878],[-85.335466,46.092459],[-85.381263,46.082086],[-85.409463,46.100585],[-85.445835,46.086426],[-85.499422,46.09692],[-85.603785,46.030363],[-85.663966,45.967013],[-85.697203,45.960158],[-85.8092,45.979931],[-85.842404,45.965247],[-85.893196,45.967253],[-85.922737,45.948287],[-85.926017,45.932104],[-85.910264,45.922112],[-85.920581,45.920994],[-85.998868,45.950968],[-86.094753,45.966704],[-86.159415,45.953765],[-86.208255,45.962978],[-86.278007,45.942057],[-86.324232,45.90608],[-86.351658,45.798132],[-86.415971,45.793793],[-86.439661,45.760669],[-86.486028,45.746608],[-86.51457,45.752337],[-86.53328,45.710849],[-86.580936,45.71192],[-86.587528,45.666456],[-86.625132,45.663819],[-86.616893,45.606796],[-86.687208,45.634253],[-86.718191,45.67732],[-86.665677,45.702217],[-86.67148,45.72053],[-86.633138,45.747654],[-86.631018,45.782019],[-86.583391,45.778242],[-86.576858,45.801473],[-86.557215,45.808172],[-86.555186,45.831696],[-86.529208,45.853043],[-86.541464,45.890234],[-86.583304,45.898784],[-86.625736,45.868295],[-86.645998,45.833888],[-86.721113,45.845431],[-86.749638,45.867796],[-86.78208,45.860195],[-86.773279,45.811385],[-86.821523,45.770356],[-86.838746,45.722307],[-86.944158,45.695833],[-86.964275,45.672761],[-86.984588,45.705812],[-86.975224,45.75313],[-86.988438,45.810621],[-87.018902,45.838886],[-87.039842,45.834245],[-87.057439,45.812483],[-87.057444,45.736822],[-87.070442,45.718779],[-87.059953,45.708893],[-87.172241,45.661788],[-87.196852,45.636275],[-87.333407,45.446056],[-87.327749,45.425307],[-87.3925,45.369028],[-87.438908,45.293405],[-87.600796,45.146842],[-87.610073,45.114141],[-87.581969,45.097206],[-87.625748,45.045157],[-87.630298,44.976865],[-87.822192,44.948457],[-87.843433,44.924355],[-87.832764,44.880939],[-87.865898,44.840988],[-87.902166,44.824708],[-87.941453,44.75608],[-87.983065,44.72073],[-87.990081,44.669791],[-88.009766,44.637081],[-88.001943,44.603909],[-88.042261,44.567344],[-88.005518,44.539216],[-87.929001,44.535993],[-87.903689,44.581317],[-87.867941,44.607606],[-87.756048,44.649117],[-87.71978,44.693246],[-87.721252,44.722361],[-87.611852,44.836743],[-87.515142,44.869596],[-87.478489,44.863572],[-87.433128,44.892741],[-87.405658,44.860098],[-87.384821,44.865532],[-87.385396,44.889964],[-87.405361,44.909626],[-87.398368,44.925226],[-87.322117,45.034201],[-87.264877,45.081361],[-87.238426,45.166492],[-87.224065,45.174551],[-87.200385,45.163819],[-87.119887,45.193242],[-87.109541,45.255397],[-87.078316,45.265723],[-87.057627,45.292838],[-86.97778,45.290684],[-86.985973,45.215872],[-87.032521,45.222274],[-87.040909,45.211535],[-87.045242,45.158798],[-87.030225,45.147382],[-87.054282,45.120074],[-87.05078,45.088663],[-87.081866,45.059103],[-87.121156,45.058311],[-87.138024,45.015327],[-87.163477,45.004913],[-87.187585,44.971606],[-87.1717,44.931476],[-87.215808,44.906744],[-87.204815,44.877199],[-87.267061,44.847025],[-87.282561,44.814729],[-87.313363,44.794237],[-87.353789,44.701915],[-87.467089,44.553557],[-87.517597,44.375696],[-87.545382,44.321385],[-87.508457,44.229755],[-87.512903,44.192808],[-87.563181,44.144195],[-87.6458,44.105222],[-87.656062,44.051919],[-87.683361,44.020139],[-87.736178,43.880421],[-87.726772,43.812885],[-87.700251,43.76735],[-87.702685,43.687596],[-87.789105,43.564844],[-87.793239,43.492783],[-87.872504,43.380178],[-87.911787,43.250406],[-87.881085,43.170609],[-87.900496,43.126],[-87.866487,43.074419],[-87.894813,43.042497],[-87.896836,43.02053],[-87.845181,42.962015],[-87.847745,42.889595],[-87.824,42.836649],[-87.766675,42.784896],[-87.819407,42.617327],[-87.800477,42.49192],[-90.640927,42.508302],[-90.643927,42.540401],[-90.709204,42.636078],[-90.949213,42.685573],[-91.054801,42.740529],[-91.078665,42.827678],[-91.095114,42.834966],[-91.100565,42.883078],[-91.144706,42.905964],[-91.14655,42.963345],[-91.179457,43.067427],[-91.177003,43.131846],[-91.05791,43.253968],[-91.107237,43.313645],[-91.201847,43.349103],[-91.21477,43.365874],[-91.19767,43.395334],[-91.232276,43.450952],[-91.216035,43.481142],[-91.218292,43.514434],[-91.243183,43.540309],[-91.231865,43.581822],[-91.268748,43.615348],[-91.273252,43.666623],[-91.243955,43.773046],[-91.277695,43.837741],[-91.364736,43.934884],[-91.43738,43.999962],[-91.59207,44.031372],[-91.707491,44.103906],[-91.719097,44.128853],[-91.808064,44.159262],[-91.872369,44.199167],[-91.892698,44.231105],[-91.895652,44.273008],[-91.924613,44.291815],[-91.916191,44.318094],[-91.970266,44.365842],[-92.061637,44.404124],[-92.232472,44.445434],[-92.291005,44.485464],[-92.314071,44.538014],[-92.336114,44.554004],[-92.518358,44.575183],[-92.54806,44.567792],[-92.567226,44.60177],[-92.621456,44.615017],[-92.632105,44.649027],[-92.807317,44.750364],[-92.766102,44.834966],[-92.774571,44.898084],[-92.750645,44.937299],[-92.770304,44.978967],[-92.764604,45.028767],[-92.802911,45.065403],[-92.740509,45.113396],[-92.767408,45.190166],[-92.751708,45.218666],[-92.761868,45.284938],[-92.704794,45.326526],[-92.704054,45.35366],[-92.650422,45.398507],[-92.646768,45.437929],[-92.724337,45.512223],[-92.72465,45.536744],[-92.745591,45.553016],[-92.775988,45.568478],[-92.823309,45.560934],[-92.881136,45.573409],[-92.888114,45.628377],[-92.869193,45.717568],[-92.784621,45.764196],[-92.757815,45.806574],[-92.761712,45.833861],[-92.712503,45.891705],[-92.640115,45.932478],[-92.551933,45.951651],[-92.530516,45.981918],[-92.464481,45.976267],[-92.428555,46.024241],[-92.35176,46.015685],[-92.335335,46.059422],[-92.294069,46.078346],[-92.292192,46.663242],[-92.207092,46.651941],[-92.176091,46.686341],[-92.204691,46.704041],[-92.148691,46.71514],[-92.14329,46.73464],[-92.11659,46.74864],[-92.08949,46.74924],[-92.03399,46.708939],[-91.961889,46.682539],[-91.790473,46.694624],[-91.593442,46.753345],[-91.511077,46.757453],[-91.369387,46.793745],[-91.315061,46.826729],[-91.256873,46.836833],[-91.226796,46.86361],[-91.207524,46.865835],[-91.178292,46.844259],[-91.134668,46.87249],[-91.136512,46.860975],[-91.107323,46.857469],[-91.090916,46.88267],[-91.050153,46.883037],[-90.968419,46.94391],[-90.92204,46.931372],[-90.855874,46.962232],[-90.786595,46.927019],[-90.751031,46.887963],[-90.798545,46.823922],[-90.885021,46.756341],[-90.853644,46.694464],[-90.911281,46.663083],[-90.951476,46.597033],[-90.909815,46.582703],[-90.794775,46.624941],[-90.755381,46.646225],[-90.739565,46.689943],[-90.558141,46.586384],[-90.505909,46.589614],[-90.440085,46.562365],[-90.418136,46.566094]]],[[[-90.403306,47.026693],[-90.464079,46.994636],[-90.455502,47.051331],[-90.437271,47.073483],[-90.393848,47.075956],[-90.403306,47.026693]]],[[[-90.730883,46.873096],[-90.677989,46.897527],[-90.667776,46.890037],[-90.756052,46.830595],[-90.749816,46.861806],[-90.730883,46.873096]]],[[[-90.764857,46.946524],[-90.741417,46.9636],[-90.717456,46.957966],[-90.689302,46.918563],[-90.737107,46.914712],[-90.764857,46.946524]]],[[[-90.568938,46.847391],[-90.683356,46.813275],[-90.656358,46.789745],[-90.716456,46.785418],[-90.787751,46.753301],[-90.791517,46.784713],[-90.736609,46.799654],[-90.622048,46.872872],[-90.568938,46.847391]]],[[[-90.572383,46.958835],[-90.530597,46.968099],[-90.50988,46.959108],[-90.545105,46.917287],[-90.637124,46.906724],[-90.654796,46.919249],[-90.634507,46.942944],[-90.572383,46.958835]]],[[[-87.335299,45.211327],[-87.327284,45.157363],[-87.376777,45.177298],[-87.375569,45.196633],[-87.335299,45.211327]]],[[[-90.962901,46.962028],[-90.98222,46.985417],[-90.93104,47.000857],[-90.931127,46.965334],[-90.962901,46.962028]]],[[[-90.757147,47.03372],[-90.643623,47.041177],[-90.608824,47.007558],[-90.560936,47.037013],[-90.544875,47.017383],[-90.552867,46.999686],[-90.609715,46.991208],[-90.667685,46.951261],[-90.712032,46.98526],[-90.767985,47.002327],[-90.776921,47.024324],[-90.757147,47.03372]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.899488,45.322588],[-86.904362,45.296662],[-86.956054,45.342202],[-86.943041,45.41525],[-86.855993,45.407777],[-86.830353,45.410852],[-86.828731,45.428461],[-86.810055,45.422619],[-86.805415,45.407324],[-86.841432,45.389601],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Michigan\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"29","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a06c8f9e4b09af898c862a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, John","contributorId":176499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zorn, Troy","contributorId":200218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zorn","given":"Troy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7024,"text":"Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Jana S. 0000-0002-8121-1373 jsstewar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8121-1373","contributorId":539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Jana","email":"jsstewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seelbach, Paul W. pseelbach@usgs.gov","contributorId":3937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelbach","given":"Paul","email":"pseelbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wehrly, Kevin","contributorId":6090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wehrly","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":6983,"text":"Michigan DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Lizhu","contributorId":184191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Lizhu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6983,"text":"Michigan DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70193767,"text":"70193767 - 2009 - Investigation of aquifer-estuary interaction using wavelet analysis of fiber-optic temperature data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T12:30:46","indexId":"70193767","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of aquifer-estuary interaction using wavelet analysis of fiber-optic temperature data","docAbstract":"<p>Fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (FODTS) provides sub-minute temporal and meter-scale spatial resolution over kilometer-long cables. Compared to conventional thermistor or thermocouple-based technologies, which measure temperature at discrete (and commonly sparse) locations, FODTS offers nearly continuous spatial coverage, thus providing hydrologic information at spatiotemporal scales previously impossible. Large and information-rich FODTS datasets, however, pose challenges for data exploration and analysis. To date, FODTS analyses have focused on time-series variance as the means to discriminate between hydrologic phenomena. Here, we demonstrate the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and cross-wavelet transform (XWT) to analyze FODTS in the context of related hydrologic time series. We apply the CWT and XWT to data from Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts to identify the location and timing of tidal pumping of submarine groundwater.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2008GL036926","usgsCitation":"Henderson, R., Day-Lewis, F.D., and Harvey, C.F., 2009, Investigation of aquifer-estuary interaction using wavelet analysis of fiber-optic temperature data: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 36, no. 6, L06403; 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036926.","productDescription":"L06403; 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-010693","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl036926","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610cfde4b06e28e9c25765","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, R.D.","contributorId":14269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6619,"text":"University of Connecticutt","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Charles F.","contributorId":199836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvey","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70230297,"text":"70230297 - 2009 - Osprey: Worldwide sentinel species for assessing and monitoring environmental contamination in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-06T16:40:32.981201","indexId":"70230297","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T11:40:03","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2484,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Osprey: Worldwide sentinel species for assessing and monitoring environmental contamination in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the United States, many fish and wildlife species have been used nationwide to monitor environmental contaminant exposure and effects, including carcasses of the bald eagle (</span><i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i><span>), the only top avian predator regularly used in the past. Unfortunately, bald eagles are sensitive to investigator intrusion at the nest. Thus, the osprey (</span><i>Pandion haliaetus</i><span>) is evaluated as a potential sentinel species for aquatic ecosystems. Several characteristics support the choice of the osprey as a sentinel species, including: (1) fish-eating diet atop the aquatic food web, (2) long-lived with strong nest fidelity, (3) adapts to human landscapes (potentially the most contaminated), (4) tolerates short-term nest disturbance, (5) nests spatially distributed at regular intervals, (6) highly visible nests easily located for study, (7) ability to accumulate most, if not all, lipophilic contaminants, (8) known sensitivity to many contaminants, and (9) nearly a worldwide distribution. These osprey traits have been instrumental in successfully using the species to understand population distribution, abundance, and changes over time; the effects of various contaminants on reproductive success; how contaminants in prey (fish on biomass basis) contribute to egg concentrations (i.e., biomagnification factors); and spatial residue patterns. Data summarized include nesting population surveys, detailed nesting studies, and chemical analyses of osprey egg, organ, blood, and feather samples for contaminants that bioaccumulate and/or biomagnify in aquatic food webs; and biochemical evaluations of blood and various organs. Studies in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Europe, and elsewhere have shown the osprey to be a useful sentinel species for monitoring selected environmental contaminants, including some emerging contaminants in lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and estuaries.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10937400802545078","usgsCitation":"Grove, R.A., Henny, C.J., and Kaiser, J.L., 2009, Osprey: Worldwide sentinel species for assessing and monitoring environmental contamination in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews, v. 12, no. 1, p. 25-44, https://doi.org/10.1080/10937400802545078.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"44","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaiser, James L.","contributorId":57033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70177143,"text":"70177143 - 2009 - Analysis of vegetation changes in Rock Creek Park, 1991-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:22:03","indexId":"70177143","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":54,"text":"Natural Resource Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NCR/NCRO/NRTR--2009/001","title":"Analysis of vegetation changes in Rock Creek Park, 1991-2007","docAbstract":"<p>Vegetation data collected at Rock Creek Park every 4 years during 1991-2007 were analyzed for differences among 3 regions within the park and among years. The variables measured and analyzed were percentage of twigs browsed, percentage of canopy cover, species richness of herbaceous plants, number of tree seedlings in each of 7 height classes, tree seedling stocking rate for low deer density and high deer density areas, percentage of tree and shrub cover &lt; 2 m in height, mean diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees &gt; 1 cm DBH, number of tree stems &gt; 1 cm DBH, species richness of trees and shrubs, and mean height of the 5 tallest trees in each plot quadrant. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences and, except for some differences in tree species composition among the 3 regions, no differences (P &gt; 0.01) were found among the 3 regions in the variables discussed above. Many of the variables showed very significant differences (P &lt; 0.01) among years, and causative factors should be investigated further. In addition, importance values were calculated for the 10 most important tree species in each region and changes over time were reported. Future sampling recommendations are also discussed. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Hatfield, J.S., and Krafft, C., 2009, Analysis of vegetation changes in Rock Creek Park, 1991-2007: Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCR/NCRO/NRTR--2009/001, iv, 14 p.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-011502","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58088689e4b0f497e78e24e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":95187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krafft, Cairn ckrafft@usgs.gov","contributorId":3480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krafft","given":"Cairn","email":"ckrafft@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":651412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}